Malaysia: How Is FM Radio

Sharad Sadhu Technology Consultant Fraunhofer IIS Malaysia: How is FM Radio

. FM radio industry had a good revenue model . But FM capacity over-used in many locations . Radio broadcasters seek more FM channels . Additional spectrum is not available . Highway radio requirement is not met . Opex costs are becoming unviable  Is FM radio facing the sunset? Relevance of DRM FM Digital Radio

. DRM FM digital radio system offers . 3+ channels in each transmission . High quality digital radio . Without any new spectrum FM Spectrum: DRM FM Slot Insertion

• DRM FM RF slot is 96 kHz wide • DRM FM RF slot is inserted between analogue carriers • Simulcast mode – FM digital + FM analogue FM carrier DRM carrier slots

87,5 MHz 108 MHz

DRM fits well in FM spectrum gaps Indonesia DRM Carrier in FM Band

FM DRM FM 105,1 105,25 105,5 MHz MHz MHz

1 Tx – Simulcast Transmitter 93.2 MHz: Calculated Coverage Comparison

Study on the Comparison of the Coverage and Transmitting Power between FM and DRM in VHF Band II

Coverage of Tx Mannheim, Germany, on 93.2 MHz with equal transmitting power of 1 kW e.r.p. for DRM and FM

FM-Rx (MO) FM-ITU (FX) FM-Rx (PI-H) dRatio = 10.2 dRatio = 6.4 dRatio = 5.8 . Flexibility in spectrum location . 3 radio channels + multimedia in 96 kHz slot . Superior mobile, indoor reception . Big savings in service, operating costs Journaline – Content Sources

Example: All India Radio What radios these cars have?

Elantra Tucson Grand i10

Xcent Verna Elite i20

Creta Active i20 Santro TUV300 - DRM DRM in the World: Some Key Countries

• India • Indonesia • Bangladesh • Pakistan • Russia • Southern Africa • Brazil • … Ruxandra Obreja Alexander Zink Bernd Linz Chair DRM Consortium Vice-Chair DRM Senior Business Consortium; Development Manager, Senior Business Fraunhofer IIS Development Manager, Fraunhofer IIS

Ruxandra Obreja Chair DRM Consortium DRM for local / regional coverage (VHF bands) (Band I, II – FM band, III) 30 MHz DRM for medium/large area coverage (AM bands) (or LW, MW, SW) – the AM bands

DRM

v v

DRM Digital Radio standard – One single standard: Same key features throughout • Global ITU standard for terrestrial Digital Radio that  enables all coverages: local, regional, national, international (in broadcast bands AM & FM/VHF)

• All details openly standardized (ETSI) and published, Not controlled by a single company/organization  No licenses required

• On a single AM/FM frequency, up to 3 audio services + multimedia • Digital-only or simulcast operation (with AM or FM analogue signal)

• DRM upgrades for existing AM/FM infrastructure possible

• Not a multiplex solution – Each broadcaster in full control of their transmission and content

• DRM FM for Malaysia Radio Industry  Most practical solution for forward development of static radio industry . Universal and free access to information, education & entertainment

. Reaching all citizens in a country whether they live in bigger cities, in villages, on hills or in valleys

. Using a single technical standard, a solution for local, regional, national and international radio services

. Using spectrum more efficiently, much reduced costs . Making radio the digital media hub for modern listeners, with multi-lingual and on-demand information

. Enabling a smooth transition from analogue to digital radio, taking listeners along, and using existing infrastructure

. Great opportunity for local manufacturing and know-how

. In Malaysian context, DRM FM is an exciting opportunity . It offers more than audio: Access to information, radio schooling, entertainment, Emergency Warning . DRM automotive (car) receivers already available in 2.5 million cars . Its data services offer a powerful revenue possibility . Offers relevant information to people wherever they are, beyond audio . It offers information free-to-air to everybody, without the need for Internet

. DRM receivers can cache information for convenient access at any time (e.g. schooling documents collected over night)

. The real integrator and universal provider of education, information and Emergency Warning alerts (EWF)

. DRM can provide education to remote areas or during a pandemic You will hear details on the following

. Powerful signal transmissions, great and uniform coverage

. Multiple audio and data services delivered

. Substantial saving on transmission power, low Opex

. No new spectrum required

. Low Capex

. Totally eco-friendly

. Most practical solution for Malaysian radio broadcasters The DRM Consortium – a Reminder

• Founded in 1998 by international organisations to promote the adoption of the DRM standard worldwide • Not-for-profit organisation

