Waste’ Debate the Pessimistic and the SCRAP Positive Meet at Pollutec

January/February 2009, No. 1

Turning point for recyclers in ‘waste’ debate The pessimistic and the SCRAP positive meet at Pollutec

RI_001 COVER.indd 1 19-01-2009 10:07:30 AR_2230.indd 1 15-01-2009 14:16:38 VIEWPOINT

is a month ly busi ness mag a zine for the inter na tion al recy cling indus try Blue Monday and is pub lished 10 times a year. As we all know, Friday the 13th is meant to be Address unlucky. But according to research, there is an even P.O. Box 2098 6802 CB Arnhem more inauspicious day in the calendar when our The Netherlands enthusiasm for life is said to dwindle to its lowest

Delivery Address point…. Jacob Marislaan 30 6813 JV Arnhem The Netherlands here are some famous lines in a song by Lou The UK-based Mental Health Foundation has pub- Phone +31 26 3120 994 Fax +31 26 3120 630 TRawls which could almost be my life’s motto: lished a booklet entitled ‘How to look after your E: info@recy clin gin ter na tion al.com ‘The eagle ﬂ ies on Friday, Saturday I go out to play.’ mental health’ in which it suggests ten ways to take W: www.recy clin gin ter na tion al.com The other side of the coin is that my Sundays are care of yourself when all you want to do is hide under

Publisher & Editor usually spent trying to recover from the tortures the duvet. The suggestions are: keep active; eat well; Manfred Beck I have infl icted on my poor ol’ body earlier in the keep in touch; care for others; do something you are [email protected] weekend. And after Sunday looms Monday, good at; ask for help; accept who you are; talk about Deputy Editor gloomy Monday. your feelings; take a break; and drink sensibly. Gert-Jan van der Have All rather boring, isn’t it? I don’t know [email protected] how it is with you, but I know that I Magazine Administrator ‘Blue Monday’ = need to do something more dramatic Helga Fresen to rid myself of the ‘Blue Monday’ [email protected] [W + (D-d)] x TQM x NA. mood. So, to help you to face up to Editorial con sul tant next year’s ‘Blue Monday’, here are my Ian Martin [email protected] own ten tips for beating the blues: This year, January 19th was a particularly bad 1. Make sure you get up, get dressed, try to look good Contributing edi tor/Consultant tech nol o gy Monday. I woke up mentally unhealthy although and don’t leave off the make-up (although the last Prof. Ir. Wijnand Dalmijn, Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands there was basically nothing wrong with me - at part applies to women and drag queens only); least, no more than usual for a Monday morning. 2. Exercise: it can change your mood. By exercise, Contributing to this issue Helga Fresen, Ian Martin, Adam Minter, This is because the day in question was ‘Blue Mon- I mean go out with friends and play poker, pool Voermans van Bree Photographers day’ - the day identifi ed several years ago in the or bowling all day long while drinking large UK as the most depressing of the year. amounts of booze and munching away on super- Art Direction Inpladi Lay Out Studio Although many fellow scientists are laughing off size hamburgers (we wouldn’t like to overdo the his proposition, Dr Cliff Arnall - a Cardiff Uni- exercise and get injured, would we?); Printing Company vanGrinsven druk kers Venlo bv versity psychologist specialising in depression - has 3. Avoid answering your telephone or accessing devised a formula that can pinpoint a year’s most your email inbox - infact, bury your mobile Advertising Sales gloomy day. For 2009, this dubious accolade was phone in the garden and buy a padlock for your Jan Willem Ypma Phone: +31 343 517 488 earned by January 19th because: the glow of offi ce door. Fax: +31 343 510 253 Christmas has faded; New Year’s resolutions have 4. Indulge in a gratifi cation exercise: take fi ve min- E: [email protected] been broken; even colder winter weather has set utes to write three things you are grateful for,

Subscriptions in; and credit card bills are landing on doormats such as rising prices of recyclables, stocks going Subsciption rate: e 149 a year across the land. Worse still, the January pay cheque up again or the fact that your wife or husband (excl. V.A.T.) is still almost two weeks away. hasn’t found out about your love affair (yet); ISSN 1387-8700 Dr Arnall has devised the complex equation [W + 5. Try to be more disciplined with your bed-times (D-d)] x TQM x NA for working out the year’s and playmates; Copyright 2009© most depressing day: ‘W’ stands for how bad the 6. Visit Australia: it’s lighter down under; All rights reserved. No part of this weather is at this time of year; ‘D’ the amount of 7. Get up, drink a bellyful of whisky, go back to bed pub li ca tion may be repro duced or trans mit ted by any means with out debt accumulated over the holidays and ‘d’ how and stay there until Tuesday morning; writ ten per mis sion of the pub lish er. much of it has been paid off; ‘T’ the time elapsed 8. Avoid listening to songs like ‘I don’t like Mon- since the holidays; ‘Q’ the collapse of our New days’ by the Boomtown Rats; Member of Year’s resolutions; ‘M’ our general motivation lev- 9. Shop ’til you drop (women) or shoot a grizzly els; and ‘NA’ the feeling of a need to take action. bear (men); Altogether, these factors lead us to the calculation 10. And above all, remember: the rest of 2009 can of January 19th as 2009’s ‘Blue Monday’. only get better.

Manfred Beck Editor

RI_003 Viewpoint.indd 1 20-01-2009 09:04:37 Lead is what we need

Lead recycLing The Calder Group is Europe’s leading lead producer. We operate plants in 5 European countries. Our recycled lead is used in the automotive industry, the building & construction industry, the chemical industry and for radiation shielding. We purchase both soft scrap lead and remelted ingots and recycle this in order to produce anything made out of lead. Our recycle plants are located in Ireland and the Netherlands. Interested? Please contact Gary Smyth at +353 1 457 3240 ([email protected]) or Johan Bodde at +31 70 319 2288 ([email protected]), or visit our website at www.caldergroup.eu.

the caLder group – Leading in Lead

AR_2206.indd 1 03-12-2008 16:43:40 IN THIS ISSUE

22 SCRAP

January/February 2009, No. 1 Twenty years ago around Linyi, apparently ‘nobody wanted to marry a scrap man’. Now, the recycling industry earns wide respect in the region; indeed, there are plans afoot to turn Linyi into the domestic scrap recycling capital of China. Already, Huadong Nonferrous Metals City near Linyi is easily China’s largest market for domestically-generated scrap. Furthermore, China’s national leaders regard it as a model of how the growing domestic recycling trade should operate. Also in this article, there is an insight into Zhangjiagang, Linyi’s ferrous counterpart. Turning point for recyclers

in ‘waste’ debateThe pessimistic and the SCRAP positive meet at Pollutec 30 The pessimistic and the positive meet at Pollutec

With the downturn in the world economy severely affecting the recycling industry, the question of whether machinery manufacturers would be the next to be hit was a key subject of discussion at the latest Pollutec exhibition, held in December in the French city of Lyon. But amid all the gloominess, there were positive developments at this major machinery show.

18 Turning point for recyclers 34 Kiwi company’s attachment in ‘waste’ debate to global growth

For Europe’s recycling Since its inception in 2000, A-Ward industry, it is being hailed Attachments has worked its way up at an as the most important astonishing speed to become one of the piece of legislation in world’s leading attachment specialists. Right more than 30 years. The from the start, the company focused on the EU Waste Framework worldwide market. From its New Zealand Directive was formally base, the owner of this family business adopted by the Council of Simon Ward is still driving the search for Ministers in October last new markets. Simon Ward observes: ‘We have been selling about 60% of year, but what is likely to our machinery in North America - but that has declined to 30% by now. be its practical impact? Recycling International spoke to We are more looking to South America, to parts of Eastern Europe and three experts - from the European Parliament, the Russia - and especially to the Middle East.’ And noting the success of his European Commission and the BIR world recycling container tilters, Mr Ward adds: ‘Containerised transport has been organisation - to gauge their opinions on the content growing a lot over recent years.’ and importance of the revision. 52 Index of articles published in 2008

In 2008, Recycling International brought its readers hundreds of interesting articles, covering for example: the major recyclable commodities such as ferrous/non-ferrous metals, recovered paper, plastics, electronic scrap and textiles; company proﬁ les; reviews of SECTIONS MARKETS ANALYSIS congresses, conventions and trade shows; spotlights on recycling Viewpoint / 3 Ferrous scrap / 36 machinery and equipment, as well as on their suppliers; details of Events Calendar / 6 Stainless steel scrap / 42 international legislation and technological developments; and much News / 8 Non-fer rous scrap / 44 more. In this issue, we provide a breakdown of the main Product news / 17 Recovered paper / 48 articles featured in last year’s 10 Next issue / 55 Textiles / 51 issues of Recycling International.

RI_002 Inhoud.indd 5 20-01-2009 10:00:41 EVENTS

11 May Prague (Czech Republic) 11-13 March Munich (Germany) Waste Management 2009 9th International Automobile Recycling Congress Conference on Central and Eastern The Frauenkirche and Munich Town Hall are dominant in the German city’s skyline. Europe’s Waste Management Sector EastEuroLink 2009 Phone: +44 207 275 8020 www.easteurolink.co.uk E-mail: [email protected]

2-3 March Berlin (Germany) 17-18 May Ningbo (China) 10th OEA International Aluminium China International Recycling Recycling Congress Conference & Exhibition OEA CRRA (Sherry Wang) Phone: +49 211 45 19 33 Phone: +86 10 8586 0073 Fax: +49 211 43 10 09 Fax: +86 10 8586 3393 [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.oea-alurecycling.org www.chinairc.org

25-27 May Dubai Swiss congress organiser ICM has on the impact of car recyclers on 11-13 March Munich (Germany) (United Arab Emirates) compiled a varied programme for the climate change, and a workschop on 9th International Automobile BIR Spring Convention International Automobile recycling the European REACH directive, as Recycling Congress Bureau of International Recycling Congress (IARC), also this year held well as networking opportunities. ICM Phone: +32 2 627 5770 in the German city Munich. Dozens Since the last IARC congress in 2008, Phone: +41 62 785 1000 Fax: +32 2 627 5773 Fax: +41 62 785 1005 E-mail: [email protected] of speakers are discussing the latest the ELV Directive in Europe has been E-mail: [email protected] www.bir.org developments in the car recycling revised and the deﬁ nitions for recy- www.icm.ch industries, from a legislative, technical cling quota have been changed. These or association point of view. Among changes and their impact are a major 2-4 April Montichiari (Italy) 26-28 May Dubai them, keynote speakers include Karl- subject to discuss during the different Metalriciclo (United Arab Emirates) Heinz Florenz, Member of the Euro- plant tours on the third day. International metals recycling Middle East Waste Summit 2009 pean Parliament; Andy Wahl, Vice technology exhibition Conference on waste management President of Newell Recycling in the ICM, Edimet / Mrs N. Ghandour and recycling solutions - Turret ME USA and Willy Tomboy of Toyota Phone: +41 62 785 1000, Phone: +39 030 998 1045 Phone: +971 2 444 6011 Motor Europe. Fax: +41 62 785 1005, Fax: +39 030 998 1055 Fax: +971 2 4443987 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] The in-depth presentations will be E-mail: [email protected] www.metalriciclo.com www.wastesummit.com surrounded with a panel discussion www.icm.ch

20-21 April Brussels (Belgium) 26-29 May Moscow (Russia) 8-10 September São Paulo (Brazil) 27-30 October Cologne (Germany) IdentiPlast 2009 Waste Tech-2009 Exposucata Entsorga Enteco ‘09 PlasticsEurope 6h International trade fair on waste South America’s scrap recycling Koelnmesse GmbH Telephone: +32 2 675 32 97 management and environmental industry convention and trade show Phone: +49 221 821 3097 Fax: +32 2 675 39 35 technologies Ecobrasil Editora Fax: +49 221 821 3098 [email protected] Sibico Phone: +55 11 5535 6695 [email protected] www.plasticseurope.org Phone: +7 495 225 59 86 E-mail: [email protected] www.entsorga.com E-mail: [email protected] www.exposucata.com www.waste-tech.ru

26-30 April Las Vegas (USA) 8-11 June Las Vegas (USA) 15-17 September Birmingham (UK) 28-31 October Rimini (Italy) ISRI Convention and Expo 2009 Waste Expo 2009 RWM 2009 Ecomondo Annual convention & scrap recycling Penton Business Media Inc. Recycling and waste management 13th international trade fair of industry exposition Phone: +1 203 358 9900 exhibition material & energy recovery and ISRI Fax: +1 203 358 5816 EMAP sustainable development - Rimini Fiera Phone: +1 202 662 8500 www.wasteexpo.com Phone: +44 20 8277 5540 Phone: +39 0541 744 492 Fax: +1 202 624 9257 www.rwmexhibition.com Fax: +39 0541 744 475 www.isri.org E-mail: a.astolﬁ @riminiﬁ era.it www.ecomondo.com

7-10 May Shenzhen (China) 24-26 June Toronto (Canada) 26-27 October Amsterdam 10-13 November Shanghai (China) 3rd GreenTech Expo EBR 2009 (Netherlands) World Recycling Forum • 09 International exhibition on International electronics & battery BIR Autumn Convention International conference & exhibition environmental solutions recycling congress Bureau of International Recycling on electronics, car & battery recycling Coastal International Exhibition ICM Phone: +32 2 627 5770 ICM Phone: +852 2827 6766 Phone: +41 62 785 1000 Fax: +32 2 627 5773 Phone: +41 62 785 1000 Fax: +852 2827 6870 Fax: +41 62 785 1005 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +41 62 785 1005 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.bir.org E-mail: [email protected] www.coastal.com.hk www.icm.ch www.icm.ch

6 January / february 2009

RI_004 Events.indd 6 20-01-2009 10:01:21 04.02.09 UK ‘MUST CUT’ EMISSIONS BY 80% OFFSHORE WINDFARMS OFFER SOLUTION TO CO² CHALLENGE

READ MORE AT INVESTINYORKSHIRE.COM/SHARE SHARE OUR STRENGTH

RecyclingInternational_040209.indd 1 09/01/2009 12:16 AR_2228.indd 1 16-01-2009 09:22:50 NEWS Insolvency for salt slag recycler

Suffering from high debts, mately, however, the necessary liquidity aluminium salt slag recycler AGOR AG could not be obtained from the banks. of Cologne in Germany has filed for Some weeks ago, AGOR AG informed bankruptcy. Furthermore, company subsidiary ALSA Services Canada - as Chairman Hans Joachim Wünsche has well as the latter’s daughter companies stepped down from his position. ALSA Aluminium Canada Inc. and Recy- According to a statement from AGOR AG, clage d’Aluminium Quebec Inc. - that it the company had required immediate extra intended to sell them. Photovoltaic industry signs funding to cover short-term costs. Ulti- www.agor-ag.com recycling declaration New York governor signs Although it will be another these targets are ambitious. Not least, decade before photovoltaic modules reach we need to ensure the inclusion of all EU plastics recycling bill the end of their useful lives in large num- photovoltaic manufacturers, wholesalers bers, members of the European association and importers. We will only be able to With effect from January 1, many ing to Judith Enck, Mr Paterson’s Deputy PV CYCLE have signed a joint declaration say that solar energy has become truly retailers in New York are being required Secretary for the Environment, statistics committing them to set up a voluntary col- sustainable when the life-cycle of pho- to recycle plastic shopping bags. show that US consumers throw away lection and recycling scheme. tovoltaic modules is closed, allowing Following the signing of a bill by New roughly 100 million bags every year. ‘The Belgium-based PV CYCLE has commit- industrial use of recycled raw materials York Governor David Paterson, large bill signed by Governor Paterson will ted to collect a minimum 65% of pho- necessary to their manufacturing. That grocery outlets and other retailers offer- make it easier for New Yorkers to recycle tovoltaic modules installed in Europe is what we mean by “Making the pho- ing plastic bags to their customers must used plastic bags and encourage greater since 1990 and to recycle 85% of waste. tovoltaic industry DoubleGreen”.’ put out bins for shoppers to deposit used use of reusable bags,’ she says. Its members include manufacturers or Stavros Dimas, European Commissioner bags. The requirement applies to stores In related news, a New York State com- importers of photovoltaic modules rep- for Environment, has welcomed the with more than 10 000 square feet of mittee has drafted 18 new green pro- resenting more than 70% of the Euro- commitment of the photovoltaic industry retail space or to those that are part of curement guidelines relating to printers, pean photovoltaic market. to establishing a voluntary system and a chain with more than five stores, each traffic cones, air-conditioners, and other PV CYCLE’s Managing Director Jan has also recognised the ‘high ambition with more than 5000 square feet of products and services. Specifications Clyncke comments: ‘We recognise that levels’ of its proposals. retail space. cover energy efficiency, recycled content, it brings a great responsibility and that www.pvcycle.com The measure broadly mirrors a recently- toxic chemical reduction and reuse. For enacted law in California as well as ordi- example, traffic cones would need to nances adopted in municipalities across comprise a 50% recycled content with Tax relief for India’s the USA, including New York City. Accord- at least 10% post-consumer content. shipbreakers Bronneberg shears in Ramallah The shipbreaking industry in According to Indian newspaper Business India can now claim significant deduc- Standard, the country’s Income Tax tions from their taxable income. Department rejected an assessee’s claim This follows a ruling by the country’s for deductions on the grounds of being Supreme Court, relating to a case involv- an industrial undertaking, with the ing a major Indian ship dismantler, that department stating that shipbreaking shipbreaking is tantamount to a produc- activity does not produce a new article. tion process and not a recycling process. However, the Supreme Court of India is Following this clarification, the industry of the view that production has a much can seek deductions from gross total wider connotation and includes all by- income of up to 20% of profits and gains products, intermediate products and under Sections 80-I and 80-HH of the residual products that emerge in the Machinery supplier MBH Bronneberg recently delivered three new shears to Ramallah in the Palesti- nian territories. The Sierra and MBH shears were installed at the premises of scrap processor Copsco, Indian Income Tax Act 1961. course of manufacturing. part of the Palestinian Hassouneh Group.

