TRIBAL SUB-PLAN 1985-1990
SEVENTH PLAN
TAMIL NADU
Prepared by THE DIRECTOR OF ADI DRAVIDAR AND TRIBAL WELFARE xMADRAS-600 005 >'■ - / - : A-3C. No. //. • kiq .:.l}.\ ir) /' :f' '"nV 3B\n3NTH - 19C5-Q0.
TRIBAX SUi3-PIi^Ii.
chapier. CCMNTS. page nos.
Fron To PAPiT - I,
Introduction. 1 -
I. The Tribails in their setting. •6 - 19.
II. General Appraisal of Progress 20 - 24
III, Perspective for 1905""90 25 “ 34
rv. P rotective measure - Retrospect anf^ Prospect, 35 - 30
V. F inancial outlays for 19C5“ 90 39 “ 42
VI. Planning for Integrated Tribal Developnent Progrannes. 43 - 47
PAi^T - I I .
PROGI^AMMBS.
VII, Marketing. • . 4G - 50
VIII, Horticulture. 51 - 61
IX. Animal Husbandry. 62 - 69
X. Forestry and Forest Policy. 70 & 71
XI. Co-operation. 72 - 77
XII. Irrigation. 70 - 02
XIII, Rural Slectrification, Connunicatic’n and Housing. 03 - 00
XIV, Khadi £^nO Village Industries. 09 - 110
XV. Sericulture, 119 - 124
“ XVI. Education. 125 - 129 CH^^PTEE. CCiraSNTS. NOS.
Prom To XVII. Health and Nutrition. .. 130 - 137 XVIII. Prinking Water. .. 13G - I4O
PApj - III. SPECI/.X rKCGHAMMBS. XIX. Prinitive Groups. .. U1 & U2 XX. liSTjersecl Groups. .. 143 ” 145^ PART - IV.
■ IMELSlMr.^?q), XXI. A(3ainistratlcn one! Personnel Policy. .. 146 - 151 XXII. Planning, Evaluation and jResearch. .» 152-156
annsxtobs. I. Seventh Plan 19G5-9C Sectomi7isG outlays. •« 157 " 160 - 17 II. Tribal Sub-Plan 1976 “to 19C4-85 - A llocation and Expenditure. .• 161&162 II I . Seventh Plan 19C5"90 Physical achievenents and targets. (T.S.P. - I & II.) .. 163 - 177 ^£££££££££££££££iX££££^^
3 - jj ^Q* PART , I ^ ^ ^ 5* ini ?< ^ fgX!C£S.£tl££££,£&&i£&££££. PX/iN 19G5-90.
T r. I B A X S U 3-P X A N ,
I N T K 0 I* U C T I 0
The Constitution of India e-nvisages the fostering? of a faster I'iSce of developnent for the tribals so that they can be brought on to the sans level of developnent as the non-tribal groups. The Pirective Principles of
State .Policy-i-n • the- Oonstrtutian; unS^r*Article ■46,'ehioin' on the State the special responsibility of promotion, with special care, the educational and econonic interest of the weaker sections of the people and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and of protecting then fron social injustice and ex];)loitation. In terns of develoj>nent strategy, this means the id en tifica tion of the "developmental lag" in the tribal connuniti^ and the spelling, out of action plans to make up for the lag.
Special programmes for the development of trib a l areas were, therefore, taken up in the early fifties and subsequently in the form of Tribal X=evelopment Blocks.
These programes continued t ill the end of the Pourth
Plan. The main d iffic u lty about these programmes, in the context of Tamil l^adu, was that they catered to a minority of the total tribal population because of area yis Hills ag Tribal Developnent Blocks, accounting fo r more than 40,000 tribals, against a total of 5 *^*^ lakhs of trifeals in the State (as per 1971 Census). Thus, the central issue of trib a l development in Tamil Nadu by the end of Pourth Plan was one of ensuring larger coverage. With the advent of the Pifth Plan, a new concept of tribal development was evolved. Known as the "tribal Sub-Plan", this concept v/as baaed on integrated area development as a strategy to eliminate the developmental lag in trib a l areas. In the in it ia l stages, Tamil Nadu had some difficulty with this concept algo because the erstwhile yardstick of a block being the minimim qualifying area for e lig ib ilit y for coverage under the programme, continued to be adopted for identifying areas under the Tribal Sub-Plan a Igo. In view of the central issue, namely lack of adequate coverage, continuing to lemain under the New Tribal Sub-Plan concept also, a Modified Area Development Approach was proposed to the Planning Commissio: for adoption in Tamil Nadu, for identifying the qualifying areas under the Tribal Sub-Plan. Under this modified approach, contiguous pockets of atleast 10,000 total population of which atleast 50^ were tribals, vjere iden tified . This v/ag approved by the Planning Commission " 3 - in January, 1976. Nine In1;e£rated Tribal Davelopnent Project areas v/ere identified under the T r i b a l Sub-Plan and the Plan it s e lf was on strean in the sane year. By adopting this nodified approach it was possib3e to identify seven new pockets of tribal concentration, in addition to the erstwhile Tribal HevelopnE nt Blocks of Yercaud and Kolli H. 11s. The following table indicates the names of the nine Integrated Triba 1 Developnent Project areas under the Tribal Sub-Plan, their total population, their tribal population and percentage of tribal population to total population:- -4 - Nane of the Kane of the Name of the ______/to of Tribal I98I Census d is tr ic t. Taluk, trib a l Total. Tribal population Tribal pockets, (1971 CJensus) to total population U .T ,D .P .) population. Cestimated) 1 . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7 . 1. Salem I'Janakkal & Kolli Hills* 25,036 23,799 95.06 30,665 Rasipuram. 2. Salon Yercaud Yerca ud 30,816 16,823 54.59 21,676 3. Salen Att ur Kalrayan 17,038 16,038 94.19 20,665 H ills 4. Salem Salem Aranoothu- 10,143 5,125 50.53 6,604 nalai. 5. Sa len Att ur Pachamalai ^ 10,039 5,109 50,89 6,505 6. North V ellore, Jav/Qdhi 61,327 38,706 63.11 49,962 ^rcot, Polur, H ills. Che ngam, Tirupathur & Vaniyambaa i. 7. South Kallakurichi Ka IrajT-an 24,094 19,018 78.93 3$»59t) Arcot. H ills. 8, Dha rmap uri Har ur S itteri 26,991 13,606 50.41 23,076 H ills 9. Tiruchira- Thura iyur. Pachamalai 11,930 6,922 58.02 20,035 pa H i , Total. 2, 17,414 1, 45,146 66.76 2, 10,057 *Erstwhile T.D.Blocks. -5 - lu may be seen from the above liOble, that even with the modified area development approach, only a little less than 50^^ of the total tribal population in the State (1,45»^46) are covered under the Tribal Sub- Plan. The issue of coverage, then, continues to be elusive though significant progress has been achieved. During the Seventh Plan 19G5“90» therefore, one of the objectives will be to cover the entire tribal population, whether living in ‘area oi xricaj. ounctiutra- tion’ or outside. This will be achieved through the implementation of two new programnie^ i s f u ll measure, ( v iz ) ( i) the programme for the prim.it ive trib e s; and ( i i ) the programnes fo r the disi^ersed groups. These two new programmes plus the Tribal Sub-Plan between themselves cover the entire tribal population in the State. . -6 - CHAPTjj;?. - I, TH5 TRI3AL3 IIJ THSIH SETTING The tribal population of Tamil Nadu is not only small in size but widely scattered algo, According to the Census 1981, the tr ib a l population of Tamil Naduv/as 5.20 lakhs. Though their comparative size is small, their problems are as acute and variegated as they are in the other parts of the Country, warranting urgent and special efforts to tackle them. The broad perspective of the tribal scene in Tamil Nadu presents a rather complex and heterogeneous mosaic which eludes a clear cut geographic categorisation. Even an attempt at a morphological categorisation leaves one with a rather lop sided view for purposes of planning. Therefore, a planning angle is warranted to have a more relevant and a more balanced categorisation of the tribals in Tamil Nadu, Jb^om this angle, then, it is possible to categorise the tribalis in Tamil Nadu into three broad groups. They are: i, those who migrated to tte hilly areas of the northern parts of the Has tern Ghats in Tamil Nadu from the adjoining plains around the 16th Century and mingled with the local inhabitants of those hi 11s5 i i . -Those whose orgin and migration t o the part of Western Ghats lying within Tamil Nadu is s till shrouded in-mystery; and -7 - ili. ethers to be found in tlie hilly areas and plains of other districts. Tribals lollo\\rin£ under category ( i ) are those^ who are called layalis" and are covered h y the Tribal Sub-P^an. They have no distinct morphological features^o^ _^ (A • txsm . the villages of the adjoining plains^ v Those falling under category (ii) are distinct by their morphological features. Tribes like Tod^s, Kotas, Kurumbas, Kittunaic-kens,- Kur umbaa, ■ lOadars*, -Shola-gars etC i, oome ■ under this category. Many of these tribes are small in number and have a level of technology which can be construed as pre-agricultuial and hence primitive, Tribals falling under category (iii) ^re those who are conglomeration of those who are not covered under the Tribal Sub-Plan eventhough ethnically they belong to the same group of tribals as are alrea(3y covered by the Tribal Sub-Plan, and those who are to be found in other hilly areas and plains of other districts but are not classifiable under category ( i ) above because of their dispersal. This is only Q working categorisation for convenience of planning. While categoi57- (i) is covered by Tribal Sub-Plan, category (ii) will be covered by the programme for the Primitive Tribes,and category (iii) by the programme for the Dispersed Groups. This w ill ensure a cent percent coverage of a l l the tribals in the State wherever they liv e . -8 - ■All the tribal areas covered by the Sub-Plan are mainly hilly areas var.yin,2 in elevation ran£in£ between 600 and over 1000 metres and are rich in natural resources inclcd in£ mineral resources, and are enddwed with a v;ide variety of flora and fauna, T^e total geographical area is roughly 5457.49 sq.kms. The land utilisation parti culars of the tribal areas covered under the Sub-Plan are approximately as follows s- In Hectares. 1. Total geographical area, 545*749.00 j 2. Net area soim ' 56,319.44 3. Area sown more than once 10, 339,25 4. Cultivable waste 17,605.35 5. l^nd put to non-agricultural uses, 109,127.78 6. Porest areas, 322,761.80 Though there are no details about the size of the holdings some estimates have been made according to which, about 70 per cent of the total holding's are uneconomic, fa llin g within the range of 2.6 and 5.00 acres. The Jaglr areas of Kalrayan Kills in the South Arcot District and Salem District have not yet been surveyed* However survey v7ork is nearing completion. The ^ la y Q lis v;ho are the most predominent t riba Is ^living in the area are by and large a tradition ridden people". By appearance and dress they are not d ifferen t from the Tainils living in the adjoining rural plains. -9 “ They speak Tamili a slarir^ though. In cerliain aroao p£it tradition, they are saia to have descended Iron five chieftains, all of then brothers, who migrated from Kancheepuram by about by the 16th Century and settled on these hil^-S, after overpowering the local chieftains and marrying the lo ca l women. The men usually wear a loin cloth and a turban which is important to them, . At .times, thej sport an upper garment which is often a towel and occasionally a shift. The women wear saries. Their social customs and traditioml rites are complex and contain certain elements which can be identified as specific constraints to their economic development. -As already noted no distinctive morphological features such as characteristic to the Todas of the Nilgiris are to be noticed in these people. Their huts are made of mud and bamboo and cadjan leaves. They are closely built. They have a false ceiling of bamboo in which they usually dry their collectJUya of galnut. The ceilin g is reached with the help of lo ca lly made ladders. Saving are uncommon and where they do, they keep them buried in the hut itself. In one instance to repay a loan of Rs.100, a trib a l has known to have worked free for as much as one year in the fie ld s of the lender. The staple food for most of the triba Is ia thinai and samai^ Rice is a luxury and available only during important occasions such as feast. The t riba Is eat meal including -1 0 - mutton and pork, though a l l cannot afford such luxuries. The Malayalis are in the habit of spending large sums on social functions. They very often raise resources on usurious rates of interest. Aaded to this is the custom of paying bride p rice. Such socia 1 customs render tte average Malayalis indebted to the h±i3:s. Most of the trib a ls are engaged in economic a c tiv itie s such as extraction of sandal wood, collection and sale of galnut, tamarind etc. Most of them are working as landless labourers. Their villages are to be found scattered all over the hills. While it appears to be fairly easy to change the tribal children to take to modern hygienic way of living and working, it appeals to be rather difficult to effect such a cha r^ge in the adults. However, one encouraging factor is that the tribals do not resist educational institutions as they do the other institutions. Another important point to be noted is that the tribal life is \ generally ambitionless. There is therefore, the need to infuse ambition into their lives. Compared to the general population, the level of development of the tribal population is very low. Compared to the literacy rate of per cent (1981) for the general population, the rate of literacy for the tribals is estimated to be about 20,45 per cent. Most of their c/|.- villages lacl^rotected water siipply. Their houses, • though designed and built to suit the local climate, are -1 1 - olten found to be lacking in strength -'3n3 hygienic upkeep. Quite a few villages are yet to be e le c tr ifie d . Aaequate infrastructures, both overheads an3 services are not available in these areas. The income of the tribals are very low indeed, so low that they cannot think of sending their children to schools, as such a step would deprive the family of that little contribution to the family income v;hich the children would otherwise be making, by engaging themselves on odd jobs in the fie ld s . physical gSATIJRgS; KalrayQn Hi-lls Areas (South Arcot & Salem D is t r ic t ). The Kalrayar^j H ills of the South Arcot D istrict appear like a grea^ wall from a distance, shutting off the country from the west. Ag the southern-^d of this range lies the Attur Pass, leading to Salem^ ^ cool breeze blows through this i)ass during the South-West monsoon. The vallejrs in the ranges have been actually eroded into basin shaped depressiorB. The general slope of the ranges is towards the East, in which direction flow the main streams which drain them, namely the Manikulcthanadhi, the Gomukhi Nadhi and the J^yuranadhi. The valleys of these streams, notably the Thumba valley, which flows the Manimukthanadhi are deep cleft-Q-which have precipitous sides. The average rainfall in the area is between 75^ nrni. and 875 nm, and the s o il type is ideal for the development of horticulture. -1 2- The aHricultLire practised by the tribalo is primitive. The comnonly occurin^ trses are sancl^^lvjocds banboo, jack, wattle, galnut and taaarind •“ lantona thrives on the most barren and rooky soil and plantains cone up on patches of line that are naturally led by the streams in the ravines. In some areas, ragi, cholan, arrow"root, thinai and small are /?rown. Tapioca is a3so raised in some areas. The forests are of the mixed decidious and the evergreen type. . The growth of lantan shrubs, referred to earlier, lends a verdure to the whole area. Though magnetic iron ore occurs in several localities, they are as a rule visible only for a short distance on account of the rathor thick jungle covering the ridges and the valleys^ There is also to be found the occurance of a white clay type of s o il suggesting the p o s s ib ility o f bauxit<3 content in them. The larger type of games are rare. In the ancient days these hills were also called the Elephant Hills. But now-a-days elephants are very rare but bears are to be seen now and then. Spotted deer occur in small numbers. Wild birds: ^^ad smaller games such as Jackals and rabbits are common. The h ills have a lush and wild growth of manjr a forest plant laden with beautiful and attractive flowers in springIjr colours which perhaps attract a large number o f winged beings including sleek and pretty looking birds of diverse shades and shapes. -1 3 - The physi.cal features of the portion in the Salen D istrict are alnost sim ilar to iiiOGe of the South Arcot side and there two of the tall v e a k s are situated with elevation of I329 metres and 1 253 metres respectively above the mean seQ level. The entire area of the h ills is above 876 Sq.Hiis, Jawadhi Hills (includinf'. the Ela^iri Hills. North Arcot Hist. ) ? This area is v/ithin the d is tr ic t boundaries of Korth Ajrcot. The area enjoys an equable climate and . .iri unknown, . But, during the cold season, there is a substantial amount of dewfall which greatljr benefits the vegetafeion. The Elagiri Hills have an elevation of about I4II metres and the villages are situate mostly at an elevation of 1089 metres. The Jawadhi H ills have an elevation of 762 metres. The highest point is IO94 metres. This area is not served by any perennial river. However, Cheyyar drains into the central and southern parts of the region. There is a tributary of this river which drains on the eastern side. On the western portion, there are quite a few small streams. Similarly in the northern portion there is a small river. About 50 per cent of the land area is red loon. c;Lay and sandy s o il roughly constitute I3 and 12 per cent respectively. This type of s o il is derived ba sica lly from felspe^r and hormablend. In the plateau regions near Kavaloor and Nee livasal also, the so il is derived basically from felspar and hormablend. In the plateau regions near Kavaloor and Neelivasal -1 4 - the soil is fairly loam3r. In the -valleys near Paramanandal and Channasanudrani th.e s o il is clayey. libresi] constitutes about 14 per cent. The Jawadhi H ills contain sandalwood trees which are cut, sized and classified by Goverraaent and sold in auction at the Governnent Depot at Tirupattur, Minor,^'orest x-^^roduce lik e walnuts, wood-apple, avaram, soap-nut, nellikkai, surul bark and konnai bark are consumed by the tanneries in the >^dlstricts. It has been observed that mineral resources such as sulphides, qijartz, baijyte, apatite and vermiculitG A occur in areas adjoining Kand^li and Tirupattur units. Some of the other wet and dry crops that are cultivated in the areas are paddy, sugarcane, groundnuts, cholam, canbu and ragi. The area abounds in goats and sheep dr^^ht and milch cattle as also fowls. Deer and Sambhar in th<5 forest areas. In the Elagiri Hills area, fru its like pomogranade, jack, guova, mango, plantain, lemon and orange grow in this area. Spices like pepper, mustard are also grown in this area. Tomato is grown quite eff«t5tless3-y this soil. Beasts of burden are used for transporting goods. The temparature in summer reached 27*0 and in Winter 21*0, The average r a in fa ll ranges between 875 ^nd 1125 mm. The total area is 3^060 Scj.Kms. The ly^layalis are the predominent tribe of this area. K olli H ills (Salem D istrict)s The Kolli hills, lies in parts in tfcmniakkal, Rasipuram and -Attur taluks with I4 Wad us or V illages. -1 5 “ The area is 282,93 Th.e average altitu||p o.f the area is about 1,402 metres. The £eneral terrain is undulatin£, plateau, At the bottom ct the valleys, there are nur^erous springs, v/ith the help of which, wet cultivation of wheat and paddy is undertaken. The rest of the dry lands are used for the growing of dry grains like beans, cholam, cumbu, ra^i and ginselly. Dry paddy is also sown in some areas. The valleys abound in trees and plants like jack, lemon, orange, mango, guava, pineapple and other plantation crops like coffee, cardamom etc. The average r a in fa ll in this area is about 1200 mm. per annum. The climate is salubrious. The area under cereals and paddy works out to 18 and 6 per cent respectively. Bauxite is available in abmdance in some of the villages in Kolli Hills. There are natural streams and rivulets* But they do not afford facilities for irrigation. In swampy areas, where spring water is available, paddy is cultivated. The soil is predominantly red loam. The tribes who live in this area are Malayalis. S itteri H ills Area (Dharmapuri D istrict) s The Sitteri Hills area comprises the tribal concentrations in the Harur Taluk and adjoining areas of the Dharmapuri D istrict. The average height of the area is 305 metres above sea level with a fa ir ly warm climate. There are a number of rocky patches in the top s o il. The soil has a mixture of red soil which is capable of retaining moisture and suitable for cotton cultivation. -1 6 - The area about 938 lan. o.f rain ann!.:ially and has already about 10,000 hectares under cotton cultivation. Black granite and magnesite ore are available in this area, Pive streans namely I'fennij^r, Kallar, Varattar, Grurubanadhi and Kambai Nallar originate Iron the h illo c k s . The main crops grown in the area are paddy, cholam, ragi, and cotton. The main forest produce are bamboo and fire-vood , sandalwood occurs in a small area. There is not much of soil erosion in the area and there is no alkalinity in the region. The area has got a considerable wealth of milch animals and draught category besides sheep and goats and poultry birds. In some areas, Iron ores are reported to be available. The predomino^t tribals living in this area are Malayalis. Yercaud (Shevroy H ills ) Area (Salem D is tr ic t) s The southern half of the western section of the Shevroys is in the form of an irregular plateau on which Yercaud is situated. Yercaud i s cut o ff from the view of the plains by a circle of hills varying in height from 1371 metres to I463 metres. This plateau terminates to the north of the Sanniyasi Malai. West of this, a massive o but^tra^s juts out from the hills forming a plateau of about 853 metres to 884 metres above sea level Bluish grey to dark grey coarse grained rocks of the charmockiste group constitute this hill range,it has a general oily sheen caused by the presence of blue quartz. The charmockite is normally course grained and may be handed^ -1 7 - ^neissic or granulitic. In fact this geolo,^ical fec^ture is common to most of the hill areas in Salem District, such as Kolli Kills, Pachaoalal and Kalrayan Hills. The rocks have been divided into three groups, namely intermediate and basic depeziding upon the amount of blue quartz present in them. In this hill aa well as in Pachamalai, /jranetiferous, luecocratic rocks called leptymites are found to occur. The rocks of alterr^^tion have given rise to bauxite deposits on the Shevroys. Bauxite which is the iQw material for the manufacture o f V) * * ...... aluminium, occur in the Shevroys as cappings over altered laptymites. The ore is quarried for making artificial emery. The total resources of bauxite avai3able in the Shevroy H ills are estimated to be of the order of about 7 million tonnes, of which perhaps a third is expected to be of high grade. The forests in this area are mostly of a mixed deciduous and irregular type. The forests here are areal ever-green forests, akin to the subtropical ever-green forests on the slopes of the Nilgiris. The ra in fa ll varies from 1200 mm and upwards and the temperature is low. Among the trees found on this plateau may be mentioned lakoac'h toon (Malaivambu) Chickerassy (agil) Indian Chearry etc. Sandal is also common. Among the game, the common Indian Sloth bear used to be fotond he re«plantation and cereal crops are grown in 52 per cent and 35 per cent of the cropped area respectively. The distribution of high yielding variety -1 8 - of paddy in the abcva region \^?orks cut to 5O per cent o± the total requirements. The tribals who live in this area are I'felayolis. PachamaJai i\rea (Tiruchv ai^d Salem D istricts) s The Pachama lai with an altitude about 1189 metres covers on area of about 17‘1.00 Sq.Kin. spread over Thuraiyur Block of the Perambalur Taluk of the Tiruchiraja H i District and Attur Taluk of Salem Districts. The tract lie s between north latitu tes 10,1 and 11, 31* ^nd the east lungtitude 77^50 and 79^31. The average r a in fa ll is 450 mm. per annum. The area ^ets rain mainly from the ^Torth Hast Monsoon. This area is geographically contiguous to the Kolli Hj^lls, The local Nad i;6 were constituted into three Panchayats namely Thennaranadu, Vennaduand Kombal which lie s in Uppliapuram and Thuraiyur Panchayat Ihions, •Agriculture is the main stay of the people. Bamboo is the minor forest produce. Most of the tribals are agri cultural farm labourers, Paddy, Varagu, Cumbu, Thi5^a i, Samai, Nuxvomica, lab lab, Mustard, Horse gi^am and Gingelly are the major crops of the area. The fruits that grow in the area are jack, banana, mango, guava, lime e tc. Thii\nai and Samai constitute the staple food of the people and are grown in more than half the area under cultivation. Cattle, Sheep and Poultry occur in considerable numbers. The trib a ls living in the area predominantly are the Mala^rtalis, Arsnuth-umala 1 -Area (Sa^Bra D istrict)? ■As far as -Aranuthumalai is concernGd, tb.e type of- s o il, the rocks, the average elevation, ra in fa ll, the^flora / and fauna, in general are alnot comparable to the pic'ture described for the Kalrayan H ills, The area fa lls under the ju risd iction of two Panchajrat Ilnions of Vazhapady and Ayodiapattinam and is very close to Salem Tovn. The tribals who inhabit this area are the Malayalis. -20- CKAPTISR - II. G-EI^RAX appraisal 0? PHCGEHISS, With Q view to bring these hitherto unprivileged cl/isses to the main stream of socio economic life, a careful study of the conditions obtaining in the tribal areas, and the way of life of the trib a ls has been made and measures aimed at ameliorating their lot have been undertaken through the Tribal Sub-Plan. The size of the Tribal Sub-Plan is constantly increasing from year to year. During the year 1976-77, the outlay was Rs.101,82 lakhs. The outlay was Rs.155.00 lakhs for 1977*“78, Rs.200.00 lakhs fo r 1978-79, Rs. 254.00 lakhs for 1979““80, Rs.545.25 lakhs for 1980-81, Rs.392.00 lakhs for 1981-82, Rs.45l .56 lakhs for 1982-83 and Rs.6OO.58 lakhs for 1983 - 84 and Rs.687.25 lakhs for 1984-85. The outlay proposed for I985-9O is Rs.32.5O Crores. Thus it is seen that the tribal sub-plan outlay has registered more than six fold increase. Details of achievements made in tte various sectors from 1976-77 to 1983-84 are given below: The objective of Tribal Sub-Plan 1980-85 is to enable at least 5O per cent of the Tribal families to cross the poverty line. The annual target is 38OO tribal families. The number of families who have been brought above the poverty line along this plan period is as fciirws*? -2 1 - fo llo w s: Year. No.of families. 