Città Metropolitana

5th&Ea0ng&City&Summer&Campus& Gastronomy!Facing!Sustainability,!together!to!share!a!new!vision!of! public!food!services.! Vision& & Urban&Food&Planning&in&Turin& and&around&EU&&

Egidio&Dansero ! Alessia'Toldo,'Giacomo'Pe0ena2' University!of!Turin! Food!Atlas!project;!NTM!(Nutrire!Torino!Metropolitana)! Egidio&Dansero:&short&bio • Degree!in!Economics,!PhD!in!Urban! and!Regional!Geography!! • Full!prof.!Economic!&!PoliJcal! Geography,!other!courses:! InternaJonal!Development! CooperaJon;!Territorial!policies!and! sustainability!! • University!of!Turin,!Dept.!Cultures,! PoliJcs,!Society! Egidio&Dansero:&resumen • Delegado!del!Rector!a!la!Cooperación!Internacional! para!el!Desarrollo!(coordinador!del!proyecto!!UniCoo!)!

Journal!of!UNiversity!and!development! COoperaJon!(JUNCO)! !! hSp://www.ojs.unito.it/index.php/junco!! ! • Delegado!del!Rector!a!la!Sostenibilidad!Ambiental!de!la! Universidad!(coordinador!de!Green!Oﬃce!de!la! Universidad!de!Turín,!UniToGO)!www.green.unito.it! Egidio&Dansero:&resumen • Presidente!de!la!carrera!en!Ciencias!Internacional!de!lo! Desarrollo!y!Cooperación!! • Director!de!la!Maestría!en!GesJón!de!Desarrollo!en! colaboración!con!le!CIFVOIT!(Turin!School!of! Development)! Egidio&Dansero:&resumen • DireSore!del!Centro!interdiparJmentale!di!ricerca!di!Studi!Urbani! e!sugli!evenJ!OMERO!www.omero.unito.it!

• Coordinador!del!proyecto!Atlas!de!la!comida!de!Turín! metropolitana!! ! ! ! • CoVPresidente!de!la!VII!InternaJonal!Conference!Localizing!Food! Planning:!Farming!CiJes,!Performing!Rurality,!organized!by!the! Sustainable!Food!Planning!network,!AESOP!(AssociaJon!of! European!Schools!of!Planning)!hSp://www.aesoptorino2015.it! Research&ﬁelds • AlternaJve!food!geography,!AFN,!urban!food!policies,!urban!food!systems!

! • Sustainability,!local!development,!green!economy,!territory!and!ecoV restructuring!process!(i.e.!texJle!industry!and!districts,!smart!ciJes)!;! • MegaVevents,!Olympics,!territorial!transformaJons!and!local! development;! • Development!coVoperaJon,!territorial!analysis!and!local!development!(i.e.! in!the!Sahel)! • Environmental!and!territorial!conﬂicts;! • Industrial!heritage!valorisaJon!processes!and!policies,!derelict!sites! regeneraJon!and!local!development!in!old!industrial!regions!and!ciJes;! • Various:!! • Environmental!issues!geographical!descripJon!and!cartographic!representaJon;!! • ICT,!urban!and!regional!planning,!parJcipaJve!mapping,!crowdmapping;! • !University!and!the!city,!University!Campus!sustainability! ! Speciﬁc&issues

• AFN:!an!interdisciplinary!assessment!(environmental,! sociological,!economic!and!territorial!perspecJve)!:! Territoriality!and!proximity!in!AFN!(Turin!and!Piedmont!

• Food!actors,!food!movements!(Slow!Food,!GAS,!urban! gardeners…)!internaJonal!NGOs!engaged!in!Turin:!pracJsing! food!suveraignity!! • Researches!in!Italy!(Piedmont!and!Turin)!Búsquedas!en!Italia! (Piemonte!y!Turín,!en!parJcular)! • In!Senegal,!Burkina!Faso,!Kenya,!Morocco;!ArgenJna,!Brezil!(UniCoo! mobility!project)!

• Urban!food!policies!and!analysis!of!urban!food!systems! Why&we&arrived&to&focus&on&Urban& food&policy? A!comparaJve!perspecJve!from!diﬀerent!research!experiences:! • Agroecological!networks!and!ANT!(with!Brazilian!collegues,!Paranà)!! • Analysis!of!“Food!community!model”!by!Slow!Food!in!Africa!(4C4D! project)!and!of!environmental!,social,!economic!and!territorial! impact!of!Slow!Food!“presidium”!! • Enlarging!che!concept!of!Food!community!to!an!urban!scale.!How!a! territorial!insJtuJonal!(as!the!City!of!Turin)!can!be!considered!as!a! “food!community”.!! • Urban!dynamics!in!Turin:!from!the!fordist!one!company!town!to! the!Olympic!city,!postVfordism!(images!and!rhetorics!of!a!city! sustainable,!resilient,!creaJve,!smart,!of!social!innovaJon!…! Urban&food&policies:&what%are%we%speaking% about? • Pionieer!experiences!in!North!America!(Toronto,! Vancouver…)!and!UK!(Bristol…)! • !! • Main!issues!(in!the!pioneer!ciJes):!ﬁghJng!obesity!,! food!deserts!

