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Extracting Perceived Landscape Properties from Text Sources
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2020 Extracting perceived landscape properties from text sources Koblet, Olga Abstract: In parallel with the emergence of new data sources and the re-discovery of existing sources, such as written first-person narratives available in travel reports and diaries, is an increasing realisation of the importance of capturing bottomup ways of experiencing landscapes. This recognition is reflected in different policy works including overarching frameworks European Landscape Convention and Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, and local ones, such as Landscape Character Assessment in England and Scotland (LCA) and the Swiss Landscape Monitoring Program. Important challenges for these frameworks are how to include multiple perspectives of landscape perception and how to integrate different senses including sound and smell experiences, memories and associations, and experiential perceptions such as touch and feel. The proliferation of new data in the form of natural language has brought with it a need for robust and reproducible workflows allowing extraction and classification of descriptions referring to perceived landscape properties. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis is to explore the potential of written first- person narratives for landscape assessment and to develop methodological workflows, which can extract and classify information containing visual, aural and olfactory perception as well as tranquillity from natural language. To approach this aim, we set out a series of experiments in Great Britain and the English Lake District, first, demonstrating to what degree landscape scenicness can be modelled purely as a function of language (Publication 1), second, extracting and classifying information of other senses from written first-person narratives (Publications 2, 3, 4) and exploring temporal changes in landscapes, in perception and in their polarity (Publication 3). -
Local Plan (2006)
& Alterations (Final Composite Plan) This document combines the South Lakeland Local Plan (adopted in 1997) and the Alterations to the Local Plan (adopted in March 2006) Lawrence Conway Strategic Director Customer Services Published September 2007 he South Lakeland Local Plan and Alterations (Final Composite Plan) T March 2007) brings together in a single document: • the South Lakeland Local Plan, adopted in 1997 • the Alterations to the Local Plan, adopted in March 2006 All three documents and further information on the Local Plan can be viewed or downloaded from the Council's website at www.southlakeland.gov.uk/planning This combined document brings together the relevant polices and supporting text from both the South Lakeland Local Plan and Local Plan Alterations for the convenience of readers, who previously had to refer to two separate documents. PREFACE It is important to note that the Council has not amended the contents of either document - both of which contain references, which while correct at the time of PREFACE their respective adoptions, but may now be dated. The Local Plan policies and text which have been added or altered (in whole or part) through the Local Plan Alterations are shown within grey shaded boxes. The Development Plan The South Lakeland Local Plan and Alterations to the Local Plan form part of the statutory Development Plan for South Lakeland District, outside the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales National Parks. It sets out land use policies to guide new development through granting of planning permission. The Development Plan also comprises the Cumbria and Lake District Joint Structure Plan, adopted in April 2006. -
Infrastructure Deficit
COPELAND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK INFRASTRUCTURE DEFICIT Core Strategy Evidence Base Baseline Analysis Paper February 2011 2 CONTENTS Page Introduction 5 Identifying infrastructure types 18 Transport 24 Energy 77 Water supply and waste water 86 Flooding 101 Telecommunications and information technology 148 Historic legacy 153 Green infrastructure 166 Sports pitches and courts 178 Coast and historic landscapes 190 Social and community infrastructure Affordable housing 195 education 202 employment 225 health 227 post offices 243 Community services 246 Culture and recreation 284 Summary tables 316 List of consultees 329 3 4 INTRODUCTION Background It is recognised that to create sustainable communities, providing housing and employment opportunities alone is not sufficient. There is also a need to provide the schools, health and leisure services. These services are provided by a range of organisations but there is currently