ANNUALREPORT 2010-2011 INSCT Welcomes New Deputy Director and Professor of Practice PAGE 6

Educating Tomorrow’s National Security Professionals PAGE 8

Rise of the Drones PAGE 24 The Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism (INSCT) at Syracuse University provides cutting-edge interdisciplinary research, graduate education, and public service on law and policy challenges related to national and international security. Table of Contents

Message from the Director...... 4

About INSCT...... 5

Academic Programs...... 8 »» National Security and Counterterrorism Law Certificate »» Certificate of Advanced Study in Security Studies »» Certificate of Advanced Study in Postconflict Reconstruction

INSCT Program on Security in the Middle East...... 12

David F. Everett Program in Postconflict Reconstruction (PCR)...... 14

Research Projects...... 16 »» Islam and International Humanitarian Law (IHL) »» New Battlefields/Old Laws »» Building Community Resilience »» Victim Compensation »» Postconflict Justice and Islam »» Mapping Global Insecurity/Black Spots Project »» Cybersecurity »» From Battlefield to Classroom

Additional Contributions to the Field...... 22

Journal of National Security Law and Policy...... 25

Events...... 26

INSCT Faculty Research and News...... 27 A Message from the Director

INSCT has grown and matured as we approach the end of our first decade. We are enthusiastic about the direction and dynamism of the Institute’s academic programs and research initiatives. Our interdisciplinary orientation continues to set us apart, and our community of teachers, scholars, and inquisitive stu- dents are discovering and engaging the next generation of security and terrorism challenges. Law and graduate student interest in our certificate programs, courses, and speakers continues to grow. For those interested in global security, thanks to the support of Law alum David Everett, our Postconflict Reconstruction pro- gram offers an interdisciplinary series of courses and internship opportunities that enable our graduates to work in public and NGO positions. Students with an abiding interest in domestic security and counterterrorism choose from a rich curriculum of courses and seminars, and are well positioned to enter the govern- ment or private sector. Our research programs continue to bear fruit. Our project on asymmetric warfare and the laws of war resulted in the publication of New Battlefields/ Old Laws: Critical Debates on Asym- metric Warfare, by Columbia University Press in October 2011. We are especially pleased with the quality of this edited collection of chapters, and we expect a second New Battlefields/Old Laws volume in the coming year. William C. Banks, the Board of Advisors Distinguished Professor of Law, Professor of INSCT has also had the good fortune of Public Administration at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, and Laura J. adding to our permanent faculty and staff and Douglas L. Meredith Professor for Teaching Excellence is the Founder and Director of Vice Admiral (Ret.) Robert B. Murrett. INSCT. An internationally-recognized authority in national security law, counterterrorism, VADM Murrett recently retired as Direc- and constitutional law, Professor Banks helped set the parameters for the emergent fields tor of the National Geospatial Agency (NGA). We are delighted to welcome of national security law and counterterrorism law. him as Deputy Director of INSCT, and as a Professor of Practice in the Public Administration and International Af- fairs Department at the Maxwell School. Department of the U.S. Army to host and to the Army going forward. With this VADM Murrett will teach courses on a Senior Service College Fellow for the successful beginning of a relationship intelligence policy and defense chal- 2011-2012 year. Through this highly between INSCT and the Army, we hope to lenges, and his considerable experience in competitive program, Lt. Col. Geof- expand fellowship opportunities across the world of national defense will greatly frey Stevens is spending a year with us, the services in the future. enhance our capabilities in working with engaging in a research project related to the U.S. and foreign governments and his Army assignments, supporting other related organizations. INSCT research projects, and attending Finally, INSCT was chosen by the courses that will bring value to his career

4 About INSCT

The Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism (INSCT) provides cutting-edge interdisciplinary research, graduate education, and public service on law and policy challenges related to national and international security.

INSCT is a joint enterprise of the College of Engineering and Computer Sci- bers, and dozens of senior researchers and Syracuse University College of Law and ence, and from other colleges and institu- affiliated scholars working worldwide. the Maxwell School of Citizenship and tions bring expertise in military planning Approximately 80 graduate students are Public Affairs. Drawing upon the exper- and operations, global counterterrorism affiliated with INSCT annually, as they tise of affiliated faculty, partner institutes and arms control, human rights, crisis complete advanced degrees. We place a and organizations, as well as current and management, cybersecurity, stability and special emphasis on public service and former practitioners, INSCT advances the peacebuilding operations, communica- academic-public partnerships. Many study of national and international secu- tions, emergency management, econom- INSCT projects involve research partner- rity, law and policy. Our projects, research ics, anthropology, public diplomacy, and ships with federal agencies, municipali- and law reform initiatives place INSCT at civil-military relations. ties, NGOs, UN agencies, and think tanks, the forefront of shaping dialogue concern- INSCT also promotes student engage- providing graduate students with direct ing national security, law and policy. We ment in advanced coursework through public service experience. In addition to develop versatile professionals to serve specializations in national security and advancing shared research goals, these in positions of leadership in government, counterterrorism law, security studies, partnerships ensure sustained interac- international organizations, academia, and postconflict reconstruction. These tions between academics and practition- think tanks, and the private sector. highly successful academic certificate ers and afford graduate students mentor- Faculty and practitioners affiliated programs for graduate and law students ing and advancement opportunities. with INSCT from the College of Law, will help prepare the next generation of the Maxwell School of Citizenship and decision makers. Public Affairs, the S.I. Newhouse School INSCT has a core membership of seven of Public Communications, the School professional staff, administrators, and of Information Studies, the L.C. Smith research fellows, 25 resident faculty mem-

Our Approach

Vexing threats to national and international security now include changing patterns of global conflict and warfare, the rise of nonstate actors, and asymmetric tactics that target noncombatants and vulnerable populations. Policy makers struggle with terrorism, human shielding, child soldiers, irregular forces, and unlawful weapons of war. As these emergent conflict trends interface with macrostructural changes in our global world order—failed states, problems of human and food security, climate change—they present unprecedented challenges to our contemporary legal and policy-making systems.

Our approach to these challenges is based on the following premises:

»» Law and policy are inseparable in contemporary security matters. »» Interdisciplinary research is critical to understand the full scope and shape of contemporary problems of security. »» Security responses must involve transnational thinking, cross-cultural dialogue, conflict mitigation and planning for peace and stability. »» Public service and academic-public partnerships are necessary for training next-generation professionals and leaders. »» Soft power instruments (public diplomacy, interagency collaboration, civil society institutions, NGOS) are increasingly pivotal for long-term security.

5 INSCT’s Growing Staff INSCT Welcomes New Deputy Director and Professor of Practice

Former Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Vice Admiral Robert B. Murrett, joined INSCT as Deputy Director in June 2011. At the same time, he also joined the faculty of Syracuse University’s Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs as Professor of Practice, Public Administration and International Affairs.

ice Admiral Murrett was served as the Assistant Naval Attache in Atlantic Intelligence Command on August the fourth Director of the U.S. Embassy, Oslo, Norway. In 1989, 12, 1999. the National Geospatial- Murrett reported to Commander in Chief, Murrett served as the Director for Intelligence Agency, from U.S. Pacific Fleet, where he was assigned Intelligence, U.S. Joint Forces Command, July 2006 through July as Operational Intelligence Officer. From from August, 2000 through January 2010.V Prior to his appointment, Murrett 1992 to 1995, he served as Assistant Chief 2002. From February 2002 through served as the Director of Naval Intelli- of Staff, Intelligence for Commander, March 2005, Murrett was assigned as the gence from April 2005 until July 2006. Carrier Group Eight, and deployed to the Vice Chair Director for Intelligence on the Following his commissioning, Murrett European and Central Command theat- Joint Staff. was assigned as an afloat intelligence ers. Murrett received his bachelor’s officer, including Mediterranean, North Between 1995 and 1997, Murrett was degree in history from the University of Atlantic, and Western Pacific deploy- Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence for Buffalo and master’s degrees in govern- ments aboard USS Kitty Hawk, USS Commander, Second Fleet, and served ment and strategic intelligence from America, and USS Independence. concurrently as N2 for NATO’s Strik- Georgetown University and the Defense He was assigned to the Defense ing Fleet Atlantic. From June 1997 until Intelligence College, respectively. Intelligence College in 1980, then detailed September 1998, he was assigned to the Vice Admiral Murrett will teach two to the Chief of Naval Operations Intelli- Chief of Naval Operations Staff as Execu- courses at Maxwell during the 2011-2012 gence Plot as a watch stander and analyst tive Assistant to the Director of Naval academic year: U.S. Intelligence Commu- for Navy civilian and military leaders. Intelligence. He was then assigned as nity: Governance & Practice - 1947 to Pre- From 1983 to 1985, he served as Assis- Director, Intelligence Directorate, Office sent; and U.S. Defense Strategy, Military tant Intelligence Officer for Commander, of Naval Intelligence in September 1998. Posture and Combat Operations - 2001 to Second Fleet. From 1986 to 1989, he He assumed the duties of Commander, Present.