• ReﬂecJons!about!responsability!and!potenJal!role!of! the!the!city!to!orient!the!food!system,!in!an!urbanizing! world!! 7

Trends in urbanization

Globally, more people live in urban areas than in rural areas. In 2007, for the first time in history, the global urban population exceeded the global rural population, and the world population has remained predominantly urban thereafter (figure 2). The planet has gone through a process of rapid urbanization over the past six decades. In 1950, more than two- thirds (70 per cent) of people worldwide lived in rural settlements and less than one-third (30 per cent) in urban settlements. In 2014, 54 per cent of the world’s population is urban. The urban population is expected to continue to grow, so that by 2050, the world will be one- third rural (34 per cent) and two-thirds urban (66 per cent), roughly the reverse of the global rural-urban population distribution of the mid-twentieth century (also see Annex Table I). A majority of the Figure 2. world’s population Urban and rural population of the world, 1950–2050 lives in urban areas

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

Population (millions) Population 2000

1000 Urban

0 Rural

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Levels of urbanization vary greatly across regions. In 2014, high levels of urbanization, at or above 80 per cent, characterized Latin America and the Caribbean and North- ern America. Europe, with 73 per cent of its population living in urban areas, is expected to be over 80 per cent urban by 2050 (fgure 3). Africa and Asia, in contrast, remain mostly rural, with 40 per cent and 48 per cent of their respective populations living in urban areas. Over the coming decades, the level of urbanization is expected to increase in all regions (also referred to as major areas), with Africa and Asia urbanizing faster than the rest. Nevertheless, these two regions, which are projected to reach 56 and 64 per cent urban by mid-century, respectively, are still expected to be less urbanized than other regions of the world. Food arrives on our plates as if by magic, and we rarely stop to wonder how it might have got there. Carolyn Steel, Hungry City, 2006 The&food&system:&A&stranger&to&the& planning&ﬁeld

• Despite!the!existenJal!signiﬁcance!of!eaJng,!the!food!system! has!been!strangely!neglected!in!urban!studies!unJl!quite! recently!V!Pothukuchi!K!and!Kaufman!J!(2000)!

• Urban!planning!has!aﬀorded!most!all!the!aspects:!land,! mobility,!environment,!commercial!and!social!services,! Jme...!but!not!food...!Managed!by!the!market...!Even!if!local! authoriJes!and!civil!society!has!an!important!role! Urban&food&system:&too&big&to&see The&urban&food&quesGon& ! • how!to!feed!ciJes!in!a!just,!sustainable!and!culturally! appropriated!manner!in!the!face!of!looming!climate!change,! widening!inequality!and!burgeoning!world!hunger!

• MulJfuncJonal!character:!not!only!a!narrow!nutriJonal!agenda,! but!food!is!viewed,!valued!and!used!in!society!through!diﬀerent! faces!of!a!prism:!social,!economic,!ecologica,!cultural,!poliJcal,! sexual,!spaJal…!

Morgan!(2014)!Nourishing'the'city:'The'rise'of'the'urban'food' ques2on'in'the'Global'North'' A&space&of&convergence&between& diﬀerent&formaGons&and&approaches:& scholars,&experts,&pracGGoners,&public& oﬃcers…&on&

• Rural!development! • Food!movements,!social!networks,!economics!of! solidarity!…! • Urban!processes!and!policies! • Food!system!! Urban&food&policies&(strategies,&planning)

• a!process!consisJng!of!how!a!city!envisions!change!in!its! food!system,!and!how!it!strives!towards!this! change”!(Moragues!et!al.,!2013).!! ! • a!new!public!arena!where!local!and!supraVlocal!actors! develop!and!implement!a!new!type!of!policy!concerning! food,!experimenJng!new!models!and!scales!of! governance!of!the!food!system!(Mount,!2012).!.! • UFPs!set!food!as!a!core!subject!in!the!public! poliJcal!agenda,!capitalising!exisJng! experiences!and!pracJces,!creaJng!networks! among!different!groups!of!stakeholders,!with! the!aim!of!having!sustainable,!resilient!and! fair!food!systems!and!creaJng!new!spaces!of! deliberaJon,!involving!different!actors! (Moragues!Faus!et!al,!2013).!! Food&in&urban&studies:&different&perspecGves& (Morgan,&2014)

