NASA Space Radiation Program Element

NASA Space Radiation Program Element https://spaceradiation.jsc.nasa.gov/newsletter/archive/2009/spring/

SPACE RADIATION PROGRAM ELEMENT

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NEWSLETTER Spring 2009 NEWS ARCHIVE (../../../archive)

Executive Editor: Dr. Francis Cucinotta Contributing Editor: Kay Nute

In this issue

A New NASA Research Announcement for Ground-Based Studies in Space Radiation Radiobiology (index.cfm#nra) NASA Announces Selection of Students for 2009 Space Radiation Summer School (index.cfm#srss) Call for Articles for THREE - The Health Risks of Extraterrestrial Environments (index.cfm#three) Abstract Deadline Extended for 20th Annual NASA Space Radiation Investigators' Workshop and Heavy Ions in Therapy and Space Symposium (index.cfm#abstract) Announcing the 2009 Microdosimetry Conference (index.cfm#microdosimetry) Release of Beta Version of Acute Radiation Risk Model (ARRBOD) Code (index.cfm#arrbod) Space Radiation Investigators' Publications 2008-2009 (index.cfm#publications) Building a "BR-RIDGE for Communication about Space Radiation (index.cfm#bridge) Space Radiation Spotlight on Fiorenza Ianzini (index.cfm#lanzini)

A New NASA Research Announcement for Ground-Based Studies in Space Radiobiology (http://nspires.nasaprs.com/external /viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=179575/NNJ09ZSA001N.pdf)

NASA/JSC announces plans to solicit ground based proposals for the NASA Research Announcement (NRA) Entitled "Ground-Based Studies in Space Radiobiology". The solicitation number is NNJ09ZSA001NR.

Research to be supported will reduce the uncertainties in risk predictions for cancer risks; provide the necessary data/knowledge to develop risk projection models for central nervous system (CNS) and other degenerative tissue risks; and advance the understanding of the mechanisms of biological damage that underlies radiation health risks.

The solicitation was released on March 17, 2009. The solicitation will be available electronically by opening the NASA Research Opportunities (http://nspires.nasaprs.com/) homepage and then linking through the menu listings "Solicitations" to "Open Solicitations." This National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Research Announcement (NRA) solicits ground-based proposals for the Space Radiation Program Element (SRPE) components of the Human Research Program (HRP).

Proposals are solicited by the SRPE in the area of Space Radiation Biology utilizing beams of high energy heavy ions simulating space radiation at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in Upton, New York.

Step-1 proposals are due on April 23, 2009, and invited Step-2 proposals are due on June 25, 2009. Proposals are required to be submitted electronically and must be submitted by an authorized official of the proposing organization. We encourage interested scientists to submit a proposal to this years Space Radiation NRA.

NASA Announces Selection of Students for 2009 Space Radiation Summer School

NASA's annual Space Radiation Summer School (http://www.dsls.usra.edu/spacerad/2009/) is unique in its ability to offer graduate and postgraduate students the opportunity to learn both radiobiology and accelerator physics from experts in those fields and to perform hands-on accelerator experiments at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (http://www.bnl.gov/medical/NASA/NSRL_description.asp).

This year's three-week course will be held May 27-June 19, 2009 at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory (http://www.bnl.gov) on Long Island. The Scientific Director is William F. Morgan, Ph.D., D. Sc., Director of Radiation Biology and Biophysics in the Biological Sciences Division of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) (http://www.pnl.gov), Richland, Washington.

From 51 applicants, 16 students were selected for the 2009 course.

Marissa Alcantara, Northwestern University Sophie Bouquet, New York University Medical Center Paola Giardullo, Italian Public Health Institute Geraldine Gonon, New Jersey Medical School Shamina Green-Mitchell, Eastern Virginia Medical School Anna Kalota, University of Pennsylvania Adam Lewis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Michelle Morgan, University of Maryland Tony Slaba, Old Dominion University Deepa Sridharan, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Zili Tang, Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center Corey Theriot, University of Texas Medical Branch Frank Tobias, GSI Bertrand Tseng, University of California at Irvine Guillaume Vogin, Alexis Vautrin Cancer Center Libin Zhou, National Institute of Radiological Sciences

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The space radiation research community is invited to submit articles for consideration for THREE - The Health Risks of Extraterrestrial Environments that will debut in late May. THREE will utilize Wiki media software to resemble the Wiki encyclopedia, but THREE will be read-only so that content can be closely monitored and vetted. The goal is for this "encyclopedia" to serve as a central repository for information about space radiation. THREE is not meant to be a scientific journal; rather, it's purpose is to serve as a jumping off point for persons interested in learning more about the topic.

Articles are being sought on the following broad topic areas:

Radiation measurements and dosimetry Radiation chemistry Cell damage and repair Tissue and organ damage and repair Radiation health effects Heavy charged particles and radiation therapy Radiation risk management

Articles will be reviewed by an Editorial Board prior to their posting. For more information about submitting an article, please send an e-mail to [email protected] (mailto:[email protected]) .

Abstract Deadline Extended

The deadline for abstracts (mailto:[email protected]) for the 20th Annual NASA Space Radiation Investigators' Workshop and Heavy Ions in Therapy and Space Symposium (http://www.heavyions2009.de/) has been extended until April 3, 2009.

The Workshop will be held July 6-10, 2009 in Cologne, Germany and will focus on the effects of heavy ions on biological systems. Sessions are planned to offer an improved understanding of the mechanisms involved as humans encounter heavy ions in exploration missions as well as the application of heavy ions for cancer therapy.

