SEATTLE WORLD 1 S FAIR Century 21 Exposition 1 . Space Needle 12. International Commerce and Industry 2. Bell System Exhibit 13. Playhouse 3. I.B.M. Pavilion 14. Fine Arts Exhibit 4. United States Science Pavilion 1 5. Opera House 5. Domestic Commerce and Industry 16. Arena 6. Monorail Terminal 17. Show Street 7. Food Circus 18. Stadium 8. State Flag Plaza 19. Gayway 9. Great Britain 20. Giant Wheel 10. NASA 21. Seattle Fountain 11 . World of Tomorrow 22. Monorail ; . I ! I i i : L_ - *--1 - THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE ANNUAL 1963 •"' Gro1ier Socie-ty o£ Canada Li:n1ited. Toronto _,.....,..... .... ,,., .... CONTENTS Copyright© 1963 GROLIER INCORPORATED Copyright© 1963 THE GROLIER SOCIETY OF CANADA LIMITED Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 40-3096 14 Top of the News Stephen Ruddy ~f'\NTE:o IN u. s.~< · SPORTS 38 Sports in 1962 Harvey Ginsberg NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED WITHOUT SPECIAL PERMISSION IN WRITING 52 The New York Mets Jerry Izenberg FROM THE PUBLISHERS 55 The Houston Colts Dick Peebles 58 The Acapulco Yacht Race Bill Robinson 61 Canadian War Canoes Norman D. Lane Front cover photo by F. W. Howell 64 A Horse! A Horse! PIX 69 The Spanish Riding School of Vienna Elizabeth R ubin 73 Naming Racehorses Harold Rosenthal NATURE 76 The "Talking" Dolphins John C. Lilly 79 Banding Birds for Science John Hayden 81 Rats David Lyle 85 How Some Animals Live Upside Down K. L. Boynton 89 Nature's Magical Lights Rutherford Platt 93 Heigh-Ho, The Holly Dorothy Carew BUSINESS AND 97 The Seattle World's Fair Erwin Laurance INDUSTRY 102 Automation Arthur J. Goldberg 105 Aviation Highlights Erwin J. Bulban 110 Advertising and the American Economy Norman H. Strouse 113 Structural-Iron Workers Ruth Warren 117 The Antique Automobile Ken W. Purdy SPEC AL SECTION 124 Introduction 125 The Atlantic Provinces Amy Booth CANADA AND 128 The Northwest Territories R. G. Robertson THE UNITED STATES 132 The Pacific Northwest W. I. Fletcher 136 Population and Economic Trends GRAPHICS 141 Metropolitan Toronto William R. Allen 144 Megalopolis Jean Gottmann 154 Communications PIX and GRAPHICS 158 Canadian Mineral Exploration John Black 162 The St. Lawrence Seaway Thea L. Hills 165 Southern Tier PIX 169 The South Jim Montgomery 173 The Booming Southwest Joseph Lewis 177 The Prairie Provinces Jack Schreiner 183 The North Central States Richard J. Margolis SCIENCE AND 189 Science in 1962 Bryan Bunch TECHNOLOGY 196 Largest Ship in the World Vincent P. de Poix 200 Antimatter-New Scientific Mystery Arthur Louis Joquel, II 204 A History of Medicine Leonard W. Larson 209 Space Willy Ley 214 The SNAP Generator Lawrence M. Levin 217 Communications Satellites David Sarnoff 221 The X-15 Research Program Robert M. White 225 Archaeology Sanford M. Cleveland PEOPLE AND 231 John Hays Hammond, Jr. Richard H. Miller PLACES 235 Jules Verne Catherine Owens Peare 240 Robert Frost: America's Poet Russell J. Sully 243 Tristan da Cunha Jonathan A. Miller 248 Perugia Francesca Gray EVENTS A OUND 251 Canada R. D. Hilton Smith THE WORLD 255 Africa Thomas M. Franck 261 North Africa PIX 265 Uganda Lorraine Abelson 269 The Peace Corps Sargent Shriver 273 Jamaica William E. Shapiro 276 Latin America John L. Hochmann 281 Economy of Latin America PIX and GRAPHICS 285 Inter-American Highway J. David Bowen CAREERS AND 360 Judo Cliff Freeland 289 Far East Walter Briggs ACTIVITIES 3 64 Competitions for Young Scientists 295 Australia Geoffrey L. Griffith Thomas Gordon Lawrence 298 The Pacific Islands J. W. Davidson 368 Girl Scouts' Golden Anniversary PIX 301 Magic Islands-Past and Present PIX 3 70 Some Outstanding Young People of 1962 Frances Rodman 305 South Asia Arnold Brackman 373 "We're Tenting Tonight •••" J. W. Skinner 312 Imperfect Paradise Charles Paul May 377 Television Journalism Walter Cronkite 315 Middle East Maurice H arari 321 Economy of the Middle East PIX and GRAPHICS ART AND 380 Experimental Photography Scott Hyde 325 The United States Alan Harvey Smith ENTERTAINMENT 388 Going to the Theater Stephen Ruddy 336 The United States Army's New Look George H. Stein 393 Young People's Books Claudia Lewis 339 The United States Information Agency Edward R. Murrow 397 Music and Record Review Herbert We(nstock 342 Western Europe Marshall H. Peck 401 Television during the Year Marie Torre 348 The Channel Tunnel Joseph Gies 405 Movies in Review Philip T. Hartung 352 Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Harrison E. Salisbury 357 Minority Groups in the Soviet Union Ellsworth Raymond 409 INDEX SPORTS THE HOUSTON By DICK PEEBLES Executive Sports Editor Houston Chronicle Colt star Ramon Mejias is safe at third. AT 1:30 P.M. on April 10, 1962, in tle to bring