• Urban&planning:&re;discovering&the&food&system& • !integrated!approach!between!procedural!and!substanJve!skills:!a!new! urban!food!planning!movement!(conJnuos!producJve!urban!landscapes;! healthy!urban!planning…)! • Urban&poli0cal&ecology:ℜnaturing&the&city,&exposing&unjust& landscapes& • !UPE!ideal!medium!through!which!urban!theory!could!learn!to!reVconnect! to!something!essenJal!as!water,!namely!food.!Food!must!be!the!big!thing! (Keil,!2005)! • Community&food&security:ℜaﬃrming&the&right&to&food&(jus0ce)& • !just!urban!food!systems:!to!render!the!food!visible!in!the!urban!poliJcal! realm:!connect!the!community!food!security!to!healthy!urban!planning! and!urban!poliJcal!ecology! Urban&Food&Strategies&and&Resilience& A&resilient&urban&system&for&ICLEI • to'be'diverse:'in!biodiversity,!cultural!diversity,!!agricultural!models,!spaces!of! producJon!and!consumpJon! • to'be'distributed:!through!the!interconnecJon!of!places!of!producJon!and! consumpJon,!centrally!and!peripherally,!verJcally!and!horizontally! • to'be'natural:'a!resilient!system!should!have!a!minimum!environmental!footprint! and!contribute!to!a!beSer!management!of!natural!resources.!! • to'be'innova2ve:'social!and!technological!innovaJon!are'fundamental!for!the! resilience!of!the!food!system!and!its!ﬂows!and!networks! • to'be'social:'a!food!system!cannot!be!resilient!without!being!just! • to'be'inclusive:'with!the!acJve!involvement!of!public!and!private!actors!

• ! hSp://resilientVciJes.iclei.org/bonn2013/program/urbanVfoodV systemsVforum/resilientVurbanVfoodVsystemsVinVbrief/! ! Figure:!foodVrelated!!pracJces!in!relaJon!with!the!four!spheres! of!urban!resilience!(CSIRO!et!al,!2007)!! Food!is!a! Food!is!an! COMMODITY&or! INTEGRATIVE& a!CARRIER&OF& CONCEPT&& CALORIES,! linking!diﬀerent! nutrients,! public!domains! vitamins,! and!policy! proteins,!etc.! objecJves.!

NEW&FOOD&EQUATION& Hypermodern!food!geography! AlternaJve!food!geography! Hypermodern&food& Alterna0ve&food& geography& geography& Growing! globalizaJon! of! the! Integrated!and!territorial! agriVfood!producJon!chain,! agriVfood!paradigm.& standarVdizaJon!of!food! ! ! producJon! and! processing! through! globally! applied! producJon,! processing! and! distribuJon! &(Wiskerke,!On'Places' Lost'and'Place' V Downward!pressure!on!farm!family!income! V Environmental!polluJon!and!ecological! Regained:'Reﬂec2on'on' degradaJon!;! the'Alterna2ve'Food' V Loss!of!organolepJc!quality!and!diversity;! Geography'and' V Consumers’!uncertainty!about!and!distrust! Sustainable'Regional' in!food;! Development,!2009)! V Health!problems:!obesity,!malnutriJonn! 376 J.S.C. Wiskerke

the deliberate intention to create alterity (or otherness) in the food system and to produce change in the ‘modes of connectivity’ between the production and consumption of food, generally through reconnecting food to the social, cultural and environmental context of its production. (Kirwan, 2004:395)

Another dimension is the rising relation between the public sector and the regional food market. By relocalizing, greening and moralizing public sector food procurement the government and (semi-) public bodies such as hospitals, schools and prisons have the capacity to deliver health and sustainability objectives: nutritious meals for patients and school children, enhance regional employment in the food sector, reduce food miles and CO2 emission, etc (Morgan, 2006; Morgan & Sonnino, 2008). The third dimension of the alternative food geography I discern are urban food strategies, i.e. the active role of cities and metropolitan regions as food policy makers. For decades food policy was considered to be the responsibility of the state (or even the supranational state if we consider the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy as a form of food policy), implying that cities are new actors with regard to food policy design and implementation. Although urban food strategies differ from city to city, the common denominator is the intention to connect and create synergies between different public domains, such as public health, education, social cohesion, environmental protection, employment and quality of life. The alternative food geography is thus — through its constituting emergent ﬁelds of AFNs, relocalized public food procurement and urban food strategies — characterized by new relations between the state/public sector, the market and civil society (i.e. the governance triangle, see Figure 1) with key roles for new actors and actor constellations (e.g. urban consumer groups, new producers’ collectives, city and regional governments,

The&integrated&and&territorial&mode&of&food&governance&(Wiskerke,!2009)! Downloaded by [Universita degli Studi di Torino] at 06:35 13 January 2014

Figure 1. The integrated and territorial mode of food governance. Networks&and&internaGonal&projects& • FAO!–! Food!for!ciJes!iniJaJve!(2001):!facilitaJng!communicaJon! and!sharing!knowledge!between!diﬀerent!actors!acJve!at!the! global!level!in!the!diﬀerent!local!context;!! • FAO!+!RUAF,!HIC,!ICLEI,!IUFN!are!promoJng!the!City!Region!Food! System!approach!www.cityregionfoodsystems.org.!

• Sustainable!Food!Planning!V!AESOP hSp://www.aesopVplanning.eu/blogs/en_GB/sustainableVfoodV planning.!

• Sustainable!food!ciJes!network!(2011,!UK!46!localiJes)! hSp://sustainablefoodciJes.org!

• Milan!Urban!Food!Policy!Pact!(2015V10V15,!145!ciJes)! hSp://www.milanurbanfoodpolicypact.org!

