LI E TY A MAGAZINE OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

Photo by Holsinger MONTICELLO - HOME OF THOMAS JEFFERSON "AMERICANISM —WHAT IS IT? " Page 76 TWENTY CENTS A COPY WASHINGTON, a C. 110•1••1411.11•41•N arliginug iiihrrtg ABsociation DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES 1. We believe in God, in the Bible as the word of God, and in the separation of church and state as taught by Jesus Christ. 2. We believe that the ten commandments are the law of God, and that they comprehend man's whole duty to God and man. 3. We believe that the religion of Jesus Christ is founded in the law of love of God, and needs no human power to support or enforce it. Love cannot be forced. 4. We believe in civil government as divinely ordained to protect men in the enjoyment of their natural rights and to rule in civil things, and that in this realm it is entitled to the respectful obedience of all. 5. We believe it is the right, and should be the privilege, of ever• individual to worship or not to worship, according to the dictates of his own conscience, provided that in the exercise of this right he respects the equal rights of others. 6. We believe that all religious legislation tends to unite church and state, is subversive of human rights, persecuting in character, and opposed to the best inter- ests of both church and state. 7. We believe, therefore, that it is not within the province of civil government to legislate on religious questions. 8. We believe it to be our duty to use every lawful and honorable means to pre- vent religious legislation, and oppose all movements tending to unite church and state, that all may enjoy the inestimable blessings of civil and religious liberty. g. We believe in the inalienable and constitutional right of free speech, free press, peaceable assembly, and petition. to. We also believe in temperance, and regard the liquor traffic as a curse to society. For further information regarding the principles of this association, address the Religious Liberty Association, Takprria Park, Washington, D. C. (secretary, C. S. Longacre), or any of the affiliated Organizations given below:

AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS

Atlantic Religious Liberty Association (affil- North Pacific Religious Liberty Association (af- iated organizations in Maine, Vermont, Massachu- filiated organizations in Oregon, Washington, setts, New Hampshire, New York, Connecticut, Idaho, Montana, and Alaska) : Office, College Place, and Rhode Island) : Office, South Lancaster, Mass.; Wash.: secretary, H. G. Thurston. secretary, E. K. Slade. Pacific Religious Liberty Association (affiliated Eastern Canadian Religious Liberty Association organizations in California, Nevada, Utah, and (affiliated organizations in New Brunswick, Nova Arizona) : Secretary, W. F. Martin, 421 North Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, and Newfoundland) : Of- Isabel St., Glendale, Calif. fice, Oshawa, Ontario ; secretary, F. W. Stray. Southeastern Religious Liberty Association (af- Central States Religious Liberty Association (af- filiated organizations in Florida, Georgia, North filiated organizations in Kansas, Nebraska, Mis- Carolina, and South Carolina) : Office, 224-228 souri, Colorado, and Wyoming) : Office, College First National Bank Bldg., Chattanooga, Tenn. ; View, Nebr. ; secretary, S. E. Wight. secretary, W. H. Heckman. Southern Religious Liberty Association (affil- Columbia Religious Liberty Association (affil- iated organizations in Alabama, Kentucky, Ten- iated organizations in Pennsylvania, Ohio, New nessee, Louisiana, and Mississippi) : Office, 2006 Jersey, Virginia, West Virginia. Delaware. and 24th Ave. N., Nashville, Tenn.; secretary, G. W. Maryland) : Office, 3621 Rutherford St., Harris- Wells. burg. Pa. ; secretary, F. H. Robbins. Southwestern Religious Liberty Association (af- Lake Religious Liberty Association (affiliated filiated organizations in Arkansas, Oklahoma, organizations in Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Texas, and New Mexico) : Office, 518-519 Ter- Wisconsin) : Office, Berrien Springs, Mich.; sec- minal Bldg., Oklahoma City, Okla. ; secretary, retary, S. B. Horton, 812 Steger Bldg., Chicago, Ill. Morris Lukens.

Northern Religious Liberty Association (affil- Western Canadian Religious Liberty Association iated organizations in Minnesota. Iowa, North (affiliated organizations in Alberta, British Co- Dakota, and South Dakota) : Office 2718 Third lumbia. Manitoba, and Saskatchewan) : Office, 201 Ave., South, Minneapolis, Minn.; secretary, E. T. I. 0. 0. F. Building, Calgary, Alberta; secretary, Russell. A. C. Gilbert.

• ' Proclaim libeity throughout all theland unto all the inhabitants thereof.- Leviticus 25 io. 'n.

Published quarterly by the REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSN., TAKOMA PARK, WASHINGTON, D. C.

VOL. XIX THIRD QUARTER, 1924 NO. 3

CHARLES S. LONGACRE, Editor CALVIN P. BOLLMAN. Managing Editor WILLIAM F. MARTIN, Associate Editor

CONTENTS

Mo NT I( ELLO Cover Design

ONE. OF THE BEAUTIFUL RooMs AT MONTICELLO Frontispiece

MONTICELLO 67

AMERICA'S HUGUENOT-WALLOON INHERITANCE 70

THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION 72

AMERICANISM — WHAT IS IT? 76

WILL THE CHURCHES ABOLISH WAR? 78 • THE OREGON SCHOOL DECISION 80

THE BIBLE AND THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS 82

" RELIGIOUS TESTS BARRED IN NEW JERSEY " 87 '

NOTE AND COMMENT 88 ---,— DRASTIC SUNDAY BILL INTRODUCED INTO CONGRESS 95

" RELIGION BY LAW " 96

Entered as second-class matter May 1, 1906, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under the Act of Congress of March 3. 1879. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Sec. 1103, Act of Oct. 3, 1917, authorized on June 22, 1918.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES.— One year, 35 cents; three years (or 3 subscriptions, 1 year), $1.00; five or more copies, mailed by publishers to five addresses or to one address, postpaid, each, 9 cents. No subscrip- tion for less than one year received. Remit by Post Office Money Order (payable at Washington, D. C., post office), Express Order, or Draft on New York. Cash should be sent in Registered Letter. When a change of address is desired, both old and new addresses must be given. No extra charge to foreign countries. One of the Beautiful Rooms at Monticello

1 ' Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." Leviticus 25. io. g' apt

VOL. XIX THIRD QUARTER, 1924 W.; 3 MONTICELLO A Memorial RIENDS: It tO Independence has is a pleasure as yet no adequate Fto me to be memorial. In Mon- heard by you this Thomas Jefferson* ticello, the home he evening, a n d to dreamed of as a speak a word By child and designed through this far-reaching, Cuno H. Rudolph as a man, and builded magical medium in behalf with no architect but him- of so good a cause as the Chairman, District s -lf and no laborers but preservation of that rare of Columbia his own slaves, the propel• old house in Virginia, Board of Commissioners memorial is found. " All Monticello, the home of my wishes end here I Thomas Jefferson, soon to become an hope my days may eLd," he said, " at everlasting memorial to his name and the Monticello." veneration in which it is held by his Monticello does not have to be built countrymen. up as many old places rich in Most of our outstanding historic association, must be; Americans have been ade- it is there in excellent condi- quately honored by their tion, already stored with grateful successors in Ameri- priceless relics of its great can citizenship. Statesmen, master; the moment for its generals, admirals, are com- acquisition has arrived. It memorated in statuary, and will be a source of inspiration many noble utilitarian insti- and interest to Americans as tutions and rare and beauti- well as to all visitors to our ful structures keep before the shores, as the birthplace of nation the names and serv- Jeff erson some of our greatest national ices of our great ones who policies, as the example of the have passed on to the great beyond. gracious hospitality and dignified home But the author of the Declaration of life of our ancestors, and as a model which our countrymen well may bear in • From an address delivered by District Commis- sioner Rudolph, the evening of February 26, and mind. broadcast from station WRC, Washington, D. C.. and heard by many thousands of people, not only in In one of his last addresses before a the District of Columbia and immediate vicinity, but Washington audience, our late Presi- by many in more distant places. It is not only s worthy tribute to the memory of the author of the dent, Mr. Harding, on the occasion of Declaration of Independence, but its WO r .firpr t .r honors the orator of the occasion as well the unveiling of the statue of Alexander 67 68 LIBERTY

Monticello, the Home of Thomas Jefferson Hamilton, south of the Treasury Depart- to the world. His conception of human ment, made a most significant statement. brotherhood is deathlessly embodied in He said : the Declaration of Independence. His " In face of the threatening and dis- idea of freedom antedated the Emanci- integrating influences of the present pation Proclamation by nearly a hun- times, tendencies which are sapping the dred years, for he went on record early strength of all nations, no nation can in his public life as desiring to abolish hope to endure that is not founded upon human slavery, holding it an unethical civic and religious freedom." and enervating institution. And the civic and religious liberty en- His broad conception of religion, as joyed today throughout our country, the every man's own, according to the indi- safeguards thus thrown around our in- vidual heart and conscience, and not to stitutions, are largely the inspiration of be prescribed by any man for another, Thomas Jefferson. gave us first the statute for religious Into our minds have entered the freedom in Virginia, and thence (Vir- thoughts of Thomas Jefferson ; we as a ginia having been almost without definite people have assimilated them, regardless boundaries at that time) for all Amer- of political creeds or religious faiths, ica. Though it was urged upon him to and they have become the very part, and limit this statute to the various Chris- parcel of the fabric of our social life tian denominations, he stood firm in un- and of our personal opinions ; so much conquerable courage, that a man's reli- so that we have ceased to recognize the gion must be a thing of his own choice, source, just as we fail to acknowledge the and that as our country expanded and strength of which we are conscious to- Orientals and Israelites and all sorts and day, as having any connection with the nationalities of men sought our protec- bread which nourished us yesterday. tion, each should find in this land of It is thus that all great minds stim- freedom that same religious liberty in ulate the minds of others, penetrating search of which our pioneer and Pilgrim silently and surely, as air and sun- ancestors had faced an unknown sea. shine, contributing generously and per- Thomas Jefferson, anathematized as an manently to the well-being of mankind. atheist, must have known that the teach- From whatever angle we consider ings of Christ would have their full op- Thomas Jefferson, he was a benefactor portunity, by precept and example, to LIBERI Y 69 win all to His fold, and his own deep dear old calf-bound books, collected with interest in the teachings of Christ was much taste and care, are to be seen to- demonstrated in that convincing labor of day, brought as they were over the hills scholarship and love, entitled, " The Say- from Monticello so many years ago. ings of Jesus "— commonly called the My friends : Jefferson Bible. He arranged, with scis- If the Declaration of Independence sors and paste, the means anything to text of the words you — of Christ, cutting If the religious them from the two freedom of Amer- Bibles necessary to ica means anything the work, and past- to you — ing them in a blank If the promotion book, which in of agriculture later years t h e means anything to Congress o f the you — United States is- sued in facsimile, If the encourage- photographically, ment of education and distributed as means anything to rare treasures you — among a chosen If the love of lit- few. erature means any- The University thing to you — of Virginia w a s If the architec- designed and tural beauty of this founded by him, capital of the and the first pub- United States, in lic school in Wash- which you live, ington was opened © Harris & Lwing means anything to by his consent and Commissioner Cuno H. Rudolph you, now is the op- under his patronage, opened in his pri- portunity to prove it — come forward vate carriage house, no other building and do your personal share, and pay being at that moment available. the debt of your children and their His private library is the nucleus of children to the memory of Thomas the Congressional Library, and there the Jefferson.

