Chapter Iv Solid Waste Management System of Pune City

CHAPTER IV

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF PUNE CITY

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Characteristic of waste generated in Pune

4.3 Application of related policies or legislation

4.4 Types of waste generated in the city

4.5 Present Status of Solid waste Management of Pune city

4.6 Adaptive Measures

4.7 Responsibility of the Pune Municipal Corporation

4.8 Responsibility of the owners, occupiers, cooperative societies and other generators of waste

4.9 Future plans for strengthening SWM services in Pune city

4.10 Achievements at a Glance

4.11 Conclusion

Solid Waste Management System of Pune City

4.1 Solid waste generated in Pune City - nature and characteristic

Introduction : Urbanization, the new age mantra is a global phenomenon. Increase in population has resulted in pressure not only on land but also management of natural resources available. Changed eating habits have contributed to the escalation of problems related to health and also those related to waste management. While the India continues to generate considerably less waste than industrialized, developed nations, it has failed its citizens in establishing proper waste collection and disposal. Rapid urbanization and the changing consumption habits of Indians have magnified this problem, and now it is common place for piles of waste to collect on the streets and community bins to overflow. Cities, for their part, have failed either because of a lack of technical know-how or financial constraints to stem the flow of trash. Improper waste management has three major risks – health, environment and quality of life – making it one of the nation‘s most pressing challenges. It is ripe for a sustainable solution. Pune, the second largest metropolitan city in Maharashtra and 8th largest in India. It is also fast changing from a pensioner‘s city to an education centre and administrative center, as well as a hub for information technology It has gone from a city full of single-family homes to a metropolis full of high-rise apartments and slums. Changes in the modes of transportation also reflect the changing character of Pune. PMC‘s approach towards waste management is in a comprehensive manner with careful selection and sustained application of appropriate technology, working conditions, and establishment of a ‗social license‘ between the community and other service providers. Instead of something disposable, we see waste as a renewable resource with potential to aid in problems including electricity shortages and resource recovery

4.1.1 Population of some of the major cities in India : Table 4.1.1 The population of some of the major cities in India is given below:

Sr. City Population No. 1 Mumbai 1,24,78,447

2 New Delhi 1,10,07,835

3 Bangaluru 84,35,970

4 Hyderabad 68,09,970

5 Ahmedabad 55,70,585

6 Chennai 46,81,087

7 Kolkata 44,86,679

8 Pune 31,15,431

9 Mysore 8,87,446

(Source : Census 2011 (Provisional))

4.1.2 Population of some of the major cities in Maharashtra : Pune city‘s population with respect to other major cities in Maharashtra and as compared to year 2001, along with population growth rate is given below: Table 4.1.2 Population of some of the major cities in Maharashtra Population Sr. Population Population City Growth Rate No. (2001) (2011) (%) 1 Mumbai 1,19,76,439 1,24,78,447 4,19 2 Pune 25,38,473 31,15,431 22.73 3 Nagpur 20,52,066 24,05,421 17.22 4 Thane 12,62,551 18,18,872 44.06 5 Nasik 10,77,236 14,86,973 38.04 6 Kalyan – Dombiwali 11,93,512 12,46,381 4.43 7 Aurangabad 8,73,311 11,71,330 34.13 8 Navi Mumbai 7,04,002 11,19,477 59.02

(Source : Census 2011 (Provisional)

4.1.3 Expansion of City Area: Jurisdictional changes of Pune Municipal Corporation also contribute to population growth. This can be noticeably seen during the 1991-2001 decade. In 1997, 38 new villages were included in PMC. However, in 2001, 15 complete villages and 5 villages, partly, were de-linked. In July 2013, Yewalewadi village, having an area of 6.72 sq. km., was added to PMC. As a result, the total area of Pune has increased to 250.56 sq. km. In future, new villages as well as new townships developing in the periphery may also sooner or later be included in PMC limits. MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) includes residential and commercial wastes generated in a municipal area of 244 sq. km. in solid or semi-solid form which excludes industrial hazardous wastes and includes treated biomedical wastes. Total population of Pune is 37 lacks. Pune Municipal Corporation is responsible for the scientific collection, segregation, transportation, disposal and processing of solid waste within its limits of jurisdiction. Pune generates about 400 grams of solid waste per person per day. The 2011 Census puts the city‟s population at about 3.5 million. Another 0.5 million come into the city every day. This translates into 1,500 to 1,600 tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) every day, say PMC officials. Of this, 65 per per cent per cent comes from residences, hotels and restaurants (see „Waste contributors‟). Wet waste accounts for about 70 per cent.

4.2 Characteristic of waste generated in Pune : 1. Total area of PMC 250 Sq. Km. 2. Population Density increases from 10405.28 per sq. km in 2001 to 12,777 sq. km. 3. At present total population of Pune is 35 lakhs to 40 lakhs. 4. The total solid waste generated is in the range of 1500 to 1600 MT per day 5. Per capita solid waste generated is 400 grams per day 6. During festival and monsoon season like Dashera, Diwali, Palkhi, Ganesh Festival, etc. the generation of waste has been increased about 15 to 20 % approximately 200 to 300 MTD per day. 7. The total solid waste generated was collected, segregated, transported and disposed at land fill site which is 20 km away from Pune near to Uruli Devachi and Phursungi village.