• Around 100 international members Broadcasters, manufacturers, network operators, regulators, research institutes, etc…

• Experts and technologists Ready to give expert and objective advice on the technology

• Open to all Companies, organisations, associations and individuals can join at any time For joining the DRM Consortium, write to: [email protected] MW – 35 transmitters SW – 4 transmitters 1000 kW - 2 500 kW - 1 300 kW - 6 250 kW - 1 200 kW - 10 100 kW - 2 100 kW - 11 20 kW – 6 Transmitters 39 Investment Over 3 Billion INR Power 8,000 kW Coverage 0.6 Billion people Asia’s First DRM FM Regular Transmissions

DRM FM Transmitters: Labuan Pantai, Banten Regency, Jawa Timur Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi Province, Jawa Timur Cilacap, Jawa Tengah

Services: DRM FM – 2 audio services (PRO 1, PRO 3), Journaline News Service FM analogue simulcast – one audio service News over DRM FM Radio (3 July 2020) . It is understood that a study to examine feasibility of implementing digital audio broadcasting in Malaysia.

• It seems that conclusions of the study were not favourable, but study only looked at a single platform-approach in VHF band-III.

• We offer the DRM digital radio broadcasting standard for Band III and for the FM Band.

• Based on several crucial implementation aspects such as spectrum usage, Capex, Opex, implementation flexibility, growth, power resources and ‘use as you grow’ features, you will find DRM system much more beneficial.

Alexander Zink Vice-Chair DRM Consortium; Senior Business Development Manager, Fraunhofer IIS FM Radio: Malaysian Situation

Challenges to analogue FM broadcasting: • Major competition from digital media for user attention • Perceived old-style media, audio-only services • Declining revenue from classic ads • Often a public mandate to maintain broadcast networks (emergencies)

But still: • Leading media for in-car consumption • Trusted information source • Very limited competition in every location (comp. to millions of web streams) Which Digital Radio Standard?

Digital Radio Standard must allow for easy migration: • Use existing frequency spectrum • Utilise existing technical infrastructure – transmitters, feeder lines, towers, etc. • Capable of simulcast operation (analogue + digital) during transition period • To be non-proprietary • Work in all broadcast bands – SW, MW and FM Why DRM for Digital FM Radio

• Most recent global digital radio standard in all the VHF bands: Band I, Band II (FM-Band), Band III

• Endorsed by the ITU in 2011 ITU-R Rec. BS.1114 (system), ITU-R Rec. BS.1660 (planning parameters) • ETSI standard ratified in 2011 • Worldwide spectrum compatibility: 96 kHz bandwidth (half of FM) • Useful content bit rate: 37—186 kbps • Flexible configuration: capacity  coverage  transmission power • Significant Cost Savings: Green and energy efficient • Transition path for established FM networks The Solution: Digitising FM Radio!

No New Frequency Spectrum Assumption: . Same coverage in FM and DRM . Stationary reception profile in acc. to ITU-R . Same Antenna Gain FM 1x DRM 3x at 200 kHz bandwidth at 96 kHz bandwidth

10 : 1 power 1 kW 10 kW . Existing FM services 800 kHz apart . One license allotments (of 200 kHz) in-between existing FM stations . No interference with existing FM stations!

FM FM 1—3 audio 1 audio programmes 1 audio programme + multimedia programme

DRM

200 kHz 96 kHz 200 kHz 200 kHz • DRM fits into the FM channel raster • DRM RF signal needs less Spectrum bandwidth compared to FM • More RF channel possible in VHF Band II as for FM (spectrum efficient!)

FM DRM with 1 channel protection distance (unless amplified FM with with a single transmitter)  2 channels protection DRM distance

200 kHz 96 kHz FM carrier

87,5 MHz 108 MHz

 DRM fits anywhere in the FM gaps!

DRM in the FM band

87,5 MHz 108 MHz FM Spectrum – DRM Insertion (Option) • Multiple FM tx combined on to a single antenna • Stand-alone DRM tx (optionally multiple DRM signals)  uses own combiner slot alongside FM txs . Up to 2 DRM blocks per license allotment  Space for up to 6 audio programmes + multimedia  2 DRM blocks (MDI) from single or different broadcasters

FM FM 1—6 audio 1 audio programmes 1 audio programme + multimedia programme

DRM

200 kHz 200 kHz

à 96 kHz If the FM Spectrum is full

87,5 MHz 108 MHz

use band III Ch 5 Ch 6 Ch 7 Ch 8 Ch 9 Ch 10 Ch 11 Ch 12 Ch 13 7 MHz 174 MHz 240 MHz 1536 kHz

9A 9B 9C 9D DAB+ VHF VHF BandIII … … …….. DRM

Within 1.5 MHz – 15 DRM transmissions (each 96 kHz, 3 services)  carrying up to 45 audio services + data (in 1.5 MHz)  enabling a more flexible network planning (equivalent to 1 DAB multiplex carrying up to 20 services)  DRM can co-exist with (DAB+) in VHF band III The Solution: Digitising FM Radio!