1980-81 3,000 1981-62 3,050 1982-83 3,150 + 2,471 under lEDP 1983-84 4,348 (ITDP 3266 + IRDP 1082) 1984-85 5,500 1. Horticulture % Hnder this sector high yielding crop seeds like paddy, pBilsGS, millets and other horticultural crops are distributed to the tribals at a subsidised cost and this has resulted in increasedproduction and thereby the income level of the triba la has been raised. A giant orchard has been forned at Karumanthurai, The Government have ordered to open another giant orchard at Thagarakuppan in North ^rcot D istrict. 2. Animal Husbandry: So far 2154 milch animals, 2988 work bullocks, 4728 sheep have been distributed covering 9870 benefici aries. Adequate attention has been paid to provision of health cover. So far eight veterinary dispensaries ard 6 sub-centres have been opened, -^s the tribals hire bullocks from non-tribals at exorbitant rates, bullocks are be ing s-upplied to the trib a ls. So far 2988 bullocks were supplied to the tribals. -2 2 - 3. Forestry t The forestry programine consists nainly of afforestation under vjhioh various kinds of seedlings are supplied/■^\ie tribals. Besides, construction of buildin£S for Quarters to the staff workin/2 in these areas have also been taken up. 4. Minor *Irri^ ati on s Upto^90 minor irrig a tion programmes have been taken up which consist mainly of check-dsns and perco lation ponds. Out of 90 works, 74 works have been comi^leted bene fit t in g an ayacut of 995 Hectres 16 works are lik ely to be completed before January 19S5^ 5. Communication: In the field of connunication 10 road works have been completed, opening up a number of inaccessible areas, 6. Villa,qe Industries: Ihder Village Industries, bee-hives are supplied to the trib a ls at subsidised rates. During 1982-83 three sub units of the Khadi and Village Industries Board were started in Kolli Hills and Kalrayan Hills of Salam D istrict and Jav;adhi H ills of North Arcot District, A Tamarind Pruit Processing Unit at Jawadhi H ills has been sanctioned during 1983-84. 7. Sericulture : Under sericulture 1285 tribals have benefited upto 1983"84. This scheme is becoming increasingly popular with the trib a ls. -2 5 - 8, Educations Under the Tribal Sub “Plan, 00 Governnent Tribal Residential Schools have been opened in the Sub-Plan areas upto Seventh Plan period, 9, Healths I^to 1982-83, 14 G-overnment Dispensaries and 4 Sub-Centres have been opened in ’the Sub-Plan areas. Besides these, two Mobile Msdical Ihits have been set up in the Kalrayan Hills of South Arcot District and Pachanalai Hills of Trichy District, 10, Social WeIfare ; 169 pre schools have been opened under Tribal Sub-Plan upto 1983-84. 4 tailoring centres have been started in Kalrayan, Kolli, Yercaud and Jav;adhi Hills to train 65 tribal women every year. Under prinit ive ^ tribes programme 47 pre schools have been opened, 11, E le c t r ific a t io n : - Upto 1903’“84, e le c t r ific a t io n has been completed for 81 hamlets. During 19G4"85 e le c t r ific a t io n of 22 hamlets w ill be taken up. 12, Drinking Water? I^pto 1963- 8^, 290 hamlets have been provided with drinking water facilities under the Tribal Sub-Plan, During 1984-85, 167 hamlets in the Integrated Tribal Develoj^ment Project areas of Salem, South -Arcot, North •^rcot, Dharnapuri" and Trichy were taken for the provision of drinking water facilities. Of this. -2 4 - 18 have been conr-leted to provide drinking water facilities to all thie tribal areas up to I'^ster Plan has been pre^pared at a total cost of R s.2.51 crores. 13. Co-Q-pe rat ions 12 L^MP Go-“oper^tive Societies I© ve been started so far in the sub-plan areas, Upto the end of 1984, 37398 tr ib a l families h^^ve been covered by lAMP Co-op, S ocieties, Statement shov/in£ the abstract of outlays and expenditure under Tribal Sub-Plan fron 1976-77 to 1984-85 is given in Annexure. Sector-vjise details of sub-plan allocation for the Seventh Plan period is given in -Annex ure - I. -25- CHAPTBI^ - III. FBHSPSCTIVE FOE 19S5-90. The gains already achieved in the field ot triba 1 developniGnt w ill be further consolidated during the Seventh Plan period. The concept of an integrated effect has notMfairly veil settled down. The concept of family approach to tribal development has been emphasized and x>rogrannies have been given such an orientation. Detailed instructions in this regard have Deen issueo to tne project authorities as also the implementing departments. Development of Primitive Tribes and Dispersed Tribes will also be taken up. With the expected protective legislations, action plan on the a^ard of Seventh Finance Commission, inprovement in the administrative arrangements in tribal areas, the effort is sure to become integrated and complete, aiming at ameliorating the last nan among the tritals, first. The implementation of programmes in the past has taught m mnny lessons. The project preparation for the earlier Plan and the Seventh Plan has in fact emanated from the Integrated Tribal Development ^.ogramme lev el. The Working Group appointed by the Planning Commission on _fprnulntion of p o lic ie s fo r development of Scheduled Tribes during l980*-85 has re comended that -2 6 - productive levels in the fie las cf a;:^ricalti’^r-':, h^rtic'Itnrq aninal husbandry, forestry', cott^fic:, vila^ge ^nC jviall industrjr etc, be r^^ised sc as to create "n econonic iapact cf such On order cis w ill enable 50^/^ of ttie f anilies in the sub-plan areas to cross the poverty line. In poverty reduction the poorest should be considered first and than the poor she uld be considered on a prO£?ressive scale. The working f^roup a3^o stressed that education should be the key sector in the Sixth Plan period, -Attainnent of the above objecti'^es would vitally depend on the creation of necessary infrastructure which again depends on the adequate physical and financial efforts. The Working Group has further reco?:mended that e ffe ctiv e step>3 are necessary to elininate the exploitation of tribals in the fields of agriculture, nonejr lending, trade, forest e tc. The Tribal Sub-Plan has been accepted as a plan for the develox'nent of the areas with a focus on the tribals. Therefore, the infrastructure facilities provided under Tribal Sub-Plan will cover the non-tribals also, who are below the poverty line. The perspective for development during 19G5"*90 will be mainly towards the realisation of the full employment goal, supported by adequate prc>tective measures and sustained by suitable health and education infrastru cture. Special emphasis w ill be iJ id on helping the last men f i r s t , . Pockets of extreme backwardness w ill receive specia 1 attention, I^arger outlays are therefore envisaged -2 7 - for 0£rricultore, hrrticulture, n n i n a l husbandry, forestry , cctt^^CG, vill^£e and small industry prcr^ranmes. Health, and drinkinr* i^/a+er iiro^raanes also ^et their due share, Education has been c^v^n d'je inportance. In areas like connunication and buildin/i infrastructure, the ^ains already achieved w ill be further consolidated. The pro2r^nr.Te of rural electrification will be lov; pitched and working of tte schenes already sanctioned will be reviewed. However, tapping of alternative sources of energy such as Solar Energy will also be tried. Under ainor irrigation the aavanta£tes oi the ea rn er proerameo n«ve considerable and they will be further consolidated with a fair sprinkling of new schenes. The Tribal Sub-Plan for Seventh Flan w ill concentrate on helloing, at least 5^^ i.e. about 20,000 tribal fanilies to cross the poverty line. This objective w ill be achieved by adninistering a package of program es, depending on the additional income accruing to a fanily. Inproved seeds, seedlings, chenicals and oanures will be distributed to the tribals at 50^ subsidised cost and at certain places even at 75!^5 to increase the productive levels, Conseg uent Ijr, the incotie of the tribals w ill also increase. -As a subsidiary occupation, but nore retiunerative, the Scheduled Tribes w ill be given hybrid iiilch anin3ls, birds, varieties of sheep, pigs, bee-hives etc, -All these'program es are supported by adequate extension education and technical supervision. -2 8 - No econonic develoi:nGnt prc£rair:ie w ill yield fr u itfu l re s ult s unle ss the re a re aao u':^ te dg rkc t ir-2 f o ci l i t ie s , This is bein£ e ffe c tiv e ly -nd e ffic ie n t ly handled by the Nine 12 IiAMPS established in the/Integrated Tril^al Development Project oreas. All the inputs are routed throu^^h these XAMPS, The coverase of trib a l fa n ilie s by the LAMP’S has increased considerably. Since the recovery of credit is also the responsibility of these XAMPS, the IjAMPS do practically all the marketing of the produces of the tribal^ which ensures reasonable return to the tribals. The IiAMPS do play an inportant role which ^ive fillip to the tribal economy by providing production credit, aediun tern loan for subsidiary occupations, consunption loan and under taking the rPrketing of the products of the tribals* Education w ill be given due inporta nee in the Seventh Pl^n, 60 Residential Schools w ill be opened to cater to the needs of these people, since the young children cannot walk across the forests, jungle streans and difficult terrain. The attraction here is that all the tribal children are jjrovided everything free. A Master Plan has been prepared for 5 years fron 19G3-84 to 1987“"G8 for the Integrated Tribal Developnent Project areas and the opening of residentia 1 schools and hostels will be in accordance with it. Creation of infrastructure like roads, hospitals, drinking water f a c ilit ie s , e le c t r ic it y do create a good atnosphere for happier and healthier living in the tribal areas. This fact has been kept in nind while preparing the tribal sub-plan. -2 9 - Thcu^in thG trib-^1 sufc-plQn aims at ttie ciGvelo]_.aent cf the eccnonic condition o f the Sch.ecluled Tribes, living in the sub-plan areas, other infrastructure facilities like ho3i:itals, schools, rcaas, denonstraticn plots/farns do benefit the non-tribals also, Non-tribals can also be cone nenbers of the and narket their produces profitably. However the fanily oriented subsidised pro/?rannes are not aade available to the non-tribals. irnn?^&iBia¥^da5nth(§.'?inlbefir^.4ed Hural levelopnent Prpsranme is inplenented in all the 376 Blocks. The objective of . the JntQ£rated. Rural 7:evelornent Pro^raaie is to provide fu ll enploynent an3 better standards of living through production pro^rames within a definite ijoriod of tio3. Rural poor is the najor focal point of Integrated Rural ?evelopnent Pro^raane. Therefore, necessary steps will be taken to cover at least about 5,000 tribal fa ni lies under the Integrated Rural reveloxnent Programie during the Seventh Plan to cross the poverty line. The lenaining 15,000 will be tal^n^care of by the Tribal Sub-Plan, likewise Integrated Rural levelopi.ient Prograriae| w ill also cover the poorest non-tribal faniliss in the Integrated Tribal levelopiient Project areas. The liAMTS w ill provide credit to the Scheduled Tribes/Schsduled Castes nenbers to avail cf the fruits cf the progrannes under Tribal Sub-Plan. The Tanilnadu -^di Pravidar Housing and Peveloxonemt Corporation w ill provide nargin noney to ncn-rienbers (Schedulad Caste/ Scheduled Tribe) of the I/iMI'S to a va il the progrannes under Integra tec! Tiurnl PGvelopnent Prcfirf^me. jllffort in Core ~]3conc;nic Sectors s lender ^erioalture and Htrticulture developnent, 16,000 Qcr0S w ill be br cup tit under perennial plants and another 16,000 acres -will be brought under annual crop production. This is expected to benefit 3,200 tribal farnilies, who w ill be supplied with plants seeds and other inputs at subsidy. Besides, all these lanilies will be Given inplenents also. The plan a Iso provides for follow-up action of perennial plants. Eari-iers' trainin£2» ar^ricultural tours, organisation of denonstration plots, p u b licity and 'propaganda w ill help to improve the farriers* lot by a ij£»ncntin,2 th eir production a a alao the income le ve I s . -'^bout 7,762 tribals w ill be distributed with milch animals and birds on subsidy. The number of beneficiaries/ units under each proj^ramjie are milch cattle 1962, rams and Gwes 3OIO, 'pidQGxy 120 and bullocks 2670. Uhder health cover to animals it is proposed to open one Veterinary Dispensary, one Mobile Ihit and tc construct 2 dressing?* cuni-operation sheds in two Veterinary I^ispensaries. I^der Village Industries pro^raLUJB, bee-hives w ill be distributed to 2,565 individuals. Totally 5j442 number of beneficiaries will be benefitted during Seventh Pive Year Plan under IQiadi anfj! Villa^vQ industries Prorjranme. The progr^^nae on Sericulture w ill be- given p riority as this vould fiive enx)lcynent tc tribals og a lso hel^: in increasing: the fanily incone. This pro£^ranne has in infact picked up and with the establishnent of a full-fled^ea Pirectorate of Sericulture, the prospects of nore and nore tribal^ areas bein^: covered under the pro^rarane are bri^^it. Purine I9G5-9O about 1575 acres of land will be covered under Sericulture ProEranne benefitinn 2,075 tribals directly. One nunbor ef chawkie^ rearing centre^ w ill be established. Besides the organisation of Bivoltine Seed Zone and distin^C •♦tion squad, the existin^j denonstration Silk Parn at K olli Hills w ill be provided with additional :g3cilities. The core economic pro^rannes su/7£?ested above are exi*^ected to benefit of 7|G75 persons by way of enploynent during 19G5’“90. Percolation pond, check dan and anaicut will be constructed under ninor irrigation for which a provision of Rs.104/ - lakhs is r_iade during Seventh Plan period. Inview of the hi£ih enploynent potential for tribals in farn forestry (a fforesta tion ) proerannies w ill be actively encouraged. Beside^earnings throi;v:li wa^ges, the tribals also enjoy the usufructs of the programes thus enablin£^ then to au^nent their incone levels, Co-operat ion: The functioning of the X^tMFS in the tribal areas have been activised to feed the core econonic sectors with all credit assistance. The distribution of all the inputs w ill be routed only through XAMPS. However, the -3 2 - in i s t r u c t u r e procrQmnes v /ill be inple;\-;ntecl only by the depGrtnental agencies, Bclucation The Key Sectors More attention w ill be cievoted lo r educcition of the tribal children and basic anenities to then. Next to the core econonic sectors discussed above education will receive next iaportanoer -The plan frox-oses to open 60 Governnent Tribal Piesidenti^^ 1 Schools; E fforts w ill be nade to reduce drop outs and brine in aore children in the schools, A Master Plan has been prepared for the Integrated Tribal I>evelopnent Project areas and the open- * r in£! of residential schools and hostels will be based on it. The plan envisages better and inproved health f a c ilit ie s to the trib a ls of the remote areas. With this, end in(7iew 3 dis^^ensaries, 2G sub centres and 1 naternity ^(A and child welfare centres^ 6 nobile nedical units will be oiDCned. Quarters will be provided to all the nedical and para-nedical staff working in the tribal areas, A Master Plan will be prepared in constitation with the departnents concerned and the actual sanction w ill be in accordance with it, The pre-school education and the nutritiona 1 needs of the tribal children will be looked into on a priority basis, About 610 tribal habitations will be provided with protected water supply, 1?0 tribals will be provided with houses, free of cost, connunication f a c ilit ie s w ill be provided in the trib a l areas as per -3 3 - the approved Mnstar l i s t . The trib^^l h^nlets w ill also be provided with electrific^^tion. The x^roviaion of incentive to personnel ond also quarters for staff posted for work in tribal areas has I been talen up in the earlier years, Por all nedical and para-aedical staff quarters have been sanctioned. The facilities will be provided to all staff in the Tribal Sub-Plan areas. With the appointnent of a Special Officer for Kalrayan H ills of South -^rcot and the fornal appointnent of rr'oject* Coordinater- to .agsdst. thQ X'ipt.rict Collectors, the tribal areas are bein£: duly supervised with lot more facility and speed. The Tanil Nadu Tribal Tevelopnent Authority has been recently reconstituted with the Chief Minister as the Chairnan and Minister frr Iravidar Welfare as Vice-Chairnan. neetin£[ of the Tribal Pevelopnent Authority w ill be convened to review the pro£:ress and also tc chalk out prograaies/policies for the future. Similarly the Tanil Nadu Tribes ^(^visory Council has also been reconstituted with the Minister for ^ai Iravidar Welfare as the Chairnan, The council neets once in three nonths. The Gcvernnent have recently issued orders sanctioning additional sta ff to stren^ithen the liesearch Cell of the directorate. The staff will be utilised fully and nonitorins and evalcption of Tribal Sub-Plan will be taken up. -3 4 - In lin e, it nay be atcited th^t the outlcck lor 19G^Q9 13 op tin istic in ttie sense that the procr^^r.u:ies will eet a further orticulaticn cn the fonily approach and as such enploynent ^eneratin^ schene w ill receive a higher priority with a suitable and support nix of infrastructure developnent. -3 ? - CHArTEK - IV. rrxOTBCTi\g]; Ms/^siinss - i^ ti^ospect pkospect. Wg have already seen that sirce a lar^e najority ol the tribals have renained illiternate, traditicn-ridden and inaular, they have ever the years, acqui](;ed into a situation narlced by scne ol'the worst lorns of exploitation. Thcuph exploitation has been of different forms, it has been particu larly narked in indebtedness and ali]jation of land. The other ferns cf exploitation are off-shocts of these two basic ferns. P:BBT nSLIEF; ^ccordin£ to a study cmducted by the Research Cell in 1976-77^G0$$ of the sanple households were found to have incurred debts. Ag nuch as 61.02^/^ of the loans obtained by the tribals was spent for unproductive p’urposes. In the sane sanple the percentage of cases of A \ \ , yrtT land alienation noticed wagg^LOd o ■tie' . The nain reason for alienation of land appeared to be the need for liquidating old debts and for perfornin^ social functions rather than for productive purposes. This study was confined to sub-plan areas alone. The position nay-be slightly different in the non-Piab-plan areas. Bven within the sub-plan areas, the position is not known as regards Kalrayan H ills of South -^^rcot as no land records are available for that area. -3 6 - rie/^arclin,e le b t rvGlief, GovarmiGnt are f u lly sized of the T:roblen and the possibilities of introcluoiii^ a legislation early, are bein^?: actively explored, as ttie existing provisions under the different ^^cts have not been found to have/nuch of an inpact aaon^. the tribalss- AX3SNATI0N; iis far as the problemof land alienation is concerned, they fall nainly into two categories (i) alienation of assigned iindsi and (ii) alienation of private lands. Hegardinc assigned lands, there is already a ban on such alien ation under the existing Board Standing Orders. Therefore restoration in such cases pose asi yva) difficulty. The Collectors have in fact been asked to review all such cases of alienation of assigned lands and to take action to restore wherever such alienations are noticed. The real problen is with regard to praivate lands To cover these also, the possibilities of a protective legislation are being actively considered. The nature and f u ll extent of such alienations are not known. However the Research Cell conducted sone tine back a confidential survey in select tribal areas and collected certain useful infornation on the incidence and extent of land alienation. The data gathered have been subnitted to Governnent for their consideration. The Ministry of Hone Affairs have suggested for consideration the passing of a conprehensive legislation of land alienation as suggested b y the State Ministers* Conference held in -3 7 - April 1974# Th.e Ministry h^ve also separately circu3i3tGa a noclGl legislaticn in this regard for adoption. T^iS is also under the active consideration of Governnent, Bonded labours Bonded labour has been iden tified anon£ the Paniyas in the N ilgiris and anon£ the Malayalis in the Kalrajran Hills of South ‘‘^rcot and portion of Salen ristrict. The systen differed as between these two tribes. In the case of Paniyas the bondage was to the land owner fron the plains for a period of one year and renewable every year on the -MalayQlan New-Yea-r‘ s-Day en* which -the ■ land lord- used- to £ive then riee, cloth and noney as tm- one tirie 2i f t . In the case of the Malayalis of the South Arcot Kalrayans TO the systen s>^cked nore of a feudal serfdom with stipula tions of payiie nt of tributes and taxes. These bonded labourers have been released and rehabilitation pro^rannes are bei n^ inpleraented. Por Paniyas land colonisation is the main strategy of settlenent. For the I^layalis of Kalrayans, however, the nain thrust is one controlling shifting cultivation, supported by settleoent operations and provision of an alternative credit and marketing structure. Aninal rearing and other fanily based econonic pro^rames w ill be r>roerame^ to st;55port and sustain the nain procranne. The Paniya rehabilitation scheme will be inplenented in co-ordination with the proi^raLmes for the Prinitive Tribes when the later is sanctioned by the Governnent of India. Similarly the Malayalis* (of Kalrayan -3 8 - H ills ) !Rehci1:;ilitotion Schene w ill ner^e into the ov era ll Integrated Tribol Levelopraent Project report in tb."Jt area. The preliminary report on the Naticna 1 Survey o± the incidence of Bonded labours in India jointly conducted by the Gandhi Peace Foundation and the National Inbour Institute reveals that there are 2,50,000 bonded labourers in 14 districts of Tamilnadu. As far as Tanilnadu is concerned 20,720 bended labourers have been actually identified and released (2^03 in nine districts and 24»945 in Xalrayan H ills of South ■‘^rcot X istrict alone). Hence there are 2,22,1?2 bonded labourers yet to be released in Tanilnadu as per the above report. Not all of then are trib a ls. But the incidence of bonda/^e anonc; tribals is lar^e. It is proposed to cover most of the tribals curing the conin/’ j^eai^ i f the pro£:rarxieo on Pririitive Tribes and dispersed ^:rcups are cleared. Other Protective Measures; In the Kalrajran -‘'^rea, even after the establishiient of Multi-purpose and X^^MP Societies (titiiar ferner in South •‘'^rcot D istrict and the later in Salen D istrict) there were reports of private traders bidding the auctions of Pore St Dex^artnent in respect of ^alnuts and ttie^ ]^ocoQg exploiting the tr ib a ls , W.th a view to cmpp-ertirig this, Goverment, authorised nonopoly ri£hts of lease in respect of ^alnuts in favour of the Co-operative Societies, As a result, the interest of the noney lenders and niddlen^n in the area appears to be wannina considerably. -39“- CHAlTSn " V. . PINAnCIAX OLTOiYS JOPi 19&S"90« The Integrated Tribal Peveloijoent Project represents the to ta l c1evelox?niental of e ffo rt in the project area anc' includes all pronraixies taken up in the re/^ion by various sectoral authorities. The investment to the Integrated Tribal L'evelopnent Project areas flow fron the State Plan, Special Central •Assistance ccntrolleci by t*he M inistry'of Hone Affairs-, • Central Ministries/Pepartirents and Institutional finance. The requirements of total outlays are aiven below* The outlays have been arrived at after taking into consideration the projectwise proposals. The following is the broad picture that emerges by different heads “ 40“ SEVENTH rXAN SECTOBWISE OUTTi^YS - 1085-90. Ifakhs) SI. Narfi of the; Total.! State Expected Insti-j Sx]:ected jTotal. No. sctiene. | ; flow. ;Central tufion- outlay | . if low. ; - c l ; from tte ! * ; I finan-f Central ! i j ! . • ' c e . .1 Sector i I I .! ! I (Centrally I ! ’ ! • Sponsoredj ___i ______i 1. Hortioulturd.324>372;! 