8. PMC has stopped open dumping from 1st June 2010 and total waste generated is processed scientifically. 9. Total borderlines of roads to sweep is 5800 10. Public Cleanliness - Total employees required - 5800 Available employees - 3344 Requirement of additional employees - 1566 11. Area of only one Waste Depot of Pune city is 163 Acres Following Table 4.1.3 shows approximate increase in solid waste generation in future-

Table 4.1.3 Approximate increase in solid waste generation in future

Year Future Growth of Population Total Generation of Population Growth in Population Solid Waste Cantonment

2011 3115431 79965 3195396 1598

2021 4487573 87962 4575535 2750

2031 6211404 95959 6307363 3250

2041 8597417 103956 8701373 4351

(Source : Latest Report of Solid Waste Department of PMC )

4.2.1 Pressure on Public Services : Pune city is witnessing in migration of students and working population which is attracted to the educational facilities and IT industry. The total population of the city was 4.8 lakhs in the year 1951 which has now increased to 31.15 lakhs in the year 2011. This increase in population is putting a lot of stress on the civic service provided by Municipal Corporation. These services include, roads, footpath, bus transport, water supply, sewage, solid waste and health. Public transport is on high demand as well as the electricity consumption is also increasing. 4.2.2 Increase in Solid Waste generation: Pune city is generating approximately 1500 to 1600 MT of MSW every day. Increases in population, urbanization, higher living standards are the contributory factors for increase in solid waste generated in the Pune city. The municipal solid

64 waste generated in various parts of the city is collected and processed in the processing plant at Uruli Devachi which is located 20 kms from the city. To reduce the transport and day to day management issues of solid waste, PMC has implemented biomethanization plants, employing ragpickers association for door to door collection, energy from waste plants, vermicompost projects etc. Graph 4.1 Sources of solid waste generation in Pune

Sources of Solid Waste Generation in Pune Vegetable Waste, 5%

Hotels and Households, Restaurants, 40% 25%

Market Areas, 5%

Commercials, 25% (Source : Solid Waste Dept. of PMC)

The annexure 14 and 15 shows the list of ghanta trucks, garbage storage yards. 4.3 Application of related policies or legislation Both state and national laws govern disposal and discarding of solid waste in Pune. The Constitution of India divests the responsibility to improve and protect the environment to the states. In Maharashtra, the Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations (BPMC) Act of 1949 makes it the obligation of the municipal corporations. The most salient legislation regulating waste disposal in India is the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules of 2000 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests. It requires cities to establish collection at doorstep and collect solid waste from commercial areas and slum. The rules also state that it is the duty of the corporation to educate citizens on the benefits of segregating wet and dry waste and recycling and directs municipal authorities to develop technologies to process biodegradable waste and promotes scientific disposal. An additional policy that affects the Zero Garbage Ward is the progressive

65 move by the Pune Municipal Corporation to regularize waste pickers, which led to the formation of waste picker cooperative SWaCH in 2007. The change acknowledged waste pickers assistance in recycling and allowed for integration of waste pickers into door-to-door collection. The Pune Municipal Corporation also endorsed waste picker identification cards. 4.4 Types of waste generated in the city- It includes  Organic Waste and Inorganic Waste  Bio medical waste and E-Waste  Construction & Debris material  Household hazardous waste and Industrial hazardous waste Approximately 40 to 45 % organic waste, 30 to 35% inorganic waste & 15 to 20% inert waste / reject. Graph 4.2 Constituents of solid waste generated in Pune

Constituents of Solid Waste generated in Pune Paper, 6% City Plastic, 5% Miscellaneous, Metal, 3% 22% Glass, 5%

Inert Materials, 25%

Organic, 33%

Leather / Rubber, 1%

(Source : Solid Waste Management dept. PMC.) 4.4.1 Organic and Inorganic Waste is mainly generated at various levels in the city, following are the details - 4.4.2 Biomedical Waste PMC has outsourced collection, transportation and disposal of biomedical waste from various healthcare establishments. This waste is incinerated in

66 incinerator of capacity 2 tons per day. The Biomedical Waste Act 1998 defines medical waste as "Any solid waste that is generated in the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals, in research pertaining to, or in the production or testing of biological." Biomedical Waste Management and Handling Rules 1998 makes it compulsory to all dispensaries and hospitals to segregate the biomedical waste from other municipal solid waste and develop an effective collection, disposal and treatment infrastructure for managing the waste. Pune Municipal Corporation has provided biomedical waste disposal facility through the private company known as M/s Pasco Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd. As per latest data Pune city generates approximately 1800 kg of biomedical waste per day which is disposed by incinerators. Bio-medical waste in the city, from clinics and hospitals, is collected by eight biomedical waste collection vans. This facility provides services to 141 pathology laboratories, 550 nursing homes, 1048 clinics, 11 blood banks, and also the geographical area beyond 10 kms. away from PMC limit. 4.4.3 E-Waste: It is defined as "a waste from relatively expensive and essentially durable product used for data processing, telecommunications or entertainment in private households and businesses." Following are the range of electronic products: Mobiles, scrapped computers, laptops, VCD and DVD players, telephones, CDs, pen drives and floppies, microwave ovens, etc. PMC along with GIZ, MPCB and other institutions has formed core group which works for execution of E waste management and handling rules. Baseline survey of dealers is completed and zone wise training programmes are conducted. Decentralized collection centers will operate very soon. To dispose off increasing E-waste in the city by scientific method, it is proposed to have collection centres at four places in consultation with the experts on this. SWACH has collected 6 tons e-waste in last one year and has send it to e-waste processing unit of the MPCB. 4.4.4 Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization construction industry developed automatically which leads to generation of construction and