Multiple Services Programme Provider Network Provider

AM Radio (analogue)

Program 1 Distribution Network

FM Radio (analogue) Freq 1 Freq 2

Program 1 Distribution Network Freq 3 Programme Provider Network Provider

Program 1

Program 2 DRM Content- Program 3 Contribution Server Distribution

Data (Head- End) IP Network (MDI)

SFN All TX on same Frequency FM 1x DRM 3x at 200 kHz bandwidth at 96 kHz bandwidth

10 : 1 power 1 kW 10 kW Enhanced Number of Services

DRM is flexible for different spectrum situations using VHF Band I, II and III a) Spectrum not full 96 kHz

VHF Band II VHF Band II

88,5 MHz 108 MHz 88,5 MHz 108 MHz

1 Service FM 1 to 3 Services Data

b) Spectrum full 96 kHz

VHF Band II VHF Band III

88,5 MHz 108 MHz 174 MHz 230 MHz The Solution: Digitising FM Radio!

Transmission System DRM Transmission Chain – Outline 1) ContentServer (encoder/multiplexer) at studio / playout center  SFN option

Audio DRM IP DRM Data Transmitter ContentServer Modulator Signalling

SFN option DRM Transmitter Modulator

2) ContentServer + Modulator integrated into Transmitter  local operation

Audio (analog & digital) DRM DRM Data Transmitter ContentServer Modulator Signalling DRM Transmission Chain – Overview (1) DRM Transmission Chain – Layout (1) DRM Transmission Chain – Advanced Options

direct RSCI – MDI Receiver monitoring Status & Control Interface (2) DRM Contribution Interfaces

DRM Contribution Interfaces:

Feeding audio + data from a studio/source into the DRM ContentServer (multiplexer encoder)

 Interface examples. Implementations are manufacturer specific (2) DRM Contribution Interfaces – Audio

MDI Typical audio contribution interfaces to a DRM ContentServer DRM ContentServer include: • Real-time audio: Audio Encoder • Analog • Digital Sound • Audio-over-IP (Livewire / AES 67) Card file upload  (Re-)sampling to broadcast signal clock! (mp3, wav, analog/digital • File based audio: playlist, …) signal • FTP upload / mirroring clock audio-over-IP • HTTP mirroring signal (Livewire)  Careful with pre-compressed audio! (2) DRM Contribution Interfaces – Data

MDI Data content contribution (text, images, etc.):

DRM ContentServer • File based contribution: • FTP(s)/HTTP(s) upload / mirroring Data Encoder • Online resources: Timer • RSS / atom feeds (self-updating) • Web based editing (HTML editor) real-time data file upload (UECP, (FTP, HTTP); • Real-Time contribution: socket API) web-editor • Contribution standard protocols self-updating online (UECP, Funkhaustelegramm, etc.) resources (RSS, atom); • Socket API file mirroring (FTP, HTTP) (network interface for own apps) (4) Distribution – Studio-Transmitter-Link (STL)

Studio Transmitter site MDI: DRM Multiplex DRM Monitoring Distribution Monitoring Receiver Interface Receiver (UDP/IP)

DRM Modulator SFN (MDI input) option DRM Modulator (MDI input)

DRM ContentServer: Rx development / Test lab - Audio encoding - Multimedia data management - DRM Signalling & DRM Test Equipment, Multiplex Generation incl. Channel Simulator Example:

. Gatesair Flexiva Digital Modulator Card . Can be retrofit afterwards into each existing MDI DRM LAN Remote RTAC & Interface Interface Interface Flexiva FM Transmitter Spectrum Analyzer Interface

GatesAir Dig. Modulator Card Installed in Flexiva FM Exciter The Solution: Digitising FM Radio!