Announcing the 2009 Microdosimetry Conference

MICROS 2009 15th International Symposium on Microdosimetry October 25-October 30, 2009 Verona, Italy

An Interdisciplinary Meeting on Ionising Radiation Quality, Molecular Mechanisms, Cellular Effects, and Their Consequences for Low Level Risk Assessment and Radiation Therapy

The Scientific Secretariat, consisting of Roberto Cherubini, INFN, Laboratory Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro-Padova, Italy; Francis A. Cucinotta, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas; Hans G. Menzel, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland; and Peter O'Neill, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, announces MICROS 2009, the 15th International Symposium on Microdosimetry.

The Symposium (http://agenda.infn.it/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=914) will provide a forum for scientists to exchange and discuss recent scientific data and findings on relevant basic physical and biological mechanisms of radiation action and their consequences for risk assessment and radiation therapy, including proton and carbon ion therapy.

Presentations and intensive interdisciplinary discussion of progress in radiation physics, radiation chemistry, molecular and cellular biology, oncology and epidemiology are expected.

Importance will also be given to reviewing the progress made in modelling the multi-step process of radiation-induced cancer and its application to epidemiological data, in particular for the better quantification of low dose and low dose rate risk.

The Symposium will also provide an opportunity to discuss the current status of topical non-linear phenomena, such as non-targeted and delayed effects, including radiation-induced bystander effects, genomic instability, adaptive response and low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity.

Emphasis will be placed on the recent technical developments in radiation detection and novel irradiation techniques, in particular to the current state of the microbeam technology for single cell/tissue irradiation and of its biological applications.

The city of Verona, dating back to the Roman Empire and the locale for Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and Two Gentlemen of Verona, will serve as the venue for the Symposium.

MICROS2009 INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro Viale dell'Università 2 I-35020 LEGNARO, Padova, Italy

E-mail ([email protected]) Website (http://micros2009.lnl.infn.it)

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The NASA BRYNTRN (Baryon Transport) code and the Acute Radiation Risk (ARR) code have been combined into a user friendly GUI (Graphical User Interface) to predict organ doses and prodromal risks for major solar particle events. The GUI has been developed by SRPE with Complete Solutions (http://www.complete-solutions.com).

A limited number of beta versions are being released for feedback. Rollout of the first completed version is planned for June, 2009 with future updates anticipated.

Additional details on the science underlying the codes may be found in the following references:

Cucinotta FA, Wilson JW, Badavi F F. Extension to the BRYNTRN code to monoenergetic light ion beams (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov /19950009376_1995109376.pdf). Washington DC: NASA; Report No. TP-3472; 1994.

Wilson JW, Townsend LW, Nealy JE, Chun SY, Hong BS, Buck WW, Lamkin SL, Ganapole BD, Kahn F, and Cucinotta FA. BRYNTRN: A Baryon transport model (http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19890008191_1989008191.pdf). Washington DC: NASA; Report No. TP-2887; 1989.

Kim MY, Cucinotta FA, Wilson JW. A temporal forecast of radiation environments for future space exploration missions (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007 /s00411-006-0080-1). Radiat Environ Biophys 46:95-100; 2007.

Hu S., Kim MY, McClellan GE, Cucinotta FA. Modeling the acute health effects of astronauts from exposure to large solar particle events, Health Physics (April 2009).

The Space Radiation Program Element announces supported publications from 2008 and 2009.

Chylack, L.T., Peterson, L.E., Feiveson, A., Wear, M., Manuel, F.K., Tung, W.H, Hardy, D.S, Marak, L.J., Cucinotta, F.A.: NASCA Report 1: Cross-Sectional Study of Relationship of Exposure to Space Radiation and Risk of Lens Opacity. Radiation Research (in press), 2009.

George, K.A., Elliott, T., Kawata, T., Pluth, J.M., and Cucinotta, F.A.: Biological Effectiveness of Low Doses of gamma-rays and Iron Nuclei for Induction of Chromosome Aberrations in Normal and Repair Deficient Cell Lines. Radiation Research (in press), 2009.

Hu S, Kim M-HY, McClellan GE, Cucinotta FA. 2009. Modeling the acute health effects of astronauts from exposure to large solar particle events. Health Physics 2009; 96:4 465-476.

Ianzini F, Kosmacek EA, Nelson ES, Napoli E, Erenpreisa J, Kalejs M, Mackey MA. Activation of meiosis-specific genes is associated with depolyploidization of human tumor cells following radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe. Cancer Res. 2009 Mar 15;69(6):2296-304.

Kim, M.Y., Hayat, M.J., Feiveson, A.H. ,and Cucinotta, F.A., Prediction Of Frequency And Exposure Level Of Solar Particle Events. Health Phys (in press) 2009.

Plante I., and Cucinotta F.A.: Ionization and excitation cross sections for the interaction of HZE particles in liquid water and application to Monte-Carlo simulation of radiation tracks (http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/10/12 /125020). New Journal of Physics 10, 125020, 2008. December 2008. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630 /10/12/125020)

Reitz G, Berger T, Bilski P, Facius R, Hajek M, Petrov V, Puchalska M, Zhou D, Bossler J, Akatov J, Shurshakov V, Olko P, Ptaszkiewicz M, Bergmann R, Fugger M, Vana N, Beaujean R, Burmeister S, Bartlett D, Hager L, Palfalvi J, Szabo J, O'Sullivan D, Kitamura H, Uchihoro Y, Yasuda N, Nagamatsu A, Tawara H, Benton E, Gaza R, McKeever S, Sawakuchi G, Yukihara E, Cucinotta F, Semones E, Zapp N, Miller J and Dettmann J. Astronaut's organ doses inferred from measurements in a human phantom outside the International Space Station (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1559.1). Radiation Research 171, 225-235, 2009. (http://dx.doi.org /10.1667/RR1559.1)

