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Grenzgebiete Wissenschaft GRENZGEBIETE DER WISSENSCHAFT Roland Benedikter: Jahrzehnt des Gehirns, des Verstandes - oder der Vernunffc? Die vierte Vorbereitungstagung zu einem inter nationalen „Jahrzehnt des Bewusstseins" in Albuquerque, New Mexico Imre Koncsik: Geist, Gehirn und Materie. Eine synergetische In teraktion Ferdinand Zahlner: Personenlexikon zur Paranormologie (XI) Diskussionsforum: Die Uirichskapelle in Standorf und das Grabtuch Aus Wissensehaft und Forschung: Die Unschuld der Templer. 1308 durch Papst Clemens V, freigespro chen Nachrichten Bücher und Schriften GW 58-2009-3 ÜeSCH GRENZGEBIETE DER WISSENSCHAFT GW ist eine interdisziplinäre Quartalschrift für die Grenzbereiche von Physis, Bios, Psyche und Pneuma, von Gesetzmäßigkeit und Spontaneität, von Beweis und Lebens erfahrung und von Immanenz und Transzendenz. Herausgeber und Medieninhaber: Prof. DDr. P. Andreas Resch, Direktor des Insti tuts lur Grenzgebiete der Wissenschaft(IGW) Redaktion: Prof. DDr. P. Andreas Reseh. Mag. Priska Kapferer Standige Mitarbeiter: Gerhard Adler (Baden-Baden/D); Dr. Robert Bossard (Zolli- kon/CH) Verlag, Auslieferung, Druck: RESCH VERLAG, Maximilianstr. 8, Postfach 8, A6010 Innsbruck Tel. +43 (0)512/574772, Fax +43(0)512/574772-16 E-Mail: [email protected] http://www.igw-reseh-verlag.at Bezugsbedingungen: Preis im Abonnement jährlich EUR 36.40 [D], sFr 59.50 (zu- zügl. Versandkosten), Einzelheft EUR 11.50 [D], sFr 16.30. Ein Abonnement gilt, falls nicht befristet bestellt, zur Fortsetzung bis auf Wideiruf. Kündigungsfrist: 6 Wochen vor Ablauf des laufenden Kalenderjahres. Zahlungsmöglichkeiten: Bankkonto: Hypo-Bank Innsbmck: Kto. 210 044 950 BLZ 57000 Postscheckkonten: München: Kto. 1206 37-809 BLZ 70010080 Zürich: Kto. 80-54696-2 Erfüllungsort und Gerichtsstand: Innsbruck Manuskripte und Besprechungsexemplare sind zu richten an: Redaktion GW, Postfach 8. A-6010 Innsbmck Die Zeitschrift und alle in ihr enthaltenen Beiträge und Abbildungen sind urheber rechtlieh geschützt. Jegliche Verwendung außerhalb der Grenzen des Urheberrechts ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig. Mit der Annahme des Manuskripts gehen bis zum Ablauf des Urheberrechts das Recht zur VeröfTentlichung sowie die Rechte zur Übersetzung, zur Vergabe von Nachdruck- rechten, zur elektronischen Speicherung in Datenbanken, zur Herstellung von Son- derdmcken, Fotokopien und Mikrokopien an den Verlag über. Eingeschlossen sind auch das Recht zur Herstellung elektronischer Versionen sowie das Recht zu deren Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung online und oflline ohne zusätzliche Vergütung. Die Ansichten der Autoren von GW decken sich nicht notwendigerweise mit der Auf fassung des Herausgebers. Für unverlangt eingereichte Manuskripte übemimmt der Verlag keinerlei Haftung. Die Verfasser von Leitartikeln erhalten von jedem veröffentlichten Originalbeitrag 20 kostenlose Sonderdrucke. Gewünschte Mehrexemplare sind vor Dmcklegung be kannt zu geben und werden zum Selbstkostenpreis berechnet. GRENZGEBIETE DER WISSENSCHAFT 58. Jahrgang 3 - 2009 Innsbruck: Resch Leitartikel Roland Benedikter: Jahrzehnt des Gehirns, des Verstandes - oder der Vernunft? Die vierte Vorbereitungstagung zu einem internationalen „Jahrzehnt des Bewusstseins"' in Albuquerque, New Mexico 195 Imre Koncsik: Geist, Gehirn und Materie. Eine synergetische Interaktion 223 Ferdinand Zahlner: Personenlexikon zur Paranonnologie (XI) 251 Duplikate der IGW-Bibliothek 250 Diskussionsforuni Die Ulrichskapelle in Standorf und das Grabtuch 271 Aus Wissenschaft und Forschung Die Unschuld der Templer. 