Endangered, Threatened, Special Concern, and Probably Extirpated
March, 1999
This list presents the Endangered (E), Threatened (T), and Probably Extirpated (X) animal species of Michigan, which are protected under the Endangered Species Act of the State of Michigan (Part 365 of PA 451, 1994 Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act). The current list became effective on March 20, 1999, after extensive review by technical advisors to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and the citizenry of the state.
Also included in this list are animal species of Special Concern (SC). While not afforded legal protection under the Act, many of these species are of concern because of declining or relict populations in the state. Should these species continue to decline, they would be recommended for Threatened or Endangered status. Protection of Special Concern species now, before they reach dangerously low population levels, would prevent the need to list them in the future by maintaining adequate numbers of self-sustaining populations within Michigan. Some other potentially rare species are listed as Special Concern pending more precise information on their status in the state; when such information becomes available, they could be moved to threatened or endangered status or deleted from the list.
This list was produced by the Endangered Species Program of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and the Michigan Natural Features Inventory. English names in common usage or from published sources have been incorporated, when possible, to facilitate public understanding of and participation in the Endangered Species Program. To comment on the list or request additional copies, or for information on the Endangered Species Program, contact the Endangered Species Coordinator, Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Michigan Natural Natural Resources, P.O. Box 30028, Lansing, MI 48909 (517-373-1263). To report Features Inventory occurrences of these species, contact the Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Mason P.O. Box 30444 Building, P.O. Box 30444, Lansing, MI 48909-7944 (517-373-1552). Lansing, MI 48909-7944
(517) 373-1552 FAX: (517) 373-6705
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MI Current species status under the Michigan Endangered Species Act reviewed during 1996-98. 1999 Endangered and Threatened designations are legally effective as of March 20, 1999.
U.S. Species status under the Federal Endangered Species Act as of January 26, 1998. LE, LT (Listed 1998 Endangered, Listed Threatened) = Species has been officially listed as either Endangered (E), or Threatened (T). P (Proposed) = Species has been officially proposed for listing. PS (Partial Status) = Status in only a portion of the species’ range. C (Candidate) = Species being considered for federal status.
( ) Common synonyms of species names accepted by the State Technical Committees.
GLOBAL AND STATE RANKS
GLOBAL RANKS
G1 = critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences range-wide or very few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. G2 = imperiled globally because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. G3 = either very rare and local throughout its range or found locally (even abundantly at some of its locations) in a restricted range (e.g. a single western state, a physiographic region in the East) or because of other factor(s) making it vulnerable to extinction throughout its range; in terms of occurrences, in the range of 21 to 100. G4 = apparently secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. G5 = demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. GH = of historical occurrence throughout its range, i.e. formerly part of the established biota, with the expectation that it may be rediscovered (e.g. Bachman's Warbler). GU = possibly in peril range-wide, but status uncertain; need more information. GX = believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g. Passenger Pigeon) with virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered.
STATE RANKS
S1 = critically imperiled in the state because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation in the state. S2 = imperiled in state because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state. S3 = rare or uncommon in state (on the order of 21 to 100 occurrences). S4 = apparently secure in state, with many occurrences. S5 = demonstrably secure in state and essentially ineradicable under present conditions. SA = accidental in state, including species (usually birds or butterflies) recorded once or twice or only at very great intervals, hundreds or even thousands of miles outside their usual range. SE = an exotic established in the state; may be native elsewhere in North America (e.g. house finch or catalpa in eastern