8 January / February 2009

RI_016 NEWS.indd 8 19-01-2009 09:10:14 NEWS For daily free global recycling news, visit

Car scrapping incentives Ben Sacco’s in Germany

In a bid to spur new car sales, The German recyclers’ association BDSV Culture clash the German government has followed has broadly welcomed the initiative but A Greek and an Irishman were sitting in a coffee shop one day discussing the lead of France in introducing a is calling for the vehicles to be recycled who boasted the superior culture. Over triple lattes, the Greek guy says: vehicle scrapping incentive. According domestically. According to the organi- ‘Well, we Greeks built the Parthenon.’ The Irish guy replies: ‘Well, it was to experts, plans agreed by Chancellor sation, the incentive should be paid only the Irish who discovered the summer and winter solstices.’ The Greek Angela Merkel’s coalition to pay premi- on presentation of a certificate from a retorts: ‘We Greeks gave birth to advanced mathematics.’ The Irishman, ums to buyers of new low-emission recognised German dismantling opera- nodding in agreement, says: ‘The Irish were the ones who built the first vehicles have the potential to boost sales tion. timepieces and calendars.’ The debate continues until the Greek comes by 300 000 this year. The initiative in Germany follows a up with what he thinks is a clinching argument. With a flourish, he says: It has been agreed to pay Euro 2500 similar French programme of incentives ‘The Greeks were the ones who invented sex!’ To which the Irishman (US$ 3300) to drivers who buy new, for scrapping older vehicles which, says responds: ‘That’s true, but it was the Irish who introduced it to women.’ environmentally-friendly vehicles this manufacturers PSA Peugeot Citroen Sponsored by year while at the same time scrapping and Renault SA, prompted a 30% an existing vehicle which must be at increase in their December orders. Gov- Sierra International Sierra Europe least nine years old. The average age of ernment incentives include a Euro 1000 Machinery, Inc. Recycling cars in Germany has never been higher (US$ 1385) scrapping reward for the www.sierraintl.com www.sierraeurope.com and currently stands at 8.5 years, accord- owners of old cars who buy new, less- ing to Price Waterhouse. polluting vehicles. Siemens to supply melt Quote ~ Unquote shop to Maxi-Group

German metal technology spe- to the German company, the total value ‘A clear conscience is usually the sign cialist Siemens VAI Metals has signed a of the order exceeds Euro 10 million. of a bad memory.’ contract with a subsidiary of Russia’s The melt shop will be capable of produc- Maxi-Group - namely Kaluzhsky Scien- ing 1.5 million tonnes of liquid steel per tific Industrial Electrometallurgical Plant year. The carbon and alloyed steel grades - covering the supply and installation of will be cast as billets and subsequently Nokia expands recycling a new steelmaking melt shop in Vorsino, rolled at the same site. Input material Kaluzhskaya Oblast, some 120 km south will be 100% scrap which will be programme into India west of Moscow. charged by means of a bucket with a The package from Siemens VAI will volume of 195 m3. In combination with Finnish mobile phone giant Nokia network of recycling vendors worldwide include an electric arc furnace (EAF), a high electrical and chemical energy has launched a take-back programme in who operate in accordance with company secondary metallurgical facilities, de- input, it will be possible to tap 40 heats India. Cell phone users will be encour- standards. Return rates for mobiles are dusting systems and a billet caster, with per day. aged to dispose of their used handsets typically 3-5% for most collection schemes start-up scheduled for 2011. According www.siemens.com and accessories - regardless of brand - at and Nokia says its greatest challenge is to recycling bins located at all Nokia priority raise awareness of the potential to return dealers and Nokia care centres in India. old phones and motivate people to do so. According to D. Shivakumar, Vice President Research shows that nearly 50% of used Shandong Guanzhou and Managing Director of Nokia India, the phones are not returned or even passed company has developed an elaborate recy- on to another user. to build steel mill cling infrastructure comprising more than www.nokia.com 1300 green recycling bins at centres across Chinese steelmaker Shandong Guanzhou Stock has invested in five the country. The initiative will be introduced Guanzhou Joint Stock Company has projects over recent years, including 300 in Delhi and then gradually rolled out in signed an agreement with Beijing Cen- 000 tonnes of galvanising sheet and 600 phases to the rest of India. The company is tral Engineering & Research Incorpora- 000 tonnes of cold rolling sheet capac- working with qualified recyclers around tion of Iron & Steel Industry to build a ity, as well as a natural gas and thermal the world to ensure proper end-of-life steel mill at cost of Yuan 1.1 billion (US$ power plant. Its products have been sold treatment of the used devices. 161 million). The company comments: into more than 20 provinces or cities in Nokia started its take-back initiative in ‘The market will definitely go in favour China, and into other countries such Finland in 2005 and now offers this facil- of the buyers, so the key is to improve Russia and Canada. ity in 85 countries. It has developed a competitiveness.’ www.sdgzgf.com

January / February 2009 9

RI_016 NEWS.indd 9 19-01-2009 09:10:15 AR_2211.indd 1 05-01-2009 10:00:14 NEWS For daily free global recycling news, visit

Coolrec closes UK recycling plant Coolrec UK, part of integrated waste to the global economic situation, according management company Van Gansewinkel to the Dutch parent. Groep, has shut its fridge and cathode Coolrec is active in the recycling of electri- ray tube (CRT) recycling factory at Basil- cal and electronic equipment, especially don in the UK. The plant employed some discarded fridges, CRTs and small domes- 40 people and was acquired by Van Gan- tic appliances. Operating three factories sewinkel in 2005. in the Netherlands, two in Belgium and The decision has been attributed to strong one in France, the Coolrec group employs price competition in the UK recycling mar- a total of 350 people and recycles annu- kets which has significantly diminished ally some 1.3 million fridges and 1.5 mil- company prospects. In addition, prices for lion televisions and monitors. output materials have plummeted owing www.coolrec.com TSC mega-shredder for Hydro cuts German Chinese company A major shredding plant will be According to TISCO’s Vice General Man- aluminium output operational in China by the end of 2009 ager Gao Xiangming, this project will following an agreement between US help the company to improve its produc- Hydro Aluminium, part of maintenance is completed. Meanwhile, machinery manufacturer The Shredder tivity, save energy and protect the envi- Norwegian group Norsk Hydro, has the company’s secondary aluminium Company (TSC) and stainless steel pro- ronment. Each year, TISCO produces opted to reduce aluminium and alu- smelter and rolling mill at Hamburg ducer TISCO. more than 3 million tonnes of stainless minium product output at its German closed for around one and a half weeks In an investment package worth more steel products and more than 8 million operations because of falling demand. longer than normal over the Christmas than US$ 15 million, TSC will supply a tonnes of carbon steel products. Six out of 474 primary production cells period. Its annual capacity is 190 000 10 000 HP 124 SXS shredding plant TSC’s Chief Executive Officer Scott New- are to be taken out of operation at its tonnes. capable of producing 700 000 tonnes ell expressed sincere appreciation to the Neuss plant in central Germany which Hydro’s German operations have expe- per year of special products, including group of TISCO executives present at the boasts an annual capacity of 230 000 rienced a 25% fall in aluminium demand normal shredded steel scrap, shredded signing ceremony for their confidence in tonnes, a company spokesman has told from the automotive industry. According stainless steel sheet, cooling scrap for his company and in the 124 SXS shred- the Reuters news agency. Details of the to the spokesman, German electricity carbon steel and cooling scrap for stain- ding system. impact on output were not given but costs are so high that it makes no sense less steel manufacturing. www.theshredderco.com the spokesman did confirm that more to produce aluminium for inventories cells may be taken out of operation at which the market does not require. Neuss over the coming weeks once www.hydro.com Silver Recycling sells advertisement back subsidiaries

Canadian precious metals recy- granted Silver Recycling the right of first cler Silver Recycling Co. has been forced refusal to match the terms of any offer to sell back its US subsidiaries Pyropure they may receive for the sale of the two Inc. and Sun Valley Film Wash Inc. companies up to May 22. because the company could not meet ‘It is unfortunate that we were unable all of the conditions under the terms of to meet all of the conditions due to the a US$ 2.1 million vendor note from last on-going difficult financial markets,’ May. says Silver Recycling Co.’s President and According to the Vancouver-based com- CEO Don Holmstrom. ‘Due to timing pany, the unnamed vendors have exer- and tax consequences for the vendors, cised their option to reacquire Pyropure they decided to exercise their rights to and Sun Valley in return for their shares buy the subsidiaries back.’ in Silver Recycling. The vendors have www.silver-recycling.com

January / February 2009 11

RI_016 NEWS.indd 11 19-01-2009 09:10:18 SGM Magnetics X-Ray Sorter type XRS

A complete range of equipment to answer every recycling demand.

www.macpresse.com Magnetic ferrous separators, Loc. S. Giuseppe 20080 Vernate - Milano - Italy eddy current separators, metal sensor separators, Tel. +39-02.905.24.20 - Fax +39-02.905.28.93 X-Ray separators and color sorters

P12.indd 1 15-01-2009 17:00:13 NEWS For daily free global recycling news, visit

Recylex suspends zinc production at Goslar

German zinc oxide producer ents generating a decline in volumes Harz-Metall GmbH is temporarily stop- processed and a contraction in demand,’ ping production because of the poor it says. The likely duration of the shut- economic climate, its French parent down is not known, according to a Recylex says. Based in Goslar in central Recylex spokesman. Germany, Harz-Metall produces waelz Meanwhile, the raise of capacity at Chinese government oxides (zinc oxide) by recycling post- another Recylex subsidiary, the Weser production steel residues. Metall lead plant in Germany, from According to Recylex –Europe’s largest around 120 000 tonnes to 135 000 buys aluminium lead recycler- the subsidiary processes tonnes per annum, will get delayed. around 80 000 to 85 000 tonnes of Previously known as Metaleurop, China’s State Reserve Bureau reached 1.6 million tonnes in November steel residues per year to produce zinc Recylex has major recycling operations (SRB) has bought 290 000 tonnes of alu- - 1.4% below their October level but oxide. ‘This measure has been taken as in France, Germany and Belgium, and minium at Yuan 12 300 (US$ 1750) per 9.5% ahead of the same period last year. a result of general market trends, with was planning to open a battery recycling tonne during January - a price some 10% Taking LME stocks into account, the a decrease in steel plant production and plant in Algeria by the end of 2008. higher than the current spot price - in a overall inventory climbed 43% year on partial or full shutdowns by major cli- www.recylex.com bid to buoy a light metal sector squeezed year and topped 3.4 million tonnes. by declining prices and mounting stock- With the spot aluminium price around piles. Some 150 000 tonnes is to be its 1992 level, producers have been bought from the Aluminum Corporation forced to cut output. The London-based of China (Chalco), the country’s largest Commodities Research Unit reckons US collections of PET aluminium smelter, while the remainder more than 3 million tonnes of produc- will come from seven other smelters. tion capacity has been cut globally, on the increase According to the International Aluminum including up to 2.4 million tonnes in Institute, global producer inventories China. In 2007, some 1.396 billion pounds of of PET containers available for recycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles in the USA also grew 5% in 2007 to People were collected in the USA - the highest 5.683 billion pounds thanks primarily to annual volume ever recorded and 10% strong sales of still water, teas, energy * Anton van Genuchten more than was accumulated in 2006. drinks and isotonic beverages. Anton van Genuchten, former CEO of German recycling company TSR, has become According to a report from the National The report also details end uses for the joint owner of Reukema Recycling of Harderwijk in the Netherlands. He steps into Association for PET Container Resourc- record 900 million pounds of recycled the role of CEO, replacing Henry Staal who will continue with the company as Chief es (NAPCOR) and the Association of PET utilised in US manufacturing appli- Financial Officer. Two other former TSR executives - Murat Bayram and Manfred Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers (APR), cations during 2007, including fibre for Rohde - are joining Mr Van Genuchten as senior traders at the Dutch recycling this collection volume contributed to a carpets and clothing, strapping, sheet, company. The new international trading team is completed with the appointment recycling rate of 24.6%, marking the film, food and non-food containers. of Ron Benard - formerly of HKS Metals - as Senior Trader. fourth year of rate increases. The volume www.napcor.com www.reukema.com

* Willem Jan van Amersfoort The European arm of e-scrap recycler Sims Recycling Solutions (SRS) has appointed Willem Jan van Amersfoort as General Manager of SRS’ Benelux operations. He succeeds René Kik who has been promoted to the position of Commercial Director for Europe. Another member of the Benelux management team, Henk Neutkens, will take charge of the company’s R&D operations in his new role as Technical Director of SRS. www.simsrs.com

* Svein Richard Brandtzæg Aluminium producer and processor Norsk Hydro has named Svein Richard Brandtzaeg as its new CEO following the resignation of Eivind Reiten after eight years in the job. Mr Brandtzaeg was formerly Executive Vice President at Hydro with responsibility for the aluminium products business area. www.hydro.com

January / February 2009 13

RI_016 NEWS.indd 13 19-01-2009 09:10:23 AR_1918.indd 1 14-01-2008 12:01:54 NEWS For daily free global recycling news, visit

Business Cronimet sets up * Redeem Plc Mobile phone recycling specialist Redeem Plc is to start an operation in the Estonia joint venture Turkish capital of Istanbul. According to the UK-based company, Redeem Turkey will introduce mobile phone recovery and recycling to the country. The venture The Estonian arm of Germany’s Metall trades mainly in ferrous and non- will target mobile network operators, manufacturers, businesses and consumers. Cronimet Group has formed a joint ven- ferrous metal scrap. Eva Pedjak, for- www.redeemplc.com ture with fellow Estonian scrap process- merly Managing Director of Eesti Metall, ing company Eesti Metall. will retain responsibility for activities in * HSM The new venture - to be known as Estonia. HSM - the German manufacturer of document shredders, baling presses, waste Cronimet Eesti Metall - will provide The new business counts five locations disposal systems and compactors - has responded to strong market growth in Cronimet with an opportunity to expand in Estonia: the headquarters are at Tartu France by setting up a subsidiary in Lyon. Irene Dengler, HSM’s Managing Director its product portfolio; Cronimet Estonia while branch offices can be found at Corporate Companies, comments: ‘We are happy that start-up activities have focuses on raw materials for the Tallin, Jõgeva, Valga and Paldiski. been completed and HSM France SAS can now start active market development.’ stainless steel industry whereas Eesti www.cronimet.com www.hsm.eu

* URRC/Coca-Cola In partnership with South Carolina-based United Resource Recovery Corp., Recycla Chile and RecycleBank Coca-Cola has opened a recycling facility said to be the largest of its type in the world. The plant will produce annually around 100 million pounds of food-grade ‘technology pioneers’ recycled polyethylene terephthalate - equivalent to around 2 billion 20-ounce plastic Coke bottles. Coca-Cola announced the US$ 60 million investment in The World Economic Forum (WEF) September 2007, saying it was part of a long-term company strategy aimed at has selected Chilean e-scrap recycler recycling or reusing 100% of its plastic bottles. Recycla and the US rewards programme www.urrc.net RecycleBank as Technology Pioneers in the field of energy and the environment. With 32 other companies, they were New name for copper giant recognised by the Swiss non-profit foundation for their ‘life-changing technolo- With the on-going integration of of extraordinary value. It is the oldest gies that will have a deep impact on Norddeutsche Affinerie and Cumerio, the metal in the world and has always been business and society’. Fernando Nile, CEO of Recycla Chile. new enlarged company is to be called the cornerstone for progress and civilisa- Recycla is the first Latin American com- Aurubis. ‘The name represents all that tion. This holds true even today: mobile pany to appear on WEF’s list of technol- our dream of improving the world situa- unites us and makes us strong, our com- phones, computers, electricity - nothing ogy companies and was selected for its tion in the area of environmental sustain- mon passion for copper,’ says Bernd would function without copper.’ innovative contribution to the sustainable ability and information technology.’ Drouven, Chief Executive Officer of the The official renaming under German management of electronic waste. The Under the RecycleBank recycling pro- German company. Norddeutsche Affin- commercial law will not take place until company believes its slogan - ‘If you do gramme which currently serves commu- erie AG’s blue triangle logo will not be after the official resolution is passed at not pay for recycling today, our children nities in 15 US states, households earn changed. the company’s annual general meeting will pay in the morning’ - helped to secure rewards for their recycling efforts which ‘Aurubis’ is derived from Latin and means on February 26. Until then, shares will recycling contracts with major brands they can put towards purchases at stores ‘red gold’. Mr Drouven continues: ‘The continue to be listed under the Nord- such as HP, Epson, Canon and IBM. Recy- participating in the scheme. RecycleBank name puts in a nutshell what copper sym- deutsche Affinerie AG name. cla’s founder and CEO Fernando Nile says households have diverted over 60 000 bolises for us and our customers - a metal www.na-ag.com of the recognition: ‘It’s a great boost to tonnes of recyclables to date. The company is also looking to expand its pro- advertisement gramme into the UK The Technology Pioneers 2009 were WORLDWIDE SUPPLIER OF LEVAND STEEL nominated by technology experts from Jan/Feb/08around the world, including venture & SUPPLY capitalists and technology companies, SHREDDER may/juneas well 07 as representatives from academia CORPORATION and the media. These are invited to par- REPLACEMENT Nov/Decticipate 06 in the WEF annual meeting Levand House � 1849 Crestwood Blvd. which takes place at Davos-Klosters in CASTINGS Irondale, AL 35210 Switzerland from January 28 to February 1, as well as in the annual meeting of REDESIGNED PARTS 800-741-7741 the New Champions to be held in Dalian, FOR MAXIMUM 205-956-1111 China, in September this year. fax 205-956-2256 WEAR LIFE AND [email protected] COST EFFICIENCY ESTABLISHED 1934 January / February 2009 15

WORLDWIDE SUPPLIER OF LEVAND STEEL March/April 07 RI_016 NEWS.indd 15SHREDDER & SUPPLY 19-01-2009 09:10:24 Jan/Feb 07 REPLACEMENT CORPORATION N/D 07 CASTINGS Levand House � 1849 Crestwood Blvd. Irondale, AL 35210 � HAMMERS 800-741-7741 � GRATES fax 205-956-2256 � BREAKER BARS [email protected] � REJECT DOORS ESTABLISHED 1934