6 INSCT Hosts U.S. Army Senior Service New Faculty & Fellow Staff ach year, the Department of the Army selects a limited A new staff member and several number of officers (senior professors joined the INSCT faculty lieutenant colonels) as Senior this year: Service College Fellows. Professor Tara Helfman j o i n e d ERoughly 60 officers receive fellowships the College of Law; her research in- at select civilian universities, think terests include counterproliferation, tanks, and government agencies in lieu maritime law, fiduciary law, the laws of resident attendance at a senior service of war, and Anglo-American legal college, such as the Army War College or history. Naval War College. » Professor Azra Hromadzic Current fellowships involve 31 » Col. Geoffrey D. Stevens is INSCT’s joined the anthropology department separate locations in the United States, first Senior Service College Fellow at the Maxwell School. Her research France, Italy, Germany, and Canada. interests include political anthro- This is a highly competitive program, pology, ethno-political violence and not only for the officers, but also for the tions. His experience includes command postconflict reconciliation, socialism host schools. during combat at the battalion level; joint and post-socialism, citizenship and assignment on the U.S. Northern Com- globalization, Eastern Europe and About Col. Stevens mand staff; multiple combat deployments including Operation Enduring Freedom, the Balkans. Col. Stevens is an experienced Iraqi Freedom, and Desert Storm; and, Professor Christopher Rohlfs practitioner of national security, serv- multiple interagency operations in sup- joins INSCT from the economics ing as an officer in the U.S. Army for port of civil authorities including Hurri- department at the Maxwell School. 23 years, specializing in the fields of canes Katrina and Rita. His research interests include public Explosive Ordnance Disposal, Counter- sector microeconomics and the eco- Improvised Explosive Device operations nomics of national defense. as well as Joint and Interagency opera- Professor Isaac Kfir continues with INSCT as a Schusterman Visit- ing Scholar, and continues teach- ing at the Maxwell School and the Downing Scholars Welcomed as Part of College of Law expanding security course offerings. Kfir’s research INSCT Programming centers on political and conflict transformation in South Asia (pri- his year INSCT formalized its marily in relation to Pakistan and relationship with the Maxwell Afghanistan) and the Greater Middle School’s Downing Schol- East. He specifically examines issues ars program, an academic relating to postconflict reconstruc- partnership with the Combat- tion (security issues) and transitional Ting Terrorism Center at West Point. The justice (restorative and retributive General Wayne A. Downing Scholarship justice). program offers select Army Officers the Shani Ross joined INSCT as opportunity to attend graduate programs Research Fellow. Ross has held posi- at top-tier universities around the world. tions with the United Nations Coun- Upon completion, officers return imme- terterrorism Committee Executive diately to the operational force and do not »» Major Christopher DeMure is Directorate (CTED) in New York, the serve in a utilization tour. Future Down- INSCT’s first Downing Scholar. International Center for the Study of ing Scholars at the Maxwell School will has worked in a variety of positions while Radicalisation (ICSR) in New York be designated INSCT Military Fellows assigned to the demilitarized zone (DMZ) and the Interdisciplinary Centre and will participate in INSCT research in the Republic of Korea, the 75th Ranger (IDC) in Herzliya, Israel. Her re- and institutional activities. Regiment, and the 82nd Airborne Divi- search interests include the politics sion. His service includes nearly three of developing nations, specifically About Major DeMure years deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq, Africa and Southeast Asia, postcon- Major DeMure was commissioned as well as commanding an infantry com- flict reconstruction, counterterror- into the Infantry after graduating from pany for 37 months. ism and Somali piracy. the U.S. Military Academy in 2000. He

7 Educating Tomorrow’s National Security Professionals

INSCT’s greatest strength lies in its innovative educational programs. INSCT currently administers three certificate programs: a certificate of Advanced Study (CAS) in Security Studies; a CAS in Postconflict Reconstruction; and a Certificate in National Security and Counterterrorism Law available to law, masters, and doctoral students across the Syracuse University campus. INSCT also provides international study opportunities as part of its Program on Security in the Middle East – a Maxwell/ INSCT partnership with the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzilya, Israel. Now in its sixth year, the program offers intensive summer foreign study with advanced scholars and practitioners specializing in security issues. In support of its more formal educational programs, INSCT sponsors a range of innovative activities, including colloquia, interactive lectures, panel discussions, conferences, workshops, and seminars. INSCT also sponsors independent student educational endeavors such as the Student Association on Terrorism and Security Analysis (SATSA), which hosts an annual security studies conference.

Course Innovations

INSCT assists and sponsors faculty in creating new and innovative courses that grapple with the complexity of the 21st century security environment.

Contemporary Issues in Cybersecurity Law and Postconflict Atrocity Law Policy Reconstruction Over the past 12 years, international This interdisciplinary seminar under- The goal of this class is to familiarize criminal law has developed at an ex- takes the crucial work identified by the students with the broad literature on ponential rate setting the cornerstones 2009 White House Cyberspace Policy postconflict reconstruction, the various in international criminal law for years Review: “The United States needs to dimensions and goals of postconflict to come. Professor David M. Crane, conduct a national dialogue on cyberse- work, the types of actors that conduct it, Former Chief Prosecutor of the Special curity to ensure an integrated approach the trade-offs and dilemmas they face, Court for Sierra Leone, developed the toward the Nation’s need for security and the lessons learned from its applica- prosecutorial plan to hold accountable and the national commitment to privacy tion across various settings. The course those who bore the greatest responsibil- rights and civil liberties guaranteed by devotes considerable attention to the ap- ity for war crimes and crimes against the Constitution and law.” plied side of postconflict reconstruction; humanity that resulted in the murder, The course is premised on the belief that is, the techniques and tools used by rape, maiming, and mutilation of over that much policy – and law to imple- international intermediaries (states, IOs 1.2 million human beings. It is a rare ment it – will be made in the next few and NGOs) as well as local stakeholders opportunity for students to be able to years to institute a national policy to to transition societies from violence to take a seminar taught by one of the protect U.S. interests in cyberspace. The sustainable peace. The course is offered senior international practitioners in the course is offered by its creator, Col- by its creators, Maxwell School Profes- field, using his work as the basis for this lege of Law Visiting Professor William sors Renée de Nevers and Catherine seminar. Snyder. Bertini.

8 National Security and Counterterrorism Law Certificate

»» Standing (L-R): Don Anque, Gabriel Sepulveda, Marc DiMatteo, Prof. William Snyder, Adam Shall, Ryan Merill, Chad Montgomery, Brandon Kaufman, Ryan Cole, Stephen Kopko, Chris Audet, Sahar Azar, Dean Hannah Arterian. »» Seated (L-R): Eileen Gould, Prof. William C. Banks, Noah Schechtman, Andrew Boughrum, Andrew Botts

ffered since 2003, the dents can choose to focus on such areas fense Analysis, CIA, U.S. Department of fifteen-credit National as: international human rights, law of Homeland Security, Army and Navy JAG, Security and Counterterror- armed conflict, genocide, international Office of Military Commissions, Office of ism Law Certificate requires atrocity law, prosecuting terrorists, General Counsel, U.S. Navy, and the Fed- students to take two base cybersecurity and postconflict recon- eral Bureau of Prisons, among others. Ocourses addressing national security struction. Additional Maxwell and law generally, and three elective courses other graduate courses include Interna- focused on different aspects of national tional Security, Homeland Security, and and international security law and policy. Responding to Proliferation of WMDs. A Students submit a significant research complete list of elective courses is avail- paper (at least 25 pages) on a related topic able on the INSCT website. of national security or counterterrorism. In 2011, 27 students graduated with Current base course offerings include: National Security and Counterterror- »» National Security Law ism Law Certificates, bringing the total »» Counterterrorism and the Law INSCT Law certificate awardees (since »» Foreign Relations Law 2004) to 139. Graduates are currently »» Perspectives on Terrorism working for such agencies as the Office of »» INSCT National Security and the General Counsel, FBI Counterintelli- Counterterrorism Research Center gence Division, U.S. Customs and Border In their elective coursework, stu- Patrol General Counsel, Institute for De- 9 Certificate of Advanced Study in Security Studies

»» Standing (L-R): Mohammad Aslami, Christopher DeMure, Ortrun Merkle, Joshua Daley, Matthew Kavgian, Colin O’Hara, John Power, Patrick Manley, Quinn Warner, Joseph Robertson, Sayeed Sanglakhee, Amanda Henninger, Koh Nakamura »» Seated (L-R): Joseph Apel, Nellwyn Olson, Jihoon Yu, Senior Associate Dean Michael Wasylenko, Prof. William C. Banks, Gary Clark, Andrew Volpe

ffered since 2006, the liferation, international organizations, dents in Political Science, Economics, and 12-credit Certificate of perspectives on terrorism, peacekeeping, Information Technology. Graduates with Advanced Study in Secu- crisis management, and foreign policy. the INSCT Security Studies Certificate rity Studies requires the These courses are offered in a range of have found positions at such agencies as completion of four courses: departments and are often cross-listed the U.S. Department of State Division of Otwo base courses addressing national and across multiple units, including Public Arms Control, U.S. Department of Home- international security, policy, history, and Administration, Political Science, Inter- land Security’s Section for Intelligence law and two elective courses focused on national Relations, History, Law, Anthro- and Analysis, the Open Source Center at specific problems of security. Current pology, Communications, and Business the CIA, Institute for Defense Analysis, base course offerings include: Administration. A prime example of IN- Office of the Inspector General at the U.S. »» U.S. National Security and Foreign SCT’s unique, interdisciplinary approach Department of Defense, Defense Intel- Policy to security studies and its curricular ligence Agency, the Office of the Coor- »» Counterterrorism & the Law innovation is the Perspectives on Terror- dinator for Counterterrorism at the U.S. »» Postconflict Reconstruction ism course. Department of State, among others. »» International Security In 2011, 36 graduate students will »» Comparative Civil-Military earn the certificate, bringing the INSCT Relations total to 174 since 2006. These graduate »» National Security Law students include: 6 Masters in Public Ad- »» Homeland Security: Federal Policy ministration (MPA); 13 Masters in Inter- and Implementation Challenges national Relations (IR); 9 joint Masters in Electives cover such topics as the IR and Public Administration; 3 joint JD asymmetric uses of force, nuclear pro- and Masters in IR; and 5 graduate stu-