1308 durch Papst Clemens V freigesprochen 273 Nachrichten Aramäische Schriftzeichen auf dem Grabtuch von Turin 279 Grabtuch und Templer 279 Ausstellung des Grabtuches 2010 279 Unsere Liebe Frau von Guadalupe wissenschaftlich nicht erklärbar 280 Ritualmorde an Albinos in Tansania 280 Film über Hildegard von Bingen 280 194 Inhalt Bücher und Schriften Leslie Stevenson: Zehn Theorien zur Natur des Menschen. Konflizianismus, Hinduismus, Bibel, Piaton, Aristoteles, Kant, Marx, Freud, Sartre, Evolutionstheorien (A. Resch) 281 Hans Günter Gassen: Das Gehirn (A. Resch) 282 Wolfgang Müller-Funk/Christa Agnes Tuczay (Hg.): Faszination des Okkulten. Diskurse zum Übersinnlichen (A. Resch) 283 Birgit Neger: Moderne Hexen und Wicca. Aufzeichnungen über eine magische Lebenswelt von heute (A. Resch) 285 Christoph Schmidt: Gemalt für die Ewigkeit. Geschichte der Ikonen in Russland (A. Resch) 286 Uwe Springfeld: Menschmaschine, Maschinenmensch: warum wir Maschinen sind, die man nicht nachbauen kann (A. Resch) 287 Grenzgebiete der Wissenschaft 58 (2009) 3, 195-222 ROLAND BENEDIKTER - JAMES GIORDANO - JAMES OEDS JAHRZEHNT DES GEHIRNS,DES VERSTANDES - ODER DER VERNUNFT? Die vierte Vorbereitungstagung zu einem internationalen „Jahrzehnt des Bewussteins" in Albuquerque, New Mexico Roland Benedikter, Dort. DDDr., Research Professor of Sociology in residence, The Orfalea Center for Global and International Studies, University of California at Santa Barbara, und Visiting Scholar 2009-10, The Forum on Contemporary Europe, Stanford University. James Giordano, Professor of Neuroscience, Philosophy and Ethics, Institute for Psychological Sciences, Centre for Philosophical Psychology; Fellow, Blackffiars Hall, University of Oxford; und Director, Center for Neurotechnology Studies and Chair, Academic Programs, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies Arlington, VA, USA. James Oeds, Prof. PhD (Philosophie), Professor für Neurowissenschaften und Di rektor des Krasnow Institute for Advanced Studies der George Mason University, Fairfax VA; seit 2007 Co-Direktor des "Decade of the Mind"-Projekts. Vom 12.-15. Januar 2009 fand an der Universität von New Mexico in Al buquerque, USA, die vierte Anlauftagung zu einem „Jahrzehnt des Bewusst- seins" {Decade of the Mind, DoM) statt. Diese Wissenschaftsinitiative soll von 2010-2020 unter der Schirmherrschaft der neuen US-Regierung unter Barack Obama in Kooperation mit der UNESCO die internationale Forschung zum menschlichen Bewusstsein bündeln, koordinieren und ausrichten. Dabei steht nicht weniger als das Selbstbild und die Zukunft des menschlichen Ich als Ganzes auf dem Spiel. Mit der Frage nach der Natur des menschlichen Bewusstseins, seiner Erforschung und Veränderbarkeit werden in den kom menden Jahren interkulturelle Problemdimensionen ebenso verbunden sein wie Fragen nach der Zukunft von Menschenwürde und Sozialität. Die