WORLDWIDE SUPPLIER OF LEVAND STEEL July-August SHREDDER & SUPPLY REPLACEMENT CORPORATION CASTINGS Levand House � 1849 Crestwood Blvd. Irondale, AL 35210 � HAMMERS 800-741-7741 � GRATES fax 205-956-2256 � BREAKER BARS [email protected] � REJECT DOORS ESTABLISHED 1934

WORLDWIDE SUPPLIER OF LEVAND STEEL SHREDDER & SUPPLY REPLACEMENT CORPORATION CASTINGS Levand House � 1849 Crestwood Blvd. Irondale, AL 35210 � HAMMERS 800-741-7741 � GRATES fax 205-956-2256 � BREAKER BARS [email protected] � REJECT DOORS ESTABLISHED 1934 AR_2225.indd 1 13-01-2009 15:16:37 PRODUCTS

Herbold’s small shredder for big tasks Orwak’s big-appetite baler

Plastics recycling equipment man- According to the German manufacturer, A fast-running baler ‘with an ufacturer Herbold Meckesheim possible applications include the pro- appetite for large volumes’ is has developed the compact, sin- cessing of: barrels of up to 220 litres how Swedish company Orwak gle-shaft HR 102 shredder to capacity; purgings, tops and tails occur- describes its 3610 model, which treat bulky hollow bodies. ring during production; and bulky ther- replaces the classic Orwak 3600 In addition to a conventional horizontal moforming waste, large injection mould- cardboard baler. pushing device, it boasts an additional ing parts (such as bumpers) and loose The 3610 is Orwak’s largest and strongest pneumatically-operated pushing device ﬁ lm waste. front-loading baler and yet is ‘soft spoken’ acting from above which positive affects According to Herbold, its shredders are - with a noise level of only 63.9 dB, the the material being seized by the rotor. characterised by low-noise operation manufacturer points out. Features include and, owing to their low-speed function- a generous loading aperture and a high ing, produce few ﬁ nes and little dust. capacity for compaction of large volumes The power input of a shredder is small of waste, Orwak says. Meanwhile, its cycle compared to that of a large granulator time is 33 seconds - or 20% shorter than opens automatically after each since the power required by the former that of its predecessor. completed cycle and the baler is immedi- is generated by torque and not by cen- With a press force of 50 tonnes, the Orwak ately ready to be fed with more material. trifugal mass, it contends. 3610 produces commercial bales weighing up to 550 kg. The bales can either be Orwak AB, Sävsjö, Sweden, Herbold Meckesheim GmbH, secured by polyester straps or by steel wire. Phone: +46 382 157 00, Meckesheim, Germany, The baler is equipped with an auto-start Fax: +46 382 106 07, Phone: +49 6226 932 0, function that allows compaction to begin E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +49 6226 932 495, as soon as the door closes. The sliding door www.orwak.se E-mail: [email protected] www.herbold.com

US Shredder launches new shredder line

The US Shredder and Castings initially in the USA although US Shred- Group has introduced its new der and Castings Group already has Shredder Product line for auto- plans in train for production in Europe. mobile and scrap processing The company’s President Bill Tigner com- applications. ments: ‘These are heavy-duty shredders A team consisting of operators, engi- built for the toughest applications. While neers and manufacturing consultants other shredder providers over the last Magnet rotator from North Shore prioritised three design criteria for the several years have tried to keep their new shredders: throughput, durability prices lower by reducing the steel and Attachments specialist North electric swivel manifold for extreme duty and ease of maintenance. The three weight of their shredders, we focused Shore Manufacturing has released cycles. Furthermore, the base plate of models developed to date - the 80104, on a more efﬁ cient manufacturing pro- its Builtrite MR 360° Magnet Rota- the rotator is made from high-strength 98104 and 120118 - are capable of run- cess. This allows us to build the most tor which enables scrap handlers steel for durability. ning all types of rotor. durable shredder available with pricing to pick and place their scrap load Available to suit all sizes of magnet, the The shredders will be manufactured competitive with those lighter models.’ with precision while using its new rotator will be built at the compa- The shredder product line will be incor- magnet. ny’s expanded facility in Two Harbors porated with US Shredder’s heavy-duty The new device is especially useful when which now incorporates a painting facil- downstream separation and cleaning handling longer objects such pipes, ity, a new assembly area and additional process, shredder controls and water beams, railroad rails, bales and car bod- room for CNC machining centres. The injection systems supplied to the recy- ies, according to the US company. company also plans to add robotic weld- cling industry over recent years. Key features include 360 deg continuous ing centres. rotation on a 20-foot (508 mm) internal The US Shredder and Castings Group, tooth slewing ring bearing and dual North Shore Manufacturing, Trussville, Alabama, USA, hydraulic motors; a fabricated head and Two Harbors, Minnesota, USA, Phone: +1 205 999 7670, base assembly with pin lock; a magnet- Phone: +1 218 834 5555, Fax: +1 866 354 2754, to-rotator mounting using three sliding Fax: +1 218 834 5556, E-mail: [email protected] T-bars to allow precise contact with the E-Mail: [email protected] www.usshredder.com material; and a heavy-duty, two-pass www.builtritehandlers.com

January / february 2009 17

RI_005 Product News.indd 17 19-01-2009 09:07:14 EU LEGISLATION By Ian Martin

Revision of the EU’s Waste Framework Directive Turning point for recyclers in ‘waste’ debate For Europe’s recycling industry, it is being hailed as the most important piece of legislation in more than 30 years. The EU Waste Framework Directive was formally adopted by the Council of Ministers in October last year, but what is likely to be its practical impact? Recycling International spoke to three experts - from the European Parliament, the European Commission and the BIR world recycling organisation - to gauge their opinions on the content and importance of the revision.

his year may hold little promise for recy- Balanced package Tclers from the trading perspective but, from This is ‘a pretty balanced package’, agrees the legislative standpoint, 2009 could well prove Dr Caroline Jackson MEP, Rapporteur of the to be one of the most positive in the modern European Parliament’s Committee on the Envi- history of the European recycling industry. ronment, Public Health and Food Safety. As the Although the EU’s Waste Framework Directive leader of the WFD revision process in the Par- (WFD) was formally adopted towards the end liament, she applauds as ‘very desirable’ the fact of 2008, much of the detail associated with this that the aforementioned hierarchy has become ground-breaking legislation will be fl eshed out enshrined for the fi rst time ever in a legal text during the course of the current year. and that ‘it builds in recycling as a very impor- The revision is expected to boost the recycling tant partner of waste management that cannot industry in two key regards: fi rstly, it provides be neglected’. To apply as a priority order in offi cial recognition of the vital role of recycling waste prevention and management legislation in the waste management hierarchy; and sec- and policy, the hierarchy places recycling ondly, it offers the prospect of clarifying the behind prevention and preparation for reuse, precise point at which a material designated as but ahead of other forms of recovery - such as ‘waste’ ceases to be a waste and therefore attains energy recovery - and disposal. product status. According to the BIR world recy- In common with Mr Bartley, Dr Jackson cred- cling organisation’s Environmental & Technical its the WFD revision with devising improved Director Ross Bartley, the new WFD also encap- and clearer defi nitions of key concepts. For sulates our modern understanding of how Euro- example, ‘recycling’ is defi ned as any recovery peans should manage materials sustainably and operation by which waste materials are reproc- offers much greater legal clarity in its defi nitions essed into products, materials or substances of, for example, ‘recovery’ and ‘recycling’. whether for the original or other purposes. It The revision represents ‘a much-needed improve- includes the reprocessing of organic material ment’ on its predecessor in that it is ‘modernised, but does not include energy recovery and the simplifi ed and easier to understand’, he contin- reprocessing into materials that are to be used ues. It should be considered ‘a good compromise’ as fuels or for backfi lling operations. given the limited legislative time and the com- Meanwhile, Andreas Versmann from Unit G.4 - plexity that could have been added into it. Sustainable Production and Consumption of the

18 January / February 2009

RI_035 EU waste.indd 18 19-01-2009 17:03:16 Revision of the EU’s Waste Framework Directive Turning point for recyclers in ‘waste’ debate

those waste management procedures where we While emphasising that the criteria must ensure have waste-related risks,’ he states. a material leaves the realms of ‘waste’ in a safe Mr Versmann says the process of formulating form, Dr Jackson adds: ‘It’s got to be good for these criteria for specific materials is being the recycling industry if (its materials) can enter treated ‘as a high priority’. A study has already the market as a product.’ been conducted into the methodology for cre- ating criteria, and the feasibility of this meth- Targetting 50% recycling rate odology has been tested for aggregates, metal The WFD revision also identiﬁ es new recycling

End-of-waste: processed aluminium scrap for classifi cation as product. and compost. ‘We want to discuss the method- targets including, by 2020, the preparation for ology with the Member States in March (this reuse and recycling of a minimum 50% by weight European Commission’s DG Environment says year),’ he explains. If approval is forthcoming of at least paper, metal, plastic and glass from the revision constitutes ‘a modernised framework for this approach, he expects to see end-of- households, and possibly other origins as far as for waste policies’ and ‘a keystone’ in the building waste criteria begin to emerge for certain mate- these waste streams are similar to waste from of a Recycling Society. ‘It clearly draws a line rials by the end of 2009 at the earliest. households - a description which Dr Jackson between recycling and energy recovery and back- takes to refer to commercial waste. Also by 2020, fi lling, and contains more tools to support recy- ‘Recycling will stay a minimum 70% by weight of non-hazardous cling including a legally-binding waste hierarchy construction and demolition waste will be which was not the case with the old directive’. on the agenda in required to be recycled. According to Mr Versmann, the WFD is linked Dr Jackson welcomes the fact that the fi nal revi- to the concept of life-cycle thinking, sustainabil- many ways.’ sion document features ‘very clear’ quantitative ity and the decoupling of economic growth from Outline conditions for these criteria are: exist- targets as well as a specifi c deadline for achiev- waste generation and environmental impact. ing use for specifi c purposes; evidence of mar- ing them. She considers it ‘odd’ that ‘the Coun- ‘Recycling is very important in this,’ he notes. ket or demand; compliance with existing legal cil of Ministers didn’t want recycling targets at and technical requirements; and no adverse all’ given that the Commission’s 2005 Themat- End-of-waste status health or environmental impacts. The Euro- ic Strategy on Waste Prevention and Recycling As mentioned above, Article 6 of the WFD revi- pean Parliament has put a priority tag on the was pushing towards a Recycling Society. This sion answers a long-cherished desire within the consideration of end-of-waste specifi c criteria reluctance led to ‘tough negotiations’ between recycling industry for a legal pathway to deter- at least for aggregates, paper, glass, metal, com- the European Parliament and the Council of mine when a material designated as ‘waste’ post, tyres and textiles. Ministers as the latter considered the 50% tar- ceases to be a waste. While recyclers are pre- get to be ‘far too high’. pared to accept strict waste controls on materi- Concept revived Dr Jackson believes the 50% target will provide als entering their processes, ‘they want what According to Dr Jackson, the notion of ‘an end further impetus for recycling. At the same time, exits their processes - materials that they have of waste’ had been included by the European she hopes the recent slow-down in Chinese sorted and as necessary cleaned and processed Commission in its initial proposals but this was consumption will spark further development and so added value to - to be reclassifi ed as a subsequently removed product,’ observes Mr Bartley. by the Council of Min- The next stage of this process - and one eager- isters. However, the ly awaited by the recycling industry - involves concept was revived by the European Commission setting out criteria MEPs and the Parlia- whereby certain processed wastes and scrap ment will now look to cease to fall under the definition of ‘waste’. apply pressure on the According to Mr Versmann, the aim of these Commission to ensure ‘end-of-waste’ criteria will be to provide ‘legal the process of setting certainty’ and to help the recycling markets end-of-waste criteria Dr Caroline Jackson MEP, Andreas Versmann of the EU Ross Bartley, BIR Environmental develop. ‘We want to reduce unnecessary takes place within a Rapporteur for the Waste Frame- Commission’s DG Environment: & Technical Director: ‘The revision administrative burdens for the recycling indus- reasonable timescale, work Directive revision: ‘I hope ‘The revised Waste Framework of the Waste Framework Directive that punitive action will be Directive is a keystone in the is a collaborative effort and a try by restricting the scope of legislation to she explains. taken where appropriate.’ building of a Recycling Society.’ good compromise.’

January / February 2009 19

RI_035 EU waste.indd 19 19-01-2009 09:19:48 Anzeige_AlphaCutter_1/1_E.qxd:az_mewa_qz_1_1_E.qxd 15.01.2009 8:54 Uhr Seite 1

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AR_2234.indd 1 15-01-2009 13:57:20 EU LEGISLATION

material with different properties’ - a proviso A need emerged for a clear legal distinction to which, according to Dr Jackson, leaves the door be made between these different operations - open for co-mingled collections. ‘not least in order to provide a foundation for sustainable development and for delivering the More measures necessary EU’s Recycling Society’, he argues. On this same point, Mr Versmann confi rms that In 1999, a BIR-hosted workshop on ‘When waste separate collection ‘is not a strict requirement’ ceases to be waste’ proved to be a turning point within the WFD revision, although experience in promoting the need for more recycling-ori- suggests ‘high-quality recycling requires sepa- entated legislation. Inspired by BIR’s President rate collection’. This links to the end-of-waste at that time Tony Bird OBE, the event featured debate, he adds, since the above-mentioned contributions from experts within the European specifi c criteria ‘will set quality criteria for recy- Commission, the OECD and the United Nations’ End-of-waste: shredded ferrous scrap for classifi cation as product. clables’ based on European quality standards. Basel Convention Secretariat. ‘Recyclers have of outlets for recyclables in domestic markets. According to BIR’s Ross Bartley, the revision’s kept in close touch with those institutions over The targets ‘support recycling’, agrees Mr Vers- clear encouragement of separate collection ‘will the last 10 years to encourage the now-achieved mann at the European Commission. Figures improve the quality of certain collected recy- legislative changes,’ explains Mr Bartley. from the EU Member States highlight ‘big dis- clables such as textiles, paper and glass’. crepancies’ in recycling performance, with Mr Versmann underlines that approval of the Collaborative effort some countries ‘very advanced’ and others with WFD revision is one step in an on-going pro- Mr Bartley continues: ‘Change was obtained landfi ll still accounting for more than 90% of recycling process. Recycling will ‘stay on the because of the representations made by recy- their waste. The aim is to move Member States agenda’ in many ways, he says, such as through clers themselves and by their national associa- ‘up the waste hierarchy’ by setting targets that the debate on exact calculation methods with tions to their own governments, as well as by will be ‘challenging’ for some of them. Still to regard to the recycling targets as well as the international federations to the European Par- be established are ‘exact calculation methods’ 2014 review of those targets. liament and the European Commission. The for the purposes of the targets; these will be revision of the Waste Framework Directive is fi nalised ‘before 2010’, he suggests. therefore a collaborative effort and a good com- ’Recycling is a very promise that should now be supported fully by Punitive action possible important partner of all across the EU.’ It is possible penalties will be imposed on Mem- He adds: ‘Many stakeholders wanted much ber States for non-implementation on time, waste management.’ more detail included in each part of the direc- incorrect implementation or not meeting the tive, but this was impractical for the Parliament. recycling targets in time. Dr Jackson expresses The European Commission official also Therefore, much of the follow-up detail has the hope that punitive action will be taken acknowledges that ‘other measures are neces- been left to committees to decide. This so-called where appropriate, claiming that the European sary’ to help develop a true Recycling Society. comitology process is practical despite being Commission often persists with ‘gentle persua- He notes by way of example the need to encour- less obviously democratic.’ sion’ for too long before considering court age both eco-design and the increased use of In the fi nal reckoning, says Mr Bartley, the key to action against non-compliant Member States. recycled material in new products. an EU-wide Recycling Society is how evenly each The targets are legally binding and so absence Member State transposes and implements both of appropriate measures to achieve them could Reward for industry’s efforts this framework and its related, daughter direc- ultimately result in a Member State being taken The EU Waste Framework Directive dates back tives. He states: ‘Because of the poor history of EU to court, but this is a last resort that the Com- more than 30 years. However, according to legislative implementation and enforcement mission hopes to avoid through monitoring BIR’s Environmental & Technical Director Ross across the EU, there is concern that Member State progress, according to Mr Versmann. In 2014, Bartley, it took some time for recyclers to real- priorities and emphasis on this revised Waste the Commission will review the recycling tar- ise that their fi nal products - materials they had Framework Directive will differ too much.’ gets to see whether any amendment would be received/collected, sorted and processed - were necessary or benefi cial, he adds. entangled in waste legislation. The WFD revision also calls on Member States ‘The revision of the Waste Framework Directive to ‘take measures to promote high-quality recy- in 1991 and subsequently a number of far- cling’ and for separate collection to be set up at reaching European Court of Justice cases least for paper, metal, plastic and glass by the brought the message home to recyclers that year 2015. However, it also states that ‘waste what they were doing in bringing materials back shall be collected separately if technically, envi- into the economic cycle - and so adding value ronmentally and economically practicable and to them - was much different from companies End-of-waste: sorted and or processed copper scrap for classifi cation shall not be mixed with other waste and other that were paid to landfi ll or incinerate waste.’ as product

January / February 2009 21

RI_035 EU waste.indd 21 19-01-2009 17:03:26 METALS IN CHINA By Adam Minter

A woman sorts through motor parts for sale at the daily morning market at Huadong Nonferrous Metals City. Motors are one of the most common types of scrap purchased and processed in Linyi. SCRAP

Twenty years ago around Linyi, apparently ‘nobody wanted to marry a scrap man’. Now, the recycling industry earns wide respect in the region; indeed, there are plans afoot to turn Linyi into the domestic scrap recycling capital of China. Already, Huadong Nonferrous Metals City near Linyi is easily China’s largest market for domestically-generated scrap. Furthermore, China’s national leaders regard it as a model of how the growing domestic recycling trade should operate. Also in this article, there is an insight into Zhangjiagang, Linyi’s ferrous counterpart.