178.372 |l46.00 62.20 | 65.00 | 43^ >372 2. S oil Conser-f I ! ! ! ______ovation,____. 121,820 1 2l . 820 j - ! - • - | 121.820 3. Animal { Husban d ry ,; 214.930 84.93 0 ,13 0 • 00 107.00 i 100.00 i 421,930 4. Village | _____ Industries- 168.370, 155.370 13.00 70.00 I 75.00 j 313.370 5. Sericulture; 342.700 324.700 I 18.00 170.00 i - 1 512,700 6. Minor ; _ ^Irri2^_ion^104.000 66^._000 38.00 50,00 154.000 J ® ’ 273.000 238.000 35.00 8. Co-operat 10^ 390.970 316.970^ 80.00 35^, 0Q_ I 50.00 I 790. 970, 9 , Electrifi- t cation. j 146.OOP 146.000 146.000 10,•Comnunica- | tion. i 284.000 2 ^ 0 0 0 ______I 284.000 I 11^_Kousin£T.____ I 2.630 .0.630 2.00 2,630 ^ 12. Man Pov;er &1 Enploynent. |__16.750 16.750 16,750.. ^ ^32.070 I 122.070 10.00 50.00 182.070 115,000 J.i*. |_ ___ ! J.... ^5. Drinkings 1 i ^_____ w ater,_____ | ...l5P ^ j)0p_^ 150^000 150,000 16. Comnunity 1 1 _____ De ve lopnenlf ^ 24.800 _ 24 ;_800_ 1 ^__24_.800Ci 17. DMS&FW. j 227_.120 147,120 I 80,000 60,00 277.120 10. DmPM, ___;[ 85, 250 I 85.250 19 . IIPH Ce nt re . j _ 71 .^8£0 57.880 114.00 71.880 -T - 35.0 0 5.00 J j 5 ^ I 47^60 21. Primitive *" T Tribes. ^ 15.000^ 15.00 ; 15.000 TOTAL. 325O.662j2648.662 602.00 j759. 20c 447.5604457.422 -4 1 - It nay be seen t!i-t the nain thrust ot developnent continuQG to be fron State Sector outlaj^s with Special Central Assistance supi^lenentin£ the main Stati e llo r t . The total sub-plan is a composite of tte various sources of finance and the overall investment level is expected to be of the order of Es.4457,42 lakhs over the plan period of 19C5“90. Develoipnent of }?rinit ive Tribes; The pro£rannes for the developnent of Prinitive Tribes in Tanil Nadu is discussed in a separate Chapter. The outlay for 19G5~90 for this is prop>osed as Rs.l5«00 lakhs. This is a pro^ranme assisted by Government of India on a 100^ basis and the detailed project reioorts are beinr. revised with a dditiona 1 particu3a rs called for by the Governrient of India, -A tentative provisions of Rs.15,00 lakhs have been sought for in it ia lly t i l l sp ecific schemes are drawn up. Develowent of Sisioersed Tribes: The proposals for the development o f Lisi^ersed Tribes in Tamil Nadu are discussed separately. The outlay for 19G5~90 w ill be Bs.0,50 lak^. -4^2- abstract. (1^3, in Iskhs) ST— T * - ‘ ------u - -Tar" ar— «sr" sr i Tribal |: Primitive I Total, I i Su]:)-Plan. i1 Tribes. i i 1 1 i i i 1 ! 1. Flow Iron State Plan.i! 264^,662 264G.662 I 1I 2. Special Central I Assistance• 507.000 15.000 602.000 Institutional finance!1. 759.200 - 759.200 3, 1 i I 4. ■Expected outlays Iron Central Ministries Centrally Sponsored Central Sector Pro^rajnnes, 447.560 "" i 447.560 TOTAL. 4442.422 15.000 I 4457.422 — . iL . — 1. ~ .L.. — — — — — J -L -43- CHAPIS'H - VI. PCR IH'lSGRATEr Tlilli^L D3VBL0PM;TNT ^•KGG-EA^fivI33 g IMder the Tribal Sub-Plan, there cire nine Inte£?rated Tribal Pevelopnent Project areas. These nine areas are different in their socio-econoaic characteris tics as also in their' levels of developnent. The needs of these areas are different. The sub-plan inputs during the previous years have been different for these different areas in terns of qi^^ntun as also pattern, in some cases. Care has therefore'been’ t'aken to ensure* - ■ that the proposals for these areas are based on their needs. Tribal leaders of the different regions within the Integrated Tribal Development Prograinine’s have been consulted by the project authorities besides consulting the people's elected representatives, in the preparation of project reports. In the preparation of these Integrated Tribal Development Prograrxie reports, a problem solving approach has been adopted with focus of the development of the trib a l communities, with particular reference to the weeker ones among them, A family approach is generally adopted to programmes. Prom 1979-80 onwards, Goverment have specifically ordered that a l l family based economic inputs should be routed "iit> -the. tribal beneficiaries through the LAMP Societies. In terms of project preparation, thus the programmes been built up from below with reference to the specific problems and needs of each area, -^Accordingly the annual -4 4 - sub-plan proposals hcive teen built up on the basis of the proposals of the Project iiUttiorities, which in turn are based on the needs and experience of each area. Besides field consultations, the project authori ties have a Is o c ons nlte d d istrict level department o ffic e r s and people’s representatives before finalising the project report at the district level. The discussions in review nieetincs as also district level sub-comittees of the Tribal Pevelopoent ■^'^uthority have been suitably made use of in this exercise. the State level, the views of the Heads of lepartnents have been built in suitably in the final project proposals. Thus the sub-plan proposals reflect an optinun action plan built fron below. It nay be noted that the total State Plan outlay under the Tribal Sub-Plan is a composite of the specific budget provisions under the various functioi^Jl heads with a separate head of account for Tribal Sub-Plan and also of the provisions under the noroal departmental budget for schemes implemented in the sub-plan areas but without a separate head of account as such under the / Tribal Sub-Plan, Matrix of Project wise outlays is ^iven on the • next pa/re , SBVEM TRIBAL SlB-PIx^N 190^-90. • (Rs. in iQkhs) Nor.10 o.f the Yerc^ud Kolli Kalra~ Aranu- PachQ- KalrQ- Sitteri PachQ- Head Grand! Schene, H ills. yQn thu“ nalal. H ills, yan • Hills, nalai Quar- Total. Hills. nf3lai, . Hills*. ters. (SAIEM) ^K.A.) (S.A,0 (DPI.) (Tiru- chy) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. G. • 9. 10. 11. 12. 1,Hcrticultarc 7.995 16.000 130.220 7.995 7.995 21.165 32.6I5 7.765 22.200 70.422 524.372 2, S oil ConsGr- vat ion. - 31.830 - - 20.330 15.330 10.830 13.500 30.000 1 21.820 3 .Aniriol Husbandry. 24.000 25.120 23.400 35.000 15.375 22.505 26.515 17.625 25.390 - 214.930 4 . Villa Ind us tries 23.687 56.135 11.218 44.390 I3.O97 18.378 1.470 - 168.370 5 4 Sericulture - 39.650 75.750 2.230 - 140.715 47.84P 19.235 17.280 - 342.700 6. Minor Irri£'U ion 5.000 4.000 43.000 - 22.000 11.000 - • 19.000 - - 104.000 T.Porestrj’-. 30.350 30.360 30.330 30.330 30.330 30.330 30,330 30.330 30.330 - 273.000 8. Co-opera tion . 30.070 30.070 30.070 30.070 30.070 90.210 90.27-0 30.070 . 30.070 - 390.970 9.3 le ctri*" - f i c o t i o n ., - - 1 8.000 - - - 1 28,000 -- 146.000 10. Com uni ca tion. 28.500 28.500 28.500 28.500 28.500 28,500 28,500 56.000 28.500 284 . 000 2.650 2.630 11 .Housinr. \ 12, Man Pover & Enploynent. - 2.150 -- - 2.150 2.150 2.150 2.150 6 . 0D0 16.750 -itc- 1. 2. J . 4. 5. 6'. 7- 0. g. 10. 11. 12. 13. Bduoation. - - “ “ " " - - - 132.070 - 14- Nutrition. 12.770 12.770 12.770 12.770 12.770 12,770 12.770 12.040 12.770 -- II5.OOO 15. Prinking Water. I4.2OO I4.2OO U.200 U,200 I4.2OO 55.000 4.000 I5.OOO 5.000 — I5O.OOO 16. C Cm unity & Pevelopnent. ------24.800 24.800 17. -'irGctcr ot .. Medical ServicG & 6.170 16.410 24.990 6.I7O 24.990 35.760 33.380 43.930 35.320 — 227.120 Family V/elfare 18. Piroctor cf . , _ Public Health and Preventive Mer^iclne. 9.200 13.550 6.900 3.450 3.450 19.300 IO.3OO 0.100 9.200 — O5.25O 19. ■^•irector ol PriniOry Heal th Centre. ----- 35. 94035.940 - - — 7i.eeo 20. PirGctor of ^Wii Praviclor ______.:. TOT/.X. 160.235 520.095 170.715 200.090 570.065" 291.253 \ 320.922 256.267 511.032 23jS.lG0 3250.662 -4 7 - abstract of the MATrax, Rs. in lakhs 1. YercQioc!, 168.235 2. Kolli Hilla. 256.267 3. Kalr^yan H ills. 520,095 4 * Aranuthixnalai. 170.715 5. Pa chans la i. 200,890 total (Salen District) 1324.210 6*. Java.Hills (North Arcot) . 579. 065^ 7. Kalrayan H ills (South Arcot) . 511,032 G, S itteri H ills (Dharmapuri) 291. 253 9* Pachamalai H ills (Tiruchy) 233. 180 10. Heaaquarters. 320.922 GEAmd total. 3250.662 6<3(S<&8c6<&&6<&&8c&8<&o<(ScS<8(S<&c<8 MiffiJBTnia Thirteen Large Sized Multipu3?pose Cooperative Societies are functioning in Taioil IJadu (Twelve LiUyCP Cooperative Society in I.T.D.P* areas dnd one in Uon- ITBP area) These Societies have been impressed that they should maice a study of the marketing problems of the tribals with regard to minor forest produce and other agricultucai produce knd’evolve a system by which any e2^)loitation noticed by the private 'braders and money lenders is effeoti'® ely removed* With a view to help these cooperative societies in discharging their duties effectively in this regard Gotremment have given them subsidy for the purchase of vehicles v^ich will be used by them in transporting minor forest produce and - other essential commodities froD market societies to the liAl'IP S ocieties and also from the LijMP S ocieties to the market centres. These so cie tie s are given subsidy-cum- loaii fo r the construction of godov/ns fo r storing minor forest produce. The Lisj>IPs are given subsidy to meet the expenses cn transporting the materials by head loads from the collection spot so that the societies could give a reasonable price to iiie tribals* The produce ^lich have considerable marketable surplus in the Tribal Sub-Elan areas are galnut, konnaibark, tamarind, soap-nut etc. The practice of the -4 9 - tribals so far has been to nali:e over these produce to certain tradesmen anci middlemen who used to c o lle c t then from the tribal areas at very low prices* They could not escape from the middlemen and tradesmen, because these people had already advanced monqy during loan months. The Li\jyiPs now provide consumption loan to the Sch«Tribes and they seek to keep away the tradesmen from the trib a l s. However, i t cannot be said that the middlemen and other tradesmen have been fu lly eliminated from these areas and that the exploitation of tribals by some of these people has been eliminated fully* The two Kalrayans constitute the area from w here the bulk o f gaXnut is collec-jj^ed* ^ estimate places the to ta l quantum of collection ftom these two areas at around 4OOO tonnes per annum* The galnut that is collected here is also of a superior variety* If the marketing infra*- structuce is developed end the cooperative Societies are able to establish a regular marketing channel, it will be possible to ensure regular flow of income to the tr ib a ls at comparatively h i^ e r rates than ^ a t they have been receiving from the traders so far* However, the (L present price is better than the one offered by private traders* The problem faced by the Societies at the moment appears to be lack of adequate credit to enable them to purchase and store the galnuts as and when they are brou^it by the tribals♦ G?hey have to hold theia_fQX„.a while, and market them v^ien p rices are advantageous. -5 0 - The Cooperative S ocieties have been asked to under-" take purchase and sale o f cooioiDditlea; and market them i i L the 3^adi» a in the I#T,D*P* as w ell, so that u ltim atey the tribal s will, get the habit of routing all their sale a and purchases through the Cooperative structure* Recjentl-y^ I the Government o f India feave' also taken up the question of. developing adequate marketing infeastructure in the tribaX areas:* As a means to attract more and more tr ib a l members to use the services of the Cooperative Societies,, these Societies have been asked to sell essential commodi ties like clothy kerosene, salt etc*, to the tribals through appropriate outlets* All these aim at gradually eliminating exploitation from the midst o f the tribals* The s-fcudy team appointed by Government for the fix a tio n of guidelines-for the leasing out of minor forest produce to LAMPS have submitted the report to Government and the / same is under consideration o f the Government* -r -l- IiQ4TI0lg/T'lJgS ©le Bench Mark Survey conducted in 1973 revealed that 57 percentage of the tribals in Tamil Nadu, are- engaged in cu ltivation and. 32% o re agricultural labourers. Therefore, it is a must that dae care sho’old be given to the Agricultural Sector* It is a fact that a major portion of the area cultivated by the trib a ls are under d;^5r-land farming* Therefore, it is quite essential to explore-the areas .when's irrigation poiientials can be created by construction of Minor Dams etc*,, and also to plan separately for unirrigated areas* It is also seen that a major part o f the agrttoiiXtural. a c tiv itie s o f the tribals really belong to the Horticulture Sector* They aire from time inv^memorial engaged in fr u it gathering tree and rearing fruit trees in their own traditional unscientific ways. . Therefore, proper measures are to be; devised to train them in horticulture activities without violating their genuine interest and li-kings* Based on this principle, the Department of Horticulture and. Plantations Crops have prepared a detailed;; pers?^ pective plan under H orticulture Sector* The distribut'ion of inpats to scbII. trib a l hDldersB Qi-fc. scrtjat-ai^d. cc>st-xjr50-^ impartant programme under the- TI Plan* Since, it was po)pular among the trib a ls i t is decided to continue the scheme during the VII Five: -5 2 - Year Plan period also* It is prograanied to distribate .. inputs to 16 units, each unit consisting of 200 tribal fauiilies# This progi?a aae w ill cost about Rs.124*.00 la M ia which includes the cost of in p u ts alone* It is hoped that it should be possible to increas® the yields under horticulture crops through this distri** but ion schene. Training progranne s w ill also be condu*^ cteiS and tours and deconstration arranged as already done during the VI Plan period. The distribution of various inputs will be on a 50^ subsidy basis except in South Arcot KaOrajran H ills, where it w ill be 75 per cent. .The number o f unit s o f fa m ilie s to be se le cte d in each o f the nine I.T.D.P* Areas during the VII Plan are as3 follow s:*^ B is tr icit No *, o f the. Nane of the Unit No#of to tail Units* families . ______Snitgj. ^ SALEM 1., Yercaud 200' 2^ Periyakalrayan Hills 200 3^ Chinnakalrayan H ills 2.0Q; 4^ K o lli H ills (NamalsL k a l Talufe) 2.0G % K blll Hills(Rasipur* 20a ram) 6.. Aitanuthumalai ZOQj 7» Pachamala1 -§22:140 0) , sotrrii ARCOT 33 1,*; VellinBlai 2oa 2^ Kilakkdii ^oa T* Sei^ppathl 200 600. NORTH ARCOT 3 1. Javadlhi H illa 200 2 * Elagiri Hills 2.00/ 3> Pudiurnaau’ 200 SOGj TIRUCHY 2 tir TopChengattupatti 200; 2 V Vennada 200) 4iOQ' DHi\RMAPURI 1: 1* Sitheri Hills 200 2O0> 3200. 16 -53- Each Unit will be taken care of by a niniaan staff of one Horticulture Officer and two ^'ield Beponstration Officers* The following Itens of w)rks are proposed to he taken up; to ensure, concentratad; development: 1i* The distribution of all the inputs is routed onLy through the LAMP-’ Societies/Multipurpose Cooperative Societies# For this purpose, all tribal faailies are enrolled as aeinbers of the LAMP Society/ Multipurpose Cooperative Societies*^ 2# The departnental Officers concerned at the dis-- trict lev;el or local level will be nade Birectors o f the ■ LAI«!P'Societies^ 3# All the Agricultural/Horticultural inputs will- be on a 50^ subsidy except for South Arcot Kalia*- yan Hills, where it will be on 75^ subsidy# 4* 3y a^pting a family approach, the department wilL concentrate on a certain number of famiXtes in each o f the Integrated Tribal Development Rroi^eat areas, prefeirably starting with the weaker groups f i r s t . Sistribution^of rm^or;^d_See^sj^- Out of two acres selected for each family, one acra will be covered under Cereals/Millets/Oil aeads/Pulses and Vegetable crops as the case may be* It is also proposed to have 50^ under Annual Crops and an9ther 50^ of the area under Perennial Horticulture Crops» Various cirops and their varieties will be decided as per the local needs and remunerative nature of the crops* An area o f 3«,200 acres is propoed to be covered under d is t r i bution o f improved seeds at a to ta l cot o f Rs*l6*45 lakhs during the Seventh ^'ive Year Plan, -54- Distribation^of Perennial C^ops:^ It is proposed to cover one acre per faLiily under the perennial crops like Mango, Acidline, Coffee, CLard.aciaa Spices, Coconut etc*, according to the local suitability^ During the VI P^an, only Mango, AcMLiae and coconut were distributed und.er this progranae* Now it has been pro*^ graained to cover aore anea under perennial horticulture crops viz., about 3^200 acres at the cov^t of Rs.30.77 lalchs,! Distsibution^of Chepical Pertilisers!*-" It is proposed to bring the entire area of 3200 acres of annual crops including vegetable crops, Banana and tapioca under fertilizer application at an estipatedl coat of Rst30»00 lakhs during the VII Plan. The tribal farmer w o 1^/3 ise recociLTended to apply both basal dosage and top dressing as per the package o f jra ctices fo r e ffe ctiv a utilisation of fertilizers^ Distribution^of Plan;^ Proteciion^PerJlJizeijs^— The horticultural staff will inspect the crops in their area throughout the period of horticulture opera-^ tions* Prophylatic plant, protection measures wilE be taken up against different pests and diseases# It is programcBd to protect the entire 6,400 acres of annual crops and perennial crops against Pests and diseases at a cost of Rs*5.^39 lakhs, during the VII HLan Period* Layi]^_Out_DepDnstratJ.on_Plois^-» In order to educate the tribals to adopt modern techniques on cultivation of crops, demonstration plots -55- will be laid oat in selectedplaces, The use of itaprovecJ seeds, fertilisers and plant protection chemicals will be demonstrated through tribals one by one so that the tribal farmers would learn the scientific methods of crops production and adopt them* Theaa demonstrations w ill be repeated to induce awareness among 1;he tribals* Each demonstration plot will cover an area of half an acre and a sum of Rs,100/*- per plot wil!^e given as subsidy. A sum o f Rs.0«,24 lakhs will- be required to conducU 48 Nos. of demonstration plots annually^ in all .the . 16 JMiits-^ • Agj;ioultiaral^T£;aining gn^ It is also programmed to conduct agriculture tour and training classes fo r the trib a ls on modeioi methoda- of proper education so that the tribals could adopt them and thereby get benefitedi Under agricultural training, 100 tribal farmers will-be selected per unit and for agricultural tour, 50 farmers per unit will be selected during each year of the VII Five Year Plan. A sum of Rs.5,6‘ laldis is provided towards this programme. It will be repeated year after year* Publicity an^ Propsganflai- Eff&jtive and educative methods of dissemination of research findings can be best done only by proper publicity and propaganda. Attractive sign boards and hoardings at vantqge points, carrying details of - activLt^les, will technical information -'56- on package of practices for Hortioaltoral crops will be disseminated aaong the tribals through leaflets and pamphlets* A sap. of Rs.0^0 lakhs is provided during the VII Plan, Degonsir^tion_of %he De^.elojgnBnt of ^Orchards jln^indivfidi^i HoJdJ,ng,a;_ The schene aims at diversification of the cropping pattern with high value horticultural crops under pro*^ tective irrigation* An extent of 50 acres in tribal holdings is proposed to be selected in eacfiii unit and deaonstration plots with raulti'-crops w ill be laid out. to educate the tribals to change the cropping pattern so as to derive econonilc income froQ their holdings* Each demonstration plot w ill have multi-'crops in order to avoid the risk of biennial bearing as some of the fruits w il l be e a r ly bearin g, some BdjdrbearJLng and some o f them ia*te bearin g, so that the t r ib a ls are assured o f uniform income through the year* The crops that will be selected for this programme are sp ices lik e cLove, Nutmyig and Cinnamon, C o ffe e , CardamoEn etc*^ depending upon the scope of the development and suitability of the terisain* A subsidy of plot is sanctioned for all inputs in kind including the cost of tree guards etc. In all the 16 units an extent, of 800 acres w ill be covered under this programiae at an cost of Rs.20^00 lakhs^ -5 7 - Pollow^up action^for^Indlvidiial Orcliards:*^ It is necessary to give at most care for the main tenance of orchard (described in the precoeding two paragraphs) for the subsequent two years aCter the year of planting. 5'or the foflow-ap measures, a sum of Rs*250/-» per plot will be given as subsidy towards the cost of inputs like plants for gap-filling, fertilizers.,, plan protection chemicals tree-guards etc* Similarly a sum: of Rs,150/— per plot w ill be given as subsidy in the 3rd year* For the follow up action in the 2nd year orchards, a Slim' o'f'Rs.9#.065 lakhs w ill be required to cover 750 acres* For the follow up action in the 3rd year-orchardis, a sum of Rs.5«652 lakhs will.be required to cover 750 acres* Mass^sjgraying Unless the mango crops are well protected throughout the flowering season* the yield is litoly to be reduced to 75 per cent. Hence, it is proposed to have a mass s^iraytng against mango hopper and powdery mildew in Kalrayain H ills of Salem D istrict during December and Janiaary of the f i r sit two years o f the VII Plan*. The c o s t o f the scheme is Rs*0*50 lakh approximately* Staff.: r Adequate staff is essential for the successful implementation of the above horticultural programed s* Vehicles are also needed to enable the field staff to reach interior tribal areas to implement the programme* For this purpose, a sum of Rs.62*35 lakhs is proposed under the VII Five Year Plan^ -50- At present, there is only a skeleton staff of one Horticultural O fficer with one or two -*^*’ield Decionstifa— tion Officers for iniplementing the goheme in ^ch unit* These field staff are under the control of very few Supervisory staff. In Sale a J^istrlct,. th6re are 7 tribal units spread over Sherveroys, Kalrayan H ills, KoUi H ills, Aranuthumalai and Pachainalai of Salem coiaing under the control of Assistant Director of Horticulture (ITDP) Attur, Besides the above units, the Asst.Birector of Horticulture:, A^tur is also exercising the control over the three units in Kalrayan Hills of South A^cot Bistrict* Because of the heavy work load and the area of operation is quite large, the Asst* Director of Horticulture, Attur: could notivsander e f fe c t iv e su pervision and a lso he co uld not guide the field staff properly in tinie, who are positioned in two districts. As it is felt that an Officer in the cadre of Assistant Director should not be asked to cover more than one district, it is propose-d that a separate Deputy Director stationed at Koll-i Hills would be gble to supervise the horticultural activities. In the two districts* The proposals for the additional supporting Btaff works out to Rs.8,,09 lakhs during the YIT Five Year Plan^ The distribution of agricultural production aids w ill be done on a package deal to the t r ib a l needia and agro cliaatic condition of the locality in tribal house-^ holds who w ill be engaged as neriberQ o f the LAMP -5 9 - Coo.perative Societies and sapply of inpats wiliL be done through the above Cooperative Societies* All the agri-* cultural inputs will be on 5O per cent subsidy except In South Arcot Kalrayan H ills where it w ill be on 75 P^x cent subsidy* I t is expecte-d that thejDAMP Cooperative Societies pay get their Institutional Finance from the respective District Cooperative Central Banka* A sunn of Rs*45#42 lakhs w ill flow as Institutional Finance through the LAMP Society under the Horticulture- Progracinie^ gian^ Orchards The Giant Orchard at. i^ruoanth'urai ‘iri Salerm‘Btstrict,* and Thagarakuppan in Javadhi H ills w ill be rnaintained. during the Seventh Five Year Plan period* Apart from this. Agricultural farms at Pachanialai and Moolakkadu are also to be maintained during the Seventh Five Year Plan# For the mintenance of the sane,, a provision of Rs*129#48 lakhs has been allotted during the Seventh Five Year Pl^n periodr So il^C^nserva tipn:^* Soil conservation measures are to be taken up during the Seventh Five Year Plan period as detailed below with an ou tlay o f Rs* 121i».820 lakhs* The nuniber of families to be benefit±ed are also shown below;-*• -6 0- S o il Conserva*^- No* of fadilies, t'ion ciea auras tar^t-frad to toe to be taken up> henef itJtea. „ ^(H ec)______ Saletn Kalrayan H ills 375 750 families North Ar.cot Javadhi Hills 250 500 fa m ilie s South Arcot Kalrayan Hills 154 308 families: Dhar— laapuri Sitteri H ills 125 250 fa mil ie Si Tiruchy Pachamalai H ills . 