little or no integration of that provision to meet the needs of existing communities nor their future needs. The preparation of an integrated Infrastructure Plan is essential for local authorities and their partners to fulfil their place shaping role. The revised Planning Policy Statement 12 (PPS12)1 identifies the Core Strategy as the to ensure that sus considered sound , the Core Strategy must identify the infrastructure requirements for its area; who will provide it and when. The production of an integrated Infrastructure Plan will also yield significant benefits for their partner organisations need to actively engage in the process. Revisions to Planning Policy Statement 122 have meant that local planning authorities are now required to demonstrate a reasonable prospect of infrastructure delivery in relation to land allocations for development. -
The Mason Family, Yeomen Farmers of Kirkby in Furness
The Mason family, Yeomen farmers of Kirkby in Furness 1. Introduction My father, John Robertson Mason, was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria in 1911, the only son of a railway engineer. However, he told us that his forebears came originally from the village of Kirkby Ireleth, some 9 miles to the north on the shore of the Duddon estuary. This is indeed the case, going back to around 1700 at least, and this is the story of his family, as far as we have been able to discover. We made an assumption early on that Richard Mason, the long serving Locomotive Superintendent of the Furness Railway was probably also a member of our family, but this was very quickly seen not to be the case. 2. The parish of Kirkby Ireleth Though the area is nowadays commonly known as Kirkby-in-Furness, the civil parish is still called Kirkby Ireleth. This is the source of some confusion, since there is no such village of that name within it; there is a village called simply “Ireleth” but that is some distance to the south, and actually situated in the parish of Dalton! The Domesday Book refers to the area as “Cherchebei”, which means “Village by the Church”, hence the Kirkby part, and was the seat of the Kirkby family, whose earliest recorded mention is in 1204. The Kirkby family was active in the persecution of Quakers, and attempted to seize the lands of Margaret Fell, a founder member of that movement, who was born at Marsh Grange. Both her surname and this property feature prominently in our family history. -
Prehistoric Landscapes of Cumbria Irene Helen Evans
University of Sheffield Prehistoric Landscapes of Cumbria Irene Helen Evans Volume II Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Arts Department of Archaeology July 2005 Chapter 8: Burial and depositional traditions Introduction Discussions in previous chapters have established some of the ways monuments related to how people moved around and understood the landscapes in which their lives played out. Seasonal journeys between landscape zones became increasingly marked by monuments into the Early Bronze Age. Drawing on aspects of the natural world, and formalising and embellishing places that had seen earlier use, monuments tied into the maintenance of social identity and tenurial ties. But how do their contents relate to their settings? Burial and other sorts of depositional practice have seen limited discussion in previous chapters as they were common practice at different 'types' (and scales) of monument. In this chapter, the focus is on the character of deposition itself and exploration of the relationships between people, monuments and the natural world. As with other elements of the prehistoric record in Cumbria, there is no synthetic account or interpretation of burial and depositional practice. This chapter sets out the evidence, and discusses how it articulates with the themes established in earlier chapters. The frrst section outlines the character of the evidence, and problems with the ways it has been interpreted in the past. This is followed by a discussion of Neolithic funerary practice, leading to a reassessment of the 'single grave' burial traditions of the Neolithic-Bronze Age transition. The third section concerns funerary and depositional practice into the Bronze Age. -
Victoria County History of Cumbria Project