Financial Benefits of Migration to DRM Digital FM . Equipment (a) Capital Expenses – CAPEX (one-time setup invest)

. Signal Distribution Operational Expenses – . Energy (b) OPEX Cooling (c) . 5x CAPEX . Floor space (c) over the life time . Service & maintenance (c) of a transmitter! new FM tx on pure DRM tx on DRM upgrade existing FM site existing FM site of existing FM tx* Power level (TX) 10 kW 1 kW Transmitter $ 40.000 $ 20.000 $ 10.000 Mask Filter $0 $ 0 $ 0 Cooling System $ 5.000 $ 2.000 $ 0 Antenna & RF Line, Exists Exists Exists Installation TX Installation $ 5.000 $ 2.000 $ 2.000 Total site cost (per site) $ 50.000 $ 24.000 $ 12.000

Studio Head-End (1x for network) $ 0 ($ 20.000) ($ 20.000) No. of programs 1 3 3 Cost per programme & site $ 50.000 $ 8.000 $ 4.000

*) Only DRM-capable FM transmitters can be upgraded! . Energy is stated as largest position of Operational Costs for Broadcaster . DRM with significant energy costs savings !

Transmitter FM DRM Power 10 kW 1 kW Efficiency 72 % 50 % Energy consumption per Transmitter 13.9 kW 2 kW

Annual Energy Bill per Transmitter 18 250 USD 2 640 USD Programmes per Transmitter 1 3 Annual Energy Bill per Programme 18 250 USD 880 USD

Assumes 0.15 USD per kWh . Maintenance seen as 2nd largest cost factor after energy bill . Reduced part diversity . Reduced maintenance effort . Reduced heat load / cooling effort . Reduced space  Significant savings in Service & Operation with DRM compared to FM !

Example: 3 x DRM Transmitter 9 x FM Transmitter @ lower power @ high power (9 programs, same coverage) Digital FM Radio: Financial Benefits

A) Reduced distribution cost:

• Annual cost savings for FM network (80-90%!) – power & maintenance

• A single digital transmission covers up to 3 audio services  1 nation-wide digital FM network replaces up to 3 analog FM networks

B) Additional Revenue Potential

• Journaline media service enables new revenue sources  targeted ad placement & interactivity (on connected devices)

• Pop-Up stations link with temporary events/festivals  ads for temporary channel create buzz for FM radio services Digital FM Radio: Financial Benefits

• Annual cost savings for FM network (80-90%!) – power & maintenance

Example:

3 nation-wide FM programs, 29 sites, 10 kW analog FM power each

 annual transmission power cost @ 0.11 USD/kWh

* Analog: 1.200 million USD/a (!) * Digital FM: 0.112 million USD/a

 Digital FM saves over 1 million USD/a! Let’s have a 10 minute break

Bernd Linz Senior Business Development Manager, Fraunhofer IIS DRM FM Services

• Multimedia Applications – Great listener benefits – Extra revenue opportunities for broadcasters DRM Text Messages programme accompanying labels (Unicode), max. 128 characters, max. every 20 sec.

Journaline text based information service (Unicode), supporting all classes of receivers, triggers interactivity and geo-awareness

Slideshow programme accompanying images + animation EPG/SPI – Service Programme Information Station logos; What’s up now & next; Search for programs and schedule recording TPEG / TMC Traffic Information

 Great listener benefits & revenue source! Journaline Feature Overview  Hierarchically categorized text information “Electronic Magazine“ / “Teletext for Digital Radio”  Push & store service for any digital radio platform Immediately available for interactive use  Provides:  flexible menu structure  detailed text information (headline, body text)  list type messages (automatically updated, e.g. sports results, stock market)  ticker messages (categorized information)  bookmarking (favourites feature) Journaline Content Carried

General information: Program related information:  News  Station contact information for listener feedback  Sports events and results (incl. result tables  Show background information with real-time updates) (e.g. optionally with link to online-platform)  Distance Learning / Education  Direct phone link  Financial information / to participate in chat show Stock market values  Song info+purchases,  Airport departure / arrival times podcast downloads  Advertisement  Captions (Mobile-TV subtitles / (with interactivity / Hot Button) Radio for the impaired)  Games / Lottery, …  …

 Journaline can flexibly deliver all kinds of text content. Journaline – Broadcaster Benefits Journaline  Specifically designed for Using DRM System digital broadcast services: low bitrate requirement (e.g. 200 bps)  Re-use of existing data sources for broadcasters (RSS, XML), Internationally applicable (Unicode/UTF-8)  Optimized for inexpensive consumer receivers (low decoder and user interface requirements)  Extensible hinting information for advanced receivers: • back channel: web, e-mail, phone,… • geo-tagging: local content, get me there  Journaline enables efficient, on-demand text• speech information hinting servicesfor in- caron Digitaluse, etc. Radio: Free to air, no Internet required Journaline Functioning  Works on all classes of radio sets:  desktop, mobile phone, car  text-screen, colour graphics, TTS  stand-alone or connected  Ads should be linked with ‘useful content’ for the listener:  Sponsored information (e.g. local weather forecast, sports)  Service information (e.g. music news; hotel/restaurant recommendations)  Dedicated ad pages (e.g. detailed info for on-air ads) Journaline Optimized Ad Targeting over Broadcast