JEFFERSON was a keen politician, lies buried Thomas Jefferson, author of though no speaker ; a man of great learn- the Declaration of Independence, of the ing and fine scholarly as well as scien- Statute of Virginia for Religious Free- tific attainments, and in conversation dom, and father of the University of extremely attractive. His house was the Virginia." Mr. Jefferson regarded slav- resort of learned men of his own country ery as a moral and political evil, and did and of Europe. In person he was tall much to alleviate its hardships.. . . and slender, with sandy hair, florid com- Few men have exerted as much in- plexion in his youth, and brilliant gray fluence in establishing the free institu- eyes, a little inclined to brown. He was tions of the United States as Thomas buried in a family cemetery near his Jefferson. He adopted for the motto of house at Monticello, and over his grave his private seal that of Oliver Crom- is a granite monument bearing the in- well, " Rebellion to tyrants is obedience scription, written by himself, and found to God."— Harper's "Encyclopedia of among his papers after his death, " Here United States History," Vol. V. In part, this picture tells the pathetic story of the sufferings of the Huguenots, thousands of whom were hunted like wild beasts and slaughtered, or driven into exile, for their firm and beautiful faith in the redeeming sacrifice of the Son of Cod. Much that France and the Low Countries lost by the martyrdom and exile of the Huguenots, the American colonies gained, for not a little that is noblest and best in the citizenry of the United States today was inherited from a Huguenot ancestry.

America's Huguenot-Walloon Inheritance

By HE story of Capt. Writing in the Homiletic John Smith and the Calvin P. Bollman Review for May, 1924, Wil- Tcolony planted at liam Elliot Griffis, D. D., Jamestown, Va., in 1607, is familiar to L. H. D., after showing that the Atlantic every American. The same is true of the coast was settled in three great sections, coming of the Pilgrims to these shores northern, central, and southern, says : in 1620, but less is known of the part " In the South the bulk of the population played by Walloons and Huguenots in was British, with a large French Huguenot in- the settlement and development of the fusion. Contrasting notably with such com- American colonies, which later became parative homogeneity in these two sections, the great Federal Republic, the United there were in the middle region (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware) no States, modeled so closely after the pat- fewer than seventeen nationalities, and these tern of the Dutch republic that in 1780 mostly not from the British Isles, but from the John Adams said: " The originals of the European continent. In a word, the New two are so much alike, that a chapter Netherland area was in its ethnic composition from the one seems like a transcript from a mirror of the Dutch republic. All law-abiding immigrants of every nation were welcome under the other." Ten years later Benjamin the Dutch flag; as Bradford the Pilgrim wrote, Franklin called the Netherlands " our ' religion was free for all men.' From a popula great' (`sample." tion of 800,000 in 1567, the seven United States 70 I 13 11 1 71 of the Netherlands had, by 1624, a population It was to Holland that the Pilgrims of nearly three millions. first fled from persecution in England, " Traditionally, New York and the Middle before coming to America, and it is States wore settled by the Dutch. To affirm that its first home-makers were Walloons, or worthy of note that these same Pilgrims French-speaking Belgic folk, seems to jar were much more tolerant and their gov- rudely the feelings of some patriots. Yet it ernment much more liberal, than were is a fact that the first real colonists in the the Puritans who founded the Massachu- middle region, between the Delaware and the setts Bay Colony ten years later, drove Hudson,— not fishermen, explorers, fur traders, or temporary visitors, but home-makers coming Roger Williams into the wilderness, to stay, to till the soil, and to have homes, whipped and mutilated Baptists and churches, and schools,— were, most of them, Quakers, and hanged witches, and estab- speakers of French, who were yet Netherland- lished a man-made theocracy which sur- ers, coming under the Dutch flag and its pro- tection: " vived the Declaration of Independence, the Revolutionary War, and even the Many of the refugee Dutch and adoption of our national Constitution, French speaking l'rotestants who fled a theocracy which might be alive today, to these shores from the persecution lo or might even be revived on a nation- which they were subjected in Europe, wide scale were it not for the Huguenot found homes and freedom of worship in and Walloon spirit that still lives in so the New World. As suggested by the many American bosoms, and which still writer quoted demands freedom above: for which the peo- " Possibly, even of ple of three cen- the fifty thousand or turies ago dared so Huguenots of France who reached all sorts of hard- America between 1660 ship, even death it- And 1700, one half self. were from the old If the tercente- Belgic territory seized by Louis XIV, incor- nary celebration of porated into France, the settling in New and now constituting Netherlands of the Department du Walloons (French Nord — the richest next to that of the and Belgium Hu- Seine." guenots) shall re- Lack of space vive in the hearts, forbids even an at- not only of their tempt at a general descendants, but of historical sketch of the American peo- the settlement of ple generally, that Huguenots a n d love of civil and Walloons in Amer- religious liberty ica, but it is safe for which the to say that we owe Protestants of the to them quite as continent of Eu- rope suffered so much for the reli- The Round Tomer of Constance gious liberty we much three hun- enjoy today as to any other influence, 01' dred years ago, it will have proved well indeed as much as to all other human worth the all it has cost. influences combined. The American This celebration, with headquarters in people will not soon forget that Theo- New York, began in April with com- dore Roosevelt. both ethnologically and memorative church services in which all religiously, was a Huguenot. ((.'einetuded an page 87) Old City Hall in Philadelphia, Where the Earlier Sessions or the Supreme Court Were Held The Federal Constitution The Greatest Document on Political Science HE United an unreasonable States Con- hostility that dis- Tstitution is "the By covers a reactionary greatest contribution Judge Cyrus Simmons tendency. They to political science." would. deny the Court It is a monument to the right to pass upon the statesmanship and wisdom of our Constitutional questions. That right is fathers. Under its beneficent influence, conferred by implication and by the log- merit enjoys the privilege of opportunity ical powers functionally belonging to and the reward of industry. that high tribunal. The science "of logic The Supreme Court and law would be outraged if any other Recalcitrants are nosing to the surface power were to determine what " laws of and assailing the Supreme Court with the United States " are " made in pur- 72 LIBER1 Y 73 suance to the Constitution." Deny this ing the Court the right to appellate ju- right, and laws repugnant to the Con- risdiction in cases involving Constitu- stitution would be multiplied till that tional questions. Thus the voice of jus- instrument would be lost sight of and tice would be silenced and the ears of the legislated away. Court stopped in many important cases. A Five-to-Four Opinion How successful these restless controver- Objections have been registered to a sialists may yet be in persuading Con- five-to-four opinion on Constitutional gress thus to strangle the Court in ap- questions, and a seven-to-two opinion is pellate cases remains to be seen. demanded. In the latter, cases may Usurpation arise when more confidence would be re- In the history of the government, com- posed in the opinion of three justices as plaints have been heard of the usurpa- to what laws are Constitutional than in tion of the Executive, usurpation of the the opinion of six justices as to what Judiciary, and usurpation of the Con- laws are unconstitutional. The Consti- gress. The public mind is very sensi- tution would be at the dangerous mercy tive and alert to detect and oppose usur- of a minority rule. The dog that pations by any of these departments of dropped the bone to grab at its shadow the Government. while crossing the stream lost both. A A certain class are advocating a Con- measure like this aimed at the Court, gressional veto. If the Supreme Court hits the Constitution, and measurably should decide a certain law to be uncon- affects both. stitutional, this class wish the Congress In our democratic republican form of to have the power to re-enact the law as government the majority rules. Great a Congressional veto over the decision of national and State questions have been the Court, and make it valid and ef- settled by a bare majority. Some of the fective. This proceeding, which some are States adopted the Constitution by a pleased to call a " veto," would be usur- small majority. The mistakes of the pation. It would mean an encroachment majority are to be preferred to the on the functions belonging to the Court, violence of mobocracy. Government and an enlargement and centralization by representation speaks the voice of of supreme power in the Congress. the majority, preserves the spirit of Americanism, and avoids the despotism F .., of the autocrat and the passions of the mob. • Appellate Jurisdiction The Congress is empowered to make " exceptions " and " regulations " per- taining to the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. The Constitution evidently contemplates a friendly and co-operative exercise of this power. A simmering sentiment is warming into notice which advocates a measure deny-

John Jay

First Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court

NM. 74 LIBERI Y

The Constitution provides that: • All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Con- gress of the United States." No power " herein granted " can be found in the Constitution giving to the Congress the right to construe a law after it is made. If a Con- gressional veto is conferred upon the Congress, that body would thereby have the last word in the construction of a law, and it would be a higher power than the Court itself in the transaction of judicial business that Constitutionally be- longs to that tribunal. By the mul- tiplication and enforcement of statutes in contravention to the Constitution, that sacred covenant of rights will be legislated out of existence by destroying enactments that will possibly result in a veri- table state suicide. Mistakes The alleged mistakes of the Court are paraded before the people as an excuse for increasing the powers of the Congress and for the appoint- " I see four men . . . in the midst of the ftre, . . . and the ment of that body as a guardian for form of the fourth is like the Son of Cod." the Court. If mistakes would jus- tify elimination, which branch of the prejudice of politicians, and the Machia- Government would be left to complain vellism of its enemies. against the others ? The Dartmouth College, the Dred Untrammeled Court Scott, and the Income Tax cases, with The consensus of opinion of our fa- others, are criticized, and the Court is thers was that the executive, the legis- innuendoed in a spirit that is not lative and the judicial must be kept sep- friendly. arate for the preservation of civil and If the Court should refuse to hear Con- religious rights. Madison expressed stitutional questions, would there not be himself without reservation : " The accu- some who would want to impeach the mulation of powers, legislative, execu- justices for misfeasance or nonfeasance tive, and judicial, in the same hands, in office? When the Court hears Consti- whether of one, or few, or many, whether tutional questions and the decision runs hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, counter to the opinion of these objectors, may justly be pronounced the very defi- they thereupon seek for a measure that nition of tyranny." TTistory verifies this will nullify the judgment of the Court statement. or make it a joke. The three Hebrew worthies refused to May the Judiciary be preserved in its fall down and worship the image of gold Constitutional security,— free, separate. of the king of Babylon because the law and independent. May it always remain of God forbade them. They were Ben- safe from the passions of partisans. thy teneed to he hound and onc:1 into the LIBERTY 75