Victoria County History of Cumbria Project [Note: This is a provisional draft and should not be cited without first consulting the VCH Cumbria project team: for contact details, see http://www.cumbriacountyhistory.org.uk/] Parish: WABERTHWAITE Author: Alan Clegg Date of draft: February 2020 1. LANDSCAPE, SETTLEMENT AND BUILDINGS Waberthwaite was a small, rural parish and township of scattered farmsteads and small hamlets on the southern bank of the estuary of the River Esk. Situated 12 miles (20 km) north of Millom and 22 miles (36 km) south of Whitehaven, it lay within the south-western part of what became the Lake District National Park. The largest hamlets were Hall Waberthwaite and Newbiggin in the extreme west of the township, and Lane End on the southern border, near the main road through the township. The township covered an area of 1,771 a. in 1860.1 In 1897, after a detached part of Corney civil parish containing Grange farm was subsumed into Waberthwaite, the area was 1,887 a.2 Since 1934 Waberthwaite has formed part of the civil parish of Waberthwaite and Corney. The name Waberthwaite came from Old Norse and meant the fishing (or hunting) booth clearing.3 Boundaries The township was long and narrow. It was little more than a mile (1.7 km) across at its widest point and extended approximately four miles (6 km) from its western boundary on Eskmeals 1 OS 1:10,560 map, Cumberland. sheet 82, surveyed 1860, published 1867. 2 OS 1:10,560 map, Cumberland. sheet 82, surveyed 1860, revised 1897, published 1900. -
Local Plan SLDC (2006)
& Alterations (Final Composite Plan) This document combines the South Lakeland Local Plan (adopted in 1997) and the Alterations to the Local Plan (adopted in March 2006) Peter Ridgway Strategic Director Customer Services Published May 2007 T he South Lakeland Local Plan and Alterations (Final Composite Plan) March 2007) brings together in a single document: • the South Lakeland Local Plan, adopted in 1997 • the Alterations to the Local Plan, adopted in March 2006 All three documents and further information on the Local Plan can be viewed or downloaded from the Council's website at PREFACE www.southlakeland.gov.uk/Default.aspx?page=48 PREFACE This combined document brings together the relevant polices and supporting text from both the South Lakeland Local Plan and Local Plan Alterations for the convenience of readers, who previously had to refer to two separate documents. It is important to note that the Council has not amended the contents of either document - both of which contain references, which while correct at the time of their respective adoptions, but may now be dated. The Local Plan policies and text which have been added or altered (in whole or part) through the Local Plan Alterations are shown within grey shaded boxes. The Development Plan The South Lakeland Local Plan and Alterations to the Local Plan form part of the statutory Development Plan for South Lakeland District, outside the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales National Parks. It sets out land use policies to guide new development through granting of planning permission. The Development Plan also comprises the Cumbria and Lake District Joint Structure Plan, adopted in April 2006. -
Economic Viability Assessment (Stage One)
Economic Viability Assessment (Stage One) Prepared on behalf of: Copeland Borough Council Prepared by Lambert Smith Hampton 6th Floor Hardman Street Spinningfields Manchester M3 3HF Suite 1 Cumbria Tourism Building Windermere Road Staveley Kendal Cumbria, LA8 9PL Tel: +(0)161 2426411 : +(0)1539 760790 Date: December 2017 Ref: CBCEVA/V3 Contents Page 1. Introduction 5 2. National Planning Policy Context 10 3. Local Planning Policy Context 22 4. Viability Assessment Professional Guidance 30 5. Residential Market Context 44 6. Commercial Market Context 66 7. Method, Viability Assessment Assumptions and Stakeholder Feedback 81 8. Viability Assessment Findings 96 9. Conclusions and Recommendations 103 Appendices Appendix 1 – Core Strategy Policies of relevance to this EVA Appendix 2 – Details of stakeholder consultation Appendix 3(i) – New build sales data analysis – Whitehaven (01/2016 to 05/2017) Appendix 3(ii) – New build sales data analysis – Outside of Whitehaven (06/2012 to 05/2017) Appendix 4 – Schedule of development scenarios and appraisal assumptions Appendix 5 – Viability appraisals Executive Summary Introduction In June 2017, Copeland Borough Council commissioned Lambert Smith Hampton (‘LSH’) to prepare and advise on an Economic Viability Assessment (‘EVA’), which would form part of the evidence base for the new all-encompassing Local Plan. The new Local Plan will replace the December 2013 Core Strategy, for which the Council had previously been preparing an accompanying Site Allocations and Policies Plan. This underwent a consultation period of the Preferred Options in January – February 2015. However, in May 2017 a decision was made to suspend preparation of this document since the allocations proposed in the Core Strategy could not demonstrate a five year housing supply. -
The Status of Smelt Osmerus Eperlanus in England English Nature Research Reports