22 January / February 2009

RI_009 Metals in China.indd 22 19-01-2009 12:26:40 ust before daybreak, small blue trucks begin Jto arrive at the gates of Huadong Nonferrous Metals City near Linyi in the northern Chinese province of Shandong. They carry loads of radiators, motors and other combinations of scrap metal and plastic that are harder to distin- guish in the near-darkness. The guards don’t care about the contents; they just check to make sure the trucks are licensed to be there, and then they wave them into a wide-open area divided by a crossroads. In the distance, on two sides of the opening, two-storey warehouses extend in all visible directions. The arriving trucks take their places alongside trucks that arrived earlier - some as early as mid- night, I’m told. Shadowy fi gures emerge from the warehouses - some on foot, some riding motorised three-wheel carts with hoppers on the back. Here and there, a few slower fi gures push scales that rat- Fengli can process up to 500 metric tonnes of scrap daily. In 2008, the company produced some about 600 000 tonnes of high-quality prepared tle along the concrete. By the time the fi rst hint of scrap for steel mills in China and elsewhere. sun turns the Shandong sky to a dusky orange, the trickle of arriving trucks becomes a rush, and Making good money at Huadong, and although the park has security within 10 minutes motorcycles, three-wheelers and The streets that cross the Huadong market area and police, the best enforcement comes from the piles of non-ferrous scrap of every conceivable lead to warehouses and stalls where workers other traders. ‘They don’t let anybody do any- variety are jamming the wide boulevards of Hua- store and process most of the scrap. As we walk thing that they can’t do,’ chuckles Mr Liu. ‘That dong Nonferrous Metals City. through them, we pass numerous bank branch keeps things honest.’ As sellers unload onto the pavement, buyers weave offi ces (‘The traders make good money!’ says Mr What also keeps things honest is what’s next through the material, making offers and taking Liu), a post office (‘They often need to wire door: the headquarters and furnaces of Jinsheng notes. In 2007, Huadong money!’ he explains), and Copper, China’s largest privately-held copper scrap companies purchased a police station (‘They manufacturer. Last year, Jinsheng purchased and processed more than 1 ‘ Linyi will soon only intervene in a fight 300 000 tonnes of copper scrap from Huadong’s million tonnes of non-fer- among traders!’ he laughs). 800 dismantlers, and it would have purchased rous metal, and the numbers be the domestic Behind one warehouse, we more if the material had been available. What for 2008 should be even big- see rows of stalls packed the traders don’t sell to Jinsheng they tend to sell ger. According to the mar- scrap recycling with every conceivable to scrap consumers in the nearby provinces of ket’s manager Mr Liu, 30 000 variety of electric motor, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, both of which house thriv- to 40 000 vendors are quali- capital of China.’ many tens of thousands of ing secondary metal industries. ‘We do the col- fi ed to sell here. They come them, all domestically gen- lecting and processing here,’ Mr Liu explains, from all over northern and western China to sell erated. Many of the stalls have dogs - some ‘and they do the utilisation. But soon we will do to the roughly 800 scrap processors and disman- rather large and fi erce-looking - tethered to large utilisation too.’ tlers who rent 968-square-foot processing stalls hunks of scrap. at Huadong Nonferrous Metals City. Founded in The warehouses in the next row, and the space 2005 with the support of the local government behind them, contain stalls fi lled with electri -cal and operated by privately-held Jinsheng Copper, transformers. A lean worker shoves a nozzle into it is by far China’s largest and most important the top of a transformer he has just purchased market for domestically-generated scrap recycla- and drains the oils into a large plastic fuel con- bles. And by virtue of its careful organisation, tainer. A fl uids recycler in the Linyi area buys and Beijing regulation and scale, it’s a model for how China’s processes the oil, Mr Liu says. As for the trans- national leaders hope the growing domestic recy- former itself, workers will cut it apart and disas- Linyi cling trade will operate. semble it in the stall area. Burning is prohibited

Zhangjiagang

Shanghai China

January / February 2009 23

Hong Kong

RI_009 Metals in China.indd 23 20-01-2009 10:06:28 AR_2201.indd 1 26-11-2008 12:17:32 METALS IN CHINA

Scrap recycling capital In fact, if all goes according to plan, Linyi - with the support of Jinsheng and local and national governments - soon will be the domestic scrap recycling capital of China. Linyi’s thriving scrap industry dates back to the late 1970s. Located in the south of Shandong Province, roughly a one-hour ﬂ ight north west of Shanghai, this was historically a poor agricultural region with little industry. During the ﬁ rst hint of the reform and ‘opening-up’ that has transformed the domestic economy, Linyi’s locals quickly seized the opportunities of the new China and went into the only business available in a then-remote part of the country: scrap. ‘Nobody made them do this - I did it too,’ recalls Wang Jinglian, the founder and President of Jinsheng Copper, sitting in a conference room

that overlooks the building housing his Thys- Small trucks carrying loads of radiators, motors and other scrap metal and plastic arrive at the gates of Huadong Nonferrous Metals City near Linyi. senKrupp copper production line. ‘I had a bicycle and I collected steel.’ standing entrepreneurs in the scrap recycling with its licensing requirements, its central admin- The scrap business in Linyi developed rapidly industry, in part because of his willingness to take istration and its informal neighbour-to-neighbour and, by the early 1990s, its large and informal on the responsibility of operating Huadong Non- enforcement, has done much to fi x these problems, scrap market was devoted entirely to the process- ferrous Metals City. He remains one of the most although Mr Wang admits that things ‘are not yet ing of any domestically-generated metal ped- respected and liked scrap processors in China. And perfect’. When I ask him for lessons he’s learned in dlers could transport and profi tably sell there. unlike so many of his scrap trading contemporar- running Huadong, he extols the benefi ts of bring- As Linyi’s trade increased, so did the prices, as ies, neither Mr Wang nor his company have been ing small dealers together into a centralised area did the distances people travelled to sell to its connected to the contract crisis that has roiled the ‘under the same ideals’. traders. industry since September 2008. Mr Wang established Jinsheng in 1993. In 1998 at Mr Wang admits that, before Huadong, Linyi’s Growth on the horizon the age of just 36, he constructed its current facil- small-scale domestic scrap market was a sprawling, Mr Wang and Jinsheng will take these lessons ity; and in 2005, Huadong Nonferrous Metals City disorganised mass of small, unlicensed businesses, to heart as they move into the advanced plan- was established right next door. In 2007, the many of which openly fl outed tax and environ- ning stages of a second recycling park on the CMRA named Mr Wang one of China’s 10 out- mental regulations. The establishment of Huadong, outskirts of Linyi’s rapidly-developing Nanfang

China’s domestic recycling is growing The growth of China’s domestic recycling is real, rous scrap far exceeded the import volumes during purchase and upgrade consumer goods - espe- according to Chinese offi cials. At the November the same period although, notably, copper collec- cially electronic ones - before they wear out on 2008 Recycling Metals International Forum, the tion did not. the basis of desire more than need. Furthermore, Chinese Nonferrous Metals Industry Association As impressive as this growth might seem, future consumers, business and government are togeth- Recycling Metal Branch (CMRA) distributed fi gures growth will assuredly be much, much greater. After er spurring a Chinese construction industry that, indicating that scrap collection had increased all, China’s economic development is still rela- in its pursuit of newer and better buildings, is in significantly from 2002 to 2006. Specifically, tively young and its population’s mass consump- turn spurring the growth of the demolition busi- CMRA reported that aluminium collection had tion of goods that they might eventually recycle ness and, by extension, a massive new source of grown from 1.3 million tonnes to 2.35 million; - everything from washing machines to cars - is structural ferrous scrap. copper from 290 000 tonnes to 680 000 tonnes; just beginning. The fi rst large wave of modern The recent collapse in global scrap prices might and scrap lead from 170 000 tonnes to 390 000 Chinese consumer acquisition took place in the also provide an unexpected spur to China’s tonnes. Domestic ferrous scrap growth had been mid- to late-1980s, and many of those products domestic efforts. Lower scrap prices, some specu- equally strong, with overall scrap collection rising - particularly appliances - are at the end of their late, will render imports less attractive and profi t- 3.4% to 38.1 million tonnes between 2005 and useful lives and are ready to be recycled. At the able, forcing Chinese scrap entrepreneurs to look 2006, according to a speech given by Yan Qiping same time, members of China’s middle class, par- for more, better and effi cient means of capturing of the China Association of Metalscrap Utilization. ticularly on its affl uent east coast, have achieved China’s growing domestic waste stream. Dropping In fact, domestic collection of aluminium and fer- levels of disposable income that allow them to prices might only increase the demand.

January / February 2009 25

RI_009 Metals in China.indd 25 20-01-2009 10:07:10 AG

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AR_2212.indd 1 05-01-2009 09:28:25 METALS IN CHINA

Ferrous future If Linyi represents the future of domestically- generated non-ferrous scrap, then Zhangjiagang is its ferrous counterpart. Two hours north of Shanghai, on the banks of the Yangtze River, the Fengli Group maintains what is almost certainly the world’s largest inventory of ferrous scrap. ‘Two hundred thousand tonnes,’ says Charlie Li, a representative of the company’s foreign trade office, as he leads me through the gate to the sprawling ferrous yard. Ahead of us, in long rows that reach hundreds of metres to the river, piles of ferrous await processing and shipping. Though little-known outside of China, Fengli has long been the country’s leading ferrous scrap buyer and processor - and it has largely focused A young scrap trader weighs a purchase that workers will transport to a processing shed at the far end of the compound. its buying and processing on China’s domestic New Area. As we ride out to the site in a com- Thus, in the near term, China’s most important markets. The company estimates that 65% of the pany van, Mr Wang points out that, in addition domestic recycler is planning to become metal in its ferrous yard is generated domesti- to its long-standing ties to the trade, Linyi’s - instantly - a major importer. cally, and it expects that proportion to grow. extensive network of rail links and newly-built In early 2008, the company began operating a roads make it an ideal location for China’s Full of scrap 10 000 HP shredder in nearby Xuzhou that it domestic dismantlers. ‘My ambition is to make Long term, however, the company sees its future projects will produce roughly 400 000 tonnes this the base for domestic non-ferrous scrap in domestic scrap, and so do the current occu- of high-quality shred in its first year. Mean- recycling in China,’ he tells me. pants of the land at this crossroads. On the cor- while, the Zhangjiagang yard will generate more Outside of the van windows, a new city is rising ner of the property Mr Wang says is destined for than 600 000 tonnes of high-quality prepared out of the farm ﬁ elds. I count 31 construction imported scrap, several small sheds are fronted scrap, mostly received from an informal net- cranes on the horizon when by a sign advertising scrap work of dealers, peddlers and smaller yards that we stop at an intersection. We purchases and disman- choose to sell to Fengli based upon its good speed to the outskirts of ‘Twenty years tling. ‘Linyi is full of scrap,’ reputation and reliability. town, past a new convention one of Mr Wang’s staff centre, bus station and a ago, nobody members explains. So is monumental municipal China. How long until headquarters. Along the way, wanted to marry that scrap enters the a Jinsheng worker points out country’s still relatively a new set of high-rise build- a scrap man.’ rudimentary domestic ings and tells me that many recycling system remains of the Huadong traders have moved into them. a question. Despite a large and growing middle Later, Wang Jinglian, who takes obvious pride in class, China remains a poor country, and reuse

the rising fortunes of his industry and its entre- and repair - rather than disposal - will continue Workers at Fengli use alligator shears to process the mostly unproces- preneurs, laughs as he tells me that, 20 years ago, to limit the amount of scrap ﬂ owing into Hua- sed scrap the company purchases from dealers throughout China and, to a lesser extent, abroad. ‘nobody wanted to marry a scrap man’. dong for years to come. We arrive at a desolate agricultural crossroads The sheer size of China’s population and middle swept by winds but otherwise silent. Mr Wang class guarantees even that limited volume is points to the four blocks of land surrounding the huge, and it’s a volume that does not have to intersection. The construction will be staged, he arrive in containers from overseas. ‘Domestic explains, but when complete he expects the park scrap is cheaper,’ Mr Wang explains. ‘And it is to process more than 300 000 tonnes of copper easier to control the quality when you buy it.’ annually. Of that, 150 000 tonnes will be sourced For now, there simply isn’t enough available domestically; the other 150 000 tonnes - all low- domestically. So long as China’s growing ranks grade materials - will be imported. ‘Domestic of middle-class consumers continue to increase Although metal traders have access to testing labs at Huadong, many scrap is growing rapidly, but Jinsheng’s expansion their spending power, the demand for non- of them prefer simple, low-tech tests such as the one this trader uses requires more than we can get domestically,’ ferrous metal is likely to outpace the supply of to determine whether a spoon is stainless steel. He applies a 9-volt current to a drop of acid on the metal. The acid turns red if nickel is Mr Wang explains. ‘So we will import.’ domestic scrap for years, if not decades. not present.

January / February 2009 27

RI_009 Metals in China.indd 27 19-01-2009 12:27:39 C

CMY

P28.indd 1 15-01-2009 16:56:43 METALS IN CHINA

But while once regarded as a strength, Fengli’s Whether or not such a system works is diffi cult massive inventory is widely known to have to judge; regardless, it undoubtedly will expand become a fi nancial burden to the company. In to other parts of China. But with China’s ferrous some cases, it has lost in excess of 80% on the scrap imports either stagnating or shrinking over value of some scrap purchased before the mar- recent years, Fengli and Chinese policy-makers ket crash, and rumours abound that its vaunt- are starting to look more seriously at how to ed reliability and good reputation have suffered exploit domestic scrap. as a result. Fengli’s new US-made shredder sits on the border of four major provinces, each with thriving con- Key location struction and demolition businesses capable of Privately held since its formation in 1983, Fengli feeding Fengli’s 10 000 HP beast with a near- operates four scrap yards in Hong Kong in addi- bottomless supply of structural steel. At the con- tion to its massive 1900-acre headquarters in sumer end, Fengli is within trucking distance of Zhangjiagang. The location is key: Zhangjiagang Shagang Steel, China’s largest privately-held steel is within trucking distance of Shanghai and company which consumes 40% of Zhangjiagang’s the ‘Su Nan’ industrial corridor that stretches output. In the other direction, China’s largest north from Suzhou to Wuxi. Fengli is the exclu- steelmaker Bao Steel - another major Fengli con- sive ferrous scrap importer for thriving Jiangsu sumer - is a two-hour fl oat from Fengli’s docks. Province; other local ferrous scrap buyers must However, close proximity does not always guar- buy from it. In principle, at least, this consoli- antee a market - especially in China where high dated purchasing arrangement lowers the price electricity costs and low coal costs have been of imported scrap, and for years China’s indus- driving down the proportion of Chinese steel trial policy-makers have expressed their desire made in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) from scrap. to develop a nationwide consolidated import As a result, Fengli has long been a scrap export- system based upon this model. er, sending large quantities of processed steel scrap to Taiwan. In 2008, the company targeted Vietnam and its few but rapidly growing ferrous scrap consumers as potential buyers for its new The Fengli group’s strategic location on the Yangtze River gives it stream of shredded scrap. convenient and cheap access to some of China’s largest steel mills and scrap producers.

Simple methods and onto international markets where its product In Zhangjiagang, Fengli remains open to will compete with scrap from Japan, Europe and importing scrap. It prefers to import low grades the USA in South East Asia. of ferrous akin to those the country generates Indeed, this role as Chinese ferrous scrap exporter domestically. ‘We have the resources and labour might be the company’s most important and to process the material - No 1 doesn’t make forward-looking one. How long it remains the Scrap traders from northern and western China travel hundreds of sense for us,’ says Mr Li. Indeed, in China, the premier, if not the only Chinese export player, miles to to participate in the daily morning market at Huadong Non- ferrous Metals City. only true market for prepared scrap is a steel might well determine the mill, and scrap yards like Fengli are geared next major shift in the towards doing the preparation. dynamics of the interna- At Fengli, the methods are simple. In the Zhangjia- tional ferrous scrap trade. gang yard, its workers process 5000 tonnes of low- For now, it remains the quality, domestically-generated, unprepared steel dominant player in a on a daily basis using 80 alligator-style shears lined domestic Chinese ferrous up in a row. The transformation is startling: on one market that - so long as side of the shears are rusty, dirty piles of scrap; on EAF capacity remains the other side is some of the cleanest prepared steel stagnant - has matured Wang Jinglian, the founder and scrap in all of Asia. President of Jinsheng Copper early. With a collection network that stretches across some of China’s wealthiest and most industrially- Adam Minter is a journalist based in Shanghai, active regions, the Fengli Group is likely to remain where he writes about business an culture in China’s domestic ferrous leader for the foreseeable China for U.S. and European publications. He also future. There’s a good chance that the company’s maintains a weblog: Workers breaking up motors at the Fengli facility in Zhangjiagang. ferrous growth will soon ﬁ nd its way out of China www.shanghaiscrap.com

January / February 2009 29

RI_009 Metals in China.indd 29 20-01-2009 10:24:40 exhibition Pollutec: manufacturers fear ‘wait-and-see’ attitude