Valtonen, V., Nurmi, P., Zheng, J.Q., Cucinotta, F.A., Wilson, J.W., Horneck, G., Lindegren, L., Melosh, J., Rickman, H., Mileikowsky, C.: Natural Transfer of

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Viable Microbes in Space from Planets in Extra-Solar Systems to a Planet in our Solar System and Vice Versa (http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/210). Astrophysical Journal. 690, 210-215 2009. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/210)

Almog N, Ma L, Raychowdhury R, Schwager C, Erber R, Short S, Hlatky L, Vajkoczy P, Huber PE, Folkman J, Abdollahi A. Transcriptional switch of dormant tumors to fast-growing angiogenic phenotype (http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2590). Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 1;69(3):836-44. Epub 2009 Jan 27.

Sanchez MC, Benitez A, Ortloff L, Green LM. Alterations in glutamate uptake in NT2-derived neurons and astrocytes after exposure to gamma radiation (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1361.1). Radiat Res. 2009 Jan;171(1):41-52.

Roig AI, Hight SK, Shay JW.Two- and three-dimensional models for risk assessment of radiation-enhanced colorectal tumorigenesis (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667 /RR1415.1). Radiat Res. 2009 Jan;171(1):33-40.

Mao XW, Crapo JD, Mekonnen T, Lindsey N, Martinez P, Gridley DS, Slater JM. Radioprotective effect of a metalloporphyrin compound in rat eye model (http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a908189096~db=all~order=page). Curr Eye Res. 2009 Jan;34(1):62-72. (http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a908189096~db=all~order=page)

Groesser T, Cooper B, Rydberg B. Lack of bystander effects from high-LET radiation for early cytogenetic end points (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1458.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Dec;170(6):794-802.

Bigelow AW, Geard CR, Randers-Pehrson G, Brenner DJ. Microbeam-integrated multiphoton imaging system (http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3043439). Rev Sci Instrum. 2008 Dec;79(12):123707.

Lloyd SA, Bandstra ER, Travis ND, Nelson GA, Bourland JD, Pecaut MJ, Gridley DS, Willey JS, Bateman TA. Spaceflight-relevant types of ionizing radiation and cortical bone: Potential LET effect? (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2008.08.006) Adv Space Res. 2008 Dec 15;42(12):1889-97.

Ye Zhang, Larry H. Rohde, Kamal Emami, Dianne Hammond, Rachael Casey, Satish K. Mehta, Antony S. Jeevarajan, Duane L. Pierson, Honglu Wu. Suppressed expression of non-DSB repair genes inhibits gamma-radiation-induced cytogenetic repair and cell cycle arrest (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016 /j.dnarep.2008.07.009). DNA Repair, Volume 7, Issue 11, 1 November 2008, Pages 1835-1845.

Williams JR, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Gridley DS, Koch CJ, Slater JM, Little JB. Overview of radiosensitivity of human tumor cells to low-dose-rate irradiation (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1928). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Nov 1;72(3):909-17.

Ponomarev AL, Costes SV, Cucinotta FA. Stochastic properties of radiation-induced DSB: DSB distributions in large scale chromatin loops, the HPRT gene and within the visible volumes of DNA repair foci (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016140?ordinalpos=2& itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum). Int J Radiat Biol. 2008 Nov;84(11):916-29.

Maxwell CA, Fleisch MC, Costes SV, Erickson AC, Boissière A, Gupta R, Ravani SA, Parvin B, Barcellos-Hoff MH. Targeted and nontargeted effects of ionizing radiation that impact genomic instability (http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1212). Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 15;68(20):8304-11.

Shao G, Balajee AS, Hei TK, Zhao Y. p16INK4a downregulation is involved in immortalization of primary human prostate epithelial cells induced by telomerase (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mc.20434). Mol Carcinog. 2008 Oct;47(10):775-83.

Acevedo SE, McGinnis G, Raber J. Effects of 137Cs gamma irradiation on cognitive performance and measures of anxiety in Apoe-/- and wild-type female mice (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1494.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Oct;170(4):422-8.

Dziegielewski J, Baulch JE, Goetz W, Coleman MC, Spitz DR, Murley JS, Grdina DJ, Morgan WF. WR-1065, the active metabolite of amifostine, mitigates radiation-induced delayed genomic instability (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.004). Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 15 December 45(12): 1674-1681.

Whalen MK, Gurai SK, Zahed-Kargaran H, Pluth JM. Specific ATM-mediated phosphorylation dependent on radiation quality (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667 /RR1354.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Sep;170(3):353-64.

Mukherjee B, Camacho CV, Tomimatsu N, Miller J, Burma S. Modulation of the DNA-damage response to HZE particles by shielding (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016 /j.dnarep.2008.06.016). DNA Repair (Amst). 2008 October 7(10) :1717-1730.

Gridley DS, Obenaus A, Bateman TA, Pecaut MJ. Long-term changes in rat hematopoietic and other physiological systems after high-energy iron ion irradiation (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18661371?ordinalpos=8& itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum). Int J Radiat Biol. 2008 Jul;84(7):549-59.

Cucinotta FA, Kim MH, Willingham V, George KA. Physical and biological organ dosimetry analysis for International Space Station astronauts (http://dx.doi.org /10.1667/RR1330.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Jul;170(1):127-38.

Sudo H, Garbe J, Stampfer MR, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Kronenberg A. Karyotypic instability and centrosome aberrations in the progeny of finite life-span human mammary epithelial cells exposed to sparsely or densely ionizing radiation (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1317.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Jul;170.