96 192 fa m ilie s 1.000 Hec. 2000' fa mil ie a - 6 1 - SEVBM ¥1YE PIAN riSQUIHB^^NTS - HOimCirLTUIS). I a k h § ) ___ Dg to i l s . 905-86 19G6-G7 1967-OC 1988-G9 I9O9-9O TotQl, I . INPUTS; 1. SQQd.3. 3.291 3.291 3.291 3.291 3.291 16.455 2. Plants* 6.155 6.153 6.153 6.153 6.153 30.765 3. Jbrtilizers. 6.005 6.005 6.005 6.005 6.005 30.025 4. Plant Protection Chemicals. 1.079 1.079 1.079 1.079 1.079 5.395 5. Denonstration Plots. 0.040 0.04 c 0.046 0.040 0.040 0.240 6. IJenonstration Orchard. 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 . 4.000 20.000 7. Pollow up action 2nd year. 1.013 1 .013 1.013 1.013 1.013 9.065 8. Pollovj up action 3rd year. 1.125 1.125 1.125 1.125 1.125 5.625 9 : Training. 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320 1.600 10. Tour. OiOOO 0.000 0,000 O.GOO 0.000 4,000 II, Publicity. 0.160 0.160 0.160 0.160 0.160 O.GOO 12. Mass Spraying. 0.100 0^100 0.100 0.100 0^100 0^500 TOTAL. 4.094 24.094 24.094 24.094 24.094 124.470 11. Continuance of Existing Staff 7.391 12.940 13.500 14.000 14.500 62.332 Ill.i^dditional Staff (Deputy Hills with oupportine atafl) 2.450 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.40G 0i090 rv. Giant Orchard. 0.760 21.230 22.650 20.070 19.510 114.220 V. Moolakaflu Parn. 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 5.000 VI. State Horticultural Parn, 200 _ _ 10j.2£0 Pachanalai. S.16Q - JrO^O_ _i j go_ _ _ _"'j _ GB'UII TOTAI. 62.522 64.552 62.520 62.520 324.372 - 62- c h a p t p : fl- IX ANIM[;,L^HUSBAND^, The main ob^jectlve undar Animal Hajj i.ulry w ill be to augDent the inconies of the tribal hoiiaeholds parti cularly of the landless and of the small holders in general and to enable them to cross the poverty line« It is also an equally Important objective that the t r ib a ls consume n u tritio u s animal food themselves and whatever surptos are left over would be diverted for marketing and fo r earning a d d ition a l incom ss. Thus the objective of raising the nutritional standards of tribal beneficiaries is also kept in mind* The t r ib a ls liv in g in theSubr*Plan are^a^ aize traditionally rearers of 3Live:stock also, though their, mainstay is agriculture. Because of non^-gdoption of improve£<3 techniques in agriculture their incomes are; generally low# Agriculture canno^t. support them throughout the year* Therefore rearing of Livestock w ill be a supple-o mental occupation for them# This will, also ensure incomes.^throughout the year to them* In order to make iihls supplemental occupation more gainful^ dbt''tar proposed to supply these tribals with high-*yield milch cattle, rams and ewdts, work bullocks piggery uinits et©* The following specific instruotions were Issued to the project authorities and the Dej^rtment of Animal Husbandry with regard to distribution of agricultural inputs• These instructions will be kept in mind during the year 1985-9^®* -6 3 - 1U The dlstribation of the various units should be.. routed onl.y through the LAKPs/Multi'^purpose Cooperative Societies* 2]» That all the inputs shall be distributed at 50^ subsidy,, excepting for South Arcot Kalrayan H ills where it w ill be on a 75^ subsidy# That the. disease aDong the animals and b ird s d istri"* butejd should be co n tro lle d by taking e ffe c t iv e measures and thus check the incidence and rate of m ortality among them* 4.^ That the .programme o f d is tr ib u tio n .o f .inilch. animala. should be Linked to the oic^nisation of milk socie-* ties through the LAMPa» 5^ That a uniform rate of distribution of all the. Inputs and a family approach in distribution of the inputs adopted*. That the local/district Officer of the Directorate of Animal Husbandry is coopted as a Director on the. Board of Directors of the LAMP^ During the Seventh Five Year Plan ^riod (1985*^.0) it is proposed to distribute 1 1 S 2 animals as datailed bjelow: t. Distribution of milch animals ^ 196^2' 2* Distribution of Sheep Units 30)1:0 3* Distribution of Work Bullocks 2670’ . Distribution of Piggery Units M ^ ^ Total: * 7762 -6^1^ On the whDle, 775'2 tribals w ill be benefited during the Seventh Five Tear Plan period* The Hill'^rise year-wise allocation of aninials is furnished in the Annexura*. Further i t is a lso proposed to open a pojbiilej Unitf; one Veterinary I>ispensary, construction of two draasing^ cacr^peration sheds apart fron the spilL o^er; works daring the Seventh Five Year Plan, The details of the schetaea are follows^ Establishment ofMobULe Veterinary Unit attached to Veterinary Bispensary Pudumadu in Javadhi Hillsb in North Ar^ot D istrict: At present there are 9 Mobile Veterinary Units functioning in the tribal afeas«? As the Javadhi Eills is a vast stretch, the tribals in Pudurnada are not in a position to bring their anipala to the Veterinary Dispensaries in nearby villages in Javadhi Hills» Therefore, it is proposed to establish a Mobile Unit: at Pudurnadu for carrying out the Veterinary Health Cover to livestock of the tribal beneficiaries at Pudurnada# siaSOaaaiEgfigiiMs- To run a Mobile Veterinary Unlt^, the posts of One Veterinary Assistant Surgeon^ One Livestock Inspector &rade*-II, and Two ^ninal Husbandry Assistants and one Driver are absolately necessary♦ PlnancialjQ^Silon^ (Ij^n-ReBarring) Cost o f One V eh icle Rs# 1^00^000? 2,. Cost of eqaipments, fur-^ niture etc,. Rs> ___p^O OCil;.,^ Totals- Ra- 1,10,0QG) -6 5 - Recurr in g ; U L t i o a t © c o S t f o r 9 C o s t m o n th s ( 8 4 * ^ 5 ) Bs.- Rs. T«c Pay aC One VAS an Hs t6'00-30--750'55--890 10,.520^.00 7,74-D.QO 40-1050 (AP; 2^ Pay o f one L .T .G r,.!! on Rs • 350H 0-420-15-600 5,748*00 4,31't.OO' plus Spl*Pay Rs.15/— (A.P. Rs.479/--) % Pay o f One D river on * R s.310-10-470-15'’*500 4^932*0a 3y 699.00- ( i^^;Rs.411i) 4*. Pay o f two A*HJissts«. on Rs , 250-5'-330-10-400 7,652^00^ 5,124.00 , (AP*Rs.316/i-) 28,632 •.00) 20,874^00 Allowance.s ____ 11 - uaittQate aogt - ^o ai-fdr^9J L ‘ w « m «i% aip M M ^cionihg ♦A ♦. • i^nd^ tt) A O^'tiO/ 04 09 lalchs Q4^4„ lalthaE 0^15 0.13S laktia Conti^ngenqleat' Me(iic ihe » O^ia IdMrS CbS'fe of -fm eii'giil nalntenance of Owl O' lakhs Other contiHgencle 3, 0 ,d^ M khs tm- im m 0*'22^^khg LjsanrreG urr Ing t.to-iskhsr ■! ; • 1 - r- .Pay* 0i,2ti Allowanoas. Q.13 Ooattngenclea „ S*22_ „ 0v56 lakhffi . 1 ^§S Jlakha •66- 5*^0jgening^of ^ ■f * U • i -a md' ^ C: 3a:^r • *A,(ir object-joi::.-t.he is t:?-^:^3?^-0Aste:^ihary , ... ,, ~ e8ions*^^nii-ixe.O’^ “aiji-€e>~t5e "l.tvaatQC]j:;^owri^a in the t r ib a l‘areaa-#o3^— eriSp.l r , '. , . ^ — . - ■ • » . » ^rS'iD^T} 'tt litrt*'^' ^^fe£i]ag7P^^Q^n‘tlv e and cu rative neast2re§‘'^gftn^^variou.o .jgi^eape^* Under Ihe - integrated 9 %t,er^ary Biapenai^rlla^ iiav^^ sanctioned ** ** *8 ar .j^;iJ ?■!/5;' '-ciii^O-rv .,so..-Xap?^~ I t is proposed to open a neV TetBjcinary Bl®p©n- s a ry 'a t Pudiirnhi3a Ih Javadhi "Hil-is iia^-NorJiji. A w B istricU * •Ih' ne^pect at dispensary pro;^sed in Pudur^ dtie^ Velier msp^sary W terin^ry .Asatatant .3\2X£^oj1 s quartera^ji^.^l^^ti^/^^took r f'. - • -. ' -o . 1 ,.^ ,-■ . -■ ’ ■- ' tli^sRector Grta^e—I and 2'^rAjgtlDal Plasb^i^Kij^f A ssista n ts ^ ^ r». , Tirf&rtd ,^be rneeded^ aSS:I"^fi9fCost■^f6j^■a'^bailding and quarters for tee Vetert- ■'V:.^ ^+~ - r*,— . ■ - .. '... ‘ .' ■ r: ' ■ . ri^ry^ Bispensairy* Padurnadu. works pi;Lt to :gs#8*20- lakhs#. hh ot3i;lay of Rs^§.28^Xakhi‘'is prbVi34d‘fto-r the year 1985—8^ for starting the donstructlon progpramne as fjlrst phases The .bM lding programDe'has^ to be CoQpleted in two years^ The amount requ ii^ d fqr^ the second year t'o com plete the V\ ■ ■■■: ■ ■ •: . ' ■ ■ ■ - ■ ^ ■ .,;-^ work w ill be U s#5*92 liakhs# I t i s th e re fo re proposed t o n:amX70r *T ~ ■“ ; ■ ■ „: • have "an outlay of Rs,8*20 la]^s f or" ‘iltie ’bciiilding works i. of which Hs.'2«i8 laldis will-be for 1^85-6S and the balance of ^Rs.5*92 lakhs w ill be S) r the sabseqiient years# -For running the establishraent of'^Veterinary x^is-' pensary the following posts are absplutely necaa^ry# One post of Veterinary Ansistant Surgeon One poet of Live Stock InsiBctor; suid Two poata o f Anloial Husbandry AsalAtants INTEGIiATETD TRIBAX ?:SVEX0PMENT PnOGPxAl^lB - VII TH FIVE TSAr PXi\N ( I 9G5-G6 to I 9G9- 9O) DISTBIDUTION OP MILCH ANIMALS. animal HIJSI^ANT'RY SECTOR: ^ ^ Year, Ycrcaud, Aranuthu- Kalrayan Pacha- Kelli Sitheri KaliQyan Jawadhu jrncha- ■Qhit Sub- nalai. nalai Hills. nialai (2 Ani sidy ------nals. 50"^ Unit Sub- Ihit Sub- IJhit Sub- Unit Sub-lhit SubUnit Sub- Tfeit Sut-Tiiit Sub- sidy 3 i ^ sid y S i d y sid y si'Ty sidy 50^ 5Q$5 50^ 50^/0 s i d y 50i. 50^ ,50‘^_ . 113,5000/- 19C5-C6 40 40 20 40 ;50 52 40 30 100000 100000 50000 100000 125000 120000 100000 75000 19C6-G7 50 50 30 50 *50 20 40 30 125000 125000 •75000 125000 125000 75000 100000 75000 19C7-GG 60 60 40 6^0 '.50 20 60 GO 150000 150000 100000 150000 125000 75000 I 5OCOO 200000 19B8-G9 70 70 60 70 *40 20 40 GO 175000 175000 ■ 125COO 175000 100000 75000 100000 200000 1969-90 GO GO 60 CO 4 0 20 40 GO 200000 200000 150000 200000 100000 75000 100000 200000 total. 300 300 200 300 230 112 220 300 75OOOO 750000 500000 750000 575000 420000 550000 750000 Total iJhits 1962 Outlay Rs.50.45 lakhs. ~H1WI£AU-KB~ IISIRIDUTIOIf OF SHEEP UNITS. Year. Yercaud. Aranuthu- Kalrayan Pacha- Kolli Sittieri Kaiiayan JawQc’hu Pacha- ______QSlaij.__ gillS i ______t3alaj.^_ Dhit Sub- tiiit Sub- ISalt Sub- Unit Sub- Tiiit Sub- Hiit Sub- Unit Sub- Unit StJj-Unit Sub- CIO ewea/^idy sid y sid y s i 3y sidy sidy sidy airly aidy & 1 Kan) 50^ 50)2 500 50^ 50$S 500 15$ 50$5 50^ Tiitil list Rs.2500/- 19G5-Q^ 6D 60 60 50 70 50 50 5O 60 75000 75OOO 75000 625OO G75OO 625OO 93750 62500 75000 190^-07 70 70 70 60 70 50 50 50 60 C75OO G75OO C75OO 75000 C7500 62500 93750 62500 75000 19G7-CO 00 00 CO 70 ' 0 0 5O 60 5O 60 100000 ^100000 , 100000 C75OO 100000; 62500 112500 62500 75000 190G-G9 90 90 go CO 90 40 50 ' 50 60 112500 112500 112500 100000 112500 50000 93750 52500 75000 IOC9-90 100 100 100 90 100 40 60 50 60 125000 125000 125000 112500 125000 50000 112500 62500 75000 total. 400 400 400 350 410 230 270 250 300 500000 500000 500000 437500 512500 2C.7500 506250 312500 375000 Total Xhits 3010 Outlay Rs.393l250/- -6 9 - A m E x im . nSTI^IBUTICN OP WORK BULXOCKS, Year. Yercaua. ^ranuthu- K^lrayan Pacha- Kolli Sitheri Kalrayan Jawaatiu Pacha- nala i* ______liiit Sub- I^it Sub- Uni t Sub- I^iit Sub- Unit Sub- ISiit Sub- Unit Sub-Unit Sub- Unit Suh- sld v sidy sidy sidy sidy sidy sidy sidy sidy p a ir;^ ‘ 50^ 50% 50% 50% 75^ 50^/, 50^; Thit lo r I2a . 2000/- 19C5-G6 60 50 60 50 60 150 40 60 60000 50000 . 60000 5OOCO 60000 22500c 4 0000 60000 19C6-C7 65 55 65 55 65 100 40 60 65000 55000 • 65000 55000 65000 150C00 400C0 60000 1907-CG 70 60 70 60 70 100 30 60 70000 60000 . 70000 60000 70000 1500C0 30000. 60000 I9GG-O9 75 65 75 65 75 100 20 60 75000 65000 • 75000 65000 75000 150000 20000 60000 I 9G9- 9C 80 70 GO 70 GO 100 40 60 GOOOO 70000 • GOOOO 70000 80000 150000 4 0000 60000 TCTAl. 350 300 35^> 350 350 550 170 300 350000 300000 350000 30000c 35 OOOO 025000 170000 300000 Total Uhita 26 7 0 Outlay Bs. 9.45 lakhs. SISTBIDPTIOM OP riC-(5!IiY UMIS. tJnit l i s t . I 9CC-89 1000 60 4 5 000 1909-90 60 Total Unlta 120 Outlay Es.90000/- 120 90000 .70. CHAPXER^^XI ippSTRY^ANn^ Tr ib al^DeVelop^snt_Sche me s^ n g o In g )^ Q ie ^ Afforestation, ^CoaBunicat ion^ond^Build in^sj;^ t The o b je c t o f the scheme which in clu d es ( i ) ra isin g of plantations, (ii) forruation of roads, (iit) oonstra*^ ction of school buildings and (iv) preservation and Developiaent of Kalrayan H ills is to improve the economic condition of the* h ill tribes in the Porest arsas by providing them employment, education, housing and other am enities. The afforestation,, communfc at ion and building programmes are proposed to be carried out continuously as is being done during the Sixth Plan period* A sum of Rs,.273*00 lakhs is required during the Seventh Plan period for continuing the scheDs. The details for the outlay is furnished in the Annexur.e# No new scheme w ill be taken up during the Seventh PLan period under Forestry Sector due to paucity of funds. -71- ANNEXURE Nane of the Sehetne: Tribal Developnient Aoofrestatlon-ComQunlcationa and Baildinga Physical -(HA) Financial Planting ICO . (R stin lakhsE) Goal, obtin ed apto the end o f 1983'^84 4-62:1 1518.'‘ 28 KM 12*4*57 BU Position projected for 1984’^5* 136Q 2003^ . 27 ICM 53v53 T otal (A + B) 59811 352:1, • 55 K.M. \ ti^ m C» Projection for the Seventh Plan (85*^0) with Annual Phasing. 8770'4320 - 95^ 275.00 PHXSiCAIi FlUANOIAIi Details 85*^ '86-87 87~68 88-89: 89-9.0 85-i«6 8&KJ7 87-60'^O-QS'39-^Q! Total ^^tlng^'^^'^^ ^lan*- ^gg-^ iffij.,0 193O 5 44 #40 41 .7 5 45,20. ICO 790 800 010 910; 95Q 1 40,55 44 .9 0 Avenue 19 EM 20 KM 21 EM : m 23 km I Road and Baildinga Maintananca ~ 1585 32 5^' 5415 3590! >f■ < ii 6.00 7.00 8. Ob. ^00..' Establishment i 3:.00 5 .2 0 3.40 3»50. 3 .e q Researchi Monitoring \ & Evaluation*, 2'^QO 2 » ia 2 .2 5 2»35 2*40;' pther Infra strcictural Total: 51;^B5 54.40 57.05 5.9.90^72*6a o] ______^225wOO tfandays ( : OOOO 557 669 7Q5 759 771 343® ------7 2 - CHAPTSg J i j COOPS The backwardness of the trihals could 130 alfctribatea to inany factors* Among them, poverty, H iiteracy indebted!* ness are the most important ones^ Poverty and tllit^cacy prevent them from adopting improved techni(jues in agri culture and in other subsidiary occupations* This again is responsible for their socio'-economic backwardness* /^agmentation of lands, poor return for the inputs,, tejen- ne.ss to s a t is fy the s o c ia l o b lig a tio n s and the reBuXtantf in3 ebtednessK form the vicious circle* The money lenders^ taking advantage of this situation exptott. them b®^ lending money for exhorbitant rates of interest and by taking away^ their poor yields for throwaway prices* Failure to repay the debt results in the loss of land# According to the statistics collected in the Bench Mark Survey conducted in 1971 > SOfo of the families in the Tribal Sub-*Plan areas were indebted# Area-^wises indebtedness of the tribal families is ^iven below: -7 3 - SiibHPlan Total No* Indebted hoaseholda I>i st r i c t of tribal ^ ^ ho usehalUEEEi Money Land Tra-* Total- lenders Lord ders Sitter! HUls (Dliarmapori) 162a 114;^ 2!T 61 12^1’ (76 ) Kalrayan H ills (Soath Arcot) 1279 2144 24a 1763 (5 4 ) Javadhi H ills (North Arcot) U 2 ^ 329 129 1070 (5 6 ) Pachamalai T26'3 n o . 47 99 946 (T iruchy) (75) Pachamalai 176li 109JT 92 149 1530 (Salem) (7ff) Aranuthamalai (Salem) 4,00^ 39B — — ■m (02) pilrayan Hills l^alem ) 2423^ 19S IQ 2633 ( 70) m iX i H i ll s 5974 3241. 295: 303; 3033 (64.) Yercaud 931- 529 26 31 586 (6 3 )_ All Sab-Plan 24396 1230CI 12.5a ia3Q- 145QS (60 ) (^igures in bracket represent the percentage of indebted house Hiolds to the total tribal ho use--ho Ids),. Oat of 6'56 hoase-*holds identified as those vfho have transferred their lands to nonHiribals, 59Q> hoase*-holds belonged, to Sch*Tribes* This gives a clear picture of the economic cxDndition of the tribals« - 7 ^ With a view to iQprove the econouic conditions, 12 LAKPs hsfs?e3 been estaM.ishedi in the I*T.P.P. area® and one in N^n~I.T.D»P» area# The perfortiances of these LAMPS have been discussed in earlier Chapter,, The existing 13> LAMPs (12. in I*T.D.P# and 1i In Non-I.T-D.P^) w ill be continued during the Seventh Five. Year Plan period and no new LAMP Qboperative Society w ill be foriaullated during the Seventh Plan period# Services of the LAMPs include, provision of crop loans, consumption loans, nediup terni loans for productive purposes oarketing the produces of the tribals to ensure reasonable return for their produces, taking forest units on lease, collection of minor forest produces by engaging tribals, and distribution of agricultural and animal hus-^ bandi*y inputs to the t r ib a l b e n e fic ia r ie s and making available essential commodities at fair prdje^ The usual financial assistance like risk fund subsidy, price flu ctuation subsidy, managerial subsidy, furniture subsid.y, etc*, w ill be continued during the Seventh Plan period, also*, Now the family coverage is 100^,. During the Sixth Plan period (iJ.pto 30*G*04.) 40,246 persons (T rib a ls 37,027, Non-tribal 2,419) were enrolled as members in the LAMPs^ To facilitate the LAMPs going in for the marketing in a big way, vehicles and branch godowns w ill be provided at a cost of Rs.37#-50 lakhs. Besides this, share capital subsidy of lakhs, interest subsidy of Hs*67#-20. lakhSj r is k fund subsidy o f R s ,52^70 la Mis w ill be -7 5 - provided by Governnent. Staff qiiarters w ill be cona-- tracted at a cost of Rs.34*20 lakhs dai‘ing the Seventh Plan period* The t o t a l ou tla y required under Coope-* rative Sector for the Seventh Plan period, is Rs.390^9.7 lakhs* XKs. in SI.No. Iten cl assistamcG. 19C5-C6 1906-67 1967-88 19G0-G9 I 989- 9O T ota l. 26.00 26. 0c 1. Shi-rG capital subsidy to tribal nGnbe r s . 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 20.00 2. Interest subsidy, 11.90 12.60 13.30 14.00 15.40 67.20 3. PricG Fluctuation Fund Subsidy. 2.70 2,75 3.00 3.25 3.5 0 15.20 4# Openin^i of branches. G. 25 4.95 3.30 -- 16.50 5. B u ild in g for village shops. 6.35 6.00 —- - 12.33 6. Kisk Fund Subsidy, 9.35 9.90 10.45 11.00 12.00 52.70 7. Blectrificaticn of village shops. 0.20 0.20 0.55 - ■ —. 0.95 6. l^na£^erial subsidy. 1.92 2.16 2.16 2,16 2.16 10.56 9. Transport subsidy. 1.60 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 o .c o 10. Employaent of M.Ds. and Managers. G.36 9.38 9.38 9.38 9.38 45.00 11. Enplcynent of Technical Staff. 6.55 7.48 7.48 7.48 7.48 36.47 12. Subsidy for Diivers Pay and maintenance, 1.76 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 9.6G 13. Purchase of transport vehicles. 1G.00 3.0 0 --- 21.00 14. Construction of staff quarters, 7 ; GO 10.80 15.60 - - 34.20 15. Construction of jeep sheds. 2.00 0.40 - - - 2.40 16. Purchase of furniture'. 0.60 0.40 — — — 1.00 17. Water facilities for headquarters Conplex. 1.00 0,50 — - - 1.50 18. Supply of Typewriters, - — 0.90 0.90 19. Setting up of Tribal Developnent Cell in Registrar's Office. 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54 7.70 TOTAIv 95.86 106.C4 75.44 55.59 57.24 390.97 -7 7 - SpecJ-al Central ^ssistance|^—^ Out of the above oatlay of Rs«390»97 lakhs the Special Central Assistance is expected to be in the order of Rs*00*00 lakhs* The year-wise breakriip are.; as followss*- Year State n,Pin Central Aaals— T otal tance (Hs tn lakhs) 1905-f36 75.36 20.00 9.5*06 1936-07 31 .04 25.00 1,06.04 i9d7-^& ■57 .44. ’io.bo’ ' 75.44 19D0-09> 4^*.59j 10,00 55.59- 1909-90. 50,24 7.00 57.24 510»,97' 00.00 3^0 .9T ^ ^ pm 0mm ^ mm M Institationai SiQanc^:;:^ The qaantaci of Institational Finance ^required under Cooperation is esticiated to Be Rs,350*00 lakhs*. The year'-wise tentative require pent s are as folio wss~ (R ss in lakhs) (Tentative) 1905-06 05^00) 19G6-0T 55 #=00 1907-00 70^00 1:900-09 70i.00 T909-9l0 70*00 T ota l: 350*00- -7 8 - CHAPTER - X ll MINCR IRRIGATION; In the tribal areas rainfall is the main source or irrigation* There are- small unclassified texiks which are used for stoiing and irrigation# Most of the tribciLs are eith cr cultivators os agr&caitu jral labourers depending on the land* Therefore the tribal economy is mainly conditioned by the land they plough# The hilly areas being slopy, could not retain water long#' The rain water simply flows down and benefit the people QjCe> at the foot of the hills# Tribal totally relies on the Nature and the vagarious of monsoon^. Therefore i f the tribcQ, economy is to be given a boost,first the tribals should be given assured water supply and secondly the age old methods of cultivation, should be replaced by modem improved methods of cultivation#' The lat^r part is*discussed in the earlier Chapter on Agriculture < This chapter discusses the former#' According. ’ to the bench mark (Sample) survey, the total area irrigated by all sources in all the selected villages, is 7293 acres# Of this 3,099 acres are ir r ig a te d by tanks, and 2601 acres by w ells# About 1100 acres are ir r ig a t e d by e le c t r io pump sets and 179 acres by oil pump sets. The percentage o f netV5'a^Ba.\ ir.rigated to the net area so\^m in the selected Sub-Plan ♦ area and for^ the^di strict as a whole is given belo\x- •1 9 - Percentage o f nett area irri- Sub Plan “gatMrito^net area so\^t In the Sub In the District Plan " ■ " “as a whole 1. Sitheri Hills (Dharmapuri Dist*) 6.77 12.9 2 . PachampiLaJL (T iru ch i) 40.90 24.2 Kalrayan H ills (South Arcot) 1.04 53*3 4.Javac3hi H iiis (North Arcot) 5 *83 ^ 45*8 5 • P ac ham ala i( Sal on) 98.55 Amnuthum*alai(^alQn) • 45i45 7. Kolli Hills (Salon) 24.27 Qk Yercaud (Salem) Nil | 9* Kalrayan Hills( Salem) 21.80 { The percentage of area irrigated in Sitheri Hills, Kalrayan H ills (South Arcot)» Javadhi Hills and Yercaud is very low compared to non-tribal areas* To improve the irrigation sources, and to conserve the soil, check-dajns and percolation ponds are consr- tnActed undo? Tribal Sub-Plan. The scheme for the electrific ation of the tribal areas has helped in energistii^the wells meant for irrigation* Wherever, no-electricity is avail ^le oil, pumpsets will be pro vided* The tribaJ-s v/ill be encouraged to sink v/ells, fmdr,^ix pump sets to tap the ground water. _This encourage* ment will be in the fonn of subsidy and laan for sinking » and fixing of pumpset* Check dams will be constructed to store rain water and use it for irrigsttion. While -8 0 - clearing the proposals for the constructions o f check dj^nsy it will be ensured that of the total extent hene- fittod by this project, more than 50% should be covered by the Sc heduled Tribes. o f After the impl on eitation/the programmes contemplated in the docum ait, it is hoped that the irrigated area will increase considerably# There are no possibilities of having major o r medium irrigation projects in Tamilnadu*' Therefore no perspective plan for the development of irri*^ gation sources in Tribal areas has been prepared. To bring a Larger area under irrigation check-dams and percolation ponds will be c cnstnicted from out of the Master Plan prepare by the Chief Engineer, (Minor Irri^' gatSiOn) Exact location will be decided at the time of clearing the proposals. These Check-dams will be cons tructed in the jungle stream to save rainwater and use it for irrigation purposes* Percolation ponds will be constructed wherever possible, in order to raise the level of the water table* The details of financial outlays for 1985-90 are furnished In the next page* The i^ysloal targets for 1985-86 are given In the Annexure Tribal Siib-Plan II I at page 174. - 81 - SEVENTH TRIBAL SUB PLj^^ minor IRRIGATION; 1985 - 90 Year Salem D istrict* SouthL A rcot Dhamapuri North T rich y T ota l A rcot Yercaud K o lli Kalrayan Aranu- Pac ba K ilrayan S it t e r i J awadhi Pacha- H ills H ills H ills . thu rn ala i H ills H ills Hills malai ------• ' malai 1985-86 - 5.50 T -- 5.00 2.00 2.00 5.50 20.00 1986-87 4,00 > 4.00 3 *00 2.00 3.00 - - 21.00 1987-88 - 3.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 - 4.00 5.00 21.00 1988-89 3*00 4.00 3 ^ 0 3.00 - 5.00 3.00 mm 21.00 1989-90 5-00 5 .00 4,00 3.pO_ 4_.00 mm 21 ^ 0 7 .0 0 17.50 16.00 12.00 8.00 13.Q0 10 .00 10 .00 10.50 104.00 - - - -8 2 - SPECIAL Cm^RKL ASSlgTANOS; Out of tlie total outlay of Rsf104*00 lakhs ■the quantum of Special Central Assistance is expected to be Rs,38*00 lakhs. The yearwise break up is as fo llo w s :- (Rs. in lakhs) State Plan Sp ecial Central Assistance# 1985 - 86 10.00 10.00 1986 - 87 ID .00 11.00 1987 - 88 16.00 5.00 1988 - 89 14.00 7.00 1989 - 90 16.00 5.00 To1al - . 