major-league baseball to the Houston, Texas, wee Bobby Shantz wound nation's seventh-largest city. up and threw a baseball to batter Lou Houston almost went major league in Brock of the Chicago Cubs. Umpire Dusty 1954. A syndicate headed by oil and cattle­ Boggess raised his right arm and called man William A. Smith agreed to purchase "Strike!" This was the start of the first the St. Louis Browns from William C. De­ major-league baseball game ever played in Witt. Smith and his cohorts relieved DeW itt Texas. of his verbal agreement when Baltimore It was the glorious beginning (the Colts interests offered more for the American defeated the Cubs 11-2 in the National League club. League game) to a new sports era in the The battle was then taken up by George great Southwest. It also was the fitting cli­ Kirksey, a public-relations counsel in Hous­ max to a long and at times frustrating bat- ton. Kirksey had only the dream. He did not have the financial means of fulfilling it. However, he interested Craig F . Cullinan, Jr., the enterprising grandson of the founder of the Texas Company, in the idea. Slowly the dream became a reality. There will be no rain checks a t the Colts' air-condi­ tioned stadium. The domed ball park, as shown in this model, will keep players and spectators dry. On October 17, 1960, the breakthrough came. National League franchises, effective in 1962, were voted for Houston and New York City. On December 5, the Houston Sports Association underwrote the cost of designing and building a $22,000,000 domed, air-conditioned stadium already approved by the Harris County voters. The Houston people knew that they had progressed as far as they sould without a keen baseball mind in their organization. In December 1960, Gabe Paul, general WIDE WORLD manager of the Cincinnati Reds, was hired Jim Davenport, San Francisco Giant third baseman, as general manager of the new Houston is tagged out at third base by Bob Aspromonte, Colt third baseman, during an exhibition game at Phoenix. club. Paul in turn plucked Bobby Bragan from the Los Angeles Dodgers, Grady Hat­ First they enlisted the aid of state legisla­ ton from the Chicago Cubs and Tal Smith tors from Houston and Harris County in from the Cincinnati Reds. He also put to­ having a state law changed to make it legal gether an excellent system of baseball for counties to issue bonds for construction scouts. of a sports stadium. This hurdle was cleared Paul suddenly resigned on April 27, in 1958. By this time other Houston busi­ 1961, for what he maintains were personal nessmen had offered their financial support, reasons. Paul Richards, a native Texan and and an attempt was made to purchase an the highly successful manager of the Balti­ established major-league learn. Offers were more Orioles, was hired as the new general made to the owners of the Cincinnati, manager on September 2. Richards im­ Cleveland, Chicago White Sox and Kansas mediately went to work firming up the City clubs. No deals could be worked out. Houston organization. He brought with Kirksey and Cullinan then tried to interest him, from Baltimore, Eddie Robinson to the National and American leagues in ex­ be assistant general manager, and Luman pansion. They received little if any en­ Harris, Jimmy Adair and Jim Busby to be couragement. coaches. Other cities were in the same boat as Harry Craft, a former major-league out­ Houston. They too wanted major-league fielder and manager, was named manager baseball. So eight of them rallied around of the team. baseball's patriarch, Branch Rickey, in The nucleus of player talent was ob­ 1960, to form a third major league-the tained at a cost of $1,850,000 on October Continental League-to start in 1962. 10, 1961, when twenty-three players were At this stage of the proceedings, Cullinan purchased from the. National League player and Kirksey were joined in their efforts by pool. two aggressive and wealthy Houstonians­ In their selections, the Colt .45s (the R. E. (Bob) Smith and Judge Roy E. Hof­ new team was named after the famous gun heinz. The Houston Sports Association was of the Western frontier) emphasized de­ organized with Cullinan as president. It was fense and youth. They picked 2 catchers, at about that time that the major-league 2 first basemen, 6 infielders, 4 outfielders club owners had a change of heart on ex­ and 9 pitchers. Having won the right to pansion. first choice from the pool by a flip of a 56 SPORTS coin, Houston selected Eddie Bressoud, an Before the start of the season on April infielder from the San Francisco Giants, for 10, 1962, Houston club officials estimated $75,000. Bressoud later was traded to the that more than $3,000,000 had been spent Boston Red Sox for Don Buddin in the first for playing talent.