Kennedy AR, Davis JG, Carlton W, Ware JH. Effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation on the development of malignant lymphoma and other neoplastic lesions in mice exposed to proton or iron-ion radiation (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1296.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Jun;169(6):615-25. .

Bandstra ER, Pecaut MJ, Anderson ER, Willey JS, De Carlo F, Stock SR, Gridley DS, Nelson GA, Levine HG, Bateman TA. Long-term dose response of trabecular bone in mice to proton radiation (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1310.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Jun;169(6):607-14.

Rola R, Fishman K, Baure J, Rosi S, Lamborn KR, Obenaus A, Nelson GA, Fike JR. Hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroinflammation after cranial irradiation with 56 Fe particles (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1263.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Jun;169(6):626-32.

Carsten RE, Bachand AM, Bailey SM, Ullrich RL. Resveratrol reduces radiation-induced chromosome aberration frequencies in mouse bone marrow cells (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1190.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Jun;169(6):633-8.

Sawakuchi GO, Yukihara EG, McKeever SW, Benton ER. Overlap of heavy charged particle tracks and the change in shape of optically stimulated luminescence curves of Al2O3:C dosimeters (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.11.030). Radiat Meas. 2008 Feb-Jun;43(2-6):194-8.

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Burns FJ, Rossman T, Vega K, Uddin A, Vogt S, Lai B, Reeder RJ. Mechanism of selenium-induced inhibition of arsenic-enhanced UVR carcinogenesis in mice (http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2008/10978/abstract.html). Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Jun;116(6):703-8.

Durante M, Cucinotta FA. Heavy ion carcinogenesis and human space exploration. Nat Rev Cancer (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2391). 2008. June 8:465-472.

Hall EJ, Brenner DJ. Cancer risks from diagnostic radiology (http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr/01948454). Br J Radiol. 2008 May;81(965):362-78.

Vlkolinský R, Krucker T, Nelson GA, Obenaus A. 56Fe-particle radiation reduces neuronal output and attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inhibition of long- term potentiation in the mouse hippocampus (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1228.1). Radiat Res. 2008 May;169(5):523-30.

Dingfelder M, Ritchie RH, Turner JE, Friedland W, Paretzke HG, Hamm RN. Comparisons of calculations with PARTRAC and NOREC: Transport of electrons in liquid water (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1099.1). Radiat Res. 2008 May;169(5):584-94.

Agarwal M, Pandita S, Hunt CR, Gupta A, Yue X, Khan S, Pandita RK, Pratt D, Shay JW, Taylor JS, Pandita TK. Inhibition of telomerase activity enhances hyperthermia-mediated radiosensitization (http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5831). Cancer Res. 2008 May 1;68(9):3370-8.

Calaf GM, Echiburú-Chau C, Zhao YL, Hei TK. BigH3 protein expression as a marker for breast cancer (http://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijmm/21/5/561). Int J Mol Med. 2008 May;21(5):561-8.

Roy D, Guida P, Zhou G, Echiburu-Chau C, Calaf GM. Gene expression profiling of breast cells induced by X-rays and heavy ions (http://www.spandidos- publications.com/ijmm/21/5/627). Int J Mol Med. 2008 May;21(5):627-36.

Ding LH, Xie Y, Park S, Xiao G, Story MD. Enhanced identification and biological validation of differential gene expression via Illumina whole-genome expression arrays through the use of the model-based background correction methodology (http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn234). Nucleic Acids Res. June 2008 36 e58.

Rithidech KN, Golightly M, Whorton E. Analysis of cell cycle in mouse bone marrow cells following acute in vivo exposure to (56)Fe ions (http://dx.doi.org /10.1269/jrr.07109). J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 2008 49(4) 437-443.

Gridley DS, Rizvi A, Luo-Owen X, Makinde AY, Coutrakon GB, Koss P, Slater JM, Pecaut MJ. Variable hematopoietic responses to acute photons, protons and simulated solar particle event protons (http://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/ebm/record/18468399/abstract /Variable_hematopoietic_responses_to_acute_photons_protons_and_simulated_solar_particle_event_protons_). In Vivo. 2008 Mar-Apr;22(2):159-69.

Asaithamby A, Uematsu N, Chatterjee A, Story MD, Burma S, Chen DJ. Repair of HZE-particle-induced DNA double-strand breaks in normal human fibroblasts (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1165.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Apr;169(4):437-46.

Wambi C, Sanzari J, Wan XS, Nuth M, Davis J, Ko YH, Sayers CM, Baran M, Ware JH, Kennedy AR. Dietary antioxidants protect hematopoietic cells and improve animal survival after total-body irradiation (http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1667/RR1204.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Apr;169(4):384-96.

Paap B, Wilson DM 3rd, Sutherland BM. Human abasic endonuclease action on multilesion abasic clusters: Implications for radiation-induced biological damage (http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn118). Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 36(8) 2717-2727.

Wang H, Wang X, Zhang P, Wang Y. The Ku-dependent non-homologous end-joining but not other repair pathway is inhibited by high linear energy transfer ionizing radiation (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.01.010). DNA Repair (Amst). 2008 May 3 7(5):725-733.

Gridley DS, Coutrakon GB, Rizvi A, Bayeta EJ, Luo-Owen X, Makinde AY, Baqai F, Koss P, Slater JM, Pecaut MJ. Low-dose photons modify liver response to simulated solar particle event protons (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1155.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Mar;169(3):280-7.