Sustainable&Food&CiGes&Network&(UK)

• Born!in!2011! • to!promote!peerVtoVpeer! learning!and!knowledgeV exchange!between!localiJes!that! are!commiSed!to!embedding! healthy!and!sustainable!food! into!policy! • 46!localiJes!partner,!among! which! • !Birmingham,!Bristol,!Cardiff,! Glasgow,!Leeds,!Liverpool,! London,!Manchester!and! greater!Manchester,! Sheffield…! Sustainable&Food&CiGes&Network&(UK)& 3Ps& • Establishing!an!effecJve!crossVsector!Food!Partnership! • Embedding!healthy!and!sustainable!food!in!Policy&! • Developing!and!delivering!a!food!strategy!and!AcJon!Plan&

Developing&indicators&& • measure!the!posiJve!impacts!of!developing!sustainable!food! strategies!and!acJon!plans!at!a!local!level.!! Sustainable&Food&CiGes&Network&(UK)&

Key&issues& ! 1.!PromoJng!healthy!and!sustainable!food!to!the!public! 2.!Tackling!food!poverty,!dietVrelated!ill!health!and!access!to! aﬀordable!healthy!food! 3.!Building!community!food!knowledge,!skills,!resources!and! projects! 4.!PromoJng!a!vibrant!and!diverse!sustainable!food!economy! 5.!Transforming!catering!and!food!procurement! 6.!Reducing!waste!and!the!ecological!footprint!of!the!food! system! A!possible!posiJve!heritage!

The MUFPP

(134 cities, now 140)! The MUFPP in Europe The way forward

Raising Awarness! Political commitment! Actions!

Annual gathering 2017! MUFPP Secretariat! Monitoring!framework!(FAO)! ! ! ! MUFPP Award 2017! MUFPP Steering Food!Networks!Alliance! ! committee! ! ! MUFPP Supporters! Relocalization and re-moralization

Increasing&the"e&of&food& Assure&food&security&and&food&rights& locally&produced& & Assure&equity&along&the&overall&food& chain&

TOP DOWN POLICIES! BOTTOM UP POLICIES

SDGs, New Urban Agenda Civil society!

Milan Urban Food Policy Pact

Toronto, Vancouver, Ottawa, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Canada Detroit, Seattle, Stati Uniti Malmo, Edimburgo, Inghilterra Glasgow, Rotterdam, Scozia Utrecht, Amsterdam, Svezia Bristol, London, Islington, Olanda Brighton&Howe, Bradford, Danimarca Edmonton, Pisa, Calgary, Brasile Belo Horizonte, Oakland, Cina Haringey, Copenhagen, … Milano… Italia ! TORINO! 2Map. PANORAMICA&of&urban&food INTERNAZIONALE&policies&by&kind&and& DELLElevel INIZIATIVE&of&ac0vi0es ALIMENTARI&&(Està,!CaloriV URBANEMagarini ,!2015)!!!!!!!!!!!!!

PROGETTI Città che hanno promosso iniziativeCiJes!with! settorialisectoral !acJviJes! !

ANALISI Città che hanno sviluppato analisi ed interpretazioniCiJes!with!analysis del loro!and! sistemainterpretaJon ! alimetnareof!their!urban urbano!food !systemy!

POLITICHE / STRATEGIE CittàCiJes che!that hanno!developed sviluppato!integrated politiche! integrate e strategie generali policies!and!integrated!strategies! FOOD COUNCIL Città che hanno costruito un mandato CiJesistituzionale!with!an! perinsJtuJonal un consiglio !delcommitment cibo ! towardsper supportare!a!Food, implemntare!Council!to!,support ,! implementmonitorare gli!and!monitor!the! effetti delle iniziativeeﬀects !of! foodalimentari!policies. !and!iniJaJves! Food chart

URBAN FOOD PLANNING

6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI

6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI 6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI 6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI Food chart

URBAN Food system FOOD analysis PLANNING 6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI 6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI 6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI Food chart