66.00 - . - 58^00 - - . • - 8 3 - CHAF'TER-xIII ' RURAL ELffiTPJFlCATIQN^ COf'lMU'NlGglONr HOUSING; ELECTRIFICATIQK; El e c t r ic it y has asgamed an important r o le in every waik of life* It has become an index of develop- ment* Briiging light in the life of the tribals through socio-economic measures is possible with the electrifi- GPcti.on alsD*' Realising this, ihe programme of electri fication of the tribal colonies is given due importance. The progress, made, in el^ trifyin g th-e iM re l- pa-rbs of the* ■ State is significant. The Tribal areas in the districts o f Coimbatore, North A rcot, Madurai, Rammthapuram and The N iigiris have been electrified* Particularly, Jawadhi hills has been electrified fUlly. The immediate benefit o f the t r ib a ls through th is programme i s they get stre e t lights, house connections and energy for irrigation* This w ill in the course of time increase employment opportunity through the setting up industries as raw materials will be av a ila b le a'Sllessear c o s t here* At present, since the return for the investmiait is very poor in tribal areas, 759^ of tlie cost is now givQi to the Electricity Board for electrifying the tribal areas* This step is essential to electrify the ~trit5aX villages 'md hanlGiTs* According to th^3ench' Mark Survey, 2,6^' of the hamlets in Kal^r^iyan H ills of Salem, 16.6^ of the hamlets in Yercaud, 23,8% of the hamlets in Pachamalai in Salem District ha/e been electri fied* The recently takoi over Kalrayan Hills of South Arcot District is now being electrified^ giving due -04— weightage to the brsck^varclness of tho areas^ it is pro posed to electrify these ITDP^ s areas,during the Seventh Plan Period* Totally a sum of Rs.l46*00 lakhs will bo spent for electrifying hamlets of villages* Yearwise details are as follows* Aj:7Qa-wise distribution of funds, number of hamlets/villages to be covered w ill be decided at the time of clearing the proposals on consulting • the Collectors of the Districts* 85-86 86-87 87-88 88-89 89-90 Total 1 • Yercaud 2.. Kolli Hills 3* Kalrayan Plills 4* Pachamalai 5. Jevadhi Hills 24*00 26.00 29*00 33.00 34*00 146*00 6 * Aranuthumalai 7. Sitheri Hills 8 * Pachamalai 9 * Ealrayan HiHs T otal 24.00 26*00 29*00 33.00 34*00 1 46*00 --85- , C0r4IC‘NlC ig?lON; ^onorally the tribc^l arc^ns are not easily accessible bGCPUse they aro on the h ills nnd arnidst forest* This is the main cause for the backwardness of the areas.- The strategy of the Sub Plan is to open up these areas, so that the phase of development could be accelerated. There is imperative need to open up all the tribal areas by forming nil weather roads* Also there should be proper communicar* tion between one village/hamlet and the other. Such road .net. work. “W^ll. ena^ble. the tribals to have easy contact with the plains for procuring their needs, and also to market their products profitably.' This net work will also pave way for the improvement of basic amenities like health, power, schooling etc. The danger of the plains men, entering the tribal areas and exploiting the tribaLs easily is also there, if the hilly ajreas are opened. This can be effectively chegked through effective functioning of the L/iMPS. With a view to open up the tribal areas for speedy improvemait, roads are fom ed,. connecting them with plains initially. V/herever necessary, link roads a re also formed A master plan consisting of 32 Road-works at a total cost of f^s.2212*50 lakhs for road development in tribal areas has been prepared, taking into account the existing infra structure available in the areas, and the requirement for. cronn'^ting th-e areas with marketing and growth the centre.^ Euring Seventh Plan a sura of Rs.284.00 lakhs w ill be spent for prDviding communication facilities in the nine I .T *D.P. areas. The spill over v/ork will also be -8 6 - completed during the period* The year-wise distribution of funds are givai bdL:^* ^iBtr*ibttildbn':6£iifUnds and the work to be taken up will be decided in consultation with the Collectors at the time of clearing the proposals*' A lis t of works proposed for c cnsideration is fumished in, the annexire. The yearwise requirements is as follows:- Year Hs. inlakhs 1985-86 108.56 1986-87 43.86 1987-88 43.86 1988-89 43.86 1989-90 - - -43.86-- -..2 8 4 .0 0 - DETAILS OF V/ORKS' N o .o f KJ^. Cost in lakhs 1, Trichy Di strict: Improvement to Scbanapuram to To Sengettupatti 10#60 7.50 2« Salem Didbrict : Road from K^bur to Sirumalai (Aranuthumalai) 8.00^ 40.00 3 . Dhamapuri Di st. ^^oad from Kattupatti to Sittilingi 11.20 -56^00 - 103.50 Spill over works 180 ;50" 284.00 -8 7 - Hou sing; The problon of housing is complicated by its enormous difference in climate, poverty of the tribals etc# This has to be viewed in the aspects of shelter sanitation and comprehensive cost* The plight of the_ Sc he dal ed Tribes is miserable# They live in illventi- lated huts put up in unhygienic conditions. They are also not economically sound to provide themselves with good houses* Unless they are provided with house of their own and made to feel that they ha/e got some ■ interest, * it'w ill be vei^ difficult to’ improve their lo t* T h erefore, since Secnrid Five Tear Plan a scheme for the construction of houses for Scheduled Tribes is being implanented* The construction of houses for Scheduled Tribes has been aitrusted with Tamil Nadu Adi Dravidar Housing and Development Corporation*' The Tj^ix Nadu Adi Dra/idar Housing and Development Corporation has taken up the construction of houses for SCs/STs in the State* A sum of Rs'* 2*63 lakhs is propoB3aj for the Seventh Plan* During the Seventh Plan a sum of Rs*2*63 lakhs will be provided for the construction of houses to the tribals in the nine ITIP. areas*-- T-he^ -estimated cost of construction ■'for each house in the hilly areas is roughly about Rs*9000/- About 30 houses w ill be constructed during 1he plan Period* The houses w ill be constructed on a suitable type ^designs and this work w ill be assigned to the Tamil Nadu -^di Dravidar Hausing and Developm eit Corporation* The Area -8 8 - wise_breakup of outlays will be as followsr -8^-86- 36-^7 87-83 -88-^9 -89-90 -T otal SALE14: l^Kolli Hills mm 0.53 •«* mm 0 .5 5 2 •Yeroaud - - ^'•Kalrayan H ills 0,52 «* 0 .52 4*Paohamalai - - «* mm - 5 ^Aranuthumalai - - mm NORTH ARGOT; 6*Jawadhi Hills 0*52 **** - mm mm 0 .5 2 HHARMAPURJ: 'M 7*Sitheri Hills - 0^53 0.5 3 SOJTH ARGOT: S.Kalrayan ^ ills tm - 0.53 — 0 .5 3 TIFUGHIR/^PPALLI: 9'*Pachamalai ------• _ mm „ T ota l: - - -0*52 - 0.52- ■0.5 3 - 0.53- 0.53- 2 S 3 - -8 9 - CH/JTER XlV KliAQI /J^D VILL/GE IHIUSTPJSS. Opening of small incTustries in tribal areas is essoi- tial for promoting the income of the tribals to some extent• There is no scope for developing the modem industrial sector in any big way in the tribal areas# There is of course some pitoitial to develop the small industries sector, particularly fruit canning. As thore is some anti cipated marketing difficulty for fruit canning industry it has to be approached cautiously. •The-re are -also possibi-lit-ies •for bee-keeping-* While some beginnings have been made for development of bee-keeping it is reported to be a success#. As a piogranme to give supplemaatary incane to the tribals, the bee-keeping prcgranme is usellil* The tribal areas v/ith their elevation, climate and flora are suited for a fairly big programme of bee-k^^ing» The tribals who are not conversant with the technical kimowledge of the bee-keeping industry should be given training by the technical personnel# In order to make them aware of the modem methods in bee-keeping industry, preli minary training will be necessary for the tribaLs for a period of one week for maintaining beehives properly, extracting the honey, processing the hon^ etc* Three months training will be imparted to ihe individuals by the bee- fieldmai concerned, already looking after the implementation o f bee-kesping scheme in the Sub-Plan areas* The ^ :rib als . have to be educated on proper maintenance o f the hives and -9 0 - convinced of the returns that they would get if the hives are maintained properly# No particular marketing problems are likely to arise*’ PRQGRi>MME FOR 1983-90: Beehives and othir villageJndustring Pro/?rRiafflB: Distribution of Beehives; Bee-keeping has proved to be a goodsourceof inccme to the triljal families* There is a great demand for supply of beehives in aH tribal Sub-Plan areas and there more is a vast potential to supply/beehives. It has been proposed to distribute 25,650 sets of beehives to 2,565 individuals at 50% subsidy during 1935-1990* Each set will consist of 10 hives, one extractor one smoker etc* Thus an outlay of Rs *35 *210 lakhs is required during 1985-90 to impelanent the scheme as detailed beLowt- ■ 1 9 8 5 -^ 1986-87 '1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 Total' Distribution of Beehives No *ojf" beno- Out- T {lo .of Out- No .of Out f}o*of Out No*of Out No.oi Ou t f i c i a r - ^ beno- le y ben&^ lay beno^ lay bene- lay bene- le ^ ie s f i c i ai> f i c i - ftci- fici- lici- i e s a ries aries aries ari es north /u^CT STRICT; 1 . J awadhu K ills 100 1.150 200 2.50 200 2^70 200 2^9(X'200 3.10 900 12.350 •ni^d^4iiPURl plSTFvlCT: 2. Sitheri Kills 60 0.650 60 0.75 ^0 1.08 70 1.01 100 1.55 370 5.080 SOUTH /JICCT DISTRICT; 3. Kalrayan Hills 30 0.345 30 0.38 :^0 0.40 30 0.44 30 0.47 150 2.035 S/iLEM la: STRICT; 4. Kolli Hills 30 0^345 50 0^6 3 6 0 0.81 70 1.0 1 80 1.24 290 4.035 5. KaLray?n H ills 50 0^575 75 0.94 75 1.01 75 1.09 100 1.55 375 5.155 6 « YerCaud 30 0.345 30 0.38 ^ 0.40 30 0.44 30 0.47 150 2.035 7 P?ichnmalai 50 0.540 20 0.25 30 0.40 40 0.58 50 0.76 I90 2.530 8 * Aranuthumalai _____- 20 - -0.25 - 30 0.40- ^ 0.$0 50 0.76 140 1.990 - - 350 - 3.99O- 485 6.08 535 7.20 555 8.04 640 9.90 2565 35.210 -9 2 -. PAY AND ALLOWANCES OF STAFF; For the pay and allowances of 22 Bee-fieldmen for the implementation of the Bee-keeping schemes in the sub-Plan areas and for the pay and allowances o f other staff viz. One Deparlfeental Secretary and one Clerk appointed (Harur Bee-keepers Co-operative Society in Sitheri H ills) in connection with the Bee-keeping schemes in the Sub Plan areas a sum of Rs.15,420 lakhs will be provided during 1985-1990 as detailed in the next page* 19S7-«» "1988^ -Tgegigcr- - m B ALLOVIANCES OF BEE-FlELEiyiEN • North Arcot District 1* Jawadhu K ills 0.770 0.85 Oi93 ■1.02 1.13 4.700 • DH/iRT^iiFURl DISTRICT 2. aitheri I-iills' '' 0.4A0 0.48 0;i53 0.59 0.6 4 2.680 SOUTH ARCOT: * 3» Kal'rayjM H ills 0,330 0.36 0*40 0 . ^ 0.48 2.010 TIRUCHIRAPALLI DISTRICT ; 4# Pachamalai'Hills 0*110 0.1 2 0v13 0.15 0.16 0.670 SALEM DISTRICT: 5. Kplray.^ Hills 0.330 0.36 OiAo 0 .4 4 0.48 2.010 6*: K o lli H ills 0.330 0.36 0i40 0 .4 4 0.48 2.010 7*' Arcuiuthumalai 0.220 0 .2 4 0-.Z6 0.30 0.32 1.340 T otal . 2*530 2.77 3',05 ?*33 . 3.69 15.420 During the year 1982-83, '3 Sub-units o f the Khad4. and V ill^ e In^stries Board were A started in Jawadhi HiiXs in North Arcot District and Kolli H ills md K^arayan H ills in Salon liistrlct to promote village industries for the puipose of piovidlng employment opportanitles to the tribals* These 3 SubJffiiits w ill be ccntinued during the Seventh Five Year ^lai period and an outlsy of Rg.19*^82 lakhs will be required during 1985-90 as detailed below:- 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 To tea - mQRTH arcot U g?RlCT 1 *' «Tawadhu H ills 1.064 1.17 1.29 1.42 1.55 6.494 q/iT.RM nlSTRICT; 2, Kalray^ Hills 1.064 1.17 1.29 1.42 1.55 6.494 3. Kolli Hills 1.064 1.17 1.29 1.42 1.55 6.ii94 4.65 19.482 - 3.192 - 3.51 3.87 4.26 There i s a regu lar programme to d istritx ite more number o f beeh ives/every y e a r /to the tribcCLs since the existing bee colonies alone are not aifficlent to meet the demmd JDr the beehives to be distributed during Seventh Five Year Plan periods' It is therefore imperative to establish many bee nurseries for the productaqoi of n ew. coOLonies• A Bee Nursery can supply iOO numbers of multiplied bee colonies in a year* One family can easily manage and apiary of 20 to 30 Bee Colonies and the return is^^ery high. During 1985-86 bee-nurseries will be esta- bli^iied ofv/hichone v4-ll be in Jawadhi Hills in North Arcot District and one will be in Kolli Hills and one will be in KaLraym Hills inSalem District respectively. A aim of Rs.14.802 lakhs will be provided during 1985-90 as detailed below:- Starting "of Bee "Nursery 1905-86 - 1986-87 ■• 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 ■ • T o t E l ' North Arcot District ' ' , • ■ - 1 • J awadhu H ills 2.334 0.56 0 .6 2 0.6 8 0.74 4.934 Salem D is t r ic t • .• 0.68 4.934 2. Kolli Hills '■^ 2.334 0.56 0 ^ 2 . 0 .74i 3. kalrw^in Hills 2.334 0.56 0.62 0.68 0 . ^ 4.934 1 .6 8 - 1 .8 6 2 .0 4 2.22 14.802 To taL 7 *002 !-I It is proposed to impart training to the trlbfa.s in Bee-Keeping Industry in Sitheri Hills in Dhfurmapuri Di strict and Kalrayan H ills in South Arcot D istrict during Sevoith Plan Period* A gam of Rs.1.760 lakhs w ill be provided during 1985-90 as detailed belowt- 1985-86 1985-87 1987-88 I988-89 1989-90 T otal ;; SHiJjHifURl DISTRICT; ln'Sittieri Hill s 0.08 0.08 0.23 0.23 0 .6 2 SOUTH A~^CCT U gRiCT; 2. K?lraynn H ills 0 .2 7 0.29 0.29 0.29 1.14 TOTiU. - .0.35 0.52 1.76 to u r uane/iiamDoo J-ndustrial Co-operative Societies were sanctioned during 1984-85. 1* fls-theri Cane and ^amboo industr-icQ. 'Co-operative Society# 2* Cane Bamboo Industrial Co-operative Society- at Chinnanoogadu and Nagalur in Kalrayan Hill sin Salem District* 3« Caie (=nd^amboo Industrial Co-operative Societies PadipaLapattu in KaLiayan H ills (south i\rcot Di strict) These societies have already been organised and expected' to start its functional activities during the year 1984-85* Hence th^ continuation o r existing staff is essential . . 'i,. . . . during 1985-90 •! -A sum of Rs.1*460 lakhs will-'be required dirilg 1985-90 as detailed below:- ...... ^ - 1985-86 - 1986-$7- 1987-88 1988-^' 1989-90 S otp l ■ - Dhamopuri Di strict; 1. Sitlieri Hills 0JD6 0 .07 0.07 0 i O S ' 0.0 8 0.35 South Arcot District; 2, Kalraynn Hills 0.06 0.07 0.07 0«08 0.08 0.36 Salcan 3 l s t r i c t ; - 0.12 ' 0.15 0 .-16 0.18 0.74 5. Kplrayrn Hills ■- ; 0 .1 3- • . . _ - TotfiL 0 .2 4 ■ 0.27 • 0.29 0.5 2 0.34 V . 4 6 - ( CANS AND BMBQQ TRAINING; Training has been imparted to 105 inciLvlduaLs in Cane and Bemboo Industries in Kalrayaa H ills in South Arcot District fran 1980-81 to 1982-83 ani the Tribals are interested to learn the £^rt of work in Cane and Bamboo* As there is a vast scope to ccnduct more batches of train* ing to the individuals in Kalitiyan H ills in Sou-th Arcot D istrict and Pachamalai in Tiiuchi J)istrictf it is proposed to impart training in Cme and Bamboo Indistrios to 500 individuals during 1985-90« -A-sum-of Rs ^•366-lakhs will be provided during 1985-90 as detailed below:- -1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 19^8-89 1989-90 Totsa ■ - Dharmapuri D istrict: 1* S ith eri H ills -- 0 .2 4 - — 0 , 2 ^ South Arcot District: 2* Kalraypn H ills 0*646 1.19 1.20 1.33 f i j S 5.726 Tiruchi D istrict:- ‘ 3.'„PachamaLai - 0*20 0.20 - O.itOO T otal 0.646 1.39 1.64 _ 1.33 1.36 6.366 PiTgriumTlDN 0F It is proposed to distribute Carpentaiy and Blacksmithy tools to the tune of Rs*1*100 lakhs to 100 individuals engaged in C rrpentary and Blackmithy in Kalrayan H ills in South Arcot D istrict .and Pachamalai in Tiruchi District during Seventh Plan period* The outlay required xor 1985-90 vyill be Rs*1«100 lakhs as mentioned bklowi- e ■ . 1985-86 1986-87- -1987-38 1988-89 1989-90 Total South Arcot D istrict; 1. KaLrayan Hills 0.100 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.600 lHiu c hi laT:) al li Pi st ric t: 2. Pachanalai 0.2D0 - 0.20 _ '6.10 0.500" ♦ Total 0.300 0.10 0.30 0.25 0.15 1.100 __ r»100"“. . Gnlnut ProcQssin^ Centre at KarumanthuraX• A Gaj3inut processing centre has bGen sanctioned during 1983-84 with the follov4-ng sta ff:- 1 • Sup crv isor - 1 2# Junior Assistant - 1 3* Vfatchman - 1 The above mentioned staff has also been continued during 1984-85. Hence the existing staff is essential during 1985-90. A sum of Rs*1«550 lal:^s will be provided cJaring 1985-90. (Rs# in lakhs) 1985-06 0,250 1986^7 0.280 1987-88 0.310 1988-^9 0.340 1989-90 -.0^370-- Tot^a “i;550“ Mat weaving Co-operative Societies in Kalitivan H ills in ^alem pistr act Three Mat Weaving Co-operative Societies were sancHdoned in K air ay an H ills in South Arcot D istrict during 1984-85. These societies have already been orgaaised and expected to start its functional ac-ti’vities during A984*^5. Hence the ccntinuation of existing staff is es sen tLai^ during 19S5--90.' A sura of Rs. 1.358 lakhs w ill be provided viuring 1985-90 as detailed in the statement en closedV * -101. Beekeepers* Co-»opGratiye Society in Kalravan H ills• Salem D is tr ic t) Financial as si stare e w ill be provided to strengthen the ^eekeepers Co-operative Society at Soolankuruchi in Kalray?n Kills in Salem Pi strict* In Kalrayan H ills, 6oO Beehives ha^e al rcady been distributed to 6o individials* Besides the atove another 600.hives have been proposed to be distributed during 1984-85, It is therefore evident that the distribution of beehives in this area is a continuous programme in view of the vast potentiality, that e^dsts* It is therefore imperative to organise one Bee keepers’ * Industrial Cd-6per'afive‘ Society‘duririg'1985*^6 * in that area*- A sum of Rs.2*068 lakhs will be provided during 1985-90 for establishment, share capital and other miscellmeous contingency expenditure during Seventh Plan period* Year wise break up is furnished in the statemoit enclosed* Handmade Paper Unit at KalrayanHills in Salem r^ strict:- ..A hnndmadQ a t on --^tim ated c o s t o f ~ to lakhs is proposed/be established in Salon KaJLrayan Hills during 1986-8? to provide addition^ full time employment to 30 tribals (Non-rc-curring Rs*6.90 lakhs and Recurring Rs*5»10 lakhs) during 1986-87 for establishment and other miscellaneous exp^diture*' In all a sun of Rs*25 *00 laWis ^■^11 be required during Sevaith Plan period 1985 -90*' -1 0 2 - Rs. in lakhs 1986-87 12.00 1 9 5 7 ^ 4^00 1900-89 4.00 1989- 90' 5.00- Total 25-.00- Blacksmithy Training-cum-Production Unit at Pavadupatti in felrayan Hills (3alan District;^ A B1 ac k smi thy T rainin g-cura-Pro due t i on C en tre i s proposed for establishm «it in Kalrayan H ills in Salon strict to provide regular employment to 25 individuals. The cost of establishing one Blacksmithy Unit will be Rs.2.04 lakhs (Non-recurring Rs*1*65 lakhs and recurring Rs*0.359 lakhs) during 19B6-07 and thereafter only establish^ ment and miscellaneous expenditare has .been proposed for subsequent years of S6vent|a Plan period*' In all, a. sum of Rs.6*370 lakhs will be required during 1935-90 • Rs> in lakhs 1906-87 2.040 1907788 3.450 1988-89 0.420 1989-90 --0*460-- Total 6*370 -103- Distril)ution „Q£_,Dlati.ll ntion Plants, f o r LGni.Qii_.grfm^aiX_jfcQ in d iv id u a ls in KplraVc?ji H ills in Splem P i s t r i c t ;*•» It is proposed to distribute distillation plants for the extraction of lemon grass oil to 25 individuals in Kalrayan H ills in Salem District# A sum o f Rs «9*Q80 lakhs w ill be requii^ed during 1985-90 as detailed below:- Rs# in lakhs* 1987-38 3.57 I98O-.39 2.96 1989-90 '5.35 $ ■■mtlwH «>!■ WII I *Totc^ • *"9^88"^^ Tamarind Fruit Processing Centre-at Jawadhu H ills:*- A Tctnarind Fruit processing Unit at Karumanthurai was sanctioned during 1983-84 with the follov/ing staff*' Manager - 1 Watchman - 1 The above staff has also been continued during 1984-85•• ^ence the continuous of the existing staff is essential during Seventh Planperiod for which a sum of Rs.0*79 lakhs w ill be provided during' 1985-90. Rs« in lakhs 1985-86 0.13 1986^87 0.14 1987-80 0.16 1988-89 0.17 1989-90 "'0*19' Total *“‘0.79 - 104- T Pin a rind Seed Powder U n it;>- One Tamarind Fruit Processing Unit has been sanctioned f o r lo c a tio n at Jav/adhu H ills during 1903-34* The produc tion is expected to be commencenduring 1934-85 season.' On its commencenent of pro diction, the unit w ill get about 200 tonnes of Tamarind ^eeds as waste product after removing the fruits,^ from the seeds. These se-eds can be converted into powder v^ich is utilised in Textile Industry as one of the dyeing materials. The unit will provide additional full-tim e employmait to 10 tribals*' The cost o f establishmQit of one Tamarind Seed Powder Unit during 1985-86 andthe requiremoit of staff cost for Seventh Plan period w ill be required as detailed below:- Ks. in lakhs 1985--86 2.08 1986-87 0.10 1987-88 0.11 1983^9 0*12 1989-90 -0*13 To1al "2;54 ■ Baby Oil Bxpeller Unit- at Jawadhu H illss- I t i s proposed to e sta b lish One Baby O il Exp e l l er U nit at Jawadhu H ills fo r cruslsing o f Pungam seed gnd oth er non edible oil seeds available in this area in order to provide regul-^r direct employment to 6 tribals (indirectly to 100 tribals) and to deyelqp_their economic condition cJuriig 1985-86*1 The pungam seeds can be procured from the tribalsj through the LANP Society functioning in Jav;adhu Hills#^ -105- The cost of establislriing this unit will be about Rs.3«00 lakhs 19^5-86 and to continue this unit during 1985-90, a sum of Rs.4,535 lakhs w ill be required as detailed below:- Rs* in lakhs 1^5--86 3.005 1986-^7 0^330 1987-88 0.360 1988-89 0.400 1989-90 - 0 *440 Total ““4.535 Bee Re^aarch Labor-atorv. with- Qaeen Bae. rearing „^tat:ion . at Jpniunamarathur in Jawadiiu H ills Bee Keeping Indu stiy is a popular and thriving one among the tribals in Jawadhu Hills* Already I06I tribal families are involved in Beo-keeping Industry as a regular profession* It is programmed to expand this Industry by giving more number of beehives to the Beekeepers during the ensuing years to provide regul rr employment and to develop their economic conditionInview of the antici pated increased quantity of honey, there is need to improve the quality of the honey* Hence it is proposed to ha/e a research station on the Beekeeping Industry at Jawac^ Hills to under-"take the following activities*' 1* Domesticating certain varieties of wild Bfees* 2, To identify and to separate medicinal value of honey« 3* To in crea se the len gth o f probai^s and body s iz e -of .bees, v^ing size^^.tc^'-in order to fly up to 1.5 Knvia prder to collect the pollen and nector in large area* -105- A sum of Rs•1.905 lakhs will be required during Sevoith Plan period as dctrjiled below;- Rs» in lakhs 1986-87 0.980 1987--88 0.450 1988-89 0.2Z|0 1989-90 - 0^235- Tot^a “1.905' Managerial assi ^nnce for Bamboo/Makers Co-operative S ociety at Jav;ad!hu H ills : - One BarPiboo Basket Makers Co-operative Indistrial Co-operative Society has already been organised for the Welfare of tribaLs at JawadhaHills to provide employment to 60 tribals. As the said society is in the initial stage, it is absolutely necessary to provide Managerial As^stance, A sum of Rs.0.55 lakhs will be required during 1985-^ as detailed below:- Rs. in lakhs 1986-87 0.07 1987-88 0.15 1988-^89 0.16 1989-90 T ota l ^ Managerial assistance"to Jawadhi H ills Caroentarv ^o-operatlve Society;- One Carp(3:1 taj?y Workers Co-operative Society.,has been' organised f o r the W elfare o f t r ib a ls a.t Jawadbii ^ i l l s , to provide employm ait to SO tJFibalsV As the society is in the initial stage, it is necessary to provide man ferial assistance to this society* mlCffm A sum c f RswO*6lO lakhs w ill be roquirGd cUring Sevcni^ Plan p eriod 19^5-90*■ Rs# in lakhs 1906-87 0.13 1987-88 0.15 1988^89 0*16 1989-90 -0.17 Total 0*61 Bee Nursery at Tholthoold in Sitheri Hills in J^^harmapuri ~^rstrrcl:; One Bee Nursery has been established at Sitheri H ills during 1983-04* The construction of building is under progress* The nursery v/ill start its activities at tl^e beginning of 1985-86* Hence the continuation of staff is essential during 1905-90 for which a sum of Rs«2*02 lakhs w ill be provided during 1985-90. Rs. in lakhs 1985-86 0.67 1986-87 0.29 1987*^8 0*32 1908-89 0.35 1909-90 -0.39 Total '2;02‘ Provision of SrG.es - Bunks to the Beekeepers Go-operative Society in sitheri Hill~^ As there is a vast scope for getting more quantity of hon^, it is proposed to open 2 sales bunk in suitable places in . Dharmapuri District to promote the sale o f honey.' A aim of Rs.0.20 lakhs will be required during 1907-0C for the Seventh Plan Period. -103- Startln/z of Industrial Brick Unit at Sitheri H ills;- It is proposed, to stoxt small country brick units by giving subsidies to 10 individuals in Sitheri Hills at Rs«^0,0C0/- each, during the