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Voz Sobre Ip ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA NACIONAL FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA DE SISTEMAS INTEGRACIÓN DE LOS SERVICIOS DE VOZ SOBRE IP, APLICADO A UN CASO DE ESTUDIO. PROYECTO PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TITULO DE INGENIERO EN INFORMÁTICA CON MENCIÓN EN REDES DE INFORMACIÓN. WILSON RODOLFO ANDOCILLA ANDRADE. [email protected] MARCO VINICIO VALLEJO LÓPEZ. [email protected] DIRECTOR: ING. WILLIAM ANDRADE [email protected] Quito, MARZO 2007 DECLARACIÓN Nosotros, WILSON RODOLFO ANDOCILLA ANDRADE y MARCO VINICIO VALLEJO LÓPEZ, bajo juramento declaramos que el trabajo aquí descrito es de nuestra autoría, que no ha sido previamente presentado para ningún grado o calificación profesional; y, que hemos consultado las referencias bibliográficas que se incluyen en este documento. La Escuela Politécnica Nacional, puede hacer uso de los derechos correspondientes a este trabajo, según lo establecido por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, por su Reglamento, y por la normatividad institucional vigente. Wilson Rodolfo Andocilla Andrade Marco Vinicio Vallejo López CERTIFICACIÓN Por medio de la presente certifico que los señores WILSON RODOLFO ANDOCILLA ANDRADE y MARCO VINICIO VALLEJO LÓPEZ, ha realizado y concluido el proyecto de tesis titulado: “Integración de los servicios de Voz Sobre IP. Aplicado a un caso de estudio”, de acuerdo al Plan de Proyecto de Tesis previamente aprobado por el Consejo Directivo de la Facultad de Ingeniería de Sistemas de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional, bajo mi supervisión. ING. WILLIAM ANDRADE DIRECTOR DEL PROYECTO DEDICATORIA A nuestros padres y familiares, por habernos brindado toda la compresión, tiempo y apoyo incondicional para finalizar con éxito este nuevo reto trazado en nuestras vidas, especial gratitud a nuestras esposas por su paciencia y comprensión y a todas las personas que de una manera desinteresada contribuyeron con su colaboración en la elaboración y conclusión de este proyecto. CONTENIDO RESUMEN i PRESENTACION ii CAPITULO 1 INTRODUCCION A VOZ SOBRE IP 1 1.1 Principios Básicos y Definiciones de Voz sobre IP (Voz sobre IP) 1 1.1.1 Historia y Posicionamiento de VoIP 1 1.1.2 Funcionamiento de VoIP 2 1.1.3 Conocimiento y Difusión de VoIP 3 1.1.4 Factores que Motivan la Demanda en VoIP 5 1.2 Estándares y Protocolos Soportados en VoIP (Voz Sobre IP) 5 1.2.1 Antecedentes 5 1.2.2 Integración de Voz y Datos 6 1.2.3 Motivaciones para el Auge de la VoIP 8 1.2.4 Protocolos Soportados y Utilizados por VoIP 9 1.2.4.1 Protocolo H.323 13 1.2.4.1.1 Importancia del protocolo H.323 16 1.2.4.1.2 Elementos que Intervienen una Red de VoIP con . H.323 17 1.2.4.1.3 Establecimiento de una Llamada con H.323 21 1.2.4.1.4 Ventajas de la Tecnología H.323 23 1.2.4.2 Protocolo SIP 24 1.2.4.2.1 Los Orígenes del Protocolo SIP 26 1.2.4.2.2 Establecimiento de una Llamada con SIP 28 1.2.4.3 Comparación entre SIP y H.323 31 1.3 Factores que Influyen en la Tecnología VoIP (Voz sobre IP) 32 1.3.1 Problemas a Resolver en VoIP 33 1.3.1.1 Retardo o Latencia 33 1.3.1.1.1 Retardo de Propagación 33 