Villasana L, Poage C, van Meer P, Raber J. Passive avoidance learning and memory of 56Fe sham-irradiated and irradiated human apoE transgenic mice (http://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/ebm/record/18666648/full_citation /Passive_avoidance_learning_and_memory_of_56Fe_sham_irradiated_and_irradiated_human_apoE_transgenic_mice). Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2008 Mar- Apr;48(2):167-70.

Elmore E, Lao XY, Kapadia R, Giedzinski E, Limoli C, Redpath JL. Low doses of very low-dose-rate low-LET radiation suppress radiation-induced neoplastic transformation in vitro and induce an adaptive response (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1199.1). Radiat Res. 2008 Mar;169(3):311-8.

Cucinotta, F.A., Pluth, J.M., Anderson, J., Harper, J.V., O'Neill, P.: Biochemical Kinetics Model of DSB Repair And ?H2AX Foci by Non-Homologous End Joining (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1035.1). Radiation Research 169, 214-222, 2008. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR1035.1)

Pluth, J.M., Yamazaki, V., Cooper, B.A., Rydberg, B.E., Kirchgessner C.U., and Cooper, P.K., DNA double strand break repair and chromosomal rejoining defects with misrejoining in Nijmegen breakage syndrome cells (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.08.004). DNA Rep. 7, 108-118 2008. (http://dx.doi.org /10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.08.004)

Rostek C, Turner EL, Robbins M, Rightnar S, Xiao W, Obenaus A, Harkness TA. Involvement of homologous recombination repair after proton-induced DNA damage (http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gem055). Mutagenesis. 2008 Feb 10.

Weterings E, Chen DJ. The endless tale of non-homologous end-joining (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2008.3). Cell Res. 2008 Jan;18(1):114-24. (PI: D.J. Chen) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2008.3)

Kovalchuk O, Baulch JE. Epigenetic changes and nontargeted radiation effects-Is there a link? (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.20361) Environ Mol Mutagen. 2008 Jan;49(1):16-25.

(http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.20361)

Building a "BR-RIDGE" for Communication about Space Radiation

Members of the space radiation research community - who are also members of the Radiation Research Society - are invited to participate in a BR-RIDGE on the Radiation Research Society's Web page. This is similar to a bulletin board in which members can comment on postings and discuss topics of mutual

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interest. Eleanor Blakely and Michael Story have established the group, and its members must be all be members of the Radiation Research Society.

To join the BR-RIDGE to discuss Space Radiation Research, Society members should first login, with their User ID and Password, on the Society's member login page (http://www.radres.org). Next, click on BR-RIDGE groups under the 'Members Only' menu on the left side of the page. Scroll through the list of groups to find "Space Radiation Research," currently the last BR-RIDGE listed. There are two "Sticky" messages under Space Radiation Research: one is a list of current members and the other offers instructions for joining the BR-RIDGE group.

This BR-RIDGE will provide a platform for investigators interested in basic and applied radiation research to dialogue on issues relevant to physics, biology, chemistry and medicine in space travel. It will also provide an opportunity to share information informally regarding experimental problems and solutions, and for team-formulated suggestions to the need for relevant scientific sessions at the RRS national meeting.

Space Radiation Spotlight on Fiorenza Ianzini

Looking back on the path that brought her to a career in radiobiology, Fiorenza Ianzini often thinks that if her high school in Rome, Italy, had only a four-year curriculum, she would have gone on to study Philosophy. Fortunately for science, however, her high school curriculum lasted five years! Her fifth high school year brought to her a deeper love for physics and mathematics that guided her choice of engaging in Science, a choice that she never regretted.

Fiorenza Ianzini was born and raised in Rome, Italy where she completed her studies at the University La Sapienza, earning a Laurea in Biology (Summa cum Laude), while working in the Radiation Laboratory at the Istituto Superiore di Sanita' (ISS). She became her training in science as a spectroscopist working in the field of translocation and binding of key regulatory plasma metallo-proteins (such as transferrin and ceruloplasmin) and cell membrane anisotropy and fluidity changes induced by temperature and radiation treatments and utilized techniques such as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In these first years, as a grad student and a young graduate, she enjoyed the guidance and collaboration of established biophysicists at the ISS, such as Pietro Luigi Indovina, Salvatore Cannistraro, Laura Giudoni and Vincenza Viti. During this time Fiorenza worked for her thesis, earned her degree and continued to work at the ISS under the sponsorship of fellowships from Institutions such as the ISS, the Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), the University of Perugia, the European Community, and the National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).

Fiorenza spent two years at the University of Wisconsin-Madison as a Post-doctoral Fellow in the laboratory of Milton Yatvin in the Department of Human Oncology studying the effects of hyperthermia treatment on bacterial cells and biological membranes. In the late 1980s, back in Rome again, she was offered a position as Scientist at the ISS in the Physics Laboratory, formerly the Radiation Laboratory. In this new position she joined the group of Mauro Belli and shifted her interests toward the field of radiation biology and began studies of the biological effectiveness of ionizing radiation of different qualities and energies on mammalian cells. She engaged in fruitful collaborations with scientists such as Dudley Goodhead at MRC in England, Marco Durante and Gianfranco Grossi at the University of Naples, Daniela Bettega and Lucia Tallone at the University of Milan, and Roberto Cherubini at the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Legnaro, Padova (INFN-LNL). Fiorenza is still active at INFN-LNL where she is an Associated Senior Scientist. These were engaging and satisfying years, the group traveled a lot between Rome and Padova and Rome and Harwell, and important contributions were made in the area of DNA damage and repair, cell inactivation and mutation induction in the field of radiation biology. In particular, the group was among the first to show that densely ionizing radiation of different energies/LET have different biological effectiveness, thus furnishing experimental evidence to the theoretical track structure calculations that predicted that energy deposition is dependent not only upon the particle type but also on the initial energy of the beam.

