Protecting ’s Integrity Project Presentation

Assaad SEIF, PhD

UNESCO DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF ANTIQUITIES, RAYMOND LEMAIRE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR CONSERVATION, K.U. LEUVEN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ST. LIEVEN THE 2006 WAR IN LEBANON CAPACITY BUILDING OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES AFFECTED BY THE 2006 WAR IN LEBANON

1. 2006 war in Lebanon Baalbeck Beirut 2. Damage extent unknown

3. DGA made Project Draft for UNESCO Funding

Tyre 4. Funding included: Acquirement of the hardware, Training, Fieldwork

DGA Primary Target

• Accurate high definition 3D digital data and documentation for the monuments of Baalbek, using advanced laser scanning technologies. • Definition of the proper change detection algorithms and to test their efficiency on the generated point clouds of the Baalbek monuments. The need is to detect the changes and decays that can occur in the architecture monuments of Baalbek as flaking, elements loss, subsidence, etc... • The definition of the proper procedure in order to perform a regular update of the digital documentation for each monument as to detect the above mentioned changes and alterations if they occur. • The presence of a specialized unit at the DGA with participants from UL, ESGT, and local experts that will be trained to produce digital documentation for monuments of world heritage sites. ANNOUNCMENT

• UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO Center for Spatial Information Science • SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ZURICH Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry • UNIVERSITY COLLEDGE LONDON Department of Geomatic Engineering • ICOMOS - CIPA Committee for Documentation of Cultural Heritage • ENGLISH HERITAGE English Heritage Metric Survey Team • ICCROM

RAYMOND LEMAIRE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR CONSERVATION, K.U. LEUVEN Two Phase Project

1. Acquisition of a complete 3D survey using laser scanning.

Previous measurements available BUT not sufficient to conceive a risk assessment study.

2. Use 3D data as baseline information for a risk preparedness strategy. Project Implementation

• Phase I to be completed in collaboration between Lebanon’s Directorate General of Antiquities, local experts and consultants from the Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) in order to properly achieve the 3D recording of the property, using a time-of-flight laser scanning device that will produce a reliable and accurate set of 3D point clouds. • Phase II should focus on providing the methodological framework for “Risk Preparedness” in order to evaluate the rate of decay affecting the integrity of the fabric and the significance of the property. Baalbek Temple Complex

hexagonal court

Jupiter temple

propylaea

grand court Venus Temple

Bacchus Temple Baalbek Temple Complex

• 15 BC, The golden age of Roman building with Augustus, construction of the great Temple of Jupiter.

• 1st - 3rd century AD, construction of the other parts

• 634 AD, Muslim armies entered Syria and besieged Baalbek and the site was converted into a citadel.

• 13th – 15th century, numerous powerful earthquakes.

• 1898 the German emperor, William II organized the first restoration of the ancient temples, followed by the French government and later the Lebanese Department of Antiquities.

• This Site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1984. Baalbek Temple Complex

120 m 400 m

Survey / Data Acquisition . Survey / Data Acquisition

Reconnaissance

Control network

Laser Scanning

Photogrammetry . Survey / Data Acquisition

Reconnaissance

Control network

Laser Scanning

Photogrammetry

. Survey / Data Acquisition

Reconnaissance

Control network

Laser Scanning

Photogrammetry . Survey / Data Acquisition

Reconnaissance

Control network

Laser Scanning

Photogrammetry . Survey / Data Acquisition . Survey / Data Acquisition . Survey / Data Acquisition

Reconnaissance

Control network

Laser Scanning

Photogrammetry Post Processing

•Surface decay recording •Assessment of the Structural integrity •Preventive conservation Measures •Creation of the GIS and 3D Database •Model Testing and evaluation of Methods •Manuals / Procedures •Publication Risk Assessment

Condition Assessment Structural Integrity

Condition Assessment Assessment of the Structural Integrity

Development of the circular chamber Assessment of the Structural Integrity

Color coded normal map

(Colors indicate the horizontal angle of the normal to the surface of the wall)

Wall is broken in three parts

Eastern Wall Elevation (1/100) Eastern Wall Elevation (1/100) Color coded depth map & Isolines (interval: 1 cm). •Manuals / Procedures •Publication

Future Prospects

• Results

Conductivities from 1 Ωm to 1000 Ωm in the first 5 meters with an average value of 30 Ωm; an obvious discontinuity at 162m from the origin of the profile (red arrow) corresponds to the fault plane.

Conclusion

This two-phase project “Capacity building of human resources for digital documentation of World Heritage Sites affected by the 2006 war in Lebanon” has achieved the development of guidelines and a solid methodology for the preparation of a “Risk Preparedness Strategy” of Baalbek, based on the results of Phase I, in which a group of experts captured a complete physical 3D surface configuration of the property using a 3D laser scanner.

DGA is in the process of updating its current “heritage information strategy”, in order to fully identify essential documentation on heritage places. In fact, the DGA realized that by adopting the use of laser scanning and other digital tools, the amount of information that can be captured of a property in specific periods of time will triplicate, and without a proper strategy this amount of generated data will become unmanageable.

The close coordination between the DGA and the UNESCO office in Beirut along with the international experts allowed the project to reach its aims and to respond to the needs of the local heritage management administration. The methodologies and strategies developed during the implementation of the different phases of the project have set the needed basis and standards for the application of RPS to cover the entire site of Baalbek and consequently other heritage sites in Lebanon in the future. Conclusion

This experience can be of great help to other WH sites management authorities. It could be taken as a model in the integrated approach using the latest technologies along with well known research techniques for the implementation of Risk Preparedness Strategies for their sites in the Future.

Moreover, this project contributed to the experience of both national and international experts; which will help both parties to further improve their methods and applications in their respective future projects. Acknowledgements Questions ?

Special thanks to:

Joseph Kreidi, Frederic Husseini Selim Germanos Ghassan Ghattas Bureau Stephan Koen Van Balen Mario Santana Quintero Bjorn Van Genechten Teresa Particio UNESCO BEIRUT Pierre Smars DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF ANTIQUITIES, LEBANON RAYMOND LEMAIRE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE Lizbeth Lacroix FOR CONSERVATION, K.U. LEUVEN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ST. LIEVEN Tom Coenegrachts