Archaeology Wales

Land around Isca and Caerleon Roads, Caerleon Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

By Dr Amelia Pannett MIfA

Report No. 1307

Archaeology Wales Limited, Rhos Helyg, Cwm Belan, Llanidloes, Powys SY18 6QF Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440371 E-mail: [email protected] Archaeology Wales

Land around Isca and Caerleon Roads, Caerleon

Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

Prepared For: Natural Resources Wales

Edited by: Mark Houliston Authorised by: Mark Houliston Signed: Signed: Position: Managing Director Position: Managing Director Date: 23/1/15 Date: 5/2/15

By Dr Amelia Pannett MIFA

Report No. 1307

December 2014

Archaeology Wales Limited, Rhos Helyg, Cwm Belan, Llanidloes, Powys SY18 6QF Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440371 E-mail: [email protected] ARCHAEOLOGY WALES LTD, RHOS HELYG, CWM BELAN, LLANIDLOES, POWYS SY18 6QF

Contents

Summary 1 1. Introduction 1

2. Site Description 1 2.1 Location, Geology and Topography 1 2.2 Historical Background 2

3. Desk Based Assessment Results 2 3.1 HER Results 2 3.2 Map Regression 39 3.3 Aerial Photographs 40

4. Site Visit 40

5. Discussion and Conclusions 40

6. Acknowledgements 41

Appendix 1 – HER Gazetteer

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List of Figures

Fig. 1 Site Location Map

Fig. 2 Location of proposed new flood defences Fig. 3 Sites recorded on the HER within 1km of proposed development area

Fig. 4 1840 Tithe map showing the approximate area proposed for new flood defences

Fig. 5 1881 1st Edition OS map showing the approximate area proposed for new flood defences

Fig. 6 1901 2nd Edition OS map showing the approximate area proposed for new flood defences

Fig. 7 Views across the Usk towards the northern end of Isca Road

Fig. 8 Views across the fields on the western side of the proposed development area

Copyright Notice: Archaeology Wales Ltd. retain copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, and have granted a licence to the Natural Resources Wales to use and reproduce the material contained within.

The Ordnance Survey has granted Archaeology Wales Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. AL 100055111) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.

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Summary In June 2014, Archaeology Wales was commissioned to carry out an Archaeological Desk- Based Assessment, including site visit, to determine the archaeological potential of land between Isca Road and Caerleon Road, Caerleon. The work was undertaken in advance of the submission of a planning application for new flood defences.

The proposed development site lies within a landscape of known archaeological and historic significance, immediately south of the Roman Legionary Fortress at Caerleon. A section of the Roman road linking Caerwent and Caerleon runs through the proposed development area, and the presumed site of the Roman and medieval bridges across the River Usk is located in the north-eastern corner of the site. The HER records several sites of archaeological significance within the area, including the remains of two medieval towers associated with Caerleon Castle, and the possible location of a civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort. Cartographic evidence reveals that there have been few changes to the area since the mid-nineteenth century.

The archaeological potential of the area is considered to be high.

1. Introduction In November 2014, Archaeology Wales (AW) was commissioned by Natural Resources Wales (NRW) to undertake an archaeological desk-based assessment to investigate the heritage potential of land at the northern end of Isca Road, Caerleon (NGR: ST 34199 90263; fig. 1; Archaeology Wales Project No. 2281). The work was undertaken in advance of the submission of a planning application for new flood defences along the banks of the River Usk. The area within which the proposed new flood defences will be built lies within a landscape of known archaeological and historic significance, immediately south of the Roman fort at Caerleon and adjacent to medieval defences associated with Caerleon castle and the site of the medieval (and possibly earlier) bridge across the Usk. There are a large number of recorded archaeological sites in the vicinity, including the line of the Roman road, a roadside structure of Roman date, a Roman cemetery and elements of the Roman civilian settlement. As a consequence, AW recommended that a desk-based assessment was carried out, alongside a programme of test-pitting and auguring, to inform any future proposals and provide information to the Planning Authority.

The assessment involved an appraisal of all the documentary and cartographic sources pertaining to the site, a study of aerial photographs and a site visit. The work was carried out in December 2014.

2. Site Description 2.1 Location, Geology and Topography The proposed development area covers land between the northern end of Isca Road and the B4596, Caerleon Road (fig. 2). The land comprises flat, low-lying ground on the floodplain of the River Usk, with existing flood defences along the edge of the river and extending across open fields to the east of the B4596. The north-eastern section of the study area is

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developed, with houses and a pub at the northern end of Isca Road, while the remainder of the area is open fields. The land lies at approximately 6m AOD. The underlying geology comprises Devonian St Maughans Formation argillaceous rocks and sandstone overlain by deep alluvial deposits (BGS 2014).

2.2 Historical Background The proposed development site is located within a landscape of known archaeological and historic significance, lying immediately south of the Roman fort at Caerleon and on the line of the road leading from Caerwent to Caerleon. The northern end of Isca Road is thought to be the location for a bridge across the Usk, which dates to at least the medieval period and is likely to have been Roman in origin, connecting the road from the east to the south-eastern gate of the fort. The civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort is thought to have extended into the area to the south of the river (based on tenuous place name evidence, see HER results below), and evidence for Roman occupation has been found along Isca Road, including a large building identified during the construction of a house in the mid-twentieth century.

Evidence for later use of the northern end of Isca Road as an access route into Caerleon can be seen in the remains of medieval towers either side of the river. These towers were associated with the later phases of use of Caerleon castle, a Norman Motte of eleventh century date, and could have acted as watch towers or defence at either end of the bridge across the Usk. In the post-medieval period a public house was built at the southern end of the bridge across the river.

The area proposed for the construction of the new flood defences comprises both land that has been under cultivation since at least the post-medieval period, and land that has been occupied by defences and public and domestic buildings since at least the medieval period.

3. Desk Based Assessment Results 3.1 HER Results The HER records 452 sites of archaeological and historic significance within 1km of the proposed development site (fig. 3). A summary table is included below and the full gazetteer can be found in Appendix 1.

PRN Site Name Form Period Designation

10246g 2 lengths of bank Earthwork

Scheduled Endowed School, Ancient 04810g Carpark and Garden Building Roman Monument

Grade II Post- Listed 02516g 19 High Street Building Medieval Building

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Grade II 6 HIgh Street, Post- Listed 07869g Caerleon Building Medieval Building

04501g ABBEYFIELD SITE Earthwork Roman

ABBEYFIELD SITE, 04510g LAND ADJACENT Earthwork Roman

07654g Adam Bulmore Unknown

ALTAR TO JUPITER 02290g DOLICHENUS Finds Roman

Anti-aircraft battery, Other 05314g Coldra wood Structure Modern AREA OF POSSIBLE MARKET-GARDENS IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF 10852g CAERLEON FORTRESS Roman

Grade II Back Hall Railings and Other Post- Listed 02536g Gate Structure Medieval Building

Grade II Back Hall, Backhall Post- Listed 02535g Street Building Medieval Building

Post- 03791g Backhall St no. 32 Building Medieval

BASILICA ON SITE OF CAERLEON ENDOWED buried 00569g SCHOOL feature Roman

BEAR HOUSE FIELD 00591g BUILDING I Documents Roman

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BEAR HOUSE FIELD 00610g BUILDING II Documents Roman

BEAR HOUSE FIELD 00611g BUILDING III Documents Roman

BEAR HOUSE FIELD 00612g BUILDING IIII Documents Roman

BEAR HOUSE FIELD 00613g BUILDING V Documents Roman

BEAR HOUSE FIELD 00614g BUILDING VI Documents Roman

BEAR HOUSE FIELD 00592g BUILDING VII Documents Roman

BEAR HOUSE FIELD 00615g BUILDING VII Finds Roman

BEAR HOUSE FIELD 00593g BUILDING VIII Documents Roman

Scheduled Bear House Field, Ancient 04488g Caerleon Earthwork Roman Monument

Grade II Post- Listed 04690g Beechwood House Building Medieval Building

registered Post- parks and 06119g BEECHWOOD PARK Earthwork Medieval gardens

02291g BELMONT Finds Roman

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Post- 03165g Belmont House 0 Medieval

BOUNDARY STONE FROM CAERLEON (RIB 02854g 325) Finds Roman

Post- 05134g Brick Kiln 0 Medieval

00648g Bridge, Carleon Documents Medieval

Not 05125g BROAD PILL 0 Applicable

Grade II Broad Towers, High Post- Listed 02568g Street Building Medieval Building

BRONZE AXE ST 03987g JULIANS PARK Finds Bronze Age

BRONZE AXE ST 00219g JULIANS WOOD Finds Bronze Age

Bronze phalera 03991g mount, findspot Finds Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (AMBULANCE 10866g HEADQUARTERS SITE) Roman 10857g BUILDING IN Roman CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 1) 10843g BUILDING IN Roman CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 12)

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BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10844g BUILDING 13) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10845g BUILDING 14) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10858g BUILDING 2) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10842g BUILDING 20) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10863g BUILDING 21) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10864g BUILDING 22) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10859g BUILDING 3) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10860g BUILDING 4) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10861g BUILDING 5) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10862g BUILDING 6) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10846g BUILDING 7) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10847g BUILDING 8) Roman

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BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10848g BUILDING 9) Roman BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10841g BUILDINGS 18-9) Roman

BUILDINGS IN CAERLEON CANABAE 05196g (BROADWAY FARM) Building Roman BUILDINGS IN CAERLEON CANABAE (CAMBRIA CLOSE SITE, FORMERLY 10562g ALLOTMENTS) Roman BUILDINGS IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10840g BUILDINGS 10-11) Roman BUILDINGS IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET 10849g BUILDINGS 15-17) Roman

Grade II Listed 02551g Bull Inn : High Street Building Medieval Building

00436g BULMORE Building Roman

00551g BULMORE Finds Roman

02994g BULMORE Finds Roman

04922.0 Other g BULMORE Structure Roman

09641g BULMORE Roman

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00528g CAERLEON Documents Roman

00553g CAERLEON Earthwork Roman

00578g CAERLEON Finds Roman

00581g CAERLEON Finds Roman

00582g CAERLEON Finds Roman

00585g CAERLEON Finds Roman

00601g CAERLEON Finds Roman

00602g CAERLEON Finds Roman

00603g CAERLEON Finds Roman

00606g CAERLEON Finds Roman

00609g CAERLEON Finds Roman

02322g CAERLEON Finds Roman

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05630g CAERLEON Finds Roman

CAERLEON - 01016.1 CAERWENT ROMAN Other g ROAD Structure Roman

01016.1 CAERLEON - CARDIFF 6w ROMAN ROAD Roman

Scheduled Caerleon Other Ancient 00550g Amphitheatre Structure Roman Monument

CAERLEON Scheduled AMPHITHEATRE building - Ancient 00588g BATHS A ruined Roman Monument

CAERLEON Scheduled AMPHITHEATRE building - Ancient 00589g BATHS H ruined Roman Monument

CAERLEON BASILICA 00567g PRINCIPIORUM Documents Roman

00574g CAERLEON BOON58 Documents Roman

Grade II Other Post- Listed 00541g Caerleon Bridge Structure Medieval Building

CAERLEON BULMORE 00428g ROAD CEMETERY Finds Roman

Scheduled Ancient 05131g Caerleon Canabae 0 Roman Monument

Scheduled Ancient 00542g Caerleon Castle Earthwork Medieval Monument

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CAERLEON CASTLE 05140g TOWER 0 Medieval

CAERLEON 08151g CHURCHYARD Medieval

CAERLEON CHURCHYARD 00570g EXTENSION Documents Roman

CAERLEON CIVIL 00337g SETTLEMENT 0 Modern

CAERLEON COLLEGE 04884g BURIAL Finds Roman

CAERLEON EAST GATE 00527g OF FORTRESS Documents Roman

CAERLEON ELECTRICITY 00583g SUBSTATION Finds Roman

Grade II Caerleon Endowed Other Post- Listed 05579g School Structure Medieval Building

CAERLEON ENDOWED 05580g SCHOOL Building Roman

CAERLEON ENDOWED 05581g SCHOOL Building Roman

CAERLEON ENDOWED SCHOOLS BROADWAY 05197g ACCESS Building Roman

Scheduled Ancient 00590g Caerleon Fortress Roman Monument

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CAERLEON FORTRESS BATHS / BACK HALL 02210g STREET Building Roman

Grade II Caerleon House, High Post- Listed 02558g Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02569g Caerleon Junior School Building Medieval Building

Scheduled Caerleon Legionary Ancient 00584g Fortress Unknown Monument

Caerleon Legionary Scheduled Fortress: Area behind Ancient 01367g Caerleon House Unknown Monument Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Area Scheduled between Priory Hotel Ancient 01266g and Priory Lodge Unknown Monument Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Area of Scheduled Myrtle Cottage Ancient 01379g Barracks Unknown Monument

Caerleon Legionary Scheduled Fortress: Area off Ancient 01233g White Hart Lane Unknown Monument Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Back Garden Scheduled of No 4 Museum Ancient 01269g Street Unknown Monument Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Car Park and Garden of Endowed Scheduled School, North of Ancient 00742g Broadway Unknown Monument

Caerleon Legionary Scheduled Fortress: Field SE of Ancient 00594g Broadway Unknown Monument

Caerleon Legionary Scheduled Fortress: Goldcroft Ancient 00808g Common Unknown Monument

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Caerleon Legionary Scheduled Fortress: Grounds of Ancient 00898g Health Clinic Unknown Monument

Caerleon Legionary Scheduled Fortress: Grounds of Ancient 01203g St Cadoc's Home Unknown Monument Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Grounds of Scheduled the Croft Nursing Ancient 01227g Home Unknown Monument

Caerleon Legionary Scheduled Fortress: Old Vicarage Ancient 01024g Garden Unknown Monument

CAERLEON LEGIONARY FORTRESS: SCHOOL 00738g FIELDS Unknown

Caerleon Legionary Scheduled Fortress: Town Hall Ancient 00807g Park, High Street Unknown Monument

CAERLEON MEDIEVAL 00560g BRIDGE Documents Medieval

Grade II Post- Listed 02580g Caerleon Museum Building Medieval Building

CAERLEON PARADE 00571g GROUND Documents Roman

CAERLEON PARADE 00573g GROUND Documents Roman

Caerleon Police 03811g Station Building Unknown

Grade II Post- Listed 02563g Caerleon Post Office Building Medieval Building

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00546g CAERLEON PRIORY Documents Medieval

02522g CAERLEON PRIORY Finds Roman

CAERLEON ROMAN 00561g BRIDGE Documents Roman

Caerleon Roman 09340g Findspots finds only Roman

02342g Caerleon Roman Gates Roman

CAERLEON ROMAN 02996g QUAY Documents Roman

CAERLEON TELEPHONE 00568g EXCHANGE Documents Roman

CAERLEON TWIN 00658g OAKS Finds Roman

CAERLEON, RUSSELL 03967g HAYNES' LAND Finds Roman CAERLEON- CAERPHILLY ROMAN ROAD (LINEAR 07762g FEATURE) Documents Roman

CAERLEON-USK 05892.0 ROMAN ROAD, WEST g BANK ROUTE Roman

CAERLEON-USK 05892.1 ROMAN ROAD, WEST g BANK ROUTE Roman

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Post- 00223g Canon Balls Finds Medieval

05672.0 CASTLE ACRE , g CAERLEON Building Roman

CASTLE ACRE, 07707g CAERLEON Roman

CASTLE BATHS, 00563g CAERLEON Documents Roman

Post- 09623g Celtic Manor Stables. building Medieval

CHEPSTOW HILL 00427g CEMETERY, CAERLEON Finds Roman

03935g CHRISTCHURCH Finds Roman

CHRISTCHURCH 08155g CHURCHYARD Medieval

CHRISTCHURCH, 04320g NEWPORT Finds Roman

CHURCH FIELD, ST 04029g CADOC'S HOSPITAL Finds Roman

Grade II Church House and The Post- Listed 00222g Friars Building Medieval Building

Grade II CHURCHYARD CROSS Other Listed 00557g AT CAERLEON Structure Medieval Building

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COCK-Y-NORTH FARM Post- 05321g CW 6 building Medieval

05322.0 COCK-Y-NORTH g HOLLOW WAY CW 2 0 Medieval

03643g COLD BATH ROAD Finds Neolithic

00261g COLDRA Documents Medieval

Post- 03909g COLDRA Building Medieval

01016.1 7w COLDRA FARM Earthwork Roman

Post- 05318g COLDRA FARM Building Medieval

05326g COLDRA FARM Unknown

Post- 02367g Coldra House Building Medieval

Post- 05315g COLDRA WOOD 0 Medieval

05316.0 g COLDRA WOOD Earthwork Roman

Other Post- 05317g COLDRA WOOD Structure Medieval

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Post- 04390g COLDREA MILL Building Medieval

COLUMN BASES FROM CASTLE BATHS, 00564g CAERLEON Finds Roman

05137g CORN MILL 0 Medieval

CREMATION ON THE RIDING SCHOOL FIELD, 10714g CAERLEON Roman

CREMATIONS IN ULTRA PONTEM, 00552g CAERLEON Finds Roman

Scheduled Ancient 04697g Croft Nursing Home Earthwork Roman Monument

Cropmark, COLDRA 05324g FARM 0 Unknown

Cropmarks Priory 07044g Wood Cropmark Roman CULVERT OR DRAIN IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF 10851g CAERLEON FORTRESS Roman

DEDICATION TO FORTUNE AND BONUS 02852g EVENTUS Finds Roman DITCHES IN CAERLEON CANABAE (AMBULANCE 10870g HEADQUARTERS) Roman

Post- 08886g Drainage channel Medieval

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Post- 02562g Duplicate PRN Building Medieval

00529g E Corner Turret Documents Roman

E Corner Turret and 00519g Furnace House Documents Roman

EARLY CHRISTIAN MONUMENT AT Early 00556g CAERLEON CHURCH Finds Medieval EARLY MEDIEVAL INHUMATION AT ROMAN GATES, Early 08358g CAERLEON Medieval

00663g Findspot Finds Unknown

03788g Findspot Finds Iron Age

FINDSPOT AT 06174g CAERLEON Finds Roman PSAC;SSSI

Findspot at Engineering Works, 04283g High Street Finds Medieval

03775g Findspot, Broad Walk Finds Roman

03619g Findspot, Head of Attis Finds Roman

Findspot, St Julian's Post- 03985g Wood Finds Medieval

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Scheduled Former Garden of the Ancient 01377g Firs 0 Unknown Monument

Former South 00526g Gateway, CAERLEON Documents Roman

Former Stable Wing Grade II and Wall, The Priory Post- Listed 02567g Hotel Building Medieval Building

Former W Gateway, 00525g GOLLEDGES FIELD Documents Roman

Post- 05138g FULLING MILL 0 Medieval

Post- 03795g Fulling Mill, Caerleon Documents Medieval

other 09620g Gun Emplacement structure Modern

Grade II Hanbury Arms, Post- Listed 00548g Uskside Documents Medieval Building Scheduled Ancient Monument; Grade II Listed 00543g Hanbury Tower Building Medieval Building

02981g HIGH STREET Building Roman

Grade II Holy Trinity Church at Listed 00221g Christchurch Building Medieval Building

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HOME FARM 00547g (CAERLEON) Finds Roman

Other 04433g HOME FARM GREEN Structure Roman

Post- 09776g Industrial corn mill building Medieval

INHUMATION AT CAMBRIA HOUSE, Early 10742g CAERLEON Medieval

INSCRIBED STONE HANBURY ARMS, Other 00562g CAERLEON (RIB 337) Structure Roman IRON-PROCESSING AREA IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL 10868g STREET) Roman

Scheduled Isca (Caerleon Roman Ancient 00514g Fortress) Earthwork Roman Monument

Grade II Isca Grange, The Post- Listed 02583g Village Building Medieval Building

00566g JENKINS FIELD Documents Roman

00212g LAN-LLECHAU Documents Medieval

Latrine, WHITE HART 00535g LANE Documents Roman LEAD CURSE TABLET FROM CAERLEON AMPHITHEATRE (RIB 02523g 323) Finds Roman

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Other Post- 03748g Limekiln Structure Medieval

10781g Limekiln UNKNOWN

Grade II Post- Listed 00396g LITTLE BULMORE Building Medieval Building

00397g LITTLE BULMORE Building Roman

00398g LITTLE BULMORE Finds Roman

00429g LITTLE BULMORE Finds Roman

04286g LITTLE BULMORE Finds Roman

Grade II Listed 07640g Little Bulmore Roman Building

Little Bulmore Farm Post- 09488g barn building Medieval

Post- 00402g LLANHENOG Documents Medieval

LLANTARNAM PARK 00599g LODGE Documents Medieval

MAIN ROAD IN 05894.0 CANABAE TO EAST OF g CAERLEON FORTRESS Roman

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MAIN ROAD IN 05894.1 CANABAE TO EAST OF g CAERLEON FORTRESS Roman

MAIN ROAD IN 05894.2 CANABAE TO EAST OF g CAERLEON FORTRESS Roman

00213g Maindee Camp Earthwork Iron Age

Post- 00586g MALPAS ROAD Documents Medieval

Marching Camp Priory 07045g Wood Earthwork Roman

00559g MARKET CROSS Documents Medieval

Post- 00558g Market House Documents Medieval

Medieval Farm Buidling, Caerleon buried 09202g Legionary Fortress feature Medieval

MEDIEVAL TOWER 00545g CAERLEON CASTLE Documents Medieval

MERTHIR IVN ET AARON/MARTIRES Early 08314g IULII ET AARON Medieval

00520g MILL STREET Documents Roman

05154g MILL STREET Building Roman

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Scheduled Moated site in Coldra Ancient 03749g Wood Earthwork Medieval Monument

MOSAIC PROBABLY FROM CAERLEON 02979g FORTRESS BATHS Building Roman

05135g MOTTE 0 Medieval

03077g MUSEUM STREET Documents Roman

NANT Y MILWYR / 00607g CAERLEON AQUEDUCT Documents Roman

Nissen Huts, Coldra 09622g Wood. structure Modern

Grade II No 1 (White Lion Post- Listed 02582g House) Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02540g No 1 Castle Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02553g No 10 High Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02570g No 15 Mill Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02554g No 15. High Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02541g No 2 Castle Street Building Medieval Building

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Grade II Post- Listed 02531g No 20 Backhall Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02532g No 21 Backhall Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02533g No 22 Backhall Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02556g No 23 High Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02557g No 24 High Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02537g No 26 Backhall Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02538g No 27 Backhall Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02559g No 27 High Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02560g No 28. High Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02561g No 30 High Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02564g No 32 High Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02565g No 33 High Street Building Medieval Building

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Grade II Post- Listed 02526g No 5 Backhall Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02527g No 6 Backhall Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02528g No 7 Backhall Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02571g No 80 Mill Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02572g No 82 Mill Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02573g No 84 Mill Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02574g No 86 Mill Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02575g No 88 Mill Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02552g No 9. High Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02576g No 92 Mill Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02577g No 94 Mill Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02578g No 96 Mill Street Building Medieval Building

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Grade II Post- Listed 02579g No 98 Mill Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02542g No. 1 Cross Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02546g No. 10 Cross Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02547g No. 19 Cross Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02543g No. 2 Cross Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02548g No. 20 Cross Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02549g No. 21 Cross Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02544g No. 3 Cross Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02545g No. 9 Cross Street Building Medieval Building

Scheduled NW Turret, Prysyg Ancient 00515g Field Building Roman Monument

OCCUPATION IN CAERLEON CANABAE 10869g (MILLMEAD) Roman

Post- 05367g PEN-Y-LLAN 0 Medieval

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Scheduled Post- Ancient 00652g Penrhos Camp Earthwork Medieval Monument

PENRHOS FARM, 01102g CAERLEON Finds Roman

Grade II Post- Listed 04529g Penrhos Farmhouse Building Medieval Building

PERIMETER PATROL 10838.0 TRACK, CAERLEON g FORTRESS Roman

PERIMETER PATROL 10838.1 TRACK, CAERLEON g FORTRESS Roman

PERIMETER PATROL 10838.2 TRACK, CAERLEON g FORTRESS Roman

Not 08884g Pill Applicable

Other Post- 00647g PONT SADWRN Structure Medieval

Post- 00651g PONT SOAR Documents Medieval

00224g PORTH SINI CRAN Finds Medieval

Porth-y-mynde, wall Grade II and entrance gates of Other Post- Listed 02555g Caer Cottage Structure Medieval Building

POSSIBLE BATH BUILDING IN Unknown;Ro 00587g CAERLEON CANABAE Documents man

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POSSIBLE BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE 10867g (MILLMEAD) Roman POSSIBLE BUILDING(S) IN CAERLEON CANABAE (SOCIAL 10865g CLUB) Roman POSSIBLE FENCE IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF 10850g CAERLEON FORTRESS Roman POSSIBLE ROAD(S) OR SIDE STREET(S) IN CANABAE TO EAST OF 10856g CAERLEON FORTRESS Roman POSSIBLE SIDE STREET IN CANABAE TO EAST OF CAERLEON Unknown;Ro 10839g FORTRESS man

POSSIBLE SITE OF ST AARON'S CHAPEL, 10244g PENRHOS documents Medieval

02982g Priory Garden Site 0 Roman PROBABLE BATH- BUILDING IN Scheduled CAERLEON CANABAE Ancient 05136g (USKSIDE) Building Roman Monument

00523g PRYSG FIELD Documents Roman

00524g PRYSG FIELD Documents Roman

00536g PRYSG FIELD Documents Roman

00577g PRYSG FIELD Finds Roman

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00579g PRYSG FIELD Finds Roman

00608g PRYSG FIELD Finds Roman

Scheduled Ancient 00522g Prysyg Field Documents Roman Monument

Scheduled Ancient 00530g Prysyg Field Building Roman Monument

Quarries, Cock-y- 05320g North Earthwork Medieval

Quarrying, Coldra other Post- 09619g Wood structure Medieval

00604g RAILWAY STREET Finds Roman

Rampart, EASTERN 00539g CORNER Documents Roman

Rampart, GOLLEDGES 00537g FIELD Documents Roman

Rampart, WHITE HART 00538g LANE Documents Roman

Grade II Post- Listed 02539g Red Lion Building Medieval Building ROMAN ACTIVITY IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF 10854g CAERLEON FORTRESS Roman

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ROMAN ACTIVITY IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF Scheduled CAERLEON FORTRESS Ancient 01383g (CAMBRIA CLOSE) 0 Roman Monument ROMAN ACTIVITY IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS 10837g (TANHOUSE DRIVE) Roman ROMAN ACTIVITY ON BANK OF AFON LWYD TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS 10836g (MILLMEAD) Roman

Roman Aqueduct, 10595g Caerleon Roman

Roman Barrack Block, 00534g GOLLEDGES FIELD Building Roman

ROMAN BARRACKS MYRTLE COTTAGE 03600g ORCHARD Building Roman

Roman Barracks, 00532g GOLLEDGES FIELD Documents Roman

Roman Barracks, MYRTLE COTTAGE 00531g ORCHARD Documents Roman

ROMAN BUILDING AT 10084g ST JULIANS documents Roman

ROMAN BUILDING 02851g INSCRIPTION (RIB334) Finds Roman

ROMAN BUILDING ON THE SITE OF 'THE buried 03078g HALL', CAERLEON feature Roman

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Roman Building, Isca building - 09615g Road ruined Roman

Roman Buildings, 09334g Caerleon structure Roman

ROMAN CEMETERY 00649g CAERLEON USK ROAD Documents Roman

ROMAN COIN HOARD 00580g MYRTLE COTTAGE Finds Roman

Roman Inscribed 00431g Tombstone RIB 357 Finds Roman

ROMAN ROAD AND POSSIBLE QUAY AT 09639g CAERLEON Roman

Roman Road, Isca linear 09616g Road, Caerleon feature Roman

Roman Storehouse, Caerleon Legionary buried 09201g Fortress feature Roman

Roman Structure, Caerleon buried 09200g Comprehensive School feature Roman ROMAN STRUCTURES ON BANK OF AFON LWYD TO EAST OF 10853g CAERLEON FORTRESS Roman

02850g Roman tombstone Finds Roman

Roman Workshop, 09333g Caerleon structure Roman

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Romano-British Deposits, Bridge 05670g House Building Roman

RUBBBLE FOUND AT CAERLEON ENDOWED buried 05578g SCHOOL feature Roman

00518g S Corner Turret Documents Roman

05816g SANDY GATE Earthwork Roman

04490g SANDYGATE Earthwork Roman

Sculptured Stone, Caerleon Castle 03661g Mound Finds Roman

10855.0 SIDE STREET IN g CAERLEON CANABAE Roman

SITE NAME NOT 00600g KNOWN Finds Neolithic

SITE NAME NOT 00605g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02837g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02838g KNOWN 0 Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02839g KNOWN Finds Roman

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SITE NAME NOT 02840g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02841g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02842g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT Other 02843g KNOWN Structure Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02844g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02845g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02846g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02847g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02848g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02849g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02853g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 02855g KNOWN Finds Roman

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SITE NAME NOT 02978g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 03620g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 03804g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 03805g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT 03806g KNOWN Finds Roman

SITE NAME NOT Post- 05332g KNOWN 0 Medieval

SITE NAME NOT Post- 05333g KNOWN 0 Medieval

SITE NAME NOT Post- 05359g KNOWN 0 Medieval

SITE NAME NOT Not 05452g KNOWN 0 Applicable

SITE NAME NOT 07631g KNOWN Unknown

SITE NAME NOT 07633g KNOWN Unknown

SITE NAME NOT 07634g KNOWN Unknown

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SITE NAME NOT 07635g KNOWN Unknown

SITE NAME NOT 07636g KNOWN Unknown

SITE NAME NOT 07638g KNOWN Modern

SITE NAME NOT 07639g KNOWN Unknown

SITE NAME NOT buried 07643g KNOWN feature Roman

SITE NAME NOT Post- 07645g KNOWN Medieval

SITE NAME NOT Post- 07646g KNOWN Medieval

SITE NAME NOT 07647g KNOWN Unknown

SITE NAME NOT 07648g KNOWN Unknown

SITE NAME NOT 07650g KNOWN Unknown

SITE NAME NOT 07651g KNOWN Unknown

SITE NAME NOT 07652g KNOWN Unknown

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SITE NAME NOT 07653g KNOWN Unknown

Post- 09777g Skin Yard building Medieval

Post- 05139g SKINYARD 0 Medieval

SKYBBOR FACH FARM Post- 05323g CW 13) 0 Medieval

Grade II Post- Listed 08885g Slipway Medieval Building

00659g SOR MILL Documents Medieval

Scheduled Ancient 04489g South Corner Earthwork Roman Monument

00653g ST AARON'S CHAPEL Documents Medieval

Grade II St Cadoc's Church at Listed 00555g Caerleon Building Medieval Building

ST CADOC'S 02833g CHURCHYARD Finds Roman

ST CADOC'S 02834g CHURCHYARD Finds Roman

ST CADOC'S 02835g CHURCHYARD Finds Roman

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00650g ST HENNWG'S Documents Unknown

00639g ST JOHN'S WELL Documents Medieval

Grade II Post- Listed 00210g ST JULIAN'S Building Medieval Building

03102g ST JULIAN'S PARK 0 Unknown

00211g ST JULIANS CHAPEL Documents Medieval

Post- 05127g ST JULIANS HOUSE 0 Medieval

00218g ST JULIANS PARK Documents Medieval

Scheduled Ancient 00220g St Julians Wood Camp Earthwork Iron Age Monument

00225g ST JULIANS, NEWPORT Finds Roman

Post- 00657g STEMEY BRIDGE Documents Medieval

03742g TANHOUSE DRIVE Finds Roman

Telephone Call-box at Grade II the junction with Other Listed 04646g Bulmore Road Structure Modern Building

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Grade II Telephone Call-box Other Listed 04645g near The Goldcroft PH Structure Modern Building

Grade II Telephone Call-box Other Listed 04644g outside the Post Office Structure Modern Building

00595g TEMPLE OF DIANA Documents Roman

Grade II The Bell Inn, The Post- Listed 02584g Village Building Medieval Building

Grade II The Cottage, Backhall Post- Listed 02534g Street Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02550g The Firs (Cross Street) Building Medieval Building

THE MYNDE, CASTLE Other 05284g LANE, CAERLEON Structure Roman

Grade II Post- Listed 02566g The Prior House Hotel Building Medieval Building

Grade II Post- Listed 02581g The Village, Toll House Building Medieval Building

00432g Tombstone RIB 367 Finds Roman

TOWER CAERLEON 00544g CASTLE Documents Medieval

00565g TOWNHALL FIELDS Documents Roman

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09430g Trinity view, Caerleon building Modern

ULTRA PANTEM, Other 00435g CAERLEON Structure Roman

Scheduled Ancient 00549g Ultra Pontem Documents Roman Monument

ULTRA PONTEM (THE 03787g VILLAGE) Documents Roman

Unknown Structure, 10305g Mill Street Roman

04455g USK ROAD Finds Roman

VIA PRINCIPALIS (THE 05895.0 BROADWAY), g CAERLEON Earthwork Roman

00575g VICARAGE GARDEN Documents Roman

03621g VICARAGE GARDEN Finds Roman

Victorian Building, Mill Post- 10547g St Medieval

03618g VINE COTTAGES Building Roman

W Gate Turret, 00517g GOLLEDGES FIELD Documents Roman

ARCHAEOLOGY WALES LTD, RHOS HELYG, CWM BELAN, LLANIDLOES, POWYS SY18 6QF

Scheduled Ancient 00516g W Turret, Prysyg Field Building Roman Monument

Grade II Wall at Castle Street Other Post- Listed 02525g and Mill Street Structure Medieval Building

09640g WHARVES Medieval

00576g WHITE HART LANE Documents Roman

Windmill, Christchurch Post- 10879g Hill, Newport documents Medieval

Post- 05348g WOODVILLE 0 Medieval

04298g YEW TREE COTTAGE Finds Roman

The Post- 03947g YSGUBOR-FACH BYRE Building Medieval majority of the recorded sites are located within the town of Caerleon, in and around the site of the Roman Legionary Fortress. The majority of the sites are Roman in date. 113 of the sites are designated features of national significance, with 38 Scheduled Ancient Monuments, and 75 Grade II Listed Buildings. Two of the listed buildings, White Lion House and the Toll House, are located within the area of proposed flood defence work.

3.2 Map Regression Tithe Map The 1840 Tithe map for Christchurch Parish (fig. 4) depicts the study area as a mix of open ground and buildings at the northern end of Isca Road, and open farmland to the west of the Caerleon Road. The Apportionment records plot numbers 123, 124, 125, 127 and 280 as houses and gardens owned by a number of individuals. Plots 277, 278, 279, 281 and 284 are recorded as being under pasture.

No structures or sites of potential archaeological interest are depicted.

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1881 OS 1st Edition County Series Map (1:2500) The OS 1st Edition map depicts the site as little changed from the Tithe Map (fig. 5), with the proposed development area comprising a mix of open farmland and houses and gardens. The ground between the Ship Hotel and the river has been planted with a number of evenly spaced trees, possibly an orchard.

No features of potential archaeological interest are depicted.

1901 OS 2nd Edition County Series Map (1:2500) The 1901 map shows little change to the proposed development area from either the Tithe map or the 1881 map (fig. 6). The exception being in the area around the Ship Hotel where the trees have been removed and the land divided into a series of smaller plots.

No features of potential archaeological interest are depicted.

3.3 Aerial Photographs All the aerial photographs held by the Central Register for Aerial Photography for Wales, Cardiff, showing the area proposed for the new flood defences were examined for evidence of previously unrecorded archaeological features. The aerial photographs spanned the period between 1946 and 1980. None revealed any cropmarks or other evidence for archaeological activity.

4. Site Visit A site visit was conducted on 11th December in wet and windy conditions (fig. 7 and 8).

The area proposed for the construction of new flood defences includes open fields that are crossed by reens, or drains, to the south of Caerleon Road. These fields appear to be regularly flooded as they contain reeds and other vegetation characteristic of wet ground conditions. The existing flood defences, in the form of a linear raised bank, is the only raised area of ground in these fields.

The remainder of the area is located on the edge of the southern bank of the River Usk and includes sections of grassed gardens and a grassed slope forming the river bank.

No previously unrecorded features of potential archaeological significance were identified during the site visit.

5. Discussion and Conclusions The desk-based research has revealed that the area proposed for the new flood defences lies within a landscape of historic and archaeological significance, south of the Legionary Fortress at Caerleon and partly on the line of the Roman road from Caerwent. The eastern section of the flood defences area follows the southern bank of the River Usk, and takes in the location of the medieval bridge across the river, which is thought to be on the same location at the Roman bridge that carried the road into the south-eastern gate of the fort. The

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remains of two medieval towers, associated with Caerleon Castle and probably built to defend the bridge, lie within the proposed development area, although one was demolished in the early twentieth century. Two listed buildings are located within the area, both post- medieval in date. The western area of the proposed development comprises open fields that are crossed by reens and which appear to flood regularly. These fields are recorded on the HER as the location for a civilian settlement associated with the Roman fortress, although this is based on placename evidence and may, therefore, not be reliable.

Cartographic evidence reveals that there have been few changes to much of the proposed development area since the 1840s. In the western part of the proposed development area, the field boundaries have remained unchanged since the Tithe map was surveyed, while along the river at the northern end of Isca Road there has been some construction, but there are still large areas of open ground, as depicted in the nineteenth century maps.

No previously unrecorded sites or features of archaeological potential were identified during the site walkover.

The area proposed for the construction of new flood defences lies in a landscape containing large numbers of significant archaeological sites and consequently can be considered to have high archaeological potential. The section at the northern end of Isca Road could be particularly archaeologically sensitive as it covers the location for the medieval bridge and also the presumed location of the Roman bridge and a section of Roman road. It is possible that infrastructure associated with both of these structures could survive below ground, together with other buildings and structures that may have been built along the road. The western section of the proposed development area includes the site recorded in placename evidence as the location for a Roman civilian settlement. While this has not been confirmed through archaeological excavation, the area should be considered as archaeologically sensitive nonetheless.

6. Acknowledgements Thanks to Louis Stafford for undertaking the site visit.

7. Sources Aerial Photographs Consulted: • RAF image UK 1885 4007 10th December 1946 • OS image WILD 704 6lt 3000 053 20th March 1980

Fig. 1 Location of proposed flood Reproduced under OS License No. AL 100055111 0m 500m defences N

Fig. 2 Location of proposed new flood defences 0m 200m N

00560g 00545g 00544g 02582g 02581g

Fig. 3 Sites recorded on the Reproduced under OS License No. AL 100055111 HER within 1km of the proposed development area 0m 500m N

Fig. 4 1840 Tithe map showing approximate area proposed for new flood defences 0m 200m N

Fig. 5 1881 1st Edition OS map showing approximate area proposed for new flood defences 0m 200m N

Fig. 6 1901 2nd Edition OS map showing approximate area proposed for new flood defences 0m 200m Fig. 7 Views across the Usk towards the northern end of Isca Road Fig. 8 Views across the fields on the western side of the proposed development area http://www.herwales.co.uk/her/temp/prev.htm

GLAMORGAN GWENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD ENQUIRY REPORT - CORE RECORDS

Enquiry reference number: 4895 Prepared by: Charina Jones, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust Produced for: Amelia Pannett, Archaeology Wales Ltd

The following information has been provided under the terms and conditions of access as detailed on the GGAT HER Enquiry and Copyright Declaration forms. Copyright is reserved on all data supplied by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust. All output resulting from the use of the data must acknowledge the source as follows:- Derived from information held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust copyright.

If you wish to use information derived from material held by the GGAT HER Charitable Trust for publication in printed or multimedia form or to compile resources for commercial use (with the exception of grey literature reports), prior permission must be obtained in writing.

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Isca Rd, Caerleon

PRN 00210g NAME ST JULIAN'S NGR ST32408999 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Post-Medieval, Country house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY House probably built towards end of 15thC. Entirely reduced from its ancient magnificence. Under kitchen & staircase tower is a doorway opening onto river bank.

DESCRIPTION House probably built towards end of 15thC. Entirely reduced from its ancient magnificence. Under kitchen & staircase tower is a doorway opening onto river bank.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-29 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB ? CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 20804, related PRN 00211g

SOURCES

Residences.Pentre Bach etc. & St Julians/pp26-9 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NW 60/ 03/PH Desc Text//Coxe W/1801/Hist Tour in Monm/p103 06/PM Desc Text//Mathews J/1910/Hist Newport/pp213 216-7 02/PM Desc Text//Bradney JA/1929-32/Hist of Monm./V4 pp294-301 04/PH Desc Text//Wakeman & Morgan T&O/1860/Notes on Anc.Dom- 05/PH Desc Text///1885/Hist Facts & Trads Newport etc/pp8 14-5 132-3

PRN 00211g NAME ST JULIANS CHAPEL NGR ST32418995 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Medieval, Chapel, RANK: 1 SUMMARY First mentioned c864 as SS Julian and Aaron. The traditional site was a barn with traces of medieval architectural detail at the great house called St Julians, both now demolished.

DESCRIPTION First mentioned c864 as SS Julian and Aaron (Brook 1988, 77; Evans 1893, 225). 'Near the house {St Julians, PRN 00210g] is an old barn of small dimensions which was once part of the chapel of St Julius on the S wall are remains of an arched entrance which is now (1801) half filled up: the E & W windows may be traced & a small gothic doorway to the W. still remains (OS card ST 38 NW 61 quoting Coxe 1801, 95) 'Merthyr Iun et Aaron' (PRN 10244g) mentioned in the Book of Llandaff (Evans 1893, 225) c864 (Davies 1979, 121), which is a grant of 'Totum territorium sanctorum martirum Julii et Aaron' [= 'the whole landholding of the holy matryrs, Julius and Aaron']. Contra Knight 1993, there is no particular reason to place the chapel of Julian and Aaron at Mount St Albans (PRN 00399g). The antiquarian evidence indicates that there were medieval chapels in both locations. Evans

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2003: GGAT 73 Early-Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project database

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 00210g, related PRN 10244g GGATE001386

SOURCES Evans, E M 2003 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical sites in Southeast Wales: Desk based assessment 1317 Book Coxe, W 1801 An historical tour in Monmouthshire Book Evans, J G 1893 The text of the Book of Llandaff Book Davies, W 1979 The Llandaff charters Article Brook, D 1988 The early Christian church in Gwent Article Knight, J K 1993 The early church in Gwent, II: The Early Medieval church 03/PH Desc Text//Coxe W/1801/Hist Tour in Monm./pp95 98 104-5 08/PM Desc Text//Evans GE/1922/Arch Camb/V77 Pt2 p418 06/PH Desc Text//Hoare RC/1806/Itin thro Wales of Archbishop Baldwin 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NW 61/ 04/PH Desc Text//Dugdale W/1849/Monasticon Ang/V6 pt2 p1022 02/PM Desc Text//Bradney JA/1929-32/Hist of Monm./V4 pp294 07/PM Map//Rees W/1932/S.Wales & Border in 14th Cnt/SE Sheet 05/PM Desc Text//Baring-Gould & Fisher S&J/1907/Lives of Brit St's/ 1188/V1 p104 V1 pp101-3 Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project

PRN 00212g NAME LAN-LLECHAU NGR ST32668938 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Another of the farms on the estate of St Julian's. It is called after the brook Llechau...The estate of St Julians was extant in the 15th, 16th & 17th Cnts.

DESCRIPTION Another of the farms on the estate of St Julian's. It is called after the brook Llechau...The estate of St Julians was extant in the 15th, 16th & 17th Cnts.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NW 62/ 02/PM Desc Text//Bradney JA/1929-32/Hist of Monm./V4 p302

PRN 00213g NAME Maindee Camp NGR ST33058859 COMMUNITY Beechwood TYPE Iron Age, Enclosure, RANK: 0 SUMMARY Built over & mutilated; may be a small hill top camp, but more probably a ring-motte with bailey to E. An unclassified or doubtful site.

DESCRIPTION Built over & mutilated; may be a small hill top camp, but more probably a ring-motte with bailey to E. An unclassified or doubtful site. Maindee Camp has been now been near destroyed as a result of development over much of the site. Records from 1909 (Arch Camb 6th Ser 9 1909 p372) describe the earthwork as nearly circular in shape with a diameter of 250ft and is univallate with no sign of a ditch. Excavations produced two stone axes. In 1953 a site visit, as recorded on the OS card states that the feature 'has been extensively mutilated by the erection of modern houses�It is impossible to differentiated between ancient, natural and modern artificial slopes. At no point was there any trace of a ditch or complete rampart. The earthwork is unusually small for any type of defensive camp and Dr Savory's classification [as a ring-motte with bailey to the east] is possibly correct; however no substantiating classifiable material has been recorded. (Wiggins 2006)

CONDITION CONDITION: Near destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded

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CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 307858 GGATE001550

SOURCES Report Wiggins, H 2006 Prehistoric defended enclosures in Gwent 2682 02/PM Desc Text//Savory HN/1950/BBCS/V13 p237 04/PM Desc Text//Morris AH/1909/Arch Camb/6th ser. V9 p372 06/MM Record Card/OS//1979/ST 38 NW 65/ 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NW 65/ 07/PM Desc Text//Morris AH/1909/Arch Camb/V9 p312 03/PH Desc Text//Coxe W/1801/Hist Tour thro Monm/pp100-1 05/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/1933/Arch Camb/V88 p343

PRN 00218g NAME ST JULIANS PARK NGR ST33588932 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Deer park, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Documented reference to a medieval deer park named 'The Park and St Julians Park' from at least 1583. It possibly fell out of use by c1752, as it was not referred to on a map commissioned for land belonging to the Earl of Powis of that date.