10 Certificate of Advanced Study in Postconflict Reconstruction

»» Standing (L-R): Christopher DeMure, Joshua Daley, Julie Andrus, Marineth Domingo, Umar Riaz, Alex Thevaranjan, Nick Armstrong. »» Seated (L-R): Kari Kietzer, Mehmet Sait Kirazoglu, Senior Associate Dean Michael Wasylenko, Prof. William C. Banks, Sheila Muthemba.

new Certificate of Advanced The Postconflict Reconstruction »» Assuring Security and De- Study in Postconflict Recon- Certificate is structured in an interdisci- militarizing Politics struction (PCR) was offered plinary fashion so that students complete »» Promoting Reconciliation and to graduate students for the two base courses and then develop a com- Peacebuilding first time during the 2010- bination of specialized coursework and »» Building Civil Society 11A academic year: 19 graduate students coordinated professional development »» Environmental Consequences of earned the certificate. experiences. The current base course PCR The Certificate of Advanced Study is Fundamentals of Postconflict Recon- Coordinated professional develop- in Postconflict Reconstruction enables struction, and students must choose an ment experiences include either intern- students to gain familiarity with the ma- additional core course from these offer- ships with organizations involved in jor dimensions of increasingly prevalent ings: postconflict work or capstone projects, postconflict rebuilding work such as: »» Humanitarian Action: Challenges, which may include specialized research, peace and stability operations, humani- Responses, Results in-field data collection, or policy analysis. tarian aid, justice and rule of law issues, »» Foreign Relations Law Graduate students earning Postconflict civil-military relations, security sector »» Public Administration and Reconstruction Certificates work with an reform, and institution building initia- Democracy INSCT advisor to craft an area of special- tives. With this specialization, graduate Additional elective courses are avail- ization and a complementary professional students gain analytical skills, multi- able in the following areas of specializa- development experience. sector perspectives, and experience use- tion: ful for successful careers in or related to »» Building Institutional Capacity postconflict work, including international »» Building the Rule of Law development. »» Providing Humanitarian Relief 11 Program on Security in the Middle East he INSCT Program on Secu- rity in the Middle East facili- tates direct student engage- ment with security scholars, experts, and practitioners Twith partner universities in Jerusalem and Herzliya. The program underscores the impor- tance of analytical skills and a cross-cul- tural approach to complex conflicts that helps in understanding the social, politi- cal, religious, and economic influences on regional and international security today. The INSCT Program on Security in the Middle East was developed and made possible by SU alumnus, trustee, and INSCT friend Gerald B. Cramer (‘52). Mr. Cramer helped establish the Program in 2005, sponsoring a student and faculty exchange program that enabled graduate students to study at the Interdisciplinary Centre’s International Institute for Coun- terterrorism (ICT) in Herzliya, Israel. »» Cramer and Becker fellows joined Series Speaker, Prof. Daniel Bar-Tal for a small In 2010 SU alumna Carol Becker group discussion. (‘76), deeply committed to fostering »» Standing (L-R): Mary Katherine Ream, Marineth Riano-Domingo, Amanda dialogue and improving security in the Henninger, Carlos Wong, Brian Stone, Eric Sigmund, Matthew Kavgian, Daniel region, helped expand the Program by Stillman, Nicholas Rogacki, Prof. Daniel Bar-Tal, Corri Zoli, Derek Andrews sponsoring a speaker series and offering »» Seated (L-R): Carolyn Abnenour, Pavitra Ramaswamy additional graduate study abroad fellow- ships.

Carol Becker Speaker Series

he Carol Becker Speaker cooperation with the Middle Eastern Series brings Middle East ex- Studies Program at Maxwell). perts to the Syracuse campus, »» Small-group student discussion: providing opportunities for “Reconciliation as a Foundation of face-to-face dialogue and de- Culture of Peace,” February 9, 2011. Tbate with students. In addition to public Ehud Eiran is an Associate at the talks, Becker speakers commit to small Belfer Center’s International Security group discussions with selected students, Program and a lecturer at the Depart- including the Becker Fellows. INSCT ment of Political Science at MIT. Eiran hosted two speakers in Spring 2011. is also affiliated with the Program on Ne- Professor Daniel Bar-Tal is gotiation at Harvard Law School. Eiran currently Professor of Psychology at the studies international conflict and conflict »» Ehud Eiran, Associate, Belfer School of Education, Tel-Aviv Univer- resolution, with a special emphasis on Center’s International Security sity. His research focuses on political Arab-Israeli affairs in both their internal Program; Lecturer, MIT and social psychology, specializing in and international settings. foundations of intractable conflicts and »» Public Talk: Power, Norms, and peacemaking, shared societal beliefs of Time: Analytical Perspectives of Process – Prospect for the ethos of conflict, collective memory, and the Israeli-Palestinian Impasse, Future? February 14, 2011. emotional collective orientations. February 14, 2011. »» Public Talk: “The Evolvement and »» Small-group student discussion: Institutionalization of a Culture The Demise of the Oslo Peace of Conflict,” February 10, 2011 (in

12 »» International Institute for Counter-Terrorism’s (ICT) Executive Certificate Program in Counter-Terrorism Studies, Summer 2011 class. Gerry Cramer and Carol Becker Graduate Study Abroad Fellowships

he Cramer and Becker fel- lowships offer support for graduate students partici- pating in the study abroad program. Law, masters, Tand doctoral students participate in two main program components. Since 2005, INSCT has partnered with the Lauder School of Govern- ment and the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) at the Inter- disciplinary Centre (IDC) in Herzliya to promote collaborative study for faculty and graduate students, including an exchange program, in counterterrorism and conflict resolution. Graduate students participate in ICT’s Counterterrorism Studies Program, a three-week execu- tive education certificate program that includes six academic courses and par- tional program activities include sup- »» Daniel Stillman, Summer 2011 ticipation in simulations, workshops, and plemental workshops on the background Fellow, in front of the Dome of the on-site briefings. Students engage with to the Middle East Peace Process, Rock in Jerusalem. ICT instructors, and nationally-renowned recommended readings, supervision of practitioners, to address practical issues, independent study, academic advising, thus gleaning ‘real-world’ learning both and networking events. in and out of the classroom. In July 2011, 12 graduate and law Students also participate in a three- students representing a full range of day graduate level lecture and workshop disciplines attended the program: 3 law series conducted by Palestinian scholars students, 1 law/IR masters student, 1 law/ and security experts at Al Quds Univer- MPA student, 4 IR masters students, 1 sity in East Jerusalem. MPA student, 1 Executive-MPA student, Beyond these components, INSCT and 1 Public Diplomacy masters student. faculty and researchers work with gradu- ate students to develop individualized research projects on the region. Addi-

13 David F. Everett Program on Postconflict Reconstruction (PCR)

Advancing knowledge and preparing future professionals for the complexities of building peace, security, and institutional capacity in war-torn countries

ostconflict Reconstruction (PCR) in fragile states has become a central issue for the international community. As a result of globalization, Pthe international system now provides unprecedented wealth and opportunity to its participating members. Yet nations in Africa, Central Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East remain unable to gain access to its political, financial, or tech- nological networks and resource flows. More alarming is the reality that many of these fragile or failing states are prone to internal conflict, inviting human rights violations and the export of crime and ter- rorism. The international community and nations currently engaged in PCR have struggled to adopt effective stabilization and reconstruction strategies that ensure long-term success. INSCT is working to »» Soldiers from the 10th Mountain Division, Fort Drum, shared their experiences meet the pressing need for a specialized with INSCT. (L to R): David F. Everett, Captain Dan Vallone, Major Lawrence and interdisciplinary academic program Walton, William C. Banks, Lt. Colonel Michael Loos, First Sergeant Donald to prepare professionals to work in a wide Spock, Captain Chris Sabatino, Nick Armstrong. range of postconflict environments. This project area encompasses the Certificate of Advanced Study (CAS) in Postconflict Reconstruction, the Ever- Postconflict Reconstruction Speaker Series ett Postconflict Reconstruction Speaker Series, sponsorship and participation The Everett Postconflict Reconstruc- in workshops and symposia, and schol- tion Speaker Series brings experts and arship, including a database of PCR practitioners to campus to engage stu- literature. dents and SU scholars. During the 2010- 11 academic year, the following lectures were included in this series: »» “God Grew Tired of Us.” John Dau, Founder John Dau Foundation, Transforming Healthcare in South Sudan. »» “The Power of Hope.” Gabriel Bol Deng, Founded Helping Offer »» John Dau, Founder, John Dau Primary Education (HOPE) for Foundation Sudan. »» “Building Capacity and Legitmacy in the Afghan Security Forces: Experiences of the 10th Mountain Division in Afghanistan.” Five soldiers from the 10th Mountain Division, Fort Drum.