With the downturn in the world economy severely affecting the recycling industry, the question of whether machinery manufacturers would be the next to be hit was a key subject of discussion at the latest Pollutec exhibition, held in December in the French city of Lyon. But amid all the gloominess, there were positive developments at this major

machinery show. By Gert van der Have

he annual Pollutec exhibition is not only an In general, exhibitors were satisfied with visitor the USA, ‘and I don’t see any glance currently Tenvironmental trade show but also a true numbers given the turbulent market situation, toward the far future.’ Laurent Zentch, who rep- French experience. Strolling around the booths, but the recycling area was obviously quieter than resents fellow US equipment manufacturer Har- the visitor is treated to a fine combination of in previous years. Furthermore, the water and ris Waste Management in France, agreed with glasses of wine, plates full of exclusive local deli- energy markets assumed a more dominant posi- Mr Ross. ‘Because we are based in the USA, the cacies and beautiful aromas which whet the tion at this Pollutec show when compared to its currency fluctuations have hurt us,’ he stated. ‘It appetite for the machinery and other new prod- predecessors. was very beneficial for customers to buy equip- ucts on display. But despite these culinary attrac- ment in the USA when the dollar was at an all- tions, there was evidence of the uncertainty of Less comfortable time low; at this moment, however, the dollar is the market outlook. The market situation was the talk of the Pollutec much higher valued.’ Unexpectedly, the Pollutec exhibition - which was show but many recycling machinery manufactur- There were no complaints from Lynne Germany organised by Reed Elsevier - succeeded in attract- ers still claimed to be performing very well. With of Akros-Henschel who claimed the company’s ing a record number of visitors to the Euroexpo their order books quite full, many said they have facilities at Kassel in Germany and Chambéry in in Lyon. Compared to Pollutec 2006 when the enough work for 2009 although they are less com- France are currently working at full tilt to supply show was last held in Lyon, there was an attend- fortable about the prospects for the period after their customers. Recently, the company delivered ance increase of 9.3% to 73 668, of whom 8422 that. With the plummeting prices of recent shears to the TMK Group in Russia, a country were from outside France. ‘However,’ said a sales months, it is widely recognised that recycling in which the firm enjoys a strong recycling manager for a large German machinery manu- companies have begun to fear for the future. machinery presence. facturer, ‘most of them are not really looking for ‘Currently everybody is holding back,’ said Rus- Liebherr - which unveiled a new telescopic han- machinery - probably just for small things.’ tin Ross, President of Alan Ross Machinery in dler at the Pollutec show - is expecting ‘tough times’, according to its Sales Manager for France, Philippe Hoerner. ‘For sure, I believe sales will go Auction and liquidation joint venture down (in 2009) but I expect the rental side of the At the Pollutec show, Alan Ross Machinery’s President Rustin Ross had some industry will now improve,’ he commented. major news to relate. His company - one of America’s leading new and secondhand equipment dealers - has linked up with an auctioneering and liquidation Extra glass of Merlot specialist, the Great American Group, to develop a joint auction, liquidation Around the booth of French recycling body and appraisal service for the recycling and scrap processing industries. Federec - by far the most crowded area at the The venture will combine Alan Ross Machinery’s expertise in used equipment show - French recyclers drank Merlot together Rustin Ross for the recycling and scrap processing sector with Great American Group’s with their competitors to toast a good year for wide range of asset management, disposition and financial services for enterprises of any size. ‘Our their businesses. And some took some extra customers are seeking solutions for navigating this challenging economic environment,’ says Mr Ross. glasses when the discussion turned to the unsure ‘A strategic partnership with Great American, combined with an unprecedented three-year investment future. in information technology, process improvement and global branding enables us to deliver an array of surplus asset management and recovery services for even the largest companies in our industry.’ www.rossmach.com 30

RI_006 Pollutec.indd 30 19-01-2009 11:04:43 According to the Cologne-based company, the Recyclers need help eccentric pole system makes the separator particularly durable. With two different working to rebound from widths available (100 and 150 cm), the Can- crisis, says Sécula Master boasts a lightweight design and is said to be easy to service and maintain. Strong magnetic ﬁ elds ensure a high throughput of material, it adds. www.steinert.de

Pascal Sécula has been President of French recycling federation Federec since 2006, suc- ceeding Dominique Maguin who is currently President of the BIR world recycling organisation. The 46-year old is Chairman of Groupe Sécula, an independent recycling company in southern France with seven sites handling various commodities. Last month, Recycling International interviewed Mr Sécula about Dr. Alexander Khoury presents Steinert’s Canmaster. the crisis in world markets and about the French market in particular. Representing 2450 French recycling companies, * HSM Federec says the industry is in a difﬁ cult situa- HSM Machinery launched its PET Crusher tion both at home and in other countries. 1049 SA at the Pollutec exhibition. In a single How is the French recycling industry According to its President Pascal Sécula, they step, the new crusher perforates and compress- performing at present? look to remain optimistic that the crisis will not es one-way PET bottles, as well as beverage Like most of the recycling industries worldwide, last forever and that, in the end, industry will cans, to a quarter of their original volume our industry has fallen into a brutal crisis which retain a great need for recycled materials. before collecting them in a container which has no precedent. For French professionals, the lack In 2007, production of recycled commodities in boasts rollers to facilitate the transportation of of transactions has been even more worrying than France jumped 13% while turnover across the compressed material. the collapse in prices. Purchase orders from the nation’s recycling sector climbed 10% to Euro Up to 70 bottles can be manually loaded at one different plants have fallen considerably in the last 10.8 billion (US$ 17 billion). This compares to time into the hopper of this compact and sturdy quarter of 2008 and December is the worst month a turnover of Euro 5.7 billion (US$ 9 billion) as machine. The contents are then compressed we have ever seen. recently as the year 2000. Meanwhile, French within the space of 90 seconds. A special roller exports of recyclables increased 10.7% in 2007 system perforates and compresses the contain- How are your members reacting to this? to 8.3 million tonnes - with Spain and China ers; the side walls of the ﬂ attened bottles and We must leave our doors open to all materials the main destinations, according to statistics which are part of a contract with our supply part- supplied by Federec. ners, like local authorities. Because we are in the position of not selling materials, our stocks are New products and services piling up to a serious extent. That situation is Below are details of some of the new products and made even more disturbing because storage regu- services launched at the latest Pollutec show. lations are very strict in France.

* Steinert How is this collapse affecting Federec German separation technology specialist Stein- members’ operations? ert used Pollutec to introduce its CanMaster, Firstly, the collapse in prices affects the liquidity of an eddy current separator for aluminium cans. the companies. Secondly, the large majority of recy- According to Alexander Khoury, Export Man- cling companies in France are relatively small and ager for Steinert, the CanMaster is a useful so it is much more diffi cult to develop plans for solution for those with a limited budget. ‘With drastic lay-offs, like in large fi rms. Members of staff this machine, we are focusing on the developing have specifi c experience that is hardly replaceable countries, targeting the Mediterranean coun- and that is even more necessary than ever. We are tries and others where recycling is growing,’ he afraid that businesses we have managed to attract said. ‘The CanMaster is cheap and reliable.’ The PET Crusher 1049 SA into recycling in the past will abandon our sector. >

January / February 2009 31

RI_006 Pollutec.indd 31 20-01-2009 10:10:20 Buyers of all Ferrous, Non-Ferrous Metals & End of Life I.T. Equipment

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OEA_RI_Kongress2009:OE_Kongress2007 16.01.2009 11:34 Uhr

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Main topics The future of aluminium recycling in Europe Recycled metal content – the Trojan horse for the Main Grinder sustainability of aluminium products ■ Low operating costs Recycling potential on packaging ■ No expensive Aluminium recycling in China, India, Russia, USA wear parts necessary Recycling of aluminium from end-of-life aircrafts ■ Optimum operational Optimised aluminium melting utilization New ways of processing salt containing and/or ■ Steel liberation saltless drosses from primary or secondary smelting over 96% Transformation of alloyed scrap to pure aluminium www.aarsen.com – wishful thinking or a serious perspective? Analysis of strength and weakness of recycling – ways to improvement

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Information and registration: Organisation of European Aluminium Refiners and Remelters (OEA), Düsseldorf, Germany Phone +49 211 45 19 33, Fax +49 211 43 10 09 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.oea-alurecycling.org

P32.indd 1 16-01-2009 13:42:47 exhibition

From the longer-term view, how is con- cans stick together so that they remain fl at and Germany, the TiTech Finder made its Pollutec sumption of recycled materials developing? do not return to their original shape. debut in Lyon. The sorter ensures the recovery It is evident that if demand for recycled materials For the smooth feeding of bottles and cans, a of valuable metals in the recycling process and is well oriented in our country and the countries roller featuring several fi ns is located ahead of the increases the added value of the metal fractions, we export to, the recycling rate increases. The recy- crusher rollers, which are made of hardened steel. said the company. Typical applications include cling industry in France is remarkably equipped Using a stripper system, the compressed cans and vehicle and e-scrap recycling. to deal with a growing demand for recycled mate- bottles are removed from the rollers in order to With the Finder, TiTech claims to offer better rials. In recent years, 5% of sales has been invested avoid clogging and therefore malfunctions. performance capabilities through the develop- in the sector. A second reason for this development www.hsm.eu ment of a new digital electromagnetic sensor is legislation, in particular the implementation of series, new control electronics and a new mechan- EU direc-tives on certain products such as waste ical design. According to the company, the Find- electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). But er is even more precise in localising objects as I have to say that those recyclers who fulﬁ l these small as 2 mm on the in-feed belt and sorting regulations are beneﬁ tting only partially. them according to their desired properties. We deplore the process of de-industrialisation in The technology involves a system of interpreting France and the closure of potential outlets. For signals from each sensor, gauging their relative example, the French paper industry is a victim of intensity, and using these data to control more

a deep structural crisis that has resulted in the Pieter Minner, Area Sales Manager for optical sorting specialist BEST accurately the pneumatic air jets employed to shutdown of many machines using recycled mate- separate the materials.

rials. And during the past year, the steel industry * BEST www.titech.com has announced the closure of a factory [Arcelor- BEST Optical Sorting is a new player in the recy-

Mittal’s Gandrange site] that consumed more than cling market but has already accumulated vast * Kinshofer a million tonnes of scrap annually. experience in the food and plastics industries. In Lyon, the Belgian company showcased its Recently, Federec issued a statement Genius Optical Sorter for high-volume process- to the authorities and the media asking ing with maximum detection and removal of the government for help. What help do foreign material and defective products. you need? This sorter combines all the advantages of a fl exible Our demands are limited: we want their support electronic platform via which the graphical user when contracts are broken by consumers of our interface translates the customers’ sorting require- basic materials who ignore basic contract rules. ments, according to the firm. So-called ‘frame We also hope the government will help us to grabs’ - giving actual three-dimensional shots of maintain jobs in our business. We ask them, good and bad product - can be taken without dif- through their infl uence, to press the banks to have fi culty via the touch screen. Thanks to an open The Kinshofer dedicated Shear DS suffi cient cash ratio. And, we hope that storage mechanical design, optical windows are easy acces- At Pollutec, attachments specialist Kinshofer regulations will be eased in order to fulfi l our sible and maintenance is reduced to a minimum. showed for the fi rst time its new DS Dedicated commitments to those delivering to our busi- The Genius is available in four belt widths: Shear aimed at demolition site or scrap yard nesses and the channels we supply with recycled 640 mm, 1200 mm, 1600 mm and the newly- operators. According to the German manufac- raw materials. The government must help us to added 2000 mm version. Belts are easily replace- turer, this tool is made of wear-resistant, fi ne- overcome the diffi culties that the crisis has cre- able due to a cantilever frame. grained steel and can be used in a wide variety ated and to mobilise us for a rebound. www.bestnv.com of tasks including: concrete structure demolition; ship dismantling; the conditioning of

And what can we say to end on a positive * TiTech industrial mixed scrap; and even processing note? Although already presented to the recycling steel-reinforced concrete. In 2007, French recyclers produced about 36 mil- industry at the most recent IFAT exhibition in The DS Shears are equipped with 180 deg rota- lion tonnes of raw materials, which is 13% more tion and can be used on excavators ranging in than in 2006. This upward trend started in 1999, operating weight from 8 tonnes to 80 tonnes. and all 11 branches Federec represents contrib- Other features of the Kinshofer DS include: a uted to this result. Due to the stagnation of steel greasable pivot point designed to minimise dis- production in France, demand for ferrous scrap tortion forces; an inverted cylinder mount for remained stable. The recycling of non-ferrous met- better rod protection; large, heavy-duty bearings als, stimulated by the calls of the international for reduced bushing wear; and reversible main market, grew in volume by 3%. Paper recycling cutting blades. increased by 20% and plastics by 4%. Titech Finder www.kinshofer.de

January / February 2009 33

RI_006 Pollutec.indd 33 19-01-2009 11:04:55 SUPPLIER By Gert van der Have Kiwi company’s attachment to global growth

Since its inception in 2000, A-Ward Attachments has worked its way up at an astonishing speed to become one of the world’s leading attachment specialists. And from its New Zealand base, the owner of this family business Simon Ward is driving the search for new markets.

very single year, we have been growing Simon (38), a father of two with a third child on ‘Ebetween 60% and 80%; and we are still the way, started developing and selling the expecting to grow in 2009,’ comments Simon A-Ward brand of machinery in the year 2000. Ward, owner of New Zealand-based A-Ward But unlike the company developed by his father Attachments, when talking about the diffi cult and brother, he focused immediately on the market situation facing recyclers. worldwide market. Simon Ward observes: ‘We A-Ward has every reason to set itself ambitious were selling about 60% of our total machinery goals after having rapidly obtained a lofty market sales in North America - but that has declined to position among giants such as Genesis and Stanley 30% by now. We are more looking to South range of buyers and thus increases the value LaBounty. From his headquarters in Penrose, America, to parts of Eastern Europe and Russia to the product.’ Auckland, Simon Ward is constantly scanning the - and especially to the Middle East.’ He adds that The A-Ward operation focuses on research and world for opportunities to sell the company’s his company reacted quickly to the global down- development, sales and servicing, whereas con- equipment. But there is more to life than scrap turn, balancing this tractors carry out the metal for the Ward family who are car racing decline by increasing manufacturing work. addicts with petrol pulsing through their veins. global sales into new ‘Our goal is definitely ‘But we have our own markets like the United quality management Immediate world focus Kingdom. to grow to be the team which takes care The Penrose equipment developer, manufac- To provide its clients of the quality assur- turer and vendor is an offshoot of the Ward with the best service world’s largest ance of our products,’ Group of companies - New Zealand’s leading possible, over the past explains Mr Ward. He independent operator in the construction, year A-Ward has recycling machinery reckons his company demolition and recycling fi elds. When his father appointed several serv- spends 10% of its Murray and brother Peter started the company ice and sales people manufacturer.’ sales revenues on in the late 1980s, Simon was working as a pro- such as Marcel Dun- research and develop- duction and sales manager for a packaging ant, who now is the General Manager for North ment; being part of a scrap processing parent machinery developer. America, and David Avery, who is Service Man- company is benefi cial to A-Ward because of the ager for the same region. enormous testing possibilities. According to Mr Ward, his company recognised two types of recycling from the very beginning: Many loading applications the European way with the focus on stationary ‘Things started to get revolutionary when we balers and shears; and the American way where launched our container tilter in 2006,’ explains mobility is key, an approach which lends itself Mr Ward. Available in a number of versions, to the use of mobile excavators and mobile these tilters are suitable for many loading appli- shears. A-Ward can meet the needs of both. And cations such as wood chip, glass and scrap steel, noting the success of his container tilters, Mr and have become a door opener for A-Ward. Ward adds: ‘Containerised transport has been ‘We have now achieved the status of an innova- Simon Ward growing a lot over recent years; it gives a wider tive company and I like it when competitors say

34 January / February 2009

RI_021 A-ward.indd 34 19-01-2009 09:12:55 operator to swap from working with a hydrau- ‘It is not very easy to ship everything over the lic breaker to a bucket in salt water; it is fi tted oceans; we are used to travelling,’ acknowl- with heavy-duty twin stainless steel cylinders edges Mr Ward. Recently, it was calculated that and a special interlocking design for a longer he and his General Manager David Smith had life-span. The A-Ward design also simplifi es the each taken 32 flights lasting longer than 12 change-over from hydraulic to manual wedge hours within the space of a single year. ‘The locking operation for zero downtime. The com- plane crew know our names without look at pany is also promising to launch several new our tickets,’ he chuckles. items and also some new global partnerships The company not only makes home-made indus- products, to be released at the ISRI show in the trial cutting and demolition equipment itself but USA this year. also works as Pacifi c and US area agent for Italian baling and shredding machinery manufacturer Custom made Taurus, as well as for some other manufacturers. Besides the standard, red-coloured product range According to Mr Ward, these complement which extends from rebar shears to power shears, A-Ward’s range of recycling equipment. hydraulic hammers and container tilters, A-Ward In the opinion of A-Ward, the company has a also excels in custom-made equipment. bright future. Says Mr Ward: ‘Our goal is defi - For example, SteelServ - part of the Harsco nitely to grow to be the world’s largest recycling Multiserv group which operates worldwide - machinery manufacturer.’ was recovering 12-tonne iron or steel castings www.a-ward.co.nz called skulls from around the Glenbrook steel mill located south of Auckland. To break these up into more manageable one-tonne pieces, it is standard practice to smash the skulls with a 16-tonne steel ball dropped from the end of a “What new machinery have those guys come crane boom through a deep-fi eld magnet until up with now?”,’ he comments. the ore pieces have been reduced to roughly the In 2007, the company’s rapid growth in the US required size. To speed things up during this market was acknowledged by the American nine-month project, SteelServ experimented Chamber of Commerce. Also, A-Ward won the with the use of a 75-tonne excavator boasting top prize as exporting company of the year by a grapple hook attachment which could pick the New Zealand export association, as well as up a 12-tonne steel ball and drop it from a several other awards like “Trade deal of the year’ height of 15 metres. From left to right: Simon Ward, bike racer Richard Assen and mechanic Jason Swan for a sales of about US$6 million to US com- In order to improve cycle times, Multiserv tri- pany ‘ReBar recycling specialists’. According to alled a one-machine approach using an excava- The need for speed Simon, SIMS Group approved A-Ward’s con- tor and a grappler to pick up and drop the balls, The Ward family’s interests extend beyond demo- tainer tilters as the ‘only safe way to load scrap avoiding the use of a loader. In a record time of lition to a fascination for all things that travel into shipping containers’, and now has A-Ward just six weeks, A-Ward designed and made a faster than the average. Although he himself tilters working around the world. special fi xed twin pin control mount, four-fi nger, doesn’t race any more, Simon Ward is a keen sup- Good examples of equipment developed by the non-rotating grapple with a high tensile frame. porter of bike and car racing. His favourite second company include the recent introduction of the The grapple featured abrasion plate cladding and job is being team manager for Australian biker world’s largest Quick Hitch for a Komatsu domite wear strips from Real Steel. According to Richard Assen who recently broke the world PC1600 excavator. The Quick Hitch enables the A-Ward, it helped Steelserv to complete the record for production motorbikes by achieving a project six months ahead of schedule. speed of more than 399 km per hour in a salt fl at Gold Member status area of the USA. ‘In May, we are heading again to the USA and have set our goal at 420 km per So is it a disadvantage to be based outside the hour,’ notes Mr Ward. traditional manufacturing countries of the world? With his own racing team, Simon’s brother Peter ‘It used to be for transport reasons,’ admits Mr is a dedicated ‘V8 Ute racer’ - an event for a type Ward, ‘but, nowadays, our equipment can be in of pick-up truck in New Zealand. ‘But to be hon- the USA in two weeks and in the UK in three.’ To est,’ notes Simon, ‘I believe he is better at support quick delivery, A-Ward now has a sales smashing things up than racing- but this year offi ce and manufacturing shop in the USA, and A-Ward developed the world’s largest Quick Hitch for a Komatsu we can only get better.’ PC1600 excavator. is looking to establish another in Wales, UK.