year 19^9-90 of Seventh Period* F iv e ^ear Plan*/ A sum of Re.l/-* lakh v/ill be provided during 19S5-90 Establishment of Assistant Director* s Off ice at Sitheri HiTlls^in Dhamiapuri pi strict* ' In sitheri Hills, the Tribal Sub Plan was introduced during 1976-77• Cn the Village Industries Sector aide, or^e H ill Tribes Beekeepers Co-operative Society and one Cane and Bamboo Industrial Co-operative Society are functioning in these hills. The bee-nurseiy at Tholthool^ has also been scnctioned*' Inview of the above, establish- moit of one Assistant Director's ^ffJ-ce at Sitheri Hills with a skeleton staff of one Assistant Director, with one Assistant, one Typist and Bailding Machineries etc# during the year 19^9-90 of Seventh Plan period*' A sum o f Rs *4*00 lakhs w ill be provided during 1985-90. Provi si on o f T ompo-Van- to t he Beekeepin/z Co^^Q-perative Sode-fcy at sitiieri liiTI s»~" ' ” A Beekeeping Indistrial Co-operative Society at Harur is functioning at Sitheri Hills for Welfhre of Tribals* . Its area of operation is coifinod to Dhaniicpuri District*' The honey has to be collected from TribdLs whose beehives are distributed in 20 KM*^ radius* Hence the tribals are not ab3ie to bring the honey by head load by trekking long distance. -1 0 9 - This leads to the cxploitp.tion of tribrls by private persons who biy at 1 ossor cost# Hence the sDcicty i s to be provided v;ith a tempo-van, by which the society will collect the honey from the beekeepers at their villages, weekly once. The tribrls v/ill get reasonable price imm aii ately and thereby their income w ill be increased* Hence, a sum of Rs«0«75 lakhs is provided for, to purchase/bne tempo-van for the Harur Beekeepers Co-operative Society during I9O8-O9 of Seventh Plan period* of Silk reeling? Centre at Sithcri H ills;- It is proposed to establish one Silk Heeling Centre at Sitheri H ills in order to provide regular anployment to 31 women t r ib a l s. Th-^ cost of establishing this unit will be Rs.3*00 lakhs during 19^0»-09 and jip continue the coitre in question during Seventh Plan period, a sum of Rs.3*50 lakhs v/Lll be require-d as detr^iled belov/:- Rs* in lakhs 1900-09 3.00 1909-90 0*50" T o t?l 3*50 Kolli Hills beekeepers Co-operative Societv-;- The kolli Hills Beekeepers Co-operative Society is at present functioning un :fer rented building. There is no adequate facility for stor^*ing and processing the honey procured from the manbers in the existing rented building for housing the society with storage facH itiesr Hence -11J. 4 sum of RsJ.l«OOiakh tov/ards constmction of buij/*ing md another Bim of Rs.0.6 lakh on estai)lishment charges v;ill be required during 1985-86 and for the remaining four years of Seventh Plan period the pay and allov/ances of the Clerk-cum-Storekeeper are alone need to be met. In all f Rs«1.40 lakhs w ill be rjequired during 1985-90* Rs» in lakhs 1985-86 1.06 1986-87 a J0 7 1 9 8 7 ^ 0 .0 8 1988-89 0.09 1989-90 ■■o;io' T ota l Honey Packing C a it r ^ - It is proposed to ostawblish Hon ^Packing Centre to f the Kolli H ills Beekeepers Co-operative Society where the ■f flow of honey is abundant*- The existing procurement arrangement are n ot ccmmens«!ffate Y J ith t h e quantum o f y ie ld Of honey* The proposqd centre will procure honey members, process it arid sell it at a better paice. The net' benefi-t will ultimately be transferred to the tribals* These unitP\4-ll thus provide employment to 8 tribals, throughout the year* The total cost of the scheme will be R s.0.30 lakh during 1985-^86*’ Aloe Fibre Industrial Co>*operative Society at ^ lli HjUs; In the Koili HillBfi'^aloc fibre is avail?ible abundantly*- This fibre can be used for making ropes and floor mats besides fancy articles like bags etc. Inview of availabili -1 1 1 - o f aloe fibre Industrial Co-operative Society at 3o}Suakkac!u in Kolli Hills for the manufacture of ropes and floor mats besides fancy articles* The finished products can be sold at Namakkal Khadi Crafts and other outlets in Salem tovn • A sum o f Rs , 1.52 lakhs ^11 be required during 1935-90 Rs, in lakhs 1986-87 0.97 1987-88 0.14 1988^>9 G .34 1989-90 ^-0.07- Total "1.52* Assistance to pane and Bamboo Industrial Co-operative Society a~b Kolli HillsT^ The existing activities of the Csne and Bamboo Industrial Co-operative Society at Kolli Hills may be diversified to a considerable extent during 1985-90. For diversifying the existing activities, -work shed, godovjn, t o o ls and im plonents, share c a p ita l, stip en d etc.- hsve to be provided.- The regjired working capital w ill be met by -the Tamil Nadu Khadi and V illa g e Indistries Boaxd. A sam of Rs.0.92 lakhs will be required during 1985-90. Rs. in lakhs 1986-87 0 *42 1987-88 0.34 1988-89 0.09 1989-90 0^07 Total “0'.92" - - - - ■■■ ■ 1935-86 1986-87 1987-^8 1988-89 1989-90 ToInT - SALEM dSTRjCT: Kalrayan H ills 1. Galnut processing unit 0.250 0.28 0.31 0.340 0.37 1.550 2, Mat Weaving C o-op erative S o c ie t i Gs 0.218 0 .2 4 0.27 0.302 0 .3 3 1.360 Bee Keepers Co-operative So gl e ti es 1.518 0.10 0.15 0.200 0.10 2.068 4 . Hcndmade Paper U nit - 12.00 4.00 4.000 5.00 25.000 5* HLack smithy Train in g-cum-^ production Centre 2.04 ‘ 3*45 0.420 0.46' 6.370 6* Distribution of distillation p lm t s - 3.57 2.960 3*35 9.880 i - 1^986 14.66 11.75 - 8.222 9 . s i I S , 228 ------_ . “ 1985-86' “ 1986-87 " 1987-88' •1988-89' ■"l989-90 TotsCL 1 M ii* • NORTH ARGOT USTRlCT: J awadhu H ills 1 • Tamarind fruit processing unit 0 .'130' • 0 wl4 0.16 0.^7 0.1 9 0.790 2*- Starting o f Tamarind Seed Powder unit 2.033 o . i o 0.11 0.1 2 0 .1 3 2,543 3* Establishment of Baby Expeller U nit 3.00? 0 .3 3 o .js 0.40 0 .4 4 4.535 4« Bee Research Laboratory with dieen Bee Rearing Centre _ 0*98 0.45 0 .2 4 0.235 1.905 5 • Managerial assistance for“ ^amboo Basket womens Co-oper« ative Society 0*07 0.15 0 .l6 0.1 7 0.550 6. Managerial assistance to J awadhu liills Carpentary^ workers Co-operative Society - ... V 0 .1 5 0.15 0,16 - - 0.18 ^ 0 ^620 « -5*218- . - 1.75 - 1.33- -• - 1.25 - • 1.345 ^ 0.943 - - ■— — . -114- 1985-86 ■ 1986-87 1987-88 1988^89' 1989-90 Tot?a nHAPJ^lAPURl DISTRICT; sitheri Hills ‘ 1 • Bee Nursery at Tholthooki 0.670 0.29 0*32 0*35 0*39 2.020 2J Provision of Sc^es Bunks to the " ’ * ■“ “ Beekeepers Co-ojoerative Society - - .20 - - 0.2D0 3. Starting of Industrial Bjlck Unit - - I i .00 1.000 Establishmeit of Assi stemt Dircctar^s ' " " . ‘ . Offi-ce , - - « ^ 4.00 • 4.000 5. ^Provision of tempo-Vai'to Beekeepers Co-operative Society • - -» 0.‘1?5‘ - 0.750 6. Starting of Silk Refeling Centre - ^ - 3.00 0.50 3*500_ . . ^ . - Toial - - . ■ 0.670 0.29 - 0.52 4.10 5.89 11.470 - -115- 1985-36 1986-^7 1987-88 ‘ 1988-89 1989-90 Total ^ALm P lgR ZIT : KQLLI HILLS: 1 ♦ In fra stru c -ba re as si st an cq for Kolli ?Iills ^ee keepers Co-operative Society 1*060 0*07 0.08 O.O9 0.10 1,400 2* Honey Packing Centre 0*300 - - ^ - 0.300 3* Aloe fibre Industrial Co-opera- tiv e Soci ety 0^97 0.14 0.34 0*07 1.520 4* Assistance to Cane and Bamboo Indu st ri al Co-op er ativ e Society at KolU Hills 0.42 0 .3 4 0.09 0.07 0.920 T otal 5.360 -1.46 0.56 ! g^52 0 .2 4 4.140 - 116- VILLAG3S INIUSIRISS: R s * in 1 0.1^1n s • Distribution of Beehives 35*210 Pay and allovmcesof Bee Fieldmen -15 #420 Continuation of Tribal Sub-Units 19,482 ^ee Nurseries 14.802 Cane and^Banboo Industri.al C o-operative Society 1*460 Cane and Bamboo Training 6*360 Oi^irteibution of Carpentary tools 1 *1®D X^alnut processing Centre at Kammanthurai 1.550 Mat Weaving Co-operative Societies in Salem Kalrayan Hills 1*358 Beekeepers Co-operative Society in Salon Kalrayan Hills 2*068 Handmade Paper U nit in Salem Kalrayan H ills25#000 CTAcksmithy Training-cum-Preduction U nit at Pagadapatti in Salem Kalrayan Hills 6 ,570 Distribution of Distillation plants ^ . for Lc-mongross oil to individuals ‘ in Salem Kalrayan H ills 9*880 Tamarind Fruit Processing Centre at Jawadhu H ills 0 *790 Tmarind Seed Pov/der Unit 2*540 BxpdLler Unit * 4 *535 Bee„Re,search Laboratory with Queen Bee refvring'^t'aticTir 1 *905 Managerial assistajice ^for Bajnboo Basket Maiccrs C o-op erative Society 0*550 Managerial assi stnce to Jawadhu H ills Carpentary V7omen Co-ope-jative Society ' 0*620 -117- Bee Nursery at Tholthooki in Sitheri Hills 2.020 Provision of Sales ^unks to the Beekeepers Co-operative Society in Sitheri Hills 0*200 Starting of Industrial Brick Unit at Sitheri Hills 1.000 Establishment of Assistant Director* s Office at Sitheri Hills 4.000 Provision of Tenpo-V'ti to the Beekeeping Co-operative Society at Sitheri Hills 0.750 Starting of Silk Reeling Centre at Sitheri H ills 3*500 Kolli Hills Beekeepers Co-operative Society 1 *A00 Honey Packing C a itre 0.300 Aloe Fibre Industrial Co-operative Society • t*520 Assistance to Cme and Bamboo Industrial Co-operative Socieity 0*920 Beekeeping training 1.760 TOTAL 160.370 Special Central Assistance; Out of the total outlay of Rs#160*370 under Village Industries a sum of Rs.13*00 lakhs is expected to be the special Central Assistance. The yearwise break up is as follows5- Rs» in l akhs State Plan Special Central Assi starve 1905-06 25.133 2.00 1906-37 31.010 2.50 1907-00 30.290 2.50 1980-09 31.730 2.50 1909-90 36.407 ' 3.50 T otal 155.370 ■13^0" - n o - Institutional finmcet- Under the Beehives distribution progr?mine, 50% o f the cost of the beehivss will be m et from the Institutional ment finarce. The require/of Institutional finance is as fo llo w s: - Beehives Programme* (Rs* in lakhs) 1905-36 3.990 1986-37 6.080 1907-88 7.200 1988-89 8.040 1989-90 -.9^900- Total -35.210 The total financial outlgiy under Institutional finaice for Village Indust-ries Sector will be Rs. 70 lakhs, -1 1 9 - S E R I C U L T U R E. This is one of the family oriented schcane thrcugh which the tribals c?n certainly raise up their income md the tribal families may cross the poverty line. Hence for impl(3menting this scheme in trib a l areas,, special attention has been paid in allocating fUnds#’ Under seiicultmre the following programnes w ill be implemented during the Seventh Five Year^^Tan p e riod (^ 8 5 -9 0 ) Financial Assistmce to Tribals (Subsidy) Financial assistance by way of subsidy towards supply of mulberry seed cuttings, basal do s\ge of fer^ tilisers, construction of rearing sheds, supply of rearing appliances and comprehensive training progranme wi-th educational tour are contemplated under th is scheme#' The qu antum o f sub si dy c on tonpl at ed ar e* - (a) Free supply of mulberry seed cuttings and l i bags complex fertilizer for basal dosage at Rs.500A per acre.' (b) Construction of Rearing sheds at Rs*19'X)/*- per t r i b a l . (c) Supply of Pvearing appliaiices free of cost for Rs.506/- per tribal family inclu.^ng garden tools (d) Training programme for farmers orie youth per tribal fam ily m d a stipend o f R s .l o o /- p er month fo r two months (e) SpeciaJL tools to be supplied during trf^ning for chawkie rearing at Rs.400/- per trainee* (f) Tour expenses for trained tribal youth at £s.100/- per trs^nee. For the implementation of this sc hone a sum of Rs . 3^2.70 lakhs w ill be requirod during 19G5-90* The details are as follows:- - - - ( rs# in lakhs) - _ _ _ Integrated - _ . D^eSpmait 19®-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 Toti P r o je c t Area; Kolli Hills (Solon Districts) 3.37 7.82 7.82 7.82 7.82 39.65j Kalrayan H ills ( Salem Di s tr ic t s) 12 *48 28.35 15.84 9 .9 4 9.14 75.75 Jawadhu H ills (North -^rcot Dt«) 32.03 25.72 2 9 ^ 7 24.97 28.35 1^.7^ Sitteri Hills (Dhamiapuri Dt.) 2,42 2.62 2.62 5.85 5 .7 2 19.2j( Kalrayan H ills (South Arcot Dt.) 10.49 10 .27 9.02 9.02 9 .0 2 47.82 Pachamalai H ills (Tiruchi Dt.) 10 .89 2.13 2.13 2.13 1 7 .2q Directorate of Sericultu re Salem . _ . 0 ■ 0.47 0.47 - 0.47 0.4 7 2 .2 5 - -Total- - - - -66.14- ^86.14- -67.57- -60.20 - 62.65 342.70 This programme v ;ill ; ben e fit 350 tri bal famili es to enable them to c r o s s the poverty l i n e . About 350 acres o f land w ill be brought under mulberry cultivation by the oid of 1905-90» 8". TiePEL SILK F / ^ l Model silk Faun at Kalrayan H ills (S£ Salem D is t r ic t w ill be esi^^iMJished with addA-tionaL f a c i l i t i e s during the - 1 2 1 - Sevonth Finn* For th is purpose a aum o f Rs*51»15 lakhs will be provided during Vne Seventh FIrji period. 9 . Egli^DLlSHI^EMT OF CHAV/KIE REiUliNG CENTRES: An additional Chawkie rearing C ait re w ill be establi shed in Jawadhi Hills lof North Arcot Di strict• This Centre w ill tev&oboth imarketing and reeling facilities* The total outlay proposed for this it on including the i * ongoing scheme covers to Rs.51.76 lakhs*' 10 PIVOLTINE SEED ZCNB MD IPlSlNFECTlON SOJ/JDt . . Divoltine seed z.aio wi th di sinf ec tion squ ad has been orgmised at Jawadhi Hills cf North Arcot District during the Sixth Plan.' To mail tain the aeed zone and meet the recurring expenditure during the SefV€3ith ^lan a total provision of Rs*3*50 lakhs has been provided.' The details of outlays are as follows*- Outlay . (Rupees inlaWis) 1985-06 • • 0 *70 1906-87 0 *70 1987-00 .i 0.70 1988-09 0 .70 1909-90 --0 .7 0 - T otfa " 3 - 3 0 11. PlLOT-.CUM>.SSFJglCE CENTRE: Government orders for establishAjs^tthree P ilot- cum-Service Cent:’es in the Tribal areas hrve been isaied# Provision of Rs*45*00 lakhs is proposed during 1935-90 for ^ \ maintenance. The caitres will be located at Kolli Hills -1 2 2 - Kalrayan H ills of SaLom District pnd one centre at Kalrayan H. ills of South Arcot District. The outlay for Seventh Plan period are as follows:-* Rs* in lakhs. 1985-06 .. 9.00 1906-87 .. 9.00 1907-08 .. 9.00 1908-09 9.00 1989-90 .. --9.00- Total '45.00 t12. AIMINISIRATIOM Airo EXIENSla'I STAFF; A separate officer will be sanctioned for the effective implementation of the Tribal Sub-Plan scheme arjd Seilem m South Arcot/Districts« The post will be created during the year 1905-06. Provision has also been made for the a d d ition a l s t a f f to the D irectora te o f S e ricu ltu re , Salem* Total provision of Rs•14.53 will be set apart in ihe Seven-th P lan . A ll the abov3 schcanes w ill pro-gide adequate infrastructure facilities and also employmait opportunities to tribals to eke out their livelihood* BUil Trtii; V.1.JL aUli .ir^L/UM FKUFi iQa^^^Q - (Rs, in lakhs) Sl*No# Name o f the Scheme 1985-86 1986-87 1987-0?C ■ 198^-QSf 1939-90 Bbtal Outlay 1 3.‘ 5 . \ '6 .: 7.- 0,' No . o f acres to be brought under 350 acres 350 a c. 550 aci* 350 ac .- 350 ac.' m ulberry. • No.' of beneficiarioB.ies 350 ,330 350 350 350 • 1* Financial assistance to tribals (Subsidy) - 7.090 12.425 12.425 12.425 11.535 56.70 2 . Incentive ©ivoltine Cocoons produced by the tribal frmilies 0*75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0*27 3.27 3. Chawkie Rearing Centres 2 7 .40 6.09 6*09 6^09 6 ^ 9 51.76 4 . Seed Cu'LLing M ultiplication Farm ' 5.22 0.26 -- 5 . AO 3 .' P3 Bivoltine Seed Centre-cum- ■“ •>» Grain age 11-^75 18^95 1.95 1 .95 . 62 »5G 6 . P2 Bivoltine Multiplic ntion Centre -* - 12.30 15.68 1 ?• Construction of quajrters to - - •- - e^d sting staff*' - 5.55 ■<9 -- 5.55 0 . Filot^cum-Service^Centre with marketing facilities 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9i00 45.00 9* Bivoltine Seed Zone 0.70 0*70 0.70 .0.70 0.70 3.50 10, Mulberry exp rn si on 1.08 1.17 1.17 V.17 ■^.17 5.76 1 1 * Adiriini stration and M onitoring 3.25 2 i02 2.02 2i82 2^82 14.53 12* D isin fe ctio n Squalid 3.06 3.28 3.Z3 3.2B 3\28 16.10 ■- • 13* C oc oon M ar k e t ' wi th re el in g f ac i- l i t i e s 3.26 3 <10 6.35 14. Model S ilk Farm. 7.77 22.59 11.13 5.23 4443 51.15 15* Demon str aticn-cum -tr ainin g 14.88 mm 14.80 Centre _ , T o ta l 66.120 91.265 66 .3T^5 58.975 ^0.025 342,70 -1 2 4 - a-EClAL CEWrriiX ASSISTMCE; Cut of the total outlry of Rs.3^2.70 Irlchs under sericulture sector a sum of Rs.ICfOO Ip.khs is expected to 'be the Spcciri Central Assistance. They yenrwise break up is as follows:- S p ecia l State C cnt ral T ota l Assi stm ce 1905^06 61 *14 5*00 66.14 1906-07 08.26 3.00 91.26 1907-00 62.31 4.00 66.31 I9O8-O9 55.97 3.00 50.97 1909-90 57.02 _ _ _ 3-.00-. - - 60.02 324.70 " 10.00 342.70 IM?arIIUTl'-NAL FINANCE; Under Sericulture an Institutional Flnaice of Rs.170.00 lakhs is expected during the Seventh Five Year Plan, ^he details arc as follows:- Rs. in lakhs 1905-06 34.00 1906-37 34.00 1907-00 34.00 1900-09 34.00 1909-90 - 34.OQ- T o ta l 170 .00 J l i E 5 U c a ' t ' i ' o ’ n . mm ^ mm mm mm T.EVEL of LITERACY; The real cause for the backwardness of the- tribals in Tamil Nadu could be traced to the lack of education among than* The literacy rate among the tribrls has been estimated as 20.459^ as against 46.7% for the general population (19Q1 Census) The tribals do not resist educa- they in tional institutions as/do/the other modem institutions*- The level of literacy among tribal females is much lower than i t is ftnon'g their male’s; The efforts'm'ade* by certain voluntary organi sations have also proved tliat given the opportunities and facilities, the tribal children will fare as equal to, md some times even better than, the children belonging to other advanced communities* RSrAglplNG FACTOi'G; The Depprtraent of Adi Dr^vidar and Tribal V/elf are is running 00 resid^ntirO. schools in the Tribal areas covered by the Sub-Plan* Besides this, the Forest Depart ment runs 15 Primary Schools and on e I^gh ^chool^^ The P anc Bay xTnion s a lso run schools* In sp ite o f these efforts, the level of literacy is rather low* The reasons for this is tlie large scale drop out from these schools* One known factor for Ihe dtJucational backwardness of the tribal is that they utilise the services of their sons and daughters to supplemeit their incomes* Sending their - 1 2 6 - children to school is considred as an economic burden on,accountof the need to provide decent dresses^ "books, clothes, slates etc» Even the supply of midday meals is not helpful to maintain^the regulaittyof attendance though it certainly is a bettqr-incentive • The percentage of_ drop out ranges froii 10-20% of the enrolment*' The Sub-Plan will lay special onphasis on factors that eJtasare better enrolmait o f chilriren fcpSQ]36als:ib3?*aproviding residaitiaL Schools, free supply of books, slates etc* Devoted and v/illing teach ers w ill be attracted by provisions of quarters special pay etc •- The aim of all these measures is to bring in as early as possible universal education nmong the tribaLs. The follov/ing table gives a picture of hamlets having primary schoolsi at different distances: OF Hi\MLEES HAVING FRIMMY SGHOCLS'AT DIFBERENT 3 l gM C B S Sub-Plan(Distiri;t) 0-1 ■ ■ 3-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20 KM T otal and : liri* • ■ Km. 'Km'ii “Kin,‘ Km^ 'Km. Km* at>ove 1 .si theri H ill s ( Dharmapuri) =12 2G 65: i . 2»PachaPPlcsi (Tiruchi) 2 14 ; 1 1 55 r» • 1. V 3#Kalraypn Hills(Scuth Arc ot) P 51 • «M 6 .Aranuthum nlaiC^al on) 5 5 rJfC olli H ills .(Salem, ). 70 0 *1 212 0 ,Y ere nud( SaL en j., 10 , 1 _ - . - 12 \ • > r * 9 fKalrayan H ill ^Salem) ’ 7 : .32 14. 70 / TotcuL^ ^J7■. :110 V ,’90.:1Q1 135E^ 31 i 13 722 f , -1 2 0 - To increase the level of literacy among the tribal 60 Residential Schools will be opened in the Seventh Plan period* The children staying and studying in these Residential S9hools v/ill be provided with free food, shelter, books, clothing etc# Each School will cost Rs.2,00,000/- which includes recurring cost towards food charges, pay of staff, co^ of books, clothing etc* and alsa non-recurring cost towards the cost of buildings, u t a i s i l s and fU m itu re etc* Tb^atdGoi^eojffo^a: stfhcols w ill be Rs*120*00 lakhs* More schools have becai opened in the I recently taken over South Arcot Kalrayan H ills and in the areas v^ere there are inadequate schooling facilities* The Prnchayat Unions are not finnnciaLly sound enough to provide good building for the schools they run# A good building with good atmosphere attracts the young children to school* Main reasons for the drop-outs could bo due to the economic burden on the poor tribal parents to provide books,. Slates, uniforms etc*- In order to rcduce their burden, now the children studying in I to III standards are given free books and slakes by the Bducational Depart-^ ments* The AdiDravidar and Tribal Welfare Departmcait also gives books and note-books to Schedule dCasta and Scheduled Tribe Children* The Childroi not covered under these two programmes w ill be covered, under Vllth Plan by this Depart*^ . ment* -1 2 9 - Year^vjrise d is trib u tio n s ara given bQloi^;- Area--wise distribution will be decided later at the time o f the coTnmcnceniGnt o f academic y e rj'. Rs* in lakhs 1905-06 • # 12.59 1906-07 • • 1C5.57 1907-00 • • 24;37 1900- 09' 30* ^ 1909-90 "36’.37 T otal 122-.07 • Cut ‘Of th‘e *totnL‘ provision* o f ‘Rs•122;07 *lakhs 'a* aim of Rs.10.00 lakhs will be special cmtral Assistance as detailed below:- Rs# in lakhs 1905-06 • * 2*00 1906-07 «• 2.00 1907-00 •« 2.00 1900^9 h t 2.00 1909-90 • • ^-2^00- Total ■io;oo' Besides the above Sub-Plan provision a sum o f ^ s »A02.92 1 f^hs has also been set apart in the Deparimental 1 Budget under Non-Plan head tow.-^rds the maintenance of the OOGo vemm ont Tribal Residential Schools already opened djriig the Sixth Plaji period* - 1 3 0 - CK/^TSl HE/J.TH M 3 NUTRITION The goal of the Health programiriGs inthe tribal areas will be to improve the ho\lth of the tribals particularly of those who are not adequately protected^ health and nutrition /v/ith a view to promoting their nutritional statuSy pro viding sanitaiy facilities and generally protexiting them from epidemic diseases md relieving them from.epidemio diseases starting with the most backward alreasJ Some of the noted and widely prevalent diseases in the tribal areas are aneamia, Jaundice, rickets, hook-warm, round »oim, fungal infection, P#E.M* sexually transmitted diseases is very high* Water born diseases are next in the order of severity. Recently, a b2i00d group analysis has beoi done in South Arcot Kalrayan H ills the Health surveys have to be conducted to.find out ./indldenco and magnitude of diseases such as leprosy etc*- in the tribal areas* Therefore several tribal villages and haml obs that lie fcir away from these centres and are not connected with ?ny type of roads# Theseare the problem areas* Though Mobile Medical Vans have been established to tackle this problcan in certain areas it is felt that mobile mddi vans will be abl e to tackle o n ly h c ^ rt of the problem*-This is so because mobil^medical vaniS cannot visit all the villages on all the days*' That meais that cases requiring daily attention and trea-basaat^! c?nnot be served effectively* This is not to say that mobile medical vans are not suitable for the tribal aroas* They are useful in thoir o-.ti v/ay for treating ccrtain ty p e s of dscases that are basically chronic or those- which can lend themselves to treatment at fixed intervals# But there are otha? diseases which require daily attention# To meet the latter t^ypes of diseases it is necessary to locate dispensaries at convenioit points* Gan cra lly , the t r ib a ls by and large^ feel shy of reporting at a hdpital whenever they fall sick. To meet this pioblean, there should be Social Workers who could go to their homes and fetch them# The ' strategy will iherefoix)’ be a combination of Public Health Centres and M edical Vans*' Cases of materdiity deserve a i^ecial mention here*' me to inaccessibility of certain areas like Kalrayan Hills, it is found extremely diffi-cult to present to take cases o f emergency to any Health Centres* Sometimes, i t eveisn takes a day or 'fcwo to take a patient to the nearest ^ Maternity Goitre# This is really pitiable# Though there is no resistance as such to allopathic medicines from the tribals and they are also conversant with them* The feasibility of setting up of indigoneous medical cnntres are also under examination for herbal medicines-# Since the tribal areas are sponsorly populntedf it is proposed to open mo xe MCH Cenbres* In some Public Health Centres also there will be specialiscvd wings attached, to treat widely prevalent rliseases like S#T#D.' ^ 1 3 2 - Modi cn.1 personnel gencrrilly hesitate to work in tribal areas* Thorv:;fore, incentives like compensatory allowpjices and free residential quarters are allotted to attract medical personnel♦ Incentives would be in the fom of decent living accommodation, transport, spatial pay etc.- S chool Health Progrnmme i s given sp e cia l atten tion There is no need for a separate hierarchy for this. The Medical personnel posted to these areas will bo sui-tnbly involved in the total health programne of the / community including that of childk'en*' All herlth prograjnmes contanplated for the tribal . areas w ill also incluvde integrated Child C rre programme.’ This will be an umbrella of health programmes including nutrition feeding for children rxid expectant and nursing iftoth mothers as also im nunisation to c h il .i?en and mothers#'. The ejsisting n u tritio n and health programme w ill be sought to be integrated in such a way that ultim nfcely a well- kit package of services is made available to the target group. Suitable ad;^ptations w ill be made to the existing progrcmraes to suit the tribal areas • As diseases of malnutrition w ill tell adversely upon the development of human resources special attention w ill b^ paid to nutrition programme. Particularly special efforts w ill be taken to ranov e the nutritional diseases among xsk children such as Kwashiorkor and marasm’s *• To this end the n u tr itio n programme v i z . the P ro-School programme w il l be disigned. Imirunisation programme w ill also be given p riori ty • -133^ The prcgrriinnies thorns elv es w ill bo so dovised that their benefits sccrue first to tie more advnnced sic lily regions. The loRistios of delivery of tie benefits w i l l ,'130 su lta b iy worked, out. HE/aaH ^iRECTal'OF MEDIC iU, ® V IC E S /iN3 F/JViiLY PROC5liiM*IE_FOR 1905-90 . jjia ii • MiM l_ii^ I *■« . 11 OPENING~ OF ' .^SPEN ‘STJlIg! As the size of the tribal areas are small it has been decided to open Primary Health Centres and ■ Sub^diaiV Health C'eritres as ^ ‘ggeStfed by the Union Plmning Commission. It is proposed to oonstiuct ten Six bedded ward in the/Government- dispensaries of Top Sengattupatti (Triohy District) Karumathurai (Salem District) Kalrryon Hills (South Aroot) PachamaLai ( Salon) S it t er i H ill s ( Dha rm ap u ri) Pu darn adu, J awa dhi H il Is also (North Arcot) • It has/been proposed to provide Ambulance vans to the 6 Governmoit dispensaries. Construction of six bedded maternity ward with operation theatre and post-mortum shed in 3 Government dispensaries at Sitberi Hills, Pachnnalai Hills and Kolli H ills. Apart from this, improvement of water supply fn cilities to the dispensaries w ill aJ.so be made during the Seventh Five Year Plan x^eriod. For mrking th e ab-ve f a c i l i t i e s a p ro v isio n o f Rs.l43*^G lakhs has been set apart in -ttie Seventh F^voa Year Plan. For the maintkinnce of the eristiig six dispensajiies and Ambulance pre^sions of Ks.83.44 laWis has also been provided in the Seventh Five Year Plan. Totally a provision of Rs,2271.12 lakhs has been made in the Seventh Five Year Plan under Director of Medicnl Services md Fnpily Welfare. The existing Mobile medical unit will loo con'tinued du rin g th e Sev ent|a:i FIan p cri od « Prirn fry Hc<^th Ccantre at N^mmiyrjnpattu( Jawadhi ^ i l l s ) Kj-Talca^t ^alrayaji jj:i-l.Ts. o f South Arcot r;i s~br :bt; "■ {^Dir^tor £^J^|;^cnry^Health Cet^tre)^ It is prcjposcd to opai two primary health centre one at Mammiyanpattu o f Jawadhi H ills and another at Kilakadu Village of Kalrayan ^iU s of South Arcot District#- Provision of Rs*71*00 Irkhs has been male ciaring the Seventh Plan'period*’ The details of outlay are as follows:- 19Q5-86 Rs* 35*94' • 1966-87 Rs* 35.94 R s. 71*G8 » ^ T -ni l inn Maternity an.l Child-Welfare Cmtre:^ Director o f Public Health and Pretgentive Medicines: In inaccGssibl e tribal areas the lack of nedfcal I'i . ■ 1 . facilities is so keenly felt in the field of maternity * are left without my proper medical care for want of such faciliti^ . In*certain cases it takes even a day ;or two to roach the nearest maternity Centre. • Therefore 45 sub-cenlres will be opened during 1985-90. The details are as follows:- Child Welfare Goitres. Some times some serious cases of -mateinity; -1 3 5 - No *of Rccurring Non- T otra ------c c n t r e s - - -recu rrin g S/iLEH: Kolli Hills 9 9.00 1.35 10.35 Yercaud H ills 0 8.00 1.20 9.20 Kalrayan Hills 6 6.00 0.90 6.9 0 Ar m u thum al ai 3 3.00 0.45 3 •‘*3 Pachamalai 3 3.00 0.45 3.45 NORTH ARGOT: J av/adhi H ills 2 2.00 ' 0.30’ ' ■2-. 30' SOJTH i'^CCT: Kalrayan H ills tl a»oo Cf,lO Sitteri ^ills 4 4.00 0.60 4.60 TR3CHY: P achamalai 0 8.00 1.20 9.20 45 - ^ 45.00 - - 6.75- - - - 51.75 - - For the maintenancei of the existing sub- ccn tres a provision of Rs «33«50 1 rkhs has b cen made during the Seventh Plp.n period* r^TRlTlON m p SOCI/iL WELFiiRS PRB SCHOOLS; As a Welfare measure to rural working \\omen and to inciiHicate good habits from young ago, pro-schbol for children between the age group2^5 years are opened Another objective of the progranme is to improve the nutrition status of the- childron and mothers# To improve the nutrition status of the young children, th a y -will be givoi their nutrition supplement*' Eaoh school willbe provided with edicational and play equipments# As far as possible, /wherever tribal residential schools are functioning, these pre--schools will be opened with the complex o f the residential schools, so that they w ill serve as prc—primary-cum-primary school* The question o f tra in in g and appointdaag the wives of the tribal residential school teachers if they are unemployed, as Balasevikas \^11 be ccnsidred and implemaited wherever feasible#’ = 1 7 /- 1905^ 1986-07 1907-00 1900-09 1909-90 TotpJ. i ) D irectora te o f Med^-cal S crv ioos & Fnmilv Welfare ...... 1 # Ma3-ntenance o f 14 d isp en saries 2^ Mobile medical unit and 4 vms 11.04 17.00 17.00 17.00 20.60 0 3 .44 2 * C onstruction o f 10 bedded v/ard in the six Governrnait dis'pcnsaries 27.00 34.10 10.00 10.50 10.10 92.50 3 # P rovi si on o f ambulanc e van to jsix Gcvemm cnt tili ^ensaries 2.54 3.60 4.00 4.76 4.76 20.46 4* Construction of six bedded maternity ward in 3 Govornnent dispensaries 3.63 4.00 5.06 7.41 ■ “9.0 2 30.72 ' - 45-.01 - “ 59.50 30 •66 ® . 6 7 ‘ ■ 44.20 -227.12 ■ ii) Directorate of Public Health and Prev^ti've Mecil^dine - 5. Maintenance of SubteCentre 6.7 0 6.7 0 6i70 6.70 6.70 33.50 6. Opening of 45 sub-ccntres: Recurring 2.00 4.00 0.00 16.00 15 *00 45 .00 N on -r e-c ur rin g ~ ‘ 1.51 i.4 g 1 ^ 5 1.25 1.25 6 .7 5 ' 10.21 12.19 15.95 23.95 22 .m 0 5 .2 5 ' iii'iDirecto mte of Prinary Health C e n tre : New Scheme Primaxy Health Cenbre Recurring -12.50 -12.50 -25<.00- N on -r ecu rring 23i44 23.44 46.00 _35_.94 3 5 .9 ^ 7 1 .00 N u trition Erector ate o f Social Welfare '3 3 .0 0 21.00, 2i ;o o ■ 21.00 19*00 115 .00“ ■ -1 3 3 - :TvINKING WiTER. In nil the ^ribal Sub-Plan areas drinking water facilities are not adequate# The type of existing water aapply arrangemcaits now available in the differoit Sub-Plnn area are furnished below:- - SI. Name o f H ill Open Open Bo^e Piped Unpro No* well well' well water tec ted ‘ ryid with supply sources Total bore H*P. like well — . streams' Jawadhu h i l l 140 25 0 2 93 260 2 * Blagiri 9 - . ■- 3 i 13 3* S ith e ri 53 1? 1 4 22 99 4, Vathalraalai 9 - -- - 9 3 • Arunoothuraalai 10 , 1 1 1 1 22 6 . Kolli Hill 01 - 99 ’ - 115 255 7 . Yercaud 57 - 9 5 6 VV 0» Pachamalai 56 20 1 10 5 100 9 • Kalrayan - - -116 -26 20 5 - 91 266 T ot\ l 539 99 107 30 - - 334 -1109 Source: MASTER FLm . Prepared by: Tnmilnadu Water'Supply and DrMnago Bonrd, Madras-5* These water sources, are contamin?ted» Protected drinking water is not available to the tribal s. The p ro v isio n o f >drinking v/ater in the t r ib a l area i s there fore accor-led top priority as the traditional sources of drinking water in tribal areas are usually the breeding -139- grounds for disease causing gcmms. The Adi Dravidrr pnd Tribal Welfare Depc?r-tjnent is implemaiting a programme fo r providin g drinking water ffsiilities in and outside tribal Sub-Plan areas* In habitations v/hore no water supply system is ava ila ble and the peop]5e depend upon the tr a d itio n a l sources, like stream, pools etc*, proposals have now been mooted based on the population available in the particular habitation to provide open or bore well depending upon the nature of the soil and availability o f ground water or a combined v/ater supply scheme I with overhead tanks, pom'r pump ctc., in plaaes v;here the electricity can be easily obtained* In providing sources as bore wellsithe situation prevailing in the area about the approach road has also been taken into con ^ deration • V/herever the approach road is ny ail able and the mrchinery can be transported to those habitations, bore wells have been proposed. In some of the habita- tions wli'ero bore v/ells cannot be provi dOvd but the water level is very low and the people are facing difficulty in drawing water from ihe well, it is proposed to hrve hand pump fixed ijdi the well with all precautionary measures by^TturoV.id^ng sanitary ar ran gran ts, to safe^Jiard the source against possible pollution*- FCR UNIT R;J?ES AXPTED; The unit rates adopted ,for the schemes proposed under the Master Plan are mainly based upon the schedule - 1 4 0 - of rates pcrtni-ning to the district concemei. xlnyhow special con ^deration has been given taking into the difficult ascessibility and the lo cation of the various h abi tations like approach ro pd, foot path, etc., and based on the expcjcdiyia®^gained for the past 5 years in executing the schemes in tribnl areas, the unit rates have been adopted# Rates for improvanents are proposed according to the existing conc^-tions of the sources. The rates as adopted for various vrorks are furnished boLow:- Borewell with hand pump - Rs.30j000 Borewell v/ith power pump Rs.75,000 to 1,00,000 Open w ell Rs.60,000 to 90,000 Imx^ro vcm a its - Rs. 1,000 to 15,000 Programme fo r the Seventh Plan: During the Seventh Flan pe r io d 466 t r ib a l h a b ita tion s w ill be provided with protected water supply and the outlay required will be Rs.150/- lakhs. The details cif the outlay is iUmidied belou- D istrict No. o f Outlay required h a b ita tl zns dUjiing 19^5-90 (Rs. in lakhs) 1« Tiruchirapalli 14 5 .00 2* Dharmnpuri 14.94 3* South /jTcot 9 4.50 4. North Arcot 177 50.66 5 » Salon 223- ■'66'.90 150.00 PART - I I I SPECIAL PROGRAJ’MES. I I -I 4 l« CHiJ^TEPw xIX . PRIMITIVE GROUPS. The Govominaat of India in the Ministry of Home Affairs have so far identified the follow.ing five tribes as Primitive Tribes in Tamil Na±i i% ) Kotas; (2) Paniyans (3) Todas (4) Kurumbas ajid (5) Malayalis* In South Arcot Kalrayan Hills, Apart from this, the follovdng tribes have been identified as Primitive Tribes by the Government of Tamil Nadu and the Approval of the Govcrnm^t of India on th is i s awa^-ted; The a d d itio n ? ! p a r ticu la r s c a lle d for by the Government of India are being gather eel *’ 1# Sholagas 2 • Kadars 3* Kattunaiyakans 4 . UraLies 5 • ^lulars 6« Palliyans 7 . Palleyan 0 • Palliyars(Palino ar s) 9* Mud^gan(^'hduvan) 10 • Muthuvan 11. Kanikar?Jis (Kanis) md 12» J^fCLasars# The prooect Reports submitted earlier to Govemmait of India are now under revision asper the Gov rnment of India instructions and additional particulars called for* Under jthe Primitive Tribes programe the mainstress is on development -1 4 2 - of the tribcil in:Uvi luals housch.olds* Therefore the achenc are family-.oriaited. Special strees is 1 rid on the problems o f health arrl e iu ca tio n . The main tfrimst o f to direction w ill beto-wprds fUll employmcnt/these tribes* The appreach to project preparation is fpniily orioited nnd group oriented* The cenirpl problem for each graap will be identified and the programmes woven around to tackle that Cental problons* in^ In deteimin/ m their primitiveness one of the following three yard sticks or more than one of them have been applied They are: (l) Pre-Atricul tiral level of technology: (ii) Fre- literacy levoL; (iii) Precarious ecological balmce* Project Reports on the development of these tribais have been prepared and they are now under r e v is io n , based on the additional particulajrs called for by the Governnent of In c^-a. ruring 1924-05 certain schemes like the supply of buffolloes, milch animfis, construction of houses were sanctioned for the development of primitive tribes in the N iigiris District anl the Scheme are being implemoited by the Coll octor of N ilgiris ancIDamil Naciu Adi l^ravidar Hou sing DeV el opm oat C o rp o rati on • During the Seventh Plan period (1935-90) a tentative provision of Ils«15 lakhs has been made* Additional fUnds will be applied for based on the specific schemes, re ceived from the Collectors and Heads of Departments later* -1 4 3 - r.iSPERSSD GRCUPS The Tribal Sub-PInn -covers only tribals who live in the nine I,T,D.Ps* in five .-^.i strict s# These Integrated Tribal DevelopmGnt Project oreas have been identified a fte r adopting the M odified Area ^development Approach. The pr o fir amme s un rfer ’ the d e'V elopme nt o f . P.rimi tiy e .T r ib c ov er about 45,000 tribals in six di^ricts* The tribals not covered cither by the Sub-Plan or by ihe ^^.rinitive Tribes programme and who are highly dispersed are classified as Dispersed Groups* They are about 1.27 lakh*: in number and they alive widely scattered throughout tte State# The dispersed tribals arc generally extremdLy poor, illiterate and unskilled. Family based economic progrjmmes aiming at increasing the'" income of these , families will h^p these tribrls to develop# The family based programmes w ill be supported by e-lucation programmes and health progra mmes. Besides saitally agricultural progrrmmes v/ill also be taken up in respect of small holders# Though Eiispersed Groups are to be f-ound in practically all the districts, a f4irly la.rge size of them in typical conditions of dispersed is to be, found in Chengalpattu .IjXi^t^d.ct. Most of these tribals are irula-rs# Then i s , number/about 27^000 as per 1971 census and v/ill be more now# ✓ The following table shows the location of the areas of inhabitation of the rliqporsed tribf^s: Nnne o f the No .of rispersal of Tribal Loca- District Dispersed tion at Tribal Habitatos* Tribal s ' ‘ "l^ ■ " " ■ ' ' 2 . ' ...... 3 . ----- 1. Salcjn 27,405 Faithur ^ills, Palamalai, Jomboo- thumalai, Jnrugumalai, Dod^alai and other places except Suh-Plan areas. 2. North I^ c o t 32,021 Throughout the District except Sub-Plan areas 3 . Dharmapuri 16,617 Botumugulalam h i l l s areas and other places except Sub^Plaji areas 4. South iVrcot - Occurnnce reported in Gingce Taluk figures not avDiablo 5* Tir lie hi rap alii 7,905 Throughout the district except Sub-Plan areas and Lalgudi, Mnna- parai and Kulathur Taluks 6. MaAirai 2,606 Throughout the district except Low Palani H ills, Kodaikanals, Sirumala^. and Vedasundur and I'^elur Taluks* 7«. Rarnnnathapuram 951 Thrcughout iiie d is t r i c t except Shenbagathope did Tirupathur, Mnnamarlurni, Dc-vakottai, Ilaypnkudi Mu:!ukulathur, Thiruchuly and Aruppukottai Taluks 8* Coimbatore 1,226 Throighout the District 9« Kanyakumari 206 Thrcughout the d is t r i c t except Pechipaxa.i, Pathukani and Kayalkarai 10. The Nilgiris 7,511 Throughout the district 11 • Tinanelveli 1,204 Throughout the district except Papanasm Ux)per Dam and Shenkotta^ Tiruchcndur and Vilathikuiam Taluk 12* C hen gjil pattu 27,109 T hr ou ghout the dis trie t 13* Thanjavur 922 Throughout the district except Mannargudi and Peravurani taluks 14* Pudukottai 102 Thrcu^^out the district 15• Madras 9 25 In selcct places in the city of . ______M adr as ■ Total 1,26,667 The following type of programmes arc proposed for impel onentatian for the devclo]pmait of dispers<^d tri'b^s>' 1, Orgmisation o f Trade Co-operatives^ 2* Crganisatioh o f She©p/mi-lcj3. riolflmls basreezling, socle-tiBS 3* Or]feanisation o f village Industrii^ 4 « ColljecticsEk o f Forest Produce 5 * Assignemoit of cultivable land# 6* Assignment; of house sites ond provision of houi^ing faciU L ties 7 • Op ening of Pre-Schopl s 0 • .Opening.of Government Tr^c^ f^esidaitJ.aL Schools 9# Drinking V/ater facilities 10* Fo rrri ati -cai ^ o if lin k r^ads; m d --’i-i ^ cai faciliti Qs^m' IXiring year one ciovernment Tribal Residential School has been opened at Kodungfdyur of ChennalDattu Di sbrict. I>irinp the Seven Plan period an alloc ation of R s. 0 ,50. 1 aW is _i s made • T h i s o u n t A^ill b^e spent by f;ormulatiig frmily oric^ for tne 'u'pixfi:'of dispersed Groups consultation vAtn the C oll II'^LEI'4ENIATI0N.. CH.U^TSR XXl ■ AXH^ISrRi\TlCN i\I-Q PERSC-NNEL PC^CY A. STRUCTURE: The administrative strucdcure for the implementatiDn o f ihe T rib n l Sub-P^an in Tamil Nadu i s b a s ic a lly the genernl aclrainistrativo $tructure that exists already^ consisting of the varieds departnoats of Governmait at the State, District and field levels* ^he Tm il NacU Tribal Development Authority y;ith the Chief Minister as Chairman, is a policy framing and guiding authority with a review fanction as wellt At the district level, the V y ristrict Collectors are the Project authorities. At the Integrated Tribal Pevclopmdit Project lev^ , the concerned Slock Jevelopm ait Offi cers o;* !5ivisi:^nal D istrict Development Cffi-cers or the Personal Assistant to the Collectors are ■ ■ ■ \ . the Project Co-ordin abrs* F6r South Arcot K^rayans, there is a Special Officer With’hoad-quarters at Vellimalai ' ’ ■ inside the Integrated Tribal ^ev lk,opm ^ t Project arsa* The Departm^sntal O ffice rs are In-charge o f the actual implemcntatioi| of the sc^hem^s at the field lev^ * Since the sanction under Tribal' Sub-Plan are de.1:ited to the Afferent functional major heads^ this arrangemait \^/orks well^ Un:ler the Tribal DeveLopmeit Authority, there are Sub-Committeas fun ctionirag in each district under the . \ Chairmanship of the concerned district Collectors# At the State ^evel, however, the Commissioner and Secretary s. to Government, Social We\Xfhre li’epartniait, is \n overall > ■ -1 4 7 - charge of issue- of sancti:;ns. The Commissioner end Secretary to Go vernmait^ Social Welfare 'department is assisted by -the Director of Adi Dravidar and Tribal Welfare in formulation of plans, as also in assessing the impact of implementation. The ^'fficer on Special Duty and aipp-orting staff in the .li rcctor of Adi lvras;idar and Tribal Welfare office also assist the Project Authorities in the preprration of plans, project reports and incharge of preparation of Sub-Plan and other documents at the Sta.ts.-4evel,, b esi.des. taking, ap .special st^diea to. undcop-. stand specific problems; of tribal devdopmoit* The line of ccmmnnd is perfectly alright* The Block Develop ment Ofi^cer) who are at the field level iire directly under the control of the Collectors* Therefore the control and Supervison of the work by the Project -^Authorities (Collectors) is no problan. The blocks that are covered by the Integrated T rib ?l I^ev eLopm (nt P rooect preas ?xe not unv/i^^el^t existing size is easily manageable* There is a separate ageancy for the implemditati-on o f the In tegrated Rural ^development P r o je c t (IRIP) • However, there is better coordination Ijetween the B,d .O, and Integrated Rural development Project implementing agcncy. The Extension Cfflcers in the blocks are fUlly utilised to eiacate the people and also to implanent the programmes o f Integrated T r ib a l r.evaLorjment P r o je c t besides the departmental staff. -.148- The Tanfl-lnadi T rib a l DcvdLopmcnt /u jth o iity i s p o lic y frnming 'body and also review ing body. There i s an advisory body called T.T.A*C, which consist of tribal representatives* This council serves as a forum for expressing the views of the Shhe^lulCvd Tribes representation Tl, jjELBGi\TlCN CF PL VEIS; As has been srdd earlier, the Tribal Development Authority is an advisory and gliding body# The actual sanctions are isaied by Governncnt# The sanctions gene rally are based on the broad guidelines given by the Authority. This Authority is headed by the Honble Chief M inister* At the District Level, the departmental officers implement the prograranesundcr the overall supervision of the District Collectors and under the tc-chnical supervision of the concerned Heads o f Departnents* Thou]^ no fin a n c ia l powers^ as such havs been delegated to the Project Authorities^ enough flexibility is introcUced in plnn impl an oitatlon by according expeditious Gov ernnait concurrence to reasonable diversions within the m^gor heads*' Innovative techniques in implanaitation are encouraged where decisions could be taken at the District Collector's level or at the o f Departments lev^ . Diversions pre male accor ling to the requiremoits of the locality by the Project /iUthorities (Collectors) and ^eads of Departmoits and rnti£i n, PERSCI-INEL PCLICY: It has been rccognisGd thp.t though the administrative machinery w ill hold the key for success in the new endeavour the real key for success w ill howsver remain with the personnel who will man it* It has hlso been reco^ised that the administrative structure should be so evolved as to enpble it to facd the challenges and acquire the dynajnism which w ill lead to innovations and setting the pace Ibr socio-economic change in the tribal areas* The n ew dev'el'opm ’(n't ‘ e f fb ' w ill ’ hW e to c on6 eh iirdte 'on Settin g’ * right the d?m so^ciety# The need for selecting si±itable personnel for impelementing the tribal dev dLopm ent ^rogrammes has also been iUlly recognised* Persons with the necessnry ap4tltade and interest in the work are generally preferred for such work. There is also another mgle to this problem*'That is, if the personnoL are to'be happy working in the tribal f arcas, then it boiones Necessary to give them seme incaitives as also provide certain basic amenities because of the -s': ^ ■ . ; . ' . general hardships involved in working in tribal art^as* To alleviate the difficulties in vjorking in the tribal areas, su ffic ient fUn ds hav e been p rovi ded to c reate, b asio infrastructure like medical facilities, roads, schooling etc* To provide monetary incentives, the Seventh finance Commission has approved the rates of Special Cosipensatory Allowance payable to the transferable Goverrment Servajits working in the Tribal Sub-Plan areas* Besides, there ai:*e -1 5 0 - already some incGntives like Hill allownnce, winter g llo a n e e , warn clo th in g advances, etc* to the Government servants working in these areas. Housing still remains a major problan in tribal areas• The programme of providing quarters to the servants working in the tribal areas is already under implementation in Tamil Nadu# This has further been activised by the av;ard of the Seventh Finaic e Commission% The Seventh Finance Commission has approved an outlay gf Rs»72«00 lakhs for c onstruction o f 200 houses each house costing Rs*25f000/« Oujkpast ■f ' experience is that it is difficult to construct houses within Rs.25,000/- in hilly areas* Because, the construction m a teria ls h 'V c to be transported by head load, cnistruction skilled workers have to be taken from plaibs* Because of these factors, there is need for a SQ% increase over the c o s t o f con stru ction in p la in s* The Seventh Finance Commissica has insisted that the State Government should also invest not less thnn the aiiDunt invested vAth the rjjtoial increment o f 6 ^ The State Government's investment cou ld be alsodl'fio J^ll the gap between the estimated cost and the Seventh Finance Commission award# The recommendation o f the Mahcs\far Frasad Group regarding the provision of leave travel concessions, more casmal leave V . \ . to coer the joum^^ in hilly proas, childrens education allowance are under c on si der p,tion of this Government. The \ cti on o f ' tr ib al i s all an d th at al so v ery sc at t er ed. -1 5 1 - Therofore there appears to be no need for an unii^ersal programmG of training* However oiientation trainings are conducted for the staff working in the trilDal areas# Govornmmt h^ve also beoi addressed that the Orientation Course should be con lu cted for the field level officials working in Integrated Tribal DevGloprnoit Project areas for a.minimum o f 20 days and ordcife of the Govemmoit are awaited* eighth finance CCMiyilSSl.N; Eighth Finance Commission have also been seib up for the period fron 1904-05 to 1900-09 and this will also take care for grmting special compensatory allowances to the transferable Government Servants working in Tribal areas and also programmed to construct quarters to the Govermcnt Servants working in tribal areas* -1 5 2 - CH/JTER PLANNING m P EV/vLUATlC:: rSSSARCH. The conccpt nnrl strategy of the TribaL Sub-Plm has now w ell s e ttle d and i s in fU ll swing. The motlxtd of Planning, evaluation and research have to be redefined now in the context of this new approach to the problem of tribal dcvcLopment* In project formulation, the specific problem of each tribal axea is identified, as the socio