DESCRIPTION Documented reference to a medieval deer park named The Park and St Julians Park from at least 1583, possibly disused by c1752 as it is no longer referred to on a map of that date which was commissioned for 'Land belonging to the Earl of Powis in the manors of Liswerny and Leberith in the Parishes of Christchurch, Caerleon and Llanvrecha . surveyed by Thomas Thorp 1752'.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NW 69/ 04/PH Desc Text///1823/Gents Mag/Pt2 p16 03/PM Desc Text//Bradney JA/1929-32/Hist of Monm/V4 pp289-300 05/PH Desc Text//Speed J/1612/Theatre of GB/V1 02/PM Map//Rees W/1932/S.Wales & Border in 14th Cnt/SE Sheet

PRN 00219g NAME BRONZE AXE ST JULIANS WOOD NGR ST33908961 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Bronze Age, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Bronze socketed axe, looped, with 3 parallel ribs on each face & slight moulding around mouth of socket at base of loop. Found in cutting through St Julian's Wood. Length 101mm, diameter 40mm.

DESCRIPTION Bronze socketed axe, looped, with 3 parallel ribs on each face & slight moulding around mouth of socket at base of loop. Found in cutting through St Julian's Wood. Length 101mm, diameter 40mm.

CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

06/PM List/Lillie MC/1991/Bronze Age Gwent (University of Nottingham dissertation) p79 02/PM Desc Text/Grimes WF/1951/Prehist of Wales/p179-80 No475 01/MM Record Card/OS/1957/ST 38 NW 70 04/PH Desc Text/Lee JE/1862/Isca Silurum/110 plate43 03/PM Desc Text/Evans CJO/1953/Monm Hist & Topog/p272 05/MM Record Card/NMW/ST 38 NW

PRN 00220g NAME St Julians Wood Camp NGR ST3399389081 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Iron Age, Hillfort, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A small sub-rectangular hill slope enclosure; now largely obliterated. DESCRIPTION A small sub-rectangular hill slope enclosure; now largely obliterated. The site is located on a ridge

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overlooking the Usk valley to the north. It is situated on parkland, consisting of grass and scattered trees, conjoining Christchurch cemetery. It consists of faint traces of banks and ditches on a northwest facing slope. A scarp of between 0.6-2m, with a faint external ditch defends the southern end. No further remains were detected, except a possible low bank of c.0.2m high running northwest-southeast, at right angles to the scarp. The OS card notes this site as 'in a list of unclassified or doubtful sites. "Represented as a small sub-rectangular hill slope enclosure; now largely obliterated�" '. The sites has now been encroached upon by the cemetery which encloses a small sliver of the site to the southeast. (Wiggins 2006)

CONDITION CONDITION: Near destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-29 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM021 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 94860 GGATE001550

SOURCES Report Wiggins, H 2006 Prehistoric defended enclosures in Gwent 2682 06/PH Desc Text//Coxe W/1801/Hist Tour in Monm/p91 04/PH Desc Text//Bayley & Britton/1810/Beauties of Eng & Wales/p138 02/PM Desc Text//Savory HN/1950/BBCS/V13 p237 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NW 68/ 07/MM Record Card/OS//1979/ST 38 NW 68/ 03/PM Desc Text//Evans CJO/Monm Hist & Topog/p272 05/PM Desc Text///1933/Arch Camb/V88 p343

PRN 00221g NAME Holy Trinity Church at Christchurch NGR ST34678936 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Church, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Christchurch is first recorded in 1113. The church consists of nave; separate, weeping chancel which is wider than the nave; nave aisles and chancel aisles (chapels) on both N and S sides; tower at the W end of the S aisle; N and S porches; and a rood stair to the N of the N aisle. Two major fires devastated this church within a century; in 1877 and 1949. The Perpendicular tower and both porches retain significant medieval detail, but otherwise although the masonry of the outer walls is largely medieval, all the surviving windows date to one or other of the post-fire reconstructions.

DESCRIPTION Christchurch is first recorded in 1113. However, the churchyard is partly curvilinear, possibly indicating a pre-Norman foundation (Brook, 1988, 77). The churchyard cross does not survive. The church has been dedicated to the Holy Trinity from at least the beginning of the 12th century, and the placename of Christchurch is apparently derived from this (Orme 1996, 35). The church consists of nave; separate, weeping chancel which is wider than the nave; nave aisles and chancel aisles (chapels) on both N and S sides; a massive tower at the W end of the S aisle with no external turret, the stairs being built into the thickness of the wall; N and S porches; and a rood stair to the N of the N aisle. The S porch is used for its orginal purpose, but the N has been slightly enlarged for use as the clergy vestry. The N aisle and N chapel are of one construction with a continuous N wall, but separated internally by an arch. On the S side, the S chapel is clearly an addition; it was originally the same length as the N chapel, but an extension was added to the E, probably in the 18th century, as a mortuary chapel; it is now used as a boiler house. The rood loft extended across both aisles, as the stair is on the N side of the N aisle and there are upper doorways on both sides of the nave. Crossley and Ridgway (1959, 32-3) saw fragments of the rood screen, which had affinities with work in Somerset but not in Gwent or the rest of Wales. These were destroyed in 1949, in the second of two major fires to devastate this church within a century; the other was in 1877. The tower remains unchanged apart from the renewal of the doors from the nave, and both porches were relatively undamaged, but otherwise although the masonry of the outer walls is largely medieval, all the surviving windows date to one or other of the post-fire reconstructions, the dressings of most of the doorways have been mainly renewed, and the interior is entirely post 1949. Before the first of these two fires the church was visited by Coxe at the beginning of the 19th century (1801, 40), by Glynne in 1849 (1902, 86-7) and by Freeman at about the same date (1851a; 1851b, 195-7). They report a largely Perpendicular building with elements surviving in the Norman and Early English styles; the aisles were Perpendicular with compound piers, and the chancel and its aisles/chapels were separated from the nave and its aisles by Perpendicular arches with engaged shafts (Freeman 1851b 196; Glynne, 1902, 86); the E window was also Perpendicular, with tracery (Freeman 1851a, 112). The church is mainly built in local fine-grained red sandstone of a rather purplish colour, though fine-grained grey limestone is also used, especially in the W wall of the nave and the tower, which are clearly of different construction from the rest of the building. The upper part of most of the walls and around the windows were rebuilt after the 1949 fire in rockfaced blocks of a distinctive bright red sandstone laid in snecked courses; this masonry was also used for the slight eastward extension of the N porch/vestry. The N facade of this porch was in ashlar. Apart from the main S door and the S porch door, the slit windows in the tower, and the door to the mortuary chapel/boiler room, which have dressings of sandstone and conglomerate, the openings have dressings in a coarse sandy limestone freestone (`Bath stone'), which was combine with conglomerate in the quoins of the chancel. The development of the plan cannot be followed in any detail, though it seems clear that the width of the chancel was established by the middle of the 13th century. The position of the tower is most unusual, and it is not

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certain where the nave of the original building was in relation to. Of the surviving medieval elements, the earliest is the Norman S door, in wall between the S porch and the S aisle. It is not certain whether this is in its original position or has been reset; this wall is slightly further N than the rest of the S wall of the S aisle. The Early English period in the main part of the church is represented by the chancel windows. The bases of a large triplet of lancets in the E wall of the chancel were left in place when their upper part was demolished to insert the Perpendicular window noted by Freeman, but apparently re-exposed during the Victorian restoration. The N window, largely renewed at the same time, was originally framed internally by similar shafts to those on the outside of the E window (Glynne 1902, 86). The lower stage of the tower also appears to be of this period; one lancet window remains visible on its N wall. Freeman (1851b, 196) noted traces of squinches at the top of this lower stage, and suggested that it had originally been crowed by a spire. The upper stage is Perpendicular. The doors of the N porch are also Perpendicular, and the bases of the blocked doors to the S chancel aisle/chapel and the W end of the nave appear to the same in origin, though their dressings have been largely renewed in the Victorian restoration. A somewhat mutilated piscina with an ogee head in the S chancel aisle/chapel survives in situ (Glynne 1902, 87): an apparently identical piscina or niche head has been reset in the N porch/vestry over the door to the nave; this was found in the tower but there is no record of its original position (Spink 1983, 21). This porch also preserves its original barrel ceiling. The List entry notes that the Victorian work is by J P Seddon, though the date of 1864 given there is too early for the restoration after the fire of 1877. Little now survives from the Victorian period, beyond the S porch roof, the blocked W window of the N aisle, which has lost its tracery, and the Decorated-style SW window of the S aisle; the other stonework, Victorian and medieval, had to be renewed in the building work of 1949-55 (architect G G Pace) since it had been too badly calcined in the 1949 fire to be reused (Pace in Spink 1983, 19). The 1949-55 restoration followed the original number and spacing of the arcades, including the unusual one-and-half bay arrangement in the chancel, but the arches are plain pointed (arcades) or two-centred (chancel arch with flanking arches) and have no embellishment apart from plinths of Bath stone ashlar; the windows are filled with simple bar tracery modelled on the surviving Victorian SW window, apart from the E and W window, which are of Perpendicular style. Apart from the piscinae mentioned above and the organ which was originally from All Saints, Bristol (Spink 1983, 32), the internal fittings all date to the second half of the 20th century and are of contemporary design; the main furnishings were designed as a unit (Pace in Spink 1983, 21). Some of the grave slabs, including the `healing stone' have been reset in the floor; there are photographs and transcriptions of these in the church inventory. Wright (1938a, 58) records two bells dated 1661, but notes that there was a peal of six in the 1750s References: Bradney, J A, 1932, A history of Monmouthshire. Vol 1V pt ii, The Hundred of Caldicot (part 2), 309-17 Brook, D, 1988, The early Christian church in Gwent, Monmouthshire Antiq 5, 67-84 Coxe, W, 1801, An historical tour in Monmouthshire Crossley, F H, and Ridgway, M H, 1959, Screens, lofts and stalls situated in Wales and Monmouthshire. Part ten, Section XIII: Monmouthshire Archaeol Cambrensis 108, 14-71 Freeman, E A, 1851a, On architectural antiquities in Monmouthshire I, Archaeol Cambrensis 2 ser 2, 99-113 Freeman, E A, 1851b, On architectural antiquities in Monmouthshire II, Archaeol Cambrensis 2 ser 2, 192-203 Glynne, S R, 1902, Notes on the older churches in the four Welsh dioceses Archaeol Cambrensis 6 ser 2, 81-114 (86-7) Orme, N, 1996, English church dedications Spink, A G, 1983, The history of Holy Trinity Church, Christchurch, Newport, Gwent (2nd edn, privately printed) Wright, A, 1938a, The church bells of Monmouthshire ii, Archaeol Cambrensis, 93, 57-74 Evans 1997 GGAT 51 Historic Churches Project

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 3072 II CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001386

SOURCES Evans, E M 2003 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical sites in Southeast Wales: Desk based assessment 1317 Report Evans, E M 1997 Gwent Historic Churches Survey: Churches in the Diocese of Monmouth, Archdeaconry of Newport Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project EM Evans (1998) GGAT 51/81 Welsh Historic Churches Survey: Glamorgan and Gwent 09/MM Desc Text/Swan Univ/Smith EG/1934/Neath Ant Soc Trans/p70 08/PM List//Crossby & Ridgeway FH&H/1959/Arch Camb/V108 02/PM Desc Text///1902/Arch Camb/6th ser. V2 pp86-7 03/PH Desc Text///1847/Arch Camb/V2 pp85-6 06/PM Map//Rees W/1932/S.Wales & Border in 14th Cnt/SE Sheet 07/PH Desc Text///1899/Arch Camb/5th ser. V6 p117 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NW 71/ 04/PM Desc Text//Evans CJO/1954/Monm Hist & Topog/pp270-2 05/PH Desc Text///1851/Arch Camb/2nd ser. V2 pp195-7

PRN 00222g NAME Church House and The Friars NGR ST34678931 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Modern restoration is visible in the walls, chimney & roof. Majority of windows are modern but restoration has been in keeping with the original design.

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DESCRIPTION Modern restoration is visible in the walls, chimney & roof. Majority of windows are modern but restoration has been in keeping with the original design.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-29 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 3073 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36648 SOURCES

03/PM Desc Text//Fox & Raglan/1953/Monm Houses/Pt 2 p126 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NW 72/ 04/PM Desc Text//Welsh Office/1984/Blds of Sp Arch or Hist Int/No1 02/PH Desc Text//Coxe W/1801/Hist Tour in Monm/p40

PRN 00223g NAME Canon Balls NGR ST34708936 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Canon balls, 1.5 diameter found on the eastern side of Holy Trinity Church, Christchurch.

DESCRIPTION Canon balls, 1.5 diameter found on the eastern side of Holy Trinity Church, Christchurch.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

02/PH Desc Text//Lee JE/1862/Isca Silurum/p132 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NW 73/

PRN 00224g NAME PORTH SINI CRAN NGR ST3489 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Coffin, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Stone coffin containing a skeleton encased in lead. Gilded alabaster statue of St Michael weighing the devil against a soul, found near the coffin. may have belonged to a tomb.

DESCRIPTION Stone coffin containing a skeleton encased in lead. Gilded alabaster statue of St Michael weighing the devil against a soul, found near the coffin. may have belonged to a tomb. Reported in Camden's Britannia (Britannia 2 ed Gibbon (1772, 16)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NW 74/ 03/PH Desc Text//Gough R/1786/Sepulchral Mons in GB/1 p61 29 02/PH Desc Text//Gibson ed E/1772/Camden's Britannia 2/p16

PRN 00225g NAME ST JULIANS, NEWPORT NGR ST3389 COMMUNITY Beechwood TYPE Roman, Coin hoard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Possible bath building, associated with a villa, suggested by the large quantities of coins and building debris including, bricks and jasper tesserae, collected.

DESCRIPTION Great quantities of Roman coins and building debris collected, including bricks and jasper tesserae, which seem to indicate a high-status Roman building(s). The bricks were about 1 inch thick. It is recorded in 1654 as the site of hot baths. If this is a bath building, it is most likely to connected with a villa in this location.

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657

SOURCES

03/PH Desc Text//Coxe W/1801/Hist Tour in Monm/p86 02/PH Desc Text///1880/Hist Trads & Facts, N'pt & C'leon/Pt1 p82 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NW 75/

PRN 00261g NAME COLDRA NGR ST3589 COMMUNITY Ringland TYPE Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Bulmore was part of the Manor of Coldra & a residence here was the seat of many families of importance, but its exact situation is not known.

DESCRIPTION Bulmore was part of the Manor of Coldra & a residence here was the seat of many families of importance, but its exact situation is not known.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

04/PM Map//Rees W/1932/S.Wales & Border in 14th Cnt/SE Sheet 02/PM Desc Text//Bradney JA/1929/Hist of Monm/V4 pt1 p304 03/PM Desc Text//Evans CJO/1954/Monm its Hist & Topog/pp234-5 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 38 NE 25/

PRN 00337g NAME CAERLEON CIVIL SETTLEMENT NGR ST336904 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Modern, Settlement, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Area under Broadway playing field DESCRIPTION Area under Broadway playing field

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01. Richard Stone (1999 Feb) Caerleon Pitch: Broadway Playing Fields, Caerleon. Marches Archaeology

PRN 00396g NAME LITTLE BULMORE NGR ST3565091150 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 1-room plan with semi-attic attached to a later block. The little house was probably like others of its class & attached to a medieval hall - since destroyed.

DESCRIPTION 1-room plan with semi-attic attached to a later block. The little house was probably like others of its class & attached to a medieval hall - since destroyed.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-02 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 3063 II CROSS REFERENCES related prn 09641g, related prn 00395g GGATE003279, GGATE003743

SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01

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05/PM Mention//Nash Williams VE/1935/Ro.Ins & Sculpt Stones at 06/MM Note/NMR/Parkinson AJ/27th Sept 1984// 01/PM Desc Text//Fox & Raglan/1954/Monm Houses/Pt3 p90 114 04/MM Record Card/OS//1978/ST 39 SE 21/ 02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SE 21/ Caerleon/p39 03/PM List//Welsh Office/1981/Blds of Sp Arch or Hist Int/

PRN 00397g NAME LITTLE BULMORE NGR ST356911 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Little Bulmore is built on foundations of an immense Roman building consisting of hewn stone, among these fragments was a large freestone 6-7ft high & 4ft wide.

DESCRIPTION Little Bulmore is built on foundations of an immense Roman building consisting of hewn stone, among these fragments was a large freestone 6-7ft high & 4ft wide.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279, GGATE001657 SOURCES

04/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SE 21/ 01/PM Desc Text//Coxe W/1904/Hist tour through Monm/p327 02/PH Desc Text///1812/Arch J/p183 05/PH Desc Text//Lee JE/1862/Isca Silurum/p22 illus pl8 fig2 03/PH Desc Text//Pinnock/1885/Hist & Topog of Eng & Wales/p55-6

PRN 00398g NAME LITTLE BULMORE NGR ST356911 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Tombstone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Carved Roman votive monument, not inscribed, but bearing the figure of a man in a cloak, within an arched niche. No19 in Brewer's corpus.

DESCRIPTION Carved Roman votive monument, not inscribed, but bearing the figure of a man in a cloak, within an arched niche. No19 in Brewer's corpus.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279, GGATE001657 SOURCES

Caerleon/p39 08/MM Record Card/OS//1958/ST 39 SE 48.10/ 02/PH Desc Text//Lee JE/1845/Ro Ants at Caerleon/p6 illus pl17 fig1 03/PH Desc Text//Manby GW/1802/Hist & Picturesque Guide through Monm 05/PM Desc Text///1927-9/BBCS/4 p262 /p70 04/PM Desc Text///1913/Arch Camb/6 ser V8 p262 07/pm desc text///1986/CISR/19 06/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SE 21/ 01/PM Desc Text//Nash Williams VE/1935/Ro Ins & Sculp Stones at

PRN 00402g NAME LLANHENOG NGR ST3590 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Water mill, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Mill at Llanhenog. DESCRIPTION Mill at Llanhenog.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-01-02 00:00:00

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

02/MM Record Card/OS//1985/ST 39 SE 26/ 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SE 26/

PRN 00427g NAME CHEPSTOW HILL CEMETERY, CAERLEON NGR ST35309070 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Cremation cemetery, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Numerous interments have been found in this area, all of them apparently cremation burials. Bulmore burials would thus appear to date before 250AD.

DESCRIPTION Numerous interments have been found in this area, all of them apparently cremation burials. Bulmore burials would thus appear to date before 250AD.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657

SOURCES

02/PM Mention//Nash Williams VE/1952/Roman Legionary Fortress 01/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/Cat of Ro.Insc Stones Found at Caerleon/p24-5 map C Caerleon/p23 03/MM Record Card/OS//1958/ST 39 SE 48/

PRN 00428g NAME CAERLEON BULMORE ROAD CEMETERY NGR ST35209080 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Cemetery, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Numerous interments have been found, some in square tile cists (Source 01). Also fragments of tombstones RIB 364, 370, 379.

DESCRIPTION Numerous interments have been found, and also fragments of tombstones. The ground has been nearly all dug over to form a potato garden, so that probably nothing further will be brought to light Numerous interments have been found, some in square tile cists (Source 01). Also fragments of tombstones RIB 364, 370, 379. Inscribed stones 'found in a field by the roadside leading from Caerleon to Bulmore. This field is on the slope of a steep hill; and the ancient road to Caerwent...passes through it. The ground has been nearly all dug over to form a potato garden, so that probably nothing further will be brought to light.' (Source 02) This burial area would appear from the description to be alongside the Roman road going up Belmont Hill. (Evans 2001)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657

SOURCES Report Evans, E M 2001 Romano-British southeast Wales settlement survey: Final report 726 03/PM Desc Text//Nash Williams VE/1935/Cat of Ro.Insc stones C'leon/ 07/PM Mention//Ward JH/1972/Britannia/V3 p282 footnote 04/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SE 48.4/ p29 no54 p33 no61 02/PH Desc Text//Lee JE/1862/Isca Silurum/p2-3 18 131 06/MM Record Card/OS//1959/ST 39 SE 48.4/ 01/PH Desc Text//Lee JE/1845/Ro.Ants at C'leon/p6-7 39 pl26 fig3 364 370 05/PM List//Collingwood & Wright RG&RP/1965/Ro Insc Brit/V1 RIB 379

PRN 00429g NAME LITTLE BULMORE NGR ST356912 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Cremation burial, RANK: 1

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SUMMARY Glass ossorium, indicating a Roman cremation burial, was found during uprooting of old tree. Within a few yards of this was found a large quantity of burnt bones and charcoal. No pottery or coins found.

DESCRIPTION Glass ossorium, indicating a Roman cremation burial, was found during uprooting of old tree. Within a few yards of this was found a large quantity of burnt bones and charcoal. No pottery or coins found.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279, GGATE001657

SOURCES

03/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SE 29.7/ 02/PH Desc Text//Lee JE/1862/Isca Silurum/p48-9 pl27 fig1 01/PH Desc Text//Lee JE/1845/Ro Ants at C'leon/p6 22 23 illus pl14 04/MM Record Card/OS//1958/ST 39 SE 29.7/

PRN 00431g NAME Roman Inscribed Tombstone RIB 357 NGR ST3591 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman inscribed tombstone, found about the end of the 19th Cnt presumably on Little Bulmore Farm.

DESCRIPTION Roman inscribed tombstone, found about the end of the 19th Cnt presumably on Little Bulmore Farm.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657

SOURCES

04/MM Record Card/NMW////ST 39 SE 03/PM List//Collingwood & Wright RG&RP/1965/Roman Inscriptions of Britain/V1 RIB 357 p121 01/PM Desc Text///1940 Journal of Roman Studies/V30 p185-6 02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SE 29.9/

PRN 00432g NAME Tombstone RIB 367 NGR ST3591 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Tombstone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tombstone RIB 367. Fragment of the bottom portion of what may have been a double tombstone. The stone was formerly in the church at Kemeys where it formed the support of the font.

DESCRIPTION Tombstone RIB 367. Fragment of the bottom portion of what may have been a double tombstone. The stone was formerly in the church at Kemeys where it formed the support of the font.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657

SOURCES

01/PH Desc Text/Lee JE/1845/Ro Ants of C'leon/p39 pl26 2 03/PM Desc Text/Nash-Williams VE/1935/Cat of Ro Insc Stones found at 02/PH Desc Text/Lee JE/1862/Isca Siulrum/p18 pl7 3 04/MM Record Card/OS//1959/ST 39 SE 29.10/ 05/PM Desc Text//Collingwood & Wright RG&RP/1965/Roman Inscriptions C'leon/p27 no48 of Britain/V1 RIB 367

PRN 00435g NAME ULTRA PANTEM, CAERLEON NGR ST3590 COMMUNITY Caerleon

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TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Fragment of a dedicatory slab or pedestal of purbeck marble. Found in 1915 in or near the Roman cemetery at Ultra Pantem, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Fragment of a dedicatory slab or pedestal of purbeck marble. Found in 1915 in or near the Roman cemetery at Ultra Pantem, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657 SOURCES

02/PM Note///1921-3/BBCS/V1 p73 03/MM Record Card/OS//1959/ST 39 SE 29.1/ 04/PM List//Collingwood & Wright RG&RP/1965/The Roman Inscriptions 01/PM Desc Text//Nash Williams VE/1935/Ro Insc Stones C'leon no41 p22-3 illus of Britain/V1 RIB385 p130 05/PM Desc Text//Wheeler Sir M/1921-3/BBCS/p73

PRN 00436g NAME BULMORE NGR ST3591 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The structural remains of high-status Roman building at Bulmore, comprising of a tessellated pavement. No further details available.

DESCRIPTION The structural remains of high-status Roman building at Bulmore, comprising of a tessellated pavement. No further details available.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657 SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1958/ST 39 SE 24/

PRN 00514g NAME Isca (Caerleon Roman Fortress) NGR ST33909060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Overall number for legionary fortress, occupied late 1st-4th century.

DESCRIPTION Overall number for legionary fortress, occupied late 1st-4th century. The fortress is situated on a glacial gravel terrace on the western side of the river Usk. The Legionary fortress of Caerleon is one of the most important Roman military sites in Britain. Summaries of the history and archaeology of the fortress can be found in Boon 1972; Boon 1987 and Evans 2011.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM014 CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001050, GGATE003743, GGATE003871, GGATE001411, GGATE002452, GGATE002584, GGATE001657

SOURCES Book Boon G C 1980 Caerleon and the Gwent Levels in Early Historic Times Book Evans, E. 2010 Caerleon Book Boon, G C 1972 Isca: The Roman legionary fortress at Caerleon, Mon Book Boon, G C 1987 The legionary fortress of Caerleon - Isca 08/PM Desc Text//Boon GC/1962/Arch in Wales/p7 no30 03/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/1952/BBCS/V14 p176-7 01/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/Ro.Leg.Fortress Caerleon/p12-162

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04/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/ 05/PM Desc Text/CBA/Boon GC/1969/Arch in Wales/ 07/PM Desc Text/CBA/Boon GC/1967/Arch in Wales/ 10/PM Desc Text/NMW//1980/Al An Sorrell, Early Wales Recreated/No4 6 06/PM Desc Text/CBA/Boon GC/1968/Arch in Wales/ 09/MM AP/GGAT/Parkhouse JP/10.02.86// 02/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/1954/Ro Frontier in Wales/p18-21

PRN 00515g NAME NW Turret, Prysyg Field NGR ST33619062 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Turret, RANK: 1 SUMMARY North-west corner angle turret.

DESCRIPTION North-west corner angle turret.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM014 CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 530g GGATE000378

SOURCES

01/PM Excav Report//Nash-Williams/1931/Arch Camb/V86 p108-119 02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/

PRN 00516g NAME W Turret, Prysyg Field NGR ST33649059 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Motte, RANK: 1 SUMMARY First turret from the north on the west wall.

DESCRIPTION First turret from the north on the west wall. CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM014 CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 530g GGATE000379 SOURCES

02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/ 01/PM Excav Report//Nash-Williams/1931/Arch Camb/V86 p108-119

PRN 00517g NAME W Gate Turret, GOLLEDGES FIELD NGR ST33769048 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Turret, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Turret immediately north of the west gate.

DESCRIPTION Turret immediately north of the west gate.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 532g

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1972/Isca/

PRN 00518g NAME S Corner Turret NGR ST33969031 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Turret, RANK: 1 SUMMARY South corner turret.

DESCRIPTION South corner turret.

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 533g

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1972/Isca/

PRN 00519g NAME E Corner Turret and Furnace House NGR ST34249060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Turret, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Site of corner turret and Furnace House along the Caerleon walled defences.

DESCRIPTION Site of corner turret and Furnace House along the Caerleon walled defences. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 540g SOURCES

01/pm desc text//Hawkes C/1930/Archaeol Cambrensis/85 p144-96

PRN 00520g NAME MILL STREET NGR ST34209064 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Turret, RANK: 1 SUMMARY First turret north of the south-east corner.

DESCRIPTION First turret north of the south-east corner.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 521g GGATE000380, GGATE000437 SOURCES

01/PM Excav Report//Wheeler REM/1937/Arch Camb/V92 p324 02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/

PRN 00521g NAME Event record NGR ST34209064 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E000437

DESCRIPTION

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 00522g NAME Prysyg Field NGR ST33709073 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Turret, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Third turret west of the north gate.

DESCRIPTION Third turret west of the north gate.

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM014 CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 530g GGATE000381 SOURCES

02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/ 01/PM Excav Report//Nash Williams/1931/Arch Camb/V86 p108-119

PRN 00523g NAME PRYSG FIELD NGR ST33679070 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Turret, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Second turret west of the north gate. DESCRIPTION Second turret west of the north gate.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 530g

SOURCES

02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/ 01/PM Excav Report//Nash Williams/1931/Arch Camb/V86 p108-119

PRN 00524g NAME PRYSG FIELD NGR ST33649076 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Turret, RANK: 1 SUMMARY First turret west of the north gate. There is now no visible remains of the structure and the site is grass covered.

DESCRIPTION First turret west of the north gate. There is now no visible remains of the structure and the site is grass covered.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 530g SOURCES

02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/ 01/PM Excav Report//Nash Williams/1931/Arch Camb/V86 p108-119

PRN 00525g NAME Former W Gateway, GOLLEDGES FIELD NGR ST33809044 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Gate, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Former west gateway, partially cleared in 1932. Foundations and finds show it to have been an imposing structure comprising 2 arched passageways with flanking towers. No remains now.

DESCRIPTION Former west gateway, partially cleared in 1932. Foundations and finds show it to have been an imposing structure comprising 2 arched passageways with flanking towers. No remains now.

CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 532g GGATE000382

SOURCES

03/PM Mention//Kennerley E/1978/Gwent Local Hist/Medieval Caerleon

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02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/ p13 No45 01/PM Desc Text//Nash Williams VE/1952/Ro Leg Fortress Caerleon/p26

PRN 00526g NAME Former South Gateway, CAERLEON NGR ST34129045 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Gate, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Former Roman south gateway. Site now a modern road.

DESCRIPTION Former Roman south gateway. Site now a modern road. CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

p13 no45 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/ 02/PM Mention//Kennerley E/1978/Gwent Local Hist/Medieval Caerleon 1

PRN 00527g NAME CAERLEON EAST GATE OF FORTRESS NGR ST34089075 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Gate, RANK: 1 SUMMARY At the east gate of the fortress of Caerleon (the porta pincipalis sinistra) a massive wall (undated), which had been built against the rear of the wall to strengthen it, ran across the northern carriageway at least, blocking it (Zienkiewicz 1986, 49 n10)

DESCRIPTION

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000383, GGATE001050

SOURCES

03/pm mention//Zienkiewcz JD/1986/Fortress Baths Report/p49 02/pm desc text/GGAT//1984/Annual Rep/p20-1 01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/

PRN 00528g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST33749077 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Gate, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Former north gateway.

DESCRIPTION Former north gateway.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/ 02/PM Mention//Kennerley E/1978/Gwent Local Hist/Medieval Caerleon p13 No45

PRN 00529g NAME E Corner Turret NGR ST34209056 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Turret, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Eastern corner turret.

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DESCRIPTION Eastern corner turret.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 540g GGATE000375

SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/OS//1957/ST 39 SW 1/

PRN 00530g NAME Prysyg Field NGR ST33719066 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Barracks, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Barrack blocks excavated in 1926, in which a number of corner hoards were found within them. DESCRIPTION Barrack blocks excavated in 1926, in which a number of corner hoards were found within them.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM014 CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 4490g, related PRN 514g GGATE000376, GGATE000075

SOURCES Monmouth Archaeology 2008 14 Goldcroft Common, Caerleon 2548 208/11 02/pm exc report//Nash-Williams/1954/Bull Board Celtic Stud/15 231- 42 01/PM Excav Report//Nash-Williams/1931/Arch Camb/V86 p99-157

PRN 00531g NAME Roman Barracks, MYRTLE COTTAGE ORCHARD NGR ST34169060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Barracks, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman barracks excavated in 1939, and by Fox in 1940.

DESCRIPTION Roman barracks excavated in 1939, and by Fox in 1940. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 3600g GGATE000384 SOURCES

02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Mon 29 SW 6/ 01/PM Excav Report//Fox A/1940/Arch Camb/V95 p101-52

PRN 00532g NAME Roman Barracks, GOLLEDGES FIELD NGR ST33819050 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Barracks, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman barracks exvcavated 1931-33, possibly contains Centurion's quarters of paired barrack buildings.

DESCRIPTION Roman barracks exvcavated 1931-33, possibly contains Centurion's quarters of paired barrack buildings.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000385

SOURCES

01/PM Excav Report//Nash Williams VE/1932/Arch Camb/V87 p394-5

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PRN 00533g NAME Event record NGR ST33969040 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001048

DESCRIPTION See event E001048

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 00534g NAME Roman Barrack Block, GOLLEDGES FIELD NGR ST33839060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Barracks, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Barrack blocks excavated by Nash-Williams. Excavation by Cardiff Archaeological Consultants in 2007 found remains below ground to be well preserved.

DESCRIPTION Barrack blocks excavated by Nash-Williams. Excavation by Cardiff Archaeological Consultants in 2007 found remains below ground to be well preserved.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 532g GGATE000386, GGATE001404

SOURCES Report Bond, J. B. Robic, J-Y and Ponsford, M. 2009 An Archaeological Excavation at Caerleon Endowed Junior School 2007 2673 209/05 01/pm desc text///1972/Isca/

PRN 00535g NAME Latrine, WHITE HART LANE NGR ST34059047 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Latrine behind rampart.

DESCRIPTION Latrine behind rampart.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 576g

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1972/Isca/

PRN 00536g NAME PRYSG FIELD NGR ST33679069 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Rampart building. DESCRIPTION Rampart building.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 530g GGATE000371

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SOURCES

01/PM Excav Report//Nash-Williams/1931/Arch Camb/p122-35 02/MM Record Card/OS//Monm 29 SW 10//

PRN 00537g NAME Rampart, GOLLEDGES FIELD NGR ST33789047 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Rampart building.

DESCRIPTION Rampart building.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 532g

SOURCES

01/PM Excav Report//Nash Williams/1933/Arch Camb/V88 p112-4 02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Monm 29 SW 10/

PRN 00538g NAME Rampart, WHITE HART LANE NGR ST34059039 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Rampart building.

DESCRIPTION Rampart building. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 576g GGATE000387 SOURCES

01/PM Excav Report///1939/Arch Camb/V94 p107 02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Monm 29 SW 10/

PRN 00539g NAME Rampart, EASTERN CORNER NGR ST34179053 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Rampart building. DESCRIPTION Rampart building.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 540g

SOURCES

01/PM Excav Report///1930/Arch Camb/V85 p14-96 02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Monm 29 SW 10/

PRN 00540g NAME Event record NGR ST34229060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001049

DESCRIPTION See event E001049

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 00541g NAME Caerleon Bridge NGR ST34109026 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Bridge, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A 19th century stone bridge carrying the A449 over the River Usk. It has three elliptical arches of cut freestones. The rest of the structure is of local sandstone. It replaced an earlier, wooden bridge further to the north following damage by floods.

DESCRIPTION A 19th century stone bridge carrying the A449 over the River Usk. It has three elliptical arches of cut freestones. The rest of the structure is of local sandstone. It replaced an earlier, wooden bridge further to the north following damage by floods. (01 Dunning) A 19th century stone bridge carrying the A449 over the River Usk. It has three elliptical arches of cut freestones. The rest of the structure is of local sandstone. The cut-waters finish at the spring of the arch above which the line is carried up by ornamental pilasters. A string course marks the line of the roadway. Parapets and other features have been retained. The width of the roadway is 16ft. Records of an earlier, wooden bridge, further to the north, exist between c1290 to at least 1807, with public notices appearing in 'The Glocester Journal' in 1789 regarding proposals for a replacement bridge following damage by the flooded river.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 26120 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 24212, related PRN 560g GGATE001290, GGATE001377, GGATE003743

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 11/PM Map/Courtney P/1994/Medieval & Later Usk/Morrice's plan of Caerleon in 1800 (from Cox 1801) 01/PM Desc Text/Bradney JA/1925/Hist of Monm/Vol 3 pp193,201 09/PH Mention/27.4.1789/Gloucester Journal 02/PH Desc Text/Evans J & Britten J/Beauties of Eng & Wales/Vol 2 p136 05/MM Record Card/OS/1978/ST 39 SW 73 10/PH Mention/18.5.1789/Gloucester Journal 08/PM Desc Text/Nichols R/1977/Monmouthshire Medley/Vol 2 pp129-30 03/PH Desc Text/Coxe W/1801/Hist Tour in Monm/p100 07/PM Desc Text/Jervoise E/1936/Anc Bridges of Wales & W Eng/pp107-8 06/MM Photo/GGAT/Lewis W/1979-80 04/PM Map/Rees W/1932/S Wales & Border in C14th/SE Sheet

PRN 00542g NAME Caerleon Castle NGR ST34259054 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Castle, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Castle built prior to AD 1086. It utilised the southern wall of the fortress as its northern defences and a large artificial mound was raised at the western end to act as a motte.

DESCRIPTION Castle built prior to AD 1086. It utilised the southern wall of the fortress as its northern defences and a large artificial mound was raised at the western end to act as a motte. The motte was surmounted by a possibly round tower with massive foundations which collapsed in 1793.(Coxe 1801). Doc evidence record the presence of three stone towers associated with the castle and a possible barbican on the southern side of the bridge. Only one of these towers survives, incorporated into the fabric of the Hanbury Arms. the line of the eastern wall of the castle is preserved in the wall dividing the gardens of the High Street from those of White Hart Lane. Phillips notes that the earthwork at Caerleon situated with in a private garden is a motte (16.19m high) which, although not visible today, most likely had a bailey. A pathway spirals to the peak of the structure which possesses a folly on top of the motte forming a ringed embankment with an access ramp via a raised walkway. The motte has no surrounding ditch, remains of two circular masonry tower bases on the west side, and a bank in the foreground which may be associated with these tower bases. It is suggested that the tower bases formed a gatehouse from which this bank supported a bridge providing access to the motte. It is also noted that other remains of the later masonry castle can be found at the Hanbury Arms. The site is located above and would have guarded an old river crossing and controlled the old Roman roads to Venta (Caerwent), Burrium (Usk) and Cardiff which may have still been in use. Numerous documentary references were referenced in this research, and Phillips notes the 1878 excavation of the site. He concludes by interpreting the site as an early motte and bailey, surmising that the castle may have originally been an

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earth ant timber construction which was later rebuilt in stone and is likely one of the first castles built by the Normans following their conquest of Wales (Phillips 2004).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM014 CROSS REFERENCES related prn 05135g GGATE003743, GGATE004063

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 Book Coxe, W 1801 An historical tour in Monmouthshire Book E Donovan 1804 Descriptive Excursions Through South Wales and Monmouthshire in the Year 1804 and The Four Preceding Summers. Report (digital) Phillips, N Dr 2004 Thesis: Earthwork Castles of Gwent and Ergyng AD 1050 – 1250 11/PM List/Cadw/1995/Application for Scheduled Monument Consent 02/PH Desc Text/Lee JE/1862/Isca Silurum/pp133-4 03/PM Desc Text/Evans CJO/1953/Monmouthshire/p242 07PM Desc Text/Penn DF/1961/Arch Camb/V110 p142 04/PM Desc Text/Bradney JA/1923/Hist of Monm/V3 pp191,193,200 01/PM Desc Text/1933/Arch Camb/V88 pp386-7 08/PH Desc Text/RISW/Arch Camb/1885/V2 ser5 No7 pp321-64 05/PH Desc Text/Coxe W/1801/Tour in Monm/p87 06/MM Record Card/OS/1958/Monm 29 SW 13 10/PM Desc Text/Knight JK/1963/Monmouthshire Antiquary/V1 p70 09/MM Record Card/OS/1978/ST 39 SW 2

PRN 00543g NAME Hanbury Tower NGR ST3416590372 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Tower, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A circular tower near the Hanbury Arms, points out one termination of the works of Caerleon Castle.

DESCRIPTION A circular tower near the Hanbury Arms, points out one termination of the works of Caerleon Castle.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM037 , listed building 2996 II* CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 94870 GGATE003743

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 01/PH Desc Text//Coxe W/1801/Tour in Monm/p87 02/PM Desc Text//Bradney JA/1923/Hist of Monm/V3 p201-2 05/MM Photo/GGAT/Lewis W/1979-80// 03/MM Record Card/OS//1958/Monm 29 SW 13.1/ 07/MM Desc Text/Cadw/Whittle E/1986/AM107/ 06/MM Record Card/OS//1967/ST 39 SW 60/ 04/PM List//Min of Works/1958/Anc Mons in Eng & Wales/p110

PRN 00544g NAME TOWER CAERLEON CASTLE NGR ST34259028 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Tower, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tower dismantled shortly after the 1914-18 war when a new cottage was built. Site is now a private garden. It was probably a subsidiary tower of Caerleon Castle.

DESCRIPTION Tower dismantled shortly after the 1914-18 war when a new cottage was built. Site is now a private garden. It was probably a subsidiary tower of Caerleon Castle.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003743

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SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 05/PM List/Cadw/1995/Application for Scheduled Monument Consent 01/PH Desc Text/Coxe W/1801/Tour in Monm/p89 03/PH Desc Text/King E/1804/Munimento Antiqua/vol3 p142 04/MM Record Card/OS/1978/ST 39 SW 61 02/MM Record Card/OS/1967/Monm 29 SW 13.2

PRN 00545g NAME MEDIEVAL TOWER CAERLEON CASTLE NGR ST34219028 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Tower, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Remains of circular tower in a leaning position, and behind it another ruined building with two plain arched windows, shown in a sketch at N.end of Caerleon bridge

DESCRIPTION Remains of circular tower in a leaning position, and behind it another ruined building with two plain arched windows, shown in a sketch at N.end of Caerleon bridge

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003743

PRN 00546g NAME CAERLEON PRIORY NGR ST34019051 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Priory, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Remains consist of a small Gothic window - bricked - & visible in the SW face of the modern Priory. This window is not in situ.

DESCRIPTION Remains consist of a small Gothic window - bricked - & visible in the SW face of the modern Priory. This window is not in situ.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 04/MM Record Card/OS//1958/ST 39 SW 63/ 03/PM Map//Rees W/1932/S.Wales & Border in 14th Cnt/SE Sheet 02/PM desc Text//Gabriel JR//Caerleon/p12 01/PM Desc Text///1955/History of Caerleon/p31 (Town Guide)

PRN 00547g NAME HOME FARM (CAERLEON) NGR ST32359081 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Inscribed stone set up, probably toward the end of the second Cnt by a certain Tadia Exuperata beside tomb of her father. Pavements probably belonged to a mausoleum.

DESCRIPTION Inscribed stone set up, probably toward the end of the second Cnt by a certain Tadia Exuperata beside tomb of her father. Pavements probably belonged to a mausoleum.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

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SOURCES

03/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/1935/Cat Ro Insc & Sculpt Stones 09/PM List/Collingwood & Wright RG&RP/1965/Ro Ins of Brit/V1 RIB369/ 06/MM Record Card/OS//1959/Monm 29 SW 16/ 02/PH Desc Text//Lee JE/1862/Isca Silurum/p48 illus 05/PM Mention//Evans CJO/1954/Monm Hist & Topog/p238 07/PM Desc Text/GGAT/Lambert IJ/1979/Survey Report/ Caerleon/p31-2 01/PH Desc Text///1848/Arch Camb/V3 p371-2 08/MM Photo/GGAT/Lewis W/1979-80// 04/PM Mention//Gabriel JR/1928/Caerleon its Story & Ants/p10

PRN 00548g NAME Hanbury Arms, Uskside NGR ST3417090380 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY An illustration published by Coxe shows the Hanbury Arms, Caerleon, situated adjacent to one of the subsidiary towers of Caerleon Castle.

DESCRIPTION An illustration published by Coxe shows the Hanbury Arms, Caerleon, situated adjacent to one of the subsidiary towers of Caerleon Castle.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2995 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

03/PM List//Welsh Office/1974/Blds of Sp Arch & Hist Int/p17 02/MM Record Card/OS//1959/Monm 29 SW 17/ 01/PH Desc Text//Coxe W/1801/Tour in Monm/p87

PRN 00549g NAME Ultra Pontem NGR ST3490 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Settlement, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Part of civil settlement at Caerleon. DESCRIPTION That part of the extra-mural settlement (canabae) on the S/E bank of the Usk. Note that there is no ancient evidence for the name, which is either medieval, or an antiquarian invention.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM231 CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 3787g GGATE002268, GGATE001657 SOURCES Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust Site Visit Record Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 01/mm record card/OS//1953/ST 39 SW 20/

PRN 00550g NAME Caerleon Amphitheatre NGR ST33849034 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Amphitheatre, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The amphitheatre is situated outside the Fortress walls to the south-west. It was excavated in 1926-7 by Mortimer Wheeler. The structure is oval in design. There are two main entrances at either end of the oval, and six narrower entrances, three on either side. The interior is flat and grass covered. A drain runs around the perimeter. The arena walls that surround the area stand to their full height in most places. Behind these walls grassy banks rise to the ground level above. An area of brickwork, including an arched niche, is visible in a room off to the east of the arena. This is thought to be a shrine of Nemesis. Opposite this room on the far side of the arena is a broad flight of steps leading up to ground level.