67 demolishment waste in the city. C&D policy includes the following:  In accordance with environment rules and regulations identify sites in the city for dumping C&D waste  Establishment of agencies which would be responsible for certain sectors of the city and would charge developers as per set rates for collection, transport and scientific disposal for Construction waste at selected areas.  Also create a service that will allow smaller generators of construction waste to reuse of some of the waste either in other products or useful in landscaping projects. 4.4.5 Management of Bio- Medical Waste : Big hospitals, clinics in the city generate around 2.5 to 3.0 metric ton Bio- medical waste per day. This waste being hazardous in nature is collected through special vehicles and disposed off using inceneration method.

4.5 Present Status of Solid Waste Management of Pune city The following sub section highlights the present picture of SWM services in Pune. 4.5.1 Waste Segregation Pune generates about 1500-1600 metric tons of solid waste per day. The municipal corporation disposes the waste using several methods. Citywide, 54 percent of the waste is collected at the household level and about 43 percent of waste is segregated. PMC also deploys about 90 trucks for each household collection of waste in slum areas. All 90 trucks collecting 95,000 kg of wet waste per day. In addition, PMC has also provides 23 separate trucks only for collection of hotel kitchen waste, which is segregated at its origin. For this PMC is taking help from SWACH Cooperative, it is a registered group of waste pickers.

4.5.2 Waste Segregation through „SWACH‟ SWACH (Solid Waste Collection and Handling Co-operative) is collecting waste everyday from 2300 members. It is providing this service to more than 4 lakhs households within 15 wards of Pune. All SWACH members are provided with PMC ID cards, buckets, pushing carts and apron. SWACH contributes in recycling approx. 150 tons of dry waste everyday.

These waste pickers are involved in door-to-door collection and sort trash in community waste bins around the city. SWACH has 5,500 members. Presently 2300 waste pickers collect garbage from 3, 78,000 households. Solid waste is also collected with 412 compactor buckets and 936 containers and placed all over the Pune city. Segregation of waste at source is important activity in scientific waste management, following details shows segregation strategy- 4.5.3 Segregation of recyclable MSW at source a. Total solid waste – 48% to 50 % b. Ward wise waste generation- 20% to 65% c. % 0f waste segregation by society - About 42% societies – 30%, bungalows – 47%, Slums & Chawls – 32% and Hotels & restaurants – 85% 4.5.4 Garden Waste / Green Waste Separate Trucks are deployed for collection of garden waste/tree cuttings etc. in ward wise manner on regular basis. These trucks collect 75 to 80 TPD of green waste which is shredded with the help of six shredders allotted at various decentralized locations and converted to compose. 4.5.5 PMC - SWaCH Model of Waste picker cooperative In recent years Pune has taken a proactive and incorporative approach with waste pickers. The city endorsed identification cards for the workers, allowing them access to waste without police hassle and raising personal self esteem. Then, in 2007, the PMC and the waste picker trade union Kagad Kach Patra Kashtakari Panchayat (KKPKP) jointly promoted the creation of SWaCH, a cooperative of waste pickers and other urban poor. SWACH, which stands for Solid Waste Collection and Handling, is the first cooperative wholly owned by waste pickers in India. It is a public - private partnership that regularizes the role of informal workers in trash collection and provides the city with a more sustainable path for waste management. In 2008, the PMC signed a five-year Memorandum of Understanding to decentralize door-to- door collection services for households, shops, offices and small commercial establishments and allow SWACH members to carry out this work. 4.5.6 Waste Collection SWATCH is collecting waste is from each house and disposed through Ghanta trucks. Total 161 Ghanta trucks are only for house to house collection of waste in slum regions. About 139 MT of wet waste collected by these ghanta trucks

69 every day.  Solid Waste collected through Hotel trucks Total 25 separate trucks deployed by PMC for collection of hotel wastes, which collects about 125 MT of wet waste per day.  Solid Waste collected through rag pickers PMC assigned the responsibility of collecting door to door waste to SWACH. It collects waste with the help of its 5,500 waste pickers out of these 2300 members are engaged in door to door collection of solid waste.  Private door to door collection efforts Housing societies and other residential complexes can hire services of private sweepers for daily collection of waste which is segregated at source and then forwarded to Ghanta Trucks.  Compactor Buckets and Containers PMC placing containers at different locations in city, through which all citizen can dispose off their garbage. It covers the areas where SWATCH is not providing its collection service. For this purpose PMC has placed total 943 containers and 329 compactor buckets all over the city.  Transportation of Solid Waste PMC transporting solid waste through Compactors, Hotel Trucks and tractor, Ghanta Trucks, Dumper placer, Bulk Refuse Carrier (B.R.C), etc. following Table 4.6.1 shows the details:

Table 4.5.1 Details of Transportation of Solid Waste Sr. No. Vehical Name No. of Vehicals 1 Ghanta Truck 161 2 Compactor 12 3 Hotel Truck 25 4 Tractor 5 5 Dumper Placer 89 6 Bulk Refuse Carrier (B.R.C.) 65 Garbage Transfer Station : - PMC has constructed 7 nos of garbage transfer stations at Aundh, Ghole Road, Paud Road, Katraj, Hadapsar, Yerwada & Koregoan Park area.