The next morning he told the King : " My God hath sent His angel, and hath shut the lions' mouths, that they have not hurt me." Daniel regarded the law of God more binding on his conscience than the law of the land. He was mi- raculously delivered. Darius the king was deceived into making the law, as a result of a conspiracy. He judged it because of its alleged immutability, and executed it against his will. In this case a rev- elation is made of the insecurity of religious and civil rights when these three • powers are accumulated in one hand, even though the monarch, as in this instance, was not a tyrant. Without a trial, and on suspi- cion, innocent people were thrown into the Bastille, where they were left to languish and die. An infu- riated mob stormed and razed the cruel prison house because religious and civil rights were not safe while it remained. Louis XVI ignored the petitions " My Cod hath sent His angel, and hath shut of his subjects. He was seen rid- the lions mouths." ing the tumbrel to the place of exe- fiery furnace. When the king saw that cution, where the people refused to hear they did not burn, he exclaimed : " Lo, him. After a desperate struggle he was I see four men loose, walking in the bound and guillotined, and the head of midst of the fire, and they have no hurt ; a king was thrown at the feet of tyrants. and the form of the fourth is like the Following the Freimh Revolution and Son of God." the Reign of Terror the kingdom of The king made the law as a world France was supplanted by the republic monarch, judged it in his great fury, and of France. An untrammeled court executed it in the spirit of a tyrant. All judges the laws and the people are given these powers were accumulated in his a hearing. own hand, and he was rebuked by high Liberty Heaven for disregarding religious free- Projected on the canvas of time were dom, and the world is given an example the tyrannies and usurpations of the of the outrages that are possible when past. Intolerance wrote the history of the government has not an independent the Dark Ages in characters of blood. court, and when these three powers are Millions of martyrs ensanguined its not kept separate. pages. The union of church and state Daniel, as his custom was, prayed made possible the Inquisition, invented three times daily to the God of heaven. its instruments of torture, and built the This was in violation of the law of the Chambers of Horrors. Our fathers vis- Medes and Persians. The king com- ualized this revolting perspective, and manded that he be cast into the den determined that religious persecution of lions, where he remained all night. (Concluded on page 87) AMERICANISM What Is It?

By CCORDING to the memorialists said this : Christian States- C. P. Bollman " We remonstrate against A man, which has the said bill because we hold started a new, or a renewed, drive for its it for a fundamental and undeniable truth, so-called amendment to the American That religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator, and the manner of discharging it, Constitution, Americanism is that brand can be directed only by reason and conviction, of political religion that would make not by force or violence.' The religion, then, of Christianity the official religion of this every man must be left to the conviction and country, and the will of Jesus Christ, as conscience of every man; and it is the right interpreted by the National Reform As- of every man to exercise it as these may dic- tate." sociation, " the supreme law of the land." But such is certainly not Americanism And again these petitioners objected as understood and intended by the to the proposed legislation, founders of the American Republic. The " Because it is proper to• take alarm at the first experiment upon our liberties. We hold intention of " the lawmaker is the law." this prudent jealousy to be the first duty of James Madison and George Washington citizens, and one of the noblest characteristics were both members of the convention of the late Revolution. The freemen of America that framed the Consti- did not wait till usurped tution of the United power had strengthened it- self by exercise, and entan- States, and it was cer- gled the questions in prec- tainly not the intention edents. They saw all the of either of them to give consequences in the prin- the general government ciple, and they avoided the consequences by denying the any religious character. principle. We revere this The treaty with Trip- lesson too much soon to for- oli, entered into by this get it. Who does not see government when that the same authority George Washington was which can establish Chris- tianity, in exclusion of all President, sets forth as other religions, may estab- a fundamental fact that lish, with the same ease, any " the government of the particular sect of Christians, United States of Amer- in exclusion of all ether ica is not, in any sense, sects? " founded on the Chris- The First Amendment tian religion." George Washington to our national Consti- Mr. Madison's memo- First in war, first in peace, tution was written and first in the hearts of his introduced by Mr. Mad- rial to the legislature of countrymen... Virginia, circulated and ison, and it is this pro- extensively signed by Christian people vision that for all these years has stood during the year 1785, was a remon- in the way of the National Reform pro- strance against a proposed measure " es- gram, and which they are again seeking tablishing a provision for teachers of to nullify by their proposed amendment. the Christian religion." In that pro- For several years following the so- test, James Madison and his many fellow called Christian nation decision of Feb. 76 LIBERT Y 77

29, 1892, delivered by Mr. Justice only a part, but the all-important part Brewer, we heard little of the proposed of our national Constitution. " Christian amendment." The reason Nor is it intended that this change was that the " reformers," mistaking would be a mere form of words; far from obiter dictum for decision, supposed that it; it is intended to be exceedingly prac- they had practically gained their point, tical. In the fifth National Reform con- and that they could vention, held in Pitts- move right along re- burgh, Pa., February, modeling the govern- 1874, Prof. C. A. Blan- ment according to their chard, in an address on own ideas. But the " The Conflict of Law," event proved that a ma- an address which was jority in both, houses of received most enthusi- Congress were old fash- astically, occurred this ioned enough to insist statement : that the First Amend- " Constitutional laws pun- ment was still in force, ish for false money, weights, forbidding not only the and measures, and of course Congress establishes a stand- establishment of a state ard for money, weight, and religion, but prohibiting measure. So Congress must likewise the passage of establish a standard of re- any law interfering with ligion, or admit anything the free exercise of re- James Madison called religion, as it already ligion. The free exercise of religion, has the Oneida Community according to the dictates of con- in New York, the Mormons Now, therefore, the science, is something which every in Utah, and the Joss House "reformers" have man may demand as a right.- in California." launched a new drive Just how much such for their proposed amendment, reading an avowal means, coming from the lips as follows : of a prominent National Reformer, we " We, the people of the United States, de- can best judge from such utterances as voutly recognizing the authority and law of this by Rev. E. B. Graham in a speech Jesus Christ, the Saviour and King of nations, before a National Reform convention in and desiring to form a more perfect Union, York, Nebr., reported in the Christian establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, Statesman, provide for the common defense, promote the official organ of the associa- general welfare, and secure the blessings of tion, May 21, 1885: liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do or- " We might add, in all justice, If the op- dain and establish this Constitution for the ponents of the Bible do not like our govern- United States of America." ment and its Christian features, let them go to some wild, desolate land, and in the name of The words printed in italics constitute the devil, and for the sake of the devil, sub- the new matter, and, as its protagonists due it, and set up a government of their own intend, would completely change the on infidel and atheistic ideas; and then if they nature of our government. Instead of can stand it, stay there till they die." being " atheistic," as they now style our That this means all that it says, and Constitution, it would then be " Chris- even more, is evident from this statement tian ; " and instead of the Constitution made by the Christian Statesman, con- itself being the fundamental law of the cerning a number of Congressmen who, land, " the law of Jesus Christ " would on Sunday, Dec. 4, 1870, journeyed by become the legal touchstone by which rail from Philadelphia to Washington : all our legislation would be tested. In "1. Not one of those men who thus violated short, the Sacred Scriptures, as under- the Sabbath is fit to hold any official position stood and expounded by the National in a Christian nation. . . . He who violates Reformers, would become practically not (Concluded on page 86) The Royal Palace at Stockholm, Sweden Will the Churches Abolish War? By Leon A. Smith

NNOUNCEMENT is made by the this and other countries concerned with press that a plan is on foot to this projected conference, we can only A hold a conference of all the Chris- guess; but today, when civilization seems tian churches, at Stockholm, in the year to be crumbling, and confusion, distress, 1925, " to find a practical way to apply and apprehension have seized upon the the teachings of Christ to the problems nations as never before in human history, that today confront every Christian the civilized world is ready to listen to nation." any plan which promises a restoration Commenting with approval upon this of normal conditions. The chief obstacle project, the Los Angeles Times says edi- in the way is the persistence of the spirit torially : of war among the nations. Every organ- " It's rather an odd reflection that nations, ization of society save one has attempted professedly Christian, have waited for two to solve the problem of banishing this thousand years before attempting to make a spirit from the world, or of keeping it practical application of the principles taught them by the Founder of their religion. . . . under restraint. Peace leagues, peace Some hard-headed leaders of the Christian conferences, international treaties, mili- world have reached the conclusion, after 2,000 tary leagues, socialism, and organized la- years of study and contemplation of Christian- bor have presented their remedies for ity, it might not be a bad idea to apply its the trouble, and all have failed. The principles to social and international and in- dustrial conditions. one exception is the church ; and now it " That is to say, to put Christianity to work appears that the church is getting ready in its shirt sleeves instead of preserving it in to speak and present her program for moth balls to be exhibited in a glass case on world peace. And that program, it is the first day of the week only. . . . Every one safe to say, will not omit religion from will wish the Stockholm conference ' Godspeed,' and at least hope it may usher in a practical its provisions. Christian era. It is really the only workable Is it true, as the Times editor asserts, plan for abolishing war." that " nations, professedly Christian, How far this utterance of the Times have waited for two thousand years be- expresses the sentiment of the people of fore attempting to make a practical ap- 78 LIBERTY 79

plication of the principles taught them birth of Christ. " Thou shalt call 11is by the Founder of their religion "1 Any name Jesus," the angel said, " for He one who will read the history of Europe shall save His people from their sins." during the Dark Ages, will find that the Matt. 1: 21. So far as this life is con- vast majority of the people were during cerned, salvation from sin is the only • that period under the absolute domina- thing that Christianity aims to accom- tion of the church. The popes, the cardi- plish. And this fact limits the applica- nals, the bishops, and the priests, exer- tion of Christianity to individuals; for cised political as well as spiritual con- people can be saved from sin only as in- trol, and both the lives of individuals divirl dals. His people, says the text, are and the policy of nations were shaped to be saved from their sins; that is, each by their authority. Certainly there was persr n is to be saved from his own sins. something very practical about all that. He is not promised salvation from any But it was practical in the wrong direc- other person's sins. No matter how he tion. Its effect was to blight instead of may be affected by some other person's to bless. The Founder of the Christian wrong-doing, or how much he may pre- religion was not responsible for this. fer salvation from that to salvation from The responsible ones were those who his own failings, Christianity gives him brought about a union of religion with no assurance that he will be saved from the civil power, for the purpose, pro- any adverse conditions outside his own fessedly, of making Christianity apply heart. He is not promised salvation in an effective way to social, interna- from sickness, from poverty, from perse- tional, and industrial conditions, just as cution, or from obnoxious conditions in it is proposed to do now. society, in industry, or in the govern- It would seem that people today have ment. And when Christianity saves in- so long neglected their Bibles that they dividuals from their sins, it is doing all have quite lost sight of the purpose of that God has undertaken to do for the the Christian religion. That purpose world, and is making itself as practical was announced by the angel who spoke as it ever was or could be. to Joseph concerning the approaching (Concluded on page 86)