DESCRIPTION The amphitheatre at Caerleon lay immediately outside the porta principalis dextra of the fortress. The oval arena, surrounded by a drain, was carefully laid out from a baseline along the short axis measuring 140 Roman feet (41.3m). It was enclosed by earthen banks for seating, supported by a coursed rubble retaining walls reinforced by buttresses, which lay mainly on the south side where the banks had to be built up further because of the

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fall in the ground. There were eight equally spaced entrances, of which those either end of the long axis consisted vaulted passages leading to the arena; the emplacements for wooden gates are still visible. At either end of the short axis is a chamber leading off the arena, over which would have been a box. All the entrances apart from those on the long axis provided stairs to the seating, and also access to the arena. The amphitheatre was modified twice, probably in the second quarter of the 2nd century and the first quarter of the 3rd century. The floor levels of the passageways were successively built up, apparently because there were problems with flooding in the arena. This necessitated the removal of the vaults in the entrance passages except for the main entrance at the north end. An additional stair was created to give access to the seating between two of the secondary entrances. The chambers on the eastern end of the short axis was cut off from the stairs and redesigned as a shrine with a niche. The find of a lead curse tablet (RIB 323 = PRN 02523g) addressed to the goddess Nemesis suggests that the shrine may have been dedicated to her. Also discovered during the excavation were a number of inscriptions: RIB 343 a building stone recording work by the century of Flavius Julinus of the tenth cohort, RIB 344 (century of Claudius Cupitus), RIB 45 (century of Fulvius Macer), RIB 347 (century of Licinius Nerva), RIB 350 (century of Sadius Tiro), and RIB 342 (ninth cohort) which was built into the wall of main north entrance (Entrance F). Another centurial stone recording construction work by the century of Rufinius Primus of the third cohort (RIB 339) was found in 1909 on the south side of the amphitheatre, apparently in situ.

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM232 CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 00590g, associated PRN 02523g, associated PRN 00588g, associated PRN 00589g GGATE000388, GGATE001411, GGATE002584

SOURCES Article Wheeler, R E M and Wheeler, T V 1928, The Roman amphitheatre at Caerleon, Mon Evans, E M 2004 The Roman fortress of Caerleon and its environs: A framework for research 2679 Book Boon, G C 1972 Isca: The Roman legionary fortress at Caerleon, Mon Book Collingwood, R G, and Wright, R P 1965 The Roman inscriptions of Britain vol1 Book Evans, E. 2010 Caerleon GGAT Assessment Broadway Farm A240 02/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/1952/Ro Leg Fortress Caerleon/p28 03/PM Desc Text/NMW//1980/Alan Sorrell, Early Wales Recreated/AN 5 05/PM List//Collingwood & Wright RG&RP/1965/The Roman Inscriptions 04/PM Desc Text//Collingwood RG/1028/Arch /V78 p120 01/PM Excav Report//Wheeler REM/1928/Archaeologia/V78 p111-218 of Britain/V1 RIB323 342-5 347 350 391 339

PRN 00551g NAME BULMORE NGR ST34609008 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inhumation, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Inhumation found at Bulmore in 1927 with tombstone inscribed ...]IVCITTIA VIXIT A[NNOS] LXXX CV[RAM E]GIT I[./Iucittia...lived 80 years I[...] had charge of the work. Coins and pottery also recovered.

DESCRIPTION Inhumation found at Bulmore in 1927 with tombstone inscribed ...]IVCITTIA VIXIT A[NNOS] LXXX CV[RAM E]GIT I[./Iucittia...lived 80 years I[...] had charge of the work. Coins and pottery also recovered.

CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003743

SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 Britain/V1 RIB382 p130 04/PM List//Collingwood & Wright RG& RP/1965/Roman Inscriptions of 01/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/1935/Cot of Ro Insc Stones found at Caerleon/p25 no43 03/PM Desc Text///1927/Western Mail/March 8th p7 & illus 02/PM Desc Text///1926/Journal of Roman Studies/V16 p24

PRN 00552g NAME CREMATIONS IN ULTRA PONTEM, CAERLEON NGR ST34659004 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Cremation cemetery, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Several cremation urns found on the hill behind the part of Caerleon commonly called 'The Village'

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(Ultra Pontem), all containing burnt bones and ashes.

DESCRIPTION Several cremation urns found on the hill behind the part of Caerleon commonly called 'The Village' (Ultra Pontem), all containing burnt bones and ashes.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657

SOURCES

01/PH Desc Text//Lee JE/1845/Ro Ants found at Caerleon/p7 02/MM Record Card/OS//1959/Monm 29 SW 29.3/

PRN 00553g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST34629007 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inhumation, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman pipe burial found. The burial was not likely to have been earlier than the time of Hadrian. This pipe burial was the 2nd to be discovered in the country.

DESCRIPTION Roman pipe burial found. The burial was not likely to have been earlier than the time of Hadrian. This pipe burial was the 2nd to be discovered in the country.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

in 1927 03/MM Record Card/OS//1959/Monm 29 SW 29.6/ Cloth from the Caerleon Pipe Burial 1927 01/PM Desc Text//Wheeler REM/1929/Ant J/V9 p1-7 illus 05/PM Photo///1959/Antiquaries Journal/V39 No's 3 4 (notes) Fragments of linen associated with the Caerleon Pipe Burial found 02/MM Oral/OS/Bevan/1959// 04/PM Mention/Boon GC/1959/Antiquaries Journal/V39 No's3 4(notes)

PRN 00555g NAME St Cadoc's Church at Caerleon NGR ST33939063 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Church, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The position of the church in the midle of the Roman legionary fortress, the pre-Norman sculpture found in the churchyard (now in the NMW) and the dedication to St Cadoc, all suggest a pre-Norman foundation date. The church consists of nave, chancel, N aisle, shorter S aisle with tower at its W end, chapel to the S of the chancel, S porch, and organ chamber and vestry to the N of the chancel. The earliest part of the fabric is the remains of the Norman N arcade, but much of the church as it now exists is largely the result of 19th and 20th century rebuilding (principally in 1856-60 and 1935).

DESCRIPTION Although Caerleon is probably to be identified with the legionum urbs, the site of a Roman-period martyrdom of SS Julius and Aaron, recorded in the 6th century by Gildas, there is no evidence for any ecclesiastical presence here before the Norman period, with the exception of a fragment of a pre-Norman cross (PRN 556) However, the dedication to St Cadoc is also suggestive of an early dedication, and the position of the church over the principia of the Roman fortress may suggest continuity from the Roman period. The first documentary reference is in 1254 (Brook 1988, 77). Before the Reformation there were two chantry chapels of the 15th century (Davies 1953, 140). The socket stone of the churchyard cross remains The church consists of nave, chancel, N aisle, shorter S aisle with tower at its W end, chapel to the S of the chancel, S porch, and organ chamber and vestry to the N of the chancel. The W wall of the tower is flush with the W walls of the nave and N aisle and of one build with them. The church as it now exists is largely the result of 19th and 20th century rebuilding; only the tower, the W wall of the nave, and the W wall and the lower part of the N wall of the N aisle are medieval. The church was drawn by Dineley (1888, 369) in 1684; he shows a S porch with a semicircular-headed door and a window over; the three windows in the S aisle are all shown with square labels, but the two windows to the E of the porch appear to have shaped heads. The S side of the chancel had two windows of indeterminite form with the priest's door between them. The earliest masonry to be noted in the church is the remains of an arcade with semi-circular arches at the W end of the S side of

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the nave, together with a window of the same form above. These were discovered during the restoration of 1867 (Evans 1953, 243) and have been very substantially reconstructed, with the pier between the arches being a mock-up and the capitals and at least parts of the heads renewed. The window, set to the W of the surviving section of arcade and so close above the arcade as to touch the top of the head, is probably reset from elsewhere in the church rather than being part of a triforium. There is little to date the tower and W end, since the openings on the W wall were all renewed in the Victorian restoration, the original doorways or arches to the nave and S aisle have plain two-centred heads, and the windows of the lower stage of the tower are largely plain lancets; however, the lowest window of the S side of the tower has the remains of cusping, suggesting a date of the latter part of the 13th century or the early part of the 14th. There is little information about the rest of the church before the Victorian restorations. Archdeacon Coxe (1801, 96) attributed the church to the Norman period; it is possible therefore that these remains may have been visible before the 1867 rebuilding (Knight and Matthews 1995, 3). For the rest, he describes it as `built with coarse materials and plaistered, and consists of a nave, two aisles and chancel', and the interior as `an elegant specimen of gothic architecture'. Hockey (1981, 80) notes that by 1860 one Tudor window remained in the Baptistry, although others had been replaced by Perpendicular lights in an earlier restoration. The information provided by Hockey indicates that there must have been at least three 19th century campaigns of restoration. No date is available for the first, in which `some of the ancient windows had been replaced by bad modern ones, two of which were of cast iron' (Hockey 1981, 79-80, quoting from the appeal produced for the nave restoraton); the work done in this was probably entirely swept away by the later restorations. The chancel was rebuilt in 1857 or shortly thereafter at a cost of ?190 on the initiative of the dean and chapter of Llandaff who held the rectorship of the parish. According to Prichard and Seddon, the diocesan architects (GRO D43.886), the medieval chancel was `in a most dilapidated and dangerous state' with the south wall which `considerably overhangs its base and is only sustained by iron ties' requiring complete rebuilding, and the other walls and the roof requiring repair (especially to the windows), partial rebuilding, and buttressing. They recommended instead that the chancel should be entirely pulled down and rebuilt, since `the expense would not greatly exceed that of putting the present structure in a state of proper repair, while its [the old chancel's] character even then will hardly be such as should be expected in the Chancel of so important a town church'. An appeal was launched in 1860 for the reconstruction of the nave and aisle, which were the responsibility of the parishioners; this restoration was completed in 1867 at a cost of ?2,300 (architect Seddon, contractor Jenkins of Caerleon, sculptor H C Frith: Hockey 1981, 80; Knight and Matthews 1995, 3). Those parts rebuilt were the nave and both aisles apart from their western walls and the lower part of the northern wall of the N aisle, the porch, the organ chamber and probably also the belfry windows in the tower. The stained glass windows were provided by the Charles Williams Memorial Fund. In 1935 the chancel was enlarged, and the chapel and vestries were added (Hockey 1981, 80; Knight and Matthews 1995, 3). Monumental inscriptions are largely as Bradney (1923, 211-3), although most have now been removed to the W wall of the nave and N aisle, and there are some differences between the stones which he recorded and those which are now displayed. All the fittings are Victorian or later. Wright (1937, 308-9) notes eight bells, a ring of six cast in 1881, with the remaining two added in 1886. References Bradney, J A, 1923, A history of Monmouthshire. Vol III pt ii; The Hundred of Usk, 208-15 Brook, D, 1988, The early Christian church in Gwent, Monmouthshire Antiq 5, 67-84 Coxe, W, 1801, An historical tour in Monmouthshire Dineley, T, 1888, The account of the official progress of his Grace Henry the first Duke of Beaufort through Wales in 1684. London Evans, C J O, 1953, Monmouthshire, its history and topography. Cardiff Hockey, P 1981, Caerleon past and present. Risca Knight, S W and Matthews, I G, 1995 The parish church of St Cadoc, Caerleon Gwent (church booklet) Wright, A, 1937, The church bells of Monmouthshire i, Archaeol Cambrensis, 92, 294-310 (308-9) Evans 1997 GGAT 51 Historic Churches Project

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2948 II* CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001386

SOURCES Evans, E M 2003 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical sites in Southeast Wales: Desk based assessment 1317 Report Evans, E M 1997 Gwent Historic Churches Survey: Churches in the Diocese of Monmouth, Archdeaconry of Newport 06/PM Desc Text///1885/Arch Camb V2 ser5/p321 Church Caerleon p3 02/PM Desc Text//Evans CJO/1954/Hist & Topog of Monm/243 07/PM Desc Text//Kennerly E/1981/Gwent Local History no50/St Cadocs 05/PM List//Welsh Office/1974/Blds of Sp Arch or Hist Int/p1 01/PM Desc Text//Bradney JA/1921/Hist of Monm/V3 p211 08/MM Record Card/OS//1962/ST 39 SW 69/ 04/MM Record Card/OS//1959/Monm 29 SW 89/ 03/PM Desc Text//Gabriel JR/1928/Caerleon its story & Ants/p13 Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project EM Evans (1998) GGAT 51/81 Welsh Historic Churches Survey: Glamorgan and Gwent

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PRN 00556g NAME EARLY CHRISTIAN MONUMENT AT CAERLEON CHURCH NGR ST33919061 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Early Medieval, cross, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Found c1854 ago in the churchyard of Caerleon. Fragment of Cross-slab with part of carved wheel-cross filled with fret & interlacing patterns. Now in NMW. Pre-Norman

DESCRIPTION Two fragments of a rectangular scupture cross-slab found c1854 in the churchyard of St Cadoc's in Caerleon. Decorated in low relief with a richly ornamented ring-cross, of which parts of the ring, lower arm and shaft with flanking panels survive. 10th or early 11th century (Rednkap and Lewis 2007, 503-4 MN1) Found in the churchyard of Caerleon. Fragment of cross-slab with part of carved wheel-cross filled with fret & interlacing patterns. Now in the National Museum of Wales. Pre-Norman Evans 2003: GGAT 73 Early-Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project database

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES Stones corpus MN1 SOURCES Book Redknap, M and Lewis, J M 2007 A corpus of Early medieval inscribed stones and stone sculpture in Wales. vol 1: South-east Wales and the English border 02/PH Desc Text////1856/Arch Camb/V10 p311 04/MM Record Card/OS//1959/Monm 29 SW 26/ 05/PM Desc Text//Nash Williams VE//ECMW BBCS V8 pt2 p161-88 01/PM Desc Text///1935-7/BBCS/V8 p175 06/MM Record Card/OS//1953/ST 39 SW 65/ 03/MM Oral/OS/Gabriel J/1959// Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project

PRN 00557g NAME CHURCHYARD CROSS AT CAERLEON NGR ST33939062 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Cross, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Remains consist of base with chamfered corneres.The whole is used as a lamp stand, the E.face having been cut for the insertion of a gas pipe. No inscription.

DESCRIPTION Remains consist of base with chamfered corners.The whole is used as a lamp stand, the E.face having been cut for the insertion of a gas pipe. No inscription. (OS card ST 39 SW 66)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

03/PM List/Welsh Office//1974/Blds of Sp Arch or Hist Int/p1 02/MM Record Card/OS//1959/ST 39 SW 66/ 01/PH Desc Text//Mitchell EH/1893/Crosses of Monm/p22

PRN 00558g NAME Market House NGR ST34069050 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Market, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Market house was built in 1622. In 1814 it was sold, & being ruinous was pulled down. 4 freestone columns which supported the market house were probably roman.

DESCRIPTION Market house was built in 1622. In 1814 it was sold, & being ruinous was pulled down. 4 freestone columns which supported the market house were probably roman.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

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04/MM Oral/OS/Gabriel J/1957// 02/PH Desc Text//Coxe W/1801/Tour of Monm/p86 03/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Monm 29 SW 42/ 01/PM Desc Text//Bradney JA/1933/Hist of Monm/V4 p305 05/MM Record Card/OS//1959/ST 39 SW 67/

PRN 00559g NAME MARKET CROSS NGR ST34059051 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Cross, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A medieval cross pulled down prior to 1683. The remains were held by Caerleon Museum until 1931, when they were placed in the National Museum of Wales at Cardiff.

DESCRIPTION A medieval cross pulled down prior to 1683. The remains were held by Caerleon Museum until 1931, when they were placed in the National Museum of Wales at Cardiff.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 03/MM Record Card/OS//1953/Monm 29 SW 43/ 02/MM Oral/OS/Gabriel J/1953// 04/MM Record Card/OS//1959/ST 39 SW 68/ 01/PM Desc Text//Bradney JA/1933/Hist of Monm/V4 p305

PRN 00560g NAME CAERLEON MEDIEVAL BRIDGE NGR ST34239033 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Bridge, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Records of an earlier, wooden bridge over the River Usk, exist from c1290, in a charter of the priory monks of Goldcliff which refers to 'the bridge of Karlion', to c1807 when it was replaced by the present stone structure a little to the south.

DESCRIPTION Records of an earlier, wooden bridge, to the north of the present stone structure (PRN 541g) carrying the A449 over the River Usk, exist from c1290, in a charter of the priory monks of Goldcliff which refers to 'the bridge of Karlion', to c1807, with public notices appearing in 'The Glocester Journal' in 1789 regarding proposals for a replacement bridge following serious damage by the river during a flood in 1772, possibly added to in later years. The bridge would have carried the original line of High Street across the River Usk to join with Isca Road on the south bank, possibly on a similar alignment of a Roman bridge believed to have existed here (PRN 561g). (01 Dunning)

CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 541g, related PRN 561g GGATE001377, GGATE003370, GGATE003743 SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Journal Lewis, R 2004 Excavations on the site of Caerleon Bridge Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 pt3 p14 02/PM Mention//Jervoise E/1936/Anc Bridges of Wales/p107 03/PM Mention//Smith ed LT/1906/Itin in Wales of J.Leland 1536-1539/ 04/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Mon 29 SW 12/ 01/PM List///1906/Cat of Charter Rolls/V2 1257-1300 p359 item3

PRN 00561g NAME CAERLEON ROMAN BRIDGE NGR ST34189038 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Bridge, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Two centurial stones (PRN 562g) found in c1935 near the Hanbury Arms suggest that they came from the abutment(s) of a nearby bridge, possibly on the same alignment as a documented medieval wooden bridge (PRN 560g).

DESCRIPTION Two centurial stones (PRN 562g) found in c1935 near the Hanbury Arms suggest that they came

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from the abutment(s) of a nearby bridge, possibly on the same alignment as a documented medieval wooden bridge (PRN 560g) which is thought to have carried the old line of High Street across the river to join Isca Road on the south bank. One of the stones is decorated and inscribed 'COH[ortis] II ? / > VALERI ? FL / ? AVI ?' ('The Century of Valerius Flavus in the Second Cohort [built this]'). (01 Dunning)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 562g, related PRN 560g GGATE001377, GGATE003743, GGATE001657

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 04/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Monm 29 SW 78/ 03/PH Desc Text//Lee JE/1862/Isca Silurum/p6 02/PH Mention//Lee JE/1845/Ro Ants found at Caerleon/p35 01/PH Mention///1835/Gents Mag/V3 p601

PRN 00562g NAME INSCRIBED STONE HANBURY ARMS, CAERLEON (RIB 337) NGR ST34189038 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Two centurial stones found in c1935 near the Hanbury Arms, suggesting that they came from the abutment(s) of a nearby bridge (PRN 561g) which may have been on the same alignment as a documented medieval wooden bridge (PRN 560g).

DESCRIPTION Two centurial stones found in c1935 near the Hanbury Arms, suggesting that they came from the abutment(s) of a nearby bridge (PRN 561g) which may have been on the same alignment as a documented medieval wooden bridge (PRN 560g) which is thought to have carried the old line of High Street across the river to join Isca Road on the south bank. One, damaged, stone has a sunken oblong panel, decorated above with a crescent (disc?) between two sea monsters, and is inscribed 'COH[ortis] II ? / > VALERI ? FL / ? AVI ?' ('The Century of Valerius Flavus in the Second Cohort [built this]'). Both stones are now in Caerleon Museum.

CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 561g

SOURCES Book Collingwood, R G, and Wright, R P 1965 The Roman inscriptions of Britain vol1 01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/337

PRN 00563g NAME CASTLE BATHS, CAERLEON NGR ST34199049 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Bath house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Clearance of site in the 19th century laid bare part of a bath-building showing work of 3 periods. Chronology of the building in its various developments cannot now be determined.

DESCRIPTION A coursed rubble building of at least two phases, with concrete and flagged floors and hypocausts in some of the rooms. Identified as C42 in 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. It is uncertain as to whether this structure was actually an independent bath-house, or whether it was a bathing suite attatched to a larger complex of buildings although the baths are too large to make it likely that they were attached to a private dwelling. It is not certain whether the baths were official military buildings or whether they were civilian, although the latter is probably rather more likely. They have produced no certain evidence for military involvement in their construction, with the possible exception of a centurial stone (RIB no.338), which may have been redeposited. Two dedications to Fortune, coupled on one with Bonus Eventus, (RIB nos.317, 318; PRN 02852g) may represent the clientele, if they were found in situ. One was put up by a praefectus castrorum and the other by a husband and wife. The husband's name is in a form reserved for use by Roman citizens, and therefore may have been a soldier though this is not recorded; his wife was necessarily civilian. (Evans 2000, 495, 512) Four column bases (PRN 00564g) found on the nearby medieval castle motte may have come from the Castle Baths. However, Brewer (1986, 16-7, 30) notes that some of the sculptured and inscribed stones found on this site may have been brought here when the castle was constructed. The baths themselves did contained sculptured stones reused as building material: an altar of Mithras was incorporated within one of the walls. (Lee 1862, 22, 85-103; Nash-Williams 1930, Castle Baths). Among the stones was a Roman altar (RIB 332) with an inscription that Collingwood and Wright consider wholly or partly a forgery.

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 02852g GGATE000372, GGATE002311 SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Book Boon, G C 1972 Isca: The Roman legionary fortress at Caerleon, Mon Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report no.2006/025 Book Lee J E 1862 Isca Silurum (London) Book Collingwood, R G, and Wright, R P 1965 The Roman inscriptions of Britain vol1 02/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/1952/Ro Leg Fortress Caerleon/p25 05/PM List//Collingwood & Wright RG&RP/1965/The Roman Inscriptions 01/PH Excav Report//Lee JE/1862/Isca Silurum/p83-93 129 pl38-40 03/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/1930/Arch Camb/V85 p147-9 plan of Britain/V1 RIB317 322 332 338 355 04/MM Record Card/OS//1967/Monm 29 SW 24/

PRN 00564g NAME COLUMN BASES FROM CASTLE BATHS, CAERLEON NGR ST34229052 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Column, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 4 column bases, probably from the Castle Baths (PRN 563g) are located on the side of the castle mound.

DESCRIPTION 4 column bases, probably from the Castle Baths (PRN 563g) are located on the side of the castle mound.

CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 563g

SOURCES

04/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/1935/Cat of Ro Insc Stones found at Caerleon/p10-41 03/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/1930/Arch Camb/V85 p147-9 plan 02/PM Desc Text//Nash-Williams VE/1952/Ro Leg Fortress Caerleon/p25 06/PH Desc Text/RISW/Lee JE/1849/Arch Camb/V4 no14 p73-82 05/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Monm 29 SW 24/ 01/PH Excav Report//Lee JE/Isca Silurum/p83-93 129 pl 38-40 07/PH Desc Text//Lee JE/1851/Arch Journal/V8 p157-62

PRN 00565g NAME TOWNHALL FIELDS NGR ST33829070 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Remains of building tentatively identified as the Quaestorium. Slight traces of pre-stone floors were found underlying the building. No remains exist today.

DESCRIPTION Remains of building tentatively identified as the Quaestorium. Slight traces of pre-stone floors were found underlying the building. No remains exist today.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000389 SOURCES

01/PM Desc Text//Grimes WF/1935/Archaeol Cambrensis/90 p112-22

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PRN 00566g NAME JENKINS FIELD NGR ST33899073 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Workshop, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Documented Roman building, with the suggestion that the building had been the legionary workshop or fabrica. The stone building continued in occupation throughout the second century. No remains now.

DESCRIPTION Documented Roman building, with the suggestion that the building had been the legionary workshop or fabrica. The stone building continued in occupation throughout the second century. No remains now.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000390, GGATE000438, GGATE000444

SOURCES

02/pm desc text///1936/Archaeol Cambrensis/91 p320-1 01/pm desc text//Nash Williams/1929/Archaeol Cambrensis/84 237-307 03/pm desc text///1960/J Roman Stud/50 p213

PRN 00567g NAME CAERLEON BASILICA PRINCIPIORUM NGR ST33919063 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Mosaic, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Among discoveries made in this area is the labyrinth mosaic, the only decorated mosaic which can be assigned to a specific military building in Britain.

DESCRIPTION Among discoveries made in this area is the labyrinth mosaic, the only decorated mosaic which can be assigned to a specific military building in Britain.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003481 SOURCES

04/PM Desc Text//Boon GC/1970/Arch Camb/119 p10-63 02/PM Desc Text//Boon GC/1960/Isca Roman Caerleon/Handbook NMW p17 03/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Monm 29 SW 1/ at Caerleon p304-10 p17 30 05/PM Desc Text//Smith D/1959/Arch Camb 18 pt3/The Labyrinth Mosaic 01/PM Desc Text//Nash Williams VE/1952/Ro Leg Fortress at Caerleon/

PRN 00568g NAME CAERLEON TELEPHONE EXCHANGE NGR ST33949058 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Stone building of residential type. It was constructed late 1st or early 2nd Cnt AD. Apparently subsisted throughout the main period of Roman occupation.

DESCRIPTION Stone building of residential type. It was constructed late 1st or early 2nd Cnt AD. Apparently subsisted throughout the main period of Roman occupation.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000391 SOURCES

02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Monm 29 SW 1/ 01/PM Excav Report///1937/Arch Camb/V92 p324-5

PRN 00569g NAME BASILICA ON SITE OF CAERLEON ENDOWED SCHOOL NGR ST33799065 COMMUNITY Caerleon

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TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Excavated Roman building, beneath Caerleon Endowed School. Interpreted as the basilica excitatoria (drill-hall), although extensive evidence for charcoal and slag at all phases down to 3rd century suggests that it was largely used for metalworking.

DESCRIPTION A building was excavated in the grounds of the endowed school at Caerleon in 1928, originally believed to be a courtyard building but later re-interpreted as a being of basilica form. These excavations revealed a central are flanked to northe (nothwest) and south (southeast) by colonnades, with an external colonnade parallel to them but fronting on the street between insula XIX and insula XXIII. Further excavation in 1986 produced further information. The building is now believed to be a basilica approximately 40m long, constructed in stone cAD75 making it one of the few masonry buildings to date back to the foundation of the fortress. This dating is based on a coin, probably of Vespasian and dating to AD71, and from the fact that no evidence was found that it had been preceeded by any other construction on the site, merely by a few pits, possibly latrine pits, containing rubbish. Externally, the building was flanked by covered porticoes with gravel-metalled surface, on two sides at least; the one to the south (southeast) was fronted by a stone wall and opened to an alleyway or street, whilst the one on the west (southwest) was timber-framed and openeed onto a metalled yard or wagon-park. The veranda around the basilica was dismantled, probably in the early 2nd century, and thereafter its area served as a narrow open street. The building was probably carefully dismanted in the later 3rd century, and no evidence for 4th century use of the site was found.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000392, GGATE000439

SOURCES Article Nash-Williams, V E 1929 The Caerleon excavations 01/PM Excav Report//Nash Williams VE/1929/Arch Camb/V84 p144-96 03/pm desc text//Boon GC/1963/Bull Board Celtic Stud/20 pt 2 169-71 02/pm desc text//Boon GC/1964/archaeol Cambrensis/113 p16-20 03/pm desc text///1965/RIB/330 394

PRN 00570g NAME CAERLEON CHURCHYARD EXTENSION NGR ST33959070 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Churchyard extension 1908. A building of residential characters otherwise identity was not established. Coin evidence showed the building was in use in c.350

DESCRIPTION Churchyard extension 1908. A building of residential characters otherwise identity was not established. Coin evidence showed the building was in use in c.350AD.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000393

SOURCES

02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Monm 29 SW 1/ 01/PM Desc Text//Nash Williams VE/1952/Ro Leg Fortress Caerleon/p25 03/PM List//Collingwood & Wright RG&RP/1965/The Roman Inscriptions 04/Excav Report//White E/1908/Liverpool Committee Report/p72 of Britain/V1 RIB321 p110

PRN 00571g NAME CAERLEON PARADE GROUND NGR ST33689043 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Parade ground, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Legionary fortress enclosure on SW revealed occupation military in character. Associated with timber barracks established apparently to accommodate 2nd Aug.Legion.

DESCRIPTION Legionary fortress enclosure on SW revealed occupation military in character. Associated with timber barracks established apparently to accommodate 2nd Aug.Legion.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000394 SOURCES

Troubles 02/MM Record Card/OS//1957/Monm 29 SW 1/ 01/PM Excav Text//Nash Williams VE/1955/Journal Ro Studies/V45 p122 05/PM Mention//Boon GC/1983/Britannia 14/Potters Oculists & Eye V18 p191-3 04/PM Desc Text/Journal of Ro Studies/Wright RP/1963/Inscriptions/ V5 p162-3 03/PM Desc Text//Collingwood & Taylor RG&MV/1928/Journal Ro Studies/

PRN 00573g NAME CAERLEON PARADE GROUND NGR ST33519048 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Wall, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Remains of massive precinct wall aligned parallel with the larger side of the fortress were found separating a probable parade ground and the Civil Settlement.

DESCRIPTION Remains of massive precinct wall aligned parallel with the larger side of the fortress were found separating a probable parade ground and the Civil Settlement.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 571g GGATE000395

SOURCES

04/PM Excav Report//Boon GC/1959/JRS/V49 p103 02/PM Excav Report//Nash Williams VE/1956/JRS/V46 p121-2 01/PM Excav Report//Nash Williams VE/1955/JRS/V45 p122 06/MM Record Card/OS//1967/Monm 29 SW 1/ 05/PM Desc Text//Boon GC/1960/Isca Caerleon/Handbook NMW p19 36 03/PM Mention///1955/Arch News Letter/V5 no11 p122 07/PM Note//Wilson DR/1963/JRS/No53 p125-6

PRN 00574g NAME CAERLEON BOON58 NGR ST33649032 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Granary, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 3 sets of timber buildings, ca.AD 75-100 the 2nd was probably used as a grain store, were replaced by stone structures of 2 periods, probably c.AD 130 & AD 210/20

DESCRIPTION 3 sets of timber buildings, ca.AD 75-100, the 2nd was probably used as a grain store, were replaced by stone structures of 2 periods, probably c.AD 130 & AD 210/20

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000396

SOURCES

02/PM Desc Text//Boon GC/1960/Isca/p13 36 01/pm desc text///1959/J Roman Stud/49 p102-3

PRN 00575g NAME VICARAGE GARDEN NGR ST33999055 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Large administrative building dating from ca.AD 100-10 to AD 293-6, lay to the NE.of the via praetoria, of which metallings and a roadside drain were noted.

DESCRIPTION Large administrative building dating from ca.AD 100-10 to AD 293-6, lay to the NE.of the via praetoria, of which metallings and a roadside drain were noted.

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 3621g GGATE000397 SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 01/pm desc text//Boon GC/1970/archaeol Cambrensis/119 p10-63

PRN 00576g NAME WHITE HART LANE NGR ST34079042 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Documented Roman building, partly excavated in 1938.

DESCRIPTION Documented Roman building, partly excavated in 1938.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000398

SOURCES

01/pm desc text//Nash Williams/1939/Archaeol Cambrensis/94 p00

PRN 00577g NAME PRYSG FIELD NGR ST33689061 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Coin hoard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Coin hoard found during excavations at Prysg field, Caerleon. DESCRIPTION Coin hoard found during excavations at Prysg field, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 00578g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST33689061 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Coin hoard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman coin hoard found at Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman coin hoard found at Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 00579g NAME PRYSG FIELD NGR ST33669059 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Coin hoard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman coin hoard found during excavations at Prysg Field, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman coin hoard found during excavations at Prysg Field, Caerleon.

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 00580g NAME ROMAN COIN HOARD MYRTLE COTTAGE NGR ST34189062 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, findspot, RANK: 0 SUMMARY Roman coin hoard found at Myrtle Cottage, Caerleon. DESCRIPTION Roman coin hoard found at Myrtle Cottage, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062

PRN 00581g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST33709069 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Coin hoard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman coin hoard found at Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman coin hoard found at Caerleon. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 00582g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST33619063 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Coin hoard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman coin hoard found at Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman coin hoard found at Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 00583g NAME CAERLEON ELECTRICITY SUBSTATION NGR ST33919073 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Coin hoard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman coin hoard found at Caerleon.

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DESCRIPTION Roman coin hoard found at Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 00584g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress NGR ST337906 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Duplicate PRN see 00514g. DESCRIPTION Duplicate PRN see 00514g.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM230 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95647 GGATE001050

SOURCES

04/Desc Text/GGAT/Letter: Caerleon Scheduled Monument Enhancement/1988/Copy in further information file. /Desc Text/Application for Scheduled Monument Consent/CADW/2007 01/Desc Text/Cadw/ Full Management Report/2006/ Copy in further information file 01/Desc Text/Cadw/Application for Scheduled Monument Consent/2007 Copy in further information file.

PRN 00585g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST3490 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Six inscribed stones (RIB 331) found at Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Six inscribed stones (RIB 331) found at Caerleon. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/331

PRN 00586g NAME MALPAS ROAD NGR ST33469073 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Bath house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Traces of buildings on the lane leading to Malpas; RIB 346 (PRN 609g) was built into the wall. Originally recorded as Roman but now interpreted as a post-medieval bath house.

DESCRIPTION Traces of buildings on the lane leading to Malpas; RIB 346 (PRN 609g) was built into the wall. Originally recorded as Roman but now interpreted as a post-medieval bath house.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/ph mention//Lee JE/1845//

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PRN 00587g NAME POSSIBLE BATH BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE NGR ST33759017 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Bath house, RANK: 2 Roman, building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 'In the next field to the amphitheatre towards the river traces of buildings are very distinctly seen. The foundations proving to be those of a bath probably cold or tepid, together with drains for supplying them with water.'

DESCRIPTION A building presumed to be baths was excavated in the field adjacent to the amphitheatre at Caerleon in 1843: 'In the next field to the amphitheatre, towards the river, on the same side as the Broadway, traces of buildings are very distinctly seen; and some years since a considerable excavation was made there by the late Sir Digby Mackworth. Nothing, however, was found of any great interest, the foundations proving to be those of a bath probably cold or tepid, together with drains for supplying them with water.' The only datable find that has been recorded was a coin of Hadrian (Lee 1862, 128). The description of the baths as being 'cold or tepid' seems to indicate that no evidence for a hypocaust or flues was noted. Given the fact that Roman bathing practice invariably involved heated rooms, it seems unlikely that the buildings discovered by Mackworth actually were Roman baths. The two most likely possibilities are that either the building was some other Roman structure that included water/drainage facilities, or that it was a post-medieval bath-house. The position plotted is that marked on the 1st edn OS map as 'Baths, site of'. Presumably the OS surveyors, working in the 1870s, used reliable local knowledge to fix this.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000377 SOURCES Book Lee J E 1862 Isca Silurum (London) 02/pm mention//Zienkiewicz DJ/1986/Fortress Baths/36 01/ph desc text//Lee JE/1845/deliniations of-/;

PRN 00588g NAME CAERLEON AMPHITHEATRE BATHS A NGR ST33799033 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Bath house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Part of a bath-building adjacent to the amphitheatre at Caerleon, which is on a different alignment from other, adjacent, bath-building structures (Baths H = PRN 00588g).

DESCRIPTION Part of a bath-building adjacent to the amphitheatre at Caerleon, which is on a different alignment from other, adjacent, bath-building structures (Baths H = PRN 00588g). The remains of Baths A were backfilled after the excavation, but still lie within the boundary of the scheduled/guardianship area. These structures were excavated as part of the amphitheatre excavation project of the 1920s (Wheeler and Wheeler 1928, 144-5). The two fragments of bath-building (referred to by the Wheelers as Baths A and H, because they are adjacent to amphitheatre entrances A and H respectively) are usually interpreted as belonging to separate buildings because of the different alignments and rather different histories, but could be part of the same one: the difference in alignment is not conclusive (cf the corridor building, Nash-Williams's Building VII; Gazetteer C19). The main reason for supposing that the Amphitheatre Baths were military is the stamped tile found there (Boon 1970, 60; 1984, 49); identification as the main fortress baths can no longer be sustained now that these are known to lie within the defences. The furnace arch still visible (Baths H) may be 'evidently of legionary construction (Zienkiewicz 1986a, 36), but this does not necessarily mean that it was exclusively for military use, legionary builders are known to have been employed in the construction of public building for civilian use within their spheres of operations. Since the large, elaborate and well-appointed Fortress Baths dated to the foundation of the fortress and may have been amongst the earliest buildings constructed (Zienkiewicz 1986a, 37-8), it is a moot point as to whether there was any further need to provide the soldiers with baths. There is no reason therefore why the initial provision of the Amphitheatre Baths need have been for the army, nor why the restoration which provided Antonine stamped tiles for the roof should prove military ownership. Evans 2000, 494-5

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM232 , guardianship ancient monument MM232 CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000399 SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report no.2006/025 Article Wheeler, R E M and Wheeler, T V 1928, The Roman amphitheatre at Caerleon, Mon

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Report Evans, E.M. 1995 Broadway Farm, Caerleon: Appraisal 365 95/03 02/pm desc text//Zienkiewicz JD/1986/Fortress Baths/p36 01/pm desc text//Wheeler REM/1928/Archaeologia/78 p113 GGAT Assessment Broadway Farm A240

PRN 00589g NAME CAERLEON AMPHITHEATRE BATHS H NGR ST33819030 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Bath house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Part of a bath-building adjacent to the amphitheatre at Caerleon, which is on a different alignment from other, adjacent, bath-building structures (Baths A = PRN 00587g).

DESCRIPTION Part of a bath-building adjacent to the amphitheatre at Caerleon, which is on a different alignment from other, adjacent, bath-building structures (Baths A = PRN 00587g). These structures were excavated as part of the amphitheatre excavation project of the 1920s (Wheeler and Wheeler 1928, 144-5). A small part of Baths H can still be seen alongside the amphitheatre. The two fragments of bath-building (referred to by the Wheelers as Baths A and H, because they are adjacent to amphitheatre entrances A and H respectively) are usually interpreted as belonging to separate buildings because of the different alignments and rather different histories, but could be part of the same one: the difference in alignment is not conclusive (cf the corridor building, Nash-Williams's Building VII; Gazetteer C19). Baths H is tha larger fragment. It was constructed c AD 70-85, provided with a new furnace at the same time as the amphitheatre was refurbished in the first half of the 2nd century (originally dated to c AD 125, but subsequently revised to AD 140 or later). It was then demolished, probably shortly afterwards but certainly before the early 3rd century. (Evans 1995) See PRN 00587g for a more extended discussion of the Amphitheatre Baths complex.

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM232 , guardianship ancient monument MM232 CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000400, GGATE000440 SOURCES

GGAT Assessment Broadway Farm A240 02/pm desc text/Zienkiewicz JD/1986/Fortress Baths/36 01/pm desc text/Wheeler REM/1928/Archaeologia/78 p145-6;

PRN 00590g NAME Caerleon Fortress NGR ST33949063 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The Roman fortress of Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION The Roman fortress of Caerleon. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM232 CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003482 SOURCES

PRN 00591g NAME BEAR HOUSE FIELD BUILDING I NGR ST33599037 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman building found at Bear House Field, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman building found at Bear House Field, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000401

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1954/J Roman Stud/45 p122

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PRN 00592g NAME BEAR HOUSE FIELD BUILDING VII NGR ST33519045 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman building at Bear House Field, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman building at Bear House Field, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 3787g

SOURCES

01/pm mention///J Roman Stud/1956/46 p122

PRN 00593g NAME BEAR HOUSE FIELD BUILDING VIII NGR ST33419062 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman building at Bear House Field, Caerleon. DESCRIPTION Roman building at Bear House Field, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000402

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1955/J Roman Studies/46 fig20

PRN 00594g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Field SE of Broadway NGR ST3385190475 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM237 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95656

SOURCES

PRN 00595g NAME TEMPLE OF DIANA NGR ST33729048 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Temple, RANK: 2 Roman, inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Two inscriptions and statue fragment(s) indicate a temple of Diana in the area of the ampitheatre at Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Two inscriptions and statue fragment(s) indicate a temple of Diana in the area of the ampitheatre at Caerleon. The inscription (RIB 316) reads 'T(itus) Fl(auius) [V]arus u(ir) c(larissimus) leg(atus) / templ(um) Dianae / resitituit' (Titus Postumius Varus, senator and legate, restored the temple of Diana).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

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SOURCES

02/pm desc text//Brewer RJ/1986/CSIR/nos 99 (100) 101 01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/no316 335

PRN 00599g NAME LLANTARNAM PARK LODGE NGR ST32959105 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0 DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 00600g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST33299120 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Neolithic, Axe, RANK: 1 SUMMARY greenstone axe

DESCRIPTION greenstone axe Undated. One tool type and material, Number not known. No function ascribed. Exposure not specified. GGAT 66 Lithics survey 2000.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 00601g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST33509125 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman inscribed stone (RIB 378) found at Caerleon. DESCRIPTION Roman inscribed stone (RIB 378) found at Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/378

PRN 00602g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST33159095 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman inscribed stone (RIB 358) found at Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman inscribed stone (RIB 358) found at Caerleon. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/358

PRN 00603g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST33749014 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman inscribed stone (RIB 361) found at Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman inscribed stone (RIB 361) found at Caerleon. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 00604g NAME RAILWAY STREET NGR ST33849098 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inhumation, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman stone coffin found at Railway Street, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman stone coffin found at Railway Street, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/record card/OS

PRN 00605g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST33689099 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Cist, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Cist possibly site of Roman burial DESCRIPTION Cist possibly site of Roman burial

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/mm record card/OS/

PRN 00606g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST33539110 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Coffin, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Lead coffin found, together with sherds of coarse ware pottery.

DESCRIPTION Lead coffin found, together with sherds of coarse ware pottery. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 00607g NAME NANT Y MILWYR / CAERLEON AQUEDUCT NGR ST328918, ST314925, ST334918 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Aqueduct, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Postulated Roman aqueduct channelling water from the Dowlais Brook to the fortress at Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Three sets of grid reference: ST328918 - ST334918 and ST314925 An intermittent earthwork (PRN 4358g), has been identified as a Roman aqueduct channelling water from the Dowlais Brook to Caerleon, although this has not been confirmed by ground truthing. If it is an aqueduct, it may well be the upper reaches of the feature described by Harris and have formed part of the water supply for the fortress at Caerleon and its baths. A source for the aqueduct or aqueducts supplying Caerleon has been postulated at the fringes of the South Wales Coalfield 8km northwest of Caerleon; analysis of sediment from the baths has revealed fragments of coal, some showing signs of water action. The aqueduct can first be seen at NGR ST 3140 9254, but it is lost where it is overlain by Malthouse Road at NGR ST 3178 9246. The medieval motte at Graig Wood overlies a linear embankment, possibly part of this aqueduct. The route is assumed to roughly follow the 30m contour line and is next seen clearly on the ground at NGR ST 3240 9183, where it crosses a depression, and thence intermittently along the contour line to NGR ST 3326 9187, where it is lost. (Source 03) The find of a Roman aqueduct (PRN 0607g), is described by the Revd. William Harris writing in 1773: "Bricks all black, and subterranean leaden pipes, which conveyed water from the hill on the north side, were taken up several years ago, by ? Tompkins esq; late proprietor of the ground. I have heard, that a Roman bath was lately discovered in the next field; but the proprietor would not permit it to be opened. Harris clearly describes a structure of some significance and one that could be an aqueduct but could equally be some other remains. If the hill referred to is Lodge Hill then these could be located to the north of Caerleon or on the north side of the hill. "An attractive possibility (for water to baths), is the stream into which several springs unite at Coed Eva, ... suggestively known as Nant-y-Milwyr 'Soldiers' Brook'." (Zienkiewicz, 1986, The Legionary Fortress baths at Caerleon, P344.)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657

SOURCES

01/PM/Desc text//Nash-Williams/VE/1952/Roman legionary fortress at Caerleon/p22 02/PM/Desc text/Harris/W/1773/Arch/vol2/p7 03/PM/desc text/Yates/AM/1998/Archaeological desk-based assessment: Land at Park Farm, Caerleon, Monmouthshire. GGAT unpublished report no 98/060/pp5,6 04/PM/desc text/Zienkiewicz/JD/1986/The Legionary Fortress Baths at Caerleon. Vol 1: The Buildings/344

PRN 00608g NAME PRYSG FIELD NGR ST33679062 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Coin hoard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman coin hoard found during excavations at Prysg Field, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman coin hoard found during excavations at Prysg Field, Caerleon. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 00609g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST33469073 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Building stone (RIB 346). PRN also includes 2 stones found in 1970 in a similar area.

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DESCRIPTION Building stone (RIB 346). PRN also includes 2 stones found in 1970 in a similar area.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/346 354; 02/pm desc text///1971/Britannia/2 p290

PRN 00610g NAME BEAR HOUSE FIELD BUILDING II NGR ST33599037 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman building found on Bear House Field, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman building found on Bear House Field, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000403

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1955/J Roman Stud/45 p122

PRN 00611g NAME BEAR HOUSE FIELD BUILDING III NGR ST33599037 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman building found on Bear House Field, Caerleon. DESCRIPTION Roman building found on Bear House Field, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000404

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1955/J Roman Stud/45 p122

PRN 00612g NAME BEAR HOUSE FIELD BUILDING IIII NGR ST33599037 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman building found on Bear House Field, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman building found on Bear House Field, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000405 SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1955/45 p122

PRN 00613g NAME BEAR HOUSE FIELD BUILDING V NGR ST33599037 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1

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SUMMARY Roman building found on Bear House Field, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman building found on Bear House Field, Caerleon. CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000406 SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1955/J Rom Stud/45 p122

PRN 00614g NAME BEAR HOUSE FIELD BUILDING VI NGR ST33599037 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman building found on Bear House Field, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Roman building found on Bear House Field, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000407

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1955/J Roman Stud/45 p122

PRN 00615g NAME BEAR HOUSE FIELD BUILDING VII NGR ST33519045 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Coin hoard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman coin hoard found at Building VII on Bear House Field, Caerleon. DESCRIPTION Roman coin hoard found at Building VII on Bear House Field, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 592g

SOURCES

PRN 00639g NAME ST JOHN'S WELL NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Medieval, Well, RANK: 1 SUMMARY St John's Well at Caerleon; one of Jones's Class A wells (wells bearing the names of saints.Trinity, God, Holy Innocents, Easter).