January / February 2009 35

RI_021 A-ward.indd 35 19-01-2009 09:13:00 market analysis

Ferrous Closed: January 14 2009

Early 2009 delivers mixed messages The past month has seen some significant movements of steel scrap out of both the USA and Europe as Turkish mills have shown a greater willingness to book cargoes. However, the market remains nervous about the future. Based on the situation at the time of writing, indications for fob Rotterdam prices are as follows: US$ 270-275 per tonne for standard quality HMS I/II 80/20 scrap; US$ 275-280 per tonne for shredded; and US$ 265-270 per tonne for the HMS I/II 70/30 mix. From the US East Coast, similar price indications apply for 80/20 and shredded while the plate & structural range is put at US$ 280-285 per tonne. From these same shipment points, there is a small freight advantage favouring European exporters.

teel scrap is moving and prices are USA and Europe. The volumes are lower price range of US$ 280-291 per tonne US$ 275 cfr South Korea and US$ 250 Sbroadly maintaining their recent than normal for this time of year but a delivered while shredded material cfr Taiwan for containerised HMS I/II gains but ferrous industry experts are welcome relief from the dark days in attracted US$ 285-296 and plate & 80/20, according to Metal Bulletin. nonetheless gloomy about near- and late-2008 when Turkey’s mills placed structural US$ 290-300. As for the medium-term market prospects, not virtually no orders at all. Indeed, many roughly 300 000 tonnes of steel scrap Impact of weak dollar least because of the production cuts experts have maintained that a sig- booked from Europe, 80/20 material Latest statistics tend to confirm the implemented and planned by leading nificant upturn in traded volumes is commanded prices of US$ 278-285 per beneficial impact of a weak US dollar steelmakers around the world. essential if current price improvements tonne while shredded scrap found buy- on America’s export performance dur- Between mid-December and mid- are to be sustainable. ers at US$ 283-288 on a delivered ing much of 2008. US ferrous scrap January, some 18 cargoes of steel scrap Of the approximately 240 000 tonnes basis. Meanwhile, European P&S and exports soared 46% in the first 10 - amounting to more than 500 000 booked by US suppliers to the Turkish 70/30 material was sold to Turkey for, months of last year to just short of 16.5 tonnes of material in total - have been mills during the month to mid-January, respectively, US$ 288-293 per tonne million tonnes as against 11.3 million sold to leading consumer Turkey by the the HMS I/II 80/20 content fell into the and US$ 270-279. tonnes in the same period of 2007. Exporters have been helped by low Interestingly, Chinese purchases of shipping freight rates which have aver- US shredded scrap reached 210 108 aged US$ 13-15 out of the US East tonnes in October - a huge jump from Coast and US$ 10-12.50 from Europe. the 45 836 tonnes recorded in Septem- Freight rates are well below their peaks ber and the country’s largest single- but, in common with the scrap market, month purchase from the USA since significant gains have been made dur- February 2006. ing the course of December and early According to ISRI, the USA shipped January, partly on the back of spot mar- more than 3.3 million tonnes of ferrous ket bookings by iron ore majors BHP scrap to Turkey during the first 10 Billiton and Rio Tinto. months of last year but a mere 81 214 Returning to scrap export sales, recent tonnes in October itself - less than a bookings have also been concluded at quarter of the average monthly volume US$ 285-290 per tonne cfr India and of 362 000 tonnes recorded for the first China for shredded material, and at three quarters of the year.

36 January / February 2009

RI_031 MA Ferrous.indd 36 19-01-2009 09:18:40 Ferrous

nearer Yen 9500 three weeks earlier, tonnes last year - or almost 16% more according to the Japan Ferrous Raw than in 2007. In December, the country’s Materials Association. iron ore imports climbed more than 6% But as in other parts of the world, rapid from their November levels to 34.53 firming has been followed by a period million tonnes. of relative calm, possibly because the According to reports in the Chinese news emanating from the steel produc- press, the country’s steel mills are aiming ers remains far from positive: for to secure a reduction of around 40% in example, Nippon Steel in Japan has 2009 iron ore benchmark negotiations confirmed that its production cuts for although official confirmation of this the remainder of the financial year end- stance has not been received. Industry ing on March 31 will be 20-30% experts believe that, in the final analysis, rather than the 15% stated earlier. China’s steel producers may have to Meanwhile, across in China, ministry settle for perhaps half of this target of finance and the state administration reduction - but such a result would still of taxation have confirmed that all be a far cry from the 65% price increase traders in recycled resources have been established for 2008. required to issue an invoice including The spot market for Indian iron ore with 17% VAT from January 1 this year, a 63.5% Fe content has improved mark- although they will receive a 70% edly since November. Since the New Year, rebate with respect to paid VAT in 2009 traders in India have increased their offer and 50% in 2010. For traders in steel prices to China to around US$ 83 per scrap, this signals an end to the favour- tonne cfr but demand is expected to able tax policy that allowed them to remain at a low level. issue ordinary invoices at a tax rate below that of VAT. The measure is Steel As in the export trade, relatively firm steel period in response to reduced demand. intended to reduce tax evasion within Recycling International went to press a scrap prices have also been observed in Some - but not all - European steel the recycling sector. few days before the World Steel Associa- the domestic US and European markets, producers have responded to the recent tion was scheduled to publish statistics a trend underpinned by the impact of upturn in ferrous scrap prices by raising Competing commodities covering the whole of 2008. However, winter weather conditions on availabil- their surcharges for January. Those hot-briquetted iron (HBI) producers the organisation was already prepared to ity, lack of arisings due to a drop in In Germany’s industrial Ruhr, the who are continuing to operate at present concede that last year’s crude steel pro- industrial output, and relatively low December price increase was around are looking to achieve prices of between duction among its 66 reporting countries inventories at the mills. Euro 70-75 per tonne for heavy melting US$ 250 and US$ 260 per tonne fob was unlikely to top the 2007 total, or the After having ended November on scrap (E3) and Euro 60-70 in the east Venezuela in the light of a lack of avail- 1.4 billion tonnes widely anticipated dur- US$ 107.50, the Iron Age composite of the country, states a report from Steel able material. Meanwhile, some HBI ing the first half of last year. World Steel price for HMS I delivered mill had Business Briefing. A survey conducted plants are being closed for as long as one Association’s expectations were that climbed to US$ 198.50 by January 9. by the German scrap federation BDSV or two months because production is not world output would drop 2.6% from According to the Friday Report from the late last year revealed that the majority proving to be viable at the moment. 1.344 billion tonnes in 2007 to 1.31 bil- US Institute of Scrap Recycling Indus- of its members are expecting nothing Meanwhile, it has been reported that at tries (ISRI), indications of a shredded more than a gentle price recovery from least two producers implemented a pro- scrap price increase of just US$ 5 per the low levels of November. Latest feed- gramme of collective worker holidays tonne to US$ 247.17 has been ‘disap- back from the UK suggests a higher during December and January in response pointing’ for some processors ‘who saw level of buying interest among export to a lack of demand. strength going into the New Year’. customers; but on the downside, steel There is a belief within the pig iron scrap arisings are said to be well below market that prices may have bottomed Extended downtime normal levels while prices have largely out. It is thought that the current fob The improvement in ferrous scrap plateaud after scoring major gains com- Brazil level of around US$ 260 per prices since late November/early pared to October/November. tonne will have to increase to nearer December has been achieved despite In Japan, the November lows in ferrous US$ 280-300 in the near future so as the decision by a large proportion of scrap prices are a fading memory: in to counteract a shortage of material. steel producers to implement signifi- early December, the average national Customs figures from China reveal that cantly extended periods of downtime price for delivered H2 scrap was exceed- the world’s largest iron ore consumer around the Christmas and New Year ing Yen 15 700 per tonne compared to imported a total of 443.56 million

January / February 2009 37

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P38.indd 1 15-01-2009 17:09:15 Ferrous

lion tonnes - despite Chinese output ris- blast furnaces and the remainder by it adds, is ‘whether mills will maintain ing an estimated 1.2% from just short of electric arc furnaces. production shutdowns to ensure prices 490 million tonnes to more than 495 mil- An even more pronounced slump was do not fall further until real demand, and lion tonnes. recorded in Russia and the Ukraine: not just re-stocking, returns’. Confirmed figures for the first 11 months November 2008 crude steel production The latest market survey results from of 2008 reveal that crude steel produc- in the former was 36.5% lower than in The Steel Index reveal that a growing tion among the countries reporting to the same month of the previous year proportion of companies expect rela- the World Steel Association amounted at 3.7 million tonnes while the latter’s tively stable price levels in the next to 1.224 billion tonnes, which is equiva- output plummeted almost 55% to 1.6 three months. For his part, the Chairman lent to an increase of 0.9% over Janu- million tonnes. of independent steel trader Stemcor, ary-November 2007. However, a com- Ralph Oppenheimer, has told the Reuters parison of the two Novembers shows First signs of change news agency that he does not antici- that production tumbled 19% last year According to Steel Business Briefing’s pate a recovery in steel demand until to just 89 million tonnes. recently-released Global Market Out- towards the end of the final quarter of they’ll enforce those provisions and In the first 11 months of 2008, China look, spot steel demand has been 2009, adding that orders have fallen extend them to other areas where they produced 463 million tonnes of crude ‘almost non-existent’ in many of the by around 70% to 80% over the last are providing taxpayer money so that the steel - or 2.6% more than in the same world’s markets for the last two or four months. Analysts at Fitch Ratings majority of the money is working its way period of 2007 - but the November three months while sentiment has been Inc. of New York also believe that through the economy here to create figure was 12.4% lower at 35.2 million ‘overwhelmingly negative’. It reports demand for steel should improve in the jobs,’ he adds. The transition team has tonnes compared to a peak of 47.6 ‘first signs that changes are on the way second half of 2009 as central banks confirmed that it is reviewing the ‘Buy million tonnes in June. Asia as a whole at the start of 2009’ but expresses expand liquidity and major stimulus American’ proposal. produced 54.1 million tonnes of crude concern over the impact of ‘increasing packages begin to have an impact in steel in November last year compared financial restrictions’ as a result of the both the USA and China. Low utilisation rates to 61 million tonnes in the same month fall-out from the global banking crisis. The continuing demand struggle con- of the previous year, while production Steel demand and prices in China are Increasing raw fronting steel producers is reflected in in Japan and South Korea fell 12.9% increasing, the report continues, while material prices figures from the American Iron and and 9%, respectively. production cuts in Europe and the USA Meanwhile, mini-mill giant Nucor Steel Institute (AISI) which show that, The EU’s leading steel producer Ger- ‘are expected to continue for the first expects its results for the first quarter towards the end of last year, the coun- many saw its output slide 18.5% in few months of 2009’. of 2009 to be boosted by ‘purchases of try’s raw steel producers were operat- November to 3.3 million tonnes where- The outlook’s likeliest scenarios for early lower-cost scrap and pig iron as well ing at an average capability utilisation as the decline in France was an even 2009 are for: flat product prices to hold as order levels aligned more closely to rate of just 33.5% as against more more startling 29.1% to just 1.04 mil- steady or fall slightly in Europe during end-use demand’. Actual end-user than 88% during the corresponding lion tonnes. According to figures the first quarter; Asian prices to hold demand ‘appears to be down between period of the previous year. released by the Fédération Française steady at current levels; US flat product 25% and 30%, and not down the 50% Analysts at Dahlman Rose are expect- de l’Acier, French production of crude prices to rise slightly in the first quarter to 60% that has been reflected in order ing domestic mills to improve their steel fell 3.8% in the first 11 months ‘unless scrap price levels rebound entry’, the company said in December. capacity utilisation rates to 60-65% of last year to 17.2 million tonnes, of strongly - in which case prices will ‘We expect to see an increase in order during the first quarter. The very latest which 10.4 million was produced by increase more sharply’. The key question, entry based on the real end-user AISI statistics for the early days of 2009 demand as inventory levels will need reveal that US raw steel production to more closely track to real demand. jumped from 866 000 tons to 1.062 We are already seeing raw material million tons in the most recent week prices increase here and globally, and under evaluation. This represents a mill expect to see this impact steel pricing capacity utilisation rate of 44.5% com- going forward.’ pared to 90.3% in the corresponding At the same time, Nucor is pushing US week of last year. President-Elect Barack Obama’s transi- At present, many experts believe that tion team to ensure domestically- hot-rolled (HR) prices in the USA may manufactured steel is used in govern- have reached the bottom at around ment economic-stimulus projects. ‘Buy US$ 500 per tonne although some do American’ provisions that already apply not rule out a return to such levels later to government infrastructure projects are in the first quarter of this year. Fitch unevenly enforced, claims the company’s Ratings believes domestic HR prices Chief Executive Officer Dan DiMicco. ‘The will trade in the range of US$ 550 to government needs to clearly state that US$ 600 per tonne in 2009 compared

January / February 2009 39

RI_031 MA Ferrous.indd 39 20-01-2009 10:13:01 AR_1794:Opmaak 1 26-07-2007 16:22 Pagina 1 Ferrous

to nearer US$ 850 in 2008. Analysts Conclusions The traditional leading buyers of steel bid to prevent any further downturn. at Goldman Sachs and GFMA Metal Following on from a 2008 in which we scrap are expected to continue pur- Developments in the finished steel Consulting are forecasting HR aver- witnessed the bursting of an unsustain- chasing material - but at a slower pace markets will remain the main factor ages for the year of US$ 560-565 per able bubble, the ferrous scrap commu- and with an even keener eye on price. behind scrap purchasing strategies and tonne this year while Merrill Lynch nity is surveying the year that lies There is a hope that steel demand may therefore behind scrap price volatility. researchers are more bullish with pre- ahead with even more than its custom- be bolstered by governments opting to Therefore, the direction of prices in the dictions of US$ 600. ary level of caution. pump money into their economies in a near term remains difficult to call.

Ferrous Scrap Prices Reference date: 16 January, 2009

USA Domestic Scrap Prices (US$/GRT) Fob Rotterdam Export Prices (US$/t) 523.17 520 680 502.50 519.17 Highest price 497.50 650 500 650 Lowest price 620 480 620 635 600 595

460 590 590 580 440 432.50 560 560

420 530 505

400 500 495 380 470

360 351.17 440 405 340 410 400 329.17 390 390 380 320 322.50 380 385

297 300 350 310 280 280 320

260 290 295 275 240 260 245 270 240 225 220 220 230 205 216 220 200 200 200 HMS 1 heavy steel scrap (1/4 Inch) composite price delivered at mills HMS 80/20 heavy steel scrap Jan Feb Mar Apr May JulyJun Aug OctSep Nov Dec Jan Jan Feb Mar Apr May JulyJun Aug OctSep DecNov Jan

USA Export Prices (US$/GRT) Average German Scrap Prices (e/t) 680 500 Fob East Coast price 650 630 480 Fob West Coast price 620 460 620 590 590 580 440 425.50 580 420.40 560 560 420 403 530 400 500 500 380 380.10 490 480 470 360 460 440 340 324.90 410 320 375 380 370 300 301 360 355 350 355 345 280 275 264.0 267.20 260.90 320 260 300 290 240 231.30 285 228.70 260 220 218.30 243 275 223 230 200 230 205 270 219 200 201 180 HMS 1, heavy steel scrap (1/4 Inch) S2 / E2, steel scrap (3 mm) Delivered at mills Jan Feb Mar Apr May JulyJun Aug OctSep DecNov Jan Jan Feb Mar Apr May JulyJun Aug OctSep DecNov Jan

January / February 2009 41

RI_031 MA Ferrous.indd 41 19-01-2009 10:44:58 MARKET ANALYSIS By Gerhard Teborg et al

Nickel & Stainless Closed: January 14 2009

Markets in need of a stainless renaissance The LME nickel price received a small early-year boost but subsequently retreated. Since our previous report, the 304 stainless scrap price has firmed to US$ 1000 per tonne while 316 material has remained at approximately US$ 1350 per tonne. Prices of 430 scrap have been hovering around US$ 350 per tonne while 409 has been trading at nearer US$ 200.

he LME nickel price jumped above 240 000 tonnes of nickel. This would with collectors’ enthusiasm becoming sures. Currently, nickel prices have TUS$ 13 000 per tonne early in the mean a nickel surplus of 40 000 tonnes dented and with the major scrap pro- stabilised above US$ 10 000 per tonne New Year ahead of index re-weighting this year. cessors encountering difficulties in and most market experts believe the following week. However, the metal’s In fact, the infl uence of nickel on the keeping their processing machinery another downward trend is unlikely. price has subsequently eased back price of stainless steel has been over- fully occupied. In Germany, prices of nickel cathodes towards US$ 10 000 per tonne and shadowed to some extent by develop- advanced to around US$ 13 200 per experts have been quick to point out that ments in the chrome and steel scrap Europe tonne while alloyed scrap also there has been no real change in its fun- markets. The former - a key element in Many European traders were heavily improved on its late-December levels. damentals. the production of stainless steel - is still affected by nickel’s steep price fall of Gains were also made in the Nether- Although nickel producers are consid- quoted at low levels although hefty in 2008. Notably, those who purchased lands, with 18/8 nickel scrap being ering production cuts amounting to production cuts are expected to lift the alloyed scrap at high prices are now traded at US$ 1043 per tonne and 316 200 000 tonnes, these actions will not price in the second quarter provided holding huge stocks for which there are at US$ 1530. counterbalance missing consumption. that the stainless steel markets recover hardly any buyers in the current market During December, many European According to industry experts, stainless to more normal levels. Steel scrap mar- conditions. Companies whose pur- stainless steel producers announced steel production can be expected to fall ket conditions are being infl uenced by chases are fi nanced through a bank are that they would be implementing pro- 11% in 2009, which is equivalent to the onset of winter weather conditions, now faced with increasing cost pres- duction cuts; meanwhile, redundancies are no longer a taboo. The weak order position in the stainless steel sector will certainly continue to impact on nickel sales but price development will depend largely on supply. In this con- text, leading nickel producers are thought to be considering production cuts which, in turn, could have a stabilising effect on prices.