Report Number 516 The status of smelt Osmerus eperlanus in England English Nature Research Reports working today for nature tomorrow English Nature Research Reports Number 516 The status of smelt Osmerus eperlanus in England Peter S M aitland Fish Conservation Centre, Haddington, EH41 4NR Tel: 01620 823691; E-mail: [email protected] English Nature Nominated Officer: Dr David Fraser This report is an official document prepared under contract between the author and English Nature. The views expressed are the author’s and not necessarily those of English Nature. The report should not be quoted without permission from both the author and English Nature. You may reproduce as many additional copies of this report as you like, provided such copies stipulate that copyright remains with English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA ISSN 0967-876X © Copyright English Nature 2003 ‘It is evident from the imperfect returns rendered to Mr. Harding, that the amount of interest taken in the Smelt fisheries of the United Kingdom, either by the imperial or local authorities, is small indeed, and that this delicate and delicious fish is, from utter neglect and unfair treatment, becoming lost as a source of food and profit in the localities where it formerly abounded.’ (Southwell 1888). Summary Like many other diadromous fishes, the Smelt Osmerus eperlanus has declined in many places across Europe. In Scotland, for example, most of the previously recorded populations are extinct. The situation in England is less certain and is the object of this review, which also includes Wales. Information from fisheries and wildlife organisations, from the literature and from questionnaires carried out in 1966, 1969, 1980 and 2002 was ingathered and assembled on a river by river basis. -
Copeland Local Plan 2013-2028
Copeland Local Plan 2013-2028 Core Strategy and Development Management Policies DPD Adopted December 2013 To view and download an electronic copy of this Core Strategy and Development Management Policies document, visit the Copeland Borough Council Website: www.copeland.gov.uk You can also view the document at all libraries in the Borough and Copeland Borough Council offices. Paper copies of the document are available on request from the contact details below. For further information on the Copeland Local Plan (also known as the Local Development Framework), please contact: The Planning Policy Unit Copeland Borough Council The Copeland Centre Catherine Street Whitehaven Cumbria CA28 7SJ Telephone: 01946 598435 Email: [email protected] If you require a copy of this document in an alternative format, for example, large print, Braille, audio cassette or an alternative language, please call 0845 054 8600. Photographs on front cover used with kind permission of Brian Sherwen. This page is intentionally left blank. CONTENTS 1 Planning Copeland’s Future ................................................................................................ 1 2 Spatial Portrait for Copeland .............................................................................................. 7 3 Setting the Strategy ............................................................................................................ 9 4 Economic Opportunity and Regeneration ........................................................................ 32 5 Sustainable Settlements -
11C16 Duddon Estuary
Cumbria Coastal Strategy Technical Appraisal Report for Policy Area 11c16 Duddon Estuary (Technical report by Jacobs) © Copyright 2020 Halcrow Group Limited, a CH2M Company. The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Jacobs. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Jacobs constitutes an infringement of copyright. Limitation: This document has been prepared on behalf of, and for the exclusive use of Jacobs’ client, and is subject to, and issued in accordance with, the provisions of the contract between Jacobs and the client. Jacobs accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for, or in respect of, any use of, or reliance upon, this document by any third party. CUMBRIA COASTAL STRATEGY - POLICY AREA 11C16 DUDDON ESTUARY Policy area: 11c16 Duddon Estuary Figure 1 Sub Cell 11c Arnside to Hodbarrow Point Location Plan of policy units. Baseline mapping © Crown copyright and database rights, 2019. Ordnance Survey licence number: 1000019596. 1 CUMBRIA COASTAL STRATEGY - POLICY AREA 11C16 DUDDON ESTUARY Figure 2 Location of Policy Area 11c16: Duddon Estuary. Baseline mapping © Crown copyright and database rights, 2019. Ordnance Survey licence number: 1000019596. 2 CUMBRIA COASTAL STRATEGY - POLICY AREA 11C16 DUDDON ESTUARY 1 Introduction 1.1 Location and site description Policy units: 11c16.1 Lowsy Point to Askam-in-Furness Pier 11c16.2 Askam-in-Furness (including Askam-in-Furness Pier) 11c16.3 Askam-in-Furness to Dunnerholme (priority unit) 11c16.4 Dunnerholme