DESCRIPTION St John's Well at Caerleon (Jones 1954, 194); one of Jones's Class A wells (wells bearing the names of saints.Trinity, God, Holy Innocents, Easter). Evans 2003: GGAT 73 Early-Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project database

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Jones, F 1954 The Holy wells of Wales GG.9121.JON Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project

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PRN 00647g NAME PONT SADWRN NGR ST34229116 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Bridge, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A bridge called Pont Sadwrn carrying the Usk road across the Afon Lwyd was originally constructed before 1622.

DESCRIPTION A bridge called Pont Sadwrn carrying the Usk road across the Afon Lwyd was originally constructed before 1622.

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003278, GGATE003743 SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01

PRN 00648g NAME Bridge, Carleon NGR ST34219127 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Bridge, RANK: 1 SUMMARY An undated record shows that there was six courses of 16th or 17th century brick work visible on the left bank . Although no remains where visible when the site was visited in 1957.

DESCRIPTION An undated record shows that there was six courses of 16th or 17th century brick work visible on the left bank . Although no remains where visible when the site was visited in 1957.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 24224 SOURCES

PRN 00649g NAME ROMAN CEMETERY CAERLEON USK ROAD NGR ST34669125 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Cemetery, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Six or seven stone sarcophagi were found in the cutting for an abortive railway off Usk Road, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Six or seven stone sarcophagi were found in the cutting for an abortive railway off Usk Road, Caerleon. Associated pottery, jewellery and an inscription (RIB 356) were also recorded. (01 Evans)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 4455g 5008g GGATE001386, GGATE001442, GGATE003278, GGATE003743, GGATE001657

SOURCES Evans, E M 2004 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical sites in Southeast Wales: Rapid field survey of selected sites 1346 Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01

PRN 00650g NAME ST HENNWG'S NGR ST34899144 COMMUNITY Llanhennock TYPE Unknown, Church, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tradition of a church in Llanhennock parish built by Taliesin and dedicated either to his father, St Hennwg, or to St Gwynnog.

DESCRIPTION Tradition of a church in Llanhennock parish built by Taliesin and dedicated either to his father, St Hennwg, or to St Gwynnog. Supposed to be located near the confluence of the Sor Brook and the Riover Usk (OS

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card ST 39 SW 40). Evans 2003: GGAT 73 Early-Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project database

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003278

SOURCES

Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project

PRN 00651g NAME PONT SOAR NGR ST34649189 COMMUNITY Llanhennock TYPE Post-Medieval, Bridge, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A survey of the manor of Caerleon, in 1622, refers to 'the bridge called Pont Soar which lieth in the high wain that cadeth from Caerleon to Lanhenock's church. The church was again refered to in a survey of 1677.

DESCRIPTION A survey of the manor of Caerleon, in 1622, refers to 'the bridge called Pont Soar which lieth in the high wain that cadeth from Caerleon to Lanhenock's church. The church was again refered to in a survey of 1677.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 00652g NAME Penrhos Camp NGR ST34209180 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Fort, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Civil War fort - square in plan with five bastions now traceable, one each on W and S sides with flanks perpendicular to the curtain, and three angle bastions.

DESCRIPTION Civil War fort - square in plan with five bastions now traceable, one each on W and S sides with flanks perpendicular to the curtain, and three angle bastions, one now nearly ploughed away but originally probably all diamond shaped set obliquely to the corners. The remains of the fort are situated in several fields to the W of Penrhos Farm, on the top of a spur overlooking the Usk Valley. They consist for the most part of earthwork bastions at the corners of the square fort, with sections of bank in between. Along the SW side, SE of the farmhouse, there is a slight scarp.

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM011 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 93390

SOURCES

01/PM List/Cadw/AM107 02/Desc Text/Cadw/Full Management Report/2005/Copy in further information file

PRN 00653g NAME ST AARON'S CHAPEL NGR ST34139177 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Chapel, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Possible location for the chapel of St Aaron noted in antiquarian literature.

DESCRIPTION Local tradition at Caerleon places the site of St Aaron's chapel at Penrhos, but this may be a mis-interpretation of the antiquarian evidence. The chapel of St Aaron has had a rather shadowy existence in the archaeological and antiquarian literature. St Aaron, with St Julian, was one of the two saints martyred in the Diocletianic persecutions at a location which has generally been accepted as Caerleon (Boon 1992, 11-2). The mid 19th century Monmouthshire antiquary Octavius Morgan places St Aarons on the outskirts of Caerleon: 'Rev Canon Edwards has kindly superintended an excavation in a field near the copper-field, half a mile from Caerleon on the Usk Road, in the hope of discovering the chapel of St Aaron (who was martyred here with St Julius in the Diocletianic persecution), which is believed to have been in this direction. Some small pieces of window glass and plaster and

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foundations of walls and of mortar floor were found, but nothing to indicate the nature of the building' (Morgan 1882, iv). Examination of the tithe map indicates that the field called the Copper Field is centred at ST34509117 just above a bend in the River Usk, close to, but not on, the boundary with Christchurch. It is quarter-circle in shape, but the curve may be the result of the natural topography, since it is part of a rounded knoll rising above the river. Nothing can be seen of any continuation of the curve as a boundary or former boundary to the east either on the ground or in the geophysical survey which was carried out in 1989; to the north the site has been built over, but there was no evidence on the tithe map. Fields in this area adjacent to both sides of the road are recorded as belonging to the church, the Copper Field itself which is listed at the end of the apportionment after the church and churchyard and marked as being in hand, and eight fields forming part of the glebe. This was one of the cemeteries for Roman Caerleon (PRN 00649g), discovered when six or seven stone sarcophagi and associated pottery and jewellery and an inscription (RIB 356) were found in the cutting for an abortive railway in the 19th century. This cutting is still traceable immediately north of the Copper Field, though it has now been partially filled in. Other Roman burials (in this case cremations) have been noted over the road at Twyn Oaks (PRN 00658g). This makes it a credible location for the growth of a cult over the grave of one or both martyrs, separate from the cult at the place of martyrdom. (01 Evans) The Book of Llandaff entry suggests that the martyrs were honoured together at a site on the east bank of the Usk (Merthir Iun et Aaron PRN 00604g); the details of their passio suggests that this may have been the site of the martyrdom (Boon 1992, 11-2).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001386, GGATE001442

SOURCES Evans, E M 2004 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical sites in Southeast Wales: Rapid field survey of selected sites 1346 Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project

PRN 00657g NAME STEMEY BRIDGE NGR ST348917 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Bridge, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A document of 1677 defining "the bounds of the manor of the manor of Edlogan states that it extends from the confluence of the river Usk with the river sore" along the river Sore up to Steney bridge, over the bridge and up along the mill pond of sore.

DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 00658g NAME CAERLEON TWIN OAKS NGR ST3291 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Cemetery, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 'The site of a cemetery is known on the turnpike road to Usk at Twin Oaks. Cremation burials have been found here from time to time, but apparently no tombstones. Perhaps this cemetery is merely an extension of that near Pont Sadwrn [PRN 649g]'

DESCRIPTION 'The site of a cemetery is known on the turnpike road to Usk at Twin Oaks. Cremation burials have been found here from time to time, but apparently no tombstones. Perhaps this cemetery is merely an extension of that near Pont Sadwrn [PRN 649g]'

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657

SOURCES

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PRN 00659g NAME SOR MILL NGR ST34879178 COMMUNITY Llanhennock TYPE Medieval, Mill, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A mill located where the Sor Brook enters the Usk in 1843 (Tithe Map). This is referred to in 1677 and was probably in existence during the fourteenth century.

DESCRIPTION A mill located where the Sor Brook enters the Usk in 1843 (Tithe Map). This is referred to in 1677 and was probably in existence during the fourteenth century.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003743 SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 Book Bradney, J A 1923 A history of Monmouthshire. Vol III pt ii; The Hundred of Usk (part2) Map Rees, W 1932 South Wales and Borders in 14th Century

PRN 00663g NAME Findspot NGR ST3490 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The general location of a 'Silver coin of Burgred lately (paper read 1763) dug up in the gardens of Caerleon. The coin read 'Nion Centred Eta' on the reverse (OS Record Card).

DESCRIPTION The general location of a 'Silver coin of Burgred lately (paper read 1763) dug up in the gardens of Caerleon. The coin read 'Nion Centred Eta' on the reverse (OS Record Card).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Documents OS Record Card

PRN 00738g NAME CAERLEON LEGIONARY FORTRESS: SCHOOL FIELDS NGR ST338905 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001404, GGATE001411, GGATE002273

SOURCES

02/Desc Text/Cadw/Application for Scheduled Monument Consent/2007 Copy in further information file.

PRN 00742g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Car Park and Garden of Endowed School, North of Broadway NGR ST33849055 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0 CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

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STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM252 CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 00807g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Town Hall Park, High Street NGR ST338907 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0 DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM241 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95660

SOURCES

PRN 00808g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Goldcroft Common NGR ST338908 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM233 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95651 SOURCES

PRN 00898g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Grounds of Health Clinic NGR ST338908 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Outer wall line of the Legionary Fortress in the area known as 'Prsyg Field' (GA Makepeace 1997).

DESCRIPTION Outer wall line of the Legionary Fortress in the area known as 'Prsyg Field'. Excavation at the house 'Sandy Gate': No evidence for the wall was found although there was evidence of activity (GA Makepeace 1997).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM245 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95664 GGATE002178

SOURCES Report Makepeace, G.A. 1997 Sandy Gate, Caerleon, Newport, Monmouthshire 516 97/02

PRN 01016.16w NAME CAERLEON - CARDIFF ROMAN ROAD NGR ST32979101 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY (Part of the Loughor-Chepstow Roman road)

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DESCRIPTION (Part of the Loughor-Chepstow Roman road)

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 01016.17w NAME COLDRA FARM NGR ST347900 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A linear feature, 3m wide, flat topped, with sharp drops to the north and south, interpreted as the agger of a Roman road and possibly forming the main eastern route from the fortress at Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION The line to the south of the field boundary proved to be the site of a linear feature, 3m wide, flat topped, with sharp drops to the north and south, interpreted as the agger of a Roman road leading down to Caerleon. On the southern side, traces of a ditch running along the feature were seen, in some places apparently disturbed by later small quarry pits. The feature runs fairly straight and at an even gradient. It is possible that the road served the medieval-post~medieval. quarry at ST 349 900, but a Roman date seems most probable, perhaps connecting to Mein's road Catsash 3. David Zienkiewicz of the Legionary Museum, Caerleon favours this road as the main eastern route from the fortress. Site also discussed in watching brief report A088 a058 Celtic Manor Hotel desktop

CONDITION CONDITION: Near Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003716 DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003714, GGATE003716, GGATE003717

SOURCES Report Locock, M. 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study, Celtic Manor Hotel, Coldra Wood 207 92/02 Report Locock, M. 1992 Archaeological Field Evaluation, Coldra Wood, Christchurch, Gwent. 96 92/02 Report Maynard, D.J. 1993 Archaeological Watching Brief, Celtic Manor Golf Course, Coldra Wood 101 93/02

PRN 01016.1g NAME CAERLEON - CAERWENT ROMAN ROAD NGR ST350903, ST380908 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Likely route for the W end of Margary's Route 60a. DESCRIPTION Likely route for the W end of Margary's Route 60a. From Catsash (ST 3693 9090) westwards follows field boundaries to N of section maked as 'Roman road' by OS as far as point at which drive for Mount St Albans hotel leaves Catsash Road ST 362590 9089, then follows Catsash Rd to ST 3568 9070, thence along field boundaries to Cock-y-North (ST 3500 9017)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-12-15 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000409, GGATE000441, GGATE003279, GGATE003277, GGATE001657

SOURCES

01/PM List/Maynard D/26.2.96/Proposed New Site Notification Form GGAT assessment Coldra woods 1992

PRN 01024g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Old Vicarage Garden NGR ST339906 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

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DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM247 CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE004395

SOURCES

PRN 01102g NAME PENRHOS FARM, CAERLEON NGR ST34209180 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Structural remains of Roman building DESCRIPTION Building materials. 'Possible site of Roman camp'

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657

SOURCES

01/PM/Desc text/Coxe/W/1801/Tour in Monm/p91 02/PM/Desc text/Evans and Britton/J & J/1810/Beauties of England and Wales/Vol II Monm/p138 03/PM/Desc text//Bradney/JA/1923/Hist of Monm/Vol3/pp217-8 04/PM/Desc text/Gabriel/J/1928/Caerleon antiquities/p15 05/MM/Record card/OS///1957/ST 39 SW 42 07/Mention/Davies/JL/1986/Arch Camb/Vol CXXXII/pp89-90

PRN 01203g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Grounds of St Cadoc's Home NGR ST339908 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0 CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM235 CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 01227g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Grounds of the Croft Nursing Home NGR ST339908 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM246 CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

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PRN 01233g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Area off White Hart Lane NGR ST3406390446 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0 DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM243 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95662

SOURCES

PRN 01266g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Area between Priory Hotel and Priory Lodge NGR ST340906 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM236 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95655

SOURCES

01/Desc Text/Cadw/Application for Scheduled Monument Consent/2007 Copy in further information file.

PRN 01269g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Back Garden of No 4 Museum Street NGR ST340906 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0 CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM239 CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 01367g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Area behind Caerleon House NGR ST3409590446 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0 DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM240

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CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 01377g NAME Former Garden of the Firs NGR ST341905 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Scheduled piece of open ground inside the former Roman legionary fortress at Caerleon, situated at the back of Romans Wine Bar on the corner of High Street and Backhall Street.

DESCRIPTION Scheduled piece of open ground inside the former Roman legionary fortress at Caerleon, situated at the back of Romans Wine Bar on the corner of High Street and Backhall Street.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM248 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95701

SOURCES

PRN 01379g NAME Caerleon Legionary Fortress: Area of Myrtle Cottage Barracks NGR ST341906 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0 CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM242 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95661 SOURCES

PRN 01383g NAME ROMAN ACTIVITY IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS (CAMBRIA CLOSE) NGR ST34179089 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, archaeological feature, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Indeterminate deposits of Roman date, possibly continuation of makeup for fortress terrace, discovered during trial excavations.

DESCRIPTION Indeterminate deposits of Roman date, possibly continuation of makeup for fortress terrace. Identified as D18 on Evans 2006 map 1. Discovered during trial excavations on an area of land that had previously formed the western half of the Mill Street allotments. Away from the building remains on the Cambria Close site (PRN 10562g), the excavated deposits did not appear to be structural and no clear boundaries were observed between these contexts, which in one trench had quantities of artefacts, and brick and tile fragments of Roman date, intermixed with sandstone and occasional cobbles. This suggests that a swathe of similar deposits associated with horticultural/agricultural activities extend eastwards from the region from here, for at least 70m, to the previously excavated area at PRN 10852g. The deposits appear to be spread over the slopes between the terrace on which the fortress is built and the lower levels of the floodplain. In addition, the Roman road leaving the east gate of the fortress may act as an eastern boundary for these deposits. As no evidence for structures came to light east of PRN 10562g, it is still considered likely that an open space was maintained between the fortress walls and civilian development. The apparent lack of archaeological remains in the centre of the site suggests that Roman settlement boundaries followed the shape of the road system, and that individual buildings fronted the roads, with no development having taken place to the rear of those buildings. Alternatively alluvial clay deposits, observed in two of the other trenches may be interpreted as flooding or a pond, perhaps a fishpond. The mortar spread in one of these is not likely to be of Roman date but the underlying surface of clay and sandstone may represent an extension of the plateau. It is possible that an area had to be extended and built up on the outside of the east gate to give a wider and flatter area immediately outside the walls. (Tuck 2005, 12-16).

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-11-08 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM262 CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 10562g, associated PRN 10852g, associated PRN 05131g GGATE003278, GGATE002310, GGATE002311

SOURCES Report Tuck, M 2005 Land off Cambria Close, Caerleon, Newport: Archaeological field evaluation. GGAT report 2005/015 /Letter/Application for Scheduled Monument consent/Kevern R/2008

PRN 02210g NAME CAERLEON FORTRESS BATHS / BACK HALL STREET NGR ST34039057 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Bath house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Part of a tessellated pavement found during sewage work in 1877, at Back Hall Street, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Part of a tessellated pavement found during sewage work in 1877, at Back Hall Street, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-16 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 2981g GGATE001411

SOURCES

01/pm desc text/Zienkiewcz JD/1986/Caerleon Fortress Baths/

PRN 02290g NAME ALTAR TO JUPITER DOLICHENUS NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, Altar, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman inscribed stone altar. DESCRIPTION Roman inscribed stone altar.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003743, GGATE003920

SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01

PRN 02291g NAME BELMONT NGR ST349897 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Key (locking), RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman bronze key.

DESCRIPTION Roman bronze key.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657 SOURCES Report Evans, E M 2001 Romano-British southeast Wales settlement survey: Final report 726 01/MM/Record card/OS///1958/ST 38 NW 02/PM/Desc text// Lee/JE/1845/Ro antiqs Caerleon/p25 03/PM/Desc text// Lee/JE/1862/Isca Silurum/p67 04/PM/Desc text////1880/Hist facts & trads...Newport etc pt 1/p82 05/MM/Record card/OS//ST 38 NW 79

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PRN 02322g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST33409074 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Tombstone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman inscribed tombstone, with inscription MATVNAC.

DESCRIPTION Roman inscribed tombstone, with inscription MATVNAC.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 02342g NAME Caerleon Roman Gates NGR ST34009075 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, gate, RANK: - SUMMARY Roman Fort was established. The area excavated contains the defensive walls and several structures of up to six phases from the Roman period and one from the early medieval period.

DESCRIPTION The site consists of part of the fortress wall which in places had survived to a height of over 2 meters. Parts of three barrack blocks and a sequence of phases including both timber and stone construction, covering the period 74-75 AD to the mid fourth century. Three main phases of construction of the via sagularis, which abbutted one of the barrack blocks, were identified. The buildings showed signs of being worked on at various different phases. Blocks A and B were the stated as the comparative barrack rooms with size ranging from 8.3sqm to 12.2sqm outside and 12.8sqm to 16.0sqm inside. During the excavation several features were located, including the fortress defences, which had been preserved at a height of 2m and 3.7m wide in the form of a rampart made of sand and clay with signs of turves within the structure. Also structures that backed onto the rampart were excavated with parts of three barrack blocks in both timber and stone phases, and a phase of post-legionary Romano-British occupation. The construction work for the buildings occurred at various times throughout the sites existence with only phase four showing evidence of work on the entire site at once. Additionally several Roman roads were excavated in both the northern and southern half of the site and revealed the primary surface of all the roads as gravel and small cobbles with a few pieces of broken tile.

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001050 SOURCES Book Evans, D. and Metcalf, V 1992 Roman Gates Caerleon Report GGAT 1981 Caerleon Roman Gates 1980-81 Preliminary summary of results 7 78-89/01

PRN 02343g NAME Event record NGR ST33859082 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See Event number E001051

DESCRIPTION See Event number E001051

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 02367g NAME Coldra House NGR ST35628966 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1

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SUMMARY Coldra House was formerly the Lydia Beynon Hospital and dates to the late Victorian period in the 1890s; Sir John Beynon, a coal mangate, commissioned the house which possesses 13 acres with outbuildings and a caretaker's flat (RCAHMW).

DESCRIPTION Coldra House was formerly the Lydia Beynon Hospital and dates to the late Victorian period in the 1890s; Sir John Beynon, a coal mangate, commissioned the house which possesses 13 acres with outbuildings and a caretaker's flat (RCAHMW).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36702

SOURCES RCAHMW National Monuments Record

PRN 02516g NAME 19 High Street NGR ST34189043 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 19 High Street, a former priest's house with attached wall and gates/presbytery, is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon. It was built in 1885 and funded by Robert Wollett of the Mynde, thought to be designed by Graham, Son and Hitchcock and has been very little altered since its construction (Cadw Listed Buildings Description).

DESCRIPTION 19 High Street, a former priest's house with attached wall and gates/presbytery, is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon. It was built in 1885 and funded by Robert Wollett of the Mynde, thought to be designed by Graham, Son and Hitchcock and has been very little altered since its construction (Cadw Listed Buildings Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 26125 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02522g NAME CAERLEON PRIORY NGR ST340905 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Head of Attis DESCRIPTION Head of Attis CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

03/pm desc text//Brewer RJ/1986/CISR/no17

PRN 02523g NAME LEAD CURSE TABLET FROM CAERLEON AMPHITHEATRE (RIB 323) NGR ST338903 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed object, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Fragment of lead with inscription of roman curse DESCRIPTION A lead plate, broken at one side, found in the northen part of the amphiteatre at Caerleon during excavations. It is pierced by two nail holes for attcahment, and bears the inscription in cursive writing : 'Dom(in)na Ne / mesis do ti / bi palleum / et galliculas / qui tulit non / reimat ni / uita Snaguinei / sui' = 'Lady Nemesis, I give you a cloak and a pair of boots. Let the person who wore them not redeem them except with the life of his Blood Red

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(horse).'

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95650, associated PRN 00550g, RIB 323 GGATE000388

SOURCES Book Collingwood, R G, and Wright, R P 1965 The Roman inscriptions of Britain vol1 Boon, G.C. 1964 Monmouthshire Antiquary vol ? Pt 4 p129 herrig, m 1970 britannia vol 1 p264 Herrig, m 1979 BBCS vol28 pp317-8

PRN 02525g NAME Wall at Castle Street and Mill Street NGR ST34299053 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Wall, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The battlemented Wall at Castle Street and Mill Street were constructed in the 19th century and comprises coursed rubble rising to about 20 feet and running around the remains of a Norman motte (Welsh Office 1972).

DESCRIPTION The battlemented Wall at Castle Street and Mill Street were constructed in the 19th century and comprises coursed rubble rising to about 20 feet and running around the remains of a Norman motte (Welsh Office 1972).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Newport Borough (Part) Gwent

PRN 02526g NAME No 5 Backhall Street NGR ST3406390756 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The location of No. 5 Backhall street; the site comprises an early 19th century pebble dashed two storeyed house with three sash windows with glazed bars , a central panelled door (Welsh Office 1972).

DESCRIPTION The location of No. 5 Backhall street; the site comprises an early 19th century pebble dashed two storeyed house with three sash windows with glazed bars , a central panelled door (Welsh Office 1972).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2950 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 02527g NAME No 6 Backhall Street NGR ST34059074 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 6 Blackhall Street is situated about 150m north east of the Church of St Cadoc; it is noted that the design of this building suggests that it 'may be an early, even 17th century, house, which was heightened and divided in two in the early/mid 19th century. Its external character is now very largely 19th century, but the clues to an earlier origin are the unevenly spaced windows, the steeply pitched roof and the added stack to the right suggesting that what is now No 6 was unheated until division in the mid 19th century' (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 6 Blackhall Street is situated about 150m north east of the Church of St Cadoc; it is noted that the design of this building suggests that it 'may be an early, even 17th century, house, which was heightened and divided in two in the early/mid 19th century. Its external character is now very largely 19th century, but the clues to an earlier origin are the unevenly spaced windows, the steeply pitched roof and the added stack to the right suggesting that what is now No 6 was unheated until division in the mid 19th century' (Cadw Listed Building

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Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2951 II CROSS REFERENCES Associated with 02528g

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02528g NAME No 7 Backhall Street NGR ST34049073 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 7 Blackhall Street is situated about 150m north east of the Church of St Cadoc; it is noted that the design of this building suggests that it 'may be an early, even 17th century, house, which was heightened and divided in two in the early/mid 19th century. Its external character is now very largely 19th century, but the clues to an earlier origin are the unevenly spaced windows, the steeply pitched roof and the added stack to the right suggesting that what is now No 6 was unheated until division in the mid 19th century' (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 7 Blackhall Street is situated about 150m north east of the Church of St Cadoc; it is noted that the design of this building suggests that it 'may be an early, even 17th century, house, which was heightened and divided in two in the early/mid 19th century. Its external character is now very largely 19th century, but the clues to an earlier origin are the unevenly spaced windows, the steeply pitched roof and the added stack to the right suggesting that what is now No 6 was unheated until division in the mid 19th century' (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2951 II CROSS REFERENCES Associated with 02527g

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02531g NAME No 20 Backhall Street NGR ST34099060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The location of No. 20 Backhall street; the site comprises an early 18th century roughcast to rubble walled, two storeyed house two doors (one panelled and wood eaves (Welsh Office 1972).

DESCRIPTION The location of No. 20 Backhall street; the site comprises an early 18th century roughcast to rubble walled, two storeyed house two doors (one panelled and wood eaves (Welsh Office 1972).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 02532g NAME No 21 Backhall Street NGR ST34089060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The location of No. 21 Backhall street; the site comprises an early 18th century roughcast to rubble walled, two storeyed house two doors (one panelled and wood eaves (Welsh Office 1972).

DESCRIPTION The location of No. 21 Backhall street; the site comprises an early 18th century roughcast to rubble walled, two storeyed house two doors (one panelled and wood eaves (Welsh Office 1972).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

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STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 02533g NAME No 22 Backhall Street NGR ST34089061 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No 22 Backhall Street was constructed in the early 19th century and comprises two storeys; key features include roughcast, three sash windows with glazing bars, central fielded panel door with cantilevered hood and a slate roof (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION No 22 Backhall Street was constructed in the early 19th century and comprises two storeys; key features include roughcast, three sash windows with glazing bars, central fielded panel door with cantilevered hood and a slate roof (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Newport Borough (Part) Gwent

PRN 02534g NAME The Cottage, Backhall Street NGR ST34079062 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The Cottage, Backhall Street is an 18th century pebble dashed cottage with two small sashes without glazing bars, a modern central door and a steep slate roof with gable ends (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION The Cottage, Backhall Street is an 18th century pebble dashed cottage with two small sashes without glazing bars, a modern central door and a steep slate roof with gable ends (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Newport Borough (Part) Gwent

PRN 02535g NAME Back Hall, Backhall Street NGR ST3406490630 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The Hall, Backhall Street, is located about 110m east of the church of St Cadoc; key features of the probably late C18 house which was greatly extended at the rear in the 'Lakeland' manner of C A Voysey in c1910 include an extension built by the Morgan family( who ran a Boarding School for Young Ladies in the house). This closed in 1925, with the last of the Morgans dying in 1945 (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION The Hall, Backhall Street, is located about 110m east of the church of St Cadoc; key features of the probably late C18 house which was greatly extended at the rear in the 'Lakeland' manner of C A Voysey in c1910 include an extension built by the Morgan family( who ran a Boarding School for Young Ladies in the house). This closed in 1925, with the last of the Morgans dying in 1945 (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2955 II CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

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Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02536g NAME Back Hall Railings and Gate NGR ST34069064 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Wall, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Back Hall Railings and Gate are early 19th century plain iron railings with a gate re-set in the late 20th century (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION Back Hall Railings and Gate are early 19th century plain iron railings with a gate re-set in the late 20th century (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2956 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02537g NAME No 26 Backhall Street NGR ST34049065 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Shop, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The location of No. 26 Backhall street; the 19th century pebble dashed building is two storeys with six sash windows with glazing bars and exposed cases, a small shop window s with mullions and horizontal bars and a slate roof with gabled ends (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION The location of No. 26 Backhall street; the 19th century pebble dashed building is two storeys with six sash windows with glazing bars and exposed cases, a small shop window s with mullions and horizontal bars and a slate roof with gabled ends (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 02538g NAME No 27 Backhall Street NGR ST3404090652 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Shop, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 27 Blackhall Street is situated about 100m east of the Church of St Cadoc at the junction of Backhall Street and Museum Street; the strucuture is of early 19th century character but most likely 18th century in origin - it is noted that it was built before the other houses in the row (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 27 Blackhall Street is situated about 100m east of the Church of St Cadoc at the junction of Backhall Street and Museum Street; the strucuture is of early 19th century character but most likely 18th century in origin - it is noted that it was built before the other houses in the row (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2957 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02539g NAME Red Lion NGR ST34079072 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Public house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Backhall street

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DESCRIPTION Backhall street

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2958 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 20743

SOURCES

PRN 02540g NAME No 1 Castle Street NGR ST34259047 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 1 Castle Street comprises an early 18th century (or earlier) rough cast two storeyed house with four casement windows, mostly modern (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION No. 1 Castle Street comprises an early 18th century (or earlier) rough cast two storeyed house with four casement windows, mostly modern (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Newport Borough (Part) Gwent

PRN 02541g NAME No 2 Castle Street NGR ST34249046 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 2 Castle Street comprises an early 19th century stuccoed two storeyed house with two sash windows with glazing bars and a slightly bowed shop windows with a central door and cornice (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION No. 2 Castle Street comprises an early 19th century stuccoed two storeyed house with two sash windows with glazing bars and a slightly bowed shop windows with a central door and cornice (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 02542g NAME No. 1 Cross Street NGR ST34099060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Site identified as No. 1 Cross Street; key features of the two storeyed early 19th century building include stucco, two sash windows with glazing bars and a slightly bowed shop window (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION Site identified as No. 1 Cross Street; key features of the two storeyed early 19th century building include stucco, two sash windows with glazing bars and a slightly bowed shop window (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Caerleon

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PRN 02543g NAME No. 2 Cross Street NGR ST34109061 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 2 Cross Street comprises an early 19th century stuccoed two storeyed house with three sash windows with glazing bars and an incongruous shop front with large fascia board (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION No. 2 Cross Street comprises an early 19th century stuccoed two storeyed house with three sash windows with glazing bars and an incongruous shop front with large fascia board (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 02544g NAME No. 3 Cross Street NGR ST34119062 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Site identified as No. 3 Cross Street; key features of the 17th century two storeyed building include cement render, three windows including original three light wood mullion windows with ovolo mouldings on the first floor and sashes with marginal panes on the ground floor (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION Site identified as No. 3 Cross Street; key features of the 17th century two storeyed building include cement render, three windows including original three light wood mullion windows with ovolo mouldings on the first floor and sashes with marginal panes on the ground floor (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 02545g NAME No. 9 Cross Street NGR ST34149060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Site identified as No. 9 Cross Street; key features of the early 19th century two storey building include two windows, sashes with glazing bars (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION Site identified as No. 9 Cross Street; key features of the early 19th century two storey building include two windows, sashes with glazing bars (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Caerleon

PRN 02546g NAME No. 10 Cross Street NGR ST34159060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Site identified as No. 10 Cross Street; key features of the early 19th century two storey building include two windows, sashes with glazing bars (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION Site identified as No. 10 Cross Street; key features of the early 19th century two storey building

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include two windows, sashes with glazing bars (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 02547g NAME No. 19 Cross Street NGR ST34079054 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Shop, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 19 Cross Street is situated on the north side of the Market Place in the centre of Caerleon; the site appears to be an early/mid 19th century house with a mid 19th century shop, but it is thought that the building originated as an 18th century single storey cottage later raised and remodelled. It is noted that the owner believes the building dates to 1704; a key most likely dating to the 18th century was found during renovations (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 19 Cross Street is situated on the north side of the Market Place in the centre of Caerleon; the site appears to be an early/mid 19th century house with a mid 19th century shop, but it is thought that the building originated as an 18th century single storey cottage later raised and remodelled. It is noted that the owner believes the building dates to 1704; a key most likely dating to the 18th century was found during renovations (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 26107 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36772

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02548g NAME No. 20 Cross Street NGR ST3407090535 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Shop, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 20 Cross Street is situated on the north side of the Market Place in the centre of Caerleon; this early 19th century building has had little external change since its construction, and key features include a wholly rendered main front (with presumable local rubble stone), red ridge tiles and a red brick chimney (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 20 Cross Street is situated on the north side of the Market Place in the centre of Caerleon; this early 19th century building has had little external change since its construction, and key features include a wholly rendered main front (with presumable local rubble stone), red ridge tiles and a red brick chimney (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2965 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36773, Associated with 02549g

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02549g NAME No. 21 Cross Street NGR ST3407090535 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 21 Cross Street is situated on the north side of Market Place in the centre of Caerleon; part of this structure is early 19th century in date but the rest is most likely 18th century in origin having been remodelled in the 19th century (inserting a shopfront). Little change has occured since the 19th century (Cadw Listed Building Description).

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DESCRIPTION No. 21 Cross Street is situated on the north side of Market Place in the centre of Caerleon; part of this structure is early 19th century in date but the rest is most likely 18th century in origin having been remodelled in the 19th century (inserting a shopfront). Little change has occured since the 19th century (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2965 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36774, Associated with 02548g

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02550g NAME The Firs (Cross Street) NGR ST34079053 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The Firs (Cross Street) is situated on the north side of the Market Place in the centre of Caerleon. Key features of the house, most likely constructed in the 16th century and refurbished in the mid to late 18th century with 19th century alterations, include a punching through of the carriageway to the back yard (1950 done between 1950 and 1974), a cross-passage and a C16 moulded stone doorway (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION The Firs (Cross Street) is situated on the north side of the Market Place in the centre of Caerleon. Key features of the house, most likely constructed in the 16th century and refurbished in the mid to late 18th century with 19th century alterations, include a punching through of the carriageway to the back yard (1950 done between 1950 and 1974), a cross-passage and a C16 moulded stone doorway (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2966 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36848

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02551g NAME Bull Inn : High Street NGR ST34049052 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Inn, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A medieval inn.

DESCRIPTION A medieval inn. CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2967 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062

PRN 02552g NAME No 9. High Street NGR ST34089051 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No 9. High Street is situated on the north side of the Market Place in the centre of Caerleon; the site is probably early 18th century in date and re-windowed in the 18th century, given a double shop front and other alterations in the late 20th century (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No 9. High Street is situated on the north side of the Market Place in the centre of Caerleon; the site is probably early 18th century in date and re-windowed in the 18th century, given a double shop front and other alterations in the late 20th century (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

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STATUS listed building 2968 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 37050 SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02553g NAME No 10 High Street NGR ST34099050 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Shop, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 10 High Street is situated on the nroth side of the Market Place in the centre of Caerleonl; the house is most likely 17th century in origin and was remodelled in the 19th century. Key features inclue a very low ration of window to wall, and a later small shopfront with little alteration since then (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 10 High Street is situated on the nroth side of the Market Place in the centre of Caerleonl; the house is most likely 17th century in origin and was remodelled in the 19th century. Key features inclue a very low ration of window to wall, and a later small shopfront with little alteration since then (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2969 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 37051

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02554g NAME No 15. High Street NGR ST3413690464 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 15 High Street is is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; the 19th century house is thought to pre-exist the building of The Mynde wall (1939) which abuts No 15 on both sides. The site is thought to have a strong group value with significant historic character (Cadw Listed Building Description).No. 15 High Street is is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; the 19th century house is thought to pre-exist the building of The Mynde wall (1939) which abuts No 15 on both sides. The site is thought to have a strong group value with significant historic character (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 15 High Street is is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; the 19th century house is thought to pre-exist the building of The Mynde wall (1939) which abuts No 15 on both sides. The site is thought to have a strong group value with significant historic character (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2970 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 37052

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02555g NAME Porth-y-mynde, wall and entrance gates of Caer Cottage NGR ST34149046 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Wall, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Porth-y-mynde, wall and entrance gates of Caer Cottage forms part of the wall built in 1839 around The Mynde (currently No 14 High Street) to avert destruction of the property during the Chartist Movement. The house itself was owned by John Henkins who also owned Ponthir Plate Works. Key features of the wall include squared local red sandstone and conglomerate rubble, and it measures about 6m in height and about 12m long. (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION Porth-y-mynde, wall and entrance gates of Caer Cottage forms part of the wall built in 1839

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around The Mynde (currently No 14 High Street) to avert destruction of the property during the Chartist Movement. The house itself was owned by John Henkins who also owned Ponthir Plate Works. Key features of the wall include squared local red sandstone and conglomerate rubble, and it measures about 6m in height and about 12m long. (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2971 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02556g NAME No 23 High Street NGR ST34149044 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 23 High Street is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; it is thought that the house is of an early 18th century date however earlier origins are suggested by a battered plinth. Key features include cement rubble render and welsh slate roof with brick slacks (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 23 High Street is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; it is thought that the house is of an early 18th century date however earlier origins are suggested by a battered plinth. Key features include cement rubble render and welsh slate roof with brick slacks (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2972 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 37055

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02557g NAME No 24 High Street NGR ST34139045 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 24 High Street is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; the house is most likey of a late 18th century origin but it was remodelled in the mid 19th century (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 24 High Street is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; the house is most likey of a late 18th century origin but it was remodelled in the mid 19th century (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2973 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 37056

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02558g NAME Caerleon House, High Street NGR ST34109046 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Caerleon House, High Street is a large stucco 18th century house with two storeys, an attic, six sash winwos with glazing bars, six hipped dormers breaking wide moulded eaves and cornice with brackets (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION Caerleon House, High Street is a large stucco 18th century house with two storeys, an attic, six sash winwos with glazing bars, six hipped dormers breaking wide moulded eaves and cornice with brackets (Welsh

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Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36552

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Newport Borough (Part) Gwent 01/PM Map/Courtney P/1994/Medieval & Later Usk/Morrice's plan of Caerleon in 1800 (from Cox 1801)

PRN 02559g NAME No 27 High Street NGR ST34089047 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Shop, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 27 High Street is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; the house was built together with No. 28 in the mid 19th century and has remain unaltered since (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 27 High Street is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; the house was built together with No. 28 in the mid 19th century and has remain unaltered since (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2975 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 37057 SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02560g NAME No 28. High Street NGR ST3408390480 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Shop, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 28 High Street is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; it was built together with No. 27 in the mid 19th century and has remained little altered on the street front with the exception of an insertion of a corner shop in the late 19th century (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 28 High Street is situated on the southern approach to the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; it was built together with No. 27 in the mid 19th century and has remained little altered on the street front with the exception of an insertion of a corner shop in the late 19th century (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 26109 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 37058

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02561g NAME No 30 High Street NGR ST34059049 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Shop, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No significant archaeological features have been recovered within 1a White Hart Lane and 30 High Street to a depth of 700mm, though there may be potential archaeology within further depths (Lewis 2012).

DESCRIPTION No significant archaeological features have been recovered within 1a White Hart Lane and 30 High Street to a depth of 700mm, though there may be potential archaeology within further depths (Lewis 2012).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2977 II CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE004052

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SOURCES

PRN 02562g NAME Duplicate PRN NGR ST34049049 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Duplicate of PRN 02563g

DESCRIPTION Duplicate of PRN 02563g

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 02563g NAME Caerleon Post Office NGR ST34049049 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Post office, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Noted as being situated on the High Street; key features of the 18th century three storeyed building include stucco, a slate roof, two windows, sashes with glazing bars on the first floor and a blocked centre. It was converted to a shop in the late 19th century (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION Noted as being situated on the High Street; key features of the 18th century three storeyed building include stucco, a slate roof, two windows, sashes with glazing bars on the first floor and a blocked centre. It was converted to a shop in the late 19th century (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2978 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 37048 SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Caerleon

PRN 02564g NAME No 32 High Street NGR ST34049050 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 32 High Street is is situated on the south side of the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; 17th century origins are suggested by the low ration of window to wall. The structure appears to have been remodelled and heightened in the late 18th century with an inserted mid-19th century shopfront. It is also noted that the heightening is suggested by the taller upper storey with the more evenly spaced windows and the low pitch roof; externally it has been unchanged (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 32 High Street is is situated on the south side of the Market Place at the centre of Caerleon; 17th century origins are suggested by the low ration of window to wall. The structure appears to have been remodelled and heightened in the late 18th century with an inserted mid-19th century shopfront. It is also noted that the heightening is suggested by the taller upper storey with the more evenly spaced windows and the low pitch roof; externally it has been unchanged (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2979 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 37061 SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

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PRN 02565g NAME No 33 High Street NGR ST34039051 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No 33 High Street is situated on the southwest side of the street and key features of the 19th century two storeyed structure include stucco, moulded wood eaves cornice, three window sashes with glazing bars, and a slate roof with gable ends (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION No 33 High Street is situated on the southwest side of the street and key features of the 19th century two storeyed structure include stucco, moulded wood eaves cornice, three window sashes with glazing bars, and a slate roof with gable ends (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2980 II CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Caerleon

PRN 02566g NAME The Prior House Hotel NGR ST34029052 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Hotel, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The Prior House Hotel is situated opposite the Roman Baths Museum in the centre of Caerleon. The structure is thought to have medieval and early 16th century origins of which some of the rubble walling appears to survive. Key features include 17th and 18th century alterations, and an appearance of early-mid 19th century features (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION The Prior House Hotel is situated opposite the Roman Baths Museum in the centre of Caerleon. The structure is thought to have medieval and early 16th century origins of which some of the rubble walling appears to survive. Key features include 17th and 18th century alterations, and an appearance of early-mid 19th century features (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2981 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02567g NAME Former Stable Wing and Wall, The Priory Hotel NGR ST3393490534 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Stable, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The stable and boundary wall between The Priory Hotel and No 35 are thought to be early 19th century in date, although the lower sections of the wall could be older. The wall itself, 30m in length and 3.5m in height, is constructed of local red sandstone and conglomerate rubble to the High Street and faced in red brick to the yard behind, flat stone capping. The former stable wing to The Priory Hotel is now listed together with the wall (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION The stable and boundary wall between The Priory Hotel and No 35 are thought to be early 19th century in date, although the lower sections of the wall could be older. The wall itself, 30m in length and 3.5m in height, is constructed of local red sandstone and conglomerate rubble to the High Street and faced in red brick to the yard behind, flat stone capping. The former stable wing to The Priory Hotel is now listed together with the wall (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2982 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

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PRN 02568g NAME Broad Towers, High Street NGR ST3388790530 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Broad Towers, High Street is situated about 100m south of the Church of St. Cadoc in the centre of Caerleon to the east of The Endowed School. The possibly mid 18th century house was altered in the mid 19th century (street front side) and the 20th century (garden elevation). Key features of the two-storeyed rendered house include a well preserved interior including the dog-wheel in the kitchen, a Welsh slate roof and red brick chimneys (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION Broad Towers, High Street is situated about 100m south of the Church of St. Cadoc in the centre of Caerleon to the east of The Endowed School. The possibly mid 18th century house was altered in the mid 19th century (street front side) and the 20th century (garden elevation). Key features of the two-storeyed rendered house include a well preserved interior including the dog-wheel in the kitchen, a Welsh slate roof and red brick chimneys (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2983 II CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02569g NAME Caerleon Junior School NGR ST3388790583 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, School, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Caerleon Junior School, situated approximately 80m south west of the Church of St. Cadoc in the centre of Caerleon, possesses an inscription dating to 1724; key features of the stuccoed building include it being commissioned by Charles Williams, a hipped slate roof, wood eaves cornice, projecting wings either side, semi-circular headed windows, a central porch between wings and forecourt railings (Coflein; CADW listing description 1974).

DESCRIPTION Caerleon Junior School, situated approximately 80m south west of the Church of St. Cadoc in the centre of Caerleon, possesses an inscription dating to 1724; key features of the stuccoed building include it being commissioned by Charles Williams, a hipped slate roof, wood eaves cornice, projecting wings either side, semi-circular headed windows, a central porch between wings and forecourt railings (Coflein; CADW listing description 1974).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2984 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 31952, Listed Building 2984 SOURCES RCAHMW National Monuments Record Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02570g NAME No 15 Mill Street NGR ST34119082 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The site described as No 15 Mill Street; key features of the 18th century rendered, two storeyed structure include two sash windows with vertical glazing bars and a steep machine tile roof with gable ends (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION The site described as No 15 Mill Street; key features of the 18th century rendered, two storeyed structure include two sash windows with vertical glazing bars and a steep machine tile roof with gable ends (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II

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CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Caerleon

PRN 02571g NAME No 80 Mill Street NGR ST34179073 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The site described as No 80 Mill Street; key features of the early 19th century roughcast, two storeyed cottage include six windows, sashes in exposed moulded cases with glazing bars, three doors in semi-circular headed recesses and a slate roof (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION The site described as No 80 Mill Street; key features of the early 19th century roughcast, two storeyed cottage include six windows, sashes in exposed moulded cases with glazing bars, three doors in semi-circular headed recesses and a slate roof (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Caerleon

PRN 02572g NAME No 82 Mill Street NGR ST34179072 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The site described as No 82 Mill Street; key features of the early 19th century roughcast, two storeyed cottage include six windows, sashes in exposed moulded cases with glazing bars, three doors in semi-circular headed recesses and a slate roof (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION The site described as No 82 Mill Street; key features of the early 19th century roughcast, two storeyed cottage include six windows, sashes in exposed moulded cases with glazing bars, three doors in semi-circular headed recesses and a slate roof (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Caerleon

PRN 02573g NAME No 84 Mill Street NGR ST34189072 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The site described as No 84 Mill Street; key features of the early 19th century roughcast, two storeyed cottage include six windows, sashes in exposed moulded cases with glazing bars, three doors in semi-circular headed recesses and a slate roof (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION The site described as No 84 Mill Street; key features of the early 19th century roughcast, two storeyed cottage include six windows, sashes in exposed moulded cases with glazing bars, three doors in semi-circular headed recesses and a slate roof (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Caerleon

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PRN 02574g NAME No 86 Mill Street NGR ST34189071 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The site described as No 86 Mill Street; key features of the 18th century roughcast, two storeyed structure include four modern casements with glazing bars, a band at the first floor level, two recessed doors and a steep slate roof with gable ends (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION The site described as No 86 Mill Street; key features of the 18th century roughcast, two storeyed structure include four modern casements with glazing bars, a band at the first floor level, two recessed doors and a steep slate roof with gable ends (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Caerleon

PRN 02575g NAME No 88 Mill Street NGR ST34199071 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The site described as No 88 Mill Street; key features of the 18th century two storeyed roughcast structure include four modern casements with glazing bars, a band at the first floor level, two recessed doors and a steep slate roof with gable ends (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION The site described as No 88 Mill Street; key features of the 18th century two storeyed roughcast structure include four modern casements with glazing bars, a band at the first floor level, two recessed doors and a steep slate roof with gable ends (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Caerleon

PRN 02576g NAME No 92 Mill Street NGR ST34209069 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The site described as No 92 Mill Street; key features of the 18th century, two storeyed and cement rendered structure include a slate roof with covered eaves cornice, four windows, sashes with glazing bars and a panelled door with a segmental hood and fanlight (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION The site described as No 92 Mill Street; key features of the 18th century, two storeyed and cement rendered structure include a slate roof with covered eaves cornice, four windows, sashes with glazing bars and a panelled door with a segmental hood and fanlight (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 02577g NAME No 94 Mill Street NGR ST34219069 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The site described as No 94 Mill Street; key features of the 18th century, two storeyed and cement rendered structure include a slate roof with covered eaves cornice, four windows, sashes with glazing bars and a

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panelled door with a segmental hood and fanlight (Welsh Office 1971).