China and elsewhere in Asia According to fi gures from the China Customs Offi ce, domestic imports continued to slide in November last year to 6505 tonnes. During the fi rst 11 months of 2008, the country’s overseas buying of refi ned nickel jumped 12.3% to 107 338 tonnes while China’s exports of refi ned nickel and its alloys

42 January / February 2009

RI_029 MA Stainless.indd 42 19-01-2009 09:17:58 Nickel & Stainless

per tonne on December 4 to US$ 13 470 715 646 tonnes reported for January- Analysts at Goldman Sachs have down- on January 7. There are no signs that the October 2007. However, a number of graded their price forecast for nickel in metal’s recent volatility is coming to an industry experts are continuing to response to deteriorating global indus- end and that the market is about to question the accuracy of these statis- trial output and worsening demand settle down. Although the Chinese gov- tics. Also in October, US exports of prospects. For nickel, they predict an ernment has removed export duties for nickel scrap slipped 5.9% to 3396 average LME nickel price for this year unwrought nickel alloys under the toll- short tons from 3610 short tons in of around US$ 8000 per tonne, which ing trade, the nickel market is thought September. is equivalent to US$ 3.63 per lb. unlikely to boom in the near term. China’s National Bureau of Statistics has Special alloys indicated that, last November, the coun- The ferro-chrome price has apparently dropped to US$ 1-1.40 per lb although try’s nickel production reversed a down- reports suggest some quantities have been traded far below these levels on ward trend by gaining 14.3% to reach the spot market. The fortunes of ferro-chrome will be revived only with a 10 453 tonnes for the month. Total out- renaissance of the stainless steel market. put from January to November 2008 High-speed steel and tool-steel quality molybdenum has slumped to US$ 24-26 climbed 10.7% to 124 086 tonnes. per kg although there have been some recent signs of an upward movement. Ferro-tungsten found its low point at US$ 25-26.30 per kg W and a slight North America correction has been noted recently. Low-grade cobalt fell to US$ 13.25-16 dropped to 6103 tonnes in January- US exports of 18/8 stainless scrap per lb and is expected to improve significantly, while ferro-vanadium has October 2008 - some 63% below the jumped 14.6% between October and also halted its downward spiral in arriving at US$ 26-27 per lb. Ferro-tita- total for the same period in 2007. These November last year, according to the nium 70% has remained largely unchanged at US$ 3-3.40 per kg Ti (maxi- relatively weak material flows under- country’s Commerce Department. mum 4.5% aluminium). lined the lifeless demand for stainless Overseas shipments totalled 92 299 steel in China’s domestic market. tonnes in October and 880 462 tonnes Nickel prices on the Shanghai Yangtze for the first 10 months of last year as a spot market increased from US$ 11 900 whole - an increase of 23% from the

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RI_029 MA Stainless.indd 43 19-01-2009 09:18:00 market analysis

Non-Ferrous Closed: January 14 2009

Few reasons for New Year cheer After a late-2008 period littered with nasty surprises, and with many scrap buyers opting to take extended periods of downtime over the Christmas period, the New Year has begun on a cautious note for many in the non-ferrous sector. As per January 14, LME cash prices were at the following levels (per tonne): aluminium US$ 1440; copper US$ 3138; lead US$ 1075; zinc (Special High Grade) US$ 1181; and tin US$ 11 300.

Aluminium cuttings US$ 535-611 and commercial remelt scrap ingot total sky-rocketed output by 18%. Meanwhile, aluminium According to reports from around the turnings US$ 428-458. In the Nether- 137% to 40 292 tonnes while exports consumption in China plunged almost world, there has been no New Year lands, new aluminium scrap has been of used beverage containers (UBCs) 10% in October last year and is surge in demand for aluminium scrap. yielding US$ 1530 per tonne while first- soared 103% to 12 792 tonnes. How- thought to have remained low in the In Europe, traders report that many scrap quality old rolled aluminium scrap has ever, the export surge was showing final two months of the year. yards are holding large volumes of been priced around US$ 1043. distinct signs of slowing as the fourth Latest statistics from the International material for which there is barely any In the USA, some buyers were still pre- quarter began. Aluminium Institute (IAI) in London demand. Orders from aluminium smelt- pared to offer upwards of 40 cents per According to statistics from the China show a 4.8% drop in world light metal ers are very subdued because of reduced lb for old sheet and cast as the Christ- Customs Office, the country exported a production from 2.187 million tonnes in demand for their own products from, mas holidays approached. Early in the mere 854 tonnes of primary aluminium October last year to 2.082 million tonnes notably, the automotive industry. Fur- New Year, however, secondaries in the in November last year. Overseas ship- the following month; however, the latter thermore, many European sub-contrac- Midwest were generally paying deliv- ments in the January-November period total still mirrored that of November tors closed for long periods over Christ- ered prices somewhat below this level. as a whole slumped more than 57% to 2007. Compared with October last year, mas and so do not need raw material. MLCs were placed recently at 40-41 63 763 tonnes. Meanwhile, Chinese Western European output slid 4.3% in In Germany, high-grade primary alu- cents per lb. imports in the first 11 months of 2008 November while Asian production minium 99.7 was recently attracting China and Hong Kong mopped up climbed 9% to 108 133 tonnes. tumbled 9.2% (although it should be US$ 1626 per tonne while alumi- around half of the US exports of alu- The aluminium price followed a zig-zag borne in mind that China does not sup- nium wire scrap (Achse) was yielding minium scrap in the first 10 months of course on the Shanghai Yangtze spot ply the IAI with data). US$ 1336. Prices for aluminium turnings last year. Overall, the USA shipped market during December and early Analysts at Goldman Sachs are being (Autor) were around US$ 654 per tonne. overseas some 1.823 million tonnes January. The price slipped US$ 233 per particularly gloomy about price prospects In the UK, commercial pure cuttings compared to 1.265 million tonnes in tonne to US$ 1592 between December for aluminium in 2009, cutting its pre- have been fetching around US$ 764- the corresponding period of the previ- 1 and December 23 before improving dicted average for the year to US$ 1300 841 per tonne, mixed alloy/old rolled ous year - an increase of 44%. The to US$ 1789 on January 9 following per tonne or 59 US cents per lb. the announcement that China’s State Reserve Bureau will purchase material Copper in a bid to help domestic producers In December, the three-month LME through their present difficulties. copper price sank to its lowest level in China’s primary aluminium production almost four years at US$ 2920 per declined 6.7% to 1.052 million tonnes tonne but early January brought an in November to give a total for the first improvement to around the US$ 3500 11 months of 2008 of 12.16 million mark. However, researchers at Gold- tonnes - equivalent to growth of 9% man Sachs believe the red metal price when compared to the same period in will average US$ 1.22 per lb - equiva- 2007. China’s largest producer of the lent to just US$ 2700 per tonne - for metal Chalco has said that it will cut its the current year.

44 January / February 2009

RI_023 MA Non-Ferrous.indd 44 19-01-2009 09:11:16 Non-Ferrous

38% more than in the same month of Aluminium Copper the previous year. In the first 11 months LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) as a whole, however, imports were 3000 3500 500 8000 approaching 10% lower at 4.735 million tonnes when viewed against the same period in 2007. China’s intake in Decem- 2500 3000 400 7000 ber was expected to remain around the

same level as the previous month. 2000 2500 300 6000 The copper price on the Shanghai Yangtze spot market fell almost US$ 800 per tonne between December 1500 2000 200 5000 1 and December 26 before a strong

recovery to US$ 4319 was mounted by 1000 1500 100 4000 January 9. However, many experts Aluminium Copper LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) believe the fundamentals do not sup- LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 3000 3500 500 8000 port a continuation of this upturn. J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J China’s refined copper output reached Aluminium Copper 330 200 tonnes in November - a drop of 2500 3000 400 7000 LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 2.3% compared to the same month in 3000 3500 500 8000 Demand has picked up since the begin- the previous year. From the 11-month 2000 2500 300 6000 ning of the year as some processors perspective, the country’s production Lead Zinc 2500have clearly run down their stocks, but3000 gained 9.6% in 2008 to reach 3.41 mil- 400 7000 LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) analysts generally do not consider the lion tonnes. With many recording low 1500 2000 200 5000 100 3000 500 3000 price increase to be a breakthrough. profits, domestic producers are still debat- 2000 2500 300 6000 Norddeutsche Affinerie AG, Europe’s ing output reductions on a monthly 1000 1500 100 4000 largest copper producer, is taking a basis. 80 2500 400 2500 1500more optimistic view: soon to be2000 According to the International Copper 200 5000 renamed Aurubis, the company has Study Group (ICSG), the red metal market J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J 60 2000 300 2000 recorded a surplus of around 49 000 1000predicted in a recent market analysis1500 100 4000 that increasing demand for spot copper tonnes in September last year. When cathodes will push prices higher. making seasonal adjustments for world 40 1500 200 1500 InJ Germany,F A M brightAJ wireS O scrapDN (Kabul)J J FrefinedA M productionAJ S Oand usage,DN JSeptember J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J

was trading recently at US$ 3238 per showed a surplus of 87 000 tonnes. 20 1000 100 1000 tonne and copper granules 1A (Kasus) World refined copper usage in the first Lead Zinc have been yielding US$ 3373, while nine months of 2008 increased by 2.7% LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 100 3000 500 3000 non-alloyed bright wire (Kader) has when compared with usage in the same J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J been trading around US$ 3000. In the period of 2007 although, of the four Lead Zinc Netherlands, bright wire scrap has been leading copper markets, only China 80 2500 400 2500 LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) commanding US$ 3297 per tonne and LMEexperienced prices (in U.S. growth dollars/MT) (+12.7%), with LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 100 3000 Nickel500 3000 mixed scrap US$ 2782. usage falling in the EU-15 (-3.3%), 60LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) 2000LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 300 2000 In the USA, radiators are said to be Japan (-1.5%) and the USA (-9%). 100 30.000 80attracting delivered prices in the mid-802500 World refined production in the first nine 400 2500 cents range while red brass is put at months of 2008 increased by 3% com- 40 1500 200 1500 around the US$ 1.00. US exports of all pared with the same period of 2007: 80 25.000 60 2000 300 2000 grades of copper and brass scrap were primary and secondary production from 20 1000 100 1000 7% higher in the first 10 months of last scrap climbed 3.3% and 1.7% respec- 60 20.000 40year when set against the January-1500 tively, according to the ICSG. 200 1500 October 2007 period. Of the 809 400 J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J tonnes shipped overseas, some 618 000 Lead 40 15.000 20 1000 100 1000 tonnes were destined for China and The global lead market surplus narrowed

Hong Kong - an increase of 14% com- to 21 000 tonnes in the first ten months 20 10.000 Nickel paredJ F toA 2007.M AJ S O DN J J Fof A2008M comparedAJ S O to 69 000DN J tonnes in J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) China imported 141 728 tonnes of the corresponding period of 2007, 100 30.000 refined copper in November or almost according to latest statistics from the J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J

Nickel 80 25.000 LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 100 30.000 January / February 2009 45

60 20.000

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60 20.000 RI_023 MA Non-Ferrous.indd 45 19-01-2009 09:11:17 20 10.000

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P46.indd 1 15-01-2009 16:57:59 Aluminium Copper LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) Aluminium Copper3000 3500 500 8000 LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 3000 3500 500 8000 2500 3000 400 7000

2500 3000 400 7000 2000 2500 300 6000

2000 2500 300 6000 1500 2000 200 5000

1500 2000 200 5000 1000 1500 100 4000

1000 1500 100 4000 J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J

J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J Non-Ferrous

Lead Zinc LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) claiming thatLME they stocks will (xstruggle 1000 metric to oper tonnes)- ted aLME decline prices of (in approaching U.S. dollars/MT) 75%. Lead Zinc100 3000 500 3000 ate if the lead price exceeds US$ 1800 The zinc price on the Shanghai Yangtze LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) 100 3000 500 3000 per tonne. spot market has not experienced the 80 2500 Information400 from the National Bureau same2500 huge fluctuations as other non- of Statistics indicates that, compared to ferrous metals. However, there was still 80 2500 400 2500 the penultimate month of 2007, lead a sizeable differential between the 60 2000 300 2000 production in China was 22.6% higher US$ 1376 per tonne posted in early

60 2000 300 2000 in November last year at 315 600 December 2008 and the US$ 1600 40 1500 tonnes; 200from the January-November recorded1500 on January 9. Shrinking perspective, output climbed 19.2% last demand ahead of the Chinese New Year 40 1500 200 1500 year to 2.986 million tonnes. Chinese holiday in late January has restrained 20 1000 100 1000 demand for refined lead continues to be further upward momentum.

20 1000 100 1000 buoyed by the electro-motion bicycle According to data from the National J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J and automotiveJ F A batteryM industries.AJ S O DN JBureauJ Fof AStatistics,M AJ China’sS O outputDN ofJ refined zinc dropped 13.5% last Novem- A A J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J J F M AJ S O DN J J F M AJ S O DN J Zinc ber to 304 300 tonnes, while production European zinc producers are said to be during the first 11 months of last year Nickel considering production cuts despite a edged 5.9% higher to 3.6 million tonnes LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) slight improvement in prices following when compared to the same period of Nickel 100 30.000 the previous year. With stocks remaining LME stocks (x 1000 metric tonnes) LME prices (in U.S. dollars/MT) the sharp fall of late-2008. In Germany, 100 30.000 Special High-Grade zinc prices have been at high levels, production cuts among 80 25.000 hovering around US$ 1497 per tonne zinc smelters are expected to gather while old zinc scrap has been attracting pace before the spring. 80 25.000 US$ 742. In the Netherlands, old Having eliminated it last year, India has 60 20.000 zinc alloy scrap was quoted recently at re-imposed a 5% customs duty on zinc

60 20.000 US$ 904 per tonne. According to experts imports from January 2 in order to help 40 15.000 in Europe, the zinc market is currently boost the zinc business. lacking real direction but some are hope- 40 15.000 ful of an improvement in demand during 20 10.000 Tin the first quarter of the year. According to data from ITRI, the final 20 10.000 According to the China Customs Office, quarter of 2008 brought an accelera- J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J imports of refined zinc fell sharply tion of tin de-stocking as well as a real in November last year - by more than fall in usage of the metal, particularly J F A M AJ S O DN J J F A M AJ S O DN J 45% to 8204 tonnes when set against in solders and tin chemicals. World International Lead and Zinc Study Group old lead scrap was trading around the figure for the same month in 2007. usage of tin last year is provisionally (ILZSG). Lead demand jumped 6.7% in US$ 932 per tonne. By contrast, receipts during the first estimated at 350 000 tonnes, which is the first ten months of last year but The winter season in Europe tradition- 11 months of the year as a whole equivalent to a drop of 3.6% from retreated 4.5% in October itself. Lead ally boosts demand for lead owing to were 24.4% higher at 180 078 ton- 2007. ITRI has also suggested a provi- mine production rose 8.2% to 3.2 million the increase in sales of lead-acid bat- nes. Chinese exports of refined metal sional figure of 27% for the recycling tonnes in the first ten months of the year teries, but the trade expects this fillip plummeted 54% to 3083 tonnes in rate of tin - ‘something that has not compared with the same period in 2007 to be less pronounced this year. November, while the January-Novem- been possible in the past due to lack of on the back of higher output in Bolivia, Figures from the China Customs Office ber total of 66 534 tonnes represen- information’, it states. China, Peru, Russia and Sweden. indicate that domestic imports of Lead stocks in LME-licensed ware- refined lead dropped 9% from their houses have halved since June but, October level to 4640 tonnes. For the according to many experts, there is still January-November period, Chinese sufficient primary and secondary metal imports gained 32% last year to reach available to the market. 29 000 tonnes. Three-month LME prices have stabilised On the Shanghai Yangtze spot market, despite lacklustre demand in Europe. As lead outperformed other base metals regards scrap prices, new soft lead was during December despite some small recently trading in Germany at US$ 1390 losses in the middle of the month, reach- per tonne while soft lead scrap (Paket) ing US$ 1750 per tonne on January 9. was nearer US$ 762. In the Netherlands, However, most buyers in China are

January / February 2009 47

RI_023 MA Non-Ferrous.indd 47 19-01-2009 09:11:18 MARKET ANALYSIS

Paper Closed: January 19 2009

Markets challenging but more stable In general, the recovered paper market appears to have entered a period of greater calm following the upheaval of the final quarter of 2008. Prices have stabilised for a number of grades and volumes of good-quality material have continued to move. However, market conditions remain extremely challenging.