 For instance by careful menu design: 1. Language selection 2. Region selection 3. Topic of Interest selection …

 At this point a lot of information was collected through user’s choices  Specific ads placed on target page  Strongly personalized over broadcast medium Journaline Content Levels: >65000 pages per service Journaline Interactive Functionality – Hot Button Feature  Any number of “Hot Button” triggers ‚Connected Devices‘ – per Journaline page Enhanced opportunities  Enables simple user interactivity e.g. with radio station or advertisement partners  Default interactivity targets:  Links to other Journaline pages e.g. jump from ticker news to full story  Web pages (Internet URLs) e.g. to order recent songs; link to ad page  Telephone number e.g. to participate in talk shows; place votes  SMS (target phone number + content)  E-mail (target address + content)  DAB/DMB/Drm services (audio, EPG, ) Journaline Branding samples Journaline User Experience – Audi MMI Prototype

„Favourites“ (bookmarks) direct access: local weather, traffic,…

Source: Fraunhofer IIS (Audi MMI) Journaline Broadcast Content Sources – Re-Using Content Example: All India Radio, www.newsonair.com AIR RSS feeds

DRM FM Services

• DRM Emergency Warning Functionality (EWF) – All stations switch, present audio and text information What is your approach today on information dissemination in case of disasters?

How effective is it?

And how can Digital Radio support this task in future? Source: http://sdg.iisd.org/news/international-disaster-database-61-7-million-impacted-by-disasters-in-2018/

Extreme weather conditions often come with a pre-warning phase.  Are we already getting the most out of this time window to warn the public and save lives? • Ubiquitous: Oldest and largest available media platform worldwide (everywhere there are radios in their millions that can be easily used, even independent of energy sources e.g battery…) • Quick Access: Guarranteed to reach everyone, even sparse populations in the furthest corners of territories/countries. Able to offer through the power of terrestrial broadcasting (“one to many”) full country coverage • Resilient: when disaster strikes, the one platform guaranteed to function. Radio - the last line of resistance in front of disaster • Easy to Integrate: Proven paths of access from disaster agency/government triggering the alarm to studio-transmitter- listener/affected population • Part of integrated system: can be part of integrated national system (TV. Mobiles etc.) and support all Emergency Warnings Issues with Analogue Radio Transmissions?

• Emergency program replaces the normal program • Radio listeners in the entire coverage area of the transmitter get only emergency program even if disaster in a limited area • No alert signaling • No auto tuning of receivers to emergency programs • No text information in local language Detection of pending Disaster disaster hits

Preparatory Instant Crisis / Post- General Warning Rescue Disaster Education Dissemination Support Services

Digital Radio provides essential services in all these stages, as it: a) reaches the affected people reliably b) enables detailed multi-lingual text infos Digital Radio EWF – Emergency Warning Feature

Emergency alert sent to all digital radio receivers

Supporting long-distance EWF coverage from outside disaster area

Affected disaster area

1. Receiver switches on and/or re-tunes automatically 2. Visual / acoustic signaling 3. Alarm announcement + multi-lingual look-up text instructions via Journaline (serving non-native speakers + the hearing-impaired) EWF for Digital Radio Unique Benefits for Information Dissemination

 Radio is independent from local infrastructure:  Battery powered / wind-up  No satellite dishes / settop boxes  Large-area transmitter coverage from outside disaster area (DRM MW and SW)  Secured transmitter sites (backup power etc.)  Well-controlled infrastructure EWF for Digital Radio Unique Benefits for Information Dissemination

 Open Digital Radio Standards have EWF – Emergency Warning Functionality – as default feature:  Alarm signalling sent to receivers  Automatic station re-tuning + Automatic receiver switch-on (opt.)  Visual signalling + volume increase  Emergency program with audio + multilingual text !! When the alarm signal is triggered by authorities: • All running DRM receivers pick up alarm signal from currently receiver DRM Service, and switch to emergency broadcast (if required)

• Turned-off receivers may switch on automatically (requirement to be communicated to rx mfcts)

