History chapter 4

The First Civilization in

A. Choose the correct answer and fill in the blanks :- 1. Indus 2. 3. Pottery 4. 5. Lothal, Kalinangan B. Fill in the blanks:- 1. 2. 3. Barley 4. Euphrates, Tigris C. State whether true or false if false correct the statement:- 1. False - 1922 2. True 3. False - only Mojenjodaro 4. True 5. False:- 1750 BCE D. Answer the following questions in 10 – 30 words :+ 1. What is civilization?

Ans:- A civilisation is a complex human society usually made up of different , with certain characteristics of cultural and technological development.

2. Which is the first civilization of India? Why is it called so?

Ans:- Indus valley civilization is the first civilisation of India. It is known so because it developed on the bank of the river Indus.

3. Name a few cities of the Indus valley civilization.

Ans:- Harappa, Mohenjodaro , Lothal are the few cities of Indus valley civilization.

4. Name a few occupation of the people of the Indus valley civilization

Ans: The main occupation of the the Indus valley civilization was and trade.

5. List a three features of the indus valley civilization.

Ans:- The main features of Indus Valley Civilization were well planned towns a good system well maintain streets Grand public structures like the great bath at Mohenjo Daro and a granary at Harappa.

E. Answer the following questions in 50-70 wprds:- 1. Describe the town planning of Harappan cities. Ans:- To the west of each was the Citadel fortified by crenellated walls. The Citadel was usually based on a mound or at an elevated position The remarkable thing about the arrangement of the houses in the lower town is that they followed the great system the main streets were quite wide and were laid out in a pattern. They were straight and intersected each other at right angles, thus dividing the in large rectangular blocks or grids.

2. Explain how art and craft was an important industry in the Indus valley civilization. Ans:- we find evidences of the practice of several art and craft forms by the people of the Indus valley civilization. This indicate the emergence of specialist who are trained to do one kind of work such as sculpting, polishing beads and making seals.Copper and wire used for making vessels, ornaments, tools and weapons. 3. Give one distinguishing feature each of Mohenjo Daro, Harappa Lothal and Kali Bagan. Ans:- The main features of Indus Valley Civilization were well planned towns a good drainage system well maintained streets grand public structures like the great bath at Mohenjo Daro and granary at Harappa. 4. Write a short note on the religious practices of the Harappan people. Ans:- Numerous female figure in Terracotta have been found from various sites of the Indus valley civilization. These are believed to represent mother goddess. People worshipped the earth as a fertility goddess. The peepal tree was also considered to be sacred evident from the depiction in many seeds. The most striking deity of the Harappan culture is the horned God on the seals. 5. Mention briefly the suggested causes behind the decline of the Indus valley covilization. Ans:- we see that at all the Harappan sites were planning and construction became less efficient than earlier times at Mohenjo Daro science of decline are more evident than at other sites. It is suggested that the city of Mohenjo Daro became week under the pressure of population there was an inflated of refuses into the city. At Mohenjo Daro rooms were divided into smaller portions and Street plans were no longer followed. Some people suggest that expansion of the neighbouring desert increased in the salinity of the soil and decreased fertility this in turn declined the production of crops and was responsible for the decline of the Indus valley civilization. 6 Write a brief note on Ans:- Dholavira is one of the excavated sites of the Indus valley civilisation. Dholavira during 1990 is one of the largest urban centres of the Indus Valley Civilization in of . This city unlike other cities was divided into three parts with great stone walls all around and get ways as the entrance. It also had a large open area probably used for public purposes. One of the important finds from the area is a sign board bearing Harappan Inception. By far it is the largest evidence of Harappan as other evidences are short scripts on sales . F Amswer the following questions in 80-100 words:- 1. Explain in your own words about the class differences and life of the people of Indus Valley Civilization And:- structural remains of the houses indicate that class differences were present in the Harappan society. The big houses would have been occupied by the rich. While smaller houses and two room cottages would have been used by the the poorer sections of society. The first farmers like living near the river because it kept the land green and fertile for growing crops. These farmers lived ltogether in villages which grew over time into large ancient cities like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro. The Indus people immediate river water to drink, wash and to irrigate their fields. 2. What are the main features of the Indus valley civilization. Ans:- Town planning of Harappan cities are distinguished by their term planning. The general layout of the cities like Harappa Mohenjo Daro and Rakhi Garhi is similar. Citadel to the west of each was the Citadel . Fortified by ceremalated walls The Citadel was usually based on amound or at an elevated position. Script:- The people belonging to this Civilization also developed a pictographic script the script has not been deciphered till date.