Europe improved substantially over recent weeks Below the norm and China has been noticeably more Lower grades of recovered paper have active in the market despite the fact that been entering merchant processors’ many of the country’s producers are facilities at a somewhat slower rate than understood to be holding substantial normal for the time of year. However, stocks of finished product. Exporters demand from within Europe has also have benefi tted from substantially lower been slow as a result of Christmas and freight rates for shipments into China. New Year shut-down periods. Many mills Export price trends for deinking material opted to extend these closures beyond have largely mirrored those of OCC and the norm because of poor order books. mixed papers, with a notable increase in Most European mills have kept their sales prices into the Middle East where prices stable for January although some demand is relatively good. In Europe have implemented modest increases. For itself, prices for the deinking grades have exports to Asia, meanwhile, prices have been quite steady, demand is described as reasonable, and generation has been in line with normal averages. collapse in prices beyond real market mainly on the back of demand from buy- European demand has been relatively levels. Since early December, we have ers in China, India and Taiwan who were slow across the spectrum of middle seen a technical correction upwards to looking to take advantage of very low grades and the same applies to levels that are sustainable in terms of the prices and shipping freight rates which generation; European prices fell price of the fi nished product.’ However, have been further reduced. in December but stabilised in he believes the low prices currently The biggest problem in North America January. attracted by fi nished goods are limiting is that paper generation has come India and other Asian destina- further upside potential for recovered almost to a complete halt, mainly as a tions have been offering a paper prices. result of the weakness in the retail sec- ready outlet for the middle tor during the last three months which grades, with freight rates to North America has led to a substantially reduced ﬂ ow India having dropped by Lack of generation of corrugated material. Market experts some US$ 50 per container. Feelings within the marketplace are believe that prices are likely to remain As regards the higher grades of mixed, ranging from caution to slight stable in the near future owing to the recovered paper, volumes entering optimism. lack of generation. merchant processors’ yards have been The corrugated market has picked up Generation of the news grades is also relatively small and yet slow demand slightly. In December, many paper mills lacklustre. Prices of woodfree deinking has kept prices in check. took substantial downtime in response grades have fallen slightly because of Looking ahead, leading European recov- to a lack of orders but they are currently slow demand and the same can be said ered paper experts are anticipating at running again at an average capacity of the pulp substitutes. best a slight strengthening of prices in the utilisation rate of 85%. In the fi rst two Overall, there is concern about levels near term. One prominent trader explains: weeks of January, corrugated prices of generation in the coming months. ‘The fourth quarter saw an extraordinary jumped some US$ 35-40 per short ton The only ray of hope is that, if genera-

48 January / February 2009

RI_039 MA Paper.indd 48 20-01-2009 09:58:08 Paper

SCA Recycling wins approval for major MRF Paper processor SCA Recycling has received planning permission for a materials recovery facility (MRF) capable of handling up to 200 000 tonnes per annum. To be located at Totton near Southampton, the venture is expected to lead to the creation of 80 new jobs. The new plant will handle up to 100 000 tonnes of mixed dry recyclables as well as 100 000 tonnes of source-separated recovered paper. Fit-out of the existing 124 000-square-foot industrial building was scheduled to com- mence in January. Handling of recovered paper is expected to start in the spring, followed by plastics and metals in the summer. The facility’s processing capacity for recyclables exceeds by 43 000 tonnes the combined total for two similar centres operated by the Swedish company at nearby Alton and Portsmouth. These existing MRFs handle domestic recyclables whereas Totton will process commercial, industrial and consumer materials.

It’s still well worth recycling, insists WRAP Recovered paper has ‘clearly borne the brunt of the economic downturn’ but recycling remains the favourable financial and environmental option for councils and taxpayers, according to the UK government-funded Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP). ‘Even if paper is sold for recycling at £10 a tonne, that is still preferable than paying the average of £45, including tax, to send it to landfill,’ the organisation has stated. ‘The clear message from councils to the millions of people who now see recycling as a way of life is that it is still worth recycling even in the current economic climate. Although market prices for recovered materials are fragile at the moment, our view is that they are showing signs of stabilising.’ tion remains low, prices will continue a thumping 22% decline in exports of Liz Goodwin, CEO at WRAP, has noted: ‘Materials of varying quality are to be stable or may even firm. Overall, high-grade deinking material from 656 attracting lower prices because more effort and expense has to go into however, the recovered paper market 460 short tons in January-October sorting and cleaning them to produce the equivalent of virgin raw material. is not expected to show much improve- 2007 to 512 712 short tons in the The positive result of this is that quality material is more valuable. It is mov- ment during the first half of the year. same period last year. ing at good volumes and generally has less trouble finding end markets.’ By the end of October last year, the USA’s 2008 recovered paper exports Asia were still running well ahead of the Exporter reluctance levels recorded for January-October After a disastrous end to 2008, exports 2007. The cumulative total for overseas to South East Asia have remained at shipments was approaching 17.4 mil- quite low levels in the early days of this lion short tons by the end of the tenth year. Many exporters believe they were month of last year, equivalent to an poorly treated in the final quarter of increase of 11% over the 15.6 million last year, particularly in China where short tons registered in the correspond- some buyers ignored contract arrange- ing period of 2007. US exports of cor- ments. A number of customers even Contributing to the Recovered Paper Market rugated jumped 20% to 5.58 million refused to take containers from the Analysis: short tons over the two comparative ports in China unless suppliers accept- • Dick de Groot (Van Gelder periods while the pulp substitutes total ed reductions often exceeding 70% Recycling, the Netherlands) advanced around 12% to more than from the price first agreed. Many • Marielle Gommans 1.13 million short tons. Overseas sales exporters who bowed to such pressure (Bel Fibres, Belgium) • Steve Vento (Vipa Lausanne of mixed papers gained 13% to reach are now reluctant to book the limited SA, Switzerland) 6.25 million short tons but there was orders available from China.

January / February 2009 49

RI_039 MA Paper.indd 49 20-01-2009 09:58:09 Your free online news magazine

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P50.indd 1 15-01-2009 17:06:43 market analysis Textiles

Textiles Closed: January 15 2009

Price slump hits wipers market In both Europe and North America, textiles recyclers are pinning their hopes on orders from Africa at a time when many parts of their businesses are coming under increasing pressure. Despite some difficult winter weather conditions in a number of European countries, availability of original material is proving sufficient to meet market requirements.

Europe worldwide economic crisis because Worsening situation widespread cuts in production have Compared to late 2008, conditions reduced consuming companies’ within the European textiles recycling requirements for these grades. sector have worsened. Notably, sorting In this weakening market, sales of used companies are complaining of plum- clothing to Africa are alone in offering a meting prices for wiping cloths - a ray of hope since demand for all other trend which began at the end of last grades is on the decline. Unfavourable year and which has continued into exchange rates have dented orders for 2009. A collapse in cut wiping cloth used clothing from Eastern Europe, while sales has been prompted mainly by the general demand for the recycling grades and for bed feathers has also suffered. levels of recent months despite more In spite of the relatively severe winter material being available to the market advertisement weather seen in some countries, there than is usual at this time of year. is currently enough original material Although freight costs from North available to the market and prices have America have softened somewhat, remained stable. However, if market rates are nowhere near as low as they For professionals, conditions deteriorate for sorting com- should be ‘considering the fact that panies over the coming weeks as a fuel costs have gone down so much’, result of the global financial and eco- complains one trader. by professionals nomic crisis, experts predict that prices Overall, the used textiles market is of originals will start to fall towards the not expected to improve in the near beginning of spring. future. The facts: • more than 33 000 readers in North America 125 countries on all ﬁ ve continents • received by the international Glimmer of hope recycling community’s top Activities within the North American decision makers - processors, textiles recycling sector have slowed to traders, brokers and consumers a bare minimum, especially in the wiping • read by trade organisations, cloths sector. The African market is pro- research institutes and (inter) viding a glimmer of hope as buyers are national agencies expected to return to the market towards • written by recycling experts the end of this month. However, sales to this continent are thought likely to prove Want to know more? more difficult in 2009 because many Contributing to the Give us a call purchasers lack foreign exchange. Textiles Market Analysis: +31 26 3120-994 The price of original material in North • Günther Krippendorf, Send us a fax FWS Alta-West, Germany America has defied expectations in not +31 26 3120-630 • Jerry Usatch, Dumont Export Send us an e-mail really dropping - at least for the moment. Corp., Philadelphia, USA info@recy clin gin ter na tion al.com Instead, prices have remained at the Visit our website www.recyclinginternational.com

January / February 2009 51

RI_038 MA Textiles.indd 51 19-01-2009 17:09:58 ARTICLE SURVEY 2008

Index of articles published in 2008 Below is a list of the main articles featured in last year’s 10 issues of Recycling International.

Issue - Page Issue - Page

Vehicle recycling Father & son/daughter companies Car recycling: still striving for top gear 3 - 32 Sierra: following in the footsteps of an industry icon 4 - 40 ELV recycling: Japan’s missing million 4 - 84 Nicholls & Pearce: a shared passion for the paper business 4 - 80 ELVs in China: the drive towards sustainability 7 - 36 Metalcorp New Zealand: a scrap-happy family affair 4 - 101 Karle Recycling: preparing for a handover without hangover 4 - 26 Battery recycling Lead-acid battery recycling in China 3 - 62 Ferrous metal Fresh angle to battery recycling effi ciency 8 - 60 Steel futures - a plus for the scrap industry 1 - 24 Five years of world steel growth 2 - 79 China Challenges face scrap suppliers and consumers 3 - 55 China: major importer with a self-suffi ciency target 1 - 28 Scrap shortfall will open door wider to DRI 3 - 56 Shock to the core of China’s building boom 3 - 67 Steel and scrap market boom ‘sustainable’ 4 - 53 So what happens if China sneezes? 4 - 74 Fearless future for shredded scrap 4 - 02 Short-term pessimism but long-term optimism 6 - 42 Are the best prices still to come? 5 - 27 Big Dumb Recycling Machine 6 - 51 End of bull run diffi cult to bear 9 - 28 Huge growth prospects for recycling in China 7 - 32 China’s recycling park policy: catalyst for a new recycling landscape 8 - 80

Company profiles AMG Resources’ philosophy of growth 2 - 38 Veolia: seeking out the next recycling challenge 4 - 90 GEEP’s guide to e-cycling success 6 - 52 China’s tyre recycling at a crossroads 7 - 24 Interviews 60th birthday for diversiﬁ ed Kaatsch 8 - 42 Jim Schwartz - connoisseur of wines and shredders 2 - 46 Sims committed to e-scrap takeover trail 9 - 52 The life and recycling times of Alfred Nijkerk 4 - 36 Robert Voss - championing the recycling industry cause 6 - 38 Congresses and conventions NEXXT: ISRI’s record-breaking convention 4 - 44 Legislation BIR Monte-Carlo: recyclers lauded as climate and Enforcing European waste shipment regulations 8 - 86 environmental ‘heroes’ 5 - 18 Deadline within REACh 9 - 27 BIR Düsseldorf: from Heaven to Hell in a few short months 9 - 22 Miscellaneous Electronics recycling How Italians helped to shape today’s US scrap industry 2 - 52 E-waste regulations: calls for stronger enforcement 2 - 28 Remanufacturing - a second life for products 2 - 58 EERA lambasts WEEE directive implementation 2 - 37 The modern-day BIR - in robust good health at 60 4 - 28 PACE: computing the way forward 7 - 28 Scrap industry consolidation to continue 4 - 70 E-scrap and white goods recycling in China 8 - 28 ‘Mama Mobokoli’ to unload vessels in the Congo 4 - 89 E-scrap metals too precious to ignore 9 - 42 Recycling industry frustrated by shipping lines 6 - 24 Composite recycling prepares for take-off 7 - 18 Study backs joint CFC/HC fridge processing 8 - 38 On-line trading: a world for the wise 8 - 56

Nickel & stainless Nickel ‘bull run’ to end in 2010, says analyst 4 - 54 ‘Feel-good’ factor missing from stainless market 5 - 28 No hint of recovery in the near term 9 - 31

52 January / February 2009

RI_014 Article survey 2008.indd 52 19-01-2009 09:48:12 Issue - Page Issue - Page

Index of articles published in 2008 Non-ferrous metals Shipbreaking Precious metals: catalysts crucial to PGM supply 3 - 48 GMS aims for responsible vessel trading with India 2 - 54 China: over and out for secondary aluminium? 3 - 69 Asia’s shipbreaking nations fi ght for ships 2 - 57 Copper prices to remain high ‘for some time’ 4 - 58 Alang gambles on responsible shipbreaking 4 - 112 Aluminium’s turn to party 4 - 61 Able UK to dismantle Clemenceau 6 - 37 Question mark hangs over lead market 4 - 62 Cutting up the Riverdance 6 - 55 Zinc recycling yet to fl ourish in China 4 - 111 Good times followed by ‘less than stellar’ outlook 5 - 31 Shredders & residues UK metals recycling: change on the agenda 6 - 30 Treating ASR: Maind buoyed by test results 3 - 38 Survival threatened by contract changes 9 - 33 China’s Recycling Metals International Forum 10 - 32 Supplier profiles The world beckons Marathon’s Nexgen 2 - 48 Paper recycling Attractive prospects for Master Magnets 3 - 71 Proud performance by recovered paper industry 1 - 34 Metso Recycling focuses on innovation and service 4 - 136 Cool response to paper identifi cation scheme 1 - 43 Akros Henschel: a happy marriage 6 - 58 In the business of selling fi bre or freight? 4 - 68 Bronneberg re-built from scratch 8 - 52 Renewed impetus to UK paper collections and exports 4 - 130 Stacks of promise at Toratec 8 - 78 Mills and recovered paper sector face tougher times 5 - 32 Harris and its machines stand the test of time 10 - 38 Europe scales new paper recycling heights 8 - 59 Not all gloom and doom 9 - 34 Sustainability European Paper Recycling Conference: Call to scrap processors to defi ne their carbon footprint 4 - 77 Chinese mills pause to take stock 9 - 46 Recycling delivers ‘stunning’ emission savings 8 - 44

Plastics recycling Technology Recovered plastics: progress and pitfalls 1 - 38 Production boost for innovative PIM process 2 - 68 Bumper plastics crop harvested for recycling 2 - 62 Wide interest in refuse recovery solution 4 - 132 Milestones in plastics recycling history 2 - 67 Scrap consumers knock on ReSteel’s door 8 - 68 Credit where it’s due for plastics recyclers? 5 - 37 De-zincing: the Meretec route back to black 8 - 88 Plastics recycling: a crash course and more besides 6 - 21 Rewarding recycling through RFID technology 8 - 94 Plastics markets ‘in turmoil’ 9 - 39 Mitsubishi’s electrostatic separation of ABS and PS 10 - 28 Textiles recycling Leap in mechanical plastics recycling 10 - 31 Textiles trade transforms lives in Senegal 2 - 70 France aims to double sorting volumes 5 - 35 Radiation detection France’s eco-body still taking shape 9 - 37 New weapons to ﬁ ght radiation threat 6 - 57 Radioactivity and scrap: time to share the burden 10 - 18 Tyre recycling Radiation detection market is HOT 10 - 20 Used tyres and plastics: a source of black gold? 3 - 40 China to establish scrap tyre collection system 4 - 69 Recycling exhibitions Let the good times roll for used tyres 5 - 39 Pollutec - home of French recycling 1 - 36 More than a crumb of comfort for Kingpin Tyres 7 - 34 New products showcased at ISRI recycling exhibition 4 - 48 IFAT: where machine buyers can shop ’til they drop 5 - 40 In all issues Recycling & Waste Management show in Birmingham 8 - 70 * Market analysis - Ferrous * Product news ExpoSucata: a recycling samba in Brazil 9 - 54 * Market analysis - Nickel & stainless * Viewpoint * Market analysis - Non-ferrous metals * News Scrap art * Market analysis - Recovered paper The Forevertron - art or ticket to the heavens? 4 - 39 * Market analysis - Textiles Converting cars into crocodiles, Kenyan-style 4 - 79 Edward Burtynsky: photos of an awe-inspiring industry 4 - 97 Where recycling meets art and politics in China 4 - 109 Scrap wood transformed into a thing of beauty 4 - 123 ‘Treasures from Wasteland’ by Secco 6 - 63 Mikuo Konoki: scrap ‘reborn’ through art 8 - 67

January / February 2009 53

RI_014 Article survey 2008.indd 53 19-01-2009 09:48:40 classified ads

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54 January / February 2009

RI_026 ClassAds.indd 54 19-01-2009 11:03:34 IN THE Classified Ads NEXT ISSUE March

Editorial closing date: February 18 2009 Contact Manfred Beck phone: +31 26 3120-994 fax: +31 26 3120-630 e-mail: [email protected]

Advertisement closing date: February 16 2009 Contact Jan-Willem Ypma Extra circulation! phone: +31 343 517-488 fax: +31 343 510-253 * World e-scrap recycling update Additional copies of e-mail: the March issue of [email protected] * E-scrap recycling in Africa Recycling International will be on display at: * Interview: Jim Puckett of the Basel If you want to get your Metalriciclo message across to more Action Network 2-4 April 2009 than 33 000 recycling Montichiari (Italy) professionals companies * Recession impacts on China’s recyclers www.metalriciclo.com in 125 countries worldwide, then call/fax/e-mail us about editorial features or And, of course, our regulars: IdentiPlast 2009 advertising in the March 20-21 April 2009 2009 issue of Recycling * News * Product News * In-depth Market Analyses covering ferrous and Brussels (Belgium) International. non-ferrous metals, nickel & stainless, paper and textiles * Viewpoint * www.plasticseurope.org

advertiser index Van Aarsen 32 MacPresse 12 Adam, John R. & Sons 32 Metso Lindemann 56 Bakker Magnetics 38 MEWA Recycling Anlagen 20 Bel Fibres 50 Moros (Industrias Hidráulicas) 12 Bonﬁ glioli 16 MRS Greifer 12 Calder Group 4 OEA 32 Cheng Ho Hsing 40 Oxford Analytical Instruments 38 Deltax/Gensco 46 Protec 38 Duesmann 38 Recycling Support Nederland 11 For advertisements please contact: Jan Willem Ypma (Sales Manager) Group Galloo 43 Recy Systems 26

P.O. Box 2098 Harris Waste Rad/Comm Europe 32 6802 CB Arnhem Management Group 10 RecycleNet 50 The Netherlands JMC Recycling Machinery 46 SGM Magnetics 12 Phone: +31 343.517.488 Fax: +31 343.510.253 Lefort 24 Sierra Europe Recycling 2+28 E-mail: Levand 15 Stahlwerke Bochum 14 [email protected] Ludlum Measurements 28 Yorkshire Forward 7

January / February 2009 55

RI_028 Next issue.indd 55 23-01-2009 08:48:35 Lindemann Recycling Worldwide

New features at 800 & 1000 tons shear force Over-stroking side compactor & press lid, protected drive unit in container

13°

High eﬃ ciency in cutting process Software controlled hydraulic management, non-contact- sensors, v-shaped guidance Less downtime through outstan- ding materials Bolted Lindur wear plates – highly abrasion-resistant, shock relief damper LUC Shear sets a new benchmark: Metso Lindemann presents the eﬃ ciency class

New concept, new performance, new eﬃ ciency: The LUC grants Contact us! German technology and quality at medium volumes [email protected]: +49-211-2105647

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