/Vnrernrifnrmith Wori1.4ing in IR. F,,,••1 1,v Nivisl The Oregon School Decision Measure Declared Unconstitutional By W. F. Martin ORE or less has been said in whether parochial or private, is not a property right, and the right of parents and guardians these columns regarding a law to send their children and wards to such schools M enacted in Oregon in the au- as they may desire, if not in conflict with law- tumn of 1922. This law directed all ful requirements, is a privilege they inherently parents, guardians, and those having are entitled to enjoy. " There is a limit to the manner these [po- charge of children under the age of six- lice] powers may be exercised by the State. teen and over the age of eight, to send They cannot be exercised arbitrarily and des- such children to a public school for the potically, nor unless there exists a reasonable full term of such school where the child relation between the character of the legis- resided. Exceptions to this were where lation and the policy to be subserved. " No one has advanced the argument that such children to a public school for the teaching by these schools is harmful, or that grades, where they were incapacitated, their existence with the privilege of teaching and under certain conditions were taught in the grammar grades is a menace, or of by private teachers. vicious potency, to the State or the community at large, and there appears no plausible or The purpose of the law — and it was sound reason why they should be eliminated so worded — was that it looked to the from taking part in the primary education of closing of all private and church schools. the youth." The ultimate functioning of the law was These are certainly noble and stately postponed until Sept. 1, 1926. The law, sentiments, and should be carefully however, was having an influence on the heeded. The rights of parenthood are operations of private and church schools inherent. Next to God, the parental in the State. Oftentimes, guardians of rights supersede all others. Above all children desired to place their children other rights, that of teaching a child the in private schools for a term of years. love of his father's God stands for the Expecting such schools to be closed parent. This is an inalienable right. soon, this would not be done. Then Try as he may, the parent cannot escape again, these schools found it hard, under this responsibility. He may shun this the circumstances, to find friends to duty, but in the end, will be responsible. rally to their support. Consequently the This being true, of course, it stands to matter was taken into court. After reason that no autocratic power, whether studying the question, and listening to exercised by a single individual, by men the arguments of opposing counsel, the gathered in a legislative body, or by a Federal District Court gave its decision, popular vote, can ever by lawful means declaring the law unconstitutional, and deprive the parent of this right. Tyr- enjoining the State government from anny may invade this right, and trample enforcing it. it underfoot, but justice still confirms it. Some statements from the court in We are glad the court met the issue rendering this decision are worthy of a squarely, and handed down such a clear place among the State papers of our decision, not only setting aside this un- nation. They ring with the melody of just measure, but in doing so, enunciated true Americanism. The readers of LIB- so clearly the principles of true liberty ERTY will be interested in the following and the rights of mankind. It is to be excerpts from this decision. hoped, if the case is appealed, the Su- " It can scarcely be contended that com- preme Court will uphold this worthy de- plainants' right to carry on their schools, cision. 80 LIBERTY 81

Cause for Increased Lawlessness and the saving of the people en masse by religious legislation. The preaching CCORDING to statistics which and teaching of the divine law is aban- have been submitted to the gov- doned, and human laws and interpreta- A ernment, lawlessness is greatly on tions are substituted for it. Many of the increase. It may be that more people the churches are handing the problem of are being arrested because of a stricter church discipline over to the police de- enforcement of the law by public offi- partments and the civil magistrate. Re- cials than formerly. At any rate, the ligion by law is becoming a fad among arrests for crime are increasing. If the political preachers. The churches crime itself is increasing, which un- are consolidating and federating in doubtedly is the case, there is a cause mighty combinations for the sole pur- for it. pose of bringing pressure to bear upon Hon. George Holden Tinkham, of Congressmen and to intimidate by threat Massachusetts, dealt with this question, of defeat at the polls. When political and we take the following remarks from preachers declare that the divine law the Congressional Record of April 15: is not to be accepted as God wrote it, and " Many causes may be assigned for these that the gospel is not sufficient to save amazing and portentous phenomena of Amer- and reform men, and that they can de- ican social decline. vise better laws of their own creation, it " Among the foremost should be placed the is small wonder that men and women abdication of certain sects of the Christian church from their spiritual direction and lead- have little respect for human laws. ership and their assumption of political and If you destroy a man's faith in the .legislative domination. This is particularly evi- divine law and its binding claims, you denced in the District of Columbia by the erec- cannot expect that he will have very tion of expensive buildings around the Capitol for the avowed purpose of influencing legisla- much respect for human enactments. tive action, and by the maintenance of profes- The church that substitutes the force of sional legislative agents. As respect for the law for the power of love, has lost her church and its teachings declines, so must its vision and her mission, and drives more authority over the hearts and consciences of people from Christianity into crime than men diminish." any other agency. If the churches The above statement is too true. which have abdicated their spiritual pro- Strong religious organizations are estab- gram for legislative domination in poli- lishing well-financed " Christian lobbies," tics, do not retreat from the political with high-salaried professional reform- arena, it will not be long until they will ers, on Capitol Hill, in close proximity be shorn entirely of all the prestige and to the Capitol building. Expensive mar- spiritual influence they formerly exerted ble structures are being erected, with over the hearts of men. The churches elegant office suites and caucus commit- cannot afford to make their appeal to tee rooms for churchmen and Congress- law and abandon their appeal to the men to hold joint sessions on measures conscience. The only religion that has which these religious organizations de- any value in the sight of Heaven is heart sire to push through Congress. religion. True religion rests upon free Many of the churches are forsaking choice for its acceptance, and when it the preaching of the cross of Calvary, makes its appeal to force, it becomes a and are substituting the club of the false religion. A large share of the pres- policeman in its place to reform and ent lawlessness can be laid rightly at save men. The old-time preaching of the door of political preachers who are the gospel to save men from their sins enfeebling the claims of religion on the is being abandoned by many of the hearts of men, by making Christianity churches, and their preachers are now legalistic instead of inspirational and delivering sermons on political science spiritual. L. HE R ev. particularly those George W. The Bible which cut across T McDaniel, and the their prejudices. D. D., has written Superficial think- a most excellent ers often misun- Christian treatise Public Schools derstand one who upon the above advocates a prin- topic, from the ciple as against Baptist viewpoint, which is in harmony their policy. Nevertheless, principles with the position we have taken upon are fundamental things which should be this much-agitated question. We are maintained at every cost. The man who glad to see our Baptist friends join us in takes counsel of the possible loss of this issue on religious liberty, and we popularity because he stands for a prin- take great pleasure in reprinting from ciple, is not a man. The real man takes the Baptist Record of April 3, 1924, Dr. the sneers and jeers, the criticism and McDaniel's illuminating article : slander, of enemies made in contending " The desire to require the reading of for a principle, as the soldier of freedom the Bible in the public schools is well takes and wears unabashed the wounds meaning, but misconceived. With those received in battle. Ile can bear any- who believe the Bible is the word of thing but reereaney to duty, disloyalty God, I am in hearty accord. We stand to principle. together for thoroughgoing American- "The United States has made one dis- ism, for the Bible as the foundation of tinctive contribution to civilization, to our faith, and the embodiment of the wit : The separation of church and state. highest code of morals. I would not be In the American arena the freedom of in disagreement with these good people conscience was first incorporated in writ- in their ideas of the value of the Bible ten law. That mean,: that' the state ha, and as to the benefit to be derived from no religious funetion. This is not to its reading. A cherished principle, how- disparage religion. Shallow minds ac- ever, causes me to part company with cused Jefferson of opposing religion them in their effort to compel the read- when he was working for the rm.:1.11re inry of the Bible in the public schools. that has been of most blessed 0•11P.e- " Some people do not like principteR, ill'il!ees to religion e2 LIBERTY 83

" Force and Free WM not lean upon the prop of the State. At- "The foundation of the state is force; tempts to have the State in some way the foundation of religion is choice. The advance religion are, in the last analysis, state wields the strong arm; religion em- a confession of the weakness of religion, ploys gentle methods. The state appeals which some of us will not admit. The to the militia to preserve order ; religion Christian religion does not need any as- appeals to free choice to win adherents. sistance from the state. Every time the It is writ large on the pages of history state has touched Christianity, it has that whenever the church joined with tainted it. Every time Christianity has the state for any purpose, religion suf- united with the state, corruption has set fered. in. Christianity prospers most when " Religion and government are both freest. strengthened when they are recognized " Jefferson's Statute as two distinct hemispheres. " Now, the Bible is a religious book. " A new impetus was given to Chris- True, it is charming literature, authentic tianity in Virginia by the adoption of history, and sound philosophy; but its Jefferson's statute for establishing reli- chief value is as a book of religion. The gious freedom. What opponents feared proponents of the defeated measure to was a stunning blow, proved to be a require the reading of the Bible in the quickening power. Believers were mul- public schools, admit that the Bible is a tiplied, the name of the Lord Jesus was religious book. That is the very reason magnified, the word of God mightily they want it read. They believe so thor- grew and prevailed until the Christian oughly in the Bible that they ignore citizenship of this Commonwealth is great principles in their eagerness to now dominant. This dominance should have it read by law in the schools. Good make them all the more mindful of the people were never more mistaken than free principles under which they have are these dear friends. grown to greatness and very regardful " In the public schools there are text- of the rights of the minority. Baptists books founded upon the fundamental were once in an insignificant minority teachings of the Bible, or which contain in Virginia, and suffered trespass upon extracts therefrom. Milton and Shake- their religious rights. They are now in a speare abound in such teachings and ex- majority of all the denominations, and tracts. Such textbooks are in the schools, should not trespass upon the rights of however, for secular instruction, and are present minorities. When we have stated not included in the Constitutional pro- that Baptists have never persecuted, we hibitions against sectarian instruction. have occasionally been met with the The highest courts have rightly made taunt, ' They never had the opportunity.' this distinction. Intelligent men ought A Baptist who would compel the read- to see the difference between requiring ing of the Bible in the public schools of the study of Shakespeare, a secular book, Virginia lends credence to that taunt, and requiring the reading of the Bible, a for such a law is obnoxious to the reli- sectarian book. gious sentiments, and antagonistic to the " Religion is purely voluntary. That religious convictions, of many of our peo- principle runs all through the New Tes- ple. It is an infringement upon their tament. God does not compel any one consciences. to hear or believe. What God does not " Leaving the fundamental principle do, man dares not attempt. Religion is of the freedom of conscience and the a thing between the soul and God. It is separation of church and state, the com- of such a personal, spiritual, sacred na- pulsory reading of the Bible in the pub- ture that government must not touch it. lic schools is open to certain other ob- It is so vital and vigorous that it does jections. 84 LIBERTY