economic topography of the aresi is articulated, past experience is reviewed and a pragmatic strategy of develop ment is presented in keeping with the resource constraints* There are quite a few aspects which need further attention « during im plancntation o f the prograraneS# There are also important areas of Planning at the project level whore traditional institutions have a major role to play inclUvding the field of special reform, building upth(^ strength of the comraunity etc* Ctho? areas where the local institutions will be usecgul are in the field of alucation and in the impl onentation o f fee:!ing programmes* Community/Citizens Education ^^rogramme and awareness to and acceptance of dev e l or mentcO. e f f o r t s . n, FOR PLMNIHG GRASS PvOOT LEVEL; The Planning exercise at tiie prjj cct level, at the district level md at the state levdL has to be done wi-th m eticulous car^ and a la rg e mass o f data from develop^ m GTt and regu lato ry depa^rtmonts as a lso from other sourc e s have to be collocsted, shifted, oolla^d' ftid presented in -153- a form that will bring Into focus all the a’-ovc; points* The Rcserrch Coll in tho r'i rcctor of Adi -"^ravidar and Tribal Welfare Cffice/in-charge of preparation o f the Plans. At the Stake level, it is in direct charge of preparing the Sub-Flan md allied exercises. At the l.T.D.P* level nnd at the district level risO|i the Cell assists the c on ceme d authori ti es in th e p rep aration o f their exerc ie ses. The Cell also undertakes specdra studies to find out the indidence nnd extent of specific problems in tribal areas for use in plan formulation, decision maKing etc* iiesides the above, Government hnv e also sanctioned certain special siiiudles and surveys to private research orgpjiis^tions on specific problems, relating to tribal areas* All these materials are in the plaming and decision making process* The Dench mark Survey entrusted to the S t a t is t ic s Departnefet has sins e been completed by that Departmoit. The results of this Survey has been used fcr the planning and also in preparation of Sub-Plan and Integrated Tribal Developmoit Project reports* b , K onitorin/? ajid E valuation; M onitoring and Evaluation o f the Schemes implemented under the Tribal Sub-Plan are essential for a systematic feed b ^xk and timely assessement o f the progress with particfulr^r reference to realisation of objectives* As far as monitoring works is coicemed, the Project Authorities hnv^ 1^01 sending information to the State level -1 5 4 - where it is con soli drted for review by the Cornmissioner an ■'I Secretc'^.ry» T his i s found t o "be rath or v/eak and hence it is proposed to adopt the various recommendations of the ait of the Working Group on Monitoring and Evaluation of Tribpl Development and rJevelopmcnt of Backward Classes constituted by the Government of India for the monitoring and evaluation o f the Sul>-Plan programmes* T ablos T,D*1 T#D.I1# TD.III, aad TDSCD.II prescribed by iiie working Group fo r the State Government togeth er inform ation have been communic atedto the concerned Sta.te O fficer who aj?e incharge of tribal development and the data has how started flowing in* Government ha;e issued orders recently str^g- thening the Research Cell by sanctioning additional staXf for taking over responsibilities connected with the moni toring and the staff sanctioned will be utilised for thix RegardingREvaluation, there is aiready an Evaluation Unit un-ler the Control of the Fin me e r'cpartment which i» undertaking evaluation o f the schemes implemented, that are referred to it by Governmoit. According to the decisions taken tit the Tribal ^^esearch Institute meeting hold at 'Dellil, ~errorte..arc being taken to evaluate ' Integrated Tribal development Project Kolli H ills and L/iMP Co-opera.tive Scciety at Jawadhi H ills by this Directanto Government have also been addressed to sanction necessary staff to take up the above evaluation studies and order^ of the G3vcrnment are awaited# -1 5 5 - Under the TribriL Sub-Plr.n, severnl field level offic^ars arc wcrkin^^ in the Tribal areas. They are dra-wn from different departments* It was therefore decided to e^jpose them to id ea s on and approach to tim bal developiiaaii so that they could better apprecirte the logic behind the approach nnd the objectives behind the schemes* Accordingly nn Orientation Courses for fid.d > levci officers working in the tribal areas of the State was concUcted in the month of October 1977* It is pro posed^ to revive, the Qourse by. extending, the pe-riod of • • training for 20 days* The proposal is under ihe consi- deflpsrtion of the Goverment* The courses w ill be organised by the Research C ell m d Tribv^l Research Centre, Ootacamund* The recommendations of the Group n Administrative /arrange ments and Personnel Policy in Tribal JSreas (under the Chairmanship of Thiru Maheswar Frasad) on universal training programme intensive orientation in training select^ personnel etc* w ill be borne in mind in tM;3*comming ye^rs* The following are some of the sa^ent facts and figures relating to the activities of the Research Cell* - Tribal population in Tamil Nadu being small, only a Tribal Research Cell was set up in the year 197^ instead of a full fledged tribal Research lnk:itute* -during 1903 tribal Research Centre, Ootacamund a wing of Tamil Nadu University, Thnnj ryur has been organised and it is functioning for taking up research studies on tribals* The following studies have beeiTxmdert'aken by the Expert CellAvesearch Cell; Sontls^t end steps will be taken to have mere training pro- grrmmes f o r personnel working in t r ib a l areas in the -1 5 6 - ExQQrt C o ll i . Dra£t Sub-Plnn c f K air ay rn rlills ii • Draft Sub-Plan for tho Integrated Area Development of Tribal /iroas in Tandl Naciu; nnd iii. Monogrnphs on Primitive Tribes* Research Cell iv. Final Sub-Flan for Tribal r-cveLopmcnt in Tamilnacii V • Quick Study on Indebtedness ainong tribals vi • Report on the problems of Land Alienation in Tribal Areas* vi4* Review of schemes under Tribal Sul>-Plan v iii. Quick study in the natire of 1 jnd alienation in Tribal areas ix. Prepaxatlon of Annual Plans; x« Preparation of Working Gr :up Reports for the State Planning Commission, relating to tribal deveLopmait as part of larger Adi Dravidar Welfare Programmes and xi« Study on Education of Tribal Children in Tnmil Na.iu (in progress) Besides the above, the Research Cell assisted the preparation of the Integrated Tribal Development Programme Reports of Yercaud, Kolli }Iills, Pachamalai (Salem) Pachnmalai (TiruchirapaJLli) Kalrayan H ills( Salem) Kalrayan H ills( South A r co t), AranuthumaJ.ai, Javadhi K ills and S it t e r i H i l l s f It also assi sted in the preparation of the Proj ect Reports on Tribes relating to seventeen Tribal communities identified so far* The preparation of Project Report on Dispersed Groups is also effectively supported by the Cell* The Governnent have rfecently issued orders sanctioning additional stajff to strengthen the Research Cell of this Directorats. The staff will be utilised fully and monitoring and evaluation of Tribal Sub-Plan will be taken up .. Si^lvmMl-u k’Lm . iqG5-Qn SECTCRWISB CUTLAYS ^ • (R s*-in lakhs) State Pi^ "Outlay ‘ " ' Speci aL "Central Assistance 13G5-C6 06-a? 07-08 CO-O9 09-90 Totpl 1905-06 G6-O7 87-CO GO-.O9 {39-90 T ota l " ■ 1. 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 0 . . 9* 10 11. 12. 1 3 .‘ A*Tribal Sub-Plan 1. Horticulture 36.26 35.52 35.55 35.52 35.52 170.37 35.06 27.00 29.00 27.00 27.00 146.00 * 2 . Animal ■ . . • Ha sbandiy 20.75 16.06 16.04 16.04 16.04 04.93 24.00 26 ,00 20.00 26 ,00 26.00 130.00 3* F orestry 39.40 45.05 40.40 51.45 52.90 230 .00 10.00 6.0 0 6.00 6.00 7.00 35.00 4* Co-operation 75.06 6 0 .44 40.59 42.24 310.97 20.00 15 .t)0 15.00 15.00 15 .00 00.00 5» Minor Irrigation 10.00 10.00 16.00 14.00 16 .00 66 .00 10.06 11*00 5.00 7^00 ,5^00 30,00 I 6 . Comtnuni cation 100 .56 43.06 43.06 43.06 43.06 204.00 - • - - - - ?• V illa g e I n iu s t r i es 25.13 31.01 30.29 31.73 36.41 155^37 2i00 2.50 2.50 2.50 p.50 13.00 Oi Seri cu ltu re 6 1 .14 00.26 62.31 55.97 57.02 324.70 5.00 3^00 4^00 3^00 3.00 10.00 1 9« Nutrition 33.00 20.00 22.00 20.00 20.00 115.00 - - . - \ mm “io .Community ■ \ - r^evelopmcit 4.55 5.06 5.07 5.06 5 .06 24.00 - • — — — X — 1,1* E:]uca.ti on 12.59 10.37 24.37 30.37 35.37 122 i07 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2^00 10.00 1^. D.M.S. & F.¥. 25.01 44.50 23.66 24.67 29.20 147.12 20.00 15.00 15.00 15*00 15 loo 00.00 13V D.F.H. & P.M. 5.21 9.19 11.95 21.95 20.95 69.25 5.00 3.00 4.00 2.00 ' 2.00 16.00 ' - - - i.r — • 2.- - -3-,.- - 4.- - 5.- - 6.- -7; -8.' - g.' - 10. ■ ‘ll.' 12.■ - 13. - 14.Director of Primary Health ’ “ '■ ' ‘ Centre.’ 25,94 31»94 — — ~ 57*88 10.00 4.00 — — — aA_.00 15 .Electrification 25,00 30.00 35.00 30.00 26.00 146.00 — — — — — ~ 16 .Housing 0.52 0.02 0,03 O.O3 O.O3 0,63 — 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.00 17.Drinking Water 75.00 50.00 , 25.00 . -- — 150.00 — — — — 18 allpower and Shployment. 3*35 3.35 3.35 3*35 3*35 16,75 — 19 *Tribal Research . and Development. 5.20 6^55 7*40 7.75 7*60 3^.50 2.00 1*00 0.50 0.50 1.00 5.00 20.Soil conserva tio n . 20.00 25 *00 25.00' 25 .00 26 .82 121.82 31 •Primitive Tribes — ^ — 3.00 3.00 3*00 3.00 3.00 15*00 C. Disporsed Tribes 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0*50 _ —- TOO?AL 612.57 607,28 495.02 475.55 119.00 109.50 110 .Do 602.00 - 457.44 - 2648.66 149.00 - 114.50 - ■______-.--J ------1 5 9 ^ (R s .*in*Lakhs) ‘ Institutional finance Expected outlay from the Central Sector C ^ tra lly Sponsored/Caitral. Ministries ------Programme* “ - ■ - - - 1985-06 ■“06-87 '07-00 00-89 09-90 TOTAL 1905^ 06-:^7 "07-00' O8-O9* ‘09-90~TOTa£------^^2------3 ------4 - - -5 ------6------7------0 - r - - 9 - - - 10------11------12-. - 13------.TRIBAL sap PLAN - - . 1 .Horticulture 9.00 13*20 13*20 13*20 13.20 62*20 1 3.00 13.00 13*00 13.00 13*00 65.00 2 .Animal Husbandry. 17.01 22.49 22.52 22.49 22.49 107.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 100.00 3.Forestry. - - . - 4 .Co-operation 05 .00 66 .00 66 .00 66 .00 67.00 350.00 10 .OD 10.00 10 .00 10.00 10.00 50.00 5 .Minor Xrrip0_'tion. — — 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00 6 .Communication ^ - - "^‘in^istries, 3.99 16.50 16.50 16 *50 16 .51 70.00 15.00 15.00 15 X0 15.00 15.00 ?:> .00 0 .Sericulture. 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 170#00 ^ — 9Wutrition - \ lA .Community X^evelopment. - ^ ll^^ducation - - - - _ - 10.00 10*00 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00 12.l\*M.S»6< F.W. — ^ - 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00' \ 13,Dip.H.&.P Jl. - ^ - -1 6 0 - ■■■■■'■ 1 . 2 .' ■ 3.’ '4 . 5; ■ " 6.- ~ -7 ; ” “ 0." " ” 9 ; ~ “lO.” -" llT " “ 1 2 .“ ' 14.Director of Primary Health G oitre*' 15 •Sletrification l 6 *Housing 17 .^inking Water lo.Manpov;er and Biiploymait 19 .Tribal Research and Development 20.Soil Conservation 21*Director of Ad^- Dravidar and ^ ^ Tribal Welfare. — — —- — — — 2-00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.56 7.55 b J Primitive Tribes C. Dispersed Tribes- . .TOTAL . . . - - -14-9.00152.27-152,30 152.27-153.20 759.20-90.00-09.00139,00 - 09.00 ' 90-.56 kUI .36- 1 _ _TRIBAL 3JB ELAN:. ja^LO.CATION. AND/EXPENDlTURE EURlNG FIFTH.PLAK MD MfiDlUM TERM ELAN (Rs,in lakhs) Head o f 1976-77 " ■ ■ 1977-78 ■ '■ - *■ 1978-79 ■ “ 197g--80 -GRAND"TOTAL ' - ' Departments. outlay-^*- ExpfiB- Outlay* Expen- Outlay* Expen- Outlay* Expen-■ Outlay Expendi- d itu re d itu re d itu re (Jiture (Col.2 ture +4+6+ ( c o l . 3+ • / 8) 5+7+9) 1 . 2* _ 5 -_ _ 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . ' 8 . 9 . 1 0 . 11.^ 1 • A g ricu ltu re 2.21 4.00 13.77 15 .00 26 .76 25 «75 35 .00 26 .08 77.74 7 1 .84 2* /iriimal Husbandry 4.00 5.00 16.50 16.00 30.00 17.64 29.31 22.02 79.81 6 0 .66' 3* F orestry 3*42 4.19 6.35 8.00 17.60 11.73 22.50 12.57 49.87 36.49 4« Co-operation 16.13 15.00 24,00 15.00 10 .00 7.87 25 .00 18.67 75.13 56 .54 5 f Minor Irrigation^ 1.55 m m rn m 20.16 5.00 10.17 10.17 10 .00 3.13 41.88 18.30 6• Communication 66 .35 50 .00 28.50 45.00 32.47 21.67 45.66 45.10 172.98 161.77 7. Village, Industries* 0.78 0.78 3.00 1-.00 5.36 5.35 . 9.00 6 .84 18.14 13.98 0. Education. 0.22 10 .00 21.24 15-00 21.20 21.20 20 .00 15.68 62.66 61.88 9 . Health 5.85 3*00 6 .0 0 9.00 15.30 15.30 20 .50 12.42 47.65 39.72i 10 .Social Welfare. 1'.31 2;03 1.98 5.00 10.77 10.77 13*50 6.39 27.56 24.19 11 .Electri fic ation • 10.00 10.00 7.00 7.00 12,00 10.00 10.00 27.00 12 .Housing i;5 0 3.37 3.37 . — — 4.87 5.37 1 3<»Lirinking Water —.. 10 .00 10 .00 10.00 10 .00 20.00 2p .0 0 14 .Tribal Research and Dev^D-opment- ^ 1.5 3 3.00 1 .5 3 3.00 _ _TOTAL. . -101.02 - 94.00 - 153-00- 144.00 - 200 .00 168.84 25^4.00 191^90 700.82 ,598 .74 * Expenditure includes flow from General Sector also* TRIBAL SJB PLAN ALLOCATION AND EXPENDITURE DURING T m SIXTH PLAN PERIOD ' ^ (Rs.in laKhs) Sl*No* Ndne of the Sector 1980^81 1981-82T '19B2~83 1983-84 1984-85 Outlay Expen- Outlay Expen- Outlay Exp eh- Outlay Expen- Outlay Total d itu re * ditmre* diture-#- d4-ture Expendi up to tu re 31.3 •84* up to _ _3_ - - -4-^ _ ------5- - - -6 —------7- .------8 ------9- .- - 10- - -11 - - -12 I f Agriculture 40.00 35.23 44.00 22,73 71.35 29.94 76 .00 29,10 62.50 5.50 2» Animal liisbandry 50.00 21.07 32.00 17 ^43 33.10 25.95 33.30 26.81 35.90 4.42 3* Forestry ^■66 35.09 45.90 34.56 30.95 33-22 52.50 42.70 53.00 2 3‘.99 4# Co-operation 50.55 ^ .o o ;‘ ■ >50.60 31.29 51.05 10.50 55.00 23.03 55.00 5#'Minor Irri{^.ation 10.00 3.00 10.60 1.99 11.25 11.70 13.00 12.59 17.00 2.49 6 • Comtnunication 54.20 50.16 55.30 188 .83 105.10 150 .76 175 .00 177 .02 190 .41 92 .03 ?• Village Industries 21.71 O'.6 5 27.00 9.53 31.00 19.06 40.05 15.50 53.00 9.39 8. 3duca.tion 20.30 20.00 32.55 19 .97 39.30 34.11 49.79 45.99 60.90 22.13 9. Health O 10 • So c i al W el fa re 5 40.00 25.19 44.00 14.27 42.50 22.31 53.70 42.04 59.76 2'.Q6 11 •^lectibifi cation 12.00 10.15 13.20 12.00 14.50 17.04 16.51 17.39 20.00 I^WiI 12 ♦Housing. 0.35 — 2.30 1.35 1.31 1.50 1.50 2.63 0.15 13 •Drinking Water 20.00 25.00 22.00 12.00 19-00 19.00 25.00 25.94 50.00 11.24 14.Tribal Research and Development* o;4o i;io 4;4o 2-.65 1.00 . 9*53 1.26 2.50 2',25 15 .Other Schemes. ■ 'c ;02 7.09 6.03 0^02 1.15 ! 345.25 -257.52 392.65 -357.25 451.36 301.51 600 .00 469 .02 607.^25 175.35 Expenditure includes flow from general sector Provisional state : TAMIL NADU, Staten^ent : T .S .P . - I PP.AFT seventh FIW YEAI^ flan' (1985-90) AllTi Am u AL PUN "l Q8S“ 86 ' TOIBi^L SU3 PLAN OUTIAy AicD 5XFENrJTIH3 . (IiS. in Inkhs) SI, Head of §IXSS«£l?iS^Ll2§2z§5.2 ___ -l2§Ql§l-.i-SSSiil____ i2§Il§l-.-Sti^i-§.xi2^ndit.U£e No. ?evelopnex^t. State Plow to Percen- State Flow Percen- State ^low Percen- Plan Tribal ta^e to Plan to ta^e to Plan to ta^e to outl3y Sub- total outlay Tribal total outlay. Triloal total Pl&n. outlay. Sub- plan Sub- plan Plan, outlay. Plan, outlay. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ^ ^ _____ . J l ' . .. I . ?*GEICI]XTOrS and 7rrm?~ircmTTias g ' IMO 1. Agrioultiire crop 122Q3.00 164.10 1.34 7568.58 89.29 4 952.5 2 25 . 23 O.5O Husbondry. 2. Itesearch, and ^ Education. I3OO.OO - - 378.20 - - 370.81 - - 3. land Kcforna. 181.00 - - 13.89 ~ “ ' 5.00 4. Marketing Storeape and ^ __ Ware Housin£. 5OO.OO - - 228.82 - - 89.08 - - 5. Special area prorrame for 2^^ural P evelop- . - nsnt. 86 00.00 - 26 88.37 31. maa of 1984-85-85 SEVENTH PUN(1985-90) 1985 -86 proposed outlay, No. X'evelopnent antidipated expenditure .proposea outly. State Plow Pe rce n- State Plow Percen- State Plow Percen- Plan to ta^e to plan to ta^e to Plan to ta^e to ou tlay. Tribal total outlay Tribal total outlay. Tribal total 3 lib- plan Plan plan Plan plan plan, outlay. outlay outlay. outlay, 1. *2. . 12. 13. U , 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 1. iVfiricult ure crop Husbandry. 5203.22 48,50 0.93 27090.00 324.37 1.19 Aoio-S2- 72.26 2. jSesGarch and Eaucation. 595.80 2870.00 3. land rielorns. 20.00 420.00 •S'O 4. Ma rke t inc Storea£?e and V/are Housing. 95.80 1120.00 5. Special area program me fo r Eural Pevelop- cS^%6l • TiT- n ent. 2704.82 19110.00 ml 2. 3. 4, 5. 6, 7. • 8. 9. 10. 11’, 6. Minor Irri£!sUon* 3940.00 5I.65 1.31 3211.93 H*89 0.37 509.99 13.15 2.58 7 . S o il and V/ater Conservation. 1600.00 64.80 3.60 1379.04 3.65 0.26 566.29 9.62 I.7O 8. Aninal Husbandry. 3353.00 I62..O5 4.83 U12.23 68.80 4.87 558.15 26.94 4.82 9. ?airy J^evelopnent. 58O.OO - - I5I.OI - - 114.35 10. Fisheries. 24OO.OO ^ - 555.89 “ 350.44 11. Porests. 5900.00 253.71 4.30 3046.77 102.07 3.35 1609.35 42.70 2.65 12. Com unity PGvelopnent. I2OOO.OO - - 20867.58 0.02- - 3229.32 13. S p ecia l and Backward areas. - - ~ “ •" “ 14. Investnent in ‘i£ricultural F in a n cia l ^ ^ /-o aa Institute'. 550.00 - - 36.39 “ " 68.00 15. Pood. 100.00 - - 519.24 - - 299.47 16. Co-operation. 2533.00 307.60 12.14 1755.64 79i'6^9 4*53 IOO5.36 25.44 '2.53 17. water Development qnd Flood Control. 1779.00 - - 7546.62 - * 5262.45 1. 2. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 6. Minor I r r ig s t io n . 805.1e 17.00 2.11 8750.00 104.00 1.18 Ss(o-o\ 20.00 2>* Go 1 . Soil Qnc! water conserv^it ion. 563.19 14.00 2.49 3990.00 121.82 3.05 20.00 3 . G. ^ninal Husbandry. 594.33 35.90 6.04 7420.00 214.93 2.90 44.75 w - s i - 9. Pairy PGvelopnc nt. 5 6 .C3 - - 1 260.00 - - —. 10. F ish e rie s. 395.16 - “ 5320.00 -- . "It - — 11. F orests. 1667.49 53.00 3.14 13090.00 273*00 2.08 nsb-iT 49.40 12. Comunity Developnent 3IC3.65 1.00 0.03 26610 . 00 24.80 0.09 4.55 D - IS 15. S p ecia l and Backward — areas. ------— - 14. Investment in ^agri cultural Financial I n s t it u t e , 45.00 1190.00 - - so o a - — — Pood. 340,85 - - 210.00 - - - 15. V 16. Co-operation. 167.88 55.00 32.76 5600.00 390.97 6.98 95.6^6 feS * >5 17. Wa te r De ve lopne nt — i» - an? Flood Control. 5903.44 — 39480.00 -- 1. 2. 3- 4 . 5. 6* 7. •8. 9 . 10. 11. 18. bower iGVGlopnent. 102280,00 73.25 0.^7 52431,91 39.63 (>;08 1C00D.0D - — 19. Industries - -- - - Median & lQr£ie*• 8992.00 9047.57 3390.71 2 0, Village and Snail Ind nstriGS. 8000.00 176.41 2.20 5729.12 36.16 0,63 2289.24 19.45 0,84 21, Mining and neta — llu r g ic a l Ind ustriea. 185.00 wm 85-99 — .1- 217.16 22. Ports X^eht Houses and Shipping. 900,00 - - 238.85 - 179.18 - - 23. Kcads and B ridges. 13900.00 326.48 2.35 6802.86 368.25 5v41 3125.05 178.58 5.71 24. i^oad- and Inland Water Transport. 7850.00 -- 8085.10 - - 3488.82 - - 25. Tourisn. 800.00 -- 192.78 - - 185.56 -- 26. General Education. 8000.00 - - 6181.47 -- 3239.66 - - - - - 27. Art and Culture. 200.00 - - . 239.13 174.40 - 28. Technical Education 11.00,00 - - 1007*42 - - 521.46 -- 29. Scientific Service and Research* m. — 31.00 - 1. 2. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16, 17. 16. 19. 20. 1G. Power Developnent. 23700,01 20.00 O.OC 227290.00 U6.00 0.06 25.00 o '0*1 19. Iii(^ us tr ie s - I'4ed5_un & l£irEG. 1942.22 19950.00 20. Villo^o and Snail Industries. 1654.62 53.00 3.20 17700.00 511.07 2.C7 93.27 21. Mining and Metal lu r g ic a l Ind us tr ie s. 265.13 120.00 22. Ports Xieht Houses and Shipping. 105.20 1960.00 23. I?oads and B ridges. 3219.40 190.41 6.16 30940.00 2G4.00 0,91 100.56 24. I^oad and Inland Water TrQii^port. 232I.OG 17430.00 25. Tourism. 6 4 .9G 0.01 1750.00 26. General Educat ion. 4606.77 C.9G 0.19 17780.00 • o o 27. Art a nd Cult ure. 156.77 420.00 28. Technical Sd ucat ion 699.58 2450.00 3otv-3t “ 29. Scientific Service and Fie search. 15.02 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 30. Medical } 31. Public Health ana 5 ^.60 5732.45' 24.89 0.43 1 838.50 14.49 0.79 Sanitation. 5 32* Sev/er^ee and v/ater supply. 49575.00 121,65 0 , 24 1 43 79.9 2 4 3 . 00 0.006 91 62.32 1 0.6 7 0.11 33. Housing. IO642.OO ,12.85 O.I2 9022.97 1.31 0.01 3563.54 O.I4 34. Urban Developnent. 8200.00 - - 4740,36 - - 2965.44 35. Inform ation and Publicity. I5O.OO - - 199.10 - ~ . 35.49 36. iBbour 3nd Xobour Welfare. 397.00 ' - - 238.9I . - 1646.63 37. Welfare of Sehed- ulea Castes, Schedule d Tribes and Backw^^rd Classes. 8030.00 214.95 2.67 5753.37 74.03 1.29 23IO.I8 45.04 1.98 38. S o c ia l W elfare. I35O.OO' 60.84 4 .5 8 1 082.6 7 24 . 89 2.30 1 486 . 22 16.4 I 1.10 39. Nutrition. 26 00.00 - - 1363-45 “ “ 4261 .06 40. Other Social and . Ccnnunity Service. “ - - 161.74 “ "* 19.75 1. 2. \7. 13* 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 41, Secretariat Economic Sarvices. 1.91 - - 140,00 - - A 2. S ccn oa ic civ ice and Statistics. 49.71 " “ 56O.OO - - 43. Public Vforks. 770.99 “ 2240.00 - - -3^ 44. Stf^^tionery and ' Printine. 20.00 - - I4O.OO - - IOtAL 97922.35 587.25 O.7O 7OOOOO.00 325O.66 O.46 lOOOOCr 761.57 O.76 ______State s Tanilnadu. Statement: T.S,P. - 2. ?RAf t SSVEmiE PIYS YSAh Plii'iN 1983-90 ANNUAL PLAK 1985-86 - SUxl PLAN. Physical Targets / Achievenents. 31, Iten , Uhit. 1979-80 Sixth 1980-83 1983-m 1984-85 Seventh 1985-86 ITc, level. Plan Achieve Achieve —------Plan Target (I98O-85) -nent, -aent. Target, Antici- (1985-90)propos- Target. pated Target e<3. achieve proposed. -ne n t, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 . 6. 7. . 8. 9. 10, 11, A. C^I.)SI^AX, i) 5^nilies below NO* 25000 poverty line, (Tentative) ii) Panilies targetted NO. 15000 9200 4548 5850 6670 2a000 (4309 to,.bring above th3 2471 (I?I)P,3266+ (Upto (I5OOO (3000 poverty line, under Ii^UP.1082) L^ec.’ 84 m *P) IlffiP) IBL'P B, PHOGBAMI^ . 1, Hcrtloult ure , Area under high yielding varieties. Ac. 20727 17123 14367 6106 3000 3000 22^)00 4^00 2. Soil Censervation. Soil conservation undertaken. AC, 2592.90 4655 ^79.25 138.19! 600 600 6 poo 1^2 00 Hec. 1. 2. 3 . 4 . 5. 6 . 7. 9. 10. 11. 3* ^^n.ln'^1 Husbandry. i. Iiivestocks . aistribu(fcea* NO, 4966 15473' 42B9 1016 I4OO 1400 20000 4000 ii. Veterinary Dispensaries. NO. 4 8 iii. Veterinary Sub-Cent res, NO. 6 4. Porestrv# Area un^er p la n ta tion Hec. 8500 2464 I36O 60000 60000 8770 + 1750 + ^ttdays I^ndays 4320 ICO • 865 ICO 708080xwith vjith 16.39 3.00 Msnd^^ys.aff o r - a ffo r a t a - lakhs station tion work Manda^rs work 5. Minor ''Irri.^ation. No. 28 60 28 20 15 15 80 15^ • • p. No.of nincr irriga tion works coEipleted. Hec. IOO3 325 225 326 150 150 425 85 6. Co-operation. i ) No. of lamp s o c ie t ie s . No. 9 8 3 1- 4 1 i i ) Issue of loan s. Rs.in 121.22 - 126.54 68.30 75.00 75.00 375.00 75.00 lakhs. 125.00 25.00 iii) Value of A£rl. -do- 2.01 6.42 3.22 25.00 25.00 Procluct and Purchased. TT 1. 2. 3. 4., 5- 6. 7. ' 8. 9. 10. 11. iv ) Ynl\jB c± Minor Porest Produce Rs, . in lakhs 42.92 27.74 7.95 25.00 25.00 125.00 25.00 c o lle c te d /p u r ch^^sed^ ■ su p p lied , v) Value of a^'^ricul tural requisites. -d o - e.16 "" 28.59 13.90 15.00 15.00 75.00 15.00 vi) Value of consumer goods distributed. -d o - 45.48 143.13 71.44 70.00 70.00 350.00 70.00 7. Villar^e Industries. B e n e fic ia r ie s under No, of 670 2450 360 275 4-00 400 3250 650 B e e-h iv es. Tr ibe s . 8. Sericulture • i) Expansion of areas, Hec. 76 500 319 240 I 4O 140 650 130 ii) Farners Training No. of (including special persons. 188 1250 793 250 350 550 1650 130 t o d s and to u r ). iii) Purchase of rearing appliances, -d o - 188 1250 753 248 350 350 1650 130 iv) Construction of No, of rearinr sheds, sheds. 207 1250 753 248 350 350 I65O 130 v) No.of families No. of 1: ene f i te d . p erson s. 220 1250 890 290 350 350 I65O 130 “I. ^ 2, 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9, 10. 11. 9. Seucatim. i) Nc*of Govt. Tribal E esidentiQ l Schools No. 22 75 54 '12 10 10 60 12 opened under S u l ' : - ’ ? Ian. ii) Enrolnient of the oboT;e G ovt,T ribal Seoidential Schools. No^ 1100 3750 1700 600 5OO 500 3000 600 10. Healths i) Dispensaries opened No. 8 I9 4 2 - - I4 3 under Tribal Sub-Plan, ii) Sub-Centre opened No. - - - - I9 19 ~ “ under Tribal Sub-Plan. iii) Primary Health Centres. No. -1--1 1 2 1 ^ ^ • Social VJeliare. / i) Pre-schools including CHC & Balvqdies. (Sub-Plan) ■ No. IO9 200 60 169 10 10 250 50 i i ) P re-sch ccls under Prinitive Tribes Pro^raone. NO. - - 47 47 - iii) Tailoring Centres. No. - 4 26 - 65 1 1 30 6 wone n 1 . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. ISle ctrilicat ion. No,of vill3£e3 V illa ge 43 101 31 2 22 22 140 30 electril iec!. H anlets. 60 70 13. X'rlnkinr' wQter. Eab5.tations provided \v'ith clrinkin£ water. No. 96 610 138 25 167 167 449 150 14.. Soa^‘'s and B rid res. Construction of roads Ien£!th 20 KM. No.7 98.2 No. 3 No. 3 and in tribal areas. in K,M. 250 68.20 Kiy[, and s p i l l KM. s p i l l o-ver o'ver work. work. V /- • .- v^. ^ -'.r ;^ rAfy e o . N «..////^>U i C t r s iA * ^