DESCRIPTION The site described as No 94 Mill Street; key features of the 18th century, two storeyed and cement rendered structure include a slate roof with covered eaves cornice, four windows, sashes with glazing bars and a panelled door with a segmental hood and fanlight (Welsh Office 1971).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building LB II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Welsh Office 1971 Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest: Caerleon

PRN 02578g NAME No 96 Mill Street NGR ST34279060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No 96 Mill Street is situated about 350m east of the Church of St.Cadoc to the north of Castle Mound; it is noted as an early-mid 19th century Revival Cottage (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No 96 Mill Street is situated about 350m east of the Church of St.Cadoc to the north of Castle Mound; it is noted as an early-mid 19th century Revival Cottage (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 26108 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02579g NAME No 98 Mill Street NGR ST34279059 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No 98 Mill Street is situated about 350m east of the Church of St.Cadoc to the north of Castle Mound; it is noted as an early-mid 19th century Revival Cottage (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION No 98 Mill Street is situated about 350m east of the Church of St.Cadoc to the north of Castle Mound; it is noted as an early-mid 19th century Revival Cottage (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2989 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02580g NAME Caerleon Museum NGR ST33949058 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Museum, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Museum street, Careleon

DESCRIPTION Museum, Museum street, Caerleon CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2990 II CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

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PRN 02581g NAME The Village, Toll House NGR ST34189018 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Toll house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The two-storeyed Village Toll House, constructed in 1825, is situated at the junction of Caerleon Road and New Road at the south end of Caerleon Bridge. It has remained little altered with the exception of a small single storey addition in the late 20th century. The toll was no longer required by 1879. Key features of the building include a roughcast render, a Welsh slate roof, an original rectangular wing attached to the rear face, a late 20th century single storey entrance and garage added to the right hand side, and fielded panel door flanked by narrow lancets to the ground floor (Cadw listed building description).

DESCRIPTION The two-storeyed Village Toll House, constructed in 1825, is situated at the junction of Caerleon Road and New Road at the south end of Caerleon Bridge. It has remained little altered with the exception of a small single storey addition in the late 20th century. The toll was no longer required by 1879. Key features of the building include a roughcast render, a Welsh slate roof, an original rectangular wing attached to the rear face, a late 20th century single storey entrance and garage added to the right hand side, and fielded panel door flanked by narrow lancets to the ground floor (Cadw listed building description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2991 II CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02582g NAME No 1 (White Lion House) NGR ST34289026 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No. 1 (White Lion House) is situated at the north end of the village by the site of the old Carleon Bridge. The public house most likely dates to the 17th century and has had probable alterations in the 19th century and also 1974. Despite alterations, it retains its historic character (Cadw Listed Buildings Description).

DESCRIPTION No. 1 (White Lion House) is situated at the north end of the village by the site of the old Carleon Bridge. The public house most likely dates to the 17th century and has had probable alterations in the 19th century and also 1974. Despite alterations, it retains its historic character (Cadw Listed Buildings Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2992 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02583g NAME Isca Grange, The Village NGR ST34379018 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Isca Grange , thought to date to the 18th century, is situated at the north end of The Village looking onto the river Usk. The building has later additions at either ends but it is noted that the structure has been little altered with the exception of the ground floor windows. Key features of the structure include roughcast render, welsh slate roofs, redridge tiles and brick slacks (Cadw listed building description).

DESCRIPTION Isca Grange , thought to date to the 18th century, is situated at the north end of The Village looking onto the river Usk. The building has later additions at either ends but it is noted that the structure has been little altered with the exception of the ground floor windows. Key features of the structure include roughcast render, welsh slate roofs, redridge tiles and brick slacks (Cadw listed building description). In January 2001 Monmouth Archaeology carried out a watching brief at the site. This resulted in the recording and preservation in situ of the remains of medieval pottery industry. This discovery is of great importance to Welsh medieval studies and will be the subject of future work and a publication by the archaeological contractors (Monmouth Archaeology 2001).

CONDITION

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CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2993 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 37109, related PRN 4482g GGATE002638

SOURCES Evans, E M 2004 The Roman fortress of Caerleon and its environs: A framework for research 2679 Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description Monmouth Archaeology 2001 Isca Grange, Caerleon, Newport: An Archaeology Watching Brief 773 201/01

PRN 02584g NAME The Bell Inn, The Village NGR ST34549005 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Inn, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The Bell Inn, a coaching in, is situated opposite the junction with Isca Road at the south end of The Village. The structure is thought to date to the 17th century, and is noted to have most likely been heightened and reconstructed in the 18th century with remodelling completed in the 20th century (the main stack and east gable were also rebuilt with extensions in the rear; Cadw Listed Building description).

DESCRIPTION The Bell Inn, a coaching in, is situated opposite the junction with Isca Road at the south end of The Village. The structure is thought to date to the 17th century, and is noted to have most likely been heightened and reconstructed in the 18th century with remodelling completed in the 20th century (the main stack and east gable were also rebuilt with extensions in the rear; Cadw Listed Building description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Restored DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2994 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36455

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description

PRN 02833g NAME ST CADOC'S CHURCHYARD NGR ST339906 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Altar dedicated to Salus the queen (RIB 324). DESCRIPTION Altar dedicated to Salus the queen (RIB 324).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/no324

PRN 02834g NAME ST CADOC'S CHURCHYARD NGR ST339907 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Dedication to the emperors and the Genius of Leg II Aug (RIB 327)

DESCRIPTION Dedication to the emperors and the Genius of Leg II Aug (RIB 327)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/no327

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PRN 02835g NAME ST CADOC'S CHURCHYARD NGR ST339907 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Dedication (RIB 113) DESCRIPTION Dedication (RIB 113)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc tesxt///RIB/no 328

PRN 02837g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST339907 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Building inscription (RIB 341)

DESCRIPTION Building inscription (RIB 341) CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/341

PRN 02838g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST339907 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tombstone (RIB 362)

DESCRIPTION Tombstone (RIB 362)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/362

PRN 02839g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST339907 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tombstone (RIB 368)

DESCRIPTION Tombstone (RIB 368)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///RIB/368

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PRN 02840g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tombstone (RIB 380) DESCRIPTION Tombstone (RIB 380)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/380

PRN 02841g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tombstone (RIB 383)

DESCRIPTION Tombstone (RIB 383) CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/383

PRN 02842g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tombstone (RIB 384)

DESCRIPTION Tombstone (RIB 384)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/384

PRN 02843g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, Altar, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman altar, found in the 1830's, since lost. Inscribed with "To Jupiter best and greatest".

DESCRIPTION Roman altar, found in the 1830's, since lost. Inscribed with "To Jupiter best and greatest".

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/319

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PRN 02844g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tombstone (RIB 386) DESCRIPTION Tombstone (RIB 386)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/386

PRN 02845g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Commemorative slab (RIB 387)

DESCRIPTION Commemorative slab (RIB 387) CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/387

PRN 02846g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Small fragment of inscribed slab (RIB 388)

DESCRIPTION Small fragment of inscribed slab (RIB 388)

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/388

PRN 02847g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Small fragment of inscribed slab (RIB 389)

DESCRIPTION Small fragment of inscribed slab (RIB 389)

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/389

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PRN 02848g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Small fragment of inscribed slab (RIB 390) DESCRIPTION Small fragment of inscribed slab (RIB 390)

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/390

PRN 02849g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Small fragment of tombstone (RIB 393)

DESCRIPTION Small fragment of tombstone (RIB 393) CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/393

PRN 02850g NAME Roman tombstone NGR ST34239058 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tombstone (RIB 376)

DESCRIPTION Tombstone (RIB 376)

CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/376

PRN 02851g NAME ROMAN BUILDING INSCRIPTION (RIB334) NGR ST34239058 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tablet recording erection of barracks under Valerian and Gallienus (RIB 334)

DESCRIPTION Stone tablet found at the foot of the motte of Caerleon Castle in the first half of the 19th century (RIB 334). It reads: 'Imp(eratores) Valerianus et Gallienus / Aug(usti) et Valerianus nobilissimus / Caes(ar) cohorti VII centurias a so / lo restituerunt per Desticium Iubam / u(irem) c(larissimum) legatum Aug(ustorum) pr(o) pr(aetore) et / Vitula barrack block from the ground up for the Seventh Cohort, through the governor Desticius Juba, of senatorial rank, and the commader of the Second Augutan Legion Vitulasius Laetinianus. Project manager Domitius Potentinus, prefect of the said legion.' Now in the Roman Legion Museum.

CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

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SOURCES Book Collingwood, R G, and Wright, R P 1965 The Roman inscriptions of Britain vol1 01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/334

PRN 02852g NAME DEDICATION TO FORTUNE AND BONUS EVENTUS NGR ST34239058 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Dedication to Fortune and Bonus Eventus (Good Outcome), from the Castle Baths at Caerleon (PRN 00563g).

DESCRIPTION Dedication slab reading '[Fort]une et Bono Eue / nto Corneli(us) Castus et Iul(ia)/ Belismicus coniuges / po[suerunt]' ('To Fortune and Good Outcome, Cornelius Castus and Julia Belismicus, spouses, set this up...' Amove the inscription are the the figures in relief of Fortune (badly weathered) carrying a cornucopia, and Bonus Eventus wearing a long-sleeved tunic, mantle, apron and boots, and holding a patera (sacrificial dish) over a small altar. Found at the foot of the motte of Caerleon castle in the first half of the 19th century, and now in the legionary museum at Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 00563g

SOURCES Book Collingwood, R G, and Wright, R P 1965 The Roman inscriptions of Britain vol1 Book Brewer, R J 1986 Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani: Corpus of Sculpture of the Roman World. Great Britain vo l1 fasicle 5: Wales 01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/318

PRN 02853g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3490 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tombstone (RIB 365) DESCRIPTION Tombstone (RIB 365)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/365

PRN 02854g NAME BOUNDARY STONE FROM CAERLEON (RIB 325) NGR ST3376790431 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman inscribed boundary stone, now lost.

DESCRIPTION Coxe (1801, 82) describes a stone inscribed 'termin(us)' reused in a stile on the north side of the Broadway at Caerleon. Now lost (RIB 2854). Position is taken to be the point at which the footpath, shown on 1st edn OS map as skirting between the amphitheatre and the fortress wal, intersects with the wall dividing the Broadway from the fields to its north.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES RIB 325

SOURCES Book Collingwood, R G, and Wright, R P 1965 The Roman inscriptions of Britain vol1 Book Coxe, W 1801 An historical tour in Monmouthshire

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01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/325

PRN 02855g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST3490 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Building inscription (RIB 340)

DESCRIPTION Building inscription (RIB 340)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1965/RIB/340

PRN 02978g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST33449083 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Intaglio, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Intaglio DESCRIPTION Intaglio

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 02979g NAME MOSAIC PROBABLY FROM CAERLEON FORTRESS BATHS NGR ST34069062 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, mosaic, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Fragmentary mosaic found in the 19th century. It was probably part of the fortress baths complex.

DESCRIPTION Fragmentary mosaic found in the 19th century. It was probably part of the fortress baths complex.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 2210g

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 01/pm desc text//Boon GC/1962/Bull Board Celtic Stud/19 348-54; 02/pm desc text//Boon GC/1986/Fortress Baths exc rep/276-9

PRN 02981g NAME HIGH STREET NGR ST34029057 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman building, possibly part of fortress baths

DESCRIPTION Roman building, possibly part of fortress baths CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 2210g GGATE000412

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SOURCES

01/pm desc text//Zienkiewcz JD/1986/Caerleon Fortress Baths/

PRN 02982g NAME Priory Garden Site NGR ST33889052 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A Roman structure identified with the 'Priory Garden Site' where excavations in 1955 revealed part of a large building with ornate colonaded portico leading into a quadrangular area See 00554g for further details (OS Record Card).

DESCRIPTION A Roman structure identified with the 'Priory Garden Site' where excavations in 1955 revealed part of a large building with ornate colonaded portico leading into a quadrangular area See 00554g for further details (OS Record Card).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Documents OS Record Card 01/pm desc text//Boon GC/1964/Archaeol Cambrensis/113 p28-49

PRN 02994g NAME BULMORE NGR ST3591 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Sculpture, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Bath stone sculpture, may be duplicate of 2309G. DESCRIPTION Bath stone sculpture, may be duplicate of 2309G.

CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 2309G

SOURCES

01/PM Mention/RISW/Boon GC/1975/BBCS vol XXVI ptII pp227-30

PRN 02996g NAME CAERLEON ROMAN QUAY NGR ST33539017 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Quay, RANK: 1 Roman, boat house, RANK: 2 Roman, breakwater, RANK: 2 SUMMARY Stone and timber quay, with breakwater and possible boathouse

DESCRIPTION A quay and associated structures, now some distance from the riverbank and covered in alluvium. Partially excavated in 1963. Short length of wattling might be earlier riverside revetment Stone quay: Phase 1: Riverbank cut back and revetted by wall of coursed rubble set in red clay; line of wall marked before building by row of hazel rods. Base of wall 5.65 aOD, surviving up as far as 6.56 aOD. Terminal at one end, of which line carried back at right-angles by row of heavy kerbstones; 2 more such rows parallel with first; space between first and second heavily cobbled. Dated by very slightly worn denarius of AD205 from beneath metalling behind it, also BB of c first third of 3rd cent, hunt cup and mortaria. Phase 2: Much thicker (1.60m) and slightly higher (1.07m) wall tightly butted against original; return coursed and laid against oak posts; posts terminated with larger one, up to which wall foundation (2.45m long) ran; second wall parallel 7m away, with stone-lined culvert between, 1m from second wall. secondary metalling of Prescelly slate. Series of timber posts along front of quay, to each of which was nailed diagonal to brace upper horizontal (now lost), other end of which supported on another line of posts 2.4 out from quay wall, also round return. Also traces of breakwater further out. Two denarii under metalling: AD195 (very worn) and 210 (slightly worn), but associated pottery is later 3rd century. (Boon 1978) Lack of depth and relative slightness of timberwork indicates that quay could not have been subjected to tidal conditions

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E000413 DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded

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CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000413, GGATE001377, GGATE003743, GGATE001657

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 Report Boon G C 1978 Excavations on the site of a Roman Quay at Caerleon and its significance 01/pm desc text//Boon GC/1978/Cambrian Mono I/1-24 02/PM desc text/1992/Toft/LA/Roman quays and tide levels/Britannia 23/pp249-54

PRN 03077g NAME MUSEUM STREET NGR ST340906 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0 DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-26 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000415

SOURCES

01/pm desc text//Murray-Threipland/1965/Archaeol Camb/94 130-40

PRN 03078g NAME ROMAN BUILDING ON THE SITE OF 'THE HALL', CAERLEON NGR ST34169066 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Hospital, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Building or buildings in Insula VI of the Roman fortress of Caerleon, conventionally identified as the hospital.

DESCRIPTION Building or buildings in Insula VI of the fortress of Caerleon, conventionally identified as the hospital. About half of presumed area of hospital examined at The Hall by limited trenching from which the plan has been extrapolated. Phase 1 represented by foundations, assumed to be for timber building; replaced possibly c 100 by stone building which was provided with new floors c140-50 and c212-220; construction of hypocausted room c140-50, with new roof c212-220. Building demolished and levelled late 3rd century; slight later occupation 3rd-4th century (Murray Thriepland 1969). Different extrapolation of information could possibly provide alternative reading of site plan.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-26 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000416, GGATE001411

SOURCES

01/pm desc text//Murray Threipland/1969/Archaeol Camb/108 86-123

PRN 03102g NAME ST JULIAN'S PARK NGR ST338892 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Enclosure, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0 GGAT 63 Romano-British SE Wales Settlement Survey (2001)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

Pm desc text/Evans E/2001/GGAT 63 Romano-British SE Wales Settlement Survey

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PRN 03165g NAME Belmont House NGR ST34948977 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Described as a mansion situated in Newport, Belmont House dates to the post-medieval period and has views over the lower Usk Valley, four bedrooms, two bathrooms, two reception rooms and a large dining room. Key features include a cantilevered staircase sweeping around two walls, an open cast iron bannister with uprights and scrolled supports, a scroll ended hardwood bannister as well as four and a half acres (OS Record Card; RCAHMW).

DESCRIPTION Described as a mansion situated in Newport, Belmont House dates to the post-medieval period and has views over the lower Usk Valley, four bedrooms, two bathrooms, two reception rooms and a large dining room. Key features include a cantilevered staircase sweeping around two walls, an open cast iron bannister with uprights and scrolled supports, a scroll ended hardwood bannister as well as four and a half acres (OS Record Card; RCAHMW).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 36458 SOURCES Documents OS Record Card RCAHMW National Monuments Record

PRN 03600g NAME ROMAN BARRACKS MYRTLE COTTAGE ORCHARD NGR ST34189060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Barracks, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Excavations at Myrtle Cottage produced evidence for nine barracks in Insula II of the Roman fortress of Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Excavations at Myrtle Cottage produced evidence for nine barracks in Insula II of the Roman fortress of Caerleon, but both ends of all the buildings projected beyond the excavated area. No evidence was seen for any activity predating the stone barracks (c100-120) other than site clearance - removal of trees. Largely robbed out, but construction noted as being cobbled foundations levelled by sandstone slabs on which were built walls of coursed rubble set in good-quality mortar; floors mostly earth with a few cement; plan and layout as for Prysg Field. Evidence for rebuilding of Barrack 5 in early 3rd century, followed by renewal of floors probably in later 3rd century; some evidence of rebuilding and reflooring; from Barracks 6, 7 and 8 also later 3rd century material in some of other barracks. Barrack 6 again altered in 4th century, with continuous occupation to c 375-80. White Hart Inn: FE confimed occupation, but no further information

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000417, GGATE001411 SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 01/pm desc text//Fox A/1940/Archaeol Cambrensis/95 p101-152

PRN 03618g NAME VINE COTTAGES NGR ST340907 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Barracks, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman barrack blocks.

DESCRIPTION Roman barrack blocks.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 2342g GGATE000418

SOURCES

01/pm desc text//Nash Williams VE/1936/Archaeol Cambrensis/91 p318

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PRN 03619g NAME Findspot, Head of Attis NGR ST328909 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The site comprises the findspot of a sculpture of the head of Attis, made of Old Red Sandstone and 48cm high on a square base with a central dowel-hole underneath. Discovered in January of 1972, the sculpture is of a classical type with the face framed by curling locks and the head crowned by a Phrygian cap. It is thought that the sculpture is the head of the mourning Attis, a youthful consort of Cybele who was resurrected by her into a fir-tree. Attis frequently appears in funerary contexts as he symbolises both death and life to come (OS Record Card; Boon 1972).

DESCRIPTION The site comprises the findspot of a sculpture of the head of Attis, made of Old Red Sandstone and 48cm high on a square base with a central dowel-hole underneath. Discovered in January of 1972, the sculpture is of a classical type with the face framed by curling locks and the head crowned by a Phrygian cap. It is thought that the sculpture is the head of the mourning Attis, a youthful consort of Cybele who was resurrected by her into a fir-tree. Attis frequently appears in funerary contexts as he symbolises both death and life to come (OS Record Card; Boon 1972).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Documents OS Record Card Article Boon, G. G. 1972 Addendum (re. Head of Attis) 01/pm desc text///1986/CSIR/no 16

PRN 03620g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST33199122 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Centurial stone not mentioned in RIB

DESCRIPTION Centurial stone not mentioned in RIB

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text//Boon GC/1961/Bull Board Celtic Stud/19 p176

PRN 03621g NAME VICARAGE GARDEN NGR ST339906 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Inscribed stone

DESCRIPTION Inscribed stone

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95700, related PRN 575g

SOURCES

01/pm desc text//Boon GC/1970/Archaeol Cambrensis/119 p10-63

PRN 03643g NAME COLD BATH ROAD NGR ST336907 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Neolithic, Arrowhead, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Neolithic arrow, One tool type and material, Single item. No function ascribed. Exposure not specified. GGAT 66 Lithics survey 2000.

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DESCRIPTION Neolithic arrow, One tool type and material, Single item. No function ascribed. Exposure not specified. GGAT 66 Lithics survey 2000.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-02-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 4461g

SOURCES

01/pm desc text//Knight JKK/1964/Archaeol Cambrensis/103 p46

PRN 03661g NAME Sculptured Stone, Caerleon Castle Mound NGR ST34209054 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The sculptured stone found at Caerleon Castle Mound comprises a Roman tombstone (Mensa Dolenda) with a carved figure of Venus holding a dolphin- possibly part of a pipe burial (OS Record Card).

DESCRIPTION The sculptured stone found at Caerleon Castle Mound comprises a Roman tombstone (Mensa Dolenda) with a carved figure of Venus holding a dolphin- possibly part of a pipe burial (OS Record Card).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Documents Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Site Record (Marginal Land Survey) 01/pm desc text///1986/CSIR/no18

PRN 03742g NAME TANHOUSE DRIVE NGR ST34309049 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The original prn sheet is not clear but this no seems to related to development in the Tan House Drive area in 1982

DESCRIPTION The original prn sheet is not clear but this no seems to related to development in the Tan House Drive area in 1982

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/mm svr/GGAT//1982//

PRN 03748g NAME Limekiln NGR ST35808990 COMMUNITY Langstone TYPE Post-Medieval, Lime kiln, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The location of a Post-medieval limekiln; no further information is currently available.

DESCRIPTION The location of a Post-medieval limekiln; no further information is currently available.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

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PRN 03749g NAME Moated site in Coldra Wood NGR ST35858990 COMMUNITY Langstone TYPE Medieval, Moat, RANK: 1 SUMMARY D-shaped moat, presumably of medieval date, in dense woodland and scrub, at the foot of a scarp. Botanical evidence suggests that this represents ancient woodland.

DESCRIPTION D-shaped moat, presumably of medieval date, in dense woodland and scrub, at the foot of a scarp. Botanical evidence suggests that this represents ancient woodland. The lower south-east side of the moat is a straight pond like feature (now silted up) fed by a stream, 60m in length and up to 8m wide. From this, two shallow broad ditches with external banks, c8-10m in overall width curve round to define a semi-circular enclosure c30m wide and 50m across. An entrance gap is said to exist in the centre of this arc, on the north-west, but the area is too overgrown for this to be visible. The site is of national importamnce as an unusual example of a medieval moated site. This is hown to be an ancient wood by its big coppice stools and boundary earthworks... It is a typical and excellent example of the woods of the fringes of the south-east Welsh mountains, mainly ash and hazel, having rich flora and well preserved despite some Victorian planting. It has suffered a little from grazing and is now protected from livestock. Situated on a south-east facing slope..mostly on Old Red Sandstone, with a vein of Devonian Limestone...the south-east part is on Keuper Marl. The wood is transversed by a flat-topped bank, some 40ft wide, without an evident ditch...best preserved in the north...can be traced to the east corner, although interrupted in places by stream crossings and obscured by soil creep on cross slopes. Suggestion that this is the agger of a Roman road. Within wood is a D-shaped moat formed by excavation and filled by diverting a stream. It has an entrance gap; the upcast partly forms an outer bank, showing that it cannot have been defensive. The interior contains big old ash stools; the scarcity of nettles suggests that the moat was not long if ever, inhabited.

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM253 CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 03775g NAME Findspot, Broad Walk NGR ST337908 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY This site represents the location of a bronze Roman Bracelet dug up in 1928 in the Broad Walk, Caerleon close outside the north-west rampart of the Roman Legionary fortress-enclosure. The bracelet is 2.9in in overall diameter, is formed of a single strand of thick bronze wire and tapers at the ends overlapping and twisted to form decorative spiral terminals. There are loose small wire rings attached to the bracelet which are thought to have carried glass rings or pendants; this form of bracelet is within the Continental early Iron Age (La Tene) style and resides with the National Museum of Wales (Further Information File, Unknown Article).

DESCRIPTION This site represents the location of a bronze Roman Bracelet dug up in 1928 in the Broad Walk, Caerleon close outside the north-west rampart of the Roman Legionary fortress-enclosure. The bracelet is 2.9in in overall diameter, is formed of a single strand of thick bronze wire and tapers at the ends overlapping and twisted to form decorative spiral terminals. There are loose small wire rings attached to the bracelet which are thought to have carried glass rings or pendants; this form of bracelet is within the Continental early Iron Age (La Tene) style and resides with the National Museum of Wales (Further Information File, Unknown Article).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Article V. E. N.-W. Bronze Bracelet from Caerleon (Mon) 01/PM Desc Text/Nash Williams/1951/Bull Board Celtic Stud/vol14 pt3 p352

PRN 03787g NAME ULTRA PONTEM (THE VILLAGE) NGR ST342900 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Place name, RANK: 1 SUMMARY That part of the extra-mural settlement (canabae) on the S/E bank of the Usk. Note that there is no ancient evidence for the name, which is either medieval, or an antiquarian invention.

DESCRIPTION That part of the extra-mural settlement (canabae) on the S/E bank of the Usk. Note that there is no ancient evidence for the name, which is either medieval, or an antiquarian invention.

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003743 SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01

PRN 03788g NAME Findspot NGR ST3390 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Iron Age, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The findspot indicates the discovery of a bronze sword hilt of an early 1st century AD date; the hilt is cast on an iron blade of which the tang remains in the grip, broken off at the base of the hilt. It was most likely found within the Legnionary Fortress and is now situated with the National Museum of Wales (Acc. No. 31.78/c20; OS Record Card).

DESCRIPTION The findspot indicates the discovery of a bronze sword hilt of an early 1st century AD date; the hilt is cast on an iron blade of which the tang remains in the grip, broken off at the base of the hilt. It was most likely found within the Legnionary Fortress and is now situated with the National Museum of Wales (Acc. No. 31.78/c20; OS Record Card).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Documents OS Record Card

PRN 03791g NAME Backhall St no. 32 NGR ST34059065 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The location of Backhall St no. 32, no further information is currently available.

DESCRIPTION The location of Backhall St no. 32, no further information is currently available. CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 03795g NAME Fulling Mill, Caerleon NGR ST3490 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Fulling mill, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The location of a Fulling Mill at Caerleon; no further information is currently available.

DESCRIPTION The location of a Fulling Mill at Caerleon; no further information is currently available.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

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PRN 03804g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST33869038 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Inscribed stone

DESCRIPTION Inscribed stone

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1977/Britannia/8 p429 no13

PRN 03805g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST34039057 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Inscribed tombstone DESCRIPTION Inscribed tombstone

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1970/Britannia/1 p307 no9

PRN 03806g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST33409074 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Inscribed tombstone

DESCRIPTION Inscribed tombstone CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1970/Britannia/1 p307 no10

PRN 03811g NAME Caerleon Police Station NGR ST33909088 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Police station, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The location of the Caerleon Police Station; no further information is currently available.

DESCRIPTION The location of the Caerleon Police Station; no further information is currently available.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-03-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

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PRN 03909g NAME COLDRA NGR ST35329073 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Barn, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Post medieval barn see the RCAHMW Inventory of Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan, Vol IV, Part 2, P535.

DESCRIPTION Post medieval barn see the RCAHMW Inventory of Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan, Vol IV, Part 2, P535.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-04-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 03935g NAME CHRISTCHURCH NGR ST34108952 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Coin, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Single Roman coin DESCRIPTION Ag denarius of Antoninus Pius Rome mint struck AD 160. Obv ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TRPXXIII Laureate head right. Rev PACI AVG COS IIII Pax stands left holding branch and sceptre.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-07-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657 SOURCES

01/MM/Desc text/Newport Museum///March 1984///

PRN 03947g NAME YSGUBOR-FACH BYRE NGR ST35128968 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Cow shed, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A small byre, formerly open fronted, probably late 18th century in date. The byre was earlier than the farmhouse and has been subsequently destroyed.

DESCRIPTION A small byre, formerly open fronted, probably late 18th century in date. This byre was earlier than the farmhouse (05323g) as part of the west and south wall of the house had been built over the byre's north gable wall. Evidence for an earlier structure was recorded as a series of five truncated stone columns in the southern wall of the byre. On demolition, it was noted that these columns had been rendered on all sides. This indicated that they had been free-standing prior to the construction of the byre's south wall. The byre consisted of two bays separated by a central stone gable wall. The south elevation contained a single window and a doorway in the eastern bay of the byre and each of the bays had a door at the east end. During demolition it became apparent that the west end of the byre's north elevation had been used during the construction of the modern farm buildings which were constructed of breeze blocks and concrete. The west gable wall had been modified or repaired an the south wall of the byre seems to pre-date the west wall. A single doorway was contained in the north end of this gable wall. A single beam set in the east end of the gable wall suggests that there may have been a hay loft along part of the south wall of the byre. The surviving floor within the byre was modern concrete (Locock, M., D.M. Andrews and N.J. Wilson).

CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003715 DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-07-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 43412 GGATE003715

SOURCES Report Locock, M., D.M Andrews and N.J. Wilson. 1992 Building Recording, Celtic Manor Golf Course, Gwent. 92 92/02

PRN 03967g NAME CAERLEON, RUSSELL HAYNES' LAND NGR ST33858980 COMMUNITY Caerleon

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TYPE Roman, Tile, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Tile with LEG II AVG stamps.

DESCRIPTION Tile with LEG II AVG stamps (John Richards WB)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-07-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 03968g NAME Event record NGR ST339905 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event record E001052 DESCRIPTION See event record E001052

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 03985g NAME Findspot, St Julian's Wood NGR ST335892 COMMUNITY Beechwood TYPE Post-Medieval, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Several finds were discovered at this findspot including a George III copper coin, an Elizabeth I silver coin, an Antoninius Pius Denarius silver coin, and a further bronze coin of unknown date (Maynard).

DESCRIPTION Several finds were discovered at this findspot including a George III copper coin, an Elizabeth I silver coin, an Antoninius Pius Denarius silver coin, and a further bronze coin of unknown date (Maynard).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-07-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Documents Maynard, J Letter: Gwent Metal Detector Club to Newport Museum and Art Gallery re new accessions found at St Julian's Wood

PRN 03987g NAME BRONZE AXE ST JULIANS PARK NGR ST340895 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Bronze Age, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Bronze socketed axe

DESCRIPTION Bronze socketed axe

CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-07-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/PM List/Lillie MC/1991/Bronze Age Gwent (University of Nottingham dissertation) p80

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02/MM Accession Card/Newport Museum/1.2.77/Acc no 77.12

PRN 03991g NAME Bronze phalera mount, findspot NGR ST341903 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The site comprises the location of a Bronze phalera mount with medusa mask, decorative border (lower portion missing) and pierced by three rivet holes (probably one missing). Roman c.2nd century AD (NM Accession 1981).

DESCRIPTION The site comprises the location of a Bronze phalera mount with medusa mask, decorative border (lower portion missing) and pierced by three rivet holes (probably one missing). Roman c.2nd century AD (NM Accession 1981).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-07-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Museum accession record 1981 Neport Museum accession form no.81.50

PRN 04029g NAME CHURCH FIELD, ST CADOC'S HOSPITAL NGR ST334909 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Cremation burial, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Cinerary urn (coarse grey ware) containing remains of human bodies, also broken roof tiles. Found while ploughing in Church Field, Caerleon Mental Hospital, 1939

DESCRIPTION Cinerary urn (coarse grey ware) containing remains of human bodies, also broken roof tiles. Found while ploughing in Church Field, Caerleon Mental Hospital, 1939

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1988-07-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003744

SOURCES

01/mm record card/Newport Museum//1940//

PRN 04059g NAME Event record NGR ST34109095 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001218

DESCRIPTION

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 04254g NAME Event record NGR ST342904 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001053

DESCRIPTION See event E001053

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 04283g NAME Findspot at Engineering Works, High Street NGR ST34039057 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A large iron buckle with two spindles has been located at this site (OS Record Card).

DESCRIPTION A large iron buckle with two spindles has been located at this site (OS Record Card).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1987-10-06 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Documents OS Record Card

PRN 04286g NAME LITTLE BULMORE NGR ST35759125 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Spear, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Iron pilum head, found about a quarter of a mile SE of Bulmore House DESCRIPTION Iron pilum head, found about a quarter of a mile SE of Bulmore House

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1987-06-15 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 04298g NAME YEW TREE COTTAGE NGR ST34569054 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inscribed stone, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Inscribed stone at Bulmore, reading [D]M,[...]VAR T[...], to the spirits of the departed (and) of ..uarius. Now in the Legionary Museum, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Inscribed stone at Bulmore, reading [D]M,[...]VAR T[...], to the spirits of the departed (and) of ..uarius. Now in the Legionary Museum, Caerleon.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/mm note////1988//Britannia 19 p490

PRN 04320g NAME CHRISTCHURCH, NEWPORT NGR ST3489 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Coin, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Single coin. Obverse:DN MAGNENTIUS PF AUG. Bare headed, draped & cuirassed bust right. Reverse:SALUS DD NN AUG IT CAES in exegue:LPLG Large CHI-RHO flanked by alph & omega.

DESCRIPTION Single coin. Ae coin of Lyon mint struck AD 351-353. Obverse:DN MAGNENTIUS PF AUG. Bare

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headed, draped & cuirassed bust right. Reverse:SALUS DD NN AUG IT CAES in exegue:LPLG Large CHI-RHO flanked by alpha & omega. Found in the Christchurch (Newport) area, exact location not known.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657

SOURCES

01/MM Record Card/Newport Museum/Hudson R/1988/Accession Form/

PRN 04359g NAME Event record NGR ST335905 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001054

DESCRIPTION See event E001054 CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 04370g NAME Event record NGR ST34439045 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001055

DESCRIPTION See event E001055

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 04390g NAME COLDREA MILL NGR ST35158945 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Mill, RANK: 1 SUMMARY few details brick built c mid 19 (DRE guess)

DESCRIPTION few details brick built c mid 19 (DRE guess)

CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1990-06-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/mm mention//Maylan N/1990//site visit record

PRN 04433g NAME HOME FARM GREEN NGR ST32749090 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Site of a mosaic found in 1940, since moved to a house known as Pollards Well. Probably from a

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funerary building in Lodge Hill Cemetery.

DESCRIPTION Site of a mosaic found in 1940, since moved to a house known as Pollards Well. Probably from a funerary building in Lodge Hill Cemetery.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1991-02-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

mm desc text//Bibby CI/1980/Mosaic at St Cadocs Hospital Caerleon

PRN 04442g NAME Event record NGR ST33949084 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001056 DESCRIPTION See event E001056

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 04443g NAME Event record NGR ST3490 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001057

DESCRIPTION See event E001057 CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 04455g NAME USK ROAD NGR ST34579127 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Necklace, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Amber necklace of some 40 misc shaped and leticular beads found 1926, now lost. Association with Roman inhumation cemetery.

DESCRIPTION Amber necklace of some 40 misc shaped and leticular beads found 1926, now lost. Association with Roman inhumation cemetery. See PRN 649g FI file for details of this and other burials in the area.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1991-02-08 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 649g GGATE003278 SOURCES

01/pm desc text///1926-7/Bull Board Celtic Stud/vol 3 p150

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PRN 04461g NAME Event record NGR ST33689083 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001058 DESCRIPTION See event E001058

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000443

SOURCES

PRN 04481g NAME Event record NGR ST33929055 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001059

DESCRIPTION See event E001059 CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000429 SOURCES

PRN 04482g NAME Event record NGR ST34409015 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001060

DESCRIPTION See event E001060

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 04483g NAME Event record NGR ST34159041 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001061

DESCRIPTION See event E001061

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

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PRN 04484g NAME Event record NGR ST34609007 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001062 DESCRIPTION See event E001062

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 04488g NAME Bear House Field, Caerleon NGR ST33559200 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY

DESCRIPTION - CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1991-09-25 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM014 CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000422 SOURCES

01/pm mention///1964/J Rom Stud/14

PRN 04489g NAME South Corner NGR ST33949028 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Ditch, RANK: 1 SUMMARY 0

DESCRIPTION 0

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1991-09-25 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM014 CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000423

SOURCES

01/mm mention///1963/J Rom Stud/13

PRN 04490g NAME SANDYGATE NGR ST33719075 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Barracks, RANK: 1 SUMMARY This area forms part of Barrack Blocks IX and X in Prysg series. See Evans, 1991, Excavations at 'Sandygate', Cold Bath Road, Caerleon, Gwent, in Britannia vol. XXII.

DESCRIPTION This area forms part of Barrack Blocks IX and X in Prysg series. See Evans, 1991, Excavations at 'Sandygate', Cold Bath Road, Caerleon, Gwent, in Britannia vol. XXII. a phase of earthfast timber construction was identified in the Prysg field. Several post-trenches, post-holes and the construction level demonstrated the presence of the eartfast timber construction. A later stone structure was also established on the site. The purpose of either buildings could not be confirmed due to the excavation being within too small an area.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1991-09-25 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000424

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SOURCES Journal Evans, E. 1991 Excavtions at Sandygate, Cold Bath Road, Caerleon, Gwent 01/pm desc text//Evans EM/1991/Britannia/00 00-00

PRN 04496g NAME Event record NGR ST344907 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001063

DESCRIPTION See event E001063 CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000425 SOURCES

PRN 04498g NAME Event record NGR ST345912 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001065

DESCRIPTION See event E001065

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 04499g NAME Event record NGR ST33279094 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001066 DESCRIPTION See event E001066

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000427

SOURCES

PRN 04501g NAME ABBEYFIELD SITE NGR ST32909098 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Cemetery, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Initial assessment of this area showed no signs of a cemetery, but a gas pipeline cut through the area revealed a number of cremations.

DESCRIPTION Initial assessment of this area showed no signs of a cemetery, but a gas pipeline cut through the area revealed a number of cremations. A cremation and two tombstones were recorded at the site in 1909 and a sculptured head of Attis in 1972. However, a trial excavation in 1990 centered on the same location as the previously recorded finds did not reveal any burials, but did find a pit filled with stones. However, during the moving of a gas main in preparation for the development of the site, twenty cremations were discovered during the watching brief. Additionally there was a metalled surface, flanked by a ditch on the south side. The cemetery is located over the lower slopes of Lodge Hill, on the flood-plain of the River Usk and the road runs along the east bank of the river. The

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metalled surface (road), which was present in both arms of the gas pipe trench, cut across the slope diagonally and consisted of a single layer of cobbles. The southern part of the road was bonded by a ditch measuring 1.85m wide and 0.9m deep with an irregular u-shaped profile, with only one burial within. The upper area of the surface was bonded by a gully measuring 1.5m wide, 0.3-0.6m deep and contained redeposited cremated remains. North of the road there was an area of densely packed cremations. Although the exact number of burials is uncertain, there were fourteen patches of partly in situ cremated remains: at least nine were burials, but the status of the other five is unknown. An additional seven patches of cremated remains were established in the spoil from the trench, two of which had obviously been derived from burials that still remained in situ. Within the area excavated there were additional cremations found, these were located mostly in the central and eastern end of the excavation and occupied a band of approximately 4m think. The band appeared to be boarded by a ditch than run in an northwest-southeast direction on the north side of the cremations, through the trench, as there were no features, apart from a pit and well north of the ditch. Within the western end of the trench there was the remains of a building and two tile cists. There was a total of approximately 121 separate cremations found with the entire site examined. They appeared to be largely of late first or early second century date. There was evidence of grave goods found within eighty-nine of the burials.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1992-08-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 5010G, related PRN 4510G GGATE000428, GGATE000442 SOURCES Journal Evans, E.M and Maynard, D.J 1997 Caerleon Lodge Hill cemetery: the Abbeyfield site 1992 01/pm svr/GGAT//1992//

PRN 04510g NAME ABBEYFIELD SITE, LAND ADJACENT NGR ST329909 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Cemetery, RANK: 1 SUMMARY area adj 4502G suggested for SAM status

DESCRIPTION area adj 4502G suggested for SAM status

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1992-08-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 4502G

SOURCES

01/mm letter//Zienkiewicz JD/1992//

PRN 04529g NAME Penrhos Farmhouse NGR ST341917 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Farmhouse, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Penrhos Farmhouse is situated approximately 1000m to the north of the centre of Caerleon, above the Afon Lwyd adjoining the site of a Civil War fort. Key features of the structure, dated to 1718 but thought to have later 17th century origins, include a refurbishment in the 1990s with all external features dating from then (Cadw Listed Building Description).

DESCRIPTION Penrhos Farmhouse is situated approximately 1000m to the north of the centre of Caerleon, above the Afon Lwyd adjoining the site of a Civil War fort. Key features of the structure, dated to 1718 but thought to have later 17th century origins, include a refurbishment in the 1990s with all external features dating from then (Cadw Listed Building Description).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1992-09-14 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 3088 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Website Cadw Listed Buildings Description 01/mm desc text/CADW//1991/Listed building list/

PRN 04644g NAME Telephone Call-box outside the Post

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Office NGR ST3405290504 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Modern, Telephone box, RANK: 1 SUMMARY G VI R, K6-type. Square, red kiosk of cast-iron construction to the standard design of Giles Gilbert Scott, architect of London. Design introduced by GPO in 1936; this example manufactured by Carron Company, Stirlingshire. Domed roof with 4 lunettes

DESCRIPTION G VI R, K6-type. Square, red kiosk of cast-iron construction to the standard design of Giles Gilbert Scott, architect of London. Design introduced by GPO in 1936; this example manufactured by Carron Company, Stirlingshire. Domed roof with 4 lunettes containing embossed George VI crowns over red lettered opals, now with applied 'Telecom' labels; ventilation slits. Raised surrounds with marginal bars to horizontal glazing; timber door. Blank rear, moulded plinth.

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1995-05-05 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 3094 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/PM List/Cadw/1992/Listed Building List

PRN 04645g NAME Telephone Call-box near The Goldcroft PH NGR ST3385690884 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Modern, Telephone box, RANK: 1 SUMMARY G VI R, K6-type. Square, red kiosk of cast-iron construction to the standard design of Giles Gilbert Scott, architect of London. Design introduced by GPO in 1936; this example manufactured by Carron Company, Stirlingshire. Domed roof with 4 lunettes c

DESCRIPTION G VI R, K6-type. Square, red kiosk of cast-iron construction to the standard design of Giles Gilbert Scott, architect of London. Design introduced by GPO in 1936; this example manufactured by Carron Company, Stirlingshire. Domed roof with 4 lunettes containing embossed George VI crowns over red lettered opals, now mostly with applied 'Telecom' labels; ventilation slits. Raised surrounds with marginal bars to horizontal glazing; timber door. Blank rear, moulded plinth.

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1995-05-05 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 3095 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/PM List/Cadw/1992/Listed Building List

PRN 04646g NAME Telephone Call-box at the junction with Bulmore Road NGR ST3452190072 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Modern, Telephone box, RANK: 1 SUMMARY E II R, K6-type. Square, red kiosk of cast-iron construction to the standard design of Giles Gilbert Scott, architect of London. Design introduced by GPO in 1936; this example manufactured by the Lion Foundry, Kirkintilloch. Domed roof with 4 lunettes

DESCRIPTION E II R, K6-type. Square, red kiosk of cast-iron construction to the standard design of Giles Gilbert Scott, architect of London. Design introduced by GPO in 1936; this example manufactured by the Lion Foundry, Kirkintilloch. Domed roof with 4 lunettes containing embossed Elizabeth II crowns over red lettered opals and ventilation slits. Raised surrounds with marginal bars to horizontal glazing; timber door. Blank rear, moulded plinth.

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1995-05-05 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 3096 II CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 32870

SOURCES

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01/PM List/Cadw/1992/Listed Building List

PRN 04690g NAME Beechwood House NGR ST3326388669 COMMUNITY Beechwood TYPE Post-Medieval, Country house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Please note that some of the sources contain information that, as yet, has not been included in this description field. This will be updated in due course.Built in 1880 by Habershon and Pite, architects of Cardiff and Newport, for George Fothergill.