14 Research Activities

On August 26-27, 2010, INSCT participated in a two-day, joint research conference hosted by the U.S. Army’s Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute (PKSOI), located at the U.S. Army War College in Carlisle Barracks, PA. This collaboration explored the topics of resilience and sustainability in the context of postconflict stabilization, reconstruction and transition opera- tions. Conference participants included INSCT research staff and faculty such as Nick Armstrong, Keli Perrin, Pat Long- staff and Isaac Kfir. In November 2010, INSCT co-hosted an international conference with PKSOI at the U.S. Army War College: Transi- tions: Issues, Challenges, and Solutions. This conference brought together key thinkers and practitioners from academ- ia, civilian agencies and organizations, and military services to examine the is- sues, opportunities, and lessons learned New Postconflict Reconstruction Research in the empowerment of host nation governments and civil society and sub- Database sequent transition of responsibility and control to indigenous agencies and or- PCR researchers have yet to assem- literature –the Postconflict Stabiliza- ganizations. Participating members from ble a database sufficient for conducting tion, Reconstruction and Peacebuilding INSCT included: Research Fellows Nick systematic research that builds general Resource Bank. Once complete, this Armstrong, Corri Zoli, Whitney Parker, knowledge about which conditions, con- database will be made public and INSCT Shani Ross and Prof. Isaac Kfir. This texts, and strategies combine to create researchers will analyze the sample of workshop led to a collaborative research vibrant postconflict reconstruction initia- documents to identify key relationships paper by INSCT’s Nicholas J. Armstrong tives and which combine to undermine between postconflict conditions, contexts, and PKSOI’s Jacqueline Chura-Beaver, them. Currently, INSCT researchers are and strategies and trace the overarching “Harnessing Postconflict “Transitions”: A compiling a large sample (500+) of case trends of this burgeoning, yet unwieldy, Conceptual Primer.” reports, articles, and edited volumes to body of knowledge. address these gaps in the postconflict

PKSOI Internships

INSCT recently partnered with Kari Kietzer (EMIR ’11) Daniel Stillman (JD/IR ’12) PKSOI to send at least one of its certificate students each year to work Kari Kietzer is a Daniel is cur- as an intern at PKSOI at the Army recent graduate rently a dual War College. This summer and fall, of the Maxwell degree candidate respectively, INSCT is pleased to send School’s new at the College of certificate students Kari Kietzer (MA- Executive Masters Law and Maxwell IR ’11) and Dan Stillman to PKSOI. in International School of Citizen- Selections for this internship program Relations (EMIR) ship and Public are competitive. where she focused Affairs, pursuing her studies on U.S. foreign policy and a Juris Doctorate (JD) and Master of global development. Arts in International Relations (MAIR) respectively.

15 Research Portfolio & Partnerships

INSCT develops and maintains a research portfolio that addresses the security challenges posed by our varied and ever- changing threat environment. Topics range geographically from international, theater-of-war issues through local, homeland security challenges and are addressed through multiple lenses, including law, international relations, political science, history, anthropology, economics, and public administration.

Islam and International Humanitarian Law Initiative

troubling gaps in the law today. Topics of This year INSCT compiled a multi- Refuting Islamic extremism through concern include the role of culturally and author volume, Islam in International cross-cultural dialogue in the religiously-based legal norms and their Humanitarian Law: Cultural Engagement contemporary struggle over ‘hearts and authoritative sources for limiting armed in an Era of Asymmetric Warfare, from conflict’s negative effects on victims; the the many scholarly essays and a white minds’ meaning of asymmetry from the perspec- paper report that grew out of its 2009 tive of the weaker party; conflicting and workshop: The Role of Islam in Inter- even incompatible notions of legitimacy national Humanitarian Law. Panelists t the heart of the Islam and and defense in military actions; and the included: William Banks, Corri Zoli, International Humanitarian role of universal human rights standards Miriam Elman, Mehrzad Boroujerdi, Law (IIHL) initiative and in relation to culture and conflict. Renée de Nevers. Robert Barnidge, Jona- its affiliated projects is the The inherent complexity of this topic than Brown, James Cockayne, Moham- conviction that a rapport requires scholars and practitioners whose med Fadel, Bernard K. Freamon, Thomas betweenA Islamic and international laws research and expertise spans multiple Gibson, Sohail Hashmi, Naz Modirzadeh, of war is critical for solving new problems disciplines and practice areas. We have Niaz Shah, James Turner Johnson, Scott of warfare and their aftermath, many of also approached the bodies of law under Worden, Mark Welton, Tucker Culbert- which disproportionately impact Muslim- consideration as “living traditions,” to son, and Dana Abro. The volume is under majority communities around the world. paraphrase the 8th century jurist al- consideration at Cambridge University Generously supported by the Andrew Awzai’s view of Islamic law, part of the Press. Mellon Foundation and the Syracuse intergenerational practice of adapting University Humanities Center, IIHL approved legal precepts to contemporary examines the role of Islam and Islamic circumstances. Such a view refutes the jurisprudence in post-9/11 security chal- tendency to reduce Islamic or interna- lenges and the legal regimes for regulat- tional legal traditions to static or mono- ing them (i.e., the Geneva Conventions). lithic constructs and recognizes each as The goal of the project is to identify the complex, dynamic, and plural (made up most pressing shared security concerns at of sub-traditions). Collaborating scholars the intersection of Islamic jurisprudence from Cornell University and the Univer- and International Humanitarian Law sity of Rochester have joined the project and to consider how a dialogue between through the Mellon Central New York these legal regimes may prompt creativ- Humanities Corridor. ity in addressing these issues as well as

16 Postconflict Justice and Islam

Assessing the conformity to the Shari’a of internationally recognized modalities of postconflict justice for international crimes

ith generous sup- port from the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) and the International Institute ofW Higher Studies in Criminal Sciences (ISISC), this INSCT collaborative partner- ship has begun a next-phase project that assesses the conformity to Islamic law or the Shari’a to internationally-recognized modalities of postconflict justice for international crimes. These transitional or postconflict justice modalities include: international prosecutions, national prosecutions, truth commissions and related bodies, victims’ redress, vetting of tive norms applicable to Muslims in times mad Serag, John Dempsey, Muhammad personnel (“lustration”), memorialization, of war and peace that would invite, if not H. Faghfoory, Elise Groulx Diggs, Karen education, and domestic legal reforms. require, postconflict justice. The project Hall, Shireen T. Hunter, Jamie A. Wil- While there has been a significant ex- addresses this gap in this important field. liamson, Ambassador Feisal Amin Rasoul pansion in the use of postconflict justice INSCT hosted a workshop on Novem- Istrabadi, Col. Richard Jackson, Lt. Col. mechanisms by the international commu- ber 5, 2010 in Washington, D.C.: Post- Christopher Jenks, David Johnson, Ellen nity, as well as a significant body of litera- conflict Justice and Islam. Participants Klein, Mohamed Y. Mattar, Hank Nich- ture, policy, and practice on these topics included: William Banks, M. Cherif ols, Ali. A. Mazrui, Vice Admiral Bruce as countries around the world struggle to Bassiouni, Scott Worden, Abdullahi MacDonald, Col. Anthony Lieto, John properly address the aftermath of mass Ahmed An-Naim, Elizabeth Ann Mayer, Linarelli, Alexis Prieur, Sylvana Sinha, atrocities, there has been little thinking John Kelsay, William Taylor, Neil Kritz, Cecile Aptel, David Backer, Jacqueline that explores a rapport with Islamic legal Qamar-ul Huda, Corri Zoli, Charles Tuck- Chura-Beaver, Isaac Kfir, Shani Ross, perspective on postconflict justice. This er, Jonathan Brown, Mohammed Fadel, Whitney Parker, Dana Abro, Nick Arm- is so even while the Shari’a contains sev- Naz Modirzadeh, Niaz Shah, Ambassador strong, and Kelly McCracken. eral sources of proscriptive and prescrip- Donald J. Planty, Sadiq Reza, Moham- Social Science Research Council (SSRC) Academia in the Public Sphere Program Award

The Role of Islamic Law in the Laws of War and Postconflict Justice Project

n March 2011, INSCT received the ian rules governing conflict and justice Islamic and international law, advance the SSRC prestigious “Academia in the (in the laws of war, human rights law, and public discourse on the subject, and pro- Public Sphere” award to support international criminal law). vide a resource for researchers, students, disseminating two important intel- These products are currently being devel- media professionals, and practitioners from lectual products to U.S. policymak- oped at INSCT with our partner institutes diverse fields to learn from one another, Iers, other practitioners, and media: (1.) a (USIP, ISISC) and our extended network develop networks of understanding, and Declaration of Principles & Guidelines on of participating scholars, practitioners, create new ideas and projects. the Shari’a, Laws of War, and Postconflict theologians, journalists, human rights ad- Justice; and (2.) an interactive online vocates, international lawyers, and thought portal exploring the compatibility between leaders. The purpose of both products is to Islamic notions of justice and humanitar- raise the visibility of this rapport between