Besides her Post-doctoral studies in the States, Fiorenza has also been a Visiting Scientist at Institutions such as the Central Research Institute for Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest, Hungary; the Laboratory for Endocrinology and Metabolism, at the Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; the Medical Research Council, former Radiobiology Unit, at Harwell, England; and the Department of Therapeutic Radiology at Yale University.

In the 1990s Fiorenza took part into the TERA Project headed by Ugo Amaldi that was aimed at the development of new advanced technologies/facilities for proton and hadron ion therapy. Within this project, she was involved in studies aimed at characterizing the biophysical and radiobiological properties of hadrons as it pertains to radiotherapy.

In 1996 Fiorenza moved to the US where she joined her husband, also a scientist, mostly involved in hyperthermia studies at that time, at Washington University in St. Louis. At WU she held a faculty position in the Section of Cancer Biology at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology in the School of Medicine. WU brought to Fiorenza a fruitful collaboration with her husband, Michael Mackey, and together they delved into the effects of hyperthermia and radiation treatments on the cell cycle progression in human cancer cells, and characterized radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe (MC), still the major focus of Fiorenza's work. In 2000 they were both recruited by the University of Iowa where Fiorenza is an Assistant Professor in the Departments of Pathology, Radiation Oncology and Biomedical Engineering. At UI she is also a Member of the Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center (HCCC), a Faculty Member in the Biosciences Graduate Program and in the Free Radical and Radiation Biology Graduate Program (FRRB). She teaches Radiation Biology within the FRRB Program and Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Cell Death in the Advanced Toxicology Graduate Course. In addition, she facilitates small group discussions for the Principles in Molecular and Cell Biology Graduate Course, the Foundations of Clinical Practice in the College of Medicine, and the Pathogenesis of Major Human Diseases Graduate Course. Fiorenza has also had the pleasure of lecturing for the Radiation Biology Program in the Department of Radiation Medicine at Loma Linda University where she enjoys the friendship and the newly established collaboration with Lora Green.

Fiorenza is also the Editor-in-Chief of the new open access publication International Journal of Cell Division, and the Director of the Large Scale Digital Cell Analysis System (LSDCAS), a live cell imaging system developed completely in-house, and designed to analyze many features of living cell populations for periods up to a month. Thus, the cell imaging system allows for long term studies of the fate of cell populations exposed to a variety of cytotoxic or genotoxic agents. LSDCAS is a Core Facility of the HCCC (http://www.uihealthcare.com/depts/cancercenter/research/digitalanalysiscore.html).

In the last nine years at UI, Fiorenza has been studying molecular mechanisms of cell cycle perturbation, genomic instability and MC induced by sparsely and densely ionizing radiations in human normal and

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cancer cells, with the ultimate goal of defining the underlying mechanisms involved in radiation-induced cancer, the resistance of cancer to radiation treatment, and tumor progression.

Much progress in this area of research has been made by the group that Fiorenza now leads at UI, both with sparsely ionizing radiations (studies aimed at characterizing molecular mechanisms of cancer resistance to treatment and tumor progression) and with densely ionizing radiations (studies aimed at characterizing the molecular mechanisms involved in radiation carcinogenesis in normal cells).

The studies with sparsely ionizing radiations have demonstrated that a fraction of polyploid cancer cells formed via radiation-induced MC can survive and start a process of depolyploidization through a series of reductive divisions. Although most cells undergo some abnormal division after these treatments, about 1% of the cells that become polyploid still remain proliferative after about a period of two weeks. The surviving (originally polyploid) cell populations have regained the ability to perform binary cell division, and appear to be morphologically identical to the untreated cell population. Molecular analysis of genes expressed during depolyploidization has shown that meiotic-specific genes are up-regulated in these cells, thus, spawning the hypothesis that reductive division may play a role in the formation of small, mononucleated cell progeny from a polyploid cell population. Thus, it might be that cancer cells are able to activate a temporary change from a pro-mitotic to a pro-meiotic division regimen to re-enter a proliferative state. These findings might be important to furthering our understanding of the basic mechanisms of cancer resistance to treatment and tumor progression.

Current studies using densely ionizing radiation are focused on determining relationships between many different cellular and molecular parameters." We are using the following endpoints: rate of cell killing, mutation induction, expression of mitotic/meiotic regulators, production and persistence of DNA damage (delayed DNA damage), and a series of morphological events studied using event analysis of live cell image streams". Besides confirming that 1 GeV iron ions are more effective in cell killing and mutation induction than ?-rays, we have also found persistent DNA damage, measured as presence of phosphorylated HA2X. DNA dsb are produced post-iron ion irradiation, at levels of about 5 to 20 times of control levels. This damage is persistent during the course of the experiment (seven days post-irradiation) and correlates with live cell imaging data obtained using LSDCAS that show that at the time of highest measurable damage, cells irradiated with a dose of 2 Gy of iron ions show a higher probability of abnormal division and cell fusion, when compared to cells irradiated with sparsely ionizing radiation. Thus, accelerated iron ions appear able to induce MC. With the idea in mind that the same mechanisms responsible for cancer progression might also be responsible for cancer development, we have started measuring the expression of meiotic genes post-iron irradiation in normal cells. Preliminary immunoblotting and immunofluorescence data show that the meiosis-specific proteins SPO11 and SYCP3 are expressed in iron irradiated cells. If normal cells that have undergone radiation-induced MC are able to survive the detrimental effects of radiation and form viable clones, the genome integrity of these cells might have changed, and these alterations might present a focal spot for cancer to develop. Understanding the fate of irradiated cells and their potential for long-lasting survival might lead us towards a better characterization of the carcinogenic effects of radiation exposure.