" Violates the Golden Rule volved, and the practice is voluntary and " It violates the golden rule. By that without objection. But this is quite rule we must do by others as we would different from the State's intervening have them do by us. Suppose you and requiring every teacher, irrespective chanced to live in Utah, where the pop- of his faith and conscience, to read the ulation is predominantly Mormon. How Bible in every school, irrespective of the would you like for the State to require school's constituents. the daily reading of the book of Mormon " It places the reading of the Bible in the public schools where your children in the hands of those who may not be- were pupils ? Yet they would have the lieve the Bible. Though there can be no same right to do that as we have to comment, the general manner and the require the reading of the Bible in the tone of the reader's voice may undermine public schools of Virginia. Put your- the child's faith in the Bible. I would self in the position of the minority, and not want a Modernist reading the Bible see the wrong and injustice. to my child. That there are Modernist teachers in the public schools is prac- " The Virginia Bill of Rights tically certain. ."` It violates that equality which ought " It mars the religious harmony now to be the basis of every law. Mason's happily existing among the various Declaration of Rights considers all men sects. People are most sensitive about as entering into society on equal condi- their religion. You can bring on a con- tions, and particularly as retaining an troversy in a minute, and such con- ' equal title to the free exercise of reli- troversies are heated and often bitter. gion according to the dictates of con- We had a slight demonstration of this science.' While we claim for ourselves in the feeling displayed between the the right to read the Bible and embrace Jewish rabbi and the Methodist bishop its teachings, we cannot deny an equal before the senate committee. What hap- freedom to those who may not wish to pened there would have been repeated in read the Bible ; nor can we tax them to worse form in different communities had maintain schools and support teachers the bill become a law. There was also who are required to read a religious indication that some of the senators book. were not as calm and dispassionate as " It violates the same principle of one would expect of men intrusted with equality by granting peculiar exemp- grave responsibilities. tions to some. Parents or guardians may " Wronging the Children have their children excused from hear- ing the Bible read. That clause in the " It wrongs some of the children whom bill which died in the legislature is it is mistakenly intended to benefit. unique. There is not a statute on the This in two ways : (1) By requiring all books which enacts a general State law, children not excused by parental request and at the same time exempts from its to listen to the reading of the Bible operation every person who may make whether they wish to or not. One of the surest ways to give a child a revulsion written request for exemption. for religion is to try to enforce it upon " Conscience of the Teachers him. Pastor though I am, I would not " It violates the rights of those teach- compel any children to listen to the ers who cannot conscientiously comply reading of the Bible. I would reason with the law. They may be diligent stu- with them, try to persuade them, appeal dents and profound believers in the to their conscience, but force them — Bible. They may even read it in schools never ! I have met too many adults who where the population is so homogeneous formed a permanent distaste for things that there is a universal desire and religious because they were compelled to where no trespass upon rights is in- religious attendance in youth. LIBERT Y 85

" (2) By excusing from the classroom for Christianity existed and flourished those children whose parents make such in spite of every opposition from hu- request. When pupils are thus excused, man laws; a contradiction in terms, for they are liable to be regarded with aver- Christianity was not ordained by human sion and subjected to reproach and in- policy, but by divine revelation, and re- sult by their fellow pupils. They, or lies upon its innate excellence and the their parents, are regarded as hostile to patronage of its Author ; a contradiction the Bible, which a majority of the pupils in just government — which, in the lan- have been taught to revere. They are guage of Madison, ' will be best sup- put at a serious disadvantage in many ported by protecting every citizen in the ways with respect to others. The courts enjoyment of his religion with the same have said as much, and more, in deciding equal hand which protects his personal against laws requiring the reading of the property ; by neither invading the equal Bible in the public schools. rights of any sect, nor suffering any sect " Homes and Churches to invade those of another.' " It transfers to, or divides with, the " I must not conclude without com- state a responsibility which properly be- mending to each of you the reading and longs to the homes and churches. The study of the Bible. It is the most won- duty of reading the Bible to children is derful book in the world. No other book primarily that of the homes. There are, compares with it in moral excellence and alas, too many evidences that parents spiritual sublimity. Its moral meaning would evade what God requires of them is perennially fresh, its spiritual light by passing on to the church or school a never failing. It is one book whose truth duty which devolves first upon them. you can never exhaust and whose pre- How many proponents and supporters ciousness sweetens with acquaintance. of the bill to require the daily reading Have your own Bible as a daily compan- of the Bible in the public schools, read ion and nightly meditation. Mark it the Bible daily in their own homes ? Ah, well. Ponder its doctrines, practise its there's the rub ! In the home, above precepts, live in its light, and die in its every other place, is the opportunity to promises. saturate the mind with the Scriptures, " We've traveled together, my Bible and I, and to lay those foundations of faith and In all kinds of weather, with smile or with conduct which shall never be shaken. sigh; Here is where acute emphasis needs In sunshine or sorrow, in tempest or calm, to be placed. It is this solemn duty Thy friendship's unchanging, my lamp and which I would have our people discharge, my psalm. this inviting and flying opportunity " We've traveled together, my Bible and I, which I would have our parents see and When life has grown weary, and death e'en seize. was nigh; But all through the darkness of mist and of " Furthermore, there are the churches wrong, whose commission commands them to go I found thus a solace, a prayer, and a song. and teach. The churches are custodians of the oracles of God. They preserve " So now who shall part us, my Bible and If those oracles by proclaiming them. It Shall critics, or scoffers, or others who try? Shall shadow for substance or stone for good behooves the churches to quicken their bread step as they go everywhere with their Supplant thy sound wisdom, give folly in- message of salvation and service. It ill stead? becomes them to ask the aid of the State, through its public schools. To ask that " Ah, no, my dear Bible. Berealer of light, Thou Sword of the Spirit, put error to flight; aid is a contradiction to our holy religion, And still through life's journey, until the which disavows dependence on the power last sigh, of this world ; a contradiction in fact, We'll travel together, my Bible and I"' 86 LIBERTY

Americanism — What Is It ? of the first century in the year of our (Concluded from page 77) Lord, which planted the banner of the the Sabbath, may not steal, because the judg- cross in all parts of the civilized world, ment of society so strongly condemns theft, or against all the opposition of imperial because he believes that honesty is the best Rome, the mightiest despotism the world policy; but tempt him with the prospect of ever knew. And again in the sixteenth concealment or the prospect of advantage, and century, under the leadership of the Re- there can be no reason why he who robs God will not rob his neighbor also. For this reason, formers, the power of the pure gospel of the Sabbath lies at the foundation of morality. Christ was demonstrated by a spiritual Its observance is an acknowledgment of the revival which woke the world from the sovereign rights of God over us. slumber of centuries, and changed the " 2. The sin of these Congressmen is a na- whole current of human history. The tional sin, because the nation hath not said to them in the Constitution, the supreme rule for reason why such power was not mani- our public servants, We charge you to serve fested through the church at other times, us in accordance with the higher law of and is not seen today, is that the pro- God.' . . . fessed followers of Christ had fallen " 3. Give us in the national Constitution the away from their allegiance to God and simple acknowledgment of the law of God as the supreme law of nations, and all the results to the faith, and had ceased to worship indicated in this note will be ultimately secured. him in spirit and in truth. Truth has Let no one say that the movement does not con- been exchanged for tradition, and Bible template sufficiently practical ends." doctrines for the commandments of men. Be assured that the National Reform They have, as the Scripture says, a form movement has not changed. What it of godliness, but deny the power thereof. was when it was organized in 1863, and And now, according to the announce- what it was avowedly in 1870, it still is ment that is given out, the churches are today. And it is doubly dangerous now to find a way to apply the principles of because of increased numbers and in- Christianity to social, international, and fluence. industrial conditions, and so " usher in a practical Christian era." This is de- clared to be " the only workable plan for abolishing war." There have been Will the Churches Abolish War ? conferences of the nations to establish (Concluded from page 79) peace, which have all failed; now there This is what Christianity has been will be a conference of the churches. doing from the days of righteous Abel And we shall be told that secular con- down to the present time. It has saved claves have been unsuccessful because countless millions of people from their their program of world peace did not sins, and thus prepared them for a part invoke the aid of religion. Foremost in in the kingdom of Christ when it shall this conference of churches, also, it can take visible form upon a re-created earth. easily be seen, will be that church which The value and necessity of organized has for centuries maintained diplomatic effort were understood by the Founder of relations with the nations, and whose Christianity, but the organization which mandates are obeyed by more millions of He instituted to give power and effect adherents than are enrolled in any other to the efforts of His individual followers, denomination. The churches are to de- was the church, not the civil govern- vise, and the world powers to put into ment, nor any other political or secular execution, a program which will be ac- association of men. And how effective claimed as the last hope of securing an instrument His church can become for world peace. It looks as if the way were the promotion of human welfare when being prepared for a union of church He is permitted to use it without hin- and state on a scale of unprecedented drance, was demonstrated by the church magnitude. LIBERTY 87