17 New Battlefields, Old Laws

Stimulating global dialogue in pursuit of a comprehensive and adaptive set of international laws regulating armed conflict

ew Battlefields/Old Laws Each September INSCT hosts a panel is designed to foster discussion at the International Institute informed reflection and for Counter-Terrorism’s (ICT) annual debate on international international conference, Terrorism’s humanitarian law (IHL) as Global Impact, in Herzliya, Israel. In Napplied in 21st century conflict. Nei- addition to the multiple scholarly essays ther the Hague Rules, the 1949 Geneva panelists have produced, adapted from Conventions and its Additional Protocols, their lectures, INSCT has published the nor customary law adequately account analytical insights from several of the for now common trends on contempo- workshops in New Battlefields/Old Laws: rary battlefields: prevalent nonstate Critical Debates on Asymmetric Warfare. armed forces, asymmetric tactics that use forbidden practices, such as targeting Panel Discussions: civilians, to gain an edge against militar- Shaping A Legal Framework For ily stronger adversaries, prolonged cam- Counterinsurgency, September 2010, paigns by transnational terrorist cells, ICT World Summit on Counterterrorism, New Book Released including conventional attacks against a Herzliya, Israel. Panelists included: Wil- state. In failing to address these aspects, liam Banks, Boaz Ganor, Geoff Corn, Eric In October 2011, New Battle- traditional humanitarian law fails to Jenson, Greg Rose, Evan Criddle, Daphné fields/Old Laws: Critical Debates cover now dominant forms of warfare. Richemond-Barak, and Corri Zoli. on Asymmetric Warfare, edited by The result is all too familiar: defend- Converging Paradigms in Asym- William. C. Banks was released. ing states are left with little guidance metric Warfare, September 2009, Attuned to the contested nature for lawfully combatting new adversaries Panelists included: William Banks, Geoff of post-9/11 security and policy, or their tactics, incurring criticism for Corn, Eric Jenson, Abraham D. Sofaer, this collection juxtaposes diverse violating norms that do not accommodate Daphné Richemond-Barak, Keli Perrin, perspectives on existing laws and the nature of the conflict. Apart from and Corri Zoli. their application in contemporary legal and normative understandings, the State Conflicts with Nonstate conflict. It sets forth a legal definition tendency of insurgent groups to oper- Actors: Reconceptualizing Duties of new wars, describes the status of ate from within civilian communities and Liabilities, September 2008, new actors, charts the evolution of presents significant strategic and tactical Panelists included: William Banks, Greg the twenty-first-century battlefield, challenges for states and citizens that are Rose, Col. Daniel Reisner, Geoff Corn, and balances humanitarian priorities the victims of such attacks. An interna- Daphné Richemond-Barak, Keli Perrin, with military necessity. tional team of scholars and practitioners Emanuel Gross, Hilly Moodrick–Even grapples with these considerable chal- Khen, and Boaz Ganor. lenges as participants in INSCT-support- ed international workshops, symposia, and publications.

18 Building Community Resilience

Building adaptive capacity within governments and local communities to address natural and man-made security challenges

omeland security depends responsibilities in the event of a Research Fellow Corri Zoli is a co- on our community’s resil- community-disrupting event. author on the report. ience to bounce back after »» Enhancing regional resilience: »» Developing an analytical framework a natural or man-made INSCT researchers are analyzing for assessing community resilience: disaster. This resilience intrastate mutual aid systems and INSCT researchers are focused His achieved through a network of public compacts in all 50 states to assess on identifying the way in which sector efforts (law enforcement, intel- the state-of-play and identify best resilient systems are understood ligence, the military, emergency manage- practices. across multiple disciplines (social ment and public health) but hinges on »» Assessing critical infrastructure sciences, engineering, biology) in a participation of the private sector and resilience: Syracuse University policy context. Prof. Pat Longstaff an active populus. The Department of researchers conducted a from the Newhouse School, Syracuse Homeland Security (DHS) is now intently comparative validation study of University, is a key contributor in exploring how to foster resilient commu- the Department of Homeland this area. Also, INSCT regularly nities. INSCT contributes to that effort, Security (DHS) sponsored Critical collaborates with The Community approaching the problem from a variety Infrastructure Protection Decision and Regional Resilience Institute of perspectives. Support System (CIPDSS) to offer (CARRI), a consortium of experts »» Fostering individual resilience: In an interdisciplinary and systems- and academics supported by DHS, in collaboration with the Campbell level understanding of resilience. an effort to develop assessment tools Institute, Maxwell School of The results were reported in “Baton for measuring community resilience. Citizenship and Public Affairs, Rouge Post-Katrina: The Role of INSCT is studying individuals’ and Critical Infrastructure Modeling families’ understanding of their in Promoting Resilience.” INSCT

Compensating Victims of Terrorism Mapping Global Insecurity (MGI) Developing a national policy for compensating victims of terrorism through research The MGI project analyzes un- and dialogue with an interdisciplinary team of practitioners and academics governed geographic areas defined by alternative governance— illicit authority structures, prevalent drug and weapons networks, a density of Following the 9/11 attacks, Congress the 9/11 Compensation Fund to begin criminals, warlords, and terrorist promptly passed victim compensation work on a blueprint for the Federal Gov- organizations, certain geographical legislation to address the social, political, ernment in the event of another attack. features, among other indicators. and economic needs of the nation. One The resulting workshop report discusses Professor William Banks discussed consequence of Congress’s expeditious the principal components of future na- these issues in a National Strategy provision of a compensation fund was tional efforts to compensate the victims Forum lecture in November 2010 at that important policy decisions regarding of terrorist attacks and is available on the the Standard Club, Chicago, Illinois. victim compensation were made with- INSCT website. INSCT is also working His talk, “Black Spots: Identifying out much public participation or careful to capture and archive the institutional Growth Areas for Terrorist Cells debate and in the context of the federal memory and perspectives of practitioners and How to Combat Them”, may government’s effort to save the airline involved in victim compensation. This be viewed on the INSCT or C-Span industry. Whatever the success of the 9/11 year INSCT hosted Deborah Greenspan, websites. This project, co-sponsored Fund, few argue that an after-the-fact who serves as Deputy Special Master of by the Moynihan Institute at the scheme is the best way to address the the 9/11 Fund and Don Migliori, SUCOL Maxwell School, has been supported important issues related to compensating ’93, an attorney who worked on behalf of by a 2009 Chancellor’s Leadership victims of terrorism. families in the 9/11 Fund and in litigating Award. In October 2010, INSCT assembled against the airline industry. academics and practitioners involved in

19 Cybersecurity

Balancing anonymity and attribution in cybersecurity policy

uring the 2010-2011 aca- hosted a four-part series of luncheon demic year, INSCT engaged discussions, each week pairing a law/pol- scholars and practitioners icy expert with a technical/engineering to analyze the law and poli- expert to discuss key issues in securing cy issues related to reducing cyberspace. The Cyber Dialogue Series: Dinternet anonymity, which is understood Promise & Risk: National Security and by many experts as the key factor in re- the Digital Infrastructure was co-spon- ducing cybercrime and security breaches. sored by the Center for Information and In September 2010, INSCT hosted Systems Assurance and Trust (CISAT), a Cyber Roundtable to comment on the and the topics and participants were as Obama administration’s recently released follows: National Strategy for Trusted Identities »» The Bit Stops Here: in Cyberspace (NSTIC). The Roundtable Accountability Mechanisms in included professors from five colleges Cyberspace at Syracuse University and the private Shiu-Kai Chin, LC Smith College of sector. Participants included: William Engineering and Computer Science, »» Macy Cronkrite and Jeffrey C. Banks, College of Law; Shiu-Kai Chin, Syracuse University; Lisa Dolak, Keesom, U.S. Department of LC Smith College of Engineering and Angela S. Cooney Professor of Law, Homeland Security Career Computer Science; Kevin Du, LC Smith College of Law, Syracuse University Development Fellows. College of Engineering and Computer »» National Strategy for Trusted Science; Lisa A. Dolak, College of Law; Identities in Cyberspace: »» Internet Governance: Who's in Randy Elder, Whitman School of Man- Securing the Internet or Charge? agement; David M. Rubin, S.I. Newhouse Attacking Civil Liberties? Brian White, Director, The Chertoff School of Public Communications; Wil- Macy Cronkrite and Jeffrey Group, Former Counselor to the liam Snyder, College of Law; Jeffrey M. Keesom, U.S. Department of Deputy Secretary, Department of Stanton, School of Information Studies; Homeland Security Career Homeland Security and representatives from J.P. Morgan Development Fellows Chase. A video of the event is avail- »» Anonymity in Cyberspace: able on the INSCT website. Following Promoter of Democracy or the discussion, Visiting Law Professor Shield for Criminals? William Snyder compiled the comments William Snyder, College of Law, and submitted them to the Department Syracuse University; Kevin Du, of Commerce pursuant to its request for LC Smith College of Engineering public comment on the NSTIC. and Computer Science, Syracuse During March and April 2011, INSCT University

20 From Battlefield to Classroom: Designing Pathways to Engineering for American GIs

Serving those who serve the nation

ith generous support tions of GIs’ educational goals, needs, and »» March 14-15, 2011, “From Battlefield from the National aspirations, and that universities prepare to Classroom: Findings,” Engineering Science Foundation for supporting veterans in these educa- Education and Centers Division of (NSF) and in tional endeavors. the Directorate for Engineering of the collaboration with Through interviews with over 200 National Science Foundation, Reston, theW LC Smith College of Engineering and military service persons (active duty and Virginia. Computer Science, this project focuses veterans) and a national survey of 10,000 »» White Paper: From Battlefield to on military servicepersons and veterans’ veterans, INSCT will produce a detailed Classroom: Findings, Barriers, education aspirations and maximizing account of servicepersons’ aspirations, & Pathways to Engineering for servicepersons’ talent for universities. needs, concerns, expectations, and hopes, US Servicemembers,” Dean One critical challenge of war is to particularly as veterans transition from Laura Steinberg, LCS College of resettle veterans of the armed forces into active duty to higher education contexts Engineering & Computer Science, productive civilian roles and professions. and as these academic contexts define Corri Zoli, INSCT Research Fellow, Such an obligation repays soldiers for partnerships to guide them toward pro- and Nick Armstrong, INSCT their service and sacrifice. The Post-9/11 fessional development. Research Fellow. GI Bill, whose benefits began August 1, Significant milestones in this project 2009, offers the most comprehensive include: education benefits package for veterans »» January 26, 2011, National and dependents since the original GI Science Foundation (NSF) invited Bill of 1944. Many GIs may emerge from lecture, “From Battlefield to their military experiences with skill sets Classroom: Findings, Barriers, pitched toward technical fields, creat- & Pathways to Engineering for ing an opportunity for this group to be US Servicemembers,” Dean instrumental in our nation’s now urgent Laura Steinberg, LCS College of need for future scientists and engi- Engineering & Computer Science neers. It is imperative that planning and and Corri Zoli, INSCT Research implementation for the influx of GIs into Fellow. academia hinge upon accurate projec-

21 Additional Contributions to the Field

In addition to INSCT’s main research projects, faculty and students engage in research and partnership outreach on specific topics.