Table 4.5.2 Ward wise Information of Ghanta Gaddies using for transportation of solid waste Sr. No. Ward Office Name No. of Ghanta Gaddies 1 Aundh Ward Office 6 2 Ghole Road Ward Office 11 3 Yerwada Ward Office 12 4 Dhole Patil Road Ward Office 8 5 Warje Karve Nagar Ward Office 14 6 Kothrud Ward Office 13 7 Nagar Road Ward Office 10 8 Sahakarnagar Ward Office 5 9 Dhankawadi Ward Office 4 10 Bibewadi Ward Office 5 11 Tilak Road Ward Office 9 12 Bhavani Peth Ward Office 6 13 Kasba- Vishrambag Wada Ward Office 6 14 Hadapsar Ward Office 4 15 Kondwa- Wanavadi Ward Office 5 TOTAL 118

Table 4.5.3 Information about Solid Waste Storage/Collection Centre Facility a available in the City

Sr. Ward Office Name No. of Compact No. Container Bucket 1 Aundh Ward Office 65 23

2 Ghole Road Ward Office 112 19

3 Karve Road Ward Office 25 0

4 Warje Karve Nagar Ward Office 46 0

5 Kasba- Vishrambag Wada Ward Office 85 28

6 Dhankawadi Ward Office 39 0

7 Nagar Road Ward Office 34 0

8 Sangamwadi Ward Office 61 16

9 Dhole Patil Road Ward Office 76 16

10 Hadapsar Ward Office 56 42

11 Bhavani Peth Ward Office 58 0

12 Tilak Road Ward Office 85 19

13 Sahakarnagar Ward Office 61 0

14 Bibewadi Ward Office 56 0

15 Kondwa- Wanavadi Ward Office 114 40

Total 973 203

4.5.7 Waste Processing and Disposal of Waste through Scientific method: Taking into consideration of increasing urbanization and growing city, availability of land for waste management will be a big issue in future. If waste processing unit is far away from the city then waste transportation cost increases. PMC has adopted decentralized waste management practices in which small scale (5 metric ton per day capacity) biogas plants are installed throughout the city.

Table 4.5.4 Following waste processing units are installed in Pune City: Sr. Agency Name and Waste given Capacity Type & date of No. Location for processing (MT) commencement

1 M/s Hanjer Biotech- Mixed waste 1000 RDF, manure, pellets, Urali Devachi/ (Wet & Dry raw plastic & compost Phursungi waste) dt.1/6/2010

2 Disha Waste Wet Waste 100 Vermicompost

Management - dt. 1/2/2012 Ramtekdi, Hadapsar

3 Ajinkya Biofert 1- Wet Waste 100 Vermicompost

Hadapsar dt. 1/6/2010

4 Ajinkya Biofert 2- Wet Waste 100 Vermicompost Hadapsar (Garden Waste) dt. 1/10/2011

5 Melhem – Aundh Wet waste 5 Biogas 28/4/2010 ward office

6 Melhem – Yerwada Wet waste 5 Biogas 1/5/2010 housing board

7 Melhem – Katraj Wet waste 5 Biogas 1/10/2011

8 Emprotech Wet Waste 5 Biogas dt.1/7/2010 Solutions- Bavdhan

9 Emprotech Wet Waste 5 Biogas dt.1/6/2010 Solutions- Hadapsar

10 Emprotech Wet Waste 5 Biogas dt.1/11/2009 Solutions - Model Colony

11 Greenleaf- Peshwe Wet Waste 5 Biogas dt.20/3/2010 parrk

12 Greenleaf- Katraj 1 Wet Waste 5 Biogas dt.11/7/2010

13 Greenleaf- Katraj 2 Wet Waste 5 Biogas dt.9/6/2010

14 Aadya - Hadapsar Wet Waste 5 Biogas dt.1/6/2010

15 Emprotech Wet Waste 5 Biogas dt.1/4/2010 Solutions- Wanwadi (Vivam Agrotech) Deccan Enviro- Wet Waste 1 Biogas dt.1/1/2010 16 Ghole Road

17 Save Enviro- Wet Waste 2 Mechanical Compost Ramtekdi dt. 1/5/2010

18 Excel Industries - Wet Waste 2 Mechanical Compost Aundh dt. 1/8/2011

(Source : Solid Waste Dept., PMC)

Considering the rise in polpulation and increasing solid waste, a 700 MT capacity project is newly established in Ramtekadi. The project working on pyrolysis technique is producing electricity from waste. In the first phase, 200 to 250 MT waste is being processed. In the later stages, when the plant will start functioning with full capacity, the electricity generated will be fed into the grid. Electricity is being generated from harmful non-biodegradable waste.