DESCRIPTION Please note that some of the sources contain information that, as yet, has not been included in this description field. This will be updated in due course. Built in 1880 by Habershon and Pite, architects of Cardiff and Newport, for George Fothergill. Bought in 1900 by Newport BC who opened the grounds as a public park. Damaged by fire in 1992. Simple Italianate Classicism, 2-storeys with channel rusticated and partly rendered Bath stone main elevation. Slate roof, now extensively fire-damaged, and stone and cement rendered chimneys with dentilled cornices and panelled sides. Symmetrical design to 3-bay front (S side) with 2 windows over central entrance flanked by splayed bays; deep band courses between floors together with 1st floor sill band and plinth etc. Interior retains wide and deep central hall with dentil cornices, elaborate patterned tiled floor and openwell stone staircase; ironwork balusters rising to triple arcades linking to 1st floor corridors. Ground floor chimneys removed before 1991.

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1995-09-05 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 3109 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

03/PM Desc Text/Mawson TH/1927/The Life and Work of an English Landscape Architect 04/ Information from Mr T Lloyd 02/PM Mention/Jones D/1990/Newport (Gwent) in Old Postcards p126 01/PM List/Cadw/1993/Listed Building List 05/ Desc Text/Cadw/28/08/2001/Listed Buildings Citation/ Copy in further information file. 06/ Plan/Development Planning Partnership/05/11/2004/Copy in further information file. 07/Photo/Development Planning Partnership/November 2004/Copies in further information file.

PRN 04695g NAME Event record NGR ST335908 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001067

DESCRIPTION See event E001067 CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 04696g NAME Event record NGR ST336907 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001068

DESCRIPTION See event E001068

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

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PRN 04697g NAME Croft Nursing Home NGR ST339908 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Barracks, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Grounds of nursing home. Covers parts of 6 legionary barracks. Limited excavation in 1966 showed that these were occupied from the foundation of the fortress c75 AD to the end of the C3rd. 5 successive periods of occupation

DESCRIPTION Grounds of nursing home. Covers parts of 6 legionary barracks. Limited excavation in 1966 showed that these were occupied from the foundation of the fortress c75 AD to the end of the C3rd. 5 successive periods of occupation or rebuildings were identified. The area consists of gardens and of car parking areas, with several large trees.

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1995-10-05 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM014 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95654, related PRN 514G GGATE000431, GGATE003927 SOURCES

01/MM List/Cadw/1993/SAM Lists

PRN 04810g NAME Endowed School, Carpark and Garden NGR ST338906 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Fortress, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Areas of the fort found beneath Caerleon Endowed School carpark and garden, including the barracks of the First Cohort, the residence of the primus pilus, and part of the centurion's block next to that of the primus pilus.

DESCRIPTION NW side of Broadway was flanked by the barracks of the First Cohort, the senior cohort of the legion. The old school and headmaster's house overlie the residence of the primus pilus. This area overlies part of the centurion's block next to that of the primus pilus and the cormer of his residence.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1996-12-03 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM252 CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/PM List/Cadw/1995/SAM Lists

PRN 04884g NAME CAERLEON COLLEGE BURIAL NGR ST336913 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Inhumation, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Inhumation in Bath Stone sarcophagus, possibly with an associated shale bowl. Lid of sarcophagus at 40.89m aOD. Alignment of burial c245 degrees magnetic, head at W end.

DESCRIPTION Inhumation in Bath Stone sarcophagus, possibly with an associated shale bowl. Lid of sarcophagus at 40.89m aOD. Alignment of burial c245 degrees magnetic, head at W end.

CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 601G, related PRN 606G GGATE000435

SOURCES

05/PM Desc Text/South Wales Argus/19.2.96 01/PM List/Maynard D/20.11.95/Proposed New Site Notification Form 04/MM Photographs/Compton J/15.11.95 02/PM WB Report/Maynard D & Compton J/15.11.95 03/PM List/Maynard D/31.1.96/SMR Corrections Form

PRN 04922.0g NAME BULMORE NGR ST36259160 COMMUNITY Caerleon

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TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Part of Caerleon-Usk Roman road (E bank R Usk) identified during the cutting of a pipe trench, together with evidence of a possible Roman building (PRN 4921g).

DESCRIPTION WB undertaken during cutting of pipe trench revealed a small area of metalling of the Roman Caerleon-Usk Road (A90). The Roman road surface was observed in two small sections at ST 3625 9160 where it lay approximately 1m below the present road surface. It was overlain with 0.4m of clean loamy hillwash beneath the foundations of the modern road.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001657

SOURCES Article Maynard, D 1988 Bulmore (ST 3595 9153)

PRN 05008g NAME Event record NGR ST34669125 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001070

DESCRIPTION - CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000421 SOURCES

PRN 05009g NAME Event record NGR ST329909 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001071 DESCRIPTION See event E001071

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 05125g NAME BROAD PILL NGR ST328904 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Not Applicable, Creek, RANK: 1 , pill, RANK: - SUMMARY A large pill.

DESCRIPTION A large pill. Broad Pill is depicted on the 1st edition OS map (1883). The pill is approximately 200m in length and around 10m wide at its mouth where it opens into the River Usk. The feature is alinged north-south and heavy silting was noted in the channel. (01 Dunning)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-05-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001271, GGATE001377, GGATE003743

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SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 01/pm desc text/ggat/1991/PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

PRN 05127g NAME ST JULIANS HOUSE NGR ST324899 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Post-Medieval, Manor house, RANK: 1 SUMMARY St Julians House was probably built at the end of the fifteenth century by Sir George Herbert (Bradney 1932, 299). It was the centre of a manor which had been owned by the Priory of Goldcliffe in the twelfth century AD.

DESCRIPTION St Julians House was probably built at the end of the fifteenth century by Sir George Herbert (Bradney 1932, 299). It was the centre of a manor which had been owned by the Priory of Goldcliffe in the twelfth century AD. The house was a major seat of the Herberts, Earls of Powis, until 1752 when the estate wassold. The house then appears to have declined and by 1801 only part of it was being used as a farm house (Coxe 1801, 95). Although some restoration took place during the twentieth century the house was demolished in 1976.;

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-05-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003743

SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 01/pm desc text/ggat/1991/PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

PRN 05131g NAME Caerleon Canabae NGR ST335901, ST342908, ST342904 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Canabae, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The civilian settlement surrounding the Roman legionary fortress. Structures relating to it have been confirmed in the areas outside the porta praetoria, the porta pincipalis dextra and the porta principalis sinistra, and all the indications are that the settlement ran continuously around these three sides at least. The situation on the side of the porta decumana is less clear: there has been much less excavation and/or ground disturbance on this side, but what has taken place suggests that there is probably less activity than on the other three sides, and it is not clear whether such structures as have been encountered are related to occupation or funerary use.

DESCRIPTION The civilian settlement surrounding the Roman legionary fortress. Structures relating to it have been confirmed in the areas outside the porta praetoria, the porta pincipalis dextra and the porta principalis sinistra, and all the indications are that the settlement ran continuously around these three sides at least. The situation on the side of the porta decumana is less clear: there has been much less excavation and/or ground disturbance on this side, but what has taken place suggests that there is probably less activity than on the other three sides, and it is not clear whether such structures as have been encountered are related to occupation or funerary use (Evans 2000; 2004, 7-9). Although most of the buildings known from excavations in the extramural area are houses and shops, at least two sets of baths are known, and inscription indicate that there were probably at least three temples. The temple of Diana is recorded by name in an inscription (RIB no.316) said to have been found with part of a statue of the goddess. A temple to Jupiter Dolichenus and a Mithraeum have been surmised on the basis of dedications to those deities (RIB nos.320, 322). Other public buildings may have existed; Boon (1987, 33, 41) interpreted the courtyard building near the amphitheatre as a market hall, but it is more likely to have been a mansio, since it had a hypocaust. The evidence we have so far suggests that buildings of importance are more likely to have existed forward of the via principalis. (Evans 2000, 491; Evans 2004, 9). The greater part of the western canabae (the side of the via principalis dextra = the modern Broadway, as far as the via praetoria) is protected by statutory legislation as a scheduled ancient monument. It is thought that the remains of the canabae are well preserved, except in the area of the school playing fields where the upper layers have been removed. Excavations by Cardiff University in 2011 and 2012 revealed well-preserved remains in the field adjacent to the amphitheatre. On the other (via principalis sinistra) side of the via praetoria, adjacent to the modern Mill Street, the area has been extensively covered in modern buildings. However, significant archaeological deposits probably survive reasonably well under much of the more recent development (Centurion Gate), due to Newport Council's policy in the 1980s and 1990s of mitigating flood risk by building up the ground level before construction.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-05-29 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM231

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CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001057, GGATE003743, GGATE001218, GGATE003906, GGATE003968, GGATE002311

SOURCES Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust Site Visit Record Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Evans, E M 2004 The Roman fortress of Caerleon and its environs: A framework for research 2679 Cadw Application for Scheduled Monument Consent Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 Report Evans, E. 1990 An Archaeological Assessment. Proposed Development On Land To The East Of Caerleon. 164 90/01 Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01 PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 01/pm desc text/ggat/1991/PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

PRN 05134g NAME Brick Kiln NGR ST339902 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Brick kiln, RANK: 1 SUMMARY At ST 340 902 there was the site of a brick kiln in 1765 (Tredegar deposit).

DESCRIPTION At ST 340 902 there was the site of a brick kiln in 1765 (Tredegar deposit). CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-05-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003743 SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 01/pm desc text/ggat/1991/PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

PRN 05135g NAME MOTTE NGR ST342905 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Motte, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A large artificial mound raised at the western end of Caerleon Castle to act as a motte. Known locally as the "Mynde"

DESCRIPTION A large artificial mound raised at the western end of Caerleon Castle to act as a motte. Known locally as the "Mynde"

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-05-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 93769, Related prn 00542g GGATE003743 SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 01/pm desc text/ggat/1991/PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

PRN 05136g NAME PROBABLE BATH-BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (USKSIDE) NGR ST344904, ST3440990443 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Bath house, RANK: 2 Roman, building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Part of a building with massive walls of mortared rubble and some evidence for a vault and wallplaster, in the area of the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon. Probably a bath-house.

DESCRIPTION A building was recorded during test-pitting on the Uskside site at Caerleon, near the confluence of the River Usk and Afon Lwyd. Identified as C43 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. It is visible on the ground surface as a slight earthwork platform. Two walls were noted, constructed from high quality mortared rubble and running at right angles to each other. Fragments of tufa and a piece of painted wall-plaster with a curved surface from this pit suggested that the building was vaulted and perhaps apsed. No further exploration of this

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building was possible because of the high water-table. It is not in line with the fortress. (Evans 2000, 173-5, Uskside). Sortie 82/RAF/1104 frames 0138-9 (flown 10/03/1955) shows the building as a roughly rectangular earthwork with a raised edge on all sides except the south, which peters out. Sortie CPE/UK/2326 frames 5070-1 (flown 26/09/1947) appears to show the southern end of this building faintly. Evans 2006, 23

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS scheduled ancient monument MM244 CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95663, division of 05131g GGATE003278, GGATE003743, GGATE001055, GGATE002311

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062 Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 Report Evans EM 1990 Proposed Development on Land to the East of Caerleon: An Archaeological Assessment . Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report no.2006/025 Aerial photograph 1955 82/RAF/1104 Aerial photograph 1947 CPE/UK/2326 01/pm desc text/ggat/1991/PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

PRN 05137g NAME CORN MILL NGR ST342908 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Mill, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A medieval corn mill first mentioned in 1314 and appears to have been rebuilt several times. DESCRIPTION A medieval corn mill first mentioned in 1314 and appears to have been rebuilt several times.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-05-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003278, GGATE003743

SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 01/pm desc text/ggat/1991/PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

PRN 05138g NAME FULLING MILL NGR ST342908 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Fulling mill, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A fulling mill first mentioned in 1314. By 1663 the fulling mill had become a victim of the movement of the river.

DESCRIPTION A fulling mill first mentioned in 1314. By 1663 the fulling mill had become a victim of the movement of the river.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-05-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003278, GGATE003743

PRN 05139g NAME SKINYARD NGR ST345911 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Tannery, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The remains of a nineteenth century skinyard to the east of the Afon Lwyd. DESCRIPTION The remains of a nineteenth century skinyard to the east of the Afon Lwyd.

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-05-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003278, GGATE003743 SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 01/pm desc text/ggat/1991/PROPOSED USK BARRAGE INITIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

PRN 05140g NAME CAERLEON CASTLE TOWER NGR ST341904 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Tower, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Possible remains of Caerleon castle tower. DESCRIPTION Possible remains of Caerleon castle tower.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-05-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES NPRN 95659 GGATE003743

PRN 05154g NAME MILL STREET NGR ST342908 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY This is another number for the buildings excavated off Mill Street = part of E civil settlement 4443g

DESCRIPTION This is another number for the buildings excavated off Mill Street = part of E civil settlement 4443g

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-05-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 4443g GGATE003278, GGATE001218, GGATE003968

SOURCES

GGAT Assessment of land East of Caerleon 1990

PRN 05196g NAME BUILDINGS IN CAERLEON CANABAE (BROADWAY FARM) NGR ST33749034, ST3374890334, ST3376290345 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Excavation of two areas in the garden and barn of Broadway Farm revealed evidence for two Roman buildings. One included a wall with at least eleven courses of masonry. The other seems to have been of less substantial build with at least two rooms.

DESCRIPTION Excavation of two areas in the garden and barn of Broadway Farm revealed evidence for two Roman buildings. In Area 1, the building appeared to be of relatively slight construction, although the olny walls revealed were probabaly interior ones and the outer walls may have been more substantial. One wall consisted of samall blocks of snadstone rubble set in plastic grey-green clay. The other, at right angles to it, was represented by a row of cobbles which appeared to have ben set against some element, possibly a sill-beam, which had not survived. There were at least two rooms within the excavated area, with floors (or subfloors) of pinkish sandy clay, and a possible doorway between them. It was not certain whether the cobbled area to the south lay inside or outside the building. Other features noted were a spread of rubble and a probable pit filled with rubbish. In Area 2 there was evidence for a building with walls consisting of at least eleven courses of roughly squared blocks. This had collapsed over extensive destruction deposits consisting of stone rubble overlying burnt clay and charcoal. This collasped wall may have belonged to Nash-Williams's Building XI, the hypocausted building excavated by in 1955 in the Amphitheatre Field, as it was close to this building’s re co r d e d position and was on the same alignment. However, it

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gives the impression of being less monumental in character.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-12-06 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report no.2006/025 Report Evans, E M 1995 Archaeological field evaluation: Broadway Farm, Caerleon. GGAT report 95/077 01/pm desc text/ggat/1995/FIELD EVALUATION BROADWAY FARM, CAERLEON REPORT NO.GGAT 077 PROJECT NO.282 FIELD EVALUATION BROADWAY FARM CAERLEON

PRN 05197g NAME CAERLEON ENDOWED SCHOOLS BROADWAY ACCESS NGR ST33849055 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Layer of rubble excavated during test pitting prior to the construction of a new wall, with finds comprising of fragments of brick and tile, including part of a legionary tile stamp. Interpreted as a building.

DESCRIPTION Five test pits 1m square and 1m deep were dug on the line of the proposed new wall between the Endowed Schools and the Broadway, to determine the depth of the Roman deposits. Four of the pits did not penetrate below Post-medieval garden soil; the fifth reached a deposit which could represent the top of the Roman levels, at a depth of approximately 1m below the present ground level. Features identified: The only deposit of possible Roman date encountered was in Trial Pit 5, where the mortar and clay pipes which had characterised the Post-medieval rubble ceased at about 1m below the present ground surface (15.72m OD), giving way to rubble which, though in other respects was identical to the Post-medieval rubble, did not appear to contain any material postdating the Roman period. It is therefore provisionally interpreted as a Roman deposit. Finds: A considerable number of artefacts were retrieved, but most of these were of Post-medieval date. Most of the Roman material consisted of fragments of brick and tile, including part of a legionary tile stamp. Conclusions: The proposed new works should not cause any damage to the archaeological resource, provided that the foundations do not penetrate lower than 1m below the present ground surface.

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1997-12-06 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

CAERLEON ENDOWED SCHOOLS (BROADWAY ACCESS) GGAT REPORT NO. 9 01/pm desc text/ggat/1994/CAERLEON ENDOWED SCHOOLS (BROADWAY ACCESS) GGAT REPORT NO. 94/38 PROJECT NO. 189

PRN 05284g NAME THE MYNDE, CASTLE LANE, CAERLEON NGR ST34199055 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Feature, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman cobbled surface found during evaluation excavation. DESCRIPTION Roman cobbled surface found during evaluation excavation.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-01-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD EVALUATION THE MYNDE

PRN 05314g NAME Anti-aircraft battery, Coldra wood NGR ST353898 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Modern, Anti aircraft battery, RANK: 1

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SUMMARY Well preserved gun emplacements, with most of the features surviving, although the ammunition stores lacked blast shutters and the brass gun fitments could not be seen.

DESCRIPTION The main gun emplacements were in a fair condition, with most of the features surviving, although the ammunition stores lacked blast shutters and the brass gun fitments could not be seen. The breeze-block shelters, attached were in poor condition. The earth banks are mostly in place. The pair of southern gun emplacements, built of brick, are of an unusual form; they have been tentatively identified as Bofors gunpoints. Discussion with relevant experts will be necessary as part of future survey work. The Command Post is in fair condition. No heating system was noted. The magazine could not be located, and is a priority for future survey. The southern most feature was apparently an observation post of some sort, but could not be. positively identified at present. Numerous Nissen hut bases could be seen, many being connected to a mains sewage. The road was in poor condition, and should be investigated. No traces of shelters, barbed wire entanglements or minefields could be seen. For a more detailed description of these features see GGAT Building Recording Report (Locock, M., D.M. Andrews and N.J. Wilson, 1992).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003714 DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES Divided into 09620g, Divided into 09621g, Divided into 09622g GGATE003714, GGATE003715

SOURCES Report Locock, M. 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study, Celtic Manor Hotel, Coldra Wood 207 92/02 Report Locock, M., D.M Andrews and N.J. Wilson. 1992 Building Recording, Celtic Manor Golf Course, Gwent. 92 92/02 Celtic Manor Hotel

PRN 05315g NAME COLDRA WOOD NGR ST357900 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, quarry, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Former late-medieval or early-post-medieval quarrying in the northern half of Coldra Wood.

DESCRIPTION Inspection of the woodland revealed extensive quarrying in the northern half; this activity has considerably decreased the archaeological potential of the area. Since the present woodland can be traced to at least the late 18th century, the quarrying is probably medieval- early-post-medieval.

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003714

SOURCES Report Locock, M. 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study, Celtic Manor Hotel, Coldra Wood 207 92/02 Celtic Manor Hotel

PRN 05316.0g NAME COLDRA WOOD NGR ST358900 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Two linear banks and a ditch, forming the northeast boundary of Coldra Wood's present extent, interpreted as a Roman road, or a hollow way serving a local limekiln and quarries.

DESCRIPTION A large bank forming the northeast boundary of Coldra Wood's present extent, with a hollow some 3-4m wide just inside, and an irregular mounded bank, again 3-4m wide, inside that. The southern feature had previously been interpreted as a possible Roman road. Given the intermittent nature of the bank, it was thought more probable that the feature consists of a hollow-way, perhaps serving the lime kiln and quarries. Confirmatory excavation would be required: if the bank was shown to a Roman road, it could connect to Catsash 4. The eastern strip of Coldra Wood was only planted as trees in the late 18th century: before that the footpath in the field to the east may have run along it. Traces of a parallel route can be seen just east of the boundary (Evans 2001)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003714, GGATE001657

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SOURCES Report Evans, E M 2001 Romano-British southeast Wales settlement survey: Final report 726 Report Locock, M. 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study, Celtic Manor Hotel, Coldra Wood 207 92/02 Celtic Manor Hotel

PRN 05317g NAME COLDRA WOOD NGR ST358899 COMMUNITY Langstone TYPE Post-Medieval, Lime kiln, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A well preserved limekiln, dating to the late-18th or early-19th century.

DESCRIPTION A well preserved limekiln, dating to the late-18th or early-19th century.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003714

SOURCES Report Locock, M. 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study, Celtic Manor Hotel, Coldra Wood 207 92/02 Celtic Manor Hotel

PRN 05318g NAME COLDRA FARM NGR ST356902 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Farm, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A well-built Georgian-style farmhouse, with attractive window and door mouldings; rendered sandstone construction. On the NW gable-end is a plaque "Erected 1858 by Thos. Powell". Late 19th century associated farmbuildings.

DESCRIPTION This complex is of interest, bearing in mind the survival of the farm name from early medieval times, suggesting continuity of site. There are three elements of the structure which are of interest: Coldra Farmhouse A well-built Georgian-style farmhouse, with attractive window and door mouldings; rendered sandstone construction. On the NW gable-end is a plaque "Erected 1858 by Thos. Powell". Powell owned the estate at the time, and had just built Coldra House. The building is probably a single-phase structure. Coldra Farm outbuildings A long, well-built, rectangular building, with splayed slit windows in the two-thirds of the length, opposed double doorway and paved threshing floor. The eastern third of the structure contains phases of masonry. The lowest 2m of the eastern gable end has large quoins and a string-course of limestone blocks; above this, the wall. has been rebuilt (probably in the 18th century) with brick quoins. other blocked features of the earlier, building can be seen in the N and S walls. Although the structure has not yet been studied in detail, it is clear that a programme of recording will be required. Coldra Farm barn (NE of Coldra Farm)This is a single-phase structure of probable late 19th century date; it is of interest. The watching brief during demolition recorded the presence of a stone-lined well in the southeast lean-to outbuilding. The well was over 8m deep and had a diameter of 0.9m.

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003714 DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00 CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003715 DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-07-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003714, GGATE003715, GGATE003716

PRN 05320g NAME Quarries, Cock-y-North NGR ST350902 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Quarry, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Two hollows were seen in the field SW of Cock-y-North Farm. From their size and shape they are interpreted as small quarries, and are marked as such on OS maps.

DESCRIPTION Two hollows were seen in the field SW of Cock-y-North Farm. From their size and shape they are interpreted as small quarries: they are marked as such on OS maps.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: Site not accessible due to dense overgrowth (Roberts 2013). RELATED

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EVENT: E004201 DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003714, GGATE004186, GGATE004201

SOURCES Report Locock, M. 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study, Celtic Manor Hotel, Coldra Wood 207 92/02 Report (digital) Roberts, R. 2013 GGAT120: Early Extraction in Glamorgan and Gwent Celtic Manor Hotel

PRN 05321g NAME COCK-Y-NORTH FARM CW 6 NGR ST351903 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Farm, RANK: 1 SUMMARY a058 Celtic Manor Hotel desktop The existing buildings seemed to be of 19th-century date. The position of the farm at the side of the old trackway suggests that there had been another building prior to the present ones, which may be revealed by excavation.

DESCRIPTION A058 Celtic Manor Hotel desktop The existing buildings seemed to be of 19th-century date. The position of the farm at the side of the old trackway suggests that there had been another building prior to the present ones, which may be revealed by excavation. The farm is shown on the 1830 Greenwood's map but is not named and again on the 1840 tithe map. On the 1st edition ordnance survey map (1883). The farm at Cock-y-North is shown as Summerhill. On the 1902 2nd edition OS map is called Cock-y-North. (Locock, 1992). This building consisted of two dwellings. The house survived as a two-storey rendered brick building with a slate roof and lean-to extensions constructed against the north and south gables. Two brick and corrugated-iron sheds lay to the southeast of the farmhouse. It is concluded that the farm complex was probably built in the late 19th century, probably to house two tenant farmers and was subsequently converted to one single domestic unit (Locock, M. D.M. Andrews and N.J. Wilson, 1992).

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003715 DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003714, GGATE003715

PRN 05322.0g NAME COCK-Y-NORTH HOLLOW WAY CW 2 NGR ST352903 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Hollow way, RANK: 1 SUMMARY a058 Celtic Manor Hotel desktop The path from the Catsash Road to the Bulmore Road winds down the hill in a well-defined depression, the classic form of a medieval hollow-way. It- would therefore seem probable that the track (which was used in 18th cent

DESCRIPTION a058 Celtic Manor Hotel desktop The path from the Catsash Road to the Bulmore Road winds down the hill in a well-defined depression, the classic form of a medieval hollow-way. It- would therefore seem probable that the track (which was used in 18th century) at this point is medieval in date, and that it may depart from the Roman route it follows along the ridge.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003714

SOURCES Report Locock, M. 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study, Celtic Manor Hotel, Coldra Wood 207 92/02 Celtic Manor Hotel

PRN 05323g NAME S K Y BB O R FAC H FARM C W 1 3 ) NGR ST351897 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Farm, RANK: 1 SUMMARY a058 Celtic Manor Hotel desktop This complex consists of an east-west residential block, the eastern half of which has been rebuilt, with a raised roof line, and a north-south ancillary building of four bays. The latterhas been surveyed by the Royal Com

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DESCRIPTION a058 Celtic Manor Hotel desktop This complex consists of an east-west residential block, the eastern half of which has been rebuilt, with a raised roof line, and a north-south ancillary building of four bays. The latter has been surveyed by the Royal Commission of Ancient and Historical Monuments. in Wales, and an 18th-century date suggested. The complex is of some interest as a developing farm unit, and would repay survey work. The residential block survived as a two-storey farm house which was a stone-built structure, rendered externally and had a slate roof. The rebuilding work consisted of Dormer windows and extensions being added to the original house. The east end of the main building was bonded to the end wall of an earlier byre. The south elevation contained four Dormer windows and a door towards the south end on the ground floor. To the west of the main section of the house, a two-storey extension had been added, with a single window on the upper floor. There was a second extension which was single storey and had one window located in its west gable. The roof of the main structure was deeply pitched to a central ridge. The roof of the two storey extension was less steep than that of the main house and butted against the gable wall of the original building. The small extension had a flat roof. Between the two western dormers was a single storey extension. There were a pair of dormers on the northern elevation and at the west end the original rectangular windows remained. Another single storey extension obscured this which had a rectangular window in its north elevation and on the south elevation; a door and window and there were two chimneys, rising from the ridge of the roof (Locock, M., D.M. Andrews and N.J. Wilson, 1992).

CONDITION CONDITION: Near Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003714 DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003714, GGATE003715

PRN 05324g NAME Cropmark, COLDRA FARM NGR ST352898 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, cropmark, RANK: 1 SUMMARY a058 Celtic Manor Hotel desktop The summit of the hill in the field to the north of Skybbor Farm was irregular, suggesting that there be traces of occupation (of unknown date), perhaps relating to the parchmarks seen on the aerial photographs. In the woo

DESCRIPTION a058 Celtic Manor Hotel desktop The summit of the hill in the field to the north of Skybbor Farm was irregular, suggesting that there be traces of occupation (of unknown date), perhaps relating to the parchmarks seen on the aerial photographs. In the woodland between the field containing the AA battery and the filter bed there were numerous hollows, 3-10m across, interpreted as quarrying, perhaps post-medieval. The slopes to the east and south of Coldra Farm had areas of disturbed ground, perhaps related to archaeological features.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003714

SOURCES Report Locock, M. 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study, Celtic Manor Hotel, Coldra Wood 207 92/02 Celtic Manor Hotel

PRN 05325g NAME Event record NGR ST354896 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event record E001072

DESCRIPTION See event record E001072 CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

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PRN 05326g NAME COLDRA FARM NGR ST358903 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Site, RANK: 1 SUMMARY a058 Celtic Manor Hotel desktop The summit of the hill in the field to the north of Skybbor Farm was irregular, suggesting that there be traces of occupation (of unknown date), perhaps relating to the parchmarks seen on the aerial photographs. In the woo

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

Celtic Manor Hotel

PRN 05332g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST34239079 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Mill, RANK: 1 SUMMARY GGAT Assessment of land East of Caerleon 1990 - pp16 - Corn mill marked on Tithe Map

DESCRIPTION GGAT Assessment of land East of Caerleon 1990 - pp16 - Corn mill marked on Tithe Map CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-09-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

GGAT Assessment of land East of Caerleon 1990

PRN 05333g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST34479113 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY GGAT Assessment of land East of Caerleon 1990 - pp16 - Skin Yard extant as a range of buildings in 1988

DESCRIPTION GGAT Assessment of land East of Caerleon 1990 - pp16 - Skin Yard extant as a range of buildings in 1988

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-09 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003278

SOURCES

GGAT Assessment of land East of Caerleon 1990

PRN 05348g NAME WOODVILLE NGR ST35919087 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Ggat assessment coldra to earlswood gas pipeline 1990 - pp6 - built between 1840 and 1881 originally called woodville

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DESCRIPTION Ggat assessment coldra to earlswood gas pipeline 1990 - pp6 - built between 1840 and 1881 originally called woodville

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-10 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

Ggat assessment coldra to earlswood gas pipeline 1990

PRN 05359g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST34349214 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Lime kiln, RANK: 1 SUMMARY GGAT assessment coldra to earlswood gas pipeline 1990 -pp20- lime kiln built between 1843-1880

DESCRIPTION Ggat assessment coldra to earlswood gas pipeline 1990 -pp20- lime kiln built between 1843-1880 CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-11 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

Ggat assessment coldra to earlswood gas pipeline 1990

PRN 05367g NAME PEN-Y-LLAN NGR ST35929064 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Ggat assessment coldra to earlswood gas pipeline 1990 - pp 6- pen-y-llan farm on tithe map

DESCRIPTION Ggat assessment coldra to earlswood gas pipeline 1990 - pp 6- pen-y-llan farm on tithe map

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-02-10 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

Ggat assessment coldra to earlswood gas pipeline 1990

PRN 05452g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST33639135 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Not Applicable, Natural feature, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Wessex Assessment Gwent College of Higher Education 1993 - assessment including 30+ trenches (in two separate reports) revealled no archaeology!

DESCRIPTION Wessex Assessment Gwent College of Higher Education 1993 - assessment including 30+ trenches (in two separate reports) revealled no archaeology!

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-03-05 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

Wessex Assessment Gwent College of Higher Education 1993

PRN 05578g NAME RUBBBLE FOUND AT CAERLEON ENDOWED

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SCHOOL NGR ST33809061 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A spread of Roman brick/tile fragments and pieces of sandstone rubble, cut by a narrow trench, of probable 20th century date, found during an evaluation excavation. A spread of larger sandstone rubble was also identified to the north.

DESCRIPTION GGAT Assessment Caerleon Endowed School a115 The Roman layers were overlain by a brown soil, and were 0.6m below the surface. The uppermost Roman deposits on the south of the area consisted of a spread of brick/tile fragments and pieces of sandstone rubble, cut by a narrow trench, of probable 20th century date. To the north of the trench was a spread of larger sandstone rubble. This is probably related to to the possible store building which is believed from excavations in 1928 (E000392) and 1986 (E000439) to be separated from the basilica excitoria (PRN 00569g) by a narrow alleyway.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-03-13 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

GGAT Assessment Caerleon Endowed School a115

PRN 05579g NAME Caerleon Endowed School NGR ST33889058 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Wall, RANK: 1 SUMMARY A section of stone wall of post-medieval date was found immediately beneath the tarmac during evaluation excavation. The evaluation section was not excavated further.

DESCRIPTION GGAT Assessment Caerleon Endowed School a115 The only feature uncovered in this area was a stone wall of post-medieval date, immediately beneath the tarmac. The evaluation section was not excavated further.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-03-13 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 2984 II* CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

GGAT Assessment Caerleon Endowed School a115

PRN 05580g NAME CAERLEON ENDOWED SCHOOL NGR ST33859055 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman deposits, consisting of a layer of mixed clays and small sandstone rubble, possibly a destruction layer, were found during evaluation excavation, 0.9m below the surface.

DESCRIPTION GGAT Assessment Caerleon Endowed School a115 The uppermost Roman deposits consisted of a layer of mixed clays and small sandstone rubble, possibly a destruction layer, 0.9m below the surface. This was overlain by the brown soil seen throughout the site. The brown soil was sealed by a postmedieval flagstone surface. The flagstones were part of an external yard surface, with a drain an the southeast edge.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-03-13 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

GGAT Assessment Caerleon Endowed School a115

PRN 05581g NAME CAERLEON ENDOWED SCHOOL NGR ST33839056 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman deposits, consisting of a destruction layer of sandstone rubble and brick/tile fragments, lm below the surface, were found during evaluation excavation.

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DESCRIPTION GGAT Assessment Caerleon Endowed School a115 The uppermost Roman deposits in this area consisted of a destruction layer of sandstone rubble and brick/tile fragments, lm below the surface, overlain by the brown soil. Construction of the adjacent school had obviously disturbed the Roman deposits, since a 0.3m-deep layer of redeposited clay and rubble underlay the present tarmac playground surface.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-03-13 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

GGAT Assessment Caerleon Endowed School a115

PRN 05630g NAME CAERLEON NGR ST33659075 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Watching Brief during work immediately close to or on the line of the fortress wall found demolition debris, stone, tile brick fragments and some white tesserae, though the material may be the result of earlier excavations on Prysg Field.

DESCRIPTION Watching Brief at Sandy Gate. During clearance of top soil and the digging of footings for garage a watching brief was carried out as the site was immediately close to or on the line of the fortress wall. Only demolition debris, stone, tile brick fragments were found alongside some white tesserae. Material may have come from the earlier excavations of the Prysg Field barrack blocks found by G.A Makepeace, Ty Wen, Llangenny, Crickhowell, Powys NP8IHA

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-03-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 05670g NAME Romano-British Deposits, Bridge House NGR ST34009025 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, feature, RANK: 1 Roman, building, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Extensive and well-preserved Romano-British deposits identified during fieldwork, including wall-footings, rubbish pits, and evidence of industrial activity. Pottery dates from the later 1st century to late 3rd century AD.

DESCRIPTION Extensive and well-preserved Romano-British deposits identified during fieldwork, including wall-footings surviving up to two courses in height and flanked by an area of sandstone slabbing, rubbish pits, and evidence of industrial activity. Pottery dates from the later 1st century to late 3rd century AD. It is noted that it is uncertain whether the activity identified on the site would have been under military organisation or if it formed part of the civilian settlement (canabae), which is known to have developed alongside main roads on the north, west and east of the fort. No features of medieval occupation were encountered though a number of medieval sherds dating to the 12-14th centuries were discovered as well as a few post-medieval sherds possibly reflecting allotment cultivation on site (Barber 1997). Identified as C47 and D15 on Evans 2006 map 1. The importance of the Bridge House material is that it demonstrates the presence of buildings in front of the fortress, and the apparent absence of any significant open space such as existed on the sinistral side (Evans 2006, 5).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E004363 DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-04-02 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE004363

SOURCES Report Barber A. 1997 Land at Bridge House, Caerleon Archaeological Evaluation 539 97/03 Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report

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no.2006/025

PRN 05672.0g NAME CASTLE ACRE , CAERLEON NGR ST34219057 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Barracks, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Trial excavation carried out in 1997 within the eastern corner of the Roman legionary fortress at Castle Acre, Caerleon. The work located the surface of the via sagularis, and two walls relating to the barrack blocks.

DESCRIPTION Archaeological Investigations assessment Castle Acre Caerleon 1997 - Between May 12th 1997 and May 15th 1997 an evaluation by trial excavation was carried out in the eastern corner of the Roman legionary fortress at Castle Acre, Caerleon. The work comprised two 5m by 1.6m trenches, one 8.5m by 1.8m trench and a 1.2m by 1.2m trench. These were excavated to a maximum depth of 1.2m beneath the present ground surface. Previous excavations on the site in 1929 (Hawkes 1930) demonstrated the presence of rampart defences comprising a bank and later wall, a rampart road (via sagularis) and buildings internal to the fort interpreted as barrack blocks. A number of other structures were also identified including later buildings (possibly mid 2nd century AD) constructed on the rampart and a furnace house built on to the back of the corner bastion of the fort. Most of the features identified during these excavations lay c. 1.2m below what was then the ground surface. Features exposed in the base of the evaluation trenches were recorded and samples were collected for environmental analysis to determine the levels of preservation within deposits on the site. The enviromnental samples were evaluated for the preservation of insect remains, plant macrofossils and carbonised botanical remains. Finds of pottery, building material, glass and metal were also retained for further analysis. Due to the constraints of the planning process the results of all these assessments are not covered by this report but will be supplied as an additional report. The trial excavations located deposits dating form the Roman period, contemporary with the known occupation of the legionary fort. The easternmost trench, within the proposed swimming pool, lay on the line of the old rampart but there was no conclusive evidence of this feature within the trench. Immediately to the west of this a further trench located the surface of the via sagularis. This did not appear to be the latest of the four phases of road surface as described by Hawkes (1930; p ). To the west of this two walls relating to the barrack blocks were located within another trench. These ran north-east/south-west and were separated by c. 4m. Between the walls a spread of rubble comprising stones and tiles with odd sherds of pottery lay above a compacted pink gravel/clay floor. A deposit matching the description of this floor was identified by Hawkes in 1929. The fourth trench which was excavated on the west side of the present day house did not locate any deposits of Roman date. Within this trench layers of soil and pale orange clay continued for 0.4m beneath the excavated base of the trench which lay at 1.2m beneath the ground surface. Vffilst sherds of Roman pottery were recovered from these layers, they were mixed in with slag, coal and china implying the deposits originate from the 19th century. It is possible that these deposits represent a backfilled, unrecorded antiquarian excavation. Either way the archaeological levels have almost certainly been destroyed in this location. V;Mlst the remains uncovered are likely to be of national importance, they are deeply enough buried to enable a mitigation strategy to be developed which would preserve the archaeology below any foundations laid.

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE002231

SOURCES

PRN 05816g NAME SANDY GATE NGR ST34229060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Ditch, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Watching brief on groundworks to the east of a house named 'Sandy Gate', which is situated close to the outer wall line of the Legionary Fortress in the area known as the "Prsyg Field', revealed the cut of a possible ditch and possible building debris.

DESCRIPTION Makepiece assessment Sandy Gate Caerleon 1997 - The work comprised of monitoring the excavation for the footings for a double garage at the east side of the house called 'Sandy Gate'. The house is situated close to the outer wall line of the Legionary Fortress in the area known as the "Prsyg Field', hence the need for a watching brief. Though there was no evidence of the fortress wall, there was evidence of some activity, though possibly dateable by conjecture, of an east-west cut into the natural clays. Whether this was evidence for the ditch in front of the wall is not known, but the line of the cut was parallel to that of the projected defences. In front of this cut, appeared to be a large and extensive area of loosely packed debris of broken sandstone and soil with the occasional tile/brick and white 'tesserae'. No features were found associated with this 'debris'. Into this, were cut later features.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-04-03 00:00:00

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 05892.0g NAME CAERLEON-USK ROMAN ROAD, WEST BANK ROUTE NGR ST34299102, ST34159082 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Alternative route of Roman road Caerleon to Usk, clearly attested at its S (Caerleon end) where it was partly excavated on the Mill Street Smallholding site.

DESCRIPTION This route is clearly attested at its S (Caerleon end) where it was partly excavated on the Mill Street Smallholding site. It left the porta principalis sinistra and traversed the site, where it could be traced as far the eastern side of the Smallholding. Beyond this point, the marked change of level from the Smallholding to the adjacent field indicates that the immediate continuation of the road is likely to have been washed out, but on a direct line in the opposite bank of the Afon Lwyd, a localised and deep band of cobbles probably represents the road as it proceeds towards the known cemetery area on this side of the river. The ultimate destination of the road is Usk where there was a fort. As the base of this road was seen only in a small sondage and the watching brief on the sewage pipe trench and no datable material was recovered from it, it is not possible to determine when it was constructed, but since it forms part of the network radiating from the fortress it seems likely that it was laid down when the fortress was constructed. The depth of the road deposits noted is consistent with heavy use over a prolonged period. Some deliberate build up to counteract flooding is possible, but the depth of the clay and charcoal banding seen to the south of the road during the watching brief on the sewage pipe trench (p000) suggests that flooding was not a major problem on this part of the site where the natural ground level is higher. On the E bank of the Afon Lwyd, the Usk Road/Twin Oaks cemetery (PRN 649g/658g) is probably connected with this road. Beyond the point, the east bank route is pure conjecture. Margary suggests it follows the course of the lane along the Llanhannock ridge, then track and footpath to Cwrt Bledyn Hotel where it resumes line of modern E bank road to Usk.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-03-06 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001218, GGATE003968 SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 01/pm desc text/Evans/EM/forthcoming/The Caerleon canabae: Excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90. Britannia Monograph 02/pm desc text/Margary/ID/1967/Roman roads in Britain/p333

PRN 05892.1g NAME CAERLEON-USK ROMAN ROAD, WEST BANK ROUTE NGR ST3412890807, ST3422390947 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, road, RANK: - SUMMARY A length of this road as it left the porta principalis sinistra of Caerleon fortress was examined by excavation. A depth of at least 3m of successive reconstructions overlay a brushwood raft, and the final phase was provided with drains lined with massive blocks of sandstone and conglomerate.

DESCRIPTION Part of the road as it left the fortress at Caerleon was excavated in 1985-86, and further examined in the watching brief of 1988. Before the construction of the Centurion Gate/Cambria Close development, a marked ridge ran towards the river from the plateau upon which the fortress was built at the point eastwards from the point at which the via principalis left the east gate of the fortress (the porta principalis sinistra). It ended at the eastern boundary of the area under investigation with an abrupt drop to the alluvial flats of the Afon Lwyd. A small area of the northern side of the road fell within the area of excavation in the Smallholding (West). Given the limited time available for excavation on this site, it proved possible to investigate only the latest drain: two road surfaces were observed and described but not excavated. During the groundworks on the Smallholding (East), the topsoil stripping exposed an extensive area of the latest surface; grading operations created in a section through the latest levels of the road; and the digging of a sewer trench provided the opportunity to check the thickness of the road deposits already established at approximately 3m by a geotechnical pit, and show that the bottom layer of road makeup had been constructed on a raft of brushwood laid down over natural alluvial sandy silts. The penultimate phase of construction was characterised by a carefully-laid surface of graded cobbles and pebbles with a slight slope to the north. An unlined roadside ditch was noted on its northern side. The road was repaired twice, but neither repair involved more than the construction of a new surface (both of a quality equal to the initial one): no making-up was

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required. In the final phase the road was completely remade, the most striking feature being the new kerbs which were made out of massive blocks of sandstone and conglomerate similar to those used in Buildings 13 and 14 (PRNs 10844g, 10845g). Similar blocks also formed the northern lining of the drain on the north side of the road; but it was not possible to establish whether there had been a southern drain. The average width of the road was 10.0m (over the kerbs but not the drains). The assemblage coarse pottery from the fill of the final drains is unlikely to have extended much beyond the early 4th century.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 05131g, related PRN 10841g, related PRN 10842g GGATE002311, GGATE001057

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report no.2006/025 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 05894.0g NAME MAIN ROAD IN CANABAE TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST341909, ST3408890976, ST3412390948, ST3413890934, ST3418090922, ST3423690854, ST3425590842 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Major street in the civil settlement at Caerleon, running parallel with the sinistral defences of the fortress, and the modern Mill Street. Constructed ?before the 3rd century, and in use probably to the mid 4th century (Evans 2000, 38-46).

DESCRIPTION The main north-south road in that part of the civil settlement to the east of the fortress at Caerleon ran roughly at right angles to the continuation of the via principalis, which left the fortress on its way to Usk; parallel with the modern Mill Street. During the excavation it was conceived of as being a 'bypass' road to the fortress, and was therefore referred to as the bypass in the interim report. Identified as B9 and B11 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. It was excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Cambria House site. It was not possible to examine the junction and therefore, although it is generally treated as a single entity meeting the via principalis continuation at a crossroads, it is also possible that there was a staggered junction, with the two separate sections to north and south PRNs 05894.1g and 05894.2g) not aligned. Even if it was a single road, the southern section was probably constructed before the northern section. Although the foundation date of the southern part cannot be accurately established, it was in use by phase 3 of Building 1 (PRN10857g), ie before AD 180. The dating evidence for the northern part indicates that it was not constructed before the mid 2nd century at the earliest.

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 05131g GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Edith Evans 2000 The Caerleon Canabae: Excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 05894.1g NAME MAIN ROAD IN CANABAE TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST3423690854, ST3425590842 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, road, RANK: - SUMMARY The section of the road to the south of the via principalis continuation at Caerleon. It was not possible to carry out much excavation of this part of the road, but it was clear that it had been surfaced many times with cobbles, and there were traces of a ditch pre-dating the final period on the west side at least.

DESCRIPTION The section of the road to the south of the via principalis continuation at Caerleon was only examined on the Cambria House site, where time did not permit the excavation of a section through its whole depth. Identified as B11 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. The road had been surfaced many times with cobbles, and there were traces of a ditch pre-dating the final period on the west side. No definite road drains were noted at all on the east side, but it is possible that there may initially have been one in the early phases which was not

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reached during the excavation. A short length of ditch bordered the east side of the road surface during the 2nd century. In the final phase it seems likely that the western side of the road was at least partly defined by a row of massive sandstone and conglomerate blocks which lay some 6m from the eastern side of the road, and which, where it survived, appeared to limit the extent of the final surface, and were also incorporated into the structure of Building 21 (PRN10863g). During the trial excavations on Millmead, it could be seen that the road did not continue running south from the Cambria House site. There are therefore three possibilities (1) part of the settlement (along with the road) has been lost to river erosion; (2) the road turned to run round the southeast corner of the fortress; or (3) the road terminated shortly after the furthest point south reached in the Cambria House excavations.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-06 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 05131g GGATE001057, GGATE003968, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 05894.2g NAME MAIN ROAD IN CANABAE TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST3408890976, ST3412390948, ST3413890934, ST3418090922 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, road, RANK: - SUMMARY The section of the road to the south of the via principalis continuation at Caerleon. Its history was elucidated through the excavation of a number of sections. After its initial construction in the mid to late 2nd century, there had been three major resurfacings, usually also involving the redesign of the road ditches/drains, and numerous episodes of local patching within each phase. The road went out of use in the 4th century.