The Federal Constitution all honor to their immediate descendants (Concluded from page 75) who did so much to make this the free should not stain the pages of American country it has so long been, and all honor history, by providing in the Constitution to the men and women who are today that, " Congress shall make no law re- exerting their influence to the utmost specting an establishment of religion, or to preserve here the liberty bequeathed prohibiting the free exercise thereof." to us by the noble-hearted pioneers of For the first time in national history that early day, when persecution for con- the church is separate from the state, science' sake was everywhere, and free- and the citizen can worship according to dom of religious worship seemed, except the dictates of conscience. Free press, to the eye of faith, only an iridescent free speech, free religion, and free peo- dream. ple are the guaranties. tlE Our nation was " conceived in liberty," and freedom is our birthright. Should " Religious Tests Barred in not the wisdom that preserves the Con- New Jersey " stitution strive to emulate the wisdom HE New York Times of April 26, that made it? Should not each succeed- contains the following interesting ing generation diligently study its great Tnews item relative to the matter of principles that a saving knowledge may making religion a test in the examination constitute an important part of our na- of public school teachers in the State of tional education and protect it from New Jersey : amendments that destroy and measures " In a letter addressed today to John En- that deceive 9 As the eloquent Patrick right, State Commissioner of Education, Gov- Henry, in opposition to the dreadful ernor Silzer requested him to direct local school frown of the British throne, and the re- boards to stop the practice of questioning ap- vengeful menace of its advancing armies, plicants for appointment as teachers as to their loved freedom better than his own life, religious affiliations. The governor inclosed an opinion written by Atty. Gen. Edward L. Kat- so may the same invincible spirit of zenbach. The letter to Commissioner Enright patriotism that fired his noble soul take says: `I have received several communications possession of our responsive hearts, that recently concerning discrimination by district we may be willing, against all odds and school boards against the appointment of teach- ers or the retention of teachers already em- hazards, to perpetuate his intrepid reso- ployed because of their religious belief. I re- lution : " Give me liberty or give me quested the attorney-general to advise me with death." respect to the law on this subject.' " Governor Silzer then quotes the attorney- NE Of Iff general's letter, which begins as follows: "' This matter is of a kind which touches the America's Huguenot-Walloon very -foundations upon which our government Inheritance was built.' (Concluded from page 71) " The attorney-general cites the First Amend- ment to the Federal Constitution and Article denominations were invited to join, and I, Section 4, of the constitution of the State of in which Protestants generally did join, New Jersey. He also quotes chapter 179 of the and closes with a Huguenot pilgrimage laws of 1920 forbidding any religious test as to Europe, from June 15 to August 30. a qualification in the school system of the State. The attorney-general's opinion coneludea as This latter phase ought to extend the follows: influence of the celebration to the Old " ' This act prohibits an inquiry of the char- World, where it is still greatly needed, acter referred to by you. Violation of the for there, more than in our own favored provisions of this act constitutes n misde land, few comparatively know the full meanor.' " Governor Silzer's letter then goes on to say: meaning of religious liberty. " ' It is too obvious for discussion that re- All honor to the Huguenots of three ligious liberty was guaranteed by the Consti centuries ago who name to these ahorea. tntion, and that it is of moat vital importanee 88 LIBERTY

that this principle be kept alive. As above strength of the parties in power. While stated, our State has also made such discrim- the direct question is not always asked ination a misdemeanor. This being the law, it must be enforced. If one community is al- the applicant, yet the policy is carried lowed to discriminate against a Catholic, an- into practice according to the religious other against a Jew, another against a Protes- predilections and prejudices of those tant, it will not be long before we will lose who finally make the appointments. the cherished rights guaranteed to us under our form of government. Such a practice is in violation of our "' In order that the Constitution may be Federal Constitution and of the " bills respected and the laws of the State obeyed, of rights " of the State constitutions. I am requesting that you advise all of those The tendency in America is to allow in authority in these matters and direct their religious influences and prejudices to attention to the opinion of the attorney gen eral.' " dominate our political institutions more and more, and unless this tendency is We are in thorough accord with the checked, the spirit of intolerance and re- laws upon this subject, that religion ligious prejudice will ultimately destroy should not be made a test for any public our most cherished, blood-bought liber- office, and in harmony with the decision ties. The equality of all citizens before of Governor Silzer on this specific ques- the law, irrespective of their religious tion. We know of certain localities faith and practice, should be maintained where this custom of making religion a as the first of all rights. The only person test, not only for school-teachers, but who understands religious liberty, is the for municipal appointments, has been person who defends the religious liberty practised by both Catholics and Protes- of all men with the same vigor as he tants alike, according to the numerical does his own. L. Note and Comment

THE Maine Legislature passed a bill illustration of a judge giving a liberal prohibiting appropriations of public construction to a law in order to get money for sectarian purposes. This is around an un-American law, which setting a good example for every should have no place upon the statute State legislature in America. Religious books of a free people. churches should support themselves, and not ask legal sanction for any of their religious customs or institutions. DR. CHRISTIAN F. R,EISNER, pastor of te OE the Chelsea (N. Y.) Methodist Epis- copal Church, assailed the Brooklyn Na- THE Morning Oregonian, of Portland. tional League baseball team for playing says : " New Jersey has started another baseball on Easter Sunday. Dr. Reisner campaign for Sunday enforcement. Be- connected " the failure to keep holy the tween blue laws and mosquitoes the land Sabbath " with " the so-called crime of Jersey must be a sad place wherein wave in Brooklyn and the revelations at to spend Sunday." Washington." it AI Soon every wrong thing that is done JUDGE JOHN MARSHALL, of Kokomo, in the world, will be connected with a Ind., ruled that the ordinance for the failure to enact drastic Sunday laws, the Sunday-closing of movies passed by the same as the Indians used to blame the city council of Kokomo, by the mayor's wrong-doers among them for the eclipse casting the deciding vote, breaking the of the sun, which they worshiped as tie in the council, was invalid. Another a god. LIMERT Y e9