6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI Food chart

URBAN Food FOOD system analysis PLANNING

Participa tion Food chart

URBAN Food FOOD system analysis PLANNING

Strategy Participa tion sostenibile

STRATEGI A del CIBO

6 marzo 2015 –CONOSCERSI Food chart

URBAN Ordinary manage Food FOOD system ment analysis PLANNING

Strategy Participa tion Structure Food /mission chart

Ordinary URBAN manage Food FOOD system ment analysis PLANNING

Strategy Participa tion Structure Food /mission chart

URBAN Ordinary Food FOOD manage system ment analysis PLANNING

Strategy Participa tion Vancouver&Food&Strategy Vancouver&Food&Strategy& The City of Vancouver defines a just and sustainable food system as one in which food production, processing, distribution , consumption and waste management are integrated to enhance the environmental, economic, social and nutritional well-being of our city and its residents The City of Vancouver is committed to a just and sustainable food system that: • contributes to the economic, ecological, and social well-being of our city and region • encourages personal, business and government food practices that foster local production and protect our natural and human resources • recognizes access to safe, sufficient, culturally appropriate and nutritious food as a basic human right for all Vancouver residents • reflects the dialogue between the community, government, and all sectors of the food system, and • celebrates Vancouver’s multicultural food traditions. Vancouver&Food&Strategy& 1. Community economic development Locally-based food systems enhance Vancouver’s economy. Greater reliance on local food systems strengthens our local and regional economies, creates employment, and increases food security. 2. Ecological health A whole-system approach to food protects our natural resources, reduces and redirects food waste, and contributes to the environmental stability and well-being of our local, regional, and global communities. 3. Social justice Food is a basic human right. All residents need accessible, affordable, healthy, and culturally appropriate food. Children in particular require adequate amounts of nutritious food for normal growth and learning. 4. Collaboration and participation Sustainable food systems encourage civic engagement, promote responsibility, and strengthen communities. Community food security improves when local government collaborates with community groups, businesses, and other levels of government on sound food system planning, policies and practices. 5. Celebration Sharing food is a fundamental human experience. Food brings people together in celebrations of community and diversity. IntegraGng&tools&and&policies&

Healthy City Strategy Greenest Economic City Development Action Plan Plan Vancouver Food Community Strategy Planning Transportation Plan

Housing & Social Homeless Infrastructure Strategy Plan &&Urban&Food&Strategy Which&territory&for&urban&food&policies

• Beyond!administraJve!borders! • Local!food!system;!local!system!of!food!

• Some!concepts! • Food!mile! • Foodshed! • Bioregion! • City!region!food!systems!

The!geographical!area!from!which!the!foods!marketed!and!consumed!in!a!parJcular!context!come! from!(Hedden,!1929:!How'great'ci2es'are'fed?)!

What’s now going on in Turin?

PopulaJon! • Turin’s!municipality!:! 900.000! • ProvinceVmetropolitan! city:2.300.000! • Metropolitan!area!IVII! ring:!1.700.000!

21 GENNAIO 2015

CLASSE DI N. N. POPOLAZIONE ZONA KMQ POPOLAZIONE ZONA COMUNI (ISTAT2011) Comune TORINO 1 1869.312130 Capoluogo > 200.000 AMT Sud 3 18 264.124 388 < 300.000 AMT Ovest 2 11 225.202 173

AMT Nord 4 7133.869174 > 120.000 Pinerolese 5 45 132.429 1.301 < 200.000 Chierese - Carmagnolese 11 23 130.593 467

Valli Susa e Sangone 6 43 114.165 1.279

Ciriacese - Valli di Lanzo 7 40 100.657 972 > 80.000 <120.000 Chivassese 10 23 98.177 414 Eporediese 9 59 90.885 553 Canavese Occidentale 8 45 83.969 970

TOTALE 11 315 2.243.382 6.821 Il metodo

TurinAl fine:!1816! di risalire ad un quadro quanto più completo ed esaustivo dei processi di antropizzazione, la Provincia di Torino si è dotata di cartografie storiche tra le quali fosse possibile una comparazione.

La cartografia disponibile ha consentito la realizza- zione di un'analisi diacronica lungo un arco tempo- rale di quasi due secoli. A partire dalle carte degli Stati Sardi, risalenti ad un periodo compreso tra il 1816 ed il 1830, attraverso la «visione» di livelli tem- porali intermedi rappresentati dalla serie delle carte IGM del 1880, del 1920 e del 1960, si arriva all'elaborazione dei dati desunti dalla Carta Tecnica

7 Land&use&transformaGons…1820\2000

The!Province!of!Turin:!the!new!“CiSà! metropolitana”:!2.250!million!inhab.!6800!km2! Land&use&transformaGons&…1990\2006&\& AMT

E. Gottero – Agricoltura metropolitana

Fig. 20 – Aree coinvolte da cambiamenti di uso del suolo tra il 2000 e il 2012 (Elaborazione cartografica dell’autore su dati geografici CLC, III livello)

Fig. 21 – Uso e copertura del suolo al 2000 (Elaborazione cartografica Fig. 22 – Uso e copertura del suolo al 2012 (Elaborazione cartografica dell’autore su dati geografici CLC, III livello) dell’autore su dati geografici CLC, III livello)

Tab. 7 – Tasso di variazione dell’uso del suolo nel periodo tra il 2000 e il 2012 (Elaborazione dell’autore su dati numerici e spaziali CLC, III livello) Descrizione Superficie 2000 (ha) Superficie 2012 (ha) Tasso di variazione (%) Zone urbanizzate 22569.03 24595.04 8.98 Aree verdi urbane 925.15 1234.76 33.47 Aree sportive e ricreative 276.18 321.9 16.55 Aree agricole 50037.86 48591.59 -2.89 Boschi di latifoglie e conifere 10437.89 9233.46 -11.54 Aree a vegetazione boschiva e arbustiva in evoluzione 54.8 459.71 738.89 Fonte:!GoSero,!Agricoltura!metropolitana,!Torino!2016!!

46 The&territorial&context&

!!InsJtuJonal!transiJon!towards!the! ci0à' metropolitana'(pop.!2.3!millions)!

!!Strict!relaJonships!with!Milan!and!with!France!