The involvement with NASA has made for a very stimulating journey. Fiorenza appreciates very much the scientists that make up the radiation biology community at NASA. She travels frequently to BNL and Loma Linda University to perform radiation experiments with HZE ions and protons. The association with NASA has allowed Fiorenza to establish valuable new collaborations and friendships, such as those with Lora Green and Andre Obenaus, and to reconnect and remain in touch with old-time friends.

She shares her philosophy of science and discovery: "You have to become a very patient person, you have to gain strength from frustration, and you have to pursue what you believe in - no matter how crazy the idea might seem to your peers. Then, of course, you have to be able to deal with the concept: will this "crazy" idea of mine ever be funded?"

What Fiorenza has always enjoyed about her work is the freedom that can be found in exploring different scientific ideas.

Selected Publications:

S. Cannistraro, F. Ianzini, P.L. Indovina. "Electron Spin Resonance Study on the Molecular Interaction Between Human Ceruloplasmin, Iron and Transferrin". Studia Biophysica 1981, 86, 163-175.

F. Ianzini, L. Guidoni, P. L. Indovina, V. Viti, G. Erriu, S. Onnis, P. Randaccio. "Gamma-Irradiation Effects on Phosphatidylcholine Multilayer Liposomes: Calorimetric, NMR and Spectrofluorimetric Studies". Rad. Res. 1984, 98, 154-166.

F. Ianzini, L. Guidoni, M. T. Santini, G. Simone, V. Viti, M. B. Yatvin. "Hyperthermia and pH Variation Effects on Extracted Lipidis and Membranes from E. Coli K-1060: A 31P NMR Study". Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1987, 51, 935.

F. Ianzini, M. B. Yatvin. "Ferrous Ion-Ascorbate and X-Ray Irradiation Effects on Multilamellar Liposomes of Phosphatidylglycerols". Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1987,51, 936.

F. Ianzini, L. Guidoni, G. Simone, V. Viti, M. B. Yatvin. "Effects of Decreased pH on Membrane Structural Organization of E. Coli Grown in Different Fatty Acids Supplemented Media: a 31P NMR Study". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1990, 278, 1-10.

M. Belli, F. Cera, R. Cherubini, F. Ianzini, G. Moschini, O. Sapora, G. Simone, M. A. Tabocchini, P. Tiveron.

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"RBE-LET Relationships for V79 Cells Irradiated with Low-Energy Protons". Radiat. Prot. Dos. 1990, 31, 309-310.

M. Belli, F. Cera, R. Cherubini, F. Ianzini, G. Moschini, O. Sapora, G. Simone, M. A. Tabocchini, P. Tiveron. "Mutation Induction and RBE-LET Relationship of Low Energy Protons in V79 Cells". Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1991, 59, 459-465.

M. Belli, D. T. Goodhead, F. Ianzini, T. J. Jenner, G. Simone, M. A. Tabocchini. "The Use of DNA Precipitation Assay for Evaluating dsb Induced by High and Low LET Radiations: Comparison with Sedimentation Results". in: The Early Effects of Radiation on DNA (edited by E. M. Fielden and P. O'Neill), NATO ASI Series, Springer Verlag. Series H: Cell Biology 1991, 54, 309-310.

D. T. Goodhead, M. Belli, A. J. Mills, D. A. Bance, L. A. Allen, S. C. Hall, F. Ianzini, G. Simone, D. L. Stevens, A. Stretch, M. A. Tabocchini, R. E. Wilkinson. "Direct Comparison Between Protons and Alpha-Particles of the Same LET: I. Irradiation Methods and Inactivation of Asynchronous V79, HeLa and C3H 10T1/2 Cells". Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1992, 61, 611-624.

M. Belli, D. T. Goodhead, F. Ianzini, G. Simone, M. A. Tabocchini. "Direct Comparison Between Protons and Alpha-Particles of the Same LET: II. Mutation Induction at the HPRT Locus in V79 Cells". Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1992, 61, 625-629.

T. J. Jenner, M. Belli, D. T. Goodhead, F. Ianzini, G. Simone, M. A. Tabocchini. "Direct Comparison Between Protons and Alpha-Particles of the Same LET: III. Initial Yield of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in V79 Cells". Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1992, 61, 631-637.

M. Belli, F. Cera, R. Cherubini, D. T. Goodhead, A. M. I. Haque, F. Ianzini, G. Moschini, O. Sapora, G. Simone, M. A. Tabocchini, P. Tiveron. "The Importance of the Track Structure of Different Charged Particles Having the Same LET for Biophysical Modelling". in: "Low Dose Irradiation and Biological Defense Mechanisms", (T. Sugahara, L. A. Sagan, T. Aoyama eds.) Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1992, 445-448.

F. Ianzini, M. Belli, M. A. Tabocchini, O. Sapora, F. Cera, R. Cherubini, M. Dalla Vecchia, A. M. I. Haque, G. Moschini, P. Tiveron, G.Simone. "The induction and Rejoining of DNA dsb in V79 Cells Exposed to Low Energy Protons". In: "Radiations: from Theory to Multidisciplinary Applications", Editrice Felici, Pisa (P. Salvadori ed.) 1996, 195-198.

F. Ianzini, M. A. Mackey. "Spontaneous Premature Chromosome Condensation and Mitotic Catastrophe Following Irradiation of HeLa S3 Cells". Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 1997, 72, 409-421.

F. Ianzini, M. A. Mackey. "Delayed DNA Damage Associated with Mitotic Catastrophe Following X-Irradiation of HeLa S3 Cells". Mutagenesis, 1998, 13, 337-344.