THE ministerial association of Eliza- pleaded guilty, whereupon the court beth, N. J., made a strong effort to close gave them each a suspended sentence, the theaters and movies on Sundays. remitting the fine. We wonder how the churches would When a court has to get around an feel if the theaters and movies should unjust law in this fashion, it is high time advocate the closing of the church that legislatures took a cut and repealed functions on week days, on the basis such un-American relics of a dead past of unwarranted competition with their when religion was administered with a attendance and business. legal vengeance. tg tg tg LATEST news from Philadelphia states By Whom and How Shall Bible Be Taught? that' Mayor Kendrick has reversed him- THE Sacramento Bee presents the fol- self, and has adopted the viewpoint of lowing interesting editorial upon Bible the Philadelphia clergymen of the Sab- teaching : bath Observance Association, in plaee " That the Bible is a book which all chil- of City Solicitor Gaffney's opinion hold- dren should read and study — and all adults, ing nonprofessional Sunday sports, and too, for that matter — is not disputed by any stores doing " worldly business," as legal. sensible person. Regardless of the contro- verted point of its divine inspiration and its The mayor previously in an official inerrancy, it is the greatest book ever written. capacity indorsed the legal opinion " But that it should be taught in the public of the city solicitor on the interpreta- schools is doubtful. Sectarianism would al- tion of the Sunday law of 1794, but most inevitably creep into the teaching of it, consciously or unconsciously, and the public now under strong pressure and threats schools ought to be and must be kept free from from certain clergymen, he has changed sectarian spirit and controversy. . . . front. " Primarily it is the duty of parents, and, next to them, of the churches, to provide this tt instruction. What has become of the old-fash- Court Reproves Policeman ioned family which had Scripture reading at breakfast or bedtime! Is there no function JUDGE BARRETT, of Center Street left for parents to perform except to provide Court, New York City, rebuked a police- their children with food, clothing, and money man when he stopped an Italian funeral for the school fraternities and the movies? " which was proceeding through Mott Street on Sunday afternoon with an eight-piece band rendering a funeral Governor Ritchie (Maryland) on Freedom dirge, and served the members of the in Education band with summons to appear in court " WHO knows, for instance, to what on charges of violating the Sunday laws length the Federal Government might of New York. The policeman arraigned sometime go if some of the proposals for the eight band members before Magis- Federal aid to education should be trate Barrett. adopted? Education is a local function. " My heavens, man, do you realize that It should not be centralized. It is in- this is New York, and not New Jersey ? " herently the State's right to see to the demanded the magistrate. " Who or- education of its own boys and girls, un- dered you to serve these summonses? " controlled and untrammeled by outside " The sergeant," replied the police- influences. man. " Just as it is the State's duty to pro- " Well," said the court, dismayed, " I vide a competent public school system don't know what the town's coming to. for its children of all creeds and de- Technically, these men are guilty, of nominations, so when recognized creeds course." or denominations maintain competent The New York World says that the schools of their own, such, for example, eight bandmen took their cue and as the parochial schools, it is the State's 90 /. / Li E. R 1 Y duty, not only to leave them alone, but to knowledge of the fact that they were hi w breakers, and this grand jury would hesitate protect them too, so that freedom of re- to stigmatize citizens of the community who ligion and freedom of education may be are of its bone and sinew with bills of indict. inviolately maintained." ment. .tV stE " If the grand jury were to indict all of the offenders against the Vice and Immorality act, California Opposes Forcing the Bible the criminal courts of this county would be so clogged with business that the prosecution and THE California Legislature rejected apprehension of criminals who outrage the a bill requiring the teaching of the Bible criminal laws and those who violate laws which in the public schools in the assembly by are designed to protect and secure personal a vote of 53 to 12. The members who liberty and property rights, would go unwhipped voted against the measure said they had of justice, while the courts and prosecuting officers were pursuing persons who in 1924 are the greatest reverence and respect for not deporting themselves on Sunday as it was God and His Holy Book, but preferred said they should in 1798." that it should be taught in the home and in the church, and not by the state and tinder duress of civil law. Nashville Council Repeals Blue Sunday Ordinance THE Ministerial Alliance of Nash vi II e. The Gloom of the Puritan Sabbath Tenn., recently induced the city cotuicil THE Sun, of North East, Pa., quotes to pass a " blue Sunday " ordinance •t Washington statesman as saying : closing all gasoline filling stations on " 7 nm in favor of all libraries, parks, mu- that (Iv. The citizens entered such seums, and picture galleries being open on vigorous protest that the council finally Sunday. Sunday should be a day of joy and repealed the ordinance in spite of the recreation. The gloom of the Puritan Sabbath has darkened lives enough. Nothing can be plea of the Ministerial Alliance to retain more perfectly hateful than the orthodox Sun- it. It appears that some of the preachers day. It is a prison, a kind of dungeon in which and the multitude of automobilists are in joy is chained and shackled. The idea that competition with each other as to which we can make God happy by making ourselves and others miserable is the extreme of folly." should have a monopoly of Sunday. #1 tV Proper Way of Sabbath Observance Fourteen Thousand Blue Law Violators Dismissed THE following editorial of the Eve- MORE than 14,000 Sunday blue law ning Tribune of San Diego, Calif., on the violators were arrested in Hudson proper way of observing the Sabbath. is County, New Jersey, recently, but the right to the point: grand jury refused to find true bills in " The State of Kentucky is now considering any of these cases. The grand jury held the enforcement of Sabbath keeping,' under penalty of jail sentences. forty sessions and investigated 1,061 " This is just another version of the tactics cases, and then threw up its hands of the intoxicated gentleman in the burlesque in despair and reported its findings to show, who attempts to improve his relations the court, refusing to find indictments. with other characters by telling them: The following presentment was made to " Love me. If you won't love me, I'll knock your block off.' Supreme Court Justice James F. Min- " If Kentucky passes the proposed law, it turn : may improve respect for the Kentucky jails, " In submitting this evidence we desire to but it won't increase respect for the Kentucky state that we are conscious of the fact that vio- Sabbath. . . . lations of the Vice and Immorality set have con- " People who believe that Sunday should be tinued from time almost immemorial; that cit- a day set apart for the observances of religion izens who are patriotic, upright, honorable, and have a perfect right to attempt to spread their respected in this community have constantly belief. It may be that they are in duty and persistently violated this law without any bound to propagate it; but they must draw LIBERi Y 9l the line at any effort to browbeat or penalize thieves, the religious legalists crucify the their fellow citizens who don't happen to agree true Sabbath between two thieves, the with them. " For the man who does not feel bound by Moslem sabbath and the papal sabbath. any particular set of religious rules, the best Of 3V OE attitude is the one of courtesy. The true gentleman will so conduct himself as to give Ohio Blue Laws Enforced in Youngstown no offense to any reasonable and fair- minded neighbor — whatever his religious be- ATTORNEY KAUFMAN secured a man- liefs may be. damus writ from the Common Pleas " It may be unfortunate that courtesy can't Court, ordering the city of Youngstown be compelled by law; it happens, however, to to enforce the Ohio " blue Sunday " be true." laws. The writ will be enforced against tV the United States Steel Corporation, the Moslem Sabbath Forced on Christians Sunday newspapers, the gasoline filling AN Associated Press account says that stations, theaters, cigar stores, confec- the police authorities of Constantinople tionery stores, dairy depots, and, in fact, have issued an order requiring all Chris- every avenue will be closed under the tian institutions to observe the Moslem writ, but the one which leads to the sabbath, which falls on Friday. Schools churches on Sunday. Mr. W. Maag, refusing to close on Fridays will be heav- manager of the Sunday Vindicator, said ily fined. Heretofore the Christian insti- the paper would be issued on Sundays, tutions had been exempted from the op- " if they arrest every man in the office." eration of the Moslem sabbath laws, but We are wondering whether we are this exemption has been withdrawn. The living in free America or in Puritan Christians in Turkey are protesting New England. The Lord's Day Al- against this unjust and discriminatory liance, the National Reform Association, religious measure, and they have a right and the ministerial associations are push- to protest. But let every Sunday law ing their program through. A revival advocate and reformer remember that if of the old Puritan spirit of intolerance the Christians in Turkey, where they is breaking out in many localities where have a state religion, have a right to pro- these organizations can find fertile soil test against this discriminatory religious and civil officers who are well tinctured law requiring them to observe two days with the spirit of religious prejudice and each week, certainly those who observe intolerance. It is time for American the seventh day as the Sabbath in Amer- citizens to wake up to the dangers which ica, where there is no state religion, have are threatening American ideals of civil a right to protest against the discrimi- and religious freedom. natory Sunday laws which require them to observe two days each week. This incident discloses another fact Attacking Church Suppers that cannot be denied, and that is, that THE restaurant owners of Pueblo, the same authority which grants a re- Colo., have launched a campaign against ligious exemption can at any time with- the modern " church supper," claiming draw that act of toleration. Religious that the churches are entering into com- rights are not granted by acts of toler- petition with the business of the res- ation ; we possess them as inherent rights, taurants by enticing customers away and for this reason we are opposed to all from their tables. The particular ob- statutes of religious toleration, because ject of attack is the much-advertised the civil government is not ordained of church oyster stew, which is one of the God to dispense religious prerogatives dishes most commonly served on such oc- which we have by nature and divine ap- casions. There are two things about this pointment. Now as in the clays of Christ affair which strike us funny : when they crucified Him between two First, that the church should furnish 92 LIBERTY oysters to the public, which the Bible " Take a day off and go to church; you will condemns as " unclean " in the sight of have better luck and will sell more goods next week. We are going to advise our friends to the Lord ; and, second, that the churches patronize those friends who respect the law and which are trying to close all business revere the Sabbath. If everybody will close, places on Sunday on the basis that Sun- we will have nobody in trouble; if they keep day business enters into competition open, the grand jury will be asked to indict them. The day of temporizing in these matters with church attendance, are now seeing has passed." the tables turned on them by the business men, on the same plea. If the churches If this is not a union of church and have a right to stop all honorable busi- state and religion with a vengeance, we ness on Sundays to prevent competition would like to know what else it could with them, why do not the business men be. This certainly is a fulfilment to have a right to stop the churches from quite a degree of that remarkable proph- entering into competition with honorable ecy on the religious boycott so clearly business on week days? We would like outlined in Revelation 13 : 17. The to suggest a better way, and that is, mark of the beast mentioned here is now that the churches grant religious lib- acknowledged to be nothing other than erty to honorable business on Sundays, the rival Sabbath of papal origin en- and that the business men grant civil lib- forced by civil law and the religious boy- erty to the churches on week days. That cott. is fair play in harmony with American tif tlf ideals, while the other is tyranny. L. Blue Law Case Thrown Out of Court kE tV THE New York World of April 22, gives the following news item : Church and State United in Tennessee " When John Bulwinkle, manager of the ACCORDING to the Sunday Times of Strand Theater in Perth Amboy (N. J.), was Chattanooga, Tenn., April 27, the city arraigned there yesterday on a charge of vio- lating the Sunday law, after he had permitted council passed a Sunday ordinance clos- the showing of a film for charity, Recorder ing all gasoline filling stations both with- Pickersgill threw the case out of court. in and without the city, reaching even "' I'll do the same with any other case of into the State of Georgia. The churches this kind,' said the recorder. It would be im- demanded the enactment of this drastic posSible to close everything Sunday, as the old law requires. And there's no use beginning in law to prevent motoring on Sundays. cases like this.' Attorney-General Chamlee is working " Mayor Wilson had ordered Bulwinkle not hand in glove with the preachers in the to let the show go on." enforcement of this religious law enacted The judge was right in not allowing for the benefit of the churches. the law enforcement officers to single out The Georgia Sunday law across the one class to the exclusion of others under border from Chattanooga is very strin- a practically obsolete law. gent, and the penalty for its violation is a fine of $1,000, and a chain-gang sen- tif tence of not less than six months nor " Shall Farm Children Be Denied Work? " more than twelve months. Attorney-General Chamlee called on THE Saturday Evening Post printed " the Georgia authorities a n d the the following pointed statement from the churches at Rossville to look after the famous economist, Roger Babson, under filling stations on the Georgia side of the the above heading : State line." Mr. Chamlee also called " City children often don't amount to much because they don't have to work. Boys brought upon the managers of filling stations to up on the farms became great captains of in- close up on Sundays, under threat of dustry, because they early form habits of hon- prosecution, and sent them the following esty, industry, and thrift. These great basic message : factors cannot be learned from books, but only LIBERTY 93 through the actual daily work such as boys get the Federal Constitution; again, to have the under a good father and mother on a farm. state fill the churches by declaring Sunday to " The farms are the best and greatest schools be the Sabbath and by the passage of blue laws and colleges of America. Shall we take away to make it practically impossible for people to from these farms one of their most useful and do anything else except go to church. How- valuable functions, namely, the development ever, there is something radically wrong when of young men in physique, integrity, industry, the church endeavors to make people good by and thrift? That invaluable function known law. as gumption in some sections, and common Church Doesn't Need Club sense or good judgment in others, cannot be " It is a confession that its power has been learned from books, but only from work. Can lost when the church must resort to the police- America afford to take away this work from man's club for the purpose of gaining adher- the most promising of her youths? " ents. The Christian life is not a blanket which may be forcibly wrapped about the exterior of 1,1 an individual; it is the result of a change of heart. Lutheran Minister on Right Track " Again, we often find the church assuming THE Sacramento Bee of April 16 re- the functions of the state by performing acts ported a sermon by Rev. Mr. Wessling, of of law enforcement, conducting raids, carrying Lodi, Calif., pastor of Trinity Lutheran on criminal prosecutions, etc. Should not the law, then, be enforced? Certainly, but accord- church. He said he took " exception to ing to the principle of the church and state the activities of the church in law en- separation, law enforcement is not the business forcement as an encroachment upon the of an ecclesiastical body." principle of the separation of church and tV OF Of state. Both as a Biblical principle and as a principle of the American govern- Casper Citizens Protest Blue Sunday ment, the church and the state are sep- Ordinance arate." As proof, he referred to the ACCORDING to the Casper (Wyoming) Biblical quotation found in Luke 20: 25, Herald, the citizens of Casper with an in which Jesus said : " Render unto Cesar overwhelming list of signers, protested the things which be CEesar's, and unto against a recent " blue Sunday " ordi- God the things which be God's." Mr. nance enacted by the city council. At- Wessling continued : torneys and ministers were found on " Every Christian will desire that knowledge both sides at a protest meeting. When of the Bible be widely disseminated, but the the doctors disagree, what are the lay- state is not the minister to disseminate this men to do ? It appears that one of the knowledge; it is not within the sphere of the state to force the Bible upon the children of city pastors, Rev. Varner Johns, LL. B., public institutions supported by the taxes of made the following statements of pro- people who hold conflicting views regarding the test before the council: Bible. " You are attempting to restrict the morals Oregon Law Denounced of man by law. This is an unpopular ordinance " What about the Oregon school law, which in the city because it looks as if the city was aimed to deprive citizens of their parental and trying to meddle with our personal liberties. religious rights to educate children in schools " The council is setting a precedent. A coun- of their choice? The law was properly out- cil five years from now may decide, taking this lawed by the Federal court. as a precedent, to enact laws just as rigid as " State and church serve each other best the old colonial blue laws. when they remain in their respective spheres. " An association of ministers at Berkeley If the former conscientiously attends to its stopped afternoon concerts on Sunday in that duties of looking after the temporal needs of city. In New Jersey, a minister was fined for its people and protecting their rights and priv- presenting a Passion play on Sunday. In an- ileges, the church will prosper. And if the other Eastern State, a man was fined for paint- church attends to its business, that of preaching ing the interior of his house on Sunday. He the gospel at all times, in season and out of appealed to the supreme court, and the decision season, it will raise a generation of people who was reversed. If it is wrong to buy on Sunday, for conscience' sake will be obedient and faith- then it must be just as wrong to buy the same_ ful subjects of the state. article on Monday. " Attempts have, been made to Christianize " Sunday closing in Texas prevents the sale America by registering the name of Christ in of gasoline, baseball games' being played, but 94 LIBERTY a person may sell or buy ice cream on Sunday observance, but Sunday is no more the in the same State. But if he sells candy, he is branded a criminal. This ordinance is like the Sabbath than is Wednesday. The Bible point of a wedge — once it enters, there is no says " the seventh day is the Sabbath of limit to what it can do or what can be done the Lord." There is no Bible authority under it. for Sunday observance; but even if there " The ordinance is an effort of the civil to were, so far as the civil government is enter into and control the religious life here. Nine tenths of the people of Casper are against concerned the World is correct when it this un-American legislation.' " says : " A citizen's Sunday should be his own." Many other prominent citizens spoke IV IV Of against the ordinance, giving evidence that public sentiment was overwhelm- Kentucky Legislature Compels Reading ingly against it, and that the citizens of of Bible Casper did not want the civil officers to THE governor of Kentucky, on M a yell settle religious controversies by law or 26, signed the Rash bill passed by the engage in " theological hairsplitting," as legislature providing for the compulsory did the Pharisees and lawyers in the daily reading of the Bible in the public days of Christ. schools of Kentucky. The Bible must IV IV IV be read daily " in the presence of the pupils " under the act, and the teacher " Blue Laws and Paid Choirs " who fails to comply with the law is to THE New York World of May 3, gives have his certificate revoked. We do not the following interesting news item believe the Word of God should be forced under the above caption : upon any one, nor do we believe it should " There is a District attorney named Brown, be restricted by law whenever any per- in Uniontown, Pa., who having stopped the playing of baseball, football, golf, and other son desires to read it for himself. games on Sunday in accordance with the county blue laws, now plans to stop the playing of hymns and anthems by paid organists in the Discriminating Measure churches and the singing of paid choirs on the first day of the week. A NEW ordinance was recently intro- " Logically, Mr. Brown can hardly be dis- duced by a member of the city coun- puted. The Sunday blue laws are everywhere based on a Biblical injunction against labor on cil of Sacramento, Calif., requiring bar- Sunday. A person who plays an organ or ber shops which keep an open shop on sings for money is certainly working, under any Sundays to pay an extra license fee. definition. It is a question, indeed, whether The city council passed a similar meas- the minister, whose hardest day's labor falls ure once before, charging a special on Sunday, does not come under the blue laws, unless specifically exempt. license of $10 a month for the privilege " It is time it was recognized throughout the of remaining open on Sundays, which country that the enforcement of Sunday blue Police Judge J. J. Henderson declared laws in this century has no ethical meaning. unconstitutional in 1917. Justice Hen- Such laws are enforced . . . to discourage other than church activities. And there is no good derson ruled that the tax was " unreason- reason why any political authority should dis- able and discriminatory," and that " it courage any sort of recreation on any day in interfered with the prerogatives of cit- the week. A citizen's Sunday should be his izens of California to work on any day own." of the week." The justice was right. The editor of the World, like many To penalize a man for doing honorable clergymen, got mixed on his Bible au- and otherwise legitimate work on Sun- thority for Sunday observance. There days is a direct tax upon religious liberty is not a single injunction within the lids and a plain discrimination by civil law of the Bible. from Genesis to Revelation. in favor of a day held sacred by a cer- which forbids labor or recreation on tain class of religionists who are clamor- Sunday. The Bible enjoins Sabbath ing for religion enforced by law. Drastic Sunday Bill Introduced into Congress