 All DRM receivers present the audio content of the emergency programme

 DRM receivers with text screen in addition present • detailed information and instructions (Journaline) + • text-headlines (Text Messages) EWF for Digital Radio Standardized Data Applications

DRM TextMessage Journaline Slideshow scrolling text advanced image sequence sequence on-demand text

Tsunami pending in Shanghai at 16:00

. Max. 128 characters, . Full news articles with . Images, typ. 320x240 typ. every 20 sec. topic structure (menus) . Automatic sequence: . Automatic sequence: . On-demand look-up no user-interaction no user-interaction (optional categories) . Multilingual (Unicode)

All Receiver Classes Multimedia Rx (text-only screen) (colour graphics screen)  Enables provision of very detailed information  Serves non-native speakers / travelers  Serves the hearing impaired

CNR Emergency Broadcast Information in English ► Information in English What is going on? हिꅍदी मᴂ सूचना (Hindi) ► What do I need to do? 中文信息 (Chinese) Where can I get help? Info auf deutsch ↓

What is going on? What do I need to do? A major tsunami is 1. Move away from shore! expected for the Shanghai 2. Evacuation has started. region at 16:00 today. Find the nearest meeting The tsunami will hit the ↓ point: Look for green ↓ EWF for Digital Radio Listener Experience – Advanced The advanced text application enables  Multilingual instructions: What happened? / Which area? / What do I need to do? …  Integrated images (SLS or online)  Hot-Button interactivity: links to phone, web, e-mail, SMS  Geo-referencing – defines affected area  Small foot-print  all rx classes

 Serves non-native speakers and the hearing impaired with full instructions instantly EWF Warning – CAP

CAP as source for DRM EWF Warning  EWF Journaline: CAP title, description, general event details, event location/affected area  all relevant languages should be supported  mixed with generic content (prepared)  EWF Text Messages: Event title (up to 128 chars) used as text messages  mixed with generic multi-lingual messages  EWF Audio: Link to audio media file (wav/mp3)  EWF Alarm to receivers: 1. Reconfigures DRM multiplex for EWF program 2. Triggers DRM EWF alarm announcement EWF: Common Alert Protocol

What is CAP – Common Alerting Protocol?  International standard (OASIS) for Dissemination of Emergency Alerts  Used e.g. in the US and India, derivatives in Europe (MoWaS in Germany)

CAP file  XML text file with all relevant event infos  Text description + links to media files (audio)  Serves all channels from single common source

Emergency Warnings on DRM Digital Radio EWF Mockup by RRI Emergency Warnings on DRM Digital Radio Trial by All India Radio (AIR)

Sharad Sadhu Technology Consultant Fraunhofer IIS DRM for Digital FM

• Most recent global digital radio standard in all the VHF bands: Band I, Band II (FM-Band), Band III

General Parameters Frequency Range 47 MHz to 254 MHz RF Channel Bandwidth 96 kHz, conform to FM raster (100kHz nominal) Audio Coding MPEG xHE-AAC, MPEG4 HE-AAC (5.1 surround) Data Rate 37 kbit/s to 186 kbit/s (scalable) Modulation COFDM, 216 carrier Sub-Carrier Modulation 4 QAM / 16 QAM Transmission Power -8 dB to -20 dB to coordinated FM Power Services Up to 3 services plus Multimedia (Audio, Data) . DRM in VHF supports 2 modulation modes and 4 code rates . Wide range of data rates (content capacity) from 37—186 kbit/s  Flexibility in number of services and content  Corresponding with varying levels of transmission signal robustness  Individual trade-off: Coverage – Transmitter Power – Content Capacity DRM (in VHF) Coverage, Minimum Field Strength

• Minimum field strength marks the max. distance from the Transmitter with reception in defined quality ( max. coverage)

Field Strength

Max. Distance Min. Field Strength for reception

Max. Distance Distance

• ITU-R network planning parameters: ITU-R BS.1660-6 ITU-R BS.412-9

DRM 4 QAM DRM 16 QAM FM stereo Cities

Portable Indoor 50,92 dBµV/m 57,01 dBµV/m Not defined

Mobile Outdoor 42,27 dBµV/m 48,41 dBµV/m 74 dBµV/m *)

Stationary Outdoor (10m) 17,32 dBµV/m 24,75 dBµV/m 54 dBµV/m

*) typical planning parameter Single Frequency Networks with DRM

SFN – 2 or more transmitter transmitting 1. the same content (same bit) 2. at the same time 3. on same frequency

Advantage for Listener: • Signals from multiple tx no longer destroy signal (analog FM!), but rather improve reception  SFN Gain • No distortions from reflections and multi-path anymore (guard interval)