M. Belli, F. Cera, R. Cherubini, M. Dalla Vecchia, A. M. I. Haque, F. Ianzini, G. Moschini, O. Sapora, G. Simone, M. A. Tabocchini, P. Tiveron. "RBE-LET Relationships for Cell Inactivation and Mutation Induced by Low Energy Protons in V79 Cells: Further Results at the LNL Facility". Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 1998, 74, 501-509.

F. Ianzini, R. Cherubini, M. A. Mackey. "Mitotic catastrophe induced by exposure of V79 Chinese hamster cells to low energy protons". Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 1999, 75, 717-723.

M. A. Mackey, F. Ianzini. "Enhancement of Radiation-Induced Mitotic Catastrophe by Moderate Hyperthermia". Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 2000, 76, 273-280.

F. Ianzini, M. A. Mackey. "Development of the Large-Scale Digital Cell Analysis System" Rad. Prot. Dos., 2002, 99, 289-293.

F. Ianzini, L. Bresnahan, L. Wang, K. Anderson, M. A. Mackey. "The Large Scale Digital Cell Analysis System and its Use in the Quantitative Analysis of Cell Populations". In: "The Second Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology" (A. Dittmar and E. Beebe, eds) EEE Press: Piscataway, NJ, 2002, pp. 470-475.

M. A. Mackey, K. R. Anderson, L. E. Bresnahan, F. E. Domann, G. Gallardo, F. Ianzini, E. A. Kosmacek, Y. Li, M. Sonka, D. R. Spitz, Y. Sun, L. Wang, F. Yang. "The Large Scale Digital Cell Analysis System: A Unique Tool for the Study of Molecular and Cellular Phenomena in Living Cell Populations". Molecular Imaging, 2003, 2, 226.

M. A. Mackey, K. R. Anderson, L. E. Bresnahan, F. Ianzini, Y. Li, M. Sonka, L. Wang. "Analysis of Cell Motility in Human Brain Tumor Cells using the Large Scale Digital Cell Analysis System". Molecular Imaging, 2003, 2, 269-270.

M. A. Mackey, M. Coleman, F. Ianzini, E. A. Kosmacek, D. R. Spitz. "Detection and Quantification of Reactive Oxygen Species in Living Cells Using the Large Scale Digital Cell Analysis System". Molecular Imaging, 2003, 2, 226-227.

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M. A. Mackey, F. E. Domann, F. Ianzini, B. A. Keller, E. A. Kosmacek. "Use of the Large Scale Digital Cell Analysis System in the Study of Phenotypic Changes in an Adenovirus Gene Expression System". Molecular Imaging, 2003, 2, 233.

F. Yang, G. Gallardo, M. A. Mackey, F. Ianzini, M. Sonka. "Segmentation and Quantitative Analysis of the Living Tumor Cells Using Large Scale Digital Cell Analysis System". SPIE Series, 2004, 5370, 1755-1763.

G. Gallardo, F. Ianzini, M. A. Mackey, M. Sonka, F. Yang. "Mitotic Cell Recognition with Hidden Markov Models". SPIE Series, 2004, 5367, 661-668.

F. Yang, M. A. Mackey, F. Ianzini, G. Gallardo M. Sonka. "Cell Segmentation, Tracking, and Mitosis Detection Using Temporal Context". Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005, 3749, 302-309.

Je. Erenpreisa, M. Kalejs, A. Ivanov, T. M. Illidge, F. Ianzini, E. A. Kosmacek, M. A. Mackey, A. Dalmane, M. S. Cragg. "Genomes Segregation in Polyploid Tumor Cells Following Mitotic Catastrophe". Cell Biology International, 2005, 29, 1005-1011.

F. Ianzini, A. Bertoldo, E. A. Kosmacek, S. L. Phillips, M. A. Mackey. "Lack of p53 Function Promotes Radiation-Induced Mitotic Catastrophe in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells". Cancer Cell International 2006, 6:11, doi:10.1186/1475-2867-6-11.

F. Ianzini, F.E. Domann, E.A. Kosmacek, S.L Phillips, M.A. Mackey. "Human Glioblastoma U87MG Cells Transduced with a Dominant Negative p53 Adenovirus Construct Undergo Radiation-Induced Mitotic Catastrophe". Radiation Research, 2007, 168, 183-192.

P.J. Davis, E.A. Kosmacek, Y. Sun, F. Ianzini, M.A. Mackey. "The Large Scale Digital Cell Analysis System: Open Source, Freely Available Software for Live Cell Imaging". Journal of Microscopy, 2007,228, 296-308.

Je. Erenpreisa, A. Ivanov, S.P. Wheatley, E.A. Kosmacek, F. Ianzini, A.P Anisimov, M.A. Mackey, P.J. Davis, G. Plakhins, T.M. Illidge. "Endopolyploidy in Irradiated p53 Deficient Tumour Cell Lines: Persistence of Cell Division Activity in Giant Cells Expressing Aurora B-Kinase". Cell Biol. Int.,2008, 32, 1044-1056.

F. Ianzini, E. A. Kosmacek, E. S. Nelson, E. Napoli, J. Erenpreisa, M. Kalejs, M. A. Mackey. "Activation of Meiosis-Specific Genes is Associated with Depolyploidization of Human Tumor Cells Following Radiation-Induced Mitotic Catastrophe. Cancer Res., 2009, March 15th, in press.

Y. Sun, P. Davis. E. A. Kosmacek, F. Ianzini, M. A. Mackey. "An Open-Source Deconvolution Software Package for 3-D Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging". Journal of Microscopy, 2009, in press.

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