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Working Group Co-sponsored with the Standing Committee on Law & National Security (SCOLANS) of the American Bar As- sociation (ABA), this working group is developing recommendations to revise FISA. William Banks participated in a June 2010, initial roundtable for high-level experts for a structured workshop on the future of FISA. Changes in technology, threats, and law today raise questions about whether the existing framework for conducting electronic surveillance under FISA suffices. Counterintel- ligence and terrorist targets are communicating in ways that make FISA unwieldy, with the loca- tion of the target often difficult or impossible to determine. Yet, more Americans than ever are engaged in international communications. Both circumstances increase the likelihood of government intercep- tion of communications by innocent Americans, raising questions about the adequacy of the FISA safeguards. The key question regarding program- matic surveillance not adequately ad- dressed is how the government can best ensure that it is able to access Assessing Effective Peacebuilding the communications of those who Sponsored by the United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office (PBSO), INSCT is wish to do us harm while appro- developing a project to produce background research and qualitative assessment tools priately safeguarding the privacy to guide PBSO project evaluations, including testimonials from trained field staff and of law-abiding persons inside the personnel, to better understand—and measure—the concrete impacts of peacebuilding United States. programs.

Patterns of Conduct: Libyan Regime Support for and Involvement in Acts of Terrorism (April 2011) INSCT Fellows Corri Zoli and Shani Ross produced this report providing a brief history and outline of documented examples of Libyan support, funding, and involve- ment in acts of terrorism and related international humanitarian and human rights violations over the course of Colonel Mu’ammar al-Qadhafi’s forty years of leadership. Sahar Azar, INSCT Research Assistant and J.D. candidate played a significant role in the research and writing.

22 Student Research Student Association on Terrorism and Security Analysis Since its establishment, INSCT has contributed to efforts in homeland (SATSA) security through MPA workshops con- ducted for the House of Representatives Homeland Security Committee and D.C. -based think tanks under the leadership of Professor Banks. In the summer of 2010, seven MPA students, under the guidance of William Banks, worked with the New America Foundation (NAF) and Peter Bergen to prepare a report on federal prosecutions of Islamist terrorists in U.S. courts. The students created a database of all the known Islamist terrorism cases in the United States since 9/11. This database was published by the New America Foundation’s Counterterrorism Strategy Initiative. The database is available on both the NAF and INSCT websites. Previ- ous projects include: 2009: “Integrating USAID and DOS: The Future of Development and Diplo- macy.” The report was prepared in col- laboration with The Project on National Security Reform (PNSR) Issue Team. 2008: “Securing America's Passen- ger Rails: Analyzing Current Challenges and Future Solutions.” Prepared for the »» A SATSA brownbag event with Prof. David M. Crane who discussed House Homeland Security Committee. “Targeting Terrorists: Legal Aspects of Operation Geronimo.” 2007: “Chemical Security in New Jer- sey: An Overview of Planning, Information Sharing, and Response.” Prepared for the House Homeland Security Committee. The Student Association on Terror- during which students from multiple 2006: “Are We Ready: A Practical ism and Security Analysis (SATSA) is universities are invited to present their Examination of the Strategic National an interdisciplinary graduate student research and have their papers pub- Stockpile in Response to Public Health association dedicated to the critical lished in SATSA’s Journal on Terrorism Crises.” Prepared for the House Home- analysis of terrorism, counterterrorism and Security Analysis. The group also land Security Committee. policy, and national and international maintains an organizational website 2005: “Legal Controls on Explosive security issues. Now in its seventh (satsa.us). INSCT is a proud sponsor Materials.” Their report was used by the year, SATSA has more than 100 student of SATSA, providing administrative House Homeland Security Committee in members from a wide range of disci- and advisory support for its events. drafting H.R. 3197, the Secure Handling plines. SATSA sponsors lectures and of Ammonium Nitrate Act of 2006. debates by outside experts, SU fac- ulty, and students. It also organizes an annual spring student conference

23 The Rise of the Drones

Exploring the legal justifications for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to target enemies, including al-Qa’ida and Taliban operatives, in various locations around the world.

he U.S. decision after Septem- gal rules reflects the changing nature Government Reform Subcommittee ber 11 to use drones to target of asymmetric warfare in which states on National Security second hearing and kill al-Qa’ida and Taliban now find themselves engaged in military on the legality of drones and operatives in Afghanistan was conflicts with nonstate armed groups, unmanned targeting: Testimony a significant departure from conflicts not the subject of the extensive included remarks from: Kenneth Tits previous use of such aircraft. international framework for warfare Anderson, American University, Until 2002 drones had been used negotiated after the World Wars. Washington College of Law; Mary for surveillance, with lethal force carried Activities include: Ellen O’Connell, University of out by ground troops or manned aircraft. »» April 14-15 2011, INSCT Director Notre Dame Law School; David In response to the escalating terrorism William C. Banks “Wisdom and Glazier, Loyola Law School, threat, new elements of the U.S. targeted Legality: Armed Drones over Los Angeles; William C. Banks, killing policy began to emerge. Contem- Pakistan and Yemen,” National Institute for National Security porary laws have not kept up with the dy- Security since 9/11— New Norms and Counterterrorism, Syracuse namics of targeted killing, where relevant for a New Decade? Duke University, University. spheres of authority regularly overlap: Durham, NC. the laws of the United States (constitu- »» February 24, 2011, Drones, Remote tional, statutory, executive, and custom- Targeting, and the Promise of Law: ary), international laws (treaty-based and William C. Banks invited panelist, customary), and international humanitar- “Drones and the Law of War,” New ian law (a subset of international law that America Foundation, Washington, DC. applies during armed conflicts). »» April 28, 2010, The House The lack of consensus on the le- Committee on Oversight and

Students and Drones: SATSA Panel Colin O’Hara MPA ’11, Sarabeth Smith, JD/PD ’11, Daniel DePetris, B.A. Pol.S ’11 formed a graduate student panel addressing law and policy issues related to the United States’ use of unmanned aerial vehicles at SATSA’s 7th Annual Conference on National & International Security in April 2011.

24 Journal of National Security Law & Policy

Prof. William C. Banks is the new Two journal editions were published as Editor-In-Chief of the nation’s only peer- part of Volume Three in 2009, as well as reviewed journal devoted exclusively two editions in Volume Four. The latter is to national security law and policy. The the journal’s first themed issue, focused journal is co-sponsored by the University exclusively on cybersecurity. of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, Additionally, the Journal has under- and is produced by its Capital Center for taken new advertising and promotional Public Law & Policy. efforts by developing strategic print and The Journal's mission is to publish online advertising partnerships with a rigorous analytical thinking about the number of peer publications. greatest challenges facing the nation and contribute to the formulation of fair, credible solutions that balance our need »» For more information about the for liberty and security. The Journal is Journal, visit the new website at: published both online and in print, and is jnslp.com. among the most frequently cited peer- reviewed journals relating to law. In 2009, the Journal launched a rede- signed print publication and a brand new website, hosted at www.jnslp.com. The new website features all of the journal ar- ticles in PDF format, as well as an archive of Robert Chesney’s popular national security law listserv content – available at chesney.jnslp.com.

INSCT Online INSCT Blog Follow us! Event Podcasts

INSCT on Security Students, partners and supporters Not able to attend one of our guest- of INSCT can now follow our work on speaker events? You can now watch a In May 2011, INSCT launched a Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and via podcast of almost all INSCT sponsored Commentary & Analysis blog. INSCT RSS Feeds to read new content first! and co-sponsored events taking place staff and faculty publish short articles Our LinkedIn and Facebook groups on campus. or commentaries that offer current and offer valuable networking opportuni- »» insct.syr.edu/events/video insightful analysis and discussions of ties for alumni and is INSCT’s primary pressing global issues impacting na- means of staying in touch! Please join tional and international security. Issues us today! discussed reflect the expertise and re- »» twitter.com/insct search interests of the contributors and »» facebook.com/insct INSCT’s interdisciplinary approach to research. We welcome you to comment on the posts and offer your critique of the discussion and issues! »» insct.org/commentary- analysis/

25 Events 2010-2011

INSCT sponsors and co-sponsors a range of educational events to supplement classroom learning and promote an innovative research agenda.