Advantages for Broadcasters: • Option to migrate from high-power single-tx to lower-power distributed coverage  cost savings + better coverage • Simple installation of gap-fillers White spots (i.e. signal shielding) – Areas with bad or no reception

City 3 City 1 Region

City 2

Region City 1 City 2

City 3 DRM FM Digital Radio: Case Studies

Indonesia

Field Trials

No: Location Standard Number of Number of Year Transmitter Programme 1. Bogor DRM in AM 1 (AM MW) 3 2015 2. Denpasar DRM in AM 1 (AM MW) 2 2016 3. Batam DRM in FM 1 (B II) 2 2017

Indonesia DRM for FM BAND in Batam 2017

FM DRM FM 105,1 105,25 105,5 MHz MHz MHz

1 Tx – Simulcast

FM DRM FM 105,1 105,25 105,5 MHz MHz MHz Indonesia

• Simulcast analogue FM, DRM transmission

• No interference to nearby FM stations

• Good mobile and indoor reception

• Large coverage area in DRM mode On 10 June 2020, first DRM FM regular transmission started in Banten

DRM FM Txs: Labuan Pantai, Banten Regency, Jawa Timur; 10 June Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi Province, Jawa Timur; 11 June Cilacap, Jawa Tengah, 30 June

Services: DRM FM – 2 audio services (PRO 1, PRO 3), Journaline News Service FM analogue simulcast – one audio service

South Africa

• Kofifi/Wecodec– “community station” in Johannesburg • DRM trial started in March 2017 • Link to Wecodec Report: https://www.drm.org/drm-local- coverage-drm-trial-in-south-africa-final-report-published/ Spectrum in Johannesburg FM Spectrum is full No space for more analogue FM stations South Africa Plenty of Space for DRM • DRM FM system offered 16 gaps for DRM FM broadcasting • Up to 48 additional DRM FM sound services plus data services can be inserted to the current FM spectrum South Africa

Results of Trial in Johannesburg • Proved that DRM signal, inserted between 2 FM signals (250 kHz separation), will not cause interference. • With field strength as much as >71dBμV, both adjacent channels are clear of interference. South Africa DRM FM Trial – Results More in Africa

Significant interest in DRM in Southern Africa in last 2 years DRM tests in AM started or in preparation in several countries SW DRM transmissions in South Africa October 2011, July 2013, April 2014 Increasing number of African countries attracted to DRM broadcasting benefits (such as Mozambique, Botswana, Zambia, Tanzania) • Nigeria adopted DRM and is broadcasting for abroad from Abuja • since March 2012 with increased DRM output since May 2014 • Zambia adopted DRM in 2016 • Botswana installed transmitters for digital AM, domestic broadcasts • Mozambique (adopted DRM), Tanzania showing great interest • Algeria adopted DRM and installed transmitters in 2013 67,46 MHz 94,5 MHz 232 m 200 m Power: 200 W Power: 200 W Antenna hor. beam Omni Antenna hor. beam Omni Horizontal polarization Vertical polarization

June August 2015 Codec AAC , SDC 4/16 QAM Russia

• DRM was adopted by Presidential decree in 2010 • Plans for complete DRM coverage of Russian Federation worked out • DRM in AM tests in 2012-13. - Short Wave trial in North of Russia: 3 transmission sites: Arhangelsk, Novosibirsk and Krasnodar - SFN network to cover large territories: 2 transmission sites in the area of Moscow: Krasnodar (30 kW) and Kaliningrad (15 kW) - Local SFN network in Moscow at 26 MHz: 2 transmission sites : Kurkino (500W) and MTUSI (100W) • Plan for DRM introduction is on. In 2015 and 2019 DRM FM trial conducted in St. Petersburg and interest in DRM roll-out in several parts of Russia Russia

DRM in FM Band Mandated: 2018

https://ria.ru/amp/society/20180911/1528303185.html Radio Pakistan starts DRM FM Digital Radio Test Transmissions

Director General, Radio Pakistan at Broadcasting House in Islamabad New Zealand

• Radio New Zealand International installed a 100 Kw DRM shortwave transmitter, which broadcasts 20 hours per day in DRM

• Used primarily to distribute feeds to Pacific Island broadcasters China

• Since 2016, China restarted DRM shortwave digital broadcasting.

• 7 SW transmitters of 30 kW each distribute throughout the country- upgraded and rebuilt.

• These experimental broadcasts - 79.19 hours a day, cover most areas of North China, East China, South China and Southwest China.

