Table, Supplemental Digital Content 1. Cephalometric parameters defined.

Abbreviation Cephalometric Variable Definition

SNA° Sella – – A point Indicates the sagittal position of the relative to the cranial base.

SNB° Sella – Nasion – B point Indicates the sagittal position of the relative to the cranial base.

ANB° A point – Nasion – B point Measures the relative position of the maxilla to the madible.

SNPg° Sella – Nasion – Pogonion Indicates the sagittal position of the to the anterior cranial base.

Pg-NB Pogonion to Nasion – B point Indicates the size of the bony chin prominence.

S-PNS Sella – Indicates the vertical height of the upper posterior facial height

Occ-PP° Occlusal plane – Palatal plane (ANS-PNS) Indicates the vertical angulation of occlusal plane and palatal plane to each other.

SN-MP° Sella – Nasion – Mandibular plane Indicates vertical growth angle of the mandible.

SN-GOGN° Sella – Nasion – Gonion – Gnathion Indicates vertical growth angle of the mandible.

FH-MP° Frankfort Horizontal – Mandibular Plane Indicates vertical growth angle of the mandible. Vertical mandibular plane angle according to FH

PP-MP° Palatal plane – mandibular plane Indicates maxillo-manbibular vertical angulation.

SN-PP° Sella – Nasion – Palatal plane Indicates vertical angle of inclincation of the maxilla. S-Go Sella – Gonion Indicator of posterior facial height. N-Me Nasion – Menton Indicator of total anterior facial height. N-ANS Nasion – Indicator of upper anterior facial height. ANS-Me Anterior nasal spine – Menton Indicator of lower anterior facial height. LFH/TFH Lower facial height – Total facial height Indicates ratio of lower to total facial heights PFH/AFH Posterior facial height – Anterior facial height Indicates ratio of anterior and posterior facial heights. B-S-N° Basion – Sella – Nasion Indicates cranial base angle S-N Sella – Nasion Indicates anterior cranial base lenght S-Ba Sella – Basion Indicates posterior cranial base lenght N-A-Pg° Nasion – A point – Pogonion Indicates facial convexity angle. G-Sn-Pg'° Glabella– Subnasale – Pogonion Indicates soft tissue facial convexity angle

Table, Supplemental Digital Content 1. (Continue)

Co-Go Condylion – Gonion Indicates mandibular ramus height. Co-Pg Condylion – Pogonion Indicates mandibular effective length. Go-B Gonion – B point Indicates lenght of the mandibular body. Go-Pg Gonion – Pogonion Indicates length of the mandibular body. Ar-Go Articulare – Gonion Indicates mandibular ramus height. Ar-Go-Me° Articulare – Gonion – Menton Indicates gonial angle Ar-Go-N° Articulare – Gonion – Nasion Indicates the upper gonial angle of the mandible. N-Go-Me° Nasion – Gonion – Menton Indicates the lower gonial angle of the mandible. Sn-Gn'-C'° Subnasale – soft tissue Gnathion – throat point Indicates the angulation of soft tisue chin projection. Sn-Gn'/C'-Gn' Subnasale – Gnathion / throat point – Gnathion Indicates proportion of the lower soft tissue height to throat length. Ct-Sn-UL° Collumella – Subnasale – Upper lip Indicates nasolabial angle G-Sn/Sn-Me' Glabella– Subnasale / Subnasale – Menton Indicates ratio of upper to lower soft tissue facial heigth U1/PP° Upper Incisor – Palatal plane Indicates upper incisor inclination to palatal plane. U1/SN° Upper Incisor – Sella – Nasion Indicates relation of maxillary incisor position to anterior cranial base. IMPA° Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle Indicates the lower incisor inclination to mandibular plane. The difference between projected points A and B on Indicates maxillary mandibular sagittal relationship to each other. It is measured by projecting points A and Witz to the occlusal plane B onto the occlusal plane and the difference these projected points. Mandibular antegonial notch angulation Measured by tracing two lines parallel to the lower cortical border at antegonial region and measuring the Antegonial ang. angle of intersection at deepest point of the antegonial notch Co-Go-Notch° Condylion – Gonion – antegonial notch Indicates angle of anterior chin placement relative to mandibular ramus. Symphyseal notch angle Measured by tracing two lines parallel to the upper and lower cortical border at symphysis notch region and Sym notch ang°. measuring the angle of intersection at deepest point of the symphysial notch Symphyseal notch depth Indicates the distance from the anterior border of the symphysis to the most deepest point of the symphysis Sym notch depth notch. Symph notch height Symphyseal notch height Indicates the height of the symphyseal notch MP-Symp°. Mandibular plane – Symphyseal notch angle Indicates symphysis inclination to mandibular plane SN-Sym° Sella – Nasion – Symphyseal notch angle Indicates symphysis inclination to mandibular plane Symphyseal depth Indicates the perpendicular distance from the pogonion to the most convex point of the lingual curvature of Sym. Depth the symphysis. Sym. Height Symphyseal height Indicates the distance from the midpoint of the anterior alveolus to the Menton point. Sym. Ratio Symphyseal ratio The symphysis ratio was calculated by dividing the symphysis height by the symphysis depth. Hyoid-Me Hyoid – Menton Indicates the length of Hyoid point to Menton Nasion – Anterior nasal spine / N-ANS/S-PNS Indicates ratio of upper anterior facial heigth to upper posterior facial heigth Sella – Posterior nasal spine