VERY drastic Sunday bill was of the Methodist Episcopal Church of introduced into Congress by Sen- Washington, D. C., and the secretary of A ator Jones of the State of Wash- the Lord's Day Alliance, of Baltimore, ington, May 2, which, if enacted into law Md., drafted the bill and requested him and enforced, will give the District of to introduce it. This bill is simply an Columbia the bluest kind of blue Sun- entering wedge, the Lord's Day Alliance day law. asserts, and is to become a model Sun- All labor and business of a " secular " day law for the whole nation after Con- nature are prohibited under penalties, gress passes it for the District of Colum- except " works of necessity and charity." bia. Dr. H. L. Bowlby, superintendent All " secular and commercial " " sports of the Lord's Day Alliance, said some or amusements " are placed under the months since, as reported by a leading ban. Under the provisions of this bill, Philadelphia paper : the law would prohibit the printing of " We shall agitate and spread propa- Sunday newspapers, the sale of news- ganda, and cause voters to write unceas- papers, and of all commodities. It not ingly to their Representatives in Con- only closes the " movies and theaters " gress, until no Congressman who cares on Sundays, but prohibits the use of any to stay in Congress will dare to refuse public hall for lecture purposes on to vote for our measures. These were science, history, biography, travelogues; the methods used by the Anti-Saloon in fact, all meetings and lectures are League; and they were effective." prohibited except religious and char- " Of course," continued Dr. Bowlby, itable meetings. It would stop the Bob " we shall back no law that would com- Lawrence Community Musical sings on pel a man or a woman to attend church. Sunday nights, of which some of the min- But we believe that if we take away a isters of Washington, D. C., have been so man's motor car, his golf sticks, his Sun- jealous. day newspaper, his horses, his pleasure This bill bears every earmark of being steamships, amusement houses, and a religious measure. Even the railroad parks, and prohibit him from playing and street car corporations, in fact, all outdoor games, or witnessing field sports, corporations which operate of necessity he naturally will drift back to church." for seven days each week, are compelled The Methodist Episcopal Church, to give their employees " twenty-four South, a year or two since, framed a na- consecutive hours " of rest on Sunday or tional Sunday bill of the bluest hue, even some other day each week. prohibiting the railroads from running Those who conscientiously and re- trains of any kind on Sunday, suggest- ligiously observe some other day than ing the cancellation of their charters if Sunday as " holy time " are exempted they did so. under one provision, and under another It is high time that we take alarm at. this privilege is nullified so that they these Puritanic encroachments upon our will be compelled to observe two days blood-bought American and Constitu- each week as " holy time," according to tional liberties. We earnestly ask all the proposed law. lovers of liberty to help us fight this un- Senator Jones says he did not draft American measure and keep the church the bill, but Dr. Clarenep True Wilson, organizations from dominating our po- general secretary of the Board of Tem- litical institutions. Unless this present- perance, Prohibition, and Public Morals day tendency of mixing religion and 95 96 LIBERTY politics is checked, it will not be long the same Christ as the Saviour and Redeemer of the world' whom these same churches wor- till our government will be tyrannized ship and adore, and he is just as sure that sal- again by religious organizations and the vation can be had only through the cross' as conscience of the individual submerged they. But it seems he does not believe that by oppressive religious legislation. either God or His Word needs the sword of The bill is known as S. 3218. When the civil law' to bring men to repentance or to fill the heart of society with 'that love that Congress reconvenes in the fall we will passeth all understanding!' have to meet this issue, as a strong effort " The issue about to be made as to whether will be made to rush it through both men may serve God according to the dictates houses during the winter session. On of their consciences as a Constitutional, if not a spiritual,' privilege is pressing, and, per- request we will furnish petitions of pro- haps, may come sooner for settlement than men test against this bill for signatures, which think; and it is fraught with momentous con- ought to be returned to our office until sequences." Congress reconvenes, and after that they St Of ill should be forwarded directly to the Sen- HON. A. 0. STANLEY, United States ators from the States where the petitions Senator from Kentucky, says : are secured. " There is not at this hour left a single in- It ft estimable privilege' or inalienable right' men- tioned in the Declaration of Independence and " Religion by Law " secured by the Constitution which is not openly THE Daily Times, of Chattanooga, invaded or secretly undermined by some pa- Tenn., on April 17 printed an interest- ternalistic project or subversive propaganda." ing editorial under the above caption, This is true, and one of two things is based on a report sent out by the Asso- inevitable,— either the Constitution must ciated Press concerning an address de- be maintained and these local laws which livered by the editor of the LIBERTY mag- violate the spirit and letter of the Con- azine at a mass meeting in Jersey City, stitution must be repealed, or we shall where more than ten thousand people lose our free republican institutions. were recently indicted for violating an it it old-time, worn-out blue Sunday law. The editor rightfully emphasizes the stupen- No newspapers were on sale in Thomas- dous fact that the future settlement of ville, Ga., Sunday, April 27. Subscrib- this much-agitated religious question by ers received theirs through mails or had law " is fraught with momentous con- them delivered. They lent their papers sequences." The editorial is as follows : to their less fortunate friends, who were in the habit of getting them from the " On the subject of laws compelling the ob- servance of Sunday and compulsory religious newsboys. One Atlanta paper sent its instruction in the schools, the Rev. C. S. Long- Sunday edition down on the train ar- acre, head of the National Religious Liberty riving in Thomasville at seven-thirty Association, with headquarters in Washington Saturday night, and it was sold by the City, said the other day, in an address in Jersey City: newsboys on the streets that night. " Once the principle of Sunday regulation it it it asked by the churches is admitted, who will say where is the end? The agitation to make A Correction everything " blue " on Sunday, is evidence that IN the last issue of LIBERTY we made a the church has left its lofty sphere of saving mistake by crediting to the city council souls, and has plunged into the political arena. Too many ministers favor the substitution of of Chattanooga the defeat or repeal of the policeman's club for the tender appeal of the a " blue Sunday " ordinance, which cross. They favor the establishment of religion should have been credited to the city by law and its enforcement by a magistrate.' council of Knoxville, Tenn. "Dr. Longacre is a Seventh-day Adventist, to be sure, but he believes in the same Bible The mistake was due to the wrong taught and believed in by the evangelical Prot- marking of a newspaper clipping. estant churches; he believes in and worships L. YOUTHFUL 3 !'s WITNESSES Youthful Witnesses By W. A. Spicer This is a new book of thrilling experi- ences and tales of heroism of young men and women and children who have stood the most severe tests in defense of the Christian faith.

After briefly touching the experiences of the young men and women of the Bible. whose noble examples of fortitude are a standing lesson to the youth of all generations, the author carries the reader down the stream of time, through the pagan persecution, papal darkness, the Reformation, and the present world-wide mission activities, and introduces him to real heroes and heroines of all these times. Cloth, illustrated, 255 pages. Price, $1.50. REVIEW AND HERALD PUB. ASSN. TAKomA PARK, WASHINGTON, D. C.

History of the Waldenses From the Original Edition by J. A. Wylie An undaunted people who stood for their conscientious religious convictions, and whose lives history records among the greatest.

The wonderful experiences of these people, who chose to worship God according to the dictates of their own conscience amid the darkness of the Middle Ages, is thrillingly told, and will be an inspiration to the people of this day and age. It will instill into the heart of the reader a keen sense of right, and an unfaltering determination to abide by it, against all intimidation or flattery. Cloth, illustrated. 206 pages. Price, $1. REVIEW AND HERALD PUB. ASSN. TAKOM A PARK, WASHINGTON, D. C. FOREFATHERS' NW\ UAW NT, PLYMOUTH, NIASS.

On the front of this monument is this inscription: "National Monument to the Forefathers, erected by a grate- ful people in remembrance of their labors, sacrifices, and suffer- ings for the cause of Civil and Religious Liberty."

This is a ease in which men Minded better than they knew. They sought liberty only for thtmsetves; others went beyond them, and asserted liberty for all men.

© 1906, by A. S. Burbank, Plymouth, Mass.