1.3.1.1.2 Retardo de Serialización 33 1.3.1.1.3 Retardo de Manejo 34 1.3.1.2 Retardo en la Gestión de Colas 34 1.3.1.3 Fluctuación de Fase (Jitter) 34 1.3.1.4 Eco 34 1.3.1.5 Perdida de Paquetes 35 1.3.1.6 Detección de Actividad de Voz 35 1.3.1.7 Conversión de Digital a Analógico 35 1.3.1.8 Calidad de Servicio (QoS) 36 1.3.2 Ventajas y Desventajas de la Tecnología VoIP 37 1.3.2.1 Ventajas de la Tecnología de VoIP 37 1.3.2.2 Desventajas de la Tecnología de VoIP 39 1.4 Servicios y Aplicaciones que se pueden Integrar en VoIP (Voz sobreIP) 40 1.4.1 Servicio Multimedia en Internet 41 1.4.2 Servicios Adicionales que se pueden brindar al Implementa VoIP 43 CAPITULO 2 RED DE DATOS Y COMUNICACIONES DE MARATHON SPORTS 44 2.1 Situación Actual de los Servicio de Telefonía, Mensajería Red de Datos y Comunicación de Marathon Sports 47 2.1.1 Infraestructura de la Red de Datos 48 2.1.1.1 Infraestructura de la Red LAN 48 2.1.1.2 Infraestructura de la Red WAN 50 2.1.1.3 Infraestructura de la Red de Telefonía (PBX) 53 2.2 Análisis de los Requerimientos de los Servicios de Telefonía, Mensajería y Video Conferencia 55 2.2.1 Requerimientos de Telefonía 55 2.2.2 Requerimientos de Mensajería 56 2.2.3 Requerimientos de Video Conferencia 57 CAPITULO 3 DISEÑO DE LA RED DE VOIP (VOZ SOBRE IP). 58 3.1 Diseño de la Red de VoIP (Voz sobre IP) para Marathon Sports 58 3.1.1 Introducción 58 3.1.2 Metodología PDIOO (Planificación Diseño Implementación Operación y Optimización) 58 3.1.2.1 Planeación 59 3.1.2.2 Diseño 60 3.1.2.3 Implementación 61 3.1.2.4 Operación y Optimización 62 3.1.3 Tipo de Infraestructura que se Pueden Implementar 62 3.1.3.1 Disponibilidad del Servicio 63 3.1.3.2 Tipo de Administración 63 3.2.3.2.1 Sitios Simple (Administración Centralizada) 64 3.2.3.2.2 Múltiples Sitios con Procesador de Llamadas Independientes (Administración Independiente) 65 3.2.3.2.3 Múltiples Sitios Geográficamente Distantes con Control de Llamadas Centralizadas (Administración Centralizada) 66 3.2.3.2.4 Múltiples Sitios Geográficamente Distantes con Control de Llamadas Distribuidas (Administración Distribuida) 67 3.1.4 Opciones de Conexiones Físicas de los Dispositivos 68 3.1.5 Particularización para Marathon Sports 69 3.1.5.1 Organización y Distribución de la Compañía 69 3.1.5.2 Campus Quito 70 3.1.5.3 Oficinas Centrales Quito 71 3.1.5.4 Campus Guayaquil 71 3.1.5.5 Oficinas Centrales Guayaquil 71 3.1.6 Definición del Modelo de Diseño para Marathon Sports 71 3.1.7 Valoración de la Infraestructura Actual 72 3.1.7.1 Infraestructura de la Red LAN y WAN 73 3.1.7.1.1 infraestructura de la Red LAN 73 3.1.7.1.2 Infraestructura de la Red WAN 74 3.1.7.2 Plan de Direccionamiento IP 75 3.1.7.3 Calidad de Servicio 75 3.1.7.4 Protección de Energía 75 3.2 Integración de los Servicios de Telefonía Mensajería y Video Conferencia 76 3.2.1 Análisis de la Distribución Organizacional y Departamental de Marathon Sports 76 3.2.2 Definición de los Roles de los Usuarios 79 3.2.3 Jerarquización de los Usuarios y Departamentos según sus Roles 80 3.2.4 Plan de Direccionamiento IP 81 3.2.5 Plan de Marcación 82 3.2.6 Integración de Mensajería y Video Conferencia 87 3.2.6.1 Integración de Mensajería en Sistemas de VoIP 87 3.2.6.1.1 La