DESCRIPTION The best-understood part of this road is the part to the north of the via principalis continuation at Caerleon. Identified as B9 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. The exact position of the edges of the road varied from period to period, and it was not always possible to define the edges with any certainty, but the width was in the region of 10m. In Phase 1 (mid to late 2nd century), the excavated section of the road consisted of a cobbled surface over a bottoming variously of cobbles or rubble. It had been patched, and was then overlain by a deposit of loam that incorporated material which may have been derived from the destruction of buildings, before the surface of the Phase 2, pink sandy clay and cobbles, was laid. Phase 3 of the north-south road consisted of a cambered carriageway, probably with ditches on both sides. The surface did not survive well, being represented by a small area of what appeared to be the original surface together with some patches derived from resurfacing. Elsewhere the Phase 3 carriageway was represented by the make-up. The western ditch was bounded by cobbles on both sides, whereas the eastern ditch had no special treatment of its edges. A layer of loam, not present everywhere, divided Phase 4 from Phase 3. Over this had been laid a band of rubble to level out the camber before the surface was laid. The most striking feature of this phase was the provision of a drains lined by large blocks of sandstone and conglomerate, visible at various places on either side of the road, although at the point where the section was excavated on the Riding School Field site the eastern drainage ditch continued in use and was not replaced by a stone-lined drain, unlike on the west. In places, the drain lining was utilised as the base of the outer walls of some of the buildings. The final surface has a terminus post quem of AD 272. A small cobble-lined culvert running across the width of the road was also noted. The fill of the ditches and drains contains some of the latest pottery from the site, no earlier than the early to mid 4th century, potentially at the later end of the range.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-07 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated with 05892.0g GGATE001057, GGATE003968, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 05895.0g NAME VIA PRINCIPALIS (THE BROADWAY), CAERLEON NGR ST3362090270 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Roman road 'The Broadway' going to Caerleon Quay.

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DESCRIPTION Roman road 'The Broadway' going to Caerleon Quay. (01)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-04-06 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01. Boon G, Ed (1978) Monographs and Collections I: Roman Sites

PRN 06119g NAME BEECHWOOD PARK NGR ST333887 COMMUNITY Beechwood TYPE Post-Medieval, Garden, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Beechwood Park gardens DESCRIPTION Beechwood Park gardens Late nineteenth-century urban landscape park

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1998-05-07 00:00:00

STATUS registered parks and gardens PGW(Gt) 18 II CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

PRN 06174g NAME FINDSPOT AT CAERLEON NGR ST341903 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Mount, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Bronze mount or phalera (Medusa head) c2nd century A.D

DESCRIPTION Bronze mount or phalera with mask. decorative border (lower portion missing) pierced by three rivet holes (one probably missing). Design depicts Medusa head, full face. c. 2nd century A.D

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2002-05-10 00:00:00

STATUS PSAC , SSSI CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

01/Pm Desc Text/2001 March/Evans EM/GGAT 63 Romano-British South East Wales Settlement Survey/SMR 726

PRN 07044g NAME Cropmarks Priory Wood NGR ST35919051 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Marching camp, RANK: 1 SUMMARY part of marching camp seen on aps - ggat assessment Priory Wood 1993 (A162)

DESCRIPTION part of marching camp seen on aps - ggat assessment Priory Wood 1993

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1999-03-16 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003277

SOURCES Report N A Page & A G Marvell 1994 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Land at Priory Wood, Gwent 287 94/02 ggat assessment priory wood 1993

PRN 07045g NAME Marching Camp Priory Wood NGR ST35979058 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Marching camp, RANK: 1

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SUMMARY part of marching camp preserved in field boundarys - ggat assessment Priory Wood 1993 (A162)

DESCRIPTION part of marching camp preserved in field boundarys - ggat assessment Priory Wood 1993 CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 1999-03-16 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003277 SOURCES Report N A Page & A G Marvell 1994 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Land at Priory Wood, Gwent 287 94/02 ggat assessment priory wood 1993

PRN 07631g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35909081 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Trackway, RANK: 1 SUMMARY adam bulmore DESCRIPTION adam bulmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 07632g NAME Event record NGR ST35649118 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY See event E001073

DESCRIPTION See event E001073 CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

PRN 07633g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35619098 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Feature, RANK: 1 SUMMARY adam bulmore

DESCRIPTION adam bulmore (area of cobbling and box drain)

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 07634g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35879094 COMMUNITY Caerleon

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TYPE Unknown, Dam, RANK: 1 SUMMARY adam bulmore

DESCRIPTION adam bulmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 07635g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35899095 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Platform, RANK: 1 SUMMARY adam bulmore DESCRIPTION adam bulmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 07636g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35549150 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Bank (earthwork), RANK: 1 SUMMARY Adam bulmore

DESCRIPTION adam bulmore CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279 SOURCES

PRN 07638g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST358910 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Modern, Cistern, RANK: 1 SUMMARY adam bulmore

DESCRIPTION adam bulmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 07639g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35599123 COMMUNITY Caerleon

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TYPE Unknown, Findspot, RANK: 1 SUMMARY adam bulmore

DESCRIPTION adam bulmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 07640g NAME Little Bulmore NGR ST35659115 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Structure, RANK: 1 SUMMARY adam bulmore DESCRIPTION adam bulmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS listed building 3063 II CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 07643g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST33769064 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY trial trench revealed well made roman road surface with some medieval intrusion

DESCRIPTION Trial trench revealed what was interpreted as a well made roman road surface with some medieval intrusion. However, cross-reference with the information on the so-called basilica excitoria (PRN 00569g) indicates that this is probably the portico with gravelled metalling which flanked itsnorth (northwest) side.

CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 00569g

SOURCES

PRN 07645g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35369076 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Trackway, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Adam bulmore

DESCRIPTION Adam bulmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279 SOURCES

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PRN 07646g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35489119 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Drainage system, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Adam bulmore DESCRIPTION Adam bulmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 07647g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35099060 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Field boundary, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Adam bulmore

DESCRIPTION Adam bulmore CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279 SOURCES

PRN 07648g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35239083 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Platform, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Adam bulmore

DESCRIPTION Adam bulmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 07650g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35549095 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Platform, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Adam bulmore

DESCRIPTION Adam bulmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

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PRN 07651g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35549105 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Earthwork, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Adam bulmore DESCRIPTION Adam bulmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 07652g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35509117 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Earthwork, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Adam bulmore

DESCRIPTION Adam bulmore CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279 SOURCES

PRN 07653g NAME SITE NAME NOT KNOWN NGR ST35749139 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Site, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Soil mark at bullmore

DESCRIPTION adam bullmore

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

PRN 07654g NAME Adam Bulmore NGR ST35689123 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, Geological marks, RANK: 1 SUMMARY No further information currently available.

DESCRIPTION No further information currently available.

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003279

SOURCES

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PRN 07707g NAME CASTLE ACRE, CAERLEON NGR ST34219057 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY See PRN 05672.0g DESCRIPTION See PRN 05672.0g

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE002231

SOURCES

01. Boucher A (1997) Castle Acre, Castle Lane, Caerleon: Archaeology Trial Excavations, Hereford Archaeology Series 319

PRN 07762g NAME CAERLEON-CAERPHILLY ROMAN ROAD (LINEAR FEATURE) NGR ST340906 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Postulated line of road following lower Rhymney valley, and associated with settlement of Lower Machen.

DESCRIPTION Postulated line of road following lower Rhymney valley, and associated with settlement of Lower Machen.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2002-05-10 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062

PRN 07869g NAME 6 HIgh Street, Caerleon NGR ST33959056 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, House, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Probable 18th century house situated between the Museum and the Roman Baths site, Caerleon. DESCRIPTION Situated on the north-east side of the road, between the Museum and the Roman Baths site. It is probably of a late 18th century date, comprising a 2-storey, three window house, with pebbledash render to the front and a pan-tile roof. Listed as a late 18th century house retaining significant historic character.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2001-07-06 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 21923 II CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001656

SOURCES

PRN 08151g NAME CAERLEON CHURCHYARD NGR ST33939063 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Churchyard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The churchyard, which is now irregular in shape, was shown as quadrangular on the tithe map of 1840, but with a slightly curved N side. It is flat.

DESCRIPTION The churchyard, which is now irregular in shape, was shown as quadrangular on the tithe map of 1840, but with a slightly curved N side. It is flat. The present boundary consists of coursed rubble walls; with High Street and Museum Street the wall takes the form of a sill wall topped by railings. There is a lych gate at the W end of the N side, and paths to the porch and round the W side of the church to the secondary entrance, which is a single gate at the W end. The churchyard cross (PRN 556g) still survives, and the memorials have been partly cleared. Evans 1997 GGAT 51 Historic Churches Project

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CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 0555g, related PRN 0556g SOURCES Report Evans, E M 1997 Gwent Historic Churches Survey: Churches in the Diocese of Monmouth, Archdeaconry of Newport Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project

PRN 08155g NAME CHRISTCHURCH CHURCHYARD NGR ST34678936 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Churchyard, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The churchyard is shown on the 1840 tithe map as a curved trapezoidal shaper, the curvilinear side being on the E next to the road.

DESCRIPTION The churchyard is shown on the 1840 tithe map as a curved trapezoidal shaper, the curvilinear side being on the E next to the road. It slopes down from S to W, and also slightly towards the W; the W end of the church is slightly terraced above the surrounding area. The main entrance is from the S through a lych gate, and there are also single gates in the NE and NW corners. Evans 1997 GGAT 51 Historic Churches Project

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 0221g SOURCES Report Evans, E M 1997 Gwent Historic Churches Survey: Churches in the Diocese of Monmouth, Archdeaconry of Newport Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project

PRN 08314g NAME MERTHIR IVN ET AARON/MARTIRES IULII ET AARON NGR ST32418995 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Early Medieval, Shrine, RANK: 1 SUMMARY First mentioned in the Llandaff charters, LL225 (c862).The name is sufficiently distinctive to place it in St Julians, Newport, especially since one of the boundaries in the River Usk.

DESCRIPTION First mentioned in the Llandaff charters, LL225 (c862); grant of 'totum territorium Sactorum Martirum Iulii et Aaron [Methir Iun et Aaron in title).& cum totum sua dignitate & priuiligio et refugio' [='all the lands of the holy martyrs Julius and Aaron, and with all their dignity, privalege and right of sanctuary), previously belonging to Dyfrig, by Wulferth, Hegoi and Arwystl, sons of Beli, to Bishop Nudd (Davies 1979, 121). The name is sufficiently distinctive to place it at the medieval chapel of SS Julius and Aaron in St Julians, Newport (PRN 00211g), especially since one of the boundaries in the River Usk. Evans 2003: GGAT 73 Early-Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project database

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 653g

SOURCES Book Evans, J G 1893 The text of the Book of Llandaff Book Davies, W 1979 The Llandaff charters Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project

PRN 08358g NAME EARLY MEDIEVAL INHUMATION AT ROMAN GATES, CAERLEON NGR ST340907 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Early Medieval, Inhumation, RANK: 1 SUMMARY The burial of a young woman was cut into Barrack Block B of the Roman Gates site, aligned NW-SE. Radio carbon date (CAR 395) of 705+-60 (late 7th or early 8th century)

DESCRIPTION The burial of a young woman was cut into Barrack Block B of the Roman Gates site, aligned

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NW-SE. Radio carbon date (CAR 395) of 705+-60 (late 7th or early 8th century) (Evans and Metcalf 1992, 75). Evans 2003: GGAT 73 Early-Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project database

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2004-03-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 02342g GGATE001386

SOURCES Book Evans, D. and Metcalf, V 1992 Roman Gates Caerleon Evans EM, 2003-04, GGAT 73 Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Sites Project

PRN 08884g NAME Pill NGR ST3351189778 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Not Applicable, pill, RANK: - SUMMARY An unnamed pill, depicted on the 1st edition OS map (1883).

DESCRIPTION An unnamed pill, depicted on the 1st edition OS map (1883). The pill is approximately 80m in length and around 10m wide at its mouth where it opens into the River Usk. The feature is aligned north-south and there are no apparent meanders. (01 Dunning)

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001291 DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-04-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001291, GGATE001377

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062

PRN 08885g NAME Slipway NGR ST3416090349 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, slipway, RANK: - SUMMARY A post-medieval slipway.

DESCRIPTION A post-medieval slipway situated close to the medieval Hanbury Tower (00543g) which itself is adjacent to Hanbury arms public house. Due to the proximity of this section of the riverbank to the Hanbury Tower it is possible that the area was utilised as a harbour during the medieval period. (01 Dunning)

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001292 DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-04-28 00:00:00

STATUS listed building 26127 II CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001377

SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062

PRN 08886g NAME Drainage channel NGR ST3464790366 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, drainage channel, RANK: - SUMMARY A post-medieval drainage channel.

DESCRIPTION A post-medieval drainage channel. (01 Dunning)

CONDITION CONDITION: Near Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001292 DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-04-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001292, GGATE001377, GGATE003278 SOURCES Dunning, R and Howell, J 2005 Waterfronts in southeast Wales: Phase 2, Volume 2, gazetteer 2062

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PRN 09200g NAME Roman Structure, Caerleon Comprehensive School NGR ST3347390679 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Structure, RANK: - SUMMARY A substabtial stone wall revealed during excavation of an evaluation trench at Caerleon Comprehensive School. The foundations of the wall consisted of large river bed boulders and in places survived to a height of three courses of stone above the foundation layer. The wall may represent the remains of a Roman building.

DESCRIPTION A substabtial stone wall revealed during excavation of an evaluation trench at Caerleon Comprehensive School. The foundations of the wall consisted of large river bed boulders and in places survived to a height of three courses of stone above the foundation layer. The wall may represent the remains of a Roman building. Remains of a winged corridor building (00573g) were discovered to the south of this wall.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E000946 DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-02-09 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000946

SOURCES Turner, J. G. 2008 Evaluation Land at Caerleon Comprehensive School, Newport 2612 209/01

PRN 09201g NAME Roman Storehouse, Caerleon Legionary Fortress NGR ST3393290455 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Storehouse, RANK: - SUMMARY A stone-built Roman store building and associated yard surface found during excavations of Caerleon Legionary Fortress (Priory Field).

DESCRIPTION A stone-built Roman store building found during excavations of Caerleon Legionary Fortress (Priory Field). Remains consisted of cobble foundations, the lowest courses of walls running north-south, which had been extensively robbed, lower dressed courses of, perhaps three, interior east-west walls and an area of re-laid flagstones (Guest and Gardner 2008). A series of less substantial stone walls, which may be contemporary with the storehouse were also uncovered.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E000950 DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-02-09 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000950, GGATE003591 SOURCES Guest, P. Gardner, A. 2008 Caerleon: Excavations in Priory Field, 2008: Interim Report 2615 209/02

PRN 09202g NAME Medieval Farm Buidling, Caerleon Legionary Fortress NGR ST3393290455 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, Farm Building, RANK: - SUMMARY An area of broken flagstones (possibly reused from an earlier Roman storehouse at the site: PRN 09201g), possibly associated with a single stone wall which may indicate a that there was once a timber structure. The structure is hypothesised as most likely being a cowshed (Guest and Gardner 2008).

DESCRIPTION An area of broken flagstones (possibly reused from an earlier Roman storehouse at the site: PRN 09201g), possibly associated with a single stone wall which may indicate a that there was once a timber structure. The structure is hypothesised as most likely being a cowshed. Other features include a stone-lined pit containing charred organic material (Guest and Gardner 2008).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E000950 DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-02-09 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE000950, GGATE003591

SOURCES Guest, P. Gardner, A. 2008 Caerleon: Excavations in Priory Field, 2008: Interim Report 2615 209/02

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PRN 09333g NAME Roman Workshop, Caerleon NGR ST3379990567 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Workshop, RANK: - SUMMARY Large workshop building identified through excavation and geophysical survey, evidence for metal working and tool making were uncovered in 2007.

DESCRIPTION Large workshop building identified through excavation and geophysical survey, evidence for metal working and tool making were uncovered in 2007.

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001404 DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-09-09 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001404 SOURCES Report Bond, J. B. Robic, J-Y and Ponsford, M. 2009 An Archaeological Excavation at Caerleon Endowed Junior School 2007 2673 209/05

PRN 09334g NAME Roman Buildings, Caerleon NGR ST3350090330 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, Structure, RANK: - SUMMARY Excavation allowed 'keyhole' identification of three walls, an area of masonry rubble, floor layers and other deposits along Broadway. On Green 3 of Caerleon golf course an isolated building was discovered. Detailed plan of further building has been revealed by geophysical survey.

DESCRIPTION Building and street plans identified in good detail from the results of geophysical survey of the area (Young 2007). Buildings follow line of those already known to have existed along the Via Principalis. The remains of four of these Roman buildings were identified during limited excavation during construction of a new driving range and Junior Golf Course. Excavation allowed 'keyhole' identification of three walls, an area of masonry rubble, floor layers and other deposits along Broadway. On Green 3 of Caerleon golf course an isolated building with three drystone walls was discovered, possibly part of a series of buildings along a known Roman Street, previously excavated (Bond, Robic and Ponsford 2009).

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001409 DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-09-10 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE001409, GGATE000071

SOURCES Report Bond, J. B. Robic, J-Y and Ponsford, M. 2009 Archaeological Watching Brief and Excavations at Caerleon Municipal Golf Course 2678 209/05 Report Young, T. (Dr) 2007 Geophysical Survey at Caerleon Golf Driving Range 2878 2011/03

PRN 09340g NAME Caerleon Roman Findspots NGR ST3249090920 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, findspot, RANK: - SUMMARY Roman material found during development by a local

DESCRIPTION Roman material found during development by a local including a pot, fragments of tegula, possibly two pieces of tegula and two worked stones.

CONDITION CONDITION: Moved DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2009-09-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES

01/Desc Text and map/1992/C.Bibby/Copy in further information file.

PRN 09430g NAME Trinity view, Caerleon NGR ST3243090933 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Modern, dwelling, RANK: -

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SUMMARY Developed site with no archaeological significant. A few artefacts were found during a watching brief (E003545)

DESCRIPTION Developed site with no archaeological significant. A few artefacts were found during a watching brief (E003545)

CONDITION CONDITION: Intact DESCRIPTION: A modern development. RELATED EVENT: E003545 DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-03-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003545 SOURCES Report (digital) Monmouth Archaeology 2011 Trinity View, Caerleon, Newport 3013

PRN 09488g NAME Little Bulmore Farm barn NGR ST35659115 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, barn, RANK: - SUMMARY The barn formed part of a farm complex. The building was a small single-storey threshing barn of rectangular plan with one internal division and through-passage doorways, common type for the area.

DESCRIPTION The barn formed part of a farm complex. The building was a small single-storey threshing barn of rectangular plan with one internal division and through-passage doorways, common type for the area. Constructed of undressed roughly coursed reddish-brown, greenish-grey and grey local sandstone with quoins of the same stone but slightly larger and a pinkish grey and white mortar. Externally the barn measured 11.5m northwest/southeast and 6.9m northeast/southwest. The building was partly ruinous, lacking most of the timber work, a roof covering and some stonework. The barn showed evidence of a changer of use from a threshing barn to another unknown purpose. These changes consisted of blocked up doorways and the insertion of a metallic window frame of likely modern date. Large blocks of conglomerate and occasional orange coloured bricks believed to be of Roman date and reused during the construction of the barn.

CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: Demolished see event E003281 RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2011-05-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003281

SOURCES Report Tuck, M 2004 Celtic Manor Ryder Cup course extension, Little Bulmore Farm barn, Newport: Building Survey 1675 204/09

PRN 09615g NAME Roman Building, Isca Road NGR ST3443690140 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, structure, RANK: - SUMMARY A large Roman structure was exposed during a watching brief at the modern building built on top (E003653).

DESCRIPTION A large Roman structure was exposed during a watching brief at the modern building built on top (E003653). The wall of the structure appeared at a depth of 1.10m and was 0.90m across at the western edge of the exposed area, and extends to a depth of 1.60m. The structure seems to have been associated with disturbed flooring on the south and a narrow drain against it on the north. On the south-west a large fawn-coloured, bevel-edged, sandstone block, measuring approximately 0.55m square and 0.36m depth, may be the base for a column. A possible Roman road (PRN 09616g) was found within the same room as the structure and appear to be related.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: The remains of the building were partially excavated during a watching brief. RELATED EVENT: E003653 DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-06-07 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES Related PRN 09616g GGATE003653

SOURCES Report Clarke, S. and Bray, J. 2011 the Retreat, Isca Road, Caerleon 3104 2012/06

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PRN 09616g NAME Roman Road, Isca Road, Caerleon NGR ST3443690140 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, road, RANK: - SUMMARY A cobbled surface was revealed within the same room as a Roman structure (PRN 09615g) and continued under the eastern wall of the modern building currently occupying the site - towards Isca Road. The construction, depth of the make up beneath the surface cobbles, seems to be evidence that this was the Roman road.

DESCRIPTION A cobbled surface was revealed within the same room as a Roman structure (PRN 09615g) and continued under the eastern wall of the modern building currently occupying the site - towards Isca Road. The construction, depth of the make up beneath the surface cobbles, seems to be evidence that this was the Roman road.

CONDITION CONDITION: Submerged DESCRIPTION: Part of the road was exposed during a watching brief. RELATED EVENT: E003653 DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-06-07 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES Related PRN 09615g GGATE003653 SOURCES Report Clarke, S. and Bray, J. 2011 the Retreat, Isca Road, Caerleon 3104 2012/06

PRN 09619g NAME Quarrying, Coldra Wood NGR ST354896 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, quarry, RANK: - SUMMARY Quarrying believed to be post-medieval.

DESCRIPTION In woodland, numerous hollows measuring 3-10m were noted and interpreted as quarrying. These features were presumed to be post-medieval.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-07-23 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003714

SOURCES Report Locock, M. 1992 Archaeological Desk Top Study, Celtic Manor Hotel, Coldra Wood 207 92/02

PRN 09620g NAME Gun Emplacement NGR ST353898 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Modern, gun emplacement, RANK: - SUMMARY Three types of Gun Emplacements were recorded associated with the WWII anti-aircraft battery and there were seven structures in all.

DESCRIPTION Seven gun emplacements (three different types) associated with the WWII anti-aircraft battery were recorded as follows: Gun Emplacement Type 1: A single breeze-block emplacement was located 40m to the southeast of the main battery. The wall of this emplacement was protected by an external earth bank and there was a single entrance from the north to the interior of the emplacement. The floor consisted of concrete slabs and the walls were 1m high. There were three niches cut into the bank on the north side; the largest may have been a gun position and the smaller ones were ammunition stores. It is likely that this emplacement housed a light weapon. Gun Emplacement Type 2: Two square brick-built gun emplacements were located to the southeast of the battery's main guns. These emplacements were entered from the northwest and north by concrete roadways. They were identical structures in plan and the interior formed a square with a floor of concrete slabs. Off the main square there were ammunitions stores which had concrete roofs and set central to the emplacement was a square mounting for a gun. A latter cutting for a conduit through the floor suggests that a remote control system may have been added at a later point. The location of these emplacements suggests that the post-date the construction of the main battery. Gun Emplacement Type 3: Four concrete emplacements were arranged in a semi-circle to the southeast of the command post. The emplacement consisted of a circular earth bank, with an inner face revetted by a breeze-block wall. The interior had a concrete floor of 8.5m in diameter. This also had a duct cut through for remote control. It had three ammunition stores and a brick-built shelter and within the bank there was a reinforced shelter with benches possibly for gun crew.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near Intact DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003715 DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-07-23 00:00:00

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES Division of 05314g, Related PRN 09621g, Related PRN 09622g GGATE003715

SOURCES Report Locock, M., D.M Andrews and N.J. Wilson. 1992 Building Recording, Celtic Manor Golf Course, Gwent. 92 92/02

PRN 09622g NAME Nissen Huts, Coldra Wood. NGR ST3521189788 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Modern, nissen hut, RANK: - SUMMARY The surviving foundations of Nissen huts were located to the west of the gun emplacements. Three groups of huts were identified. There was one group of six huts, one group of fourteen huts and one group of two huts.

DESCRIPTION The surviving foundations of Nissen huts were located to the west of the gun emplacements (09620g). Three groups of huts were identified. Group 1: This is a group of six huts. The most northerly of these huts (hut 10) measured 11mx5m and had a concrete base with brick walls 1.5m in height. There were central openings in the north and south of this structure. The entrance in the Northern wall was 2.1m across and the one in the southern wall was 0.9m. This building may have housed the magazine for the battery. Only the concrete base of hut 11 remained and to the south and square to hut 11 a 16mx5m concrete base remained (hut 12). There was an annex attached to the west of this hut, which was possibly a lavatory block. Two other huts were recorded (13 and 14) were also recorded. To the east of huts 13 and 14 another 15.8m hut was located. Group 2: There were fourteen huts recorded in this group which were on a northeast/southwest axis. The concrete bases of 16 and 17 remained, with a flight of steps also remaining, leading down from the concrete base to ground level at the end of hut 17. Only the concrete bases of huts 18-27 remained. Group 3: There were two huts in this group (28 and 29) which were located to the west of group 2, with only the concrete bases remaining. There were also some brick foundations which consisted of eight parallel sub-walls, 4.8m long and one brick length wide, spaced 1m apart. This was possibly the foundation for a fuel tank.

CONDITION CONDITION: Near Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003715 DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-07-24 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES Division of 05314g, Related PRN 09620g, Related PRN 09621g GGATE003715

SOURCES Report Locock, M., D.M Andrews and N.J. Wilson. 1992 Building Recording, Celtic Manor Golf Course, Gwent. 92 92/02

PRN 09623g NAME Celtic Manor Stables. NGR ST3522189694 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, stables, RANK: - SUMMARY These buildings were L-shaped in arrangement and built of stone. They have been subsequently demolished but were thought to be of a single phase of construction, of late 19th century date. The west range was thought to be a coach house with servant's quarters and the central block as a large coach house with stalls for horses.

DESCRIPTION These buildings are now demolished. They were a an L-shaped range of buildings, built of stone with yellow brick facings to the doors, windows and corners. The roofs were slate. The west range is a two storey structure and on the ground floor there was three single and two double doorways, with a blocked window on the south gable end. On the first floor there were six windows. The single roof ridge ran the length of the building. There were four chimneys. This interpretation of this building was that it was perhaps a coach house/garage with servants' accommodation on the first floor. The north range was a single-storey structure, with a two-storey central block, projecting south. The west arm has two single doors, one double door and three windows. The east arm has four single doors and five windows and a centrally positioned chimney. The central block is approximately square with a north-south roof ridge. On the ground floor the south wall is taken up by two double doors. On the first floor there are two windows. A blocked circular window is positioned above the windows in the centre of the gable. The central block is interpreted to be a large coach house and the rest of the building as individual stalls for horses. The building appear to be of a single phase of construction, of late 19th century date. It is suggested that the stables are contemporary with the construction of Coldra house in 1865.

CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-07-24 00:00:00

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003715

SOURCES Report Locock, M., D.M Andrews and N.J. Wilson. 1992 Building Recording, Celtic Manor Golf Course, Gwent. 92 92/02

PRN 09639g NAME ROMAN ROAD AND POSSIBLE QUAY AT CAERLEON NGR ST337897 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, quay, RANK: 2 Roman, road, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Road or street of typical Roman construction, and incorporating a piece of Roman brick, found in the bank of the River Usk on the opposite side of the river from St Julians. Stone in the riverbed at this point has been interpreted as possibly being from a second Roman quay.

DESCRIPTION 'In the present riverbank, at the deepest part of the bend closest to the cliff at St Julian's, fieldwork brought to light a stoutly-made street, typically Roman in its bedding and gravel cover, and at the same depth as... quay [PRN 02996g]. A piece of brick, firmly lodged in the metalling, was tested by thermo-luminescence and pronounced "very probably Roman". Tumbled stone in the bed of the Usk near by may mark another quay, completely eroded.' Thermo-luminescance ruled out an 18th century date for the brick, which was anyway of typical Roman, rather than post-medieval, thickness (Boon 1978, 2, 22)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-08-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003743

SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 Report Boon G C 1978 Excavations on the site of a Roman Quay at Caerleon and its significance

PRN 09640g NAME WHARVES NGR ST342904 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, wharf, RANK: - SUMMARY Medieval wharves at Caerleon were situated between the Hanbury Arms and the river Usk. Used throughout the medieval period.

DESCRIPTION Medieval wharves at Caerleon were situated between the Hanbury Arms and the river Usk. Used throughout the medieval period. In the eighteenth century corn, cattle. wine and oil were being shipped at these wharves.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-08-29 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003743

SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01

PRN 09641g NAME BULMORE NGR ST 356912 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, settlement, RANK: - SUMMARY Roman town of Bulmore centred at ST 356 912. This was the site of a civil settlement, possibly of municipium status. A number of well preserved buildings have been discovered and also a cemetery.

DESCRIPTION Roman town of Bulmore centred at ST 356 912. This was the site of a civil settlement, possibly of municipium status. A number of well preserved buildings have been discovered and also a cemetery.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-09-03 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded

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CROSS REFERENCES related prn 00396g, related prn 00395g GGATE003743

SOURCES Report Maylan C. N. 1991 Proposed Usk Barrage Initial Archaeological Assessment 1343 91/01 Book Lee J E 1862 Isca Silurum (London) Journal Vyner, B 1978 Excavations at Great Bulmore, Near Caerleon Book Zienkiewicz J D 1983 Great Bulmore

PRN 09776g NAME Industrial corn mill NGR ST3423090790 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, corn mill, RANK: - SUMMARY his lies within the proposed development area. The corn mill appears on the (undated) tithe map of Caerleon; an origin in the eighteenth century or earlier is likely. The remains consist of part of a building in ruinous condition on the northern edge of the track leading from Mill Street to Millmead and a short length of wall on the north bank of the stream immediately inside the field.

DESCRIPTION This lies within the proposed development area. The corn mill appears on the (undated) tithe map of Caerleon; an origin in the eighteenth century or earlier is likely. The remains consist of part of a building in ruinous condition on the northern edge of the track leading from Mill Street to Millmead and a short length of wall on the north bank of the stream immediately inside the field.

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003906 DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-11-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003906

SOURCES Report Evans EM 1990 Proposed Development on Land to the East of Caerleon: An Archaeological Assessment .

PRN 09777g NAME Skin Yard NGR ST3447091130 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, yard, RANK: - SUMMARY The skin yard is just of Usk Road and appears to be of nineteenth century date. It consists of a range of buildings alongside the Afon Lwyd with other buildings forming the north-east of a triangular yard.

DESCRIPTION The skin yard is just of Usk Road and appears to be of nineteenth century date. It consists of a range of buildings alongside the Afon Lwyd with other buildings forming the north-east of a triangular yard.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003906 DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-11-30 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003906 SOURCES Report Evans EM 1990 Proposed Development on Land to the East of Caerleon: An Archaeological Assessment .

PRN 10084g NAME ROMAN BUILDING AT ST JULIANS NGR ST323899 COMMUNITY St Julians TYPE Roman, building, RANK: 1 Roman, villa, RANK: 2 SUMMARY High status Roman building materials found at St Julians.

DESCRIPTION 'Great quantities of Roman bricks, coins, and jasper tesserae, or the square dies that formed the mosaic pavements have been found at St Julian's and Penrhos and seem to point out thoose places as the site of some magnificent mansions' (Coxe 1801, 86)

CONDITION CONDITION: Destroyed DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2012-12-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - SOURCES

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Book Coxe, W 1801 An historical tour in Monmouthshire

PRN 10244g NAME POSSIBLE SITE OF ST AARON'S CHAPEL, PENRHOS NGR ST34509117, ST34209180 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Medieval, chapel, RANK: - SUMMARY A chapel of St Aaron is said to have existed at Caerleon. Archdeacon Coxe was told at the beginning of 19th century that it was ‘at Penrhos’. The local antiquary Octavius Morgan reports a mid 19th century excavation to look for St Aaron’s Chapel on its traditional site ‘the Copper Field’. Foundations and building debris were discovered (including window glass), but nothing that indicated the purpose of the building. The Copper Field is marked on the tithe map on the banks of the River Usk, centred at ST34509117. Modern local tradition places St Aaron’s at Penrhos Farm on the hillside on the opposite side of the road to Usk at ST34209180, but the only justification for this seems to be Coxe’s ‘at Penrhos’ (which is equally applicable to the Copper Field), together with the undoubted existence of Roman remains (PRN 01102g).

DESCRIPTION The chapel of St Aaron has had a rather shadowy existence in the archaeological and antiquarian literature. St Aaron, with St Julian, was one of the two saints martyred in the Diocletianic persecutions at a location which has generally been accepted as Caerleon (Boon 1992, 11-2). The site of the martyrdom appears to have been marked by the church or chapel of SS Julian and Aaron (PRN 08314g), which was already in existence by c 864 (Davies 1979, 121), and which continued in use until at least the end of 13th century, if not later. The tradition of a separate church of St Aaron goes back to Gerald of Wales, who was informed that Caerleon originally had three churches, one dedicated to St Julian and served by a community of nuns, one dedicated to St Aaron and served by a chapter of canons, and the third being the metropolitan church of Wales (p115 of the Penguin translation). The metropolitan church (an obsession with Gerald) is unlikely (although St Cadocs does seem to have been a major church, as attested by another of the four Early Christian monuments in Gwent.); to what extent Geralds other information is correct can only be guessed at. The ecclie de Seint Aron is listed amongst the smaller churches in the deanery of Netherwent in the Taxatio of Pope Nicholas IV (c 1291). The mid 19th century Monmouthshire antiquary Octavius Morgan places St Aarons on the outskirts of Caerleon: Rev Canon Edwards has kindly superintended an excavation in a field near the copper-field, half a mile from Caerleon on the Usk Road, in the hope of discovering the chapel of St Aaron (who was martyred here with St Julius in the Diocletianic persecution), which is believed to have been in this direction. Some small pieces of window glass and plaster and foundations of walls and of mortar floor were found, but nothing to indicate the nature of the building (Morgan 1882, iv). Examination of the tithe map indicates that the field called the Copper Field is centred at ST34509117 just above a bend in the River Usk, close to, but not on, the boundary with Christchurch. It is quarter-circle in shape, but the curve may be the result of the natural topography, since it is part of a rounded knoll rising above the river. Nothing can be seen of any continuation of the curve as a boundary or former boundary to the east either on the ground or in the geophysical survey which was carried out in 1989; to the north the site has been built over, but there was no evidence on the tithe map. Fields in this area adjacent to both sides of the road are recorded as belonging to the church, the Copper Field itself which is listed at the end of the apportionment after the church and churchyard and marked as being in hand, and eight fields forming part of the glebe. This was one of the cemeteries for Roman Caerleon (PRN 00649g), discovered when six or seven stone sarcophagi and associated pottery and jewellery and an inscription (RIB 356) were found in the cutting for an abortive railway in the 19th century. This cutting is still traceable immediately north of the Copper Field, though it has now been partially filled in. Other Roman burials (in this case cremations) have been noted over the road at Twyn Oaks (PRN 00658g). This makes it a credible location for the growth of a cult over the grave of one or both martyrs, separate from the cult at the place of martyrdom. The phrasing of the description of the antiquarian excavations suggests that they took place on the same side of the road as the Copper Field. This area has been the subject of a fair amount of archaeological exploration, though not with the aim of looking for Early Medieval or Medieval remains, since its possible identification with the site of St Aarons was unknown at the time. In all cases this has been intended to test it for evidence of the Roman cemetery. A geophysical survey was carried out in 1989 (Gater and Gaffney 1989) and examined three areas. These have been plotted as accurately as possible on the map, but there seem to have been problems with the survey which laid them out and their positions cannot be regarded as definitive, particularly area 1, for which there is only a sketch location and no measured points. None of the areas produced any results which can be interpreted as relating to an Early Medieval ecclesiastical site. In addition, two trial excavations have been carried out in the field adjacent to the Copper Field. The one in 1990 (Evans 1990) consisted of two trial pits (TP28 and TP29), testing features noted during the geophysical survey, but proved to be completely abortive. The excavation in 2001 (Yates 2001) in the field adjacent to the Copper Field produced evidence for two cremations (in T3 and T16) but nothing suggestive of Early Medieval date. It would appear that the most likely part of the cemetery which might have developed into an Early Medieval ecclesiastical site is the western part, where the sarcophagi were found. No evidence, however, was found for any buildings, such as that noted in Morgans account of the 19th century excavations; the only possible associated anomaly is to the north of the smallholding buildings, which were interpreted as being related to them. A field visit carried out as part of the Early Medieval Ecclesiastical project failed to identify any feature which could securely be associated with any Early Medieval activity. The quarter-circle boundary to the west and south of the Copper Field was a narrow belt of trees, mainly hawthorn, probably a grown-out hedge, with possible slight traces of a bank but none of any ditch. The field contains a small (c 5.5m) circular earthwork slightly terraced into the slope, with a raised rim on the downhill side but this

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appears to have been formed by cattle trampling around a feeder located in this position at some time. No other surface feature showed either in this field or the adjacent one where the 1990 and 2000 trial excavations took place. The line of the quarter-circle boundary did not continue into this field; the rounded knoll which roughly continues the line seems to be a purely natural topographic feature. The existence of St Aarons still remains shadowy. In particular, the site of the building, which on Morgans account might have been a church though it could not be proved, has not been located; the most likely position for it seems to be under the smallholding complex next to the Copper Field (most of the buildings of which seem to be fairly insubstantial). It is not clear either whether the identification of St Aarons in this location is a genuine continuous tradition, or whether it is the result of back-projection from the fact that inhumations have been found here. Nevertheless, the combination of a Roman cemetery with church-owned lands does point to a possible genuine Early Medieval ecclesiastical site.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2013-01-28 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 00649g GGATE004022

SOURCES Book Coxe, W 1801 An historical tour in Monmouthshire Article Boon, G C 1993 The Early Medieval church in Gwent II Book Davies, W 1979 The Llandaff charters Pmaphlet Morgan, O 1882 Goldcliff and the ancient Roman inscribed stone found there

PRN 10246g NAME 2 lengths of bank NGR ST3605290755, ST3625890651 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE , , RANK: - SUMMARY Two lengths of bank with no obvious relationship to the surrounding landscape. These features do not appear in any cartographic evidence, possibly because they are a relic of a more extensive and early system of earthworks now largely destroyed and no longer visible (PW 3 & PW 4- desk based assessment, 1994, Page, N. A. & Marvell A. G.)

DESCRIPTION Two lengths of bank with no obvious relationship to the surrounding landscape. These features do not appear in any cartographic evidence, possibly because they are a relic of a more extensive and early system of earthworks now largely destroyed and no longer visible (PW 3 & PW 4- desk based assessment, 1994, Page, N. A. & Marvell A. G.)

CONDITION CONDITION: DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY:

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003277

SOURCES

PRN 10305g NAME Unknown Structure, Mill Street NGR ST3414090780 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, structure, RANK: - SUMMARY Undated cobble foundations are possibly Medieval rather than Roman in origin (Langton 1996). DESCRIPTION Undated cobble foundations are possibly Medieval rather than Roman in origin, they are significant as nothing as nothing is known of the location of the Medieval settlement at Caerleon (Langton 1996).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E004440 DATE OF ENTRY: 2013-09-10 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE004440

SOURCES Report Langton, B 1996 Ambulance HQ, Mill Street, Caerleon: Archaeological Evaluation 448 96/03

PRN 10547g NAME Victorian Building, Mill St NGR ST3415090780 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, structure, RANK: -

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SUMMARY The foundations of a Victorian building were recorded here surviving between10.89m - 11.18M od, 0.96m - 1.30m below the present ground level. Cobble foundations survived beneath the Victorian foundations (Langton 1996).

DESCRIPTION The foundations of a Victorian building were recorded here surviving between10.89m - 11.18M od, 0.96m - 1.30m below the present ground level. Cobble foundations survived beneath the Victorian foundations (Langton 1996).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E004440 DATE OF ENTRY: 2013-09-04 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE004440

SOURCES Report Langton, B 1996 Ambulance HQ, Mill Street, Caerleon: Archaeological Evaluation 448 96/03

PRN 10562g NAME BUILDINGS IN CAERLEON CANABAE (CAMBRIA CLOSE SITE, FORMERLY ALLOTMENTS) NGR ST3415390896 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Parts of a at least two buildings in the area of the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, noted in trial trenches dug in land off Cambria Close:, represented by cobble foundations and areas of paving. Apparent continuation of courtyard/L-shaped Building 18/19 and its neighbour Building 20, (PRNs 10841g, 10842), but given the physical gap between the two sites, it is not possible to be certain.

DESCRIPTION During trial excavations on land off Cambria Close, Caerleon, structural remains were noted. Identified as C53 on Evans 2006 map 1. At the time of the 1984-86 excavations and the watching brief on 1988, this area was the eastern half of the Mill Street allotments. Two parallel, raised cobble foundation walls, separated by a distance of around 5.5m were discovered at the base of one of the trial trenches. Set almost half way between the walls was a group of seven large cobbles forming a 0.5m square, may represent a base, perhaps to support a timber post. Two areas of substantial flagstone paving. Another trench contained a cobbled surface, associated with large blocks that apparently represented walls, and with another cobbled feature which could have been either another foundation or the edge of a floor. The construction details, alignment and positioning mean that these structural remains may represent a continuation of Buildings 18-20 (PRNs 10841g, 10842), but it is not possible to be certain on this point. (Tuck 2005, 10-12, 16)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E002310 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated PRN 10841g, associated PRN 10842g GGATE002310, GGATE002311

SOURCES Report Tuck, M 2005 Land off Cambria Close, Caerleon, Newport: Archaeological field evaluation. GGAT report 2005/015 Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report no.2006/025

PRN 10595g NAME Roman Aqueduct, Caerleon NGR ST21409254, ST33269187 COMMUNITY Crosskeys TYPE Roman, aqueduct, RANK: - SUMMARY Roman aqueduct channelling water from Dowlais Brook to Caerleon, although this has not been confirmed by ground trusting (Yates 1998).

DESCRIPTION An intermittent earthwork has been identified as a Roman aqueduct channelling water from Dowlais Brook to Caerleon, although this has not been confirmed by ground trusting. If it is an aqueduct, it may well be the upper reaches of the feature described by Harris and have formed part of the water supply for the fortress at Caerleon and its baths. A source for the aqueduct or aqueducts supplying Caerleon has been postulated at the fringes of the South Wales Coalfield 8km northwest of Caerleon; analyses of sediment from the baths has revealed fragments of coal, some showing signs of water action. The medieval motte at Graig Wood overlies a linear embankment, possibly part of this aqueduct (Yates 1998).

CONDITION

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CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E002249 DATE OF ENTRY: 2013-11-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE002249

SOURCES Report Yates, A.M. 1998 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment: Land at Park Farm, Caerleon, Monmouthshire 827 98/06

PRN 10714g NAME CREMATION ON THE RIDING SCHOOL FIELD, CAERLEON NGR ST34079097 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, cremation burial, RANK: - Roman, cremation urn, RANK: - SUMMARY A black-burinshed cooking pot containing cremated remains, probably those of an adult male, were found during excavations on the Riding School Field, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION A pit which directly underlay the lower topsoil and contained a cremation was discovered in the side of a cutting made during the excavations on the Riding School Field, Caerleon. The urn, a Black Burnished vessel, appeared to have been truncated at the shoulder. There were six fragments/objects of iron in the pot with the cremated remains, which were probably those of an adult male. Evans 2000, 165

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated with 05131g, associated with 05894.2g GGATE001057, GGATE002311 SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10742g NAME INHUMATION AT CAMBRIA HOUSE, CAERLEON NGR ST3424290879 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Early Medieval, burial, RANK: - Early Medieval, inhumation, RANK: - SUMMARY An inhumation burial of late 6th or 7th century date, cut through one of the walls in Building 3 of the canabae at Caerleon (PRN 10859g).

DESCRIPTION An inhumation burial was excavated on the Cambria House site at Caerleon. The grave was cut through one of the walls in Building 3 (PRN 10859g), which had gone out of use in the 4th century and must have been extensively robbed before the burial took place. The inhumation was supine; the head was turned to rest on the left shoulder, the left arm was straight and the right arm was placed across the body with the hand resting on the pelvis. Because the bones were in a poor condition, interpretation must be tentative. They appeared to be those of a man probably over 40, with arthritis. The radiocarbon date indicates that he probably died in the late 6th or 7th century. Evans 2000, 171-3

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 10859g GGATE001057

SOURCES Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01 Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10781g NAME Limekiln NGR ST3577589828 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE UNKNOWN, LIME KILN, RANK: 0 SUMMARY The site comprises lime kilns reported to the Archwilio App as being In poor condition (Dorrington 2015).