Table 4.5.5 Proposed waste processing plants in Pune City are as follows: Sr. Project Location Waste given for Capacity Type & No. process (Wet or (MT) project dry) starting date 1 Ramtekdi Industrial Estate Mixed waste (Wet 700 Pyrolysis M/s Rokhem Separations & dry waste) (Indus.) Pvt. Ltd. 2 Sangamwadi Ward Office, Wet Waste 5 Biogas Dhanori 3 Sahakarnagar Ward Office Wet Waste 5 Biogas Taljai Plateu 4 Sahakarnagar Ward Office Wet Waste 5 Biogas Taljai Plateu 5 Sahakarnagar Ward Office Wet Waste 5 Biogas Peshwe Park 6 Aundh Ward Office, Baner Wet Waste 5 Biogas 7 Bibewadi Ward Office, K K Wet Waste 5 Biogas Market 8 Sangamwadi Ward Office, Wet Waste 5 Biogas Alandi Road, Mental Hospital 9 Tilak Road Ward Office, Wet Waste 5 Biogas Wadgaon Khurdh 10 Tilak Road Ward Office, Wet Waste 5 Biogas Wadgaon Khurdh

11 Dhankawadi Ward Office, Wet Waste 5 Biogas Katraj 12 Nagar Road Ward Office, Wet Waste 5 Biogas Wadgaon Sheri 13 Dhankawadi Ward Office, Wet Waste 5 Biogas Katraj

(Source : Solid Waste Dept. PMC)

Garden waste is being disposed off by using shredder machine at P L Deshpande Garden, Peshwe Energy Park, Katraj Ramp 2, Burning Ghat, Dhole Patil Road, Pashan and Paud Road. More such shredder machines are proposed at Bhamburda Vanvihar, Chittaranjan Watika, Aundh Camp, Dhanori etc. There is a need for more biogas plants in future. Hence, necessary budget allocations are made every year. Till June 2013, 13 biomethenization plants each of 5 metric tons capacity are working in the PMC limits. Details of biogas projects are given in annexure 16.

Table 4.5.6 Pune Municipal Corporation‟s Biogas Projects in the City

Sr. No. Ward Office Place Capacity Technology

1 Aundh Aundh Ward Office 5 Metric ton Biogas

2 Karve Road Bavdhan Rohit Nagar 5 Metric ton Biogas

3 Ghole Road J Plot Kothi Ghole 3 Metric ton Biogas Road 4 Yerwada Yerwada Hos. Board 5 Metric ton Biogas Colony 5 Vishrambag Peshwe Park 5 Metric ton Biogas Wada

6 Dhankawadi Katraj Ramp 5 Metric ton Biogas

7 Dhankawadi In front of Rajiv 5 Metric ton Biogas Gandhi Zoo 8 Hadapsar Hadapsar Solid Waste 5 Metric ton Biogas Ramp

9 Hadapsar Hadapsar Solid Waste 5 Metric ton Biogas Ramp 10 Bibewadi Wanvadi Crematorium 5 Metric ton Biogas

11 Ghole Road Model Colony 5 Metric ton Biogas

12 Dhankawadi S/N 3, Katraj, Aaji- 5 Metric ton Biogas Ajoba Udyan

13 Sangamwadai Dhanori 5 Metric ton Biogas

(Source : Solid Waste Management dept. PMC.)

4.5.8 Processing and Scientific Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste

At present Pune city generates about 1500 to 1600 MTD of waste per day. Processing of this waste is done in various ways as mentioned below:

Hanjer Biotech projects I and II: Currently this plant is working with its full capacity of 1000 TPD. A scientific landfill constructed by Hanjer Biotech to dispose the inert waste which is about 20 to 25 percent of the total waste processing. It is located near Phusungi to process 1000 TPD waste. PMC has provided 26 hect. land to this project.

 Composting

Disha waste management and Ajinkay Biofert located at Hadapar Industrial estate having capacity of 100 TPD capacities each, Vermicompost plant are working with their full capacity.

 Decentralized Bio methanation-cum-Power Generation Plants Under this project total 50 to 55 MT. of organic waste is processed in 12 Biogas plants of 5 Tonnes capacity each and 15 more biogas plants are also under construction and very soon it will start functioning. At Aundh & Ramtakadi two more organic waste convertor plant of two tonnes capacity are operatational

 Scientific Closure of MSW Dump Site As per MSW Rules 2000, Scientific closure and beautification of 30 hectares of dumping site at Urali Devachi is already started and will be completed within next two years.

Table 4.5.7 Performance based on SLBs Sr. No. Performance Indicator Expected 2010 2012 Sr. Performance Indicator Expected 2010 2012

No 1 Household level coverage of SWM services 100 52.70 54.50 Efficiency of collection of municipal solid 2 100 100 100 waste

3 Extent of segregation of municipal 100 27.96 43.27 solid waste

4 Extent of municipal solid waste recovered 80 85 85

5 Extent of scientific disposal of 100 100 100 municipal solid waste

6 Extent of cost recovery in SWM services 100 60.88 80

7 Efficiency in collection of SWM charges 90 67 79.99

8 80 84.74 88.9 Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints

4.6 Adaptive Measures 4.6.1 Using 5R Techniques (Refuse, Replace, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) : Increasing quantity of solid waste that is generated in the city affects the environment as well as the health of citizens. Managing such large quantities of solid waste is a challenge for every municipal corporation, and Pune Municipal Corporation is taking various steps for management of solid waste that is generated within the city. Initiatives taken by citizens can play vital role in the management of solid waste. If total municipal solid waste is reduced, it will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of solid waste management process. The easiest way for doing so is the 5R technique. 5R means – Refuse, Replace, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. If this technique is implemented, it will reduce the load on solid waste management process and help in betterment of environment. 4.6.2 Efficiency in redressal of Customer Complaints ALERT G - Complaint Redressal-Citizens‟ Participation PMC has activated new mobile SMS Alert system for timely and effective complaint redressal about garbage containers. Citizens have to type- ALERT G

Ward Office Name, complaint site area name and complaint and SMS is to be sent to 9223050607. PMC officials and staff effectively redress the complaint within 8- 10 hrs and give feedback to the concerned complainant. Installation of this system has helped in forming sustainable Public Private Partnership. Acknowledgement & action taken reports results in enthusiastic civic participation in Clean City Initiatives and Decisions are made more proactively.