!!Cultural!and!funcJonal!with!the!Alps!and!the! producJve!countryside!of!Piedmont! The&territorial&context&

A!changing!city,!towards!a! new!urban!image! The&territorial&context&

!Strong!tradiJon!of!gastronomy!and!food!producJon!

!Food!is!a!material!and!symbolic!strategic!asset!of!the!postV industrial!city!

!Powerful!actors!of!food!sector!(cultural!and!economic)!

!Strong!presence!of!open!air!markets!

!Strong!commitment!of!public!authoriJes!on!food!issues! Conclusion&(of&communicaGon&in& Montpellier&2013):&A¶dox&1&

• Turin!as!a!“food!capital”!(usual!autoVpromoJon!in!urban! markeJng!+!a!capital!syndrome).!Food'capital'of'the'luxury' food?' • Many!strenght!points!and!excellence! • Diﬀuse!food!culture!! • Many!iniJaJves!publicVprivateVthirld!sector!along!the!overall! food!cycle! Conclusion&(of&communicaGon&in& Montpellier&2013):&A¶dox&2&

• But!there!was!no!strategic!vision!about!food,!even!if!it! was!present!in!city!promoJon!and!in!tourist!experience!

• There!were!many!discourses!about!Food,!many! important!actors,!from!radical!AFN!to!convenJonal!FN!

• Producing!space!(poliJcal,!cultural,!representaJonal)! for!urban'food'policies!

! TURIN&Food&Planning&

ATLANTE&del&CIBO&di&TORINO&METROPOLITANA& Good practices already exist!

Food& Waste& Farmers’& projects& markets&

Food& Solidarity; public& based& procureme purchasing& nt& groups&

Food&hubs& Urban& gardens&

…& Scale& Extension&of& Jurisdic0on& Produced&scale& local&system&of& scale& food&

Micro!

Local! ! Metropolitan! ! Megapolitan/ Regional! NaJonal! /InternaJonal!

The&naGonal&scale&&&&& Italian%regional%diversity%%%%–%%%%and%na9onal%discourses Theµ\local&scale&&&&&

Urban&garden& In!Turin!you!will!ﬁnd!the!largest!openV air!fruit!and!vegetable!market!in! Europe.! Europe’s&&(maybe)& Full!of!life,!the!bustling!market!starts! in!the!morning!(around!8am)!and!goes! on!unJl!2pm.!This!is!where!the!locals! Largest&Open;Air& go!to!buy!their!weekly!food!shopping,! and!a!great!place!to!soak!up!the! Market& Italian!atmosphere.! Selling!seasonal!fruits!and!vegetables! by!the!kilo,!you!can!easily!buy!a!whole! week!of!greens!for!€6,!and!it’s!the! perfect!place!to!put!together!a!cheap! pic!nic!lunch!before!heading!over!to! one!of!the!parks!nearby.!

hSp://www.aswetravel.com/turinVitalysVforgoSenVfoodVcapital/! The&local\regional&scale&&&&&

Street&markets;direct& selling& ;farmer&markets& AFN&in&Piedmont®ion

Piedmont’s!agriculture!can!be!divided!into! different!sectors:!! •commodi2es ,!characterized!by!poorly! differenJated,!intensive!and!localized!mainly!in! the!plain!(mostly!caSle!and!cereals);!! •regionalized'produc2ons ,!produced!and! consumed!within!the!regional!market!(mostly! fresh!vegetables)!! •special2es ,!highly!territorialized!!producJon,! owen!subject!to!cerJficaJon!quality!(such!as!wine,! meat,!cheese);! •marginal'produc2ons' located!in!the!mountain! areas! ! ! ! ! In!the!last!years,!within!the!Italian!context!Piedmont!is!recognized!as!one!of!the!most!“quality! oriented”!territory!of!food! Langhe:&an&eno; gastronomic&specialized& cultural&district&

88! Piedmont’s&AFNs:&other&experiences

1.000&farms&involved&in& 80&farmer&markets& 106&GAS& direct&selling&(mostly& (box&schemes)&& fresh&and&cheese)&& How&much&food&Turin&needs&every&day?

6! Which&territory&for&Urban&food&policies?& A&polycentric&territorial&system&

ATLANTE&del&CIBO&di&TORINO&METROPOLITANA& Turin’s&green& belt&project& Which&territory&for&Urban&food&policies?& A&mul0&and&transcalar&system& & Beyond&urban& compe00on…&a& new&space&for&…& urban&coopera0on!

ATLANTE&del&CIBO&di&TORINO&METROPOLITANA& Food!Atlas!project!and!process! & & ”& :! ' food &Project& acJon ( prac0ces actors ,/ “Smart& Dear '2013)' communi0es ,'30' food MUFPP&–&right&to& ! ) & ' febWmay ( mee2ngs ! 5' actors Torino& Smile& food&city ! '2015)' & ,'240' ! quoted june –' group Metropolitan Turin ! & feb ( ! )! system mee2ngs !