November 16-18 Fall Semester 2010 »» U.S. Army Peacekeeping and March 31 Stability Operations Institute »» “Anonymity in Cyberspace: September 3 (PKSOI) Conference - Carlisle Promoter of Democracy or Shield »» Cyber Roundtable: Recommendations Barracks, Pennsylvania for Criminals?” - William Snyder, for the National Strategy for Trusted SU College of Law; Kevin Du, L.C. Identities in Cyberspace Spring Semester 2011 Smith College of Engineering September 14 April 12 »» “New Battlefields/Old Laws: February 10 »» “Building Capacity and Legitimacy Shaping a Legal Framework for »» “Evolvement and Institutionalization in the Afghan Security Forces: Counterinsurgency” - Workshop of a Culture of Conflict” - Daniel Recent Experiences of the 10th presented at World Summit on Bar-Tal, Tel Aviv University Mountain Division in Afghanistan” Counter-Terrorism, International - Everett Lecture Series Institute for Counter Terrorism, February 11 Herzylia, Israel »» “The 2010 National Security April 14 Strategy: Implications for U.S. »» “Power, Norms, and Time: September 24 Defense Policy, National Intelligence Analytical Perspectives of the »» InfraGard Conference on and Military Operations” - Vice Israeli-Palestinian Impasse” - Ehud Cybersecurity Admiral Robert B. Murrett, U.S. Eiran, International Security Navy, ret. Program, Harvard University September 27 »» “God Grew Tired of Us” - PCR February 18 April 18 Movie Night with John Dau »» “Domestic Surveillance: The »» “Gitmo Lawsuits After Boumediene: Technical and Legal Context” Where Do Things Stand?” - September 30 - Abraham Wagner, Saltzman Stephen Vladeck, Professor of Law, »» “The Response” - SU Human Rights Institute of War and Peace Studies American University Film Festival March 3 April 18 October 18 »» “A More Perfect Military: How »» INSCT Certificate Awards Reception »» “The Power of Hope” - PCR Movie the Constitution Can Make Our Night with Gabriel Bol Deng Military Stronger” - Diane H. April 21 Mazur, Professor of Law, University »» “Internet Governance: Who’s in of Florida October 15-16 Charge?” - Brian White, Director, »» Victims Compensation Workshop The Chertoff Group March 10 »» “The Bit Stops Here: Accountability November 4 Mechanisms in Cyberspace” - Shiu- » » INSCT Alumni Reception - Kai Chin, L.C. Smith College of Greenberg House, Washington, DC Engineering, SU; Lisa Dolak, SU College of Law November 5 »» Postconflict Justice and Islam March 24 Workshop - United States Institute of »» “National Strategy for Trusted Peace, Washington, D.C. Identities in Cyberspace: Security the Internet or Attacking Civil Liberties?” - Macy Cronkrite and Jeffrey Keesom, DHS Fellows

26 Faculty/Staff Research

Following is a listing of works published during the 2010-2011 academic year.

Nicholas Armstrong University Press. 2011 (edited Professor Michael Barkun (INSCT Research Fellow) volume, two chapters contributed). (Political Science) Book Chapters Honor »» “Forward.” In Making Sense Book »» U.S. Army as a Peacekeeping and of Proxy Wars. Michael Innes. »» Chasing Phantoms: Reality, Stability Operations Institute Potomac Books, Inc. 2011. Imagination, and Homeland Security Fellow, December 1, 2010 through Since 9/11. Chapel Hill: The University October 30, 2012 »» “The United States a Decade after of North Carolina Press. 2011. September 11.” In Global Anti- Monograph Terrorism Law and Policy, 2nd ed. Book Chapter »» “Harnessing Post-Conflict Ramraj, Victor, Michael Hor, and »» “The Fourth Terrorism Wave: Is Transitions: A Conceptual Primer.” Kent Roach, editors. Cambridge There a Religious Exception?” (2010) Carlisle, PA: Strategic University Press. Cambridge, UK. In Terrorism, Identity and Studies Institute, U.S. Army war Forthcoming 2011. Legitimacy: The Four Waves College (with J. Chura-Beaver). Theory and Political Violence. »» “Exceptional Courts in Jean E. Rosenfield, ed. New York: Article Counterterrorism: Lessons from the Routledge. Pp 93-102. 2011. »» “Post 9-11 Stability Operations: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance How U.S. Army Doctrine is Shaping Act (FISA).” In Guantanamo Professor David Crane (Law) National Security Strategy.” (2010) and Beyond: Exceptional Courts and Military Commissions in PRISM Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1 (with Honor C. Zoli). Comparative and Policy Perspective. Gross, Oren and Ni Aolain »» Honorable Mention, Leadership Award, Section of International Law, Op-Ed Fionnuala, editors. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK. American Bar Association. 2010. »» “For Profits Unprofitable for GIs: Forthcoming 2011. Why Taxpayers Should Prohibit Use Edited Book of Post 9-11 GI Bill Funding on ‘For- »» “New Battlefields/Old Laws.” In »» Proceedings of the Third Profit’ Education.” The Huffington The Global Impact of Terrorism International Humanitarian Law Post, March 10, 2011 (with L. 2008. Dr. Boaz Ganor and Dr. Eitan Dialogs: Studies in Transitional Legal Steinberg and C. Zoli). Azani, editors. The International Policy, No. 41. Elizabeth Anderson Institute for Counter-Terrorism, The and David M. Crane, eds. 2010. Professor William C. Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Banks (Law and Public Israel. 2010. Book Chapter »» “Understanding Crimes Against Administration): Humanity in West Africa: Giving the People what They Want.” In Books and Monographs Mass Atrocity Crimes: Preventing »» New Battlefields/Old Laws: Critical Future Outrages. Robert I. Rotberg, Debates from the Hague Convention ed. Washington DC: Brookings to Asymmetric Warfare. Columbia Institution Press. Pp 69-88. 2010. 27 Professor Renée de Nevers The Middle East Review of Law Review Article International Affairs. Vol. 14, No. »» “The Spirit of Nuremberg and (Public Administration and 3. September 2010. Henry T. King Jr.” 60 Case W. Res. International Affairs) Law Rev. 3. 2010. Award: Honor »» 2010 Honorary Recipient for Excellence in Teaching, Professor Evan Criddle (Law) »» Fulbright Scholar, Grantee to International Relations Graduate Russian Federation (European Program, Syracuse University, University in St. Petersburg) 2011. Articles Syracuse, New York. »» “Proportionality in Counterinsurgency: A Relational Articles Theory.” 87 Notre Dame Law »» “The Effectiveness of Self- Louis Kriesberg, Professor Review. (forthcoming) Regulation for the Private Security Emeritus (Sociology) Industry.” Journal of Public Policy, Vol. 30, No. 2. 2010. »» “When Delegation Begets Book Chapters: Domination: Due Process in the »» “Conflict Resolution as a Fields.” Administrative State.” 46 Georgia »» “Military Contractors and the In The International Studies Law Review. (forthcoming) American way of War.” Daedalus. Encyclopedia. Robert A. Denemark, Forthcoming 2011. Ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 2010. »» “Interest Balancing vs. Fiduciary Duty: Two Models for National Professor Tara Helfman »» “Conflict Phases.” In The Oxford Security Law. 12 German Law International Encyclopedia of Journal. (forthcoming) (Law) Peace. Nigel Young, ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, Vol. 1, »» “Interest Balancing vs. Fiduciary Book Chapter pp. 399-403. 2010. Duty: Two Models for National »» “Commerce on Trial: Neutral Rights Security Law. Ruptures in and Private Warfare in the Seven »» “Conflict Resolution: Overview.” International Law, a special Years’ War.” In Trade and War: In The Oxford International issue of European Society of The Neutrality of Commerce in Encyclopedia of Peace. Nigel Young, International Law (with Evan Fox- the Inter-State System. Helsinki ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Decent). Forthcoming. Institute for Advanced Studies. Full Press, Vol. 1, pp. 427-431. 2010. text is available online at http:// »» “Human Rights, Emergencies, www.helsinki.fi/collegium/e-series/ »» “Constructive Conflict.” The Oxford and the Rule of Law.” 34 Human volumes/volume_10/index.htm International Encyclopedia of Rights Quarterly (with Evan Fox- Peace. Nigel Young, ed. Oxford, Decent). Forthcoming. Article UK: Oxford University Press, Vol. 1, »» “Terrorism and Piracy: the New pp. 476-479. 2010. Professor Bruce Dayton Alliance.” with Dan O’Shea in Commentary Magazine. February »» “Interlocking Conflicts.” InThe (Political Science/ 2011 (with Dan O’Shea). Oxford International Encyclopedia International Relations) of Peace. Nigel Young, ed. Oxford, Professor Isaac Kfir UK: Oxford University Press, Vol. II, pp. 430-433. 2010. Book Chapter (International Relations/ »» “Track Two Diplomacy and Law) »» “Intractable Conflicts.” In The the Transfer of Peacebuilding Oxford International Encyclopedia Capacity.” In Transnational Book Chapter: of Peace. Nigel Young, ed. Oxford, Transfers and Global Development. UK: Oxford University Press, Vol. II, »» “U.S. Policy Towards Afghanistan Stuart Brown, ed. New York: pp. 486-490. 2010. Palgrave MacMillan. Forthcoming. and Pakistan.” In Kim Ezra Sheinbaum (Ed.), Can America »» “The Changing State-of-Art in Maintain Its Political, Military, and Article Conflict Transformation.” In Economic Preeminence? Sixteen »» “The Social Psychology of Identity Berghof Handbook for Conflict Key Challenges, Edwin Mellen and Intergroup Conflict: From Transformation. Martina Press. April 2011. Theory to Practice.” International Fischer, Hans J. Giessmann Studies Perspective. Forthcoming. Article: and Beatrix Schmelzle, ed. Berghof Forschungszentrum fur »» “Is There Any Hope for Konstrucktive Konfliktbearbeitung Peacebuilding in Afghanistan.”