4.6.3 Segregating Wet and Dry Waste: To segregate wet and dry waste, PMC is using Containers and Buckets that are available with the Vehicle Depot of PMC as well as Ghanta Trucks (Bell Trucks). Ragpickers collect the waste from residential complexes as well as from hotels. Along with this, in order to bring about segregation of waste at the source of its generation, separate bins for wet and dry waste have been provided to citizens and they are encouraged to dispose the waste in these bins.

Also, Ward Officer / Ward Medical Officer / Chief Medical Officer / Divisional Health Inspector / Health Inspector carry out various awareness drives for waste segregation in their respective wards. These include establishing contact with the housing society chairman, conducting meetings in these societies, distributing information handouts, increasing participation of people in such drives etc.

4.6.4 Capping of Landfill Site and Processing of Leachate: Capping : Since it is mandatory to have capping for the waste, execution of work on capping of waste disposed at Uruli Devachi/ Phusungi by scientific way is in progress as suggested in the DPR. Reformation of waste has been completed which has reduced the fire incidents at Urali Devachi plant. Administrative officers and other delegates from various States such as Karnataka, Assam, Ahmedabad, Hubali - Dharwad, Indore, Bangalore, Tamilnadu and Kerala and also foreign delegates from Korea and Malaysia have visited Solid Waste Management projects of PMC.

4.6.5 Effect on Environmental Factors : Environment is mainly divided into Biotic and Abiotic factors. Life on earth is interdependent on biotic and Abiotic factors. Abiotic factors consist of air, water and land etc. and due to pollution decrease the quality of all these abiotic factors and ultimately influence on biotic factors like humans, animals, plants etc. The city‘s environment and the civic life is getting affected because of urbanisation, industrialization and developmental activities. To reduce the impact on environment, mitigational measures need to be taken by one and all. Municipal Corporation provides basic urban facilities to the citizens. Pune Municipal Corporation is implementing many mitigational measures through various projects. Some of these are short term whereas some are long term. There are three main types of mitigation measures taken which include – preventive, curative and adaptive measures.

4.6.6 Preventive Measures : Decentralization of Waste Management : Waste generated within the city limits is scientifically collected, segregated and disposed from residential and commercial areas. PMC has made mandatory for all new constructions after the year 2000 to collect wet waste and dry waste separately and make compost from wet waste at the source itself. Currently, waste generation in the Pune city is 1500 to 1600 metric ton per day (during festival 250-300 MT extra). SMS alert system is being used for monitoring daily attendance of sweepers. The garbage from marketyards is picked up during night time and people dumping garbage in open are fined. Around 1200 containers have been placed at various public places in the city. People can register complaint about over flowing containers through SMS alert system simply by sending SMS of ALERTG and giving its location and ward name on mobile no. 9223050607. For more details citizens can visit this website as www.pmcalert.org Waste collected by ragpickers is transported through newly purchased 40 Ghanta Gadi (garbage collection vans) instead of container vehicle, also 40 dumper placers have been added recently to the existing fleet of waste transportation vehicles.

4.7 Responsibility of the Pune Municipal Corporation PMC is responsible to provide the following services:  Primary collection and secondary collection of dry and wet garbage  Segregation, storage and reduction of waste at source  Transportation, Processing and disposal  Estimate and analysis of waste, Waste minimization  Public awareness and enforcement and resource management The Pune Municipal Corporation is responsible for the execution of the provision of these rules and for any infrastructure development for collection, storage, sorting, transportation, segregation, processing and disposal of non biodegradable and biodegradable waste.

Towards this, the Pune Municipal Corporation : 1. Establishment the Solid Waste Collection and Handling cooperative of waste- collectors SWACH - Waste Collectors' Cooperative for undertaking daily collection of non biodegradable and biodegradable solid waste from households, shops, offices and other commercial premises 2. Is setting up of Non Biodegradable Waste Collection Centres in each municipal kothi for the sorting and storage of non biodegradable solid waste into recyclable and non recyclable waste and processing of recyclable waste. These centres are to be managed by SWACH 3. Is expected to make arrangements for covered receptacles at public places into which the biodegradable waste may be deposited 4. Is expected to directly or through its agency, undertake according to a predetermined schedule the collection of biodegradable waste brought to common collection points/ deposited in the receptacles by the collectors of the cooperative 5. Is expected to directly or through its agency, undertake the collection of non biodegradable non recyclable waste from the Non Biodegradable Waste Collection centres according to a predetermined schedule 6. Is expected to directly or through its agency, undertake the collection of biodegradable solid waste from bulk generators such as hotels and restaurants, mangal karyalayas, hospitals, educational institutions, refectories, hostels etc