inter disziplinäre und gesellschaftliche Bedeutung von Thema und Veranstaltung wurde unterstrichen durch die Anwesenheit des Vorsitzenden des Ethikrates des US-Präsidenten, zahlreicher führender Politiker aus vier Kontinenten, von Wissenschaftlern aus den Natur-, Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften sowie durch die Beteiligung von führenden transdisziplinären Forschungseinrich- 196 Roland Benedikter - James Giordano - James Olds tungen wie dem Krasnow Institut für höhere Studien, dem Potomac Institute for Policy Studies Arlington, dem Santa Fe Institute und den Sandia Nationall aboratorien New Mexiko. Die drei Autoren dieses Berichtes nahmen daran als Hauptredner teil. 1. Der Ausgangspunkt: Der gegenwärtige Schwellenübertritt der Bewusstseinsforschung durch die Kombination äußerer und innerer Faktoren Das Thema des menschlichen Bewusstseins entfaltet sich erst seit wenigen Jahren zu voller Wirksamkeit im Konzert internationaler Erkenntnisbemühun gen. Es enthält laut Überzeugung der Mehrheit der Tagungsteilnehmer „eine tausendmal größere Sprengkraft als alle Atombomben der Erde zusammen'', weil es an das „Zentrum aller Dinge" im bewussten Ich rührt, ohne das es aus streng empirischer Sicht keine „Wirklichkeit" im Sinne eines „erscheinenden Realitätsprozesses" geben kann. Der Mensch beginnt heute damit, sein eigenes Bewusstsein - und damit notwendigerweise zugleich das noch weit tiefere, darin implizite Geheimnis des Ich, das für diese Suche selbst konstitutiv ist - intensiver als je zuvor in der Geschichte zu erforschen. Milliardenbeträge werden inzwischen weltweit von privaten und öffentlichen Auftraggebern investiert, um zunächst die pri- mordialen physiologischen und operativen Funktionen von Gehirn und Ner vensystem (Rückenmark) im Minblick auf die Entstehung eines „bewussten Bewusstseins" zu erforschen. Hier sind, wie die Mehrheit der Redner darstell te, in vergleichsweise kurzer Zeit schnelle Fortschritte zu erwarten. Darauf aufbauend könnte möglicherweise bereits in wenigen Jahren von einzelnen Einrichtungen in verschiedenen Ländern, damnter auch gewinnori entierte Wirtschaftsuntemehmen und Militärkreise, damit begonnen werden, das in einem „Ich" versammelte Bewusstsein einerseits physisch mittels Gc- himimplantaten. Hybridisierung des menschlichen Nervensystems und Be- wusstseinsdrogen zu verändern. So ist bereits seit 2007 eine umfassende Stu die der Universität Oxford für die britische Regierung in Ausarbeitung, wel che die flächendeckende Einführung von Icistungssteigemden Drogen in den regulären Schulunterricht prüft. Die Propagatorcn dieses Projekts, damnter der Direktor des „Zukunft der Menschheif-lnstituts der Universität Oxford, der international führende Transhumanist und Professor für angewandte Ethik Nick Bostrom, erwarten sich davon „eine größere Revolution in den Fähigkei ten und Leistungen des menschlichen Denkens und der Erkenntniskapazitäten Jahrzehnt des Gehirns, des Verstandes - oder der Vernunft? 197 der menschlichen Spezies, als sie Kopemikiis oder Darwin als Einzelpersonen mit ihren wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen je haben konnten.''' Diese Aussage ist nicht mehr nur die vage Hoffnung
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