Infraestructura en la que se Implementa la Red 88 3.2.6.1.2 Herramientas que Garanticen la Calidad de Servicio (QoS) 90 3.2.6.1.3 Recursos de Medios 92 3.2.6.1.4 Arquitectura del Plan de Marcación 93 3.2.6.1.5 Plataforma del Procesador de Llamadas 96 3.2.6.1.6 Servicios a ser Implementados 97 3.2.6.2 Integración de Video Conferencia en Redes IP 100 3.2.6.3 Tecnologías que permiten realizar Video Conferencias 101 3.2.6.3.1 Red Digital de Servicios Integrados (RSDI) 101 3.2.6.3.2 Video Conferencia Sobre IP 101 3.2.6.3.3 Sistemas de Video Conferencia en Salas Virtuales (VRVS) 102 3.2.6.4 Tipos de Video Conferencia 103 3.2.6.4.1 Video Conferencia Personal (Desktop) 103 3.2.6.4.2 Video Conferencia para Grupos 104 3.2.6.4.3 Multiconferencia 105 3.2.6.5 Particularización para Marathon Sports 106 3.3 Especificaciones de Equipos Componentes y Anchos de Banda 106 3.3.1 Nivel de Cliente 107 3.3.2 Nivel de Infraestructura 107 3.3.3 Nivel de Procesamiento de Llamadas 108 3.3.4 Nivel de Aplicación 108 3.3.5 Equipos Propuestos para Implementar VoIP en Marathon Sports 109 3.3.5.1 Mensajería Unificada 109 3.3.5.2 Servidor de Procesamiento de Llamadas, Gateway 109 3.3.5.3 Teléfonos IP,ATA, SoftPhone 112 3.3.6 Ancho de Banda Requerido 119 3.4 Costos de la Solución 120 3.4.1 Oficinas Quito 120 3.4.2 Oficinas Guayaquil 121 3.4.3 Soporte y Servicios 122 3.4.4 Costo Total del Proyecto en Harware y Software 122 3.4.5 Diagrama General del Diseño 123 3.4.6 Análisis de Retorno de Inversión (ROI) 124 CAPITULO 4 IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN PILOTO DE PRUEBAS. 129 4.1 Descripción de pruebas. 4.1.1 Descripción de Pruebas para Verificar el Funcionamiento del Cisco CallManager 129 4.1.2 Descripción de Pruebas de Funcionamiento de Teléfonos 131 4.1.3 Descripción de Pruebas para Verificar el Procesador Central de Llamadas 133 4.1.4 Descripción de Pruebas del Plan de Marcación 133 4.1.5 Descripción de Pruebas de Mensajería Unificada 135 4.1.6 Descripción de Pruebas de Video Conferencia 136 4.2 Realización de Pruebas 136 4.2.1 Configuración del Cisco CallManager 137 4.2.1.1 Instalación del Cisco CallManager 137 4.2.1.2 Configuración de Parámetros Básicos del Cisco CallManager Server 139 4.2.1.3 Diseño y Configuración de Ruteo y Plan de Marcación 145 4.2.1.4 Instalación y Configuración de Dispositivos 150 4.2.1.5 Configuración Funciones Adicionales en IPT 156 4.2.1.6 Configuración del Cisco Unity 159 4.2.2 Pruebas del Cisco CallManager 161 4.2.2.1 Pruebas de Acceso al Cisco CallManager 161 4.2.2.2 Pruebas del Plan de Marcación 162 4.2.3 Pruebas de Funcionamiento de Teléfonos 164 4.2.3.1 Opciones de Llamadas Sencillas entre Extensiones, y números Convencionales 164 4.2.3.2 Funcionalidades del Directorio y Registros de Llamadas 167 4.2.3.3 Opciones de Mensajería Unificada 169 4.3.3 Pruebas de Video Conferencia utilizando NetMeeting 170 4.3.3.1 Configuración de NetMeeting 170 4.3.3.2 Descripción de Interface de NetMeeting 172 4.3.3.3 Prueba de Video Conferencia con NetMeeting 172 CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES 175 BIBLIOGRAFIA 178 ANEXOS GLOSARIO LISTA DE FIGURAS CAPITULO 1 INTRODUCCION A VOS SOBRE IP.
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