7. Is expected to directly or through its agency, undertake the collection of garden waste and cuttings, as per a specified weekly schedule to be made public 8. Is expected to directly or through its agency, undertake on payment the collection of demolition waste or debris and individual construction as per a specified monthly schedule to be made public 9. Is expected to use and make available suitable vehicles for transportation of non biodegradable and biodegradable and non recyclable waste so as to avoid mixing the two during transportation. 10. Transportation vehicles should be covered properly to avoid the spillage of waste on the roads during transportation 11. Is expected to provide a list of sites for depositing debris and other construction and demolition waste by generators from time to time. The list should be displayed in each municipal ward office, in the building permissions department and on the website of the Pune Municipal Corporation 12. May directly levy penalties for contravention of arrangements as reported by the agent or agencies at the next level of waste collection, transport and management 13. The State Pollution Control Board, may set up directly or through its agency composting, bio-methanation or other biological processing facilities for biodegradable waste 14. PMC in consultation with the State Pollution Control Board may provide specially designed landfill site restricted to non biodegradable inert waste and other wastes that are not suitable for recycling or for any processing and that land filling should be according to scientific manner. 15. PMC Should take help of NGO‘s, other reputed organizations for scientific analysis for each year, solid waste can be removed from nallahs and gutters and total solid waste collected in the PMC area with respect to non biodegradable waste. According to nature of waste it should be proper categorized and classified. 16. PMC should install a computerized Management Information System for all types of municipal solid waste 17. PMC should organize training for monitoring and evaluating all the system of municipal solid waste management.

4.8 Responsibility of the Owners, Cccupiers, Cooperative Societies and other Generators of Waste : - It should be incumbent upon the owner of the premises, commercial establishments, shops, cooperative housing societies, hotels, and any other generator of wastes to keep at least two containers of different colours in their premises for collecting waste. One container should contain biodegradable wastes and the other should contain non biodegradable wastes and there should be no mixing of the two. Why you must segregate your garbage ? - The generator of waste should hand over the waste separately for collection - The generator of waste is to pay SWaCH an appropriate, predetermined monthly fee for the service of collection of such waste, either directly or by way of surcharge on property tax - Debris and construction and demolition waste should be deposited in any one of sites listed by the Pune Municipal Corporation from time to time

4.8.1 Rules for prohibition to throw biodegradable and non bio degradable garbage in sewage lines, public drains, natural or manmade lake or wetlands No person should, by himself or through another, knowingly or otherwise, throw or cause to be thrown, in any drain, pipe and fittings, ventilation shaft, connected with the natural or manmade lake, private or public drainage works, any non bio degradable garbage, wetlands, or construction waste or any bio degradable garbage by placing in a non bio degradable bag or container likely to - injure the drainage and sewage system - be dangerous or cause a nuisance or be prejudicial to the public health - damage the river, lake, water or wetland - interfere with the free flow of affect the treatment and disposal of drain and sewage contents No person should, knowingly or otherwise, place or permit to be placed, except in accordance with such procedure and after complying with such safeguards as may be prescribed, any bio degradable or non biodegradable garbage in any public place or in a place open to public view, unless: - The garbage is placed in a garbage receptacle, or

- The garbage is deposited in a location designated by the PMC having jurisdiction on an area for the disposal of such garbage

4.9 Future plans for strengthening SWM services in Pune city 4.9.1 Health & Sanitation Byelaws : BPMC Act 1949 provides very less monetary penalties which will not make any long lasting impact on the minds of citizens. PMC has formulated separate byelaws to impose & increase amount of fine & penalties on the defaulters not following various rules & regulations.  New Waste to renewable energy plant of 700 TPD is in process and under construction. At present 300 TPD waste is processed in this plant.  Reservation of land for waste processing unit .  Development of independent processing unit for E-waste on BOT or PPP basis, Developing PPP model for 100% collection of segregated waste, door to door collection and container free city.

 Design and developing closed and automated vehicles for transportation of garbage.  Separate byelaws for disposal of construction debris and also for sanitation, cleanliness, Compulsory segregation at source by designing required legal framework.  To manage ever increasing solid waste of Pune city due to rapid industrialization and increasing population, Maharashtra State Government planned to develop three other places for scientific landfill and waste processing. These places are Wadu Kurd, Tulapur and district Haveli are finalized and very soon are to be handed over to PMC by the Maharashtra government for solid waste processing. But villagers and local politicians are opposing as these places are in the vicinity of the birth place of Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj. The other site at Shindavane is sanctioned by the Maharashtra State govt. as recycling plant and waste processing plant. But villagers of Shindavane are also opposing against this decision.  In 2030 total waste of Pune may reach up to 3300 to 3500 metric tons. To tackle waste scientifically PMC has formulated following policy.

 Each project works with the capacity of 65 to 70 percent due to inadequate supply of power and electricity cut off, machinery breakdown and other inevitable reasons operation, maintenance of various projects and garbage processing units, etc. To run all projects with 100%percent capacity, PMC developed new projects with higher capacity.  PMC has reserved some sites in future DP Plan.  PMC verifying waste disposal plan of new big township construction sites and then only sanction their construction plan.  To reduce waste PMC emphasizing more for biogas, vermin - composting and mechanical composting projects and trying to acquire the place for it.