3' !in!the!3! V

V food ! !Assembly! Feeding PrivateVpublic! ' coordinaJon processes involved )' Turin ( Food ! Commission & ! ! actors &Capital& '2014 ,'40' &City)&& Food group actors ! sept Food Actors!by! Food 280& ( mee2ngs (marchW Torino!Strategica! W'4' Torino& & InterinsJtuJonal coordinaJon 'by' ' & Turin .& actors ' system 'domain'of' ' &Agenda& W' food Green& Food Selected diﬀerent

Metropol

Infrastructure )!

actors ! food Turin !in! !! Torino!Strategica!! proposals !

animaJng !and! organizing ! governance !

.&2015

Projects !and! processess !for! Visions!and!!

2me'

Dec ( Actors&performing&Urban&Food&Policies&in&Turin

MUFFP! Turin!Municipality! Chambers&of& &!municipaliJes!(I!&!II!ring)! Commerce…& Founda0on&and& Local& Smart'Food' Saving&Banks& governments& Communi2es' Food&market&big& Metropolitan!City! Torino'Strategica' players& V!Lavazza,!Eataly! Regional'natural' Food' GDO…!V!Coop,! parks' Commission' NTM! Ferrero…! Region! Food'events' W'Terra'Madre' Food&organiza0on& Salone'del' V!Coldirex,! UniTO! Food! gusto….' Atlas! Federestaurants…! PoliTO! Media& UniSG! Food&movements& V Food!journalism! Universi0es&& (Pollenzo)! V Slow'Food' &&research& V GasTorinoVDES! V Cinemambiente! centres& Ires,!Ipla,! V Consumers!mov.! V ….! Zooprof,! V NGOs…! IUC..! V Urban!gardeners..! Food&Agenda&Process&strategic%food%items&

1. &EDUCATION&and&TRAINING! 2.&INFORMATION&and&KNOWLEDGE! 3.&DISTRIBUTION&and&LOGISTIC&PLATFORMS! 4.&PUBLIC&PROCUREMENT! 5.&SIMPLIFICATION! 6.&PREMIUM&to&QUALITY! 7.&TERRITORIAL&PLANNING! 8.&NEW&FOOD&GOVERNANCE!

Toward the Atlante del Cibo di Torino Metropolitana

Polito&

Unito&

hmps://versolatlantedelcibo.wordpress.com/& UniSG& www.atlantedelcibo.it

First!results! Produzione&di&fruma&e&ortaggi&nella&Torino& Metropolitana&& Frutta (da0&Anagrafe&Agricola,&Regione&Piemonte&2016)& • 2.287 imprese agricole, pari al 15,9% delle aziende agricole

• superficie coltivazione 2.995 ha, 1,5% della SAU

• suddivisione della superficie per varietà: Kiwi 23% Melo 19,6% Nocciolo 16,5% Castagno 14,4%

Orticole • 2.000 imprese agricole su una superficie di 2.000 ha

• superficie per varietà: Distribuzione'della'superﬁcie' Zucchine e zucche 200 ha col2vata'a'fru0a'e'col2vazioni' Patate 197 ha prevalen2'nei'comuni'della'Ci0à' Insalate 130 ha metropolitana'(fonte:'Regione' Piemonte,'2016)' Peperoni 125 ha ' Cavoli e verze 82 ha I distretti del cioccolato e del caffè (dati CCIAA, 2016) Cioccolato • 72 imprese, 66% del totale piemontese • 44 imprese nel Comune di Torino e 14 nella prima cintura • 48 microimprese, 18 piccole imprese, 3 medie e 3 grandi imprese oltre i 100 addetti. • Oltre 1.500 addetti

Caffè • 49 imprese, di cui 18 a Torino • 50% è la crescita del numero di imprese dal 2001 al 2016 • quasi 1800 addetti su un totale nazionale di oltre 7000 addetti • Oltre 8000 bar a Torino, 1 ogni 103 abitanti

! Curiosità: la prima macchina del caffè espresso viene presentata nel 1884 dal suo inventore Torinese Angelo Moriondo

! ! ! & ! ! Le forme della distribuzione: GDO, PDO, negozi di vicinato,mercati, farmers’ market e GAS (daJ!CCIAA,!2016;!MISE!2016,!PROGETTO!AFNIA,!2016)!

GDO - 55 centri commerciali medi e 57 grandi - 29 ipermercati (+38% dal 2001), 366 (+ 127% dal 2001) supermercati, 224 minimercati (+148% dal 2001) Negozi alimentari di vicinato 8.881 negozi nella Città Metropolitana

Mercati - 363 con 17.093 banchi alimentari nella Città Metropolitana - Solo a Torino 42 mercati giornalieri, 38 banchi di produttori - 366 banchi alimentari a Porta Palazzo Distribuzione'dei'merca2'a'Torino'' (fonte:'Ci0à'di'Torino,'2016! Farmers’ market - 70 nella Città Metropolitana ! - 15 a Torino e prima cintura Il!99,2%&della&popolazione&vive&in&un& GAS comune&con!almeno&un&esercizio& - 121 nella Città Metropolitana, di cui 73 a commerciale&alimentare& Torino, 21 in prima cintura, 12 in seconda ! cintura ! ! & ! ! ! & ! ! La trasformazione e la specializzazione “alimentare” di San Salvario

291 esercizi di somministrazione alimentare in un quadrato di 400 m X 400 m

I!3!loghi!dei!3! atenei! imprese!agricole!! 13.500&aziende!cerealicole! Industria!alimentare! 22%&giovanili! 1:4&!imprese!giovanili! 9%&del!totale! opera!nel!seSore!alimentare! 45.000&ha&di!! colture!permanenJ!133&imprese!lavorazione!carne! 118&caseSe!dell’acqua! 1066&distributori!di!laSe!crudo! 2,9%!SAU! oltre&100&sagre!! produzione!biologica! 125&ha&di!peperoni!