DESCRIPTION The site comprises lime kilns reported to the Archwilio App as being In poor condition (Dorrington

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2015).

CONDITION CONDITION: DAMAGED DESCRIPTION: Archwilio App submission (rowID 903) RELATED EVENT: DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-08-12 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Notes Archwilio App Submission

PRN 10836g NAME ROMAN ACTIVITY ON BANK OF AFON LWYD TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS (MILLMEAD) NGR ST34319101 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, occupation site, RANK: - SUMMARY A lens of midden material and post setting in the extra-mural area to the east of the fortress of Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION A lens of what appeared to be midden material, containing charcoal, animal bone, tile and mixed potsherds including Caerleon ware, amphora, samian, Black-burnished and local coarsewares of 1st-4th century, was noted eroding from the bank of Afon Lwyd in Millmead in the extra-mural area to the east of the fortress of Caerleon. Identified as D19 on Evans 2006 map 1. It was associated with one probable and one possible post-setting (Tuck and Leaver 2000). This deposit lies within 20m of the projected line of the road leaving the port praetoria of the fortress of Caerleon, on its way to Usk along the west bank of the River Usk (PRN 05892.0g). (Tuck and Leaver 2000)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 05131g, associated PRN 05892.0g GGATE001454, GGATE002311

SOURCES Article Tuck, M and Leaver A 2000 Caerleon, Millmead Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report no.2006/025

PRN 10837g NAME ROMAN ACTIVITY IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS (TANHOUSE DRIVE) NGR ST3428490617 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, occupation site, RANK: - SUMMARY Apparently undisturbed Roman deposits noted in the extra-mural area to the east of the fortress of Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Top of apparently undisturbed Roman deposits noted in a watching brief at 1 Tan House Drive, Caerleon. Identified as D20 on Evans 2006 map 1. Clarke and Bray 2005. A small area of cobbling was identified as possibly representing a continuation of the main east-west road in the eastern area of the canbae (PRN 05894.0g), but it is not in line.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E002315 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 05131g GGATE002311, GGATE002315

SOURCES Report Clarke, S and Bray, J 2004 1 Tan House Drive: an archaeological evaluation. Monmouth Archaeology report no.MA15.05

PRN 10838.0g NAME PERIMETER PATROL TRACK, CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST33739080, ST33929032 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, track, RANK: - SUMMARY A possible patrol track running around the fortress at Caerleon on the outer lip of the ditch.

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DESCRIPTION A possible patrol track running around the fortress at Caerleon on the outer lip of the ditch has been posulated on the grounds of a couple of sitings of metalling at different locations around the fortress (Frere 1990, 306-7).

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-01-16 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE002309, GGATE002311 SOURCES Article Frere, S S 1990 Roman Britain in 1989

PRN 10838.1g NAME PERIMETER PATROL TRACK, CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST33929032 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, track, RANK: - SUMMARY A band of metalling c 6m wide following the defences of the Roman fortress at Caerleon on the outer rim of the ditch at the SW corner.

DESCRIPTION Magnetometer survey in the area between the SW angle of the defences and the amphitheatre showed that the road found outside the ditch there in 1962 (Journal of Roman Studies vol 53, 1963, 125-6) did not extend to the amphitheatre, as previously thought, but continued parallel with the ditch with a width of 6m (Frere 1990, 306-7). Taken with the observations recorded as PRNs 10838.1g and 10838.2g, this was suggested by D Zienkiewicz as evidence for a patrol-track running round the perimeter of the fortress outside the defences. Metalling noted outside the SW corner of the Roman fortress at Caerleon (Journal of Roman Studies vol 53, 1963,125-6). Originally believed to be part of a road which swung round to the E of the amphitheatre to join the street excavated on the Bear House Field.

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-01-16 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE002311

SOURCES Article Frere, S S 1990 Roman Britain in 1989

PRN 10838.2g NAME PERIMETER PATROL TRACK, CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST33739080 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, track, RANK: - SUMMARY Metalling outside the porta decumana of the Roman fortress of Caerleon appeared to belong to a patrol track round the outside of the Roman fortress.

DESCRIPTION Observation of building trenches at Caerleon, c10-15m outside the porta decumana and east of the road leading from it, revealed the metalling (up to 0.4m thick) of a road along the outer edge of the ditch. The lowest level immediately overlay the natural surface, suggesting a Flavian origin (Frere 1990, 306)

CONDITION CONDITION: Damaged DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-01-16 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE002309, GGATE002311

SOURCES Article Frere, S S 1990 Roman Britain in 1989

PRN 10839g NAME POSSIBLE SIDE STREET IN CANABAE TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST3420990939 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Unknown, cobbled surface, RANK: - Roman, road, RANK: - SUMMARY A cobbled surface was noted during the watching brief on topsoil strip of the Smallholding East site at Caerleon, but it was not possible to determine whether it was Roman (possibly a side street in the civil settlement), or

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whether it was connected with the adjacent 20th century agricultural buildings.

DESCRIPTION A cobbled surface was noted during the watching brief on topsoil strip of the Smallholding East site at Caerleon, but it was not possible to determine whether it was Roman (possibly a side street in the civil settlement), or whether it was connected with the adjacent 20th century agricultural buildings. Identified as B10 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. It is in a position compatible with providing access to Building 7 (PRN 10846g).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003968 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-07 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE003968, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10840g NAME BUILDINGS IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDINGS 10-11) NGR ST34119098 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Parts of two building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, constructed in coursed rubble, recorded during excavations at Mill Street, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Buildings 10-11 were recorded during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Riding School Field site, when a cutting was being dug by machine. Identified as C22-3 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. Four coursed rubble structures in local sandstone may represent a single building (Building 10) with a complicated structural history in which some walls were demolished while others remained in use, but time constraints meant that it was not possible to elucidate its history. A second building (Building 11), to the north of Building 10 is represented by a wall at a higher stratigraphic level. It must have been constructed after at least the northern part of Building 10 had been demolished. It lay approximately 0.5m from the southernmost wall of Building 10. The deposits between these walls and on either side of them suggest strongly that they did not belong to the same building, so it seems preferable to regard them as separate buildings on adjoining plots, built very close together. Building 10 may have been 7.6m wide, and Building 11 15.5m wide. (Evans 2000, 102-3, 473)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01 Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10841g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDINGS 18-9) NGR ST34169088 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Parts of one or two extramural buildings fronting onto the main road leading eastwards out of the via principalis sinistra of the fortress of Caerleon, apparently built in clay mass or mud-brick over cobble foundations raised above the contemporary ground level. If one building, it appears to have been constructed in three ranges around a courtyard; if two buildings, the better-explored one had two ranges.

DESCRIPTION Buildings 18/19 were partially excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Smallholding site. They were either an L-shaped building and another, completely separate building, or constituted a single irregularly-shaped courtyard building. Identified as C22-3, 53 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. Building 18 fronted onto the continuation of the via principalis sinistra (05892.0g), with its south range parallel with this road, and the other (east) range extending northwards beyond the limits of the excavation. The southern wing was c27.0x7.0m and the east wind 6.2m wide and at least 6.2m long. The walls were marked by wide cobbled foundations, like those of Building 13 (PRN10845g), whose upper surface was raised above the flagged floors that survived in some areas. The very corner of another room, in the same construction technique but set at an angle to both ranges, appeared at the edge of the excavated area in such a position that it could potentially have been part of another wing enclosing a trapezoidal courtyard, but as it is not certain whether this was actually part of the

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same building as 18, or was completely separate, it was allocated the number of Building 19. It is believed that the superstructure borne by all these cobbled foundations was probably clay mass or mud brick. The south range of Building 18 consisted of two rooms divided by a corridor which was thought to function as an entrance passage as across the middle was a pair of flagstones on their own foundation, giving every appearance of a threshold. The room at the east end appeared to have been initially open to the road for its full width, although a row of massive sandstone blocks eventually closed in half of the frontage. Behind this room, the east range was constructed at a secondary date, at something of an angle to the south range. One complete room, and part of another, lay within the excavated area, the wall between them being on the same angle as the fragment 'Building 19. On either side of them were deposits of sandstone roofing slates and nails, which were believed to have been created by the collapse of part of the roof over this range; they directly overlay the edge of the cobbled foundations. Little dating evidence was recovered; there was a great deal of 3rd century pottery in the pre-building deposits and the foundations, but some of the material from the deposits post-dating the construction of the south range and pre-dating the construction of the east range seems more likely to be 4th century. (Evans 2000, 139-49, 473) Cobbled foundations possibly also relating to this complex were identified during trial excavations on the former Allotments site, then known as land off Cambria Close - see PRN 10867g. (Tuck 2005, 8-10, 16)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated PRN 05892.0g, associated PRN 10842g, associated PRN 10562g GGATE001057, GGATE002310, GGATE002311

SOURCES Report Tuck, M 2005 Land off Cambria Close, Caerleon, Newport: Archaeological field evaluation. GGAT report 2005/015 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01 Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10842g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 20) NGR ST3417590896 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Part of a building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, that seems to have been constructed in clay mass or mud-brick over cobble foundations raised above the contemporary ground level.

DESCRIPTION Building 20 was partially excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Smallholding House site. It lay to the east of Building 18 (PR 10841g). All that was visible of was the line of the west wall and the very beginning of its corner with the north wall, both represented by raised cobbled foundations which appeared identical with those of Buildings 18/19. (Evans 2000, 149) Part of the same building may also appear in the Cambria Close excavations of 2005, where it is represented by a cobbled foundation and areas of flagging - see PRN 10867g. (Tuck 2005, 8-10, 16) .

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated PRN 10841g, associated PRN 05892.0g, associated PRN 10562g GGATE001057, GGATE002310, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report Tuck, M 2005 Land off Cambria Close, Caerleon, Newport: Archaeological field evaluation. GGAT report 2005/015 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10843g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 12) NGR ST3410190950 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - Roman, workshop, RANK: - SUMMARY A small, cottage-like building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, with a yard attached. Although the two long walls had massive foundations, presumably to guard against subsidence into underlying soft deposits, the superstructure was probably timber-framed. It was built in at the ned of the 2nd century or the start of the 3rd century, and survived into the middle of the 4th century, undergoing a variety of modifications

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to the plan and also its use.

DESCRIPTION Building 12 was excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Riding School Field site. Identified as C25 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1; Building I in Evans 1990, 6-7. It lay west of the main north-south road, in an area which had previously been prone to intermittent flooding. The building was rectangular, and originally measured 6.4 x 10.6m externally. Its main axis lay at right-angles to the road, and although the east end was initially nearly 5m from the road, the building was later extended so that the base of its east wall was formed by the lining of the west side of the latest road drain. In its first phase, probably dating to the end of the 2nd century or start of the 3rd, the building had two rooms in its main part, with an outshut on its southern side containing another two rooms. With the exception of the main north and south walls, which had extremely substantial stone foundations, most of the walls were of relatively light construction: the other two outside walls (east and west walls), and the wall dividing the main part of the building originally had timber sill beams resting on the ground, and it is likely that their superstructure was tied into a timber framed superstructure resting on the two long walls. The sill beams of the outshut were earthfast. The main room was dominated by a large clay and cobble structure, probably the base of a hearth or oven with attached cistern of uncertain purpose, whose prominent placing within the layout of the building suggests that it also dominated its use. A cobbled yard lay to the south, west and (initially) east of the building; immediately north of its northern wall was a ditch dividing this property from Building 13 (PRN10844g). Three groups of structural modifications were made to Building 12 between the late 3rd century and mid 4th century. These consisted of the addition of a new room at the east end of the building, utilising the drain lining for the foundation of its east wall; the division of one of the original buildings in the main part of the building into two; and the rebuilding of the external walls of the outshut and the removal of its partition wall to create a single space, with a cobble and flagstone surface for an entrance in the middle. It was impossible to demonstrate whether these modifications were made at the same time or one at a time, but the use of stone sills of various different designs suggests the latter. The yard was continually being made up and patched. In the middle of the 4th century, although the west end of the building remained as it had been, the central part of the building was gutted leaving a large L-shaped space, probably an open yard, with another unit (possibly a very small room) in the corner where the oven structure may have gone out of use. Eventually this new yard and the external yard seem to have run together, as there were wheel ruts running into the building over what had been the eastern part of the outshut. (Evans 2000, 103-22, 473) In a MAFF sortie flown 10/06/84 (frames 208.28-30), the eastern end of the yard of Building 12 is shown as a parchmark connecting with another parchmark running parallel with the road (Evans 2005, 24).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated prn 05894.2g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01 Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report no.2006/025

PRN 10844g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 13) NGR ST3409390959 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY A small, cottage-like building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, with a yard attached. It seems to have been built using panels of clay or mud-brick over sill walls made from massive blocks of sandstone and conglomerate. After burning down in in the late 3rd to early 4th century, it was rebuilt using the same foundations for the outside walls, but a succession of different interior plans, and probably continued in use until the mid 4th century.

DESCRIPTION Building 13 was partially excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Riding School Field site. Identified as C26 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1; Building II in Evans 1990, 6-7. It lay west of the main north-south road, in an area which had previously been prone to intermittent flooding. It had a yard in front, which was separated from Building 12 (PRN10843g) by a ditch. The date of construction is not known, since only the upper levels were excavated. Building 13 was rectangular, measuring 16.9x8.0m, and was set at right-angles to the road. Its plan in the earliest phase to be reached consisted of a file of three rooms, and there was an outshut on the southern side, probably a lean-to, with a strip of cobbles in the middle, almost certainly for the entrance. One of the rooms had a cobbled floor. Destruction deposits show that the walls must have been constructed largely of clay, which appears to have been employed as rectangular panels. The outside walls were supported on sills of massive sandstone and conglomerate blocks, the easternmost doubling as the lining to the drain of the main road, whilst the internal walls were constructed on much less substantial foundations of

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broken flagstones. The clay wall of the outshut had no foundation. In this phase, the building was in use in the late 3rd to early early 4th century, before it burned down. After the fire, it seems to have been completely rebuilt using the original wall-sills for the new exterior walls. Inside, there seems to have been a flagged floor and no internal subdivisions. Possibly in the middle of the 4th century, the eastern end of the building was partitioned off to form two small rooms, the partitions being built over the flagging. Later, a massive platform was constructed over most of one of these two new room, whilst the rest was amalgamated with the other, and probably also the eastern end of the outshut, to form a single large room with a flagged floor. The western side of the outshut went out of use. The eventual abandonment of the building was marked only by a scatter of building debris, probably because most of the superstructure of the building was biodegradable. (Evans 2000, 122-34, 473) In a MAFF sortie flown 10/06/84 (frames 208.28-30), the eastern end of the yard of Building 13 is shown as a parchmark connecting with another parchmark running parallel with the road (Evans 2005, 24).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated PRN 10843g GGATE002311, GGATE001057, GGATE001218

PRN 10845g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 14) NGR ST3411090939 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY A small, cottage-like building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon. It seems to have been built in clay mass or mud-brick, in places over sill walls made from massive blocks of sandstone and conglomerate, and in other places cobble foundations raised above the contemporary ground level.

DESCRIPTION Building 14 was partially excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Riding School Field site. The uppermost deposits were cleared from this building to reveal its layout in the final phase of occupation, but no further excavation was carried out. Identified as C27 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1; Building III in Evans 1990, 6-7. It lay west of the main north-south road, in an area which had previously been prone to intermittent flooding, and to the south of Building 12 (PRN 10843g), with its long axis at right-angles to the main north-south road and measured 18.5x7m. The external walls of the building were marked in part by massive sandstone and conglomerate blocks, similar to those used in Building 13 (PRN 10844g), and in part by bands of cobbles whose upper surface was raised above the contemporary ground level. The superstructure was probably of clay mass or mud brick. Internally, it seems to have consisted of two rooms, and there are also indications that there may have been an extension of light construction on the east (short) side, opening to the road. A cobbled path led from the east to the middle of the south wall where the entrance was presumably situated. There was insufficient evidence to date this buildings, but it was probably in use in the 3rd and early 4th centuries like its neighbours Buildings 12 and 13. (Evans 2000, 134-8, 473)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated prn 10843g, associated PRN 10844g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10846g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 7) NGR ST3418390952 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Part of a building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, constructed in coursed rubble, recorded during a watching brief/salvage excavation at Mill Street, Caerleon.

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DESCRIPTION Building 7 was recorded in 1988 during a watching brief/salvage excavation at Mill Street, on the Allotments/Smallholding East site. Identified as C28 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. It was represented by part of two coursed rubble walls at right-angles, bonded at the corner, a possible foundation for a third wall, and a destruction deposit derived from clay and woodwork. The full dimensions are not known, but it measured over 7.9x3.6m. It was not on the road network, unless the nearby cobbled surface PRN10839g is a contemporary side street. (Evans 2000, 100, 473)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003968 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g GGATE003968, GGATE002311 SOURCES Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01 Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10847g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 8) NGR ST3411990976 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Part of a building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, constructed in coursed rubble, recorded during excavations at Mill Street, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Building 8 was recorded in 1988 during excavation at Mill Street, in a cutting through the north-south road on the Riding School site; it lay to the east of the road. Identified as C29 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. What appeared to be the south and west walls of a building were noted, one being partly of coursed rubble construction in local sandstone and partly represented by a raised cobbled foundation (like those present in Building 14 and Buildings 18/19 PRNs 10845g and10841g); and the other being represented by a cobble- filled trench which may have been a more conventional foundation for a coursed rubble wall. It was not possible under the circumstances to record any other components. (Evans 2000, 102)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10848g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 9) NGR ST3418090922 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Part of a building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, constructed in coursed rubble, recorded during a watching brief/salvage excavation at Mill Street, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Building 9 was recorded in 1988 during a watching brief/salvage excavation at Mill Street, on the Allotments/Smallholding East site. Identified as C30 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. This possible building is represented by a single wall consisting of two courses of sandstone rubble blocks, which was noted in the side of the section dug through the eastern drain of the main north-south road during the watching brief. As it seems unlikely that a roadside drain would have been damaged by fire, this section of wall was interpreted as forming part of a building. Lack of time precluded further examination. (Evans 2000, 102)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003968 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated PRN 05894.1g GGATE003968, GGATE002311 SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

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PRN 10849g NAME BUILDINGS IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDINGS 15-17) NGR ST34169094 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Part of three buildings in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, represented by sill walls made from massive blocks of sandstone and conglomerate, recorded during a watching brief/salvage excavation at Mill Street, Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Buildings 15-17 were recorded in 1988 during a watching brief/salvage excavation at Mill Street, on the Allotments/Smallholding East site. Identified as C31-3 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. Building 15 appeared to be c 5.7m wide and longer than 9.3m, and aligned east-west, though the south wall had been severely disturbed and was represented only by a single block. The west wall also functioned as the lining to the drain of the main north-south road, as in Buildings 12 and 13. The third surviving wall was the north wall. After the building had been demolished, it was covered by a cobbled platform. The evidence for Building 16 consisted of two parallel rows of massive blocks running east-west, with a third running north-south between them, and a single surviving block probably marking the line of another row across the west end. The east-west dimension of the building was probably greater than its surviving length of 8.1m. It is not clear whether the north-south measurement over the extant remains represented the full width of this building or merely a room: if the former, it would be unusually narrow at 3.2m.. Building 17 was represented only by a single corner, comprising five stones in all, with a cobbled surface in the angle. The topographical relationship of this building with other features on the site is unknown: it did not lie close to any of the roads which were traced. (Evans 2000, 138-9, 473)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E003968 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated with 05894.2g GGATE003968, GGATE002311

SOURCES Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01 Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report Tuck, M 2005 Land off Cambria Close, Caerleon, Newport: Archaeological field evaluation. GGAT report 2005/015

PRN 10850g NAME POSSIBLE FENCE IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST3408590900 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, fence, RANK: - SUMMARY A stake and a number of planks, some of which may have formed a fence were noted in the limited excavations below the 4th century gullies on the Riding School Field site at Caerleon. They appeared to be of 2nd century date.

DESCRIPTION A stake and a number of planks, some of which may have formed a fence were noted in the limited excavations below the 4th century gullies on the Riding School Field site at Caerleon. They appeared to be of 2nd century date. Identified as D6 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. (Evans 2000, 28-34).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 05131g, associated prn 10851g, associated PRN 10852g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10851g NAME CULVERT OR DRAIN IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST34079092 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, culvert, RANK: - Roman, drain, RANK: - SUMMARY A stone-line culvert or drain in the extra-mural area to the east of the fortress of Caerleon. DESCRIPTION A stone-line culvert or drain running west to east (ie away from the fortress) was partly excavated on the Riding School Field site at Caerleon. Identified as D7 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1.

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Neither its start nor its finishing point was discovered. It was constructed in coursed rubble with a capping of flat sandstone slabs, replaced at the eastern end by a plank, and base of pink clay. It appeared to have two construction phases, its upper part having been added after the lower part had silted up. In its first phase, the culvert was associated with a number of stakes, some at least of which may have been part of a fence. In the second phase, a series of lengths of alder pole had been laid end to end along the southern side of the culvert. The initial construction of the culvert was no earlier than the early 4th century, but it was not possible to determine how much later the second phase was added. (Evans 2000, 159-62).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 05131g, associated PRN 00590g, associated PRN 10850g, associated PRN 10852g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10852g NAME AREA OF POSSIBLE MARKET-GARDENS IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST3408590900 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, ditch complex, RANK: - Roman, paddock, RANK: - Roman, garden, RANK: - SUMMARY System of gullies and small ditches of 4th century date, possibly an area of horticulture in the extra-mural area to the east of the fortress of Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION An area to the east of the fortress at Caerleon was partly excavated on the Riding School Field. Identified as D8 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. It proved to be criss-crossed by a series of drainage gullies, associated in places with patches of light metalling, areas of red clay, and other miscellaneous features. The general character of the area suggests some kind of low-intensity occupation, possibly horticulture or small-scale agriculture, and possibly associated with the cottage-type building PRNs 10843g, 10844g, 10845g. The quantities of finds recovered from the deposit overlying the gullies would be consistent with the dumping of midden material for manuring; much of the it was discarded in the 4th century. (Evans 2000, 163)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 05131g, associated PRN 10850g, associated PRN 10851g, associated PRN 00590g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10853g NAME ROMAN STRUCTURES ON BANK OF AFON LWYD TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST3424991090 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, occupation site, RANK: - SUMMARY Stonework and timbers have been noted exposed in erosion of the river bank, in the extra-mural area to the east of the fortress of Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION Stonework and timbers have been noted exposed in erosion of the river bank, in the extra-mural area to the east of the fortress of Caerleon. Identified as D9 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. (Information provided by Roman Legion Museum)

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - - GGATE002311 SOURCES

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Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10854g NAME ROMAN ACTIVITY IN EXTRA-MURAL AREA TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST3422990962 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, occupation site, RANK: - SUMMARY A watching brief on the replacement of a telegraph pole in 1985 provided evidence for Roman activity, although no structural remains were encountered.

DESCRIPTION A watching brief on the replacement of a telegraph pole in 1985 provided evidence for Roman activity, although no structural remains were encountered. Identified as D10 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. Evans 2000, 167

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 05131g GGATE001057, GGATE002311 SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10855.0g NAME SIDE STREET IN CAERLEON CANABAE NGR ST3425090852, ST3426990874 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, road, RANK: - SUMMARY Possible side street leading eastwards off the main road PRN 05131g on the Cambria House site in Caerleon, between Buildings 2 and 6.

DESCRIPTION A side street in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, discovered during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Cambria House site. Identified as B12 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. Excavation of the side street between the yard of Building 3/Building 5 and Building 6 (PRNs 10859g-10862g) was limited to the removal of the final cobbled surface and the fill of its northern drain, which took the form of an open ditch. No drain was noted on the southern side. The width was 4.85m. It had probably not been metalled before Building 5 had been constructed.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-07 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES related PRN 05131g, related PRN 05894.1g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01 Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10856g NAME POSSIBLE ROAD(S) OR SIDE STREET(S) IN CANABAE TO EAST OF CAERLEON FORTRESS NGR ST34379045 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, road, RANK: - SUMMARY Possible road(s) or street(s) found during test-pitting on the Uskside site at Caerleon, represented by cobble deposits in two locations.

DESCRIPTION Possible road(s) or street(s) found during test-pitting on the Uskside site at Caerleon, represented by cobble deposits in two locations (Evans 2000, 175). Identified as B13 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1.

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g GGATE001055, GGATE003906, GGATE002311

SOURCES Report Evans EM 1990 Proposed Development on Land to the East of Caerleon: An Archaeological Assessment .

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Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10857g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 1) NGR ST3425490865 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY A strip-building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon. It had been through at least four phases of modification before it was demolished, when the ground on which it stood was amalgamated into the same building plot as the site of its neighbour to the north (PRN10858g). Most of these modifications were concerned with extending its area to the west and, to a lesser extent, to the east. At the western side of the building several phases can be identified in the extensions, whilst no identifiable structural changes were made in the original part of the building. It was in use from the early to mid 2nd century, and demolished in in the mid to late 2nd century.

DESCRIPTION Building 1 was excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Cambria House site. Identified as C34 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1; Building B in Evans 1990, 13&14. It was a strip-building fronting on to the main north-south road (PRN05894.0g) running through the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, south of the via principalis continuation (PRN05892.0g). Parts of it had been severely robbed, with sections of the walls completely missing in the centre of the plot, with the result that there were gaps in the exterior walls, and the surviving interior walls at one end of the building did not match up with those at the other. It is therefore likely that a cross-wall had originally divided it into two halves, and that this was among the walls that had been robbed out. None of the walls survived above 0.5m in height. They constructed in coursed rubble of the local sandstone, with some internal walls probably founded on wooden beams. However, the thick deposit of the heavy pink sandy clay in the destruction deposits suggests that the upper part of the walls may have been of mud brick, clay mass, or wattle-and-daub. Five main phases of construction were identified, but so little datable material was recovered that it is only possible to say that it was in use from the early to mid 2nd century. It was 9.1m wide, and the length increased over its period of use from 19.7m to 23.7m. It was demolished in the mid to late 2nd century when it was replaced by Building 3 (PRN10859g) Excavation of this building was not completed because of flooding, and none of the finds recovered could definitely be dated to its original construction. Definitely belonging to Phase 1 were two floors and a low rubble platform, but there were no surviving internal walls. In Phase 2, the eastern end of the southern exterior wall was rebuilt, and the earliest surviving internal walls were constructed. These seem to have been founded on wooden beams laid over a subfloor of red clay, with the ends socketed into the exterior walls. This construction method may have been chosen because of doubts about the stability of ground. Given the loss of the central section of the building, it is difficult to make sense of the plan, but the eastern end of the building had been divided from north to south into four alternately wide and very narrow sections, the southernmost of which continued into the western end of the building; and the rest of this end was divided into two unequal parts. The Phase 1 platform seems to have continued in use. Phase 3 saw the restructuring the western (faade) end of the building: the original outer wall was demolished and replaced by a new one 1.7m further west, and the north and south walls were lengthened to fit. There seems to have been a second entrance on the south side from the side-street PRN 10855g. The remodelled west end was divided by a clay partition. A second extension was made over the street to the west, represented by two post-holes 1.4m west of the new faade. In Phase 4, this extension was converted to permanent form by further lengthening the north and south walls and replacing the postholes by a stone wall. There was a new doorway in the north wall facing the one in the south wall. In Phase 5, the western end of the building was again remodelled; the Phase 3 south and west walls were reconstructed and a new room created in the southwest corner with a clay floor over a cobbled foundation, and timber partition marking its north side. The Phase 4 north door was blocked. Although most of the changes were made to the western end of the building, which was the main frontage, at some stage an extension was also built on the eastern end. It may have been open to the side street PRN10855g. (Evans 2000, 52-68, 73, 473)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-10 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated prn 05894.1g, associated prn 10855.0g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10858g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 2) NGR ST3424290879 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY A building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon. Very little of it was explored during

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excavation. It was demolished in the mid to late 2nd century.

DESCRIPTION Building 2 was partially excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Cambria House site. Identified as C35 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. It was located on to the main north-south road (PRN05894.0g) running through the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, south of the via principalis continuation (PRN05892.0g). One wall, one possible wall and short lengths of two other walls were identified of Building 2 which underlies Building 3 PRN, some of which were reused in this later building. A floor and heath that underlie Building 3 may also belong to Building 2. It was demolished in the mid to late 2nd century. (Evans 2000, 68-70)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-10 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated PRN 10859g GGATE002311, GGATE001057 SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report no.2006/025

PRN 10859g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 3) NGR ST3424290879 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY A seven-room masonry strip-building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, constructed in the mid to late 2nd century, with refurbishment in the late 3rd - early 4th century when it was provided with floors of opus signinum (concrete incorporating crushed tile). As originally built, it had a large yard attached to one side, over were eventually constructed Buildings 4 and 5. It was 20.5m long and 11.3m wide (excluding the yard).

DESCRIPTION Building 3 was excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Cambria House site. Identified as C36 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1; Building A in Evans 1990, 13&15. Building 3 and its attached yard seem to have been built in the mid or late 2nd century across the site of two previous buildings, Buildings 1 and 2 (PRNs 10857g and 10858g). It was constructed in coursed rubble of the local sandstone A structure with seven rooms arranged in two files occupied the northern side of the combined plot, with an open area at the southern side; this open area was bounded to the west and south by an enclosure wall which was a continuation of the facade (west) wall of the strip-building. The enclosure wall on the south side had a culvert incorporated against its northern face. No eastern boundary to this open area was noted: either none existed or the plot extended further east than the excavated area. The construction of the building took place as a single operation, with no extensions or refurbishments to the fabric. However, the floors, most of which were probably originally timber, were replaced in opus signinum in the late 3rd to early 4th century. Although a foundation of cobbles was laid first, this was not sufficiently solid to stop the floor in one of the rooms from slumping dramatically into underlying soft ground. The exception was the double-sized room in the northwest corner, which had a flagged floor replaced, after considerable wear had necessitated patching, by cobbles that may or may not have been intended as a foundation for opus signinum; if this was the case it had completely disappeared. There was variable survival of opus signinum in the other rooms; in the room in the northeast corner, the excellent preservation permitted the identification of a timber partition which had been raised over the cobble foundation, with the opus signinum surface on either side. This created a narrow passage leading from the east side of the building, with flagging and the emplacement for a square posthole at the entrance end strongly suggesting that this was intended as staircase leading to an upper floor directly from outside, with a walk-in cupboard underneath where the opus signinum was of noticeably poorer quality. The narrow, passage-like room between this one and the room with the flagged floor had an L-shaped platform extending most of the way across it at the northern end. One of the other rooms contained three rectangular masonry platforms against the walls; two were abutted to form an L-shaped structure. The purpose of all these platforms/bases is unknown. After the building had gone out of use (probably in the first quarter of the 4th century), a grave was cut across one of the partition walls, which had presumably already been robbed to below the contemporary ground level . (Evans 2000, 70-86, 473)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-10 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated with 05894.1g, associated with 10855g, associated with 10857g, associated PRN 10860g, associated PRN 10861g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES

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Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10860g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 4) NGR ST3425490865 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Traces of an ephemeral building, probably a timber-framed structure standing on the ground, were identified in the yard area of Building 3 in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon. It was recognised from its floor surfaces.

DESCRIPTION Building 4 was excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Cambria House site. Identified as C37 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1; Building B in Evans 1990, 13-14. It was constructed over part of the yard of Building 3 (PRN 10859g), and was ephemeral in nature, probably a timber-framed structure standing on the ground, measuring c5.7x2.4m. It footprint was marked by an approximately rectangular deposit of clay-sand and chippings oriented east-west, and replaced in the southeast corner by cobbling. Lines of flat stones were set into its surface at its south side and near its north and east sides . The southwest corner was marked by a patch of closely packed stone fragments. To the west were two large conglomerate blocks, similar to those used in other buildings on the Mill Street site, surrounded by small stones, but it is not clear how these related to the rest of the structure. (Evans 2000, 86-7, 473)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated PRN 10859g, associated prn 10861g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10861g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 5) NGR ST3425490865 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Traces of a timber-framed structure constructed on a cobbled platform were identified in the yard area of Building 3 (PRN 10859g )in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, where they overlay and replaced Building 4 (PRN 10860g).

DESCRIPTION Building 5 was excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Cambria House site. Identified as C38 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1; Building B in Evans 1990, 13-14. Like Building 4 (PRN 10860g ), which it replaced, it was constructed over the yard of Building 3 (PRN 10859g), occupying a north-south strip across the middle of the yard up to, and probably including, the culvert. It was characterised by its cobbled foundation platform c9.5x6.0m, in which the positions of internal partitions could be made out as shallow beam-slots let into the top of the platform, dividing it into four rooms one of which was an east-west 'corridor. All the evidence available suggests that the building was timber framed, and that the sill-beams were laid at the same time as the platform. The foundation platform terminated in a straight line on its western side, but although the damage it had suffered makes it impossible to reconstruct the original form of the eastern side, it seems probable that the southern third of this extended further east than the rest. A mid 3rd century date is suggested for the buildings construction. In possibly in the late 3rd or early 4th century, the building was refurbished by the renewal of some partitions, with the sills now supported above the cobbled platform on rows of stone blocks, and the insertion of opus signinum floors in at least some of the rooms. It was also extended to the west as far as the wall separating the yard from the street by the construction of one, or possibly two new structures with flagged or cobbled floors, although there is not enough evidence to indicate whether they were rooms or were open to the sky. If it was all under one roof, it will have now been c11.2mx6.2m. A coin hoard was deposited in the culvert in AD269. Occupation of Building 5 continued into the 4th century, but it may have been abandoned in the first quarter. (Evans 2000, 87-95, 473)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated prn 10859g, associated PRN 10860g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

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SOURCES Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01 Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10862g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 6) NGR ST3426590850 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - Roman, iron working site, RANK: - Roman, workshop, RANK: - SUMMARY A masonry building with at least two rooms and possibly as many as five, in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, constructed in coursed rubble and containing the base of an iron-smelting furnace.

DESCRIPTION Building 6 was partially excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Cambria House site, although it was not possible recover the whole plan, or to carry out any work below the latest phases. Identified as C39 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1; Building C in Evans 1990, 13&16. The external walls were of coursed rubble construction in local sandstone, but the internal partitions survived only as sills of slight construction. A massive masonry structure encountered at the eastern edge of the excavated area might have been an external wall, but this was by no means certain. If this was the case, it will have measured 12.6m from the frontage on the main road, and the width was greater than 5.6m. Internally there were at least two rooms and possibly as many as five, although the most likely number is four. The room on the frontage with the main road PRN05894.1g contained the base of an iron-smelting furnace, another contained a possible hearth. The dating evidence from the pottery in the rubble overlying the building indicated that its deposition finished in the early 4th century at the earliest. (Evans 2000, 95-100, 473)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated prn 05894.1g, associated prn 10855.0g, associated PRN 10868g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10863g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 21) NGR ST3424290896 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - Roman, workshop, RANK: - SUMMARY A small, poorly preserved building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, which seems to have been mainly constructed of elements standing directly on the ground. It was associated, at least in its final phase, with iron processing.

DESCRIPTION Building 21 was partially excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Cambria House site. It was cleared of overlying rubble, but there was insufficient time to carry out any other work. Identified as C40 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. Building 21 lay on the opposite side of the main north-south road (05894.1g) from Buildings 1-6 (PRNs 10857g-10862g), with its long axis running north-south parallel with the road, and sharing a wall with Building 22 (PRN10864g). It occupied a rectangular area measuring approximately 8m x 5.5m (the southwest corner was not very clearly defined). It seems to have consisted of four rooms or other spaces, a row of three, with a fourth, corridor-like, room running along the eastern side. Most of the surviving walls were marked by rows of closely-set massive blocks but in one of them the blocks were more widely spaced. All these represent wall-sills, but there may have been differences in the superstructure, the former being more suitable for clay mass/mud brick walls and the latter for timber framing. Other walls (most likely timber- framed) had disappeared completely and their positions can be established only from the difference between the deposits on either side. The different structural techniques used suggests that the building was either repaired and rebuilt piecemeal, or that an original core was extended without any regard to producing a unified whole, possibly as an extension to Building 22. A hearth bottom in one of the spaces appeared to be for iron smelting (see PRN 10868g). (Evans 2000, 149-51, 473)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-17 00:00:00

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES divison of 05131g, related PRN 05894.1g, associated PRN 10868g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01 Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10864g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET BUILDING 22) NGR ST3423290843 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY A small, poorly preserved building in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, which seems to have been mainly constructed of elements standing directly on the ground.

DESCRIPTION Building 22 was partially excavated during the Caerleon Mill Street excavations of 1984-86, on the Cambria House site. It was cleared of overlying rubble, but there was insufficient time to carry out any other work. Identified as C41 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. It lay on the opposite side of the main north-south road (05894.1g) from Buildings 1-6 (PRNs 10857g-10862g) but set back from it, and measured 13.0x5.8m with its long axis running north-south parallel with the road. It shared a wall with Building 21 (PRN10863g). It was partly defined by rows of widely set massive sandstone and conglomerate blocks, and partly by the extent of its cobbled floors; there are traces of other floors made of flagstones. From the relationship of these elements, it was possible to determine that the building was divided into three parts, and that the northern third was further divided into a narrow strip at the north and a much larger room to the south; two of the rooms were L-shaped and interlocked at the south side. (Evans 2000, 149-51, 473)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, related PRN 05894.1g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10865g NAME POSSIBLE BUILDING(S) IN CAERLEON CANABAE (SOCIAL CLUB) NGR ST3420490388 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Part of a possible building in the area of the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon.

DESCRIPTION A possible building was noted during test pitting in the yard of the former Social Club, Hanbury Close, opposite the Hanbury Arms in Caerleon. Identified as C44 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. It was represented by a wall constructed of sandstone blocks and other deposits of Roman date (Evans 2000, 175, Social Club).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated with 10841g, associated with 10842g GGATE001057, GGATE002311

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16

PRN 10866g NAME BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (AMBULANCE HEADQUARTERS SITE) NGR ST3416390783 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - SUMMARY Part of a buildings in the area of the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, represented by cobble foundations; no dating evidence noted, but probably Roman.

DESCRIPTION A probable building was recorded in trial excavations on the Ambulance Headquarters site in 1996.

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Identified as C52 on Evans 2006 map 1. It was represented by cobbled foundations in one trench of the type known from elsewhere in this part of the civil settlement (Evans 2000, 469-70). Although no direct dating evidence was recovered, it is probably Roman. Associated with ditches and other cut features (PRN 10870g). (Langton 1996).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: - DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-17 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g GGATE004440, GGATE002311 SOURCES Report Langton, B 1996 Ambulance HQ, Mill Street, Caerleon: Archaeological Evaluation 448 96/03

PRN 10867g NAME POSSIBLE BUILDING IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILLMEAD) NGR ST3425290933 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, building, RANK: - Roman, wall, RANK: - Roman, pit, RANK: - SUMMARY Part of a possible building in the area of the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, represented by a cobble foundation.

DESCRIPTION A structure interpreted as the foundation for a wall was recorded in 2005 during trial excavations on Millmead. Identified as C54 on Evans 2006 map 1. It consisted of a linear feature comprised of closely packed cobbles and squared blocks of rubble, similar to the raised cobbled foundations noted in Buildings 14, 18/19 and 20 (PRNs 10845g, 10841g, 10842g), but lighter in construction. It was associated with a pit and a spread of rubble. If this was indeed part of a building, it would have been alongside the continuation of the via principia sinistra and oriented with it. Evans 2006, 15

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E002313 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES associated PRN 05313g, associated PRN 10869g GGATE002313, GGATE002312

SOURCES Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report no.2006/025

PRN 10868g NAME IRON-PROCESSING AREA IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILL STREET) NGR ST3424890834 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, iron working site, RANK: - Roman, iron furnace, RANK: - Roman, slag, RANK: - Roman, pit, RANK: - SUMMARY A metal-processing area in the canabae to the east of the fortress at Caerleon, characterised by three hearth bottoms and a large pit full of slag.

DESCRIPTION An area on the Cambria House site at Caerleon was identified during excavations in 1984-86 as a metal-processing area since it was distinguished by three hearth bottoms of the type related to shaft furnaces, and a large pit containing iron slag. The hearths were associated with Buildings 6, 21 and 22 PRNs 10862g, 10863g, 10864g). Identified as D11 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. A small circular hollow lined with vitrified clay, which appeared to be the bottom of a small iron-smelting furnace, was situated in the final phase of Building 6 (PRN10862g) and one at a similar level in Building 21 (PRN 10863g). There was also another similar structure was located to the west of the one in Building 21, but only a small part was preserved. Immediately adjacent to Building 21 was a very large pit full of iron slag. The pit appeared to belong to the latest phase of activity on this part of the site. The conjunction of these suggests that Buildings 6 and 21 were, at least in their final phases, workshops for the processing of iron from the ore. The predominant slag type was tap slag, the residue of iron-smelting; there was also spongy slag that could have been derived from either smelting or smithing, although the latter was considered more likely. (Evans 2000, 156).

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

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STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated PRN 10862g, associated PRN 10863 GGATE002311, GGATE001057

SOURCES Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01

PRN 10869g NAME OCCUPATION IN CAERLEON CANABAE (MILLMEAD) NGR ST3427490936, ST3427090892 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, occupation site, RANK: - SUMMARY Deposits in the extra-mural area to the east of the fortress of Caerleon, discovered through geophysical survey and test-pitting.

DESCRIPTION Evidence of activity, probably of the Roman period, was discovered through geophysical survey and test pitting at ST3427490936 and ST3427090892 in Millmead, although no structural remains were encountered. Identified as D12-13 on Evans 2000, 492-3 fig 125 and Evans 2006 map 1. This may represent the eastern limit of the Roman occupation. However, the main road PRN 05894.1g could not be traced southwards beyond Cambria House, and it is considered likely that there any evidence for Roman occupation at this point has been destroyed by river erosion. Evans 2000, 167-8

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E001057 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-19 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g, associated PRN 10867g GGATE001566, GGATE003906, GGATE002312, GGATE002311

SOURCES Report GGAT 1990 Excavation in the Roman Civilian Settlement at Caerleon 166 90/01 Book Evans, E M 2000 The Caerleon canabae: excavations in the civil settlement 1984-90 Britannia Monogr 16 Report Elks, D and Russell, S 2005 Geophysical survey: Millmead and Uskside, Caerleon

PRN 10870g NAME DITCHES IN CAERLEON CANABAE (AMBULANCE HEADQUARTERS) NGR ST3417290789 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Roman, ditch, RANK: - SUMMARY Ditches and other cut features of definite Roman date associated with probable building remains PRN 10866g.

DESCRIPTION Ditches and other cut features of definite Roman date associated with probable building remains PRN 10866g, discovered during trial excavation in 1996. Identified as D17 on Evans 2006 map 1. (Langton 1996)

CONDITION CONDITION: Excavated DESCRIPTION: - RELATED EVENT: E004440 DATE OF ENTRY: 2014-02-18 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES division of 05131g GGATE004440, GGATE002311

SOURCES Report Langton, B 1996 Ambulance HQ, Mill Street, Caerleon: Archaeological Evaluation 448 96/03 Report Evans, E M Roman roads and vici in Southeast Wales: Year 4 report - the Caerleon canabae. GGAT report no.2006/025

PRN 10879g NAME Windmill, Christchurch Hill, Newport NGR ST340890 COMMUNITY Caerleon TYPE Post-Medieval, Windmill, RANK: 1 SUMMARY Windmill recorded as standing in 1645, it became famous as the rendezvous at which Allan Botcler bearing dispatches for the Marquis of Worcester was commanded to meet a party from Raglan Castle. Windmill farm in the parish of Christchurch was in the tenure of John Jenkin. Hando mentions this mill and also states that the mill is recalled in the name Mill House (Melin 1988).

DESCRIPTION Windmill recorded as standing in 1645, it became famous as the rendezvous at which Allan Botcler bearing dispatches for the Marquis of Worcester was commanded to meet a party from Raglan Castle. Windmill farm

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in the parish of Christchurch was in the tenure of John Jenkin. Hando mentions this mill and also states that the mill is recalled in the name Mill House (Melin 1988).

CONDITION CONDITION: Not known DESCRIPTION: RELATED EVENT: E004180 DATE OF ENTRY: 2013-03-14 00:00:00

STATUS None recorded CROSS REFERENCES - -

SOURCES Journal Roberts, J.F. 1986 The Windmills of Gwent

AM - 11.20.14 (14:11) - HTML file produced from GGAT HER, GGAT file number 886. Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust, Heathfield House, Heathfield, Swansea, SA1 6EL. tel (01792) 655208 , fax (01792) 474696, email [email protected] , website www.ggat.org.uk

Archaeological data, from the Regional Historic Environment Record, supplied by The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust in partnership with Local Authorities, Cadw and the partners of ENDEX GGAT, 2010.

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Archaeology Wales Limited Rhos Helyg, Cwm Belan , Llanidloes, Powys SY18 6QF Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440371 Email: [email protected] Company Directors: Mark Houliston MIFA & Jill Houliston Company Registered No. 7440770 (England & Wales). Registered off ce: Morgan Gri ths LLP, Cross Chambers, 9 High Street, Newtown, Powys, SY16 2NY