28 and Barbara Budrich Publishers, Journal of Public Administration Professor Robert Rubinstein Berlin. 2011. Research and Theory (J-PART). Minnowbrook III: A Special Issue, (Anthropology) Article: Special Issue Editors: Beth Gazley »» “A Conversation between Conflict and David M. Van Slyke. Vol. 21, Awards: Resolution and Social Movement Supplement 1, pp. 157-173. January »» 2010 Robert B. Textor and Family Scholars.” Conflict Resolution 2011 (with K. Isett, K. LeRoux, P. Prize for Excellence in Anticipatory Quarterly, Vol. 27, pp. 347-368 (with Mischen, and K. Rethemeyer). Anthroplogy. American Beth Roy and John Burdick) 2010. Anthropological Association, »» “The use of social media to Washington, DC. dissolve knowledge silos in Professor Ines Mergel government.” In The Future of »» 2010 Chancellor’s Citation for (Public Administration and Public Administration, Public Faculty Excellence and Scholarly Management and Public Service Distinction, Syracuse University, International Affairs) Around the World. R. O’Leary, S. Syracuse, New York. Kim, and D.M. Van Slyke, editors. Honor: The Minnowbrook Perspective, Articles: »» Article, “Government 2.0 Revisited: Georgetown University Press. Pp »» “Peacekeeping and the Return of Social Media Strategies in the 177-187. 2010. Imperial Policing.” International Public Sector” – received ASPA’s PA Peacekeeping 17(4):459-472. 2010 Times Best Article of 2010 Award. »» “Technology and Public Management Information Systems: »» “Back to the Future? Peacekeeping Book Chapter: Where have we been and where are and Imperial Policing.” SAREM »» “Participation 2.0: Using Internet and we going.” In The State of Public Journal of Strategic Studies, Social Media Technologies to Promote Administration: Issues, Problems 8(15):11-31. 2010 Distributed Democracy and Create and Challenges. D.C. Menzel Digital Neighborhoods.” In White and H.J. White. New York: M.E. »» “Training Students for Paper: Promoting Citizen Engagement Sharpe Inc. pp 187-203 (with S.I. Anthropologically-oriented Policy and Community Building. James H. Bretschneider) 2010. Research.” Society for Applied Svara and Janet V. Denhardt, eds. Anthropology News 21(2): 37-40. Phoenix, AZ: Alliance for Innovation. »» “Market Analysis of “Social Network 2010 (with Sandra D. Lane) Pp 80-87, 2010. Analysis.” In Network Research. Stegbauer and Haeussling. VS Chapters: Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Articles: »» “Ralph Bunche,” In Oxford Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden »» “Using Wikis in Government: Encyclopedia of Peace, Volume 1, GmbH, pp. 931-939 (with M. A Guide for Public Managers.” N. Young, ed., Oxford, UK: Oxford Hennig). 2010. IBM Center for The Business of University Press, pp. 220- 222. 2010 Government. Forthcoming. »» “Government 2.0 Revisited: Social »» “Culture of Peacekeeping,” In Media Strategies in the Public Sector.” »» “Searching for answers: Networks Oxford Encyclopedia of Peace, PA Times. American Society for of practice among public Volume 1, N. Young, ed., Oxford, Public Administration, Vol. 33, No. 3, administrators.” In The American UK: Oxford University Press, pp. p. 7-10. 2010 (with T. Nabatchi). Review of Public Administration. 528- 529. 2010 Online publication. March 21, 2011. DOI: 10.1177/0275074011398956. Professor Christopher »» “Peacekeeping: Unintended Consequences,” In Oxford »» “Toward Open Public Rohlfs (Economics) Encyclopedia of Peace, Volume 3, Administration Scholarship.” N. Young, ed., Oxford, UK: Oxford »» “Optimal Bail and the Value of Journal of Public Administration University Press, pp. 405-406. 2010 Research and Theory (J-PART). Freedom: Evidence from the Philadelphia Bail Experiment.” Minnowbrook III: A Special Issue, »» “Peacekeeping: Integrated Missions Economic Inquiry (with David S. Special Issue Editors: Beth Gazley and Humanitarian Role,” In Oxford Abrams). forthcoming and David M. Van Slyke. Vol. 21, Encyclopedia of Peace, Volume 3, Supplement 1, pp. 175-198. January N. Young, ed., Oxford, UK: Oxford 2011 (with C. Schweik, I. Sanford, University Press, pp. 397-399. 2010 and J. Zhao).

»» “Networks in Public Administration Scholarship: Understanding where we are and where we need to go.” 29 Professor Brian Taylor Frederickson, and William Harry Corri Zoli (INSCT (Political Science) Lambright) 2010. Research Assistant »» “Making Public Administration Professor) Honor: Scholarship Matter.” In The Future »» Fulbright Scholarship, St. of Public Administration Around Articles and Book Chapters: Petersburg, Russia. 2011. the World: The Minnowbrook »» Corri Zoli and Nick Armstrong (2010), Perspective. R. O’Leary, D. M. Van “Post 9-11 Stability Operations: Book: Slyke and S. Kim, eds. Georgetown How US Army Doctrine is Shaping »» State Building in Putin’s Russia: University Press, pp. 249-254. National Security Strategy,” PRISM Coercion and Policing After 2010. Journal, 2(1): 101-120. Communism. Cambridge University Press, 2011. »» “Conclusion: Challenges and »» Corri Zoli, Humanizing Irregular Opportunities, Cross-Cutting Warfare: Framing Compliance for Themes and Thoughts on the Professor David Van Slyke Nonstate Armed Groups at the Future of Public Administration.” Intersection of Security and Legal (Public Administration and In Kim, The Future of Public Analyses” in William C. Banks, ed., Administration Around the World: International Affairs) New Battlefields/Old Laws: Critical The Minnowbrook Perspective. R. Debates in Asymmetric Warfare O’Leary, D. M. Van Slyke and S. (Columbia University Press, 2011). Honor: Kim, eds. Georgetown University »» Inducted as a Fellow of the National Press, pp. 281-294 (with R. O’Leary »» Laura Steinberg, Nicholas Santella, Academy of Public Administration, and S. Kim). 2010. November 18, 2010. and Corri Zoli, “Baton Rouge Post-Katrina: The Role of Critical Articles: Infrastructure Modeling in Books/Monographs: »» “Contracting for Complex Products.” Promoting Resilience,” Homeland »» The Future of Public Administration Journal of Public Administration Security Affairs 7(7): 1-34. Around the World: The Research and Theory, Minnowbrook Perspective. 20(Supplement 1): 41-58 (with T. L. Reports, White Papers, and Book Reviews Georgetown University Press. Brown and M. Potoski). 2010. (edited with Rosemary O’Leary and »» Corri Zoli, Sahar Azar, and Shani Ross, Patterns of Conduct: Soonhee Kim) 2010. »» “Governing on the Edges: Globalization Libyan Regime Support for and of Production and the Challenge to Involvement in Acts of Terrorism »» “Future of Public Administration Public Administration in the 21st (April 2011), Prepared for M. in 2020.” Public Administration Century.” Public Administration Cherif Bassiouni, Chair, UNHRC Review, Special Issue Symposium, Review, Special Issue Symposium, 70 Commission of Inquiry into Human 70 (Supplement 1): s100-s113 (edited (Supplement 1):s33-s45 (with George Rights Violations in Libya. with Rosemary O’Leary). 2010. Abonyi). 2010.

»» Laura Steinberg, Corri Zoli, and Book Chapters »» “The Future of Public Nick Armstrong, White Paper: From »» “Accountability Challenges in Administration: New Opportunities, Battlefield to Classroom: Findings, Public Sector Contracting for Directions, and Strategies for Barriers, & Pathways to Engineering Complex Products.” In Accountable Results.” Public Administration for US Servicemembers (Jan. 2011). Governance: Problems and Review, Special Issue Symposium, Promises. George Frederickson 70 (Supplement 1): s5-s11. (with »» Corri Zoli, Book Review, “Stephen and Melvin Dubnick, editors. M.E. Rosemary O’Leary). 2010. Sharpe Publishers, pp. 42-54. (with Vertigans, Militant Islam: A Sociology of Characteristics, Causes, Trevor L. Brown and Matthew »» “The Energy of Minnowbrook III: and Consequences” (Routledge, Potoski) 2011. Editors’ Introduction.” Journal of 2009). Public Administration Research »» “Introduction: The Legacy of and Theory, Special Issue Minnowbrook.” In The Future Symposium, 21(Supplement 1): i7- Op-Ed of Public Administration Around i12. (with Beth Gazley). 2011. »» “For Profits Unprofitable for GIs: the World: The Minnowbrook Why Taxpayers Should Prohibit Use Perspective. Rosemary O’Leary, »» “The Future of Public of Post 9-11 GI Bill Funding on ‘For- David M. Van Slyke, and Soonhee Administration: Critiques from Profit’ Education.” The Huffington Kim, eds. Georgetown University the Minnowbrook III conference.” Post, March 10, 2011 (with Laura Press, pp. 1-16 (with Soonhee Journal of Public Administration Steinberg and Nick Armstrong). Kim, Rosemary O’Leary, George Research and Theory (with Beth Gazley). 2011.

30 Alumni Spotlight

Sarah Grossman Leonard (COL ‘07, J.D./IR) »» Sarah currently works with Deloitte Consulting in Washington, D.C. She is a recipient of INSCT’s Certificate of Advanced Study (CAS) in Security Studies (‘07).

Brendan Gilbert (COL ‘04) »» Brendan served as a JAG officer with the U.S. Army in Washington, D.C. He is a recipient of INSCT’s Certificate of Law in National Security and Counterterrorism, and worked as trial counsel for Combined/Joint Task Force (CJTF)- 82, Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and NATO’s International Security Assistance Force.

INSCT Alumni Reception »» On Thursday, November 4, 2010, INSCT held a reception and gathering for INSCT alumni at the Greenberg House in Woodley Park, Washington, D.C. to help students and alumni keep in touch with colleagues, meet new alumni, and help build our INSCT alumni network.

31 INSCT.SYR.EDU