2,5&milioni&capi!avicoli!72&imprese!trasformazione!cacao! 250000&capi!bovini! circa&400&t.!al!giorno!! consumo!di!cereali!e!derivaJ!! 1324&operatori!nel!biologico!2.287&imprese!fruxcole! 212&Gas! più!600&produmori&partecipano! COMIT! 419!alpeggi! 16&operatori! !alle!AFN!di!Torino! 9!Presidi!Slow!Food! Il&sistema&alimentare&& 363&mercaJ! di&Torino&Metropolitana& CAAT! 1.000&ha&superficie!viJvinicola! 88&grossisJ!e!58!produSori! !&2184!aziende! 186&Maestri!del!Gusto! 70&farmers’!market! 20&prodox!Arca!del!Gusto! circa&600&t.!di!ortofruSa!! 1591&ha&di!biologico! consumate!quoJdianamente!! !in!conversione! 8&milioni&di!pasJ!annui! 49&imprese!trasformazione!caffè! ristorazione!scolasJca! 8!perimetrazioni!vini!DOC!! 2.000!imprese!orJcole!! Even0&enogastronomici!internazionali! 36%&aziende!agricole!fanno! vendita!direSa!! 2193&imprese!alimentari! 85.000&ha&di!praJ!e!pascoli! circa&1.600&t.!al!giorno! !!cibo!consumato!! 120.000&ha&di!seminaJvi! 1.451&imprese!prodox!da!forni! 9!Presidi!Slow!Food! 1066&distributori! di!laSe!crudo! 2.287&imprese!fruxcole! più!600&produmori&partecipano! 125&ha&di!peperoni! !alle!AFN!di!Torino! 2,9%!SAU! 363&mercaJ! CAAT! produzione!biologica! 212&Gas! Even0&enogastronomici!internazionali! 250000&capi!bovini! 88&grossisJ!e!58!produSori! 1591!ha!di!biologico! !in!conversione! 1.000!ha!superficie!viJvinicola!70&farmers’!market! 2184!aziende! 36%&aziende!agricole!fanno! 2193&imprese!alimentari! 2.000&imprese!orJcole!! vendita!direSa!! 85.000!ha!di!praJ!e!pascoli! 2,5&milioni&capi!avicoli! circa&600&t.!di!ortofruSa!! COMIT! consumate!quoJdianamente!! 8!perimetrazioni!vini!DOC!!13.500&aziende!cerealicole!16&operatori! 72&imprese!! 8&milioni&di!pasJ!annui! 186&Maestri!del!Gusto! ristorazione!scolasJca! 120.000&ha&di!seminaJvi! trasformazione!cacao! 20&prodox!Arca!del!Gusto! 1324&operatori!nel!biologico! circa&1.600&t.!al!giorno! !!cibo!consumato!! circa&400&t.!al!giorno!! 1.451&imprese!prodox!da!forni! consumo!di!cereali!e!

49&imprese!trasformazione!caffè! derivaJ!! Criteria&to&evaluate&UFP&(Sonnino&&&Spade,&2014) • (a)&clarity!of!the!overall!vision&proposed!by!the!policies!under! construcJon.!Which!“food!system”!are!these!processes!aiming!at?!Which! are!the!aSributes!of!“food”!defined!as!desirable!by!the!actors!of!the! process?! • (b)&adop0on&of&a&comprehensive!policy!approach.&Is!food!considered! during!its!whole!chain,!from!farm!to!fork!and!even!awer,!up!to!the!waste! bin?! • (c)&an&explicitly&and&clearly&stated!need!for!change.&Is!this!need! explicitly!underscored!by!the!goals!of!the!food!strategy?!! • (d)°ree&of&involvement!of!stakeholders.!What!is!the!extent!of! parJcipaJon!in!the!process?!How!many!and!which!stakeholders!are! involved!in!sharing!the!vision!of!the!future!urban!food!system?! • (e)&the&presence&of&mechanisms!to!evaluate!and!monitor!progress.! Is!there!a!wellVdefined!system!to!evaluate!the!results!of!the!food!policy,! the!reVdefined!goals!and!the!implementaJon!acJons,!if!the!need!for! reformulaJon!should!arise?! • (f)&the&capacity&to&harness&cultural!change!in!the!system.&Does!the! food!policy!seem!to!be!able!to!substanJally!change!the!way!food!is! produced,!distributed,!chosen!and!consumed!within!the!local!food! system?!