• The Chinese standard of HF digital broadcasting based on DRM is being developed. DRM Radio Receivers

Automotive Desktop Portable

Motor Garages

There is a rush to offer line-fitted auto-DRM Radios in car brands and models Standalone DRM only or DRM Multi-standard receivers DRM Receivers for DRM FM, AM Bands

New generation of low cost, high quality and performance DRM receiver  DRM FM, AM bands  MPEG xHE-AAC stereo  Journaline  EWF – DRM Emergency Warning  Large screen, full-range speaker  USB recording/playback  Selling now On-line

GR-216 Desktop DRM/AM/FM Radio

• Desktop DRM/AM/FM Receiver • Full-band MF/HF and FM • Proven stable reception • DRM Ready in FM band • Journaline Support • xHE-AAC Audio • 4W full range speaker • Program recording

Journaline licensed by Fraunhofer IIS, check www.journaline.info for more information. • 3” Large LCD New receiver • 6 lines of news / contents on one screen GR-22 • Simple and Intuitive UI • Dedicated tuning and volume knob • Most functions are accessible via buttons • Visual impairment friendly • Pocket size: 170mm × 96mm x 40 mm • Sleek and classy design • English, Russian, Chinese display support • Approx. 8 Hours for DRM (Ni-MH batteries) China

GR-22 Portable DRM/AM/FM Radio

• DRM digital radio and AM/FM radio • DRM Ready in FM band • xHE-AAC audio • Journaline and scrolling text message • Emergency warning reception • FM RDS station name display • Auto time update • 30 station memory presets • Auto scan / memory scan tuning • Alarm with sleep timer • Large black backlight LCD display • 4 x AA batteries or AC adapter operated Gospell GR-227 A Digital Radio Car Adaptor compact in size

• DRM on AM band (522 kHz—27 MHz) • DRM for VHF bands ready • AM and FM • Compatible with car/home stereo with USB port • Works with Android Smart Tune App • Supplied with triple band active antenna • 80mm * 60mm * 11mm • In final stages of development Communications Systems Inc.

Avion AV DR1401 Full DRM feature set Available now

 The company announced a over 50% reduction in price to less than US$ 89 + taxes  Planning to introduce further low cost DRM receivers Can be ordered on Alibaba.com https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/DRM-DAB- Digital-Radio-Receiver_11547499.html New receiver

• Smart LCD Display • AM/FM/DRM Receiver: - AM/FM reception with digital IF processing - Very high dynamic range built-in IF-ADC - Multipath noise mitigation processing - AM Bands: MW 522-1602kHz, SW 2300-27000kHz full band digital tuning - FM Band: 64-108MHz (FM analogue from 87.5 MHz; RDS) - DRM: Both AM and FM Bands - Including latest xHE-AAC Audio Codec - Journaline advanced text - Emergency Warning Functionality (EWF) DRM (All Bands) Receiver Prototype the work goes on

· Standalone multi-standard radio receiver · Reception of DRM30, DRM+ , FM stereo · DAB+ (if required) · Colour graphics display (optional) W23 · Including WiFi and Bluetooth interface · Journaline · End consumer price below 50 USD

Titus II

SDR receiver by Titus SDR

• MultimediaPlayer Radio App on Android tablet • Support for DRM (AM and VHF), DAB(+), FM (with RDS), AM (with AMSS) • Full DRM feature set: Journaline, EWF, Slideshow, EPG/SPI, … • Wi-Fi Hotspot feature: receive DRM with any device that has a web browser

• Fine tuning being done  Manufacturer ready for local partnerships Receiver Solutions

Inntot Technologies India

Automotive Segment (DRM in AM Band) Inntot Receiver solution for DRM in AM Band licensed to multiple customers. These include Telechips Inc (a major automotive chip maker based in South Korea), Clarion and other Tier-1 companies.

Desktop Radio Segment (DRM in AM Band; DRM in FM Band) Inntot is manufacturing reference radio (Supporting DRM in AM and FM bands and the legacy analogue radio standards FM, AM) in limited numbers. Controller/Host processor: from Telechips Tuner: from NXP Semiconductors First lot with DRM in AM and FM bands along with AM and FM will be ready by November 2019.

Smart Phone Segment (DRM in FM band) Inntot DRM Receiver solution in FM band using Android smart phones; DRM reception is achieved using external USB tuner. Mobile Phone Solutions

DRM Receiver Solution with built-in Wi-Fi hotspot to serve tablets and mobiles A Selection of Consortium Members DRM Handbook Version 5

Free download from:

handbook.drm.radio