 Separate land is to be kept reserved for processing and recycling of construction waste.  PMC has developed an independent processing unit for ‗e waste‘ based on BOT or PPP basis.  PMC is formulating separate rules and regulations for acquisition of open land in private housing societies for solid waste processing.  For reduction in the number of vehicles required for transportation PMC compressing of garbage at primary collection sites and then forwarding this compressed garbage to the different processing plants.  As new villages are to be added in corporation area, PMC is reserving separate place for waste processing and energy plant in its new DP plan.  PMC has developed of PPP model for 100 percentage collection of segregated waste, 100 percentage door to door waste collection and for container free city.  Total transportation of waste i.e. dry and wet garbage to be done in a closed vehicle and developed of automated vehicles for the same purpose.  PMC plan to develop scientific landfill to dump ejected waste material after its scientific processing after considering future increase in solid waste. After receiving permission of the state Govt. PMC acquire, develop, scientific land filling plant and later capping of the same landfill is planned.  Run environment awareness program for school children to educate them to reduce generation of solid waste and adopt of eco-friendly ways like Reject, Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.  Environmental management cell – PMC is planning for opening of separate

environmental management cell.  PMC has formed ‗Monitoring Committee‘ for timely implementation of various activities in accordance with MSW rules 2000 which includes members from Maharashtra pollution control board, members of PMC and also representatives of the village Phusungi and Urali Devachi are included. Every month Monitoring committee should conduct one meeting.  PMC is introducing various job opportunities in different areas. It helps in reducing the cost expenditure in disposal and transportation of waste and improves the quality of life which helps to develop the economy. 4.9.2 Landmark Decision by PMC  PMC developed Bio Methanation – Cum - Power Generation Plants at various locations.  New 15 Bio-gas of capacity 5 TPD each work is in progress.  Use of various modern technologies such as 3 EBT, BARC, Modified UASBP  Compulsory scientific processing of waste in housing societies and townships.

 For Kartraj Ward PMC received ISO certification for primary collection and transportation of Municipal Solid Waste.  Waste to energy project of 700 TPD work is in completion stage on Boot basis. 4.9.3 Creating a Zero Garbage Ward in Katraj, Pune In Pune, corporation, Janwani- MCCIA, and waste pickers have spent the past year working toward that solution with the Zero Garbage Ward project in Katraj, the city‘s largest ward. Pune Municipal Corporation and Pune-based Janwani, the social initiative of the Maratha Chamber of Commerce, Industries and Agriculture (MCCIA), introduced the pilot initiative last year in order to add value to waste. Pune Municipal Corporation and its partners Janwani-MCCIA–, SWaCH waste pickers cooperative and corporate sponsors – worked tirelessly to change the attitudes of residents and waste-pickers towards waste, creating a paradigm shift from waste as disposable to waste as a renewable resource.

 Eco Friendly Ganesh Utsav by PMC Municipal authorities have constructed tanks for immersion of Ganesh Idols to avoid river pollution. Nirmalya Kalash is made available at each visarjan ghat to collect nirmalya separately and waste pickers are provided with training to prepare

colours from these flowers.  Mandatory Onsite Scientific Disposal Of Solid Waste PMC has made compulsion of Mandatory onsite scientific disposal of organic waste for residential & commercial schemes built after Year 2000. Incentive in the form of tax rebate is offered to the establishments practicing eco friendly measures such as organic waste processing, solar system & rain water harvesting (5% for each practice & maximum 10% tax rebate)  Data Collection For MIS Using Mobile SMS PMC deploys up to 5000+ sweepers across 4 zones comprising of 15 wards having a total of 165 sub offices. Total attendance at each of the 165 sub office is recorded in registers. Data in registers is used for generating MIS. Aim is to make available real time MIS reports available for SWM system. MIS is now generated instantly and viewed at a click of a button on the web. This has improved attendance off all sanitation sub offices & tampering of data is avoided.

4.9.4 PMC‟s Best practices to generate Wealth Out of Waste  Integrating Informal Sector in Municipal Solid Waste management.  Pune‘s Trash Solution: A Zero Garbage City.  Bio methanation cum power generation plants.  Waste to energy – Plasma gasification.  Sonia gram udyog prakalp for plastic recycling.  Shredding and composting of garden waste.  Mandatory onsite disposal in post 2000 residential and commercial schemes.  Loknete Yashwantrao Chavan Pune City Cleanliness Drive.  Data collection for MIS using Mobile SMS.  ALERT G-Complaint Redressal through citizens participation.  Celebration of Ganesh utsav in Eco friendly manner.  No open dumping and 100% scientific processing of waste. 4.10 Achievements at a Glance  SWaCH model : Saved more than Rs. 12 crores per annum in waste handling costs.  Zero Garbage Ward: improved service delivery of DTDC and segregation of waste and reduced transportation cost bet Rs 500-800 tones.

 ISO Certification for Decentralized Solid Waste Management System: Easy to transfer and replication.  Energy generation- More than 0.5 MW of energy from 60 tons of organic waste using biogas.  About 10 MW /hr of energy from 700 Tons of waste by using plasma.  pyrolysis technology - Less space required, no capital cost, and share in Carbon credits.  100 percent scientific disposal since 2010 and no open Dumping.  Nagar Ratna Puraskar under JNNURM for city sanitation and cleanliness,

4.11 Conclusion : Pune‘s efforts to confront the problems of waste disposal in its city limits should be applauded, but these efforts must also be maintained. The city is making use of important partnerships and achieving results without turning its back on the informal workers that currently represent the municipality‘s only mechanism for recycling. Zero Garbage and SWACH Models enhances the quality of work of the waste picker, while also meeting demands for neighborhood cleanliness and limiting garbage sent to landfills. These initiatives also transfers part of the responsibility for waste to the city‘s residents, giving them a stake in the outcome. With continued replication and adherence to the Zero Garbage Model, Pune can become a model of sustainable waste management for other cities in India and across the world.