states). SH = of historical occurrence in state and suspected to be still extant. SN = regularly occurring, usually migratory and typically nonbreeding species. SR = reported from state, but without persuasive documentation which would provide a basis for either accepting or rejecting the report. SRF = reported falsely (in error) from state but this error persisting in the literature. SU = possibly in peril in state, but status uncertain; need more information. SX = apparently extirpated from state STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Amphibians Acris crepitans blanchardi Hylidae SC S2S3 G5T5 Blanchard's cricket frog Ambystoma opacum Ambystomatidae T S1 G5 Marbled salamander Ambystoma texanum Ambystomatidae E S1 G5 Smallmouth salamander Pseudacris triseriata maculata Hylidae SC S1 G5T5 Boreal chorus frog
Birds Accipiter cooperii Accipitridae SC S3S4 G5 Cooper's hawk Accipiter gentilis Accipitridae SC S3 G5 Northern goshawk Ammodramus henslowii Emberizidae T S2S3 G4 Henslow's sparrow Ammodramus savannarum Emberizidae SC S3S4 G5 Grasshopper sparrow Asio flammeus Strigidae E S1 G5 Short-eared owl Asio otus Strigidae T S2 G5 Long-eared owl Botaurus lentiginosus Ardeidae SC S3S4 G4 American bittern Buteo lineatus Accipitridae T S3S4 G5 Red-shouldered hawk Charadrius melodus Charadriidae E LE S1 G3 Piping plover Chlidonias niger Laridae SC S3 G4 Black tern Chondestes grammacus Emberizidae X SX G5 Lark sparrow Circus cyaneus Accipitridae SC S3 G5 Northern harrier Cistothorus palustris Troglodytidae SC S3S4 G5 Marsh wren Coturnicops noveboracensis Rallidae T S1S2 G4 Yellow rail Cygnus buccinator Anatidae T S3 G4 Trumpeter swan Dendroica cerulea Parulidae SC S3 G4 Cerulean warbler
1
Revised as of November 15, 2000 STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Dendroica discolor Parulidae E S1 G5 Prairie warbler Dendroica dominica Parulidae T S1 G5 Yellow-throated warbler Dendroica kirtlandii Parulidae E LE S1 G1 Kirtland's warbler Falcipennis canadensis Phasianidae SC S2S3 G5 Spruce grouse Falco columbarius Falconidae T S1S2 G5 Merlin Falco peregrinus Falconidae E S1 G4 Peregrine falcon Gallinula chloropus Rallidae SC S3 G5 Common moorhen Gavia immer Gaviidae T S3S4 G5 Common loon Haliaeetus leucocephalus Accipitridae T LT S4 G4 Bald eagle Ixobrychus exilis Ardeidae T S2 G5 Least bittern Lanius ludovicianus migrans Laniidae E S1 G5T3Q Migrant loggerhead shrike Nycticorax nycticorax Ardeidae SC S2S3 G5 Black-crowned night-heron Pandion haliaetus Accipitridae T S4 G5 Osprey Phalaropus tricolor Scolopacidae SC SN G5 Wilson's phalarope Picoides arcticus Picidae SC S2 G5 Black-backed woodpecker Protonotaria citrea Parulidae SC S3 G5 Prothonotary warbler Rallus elegans Rallidae E S1 G4G5 King rail Seiurus motacilla Parulidae SC S2S3 G5 Louisiana waterthrush Spiza americana Cardinalidae SC S3 G5 Dickcissel Sterna caspia Laridae T S2 G5 Caspian tern Sterna forsteri Laridae SC S2 G5 Forster's tern Sterna hirundo Laridae T S2 G5 Common tern
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Revised as of November 15, 2000 STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Sturnella neglecta Icteridae SC S4 G5 Western meadowlark Tympanuchus phasianellus Phasianidae SC S3S4 G4 Sharp-tailed grouse Tyto alba Tytonidae E S1 G5 Barn owl Wilsonia citrina Parulidae SC S3 G5 Hooded warbler Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Icteridae SC S2 G5 Yellow-headed blackbird
Fish Acipenser fulvescens Acipenseridae T S2 G3 Lake sturgeon Ammocrypta pellucida Percidae T S1S2 G3 Eastern sand darter Clinostomus elongatus Cyprinidae E S1S2 G4 Redside dace Coregonus artedi Salmonidae T S3 G5 Cisco or lake herring Coregonus bartlettii Salmonidae SC S1 GHQ Siskiwit lake cisco Coregonus hubbsi Salmonidae SC S1 G1Q Ives lake cisco Coregonus johannae Salmonidae X SX GX Deepwater cisco Coregonus kiyi Salmonidae SC S3 G3 Kiyi Coregonus nigripinnis Salmonidae X SX GXQ Blackfin cisco Coregonus reighardi Salmonidae X SH G1 Shortnose cisco Coregonus zenithicus Salmonidae T S2 G2 Shortjaw cisco Cottus ricei Cottidae SC S3 G5 Spoonhead sculpin Erimyzon oblongus Catostomidae E S1S2 G5 Creek chubsucker Etheostoma zonale Percidae SC S1 G5 Banded darter Fundulus notti Cyprinodontidae SC S2 G5 Starhead topminnow Hiodon tergisus Hiodontidae T S2 G5 Mooneye
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Revised as of November 15, 2000 STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Hybopsis storeriana Cyprinidae SC S2S3 G5 Silver chub Ictiobus niger Catostomidae SC S3 G5 Black buffalo Lepisosteus oculatus Lepisosteidae SC S2S3 G5 Spotted gar Moxostoma carinatum Catostomidae T S1 G4 River redhorse Notropis amblops Cyprinidae X SH G5 Bigeye chub Notropis anogenus Cyprinidae SC S3 G3 Pugnose shiner Notropis chalybaeus Cyprinidae X S1 G5 Ironcolor shiner Notropis photogenis Cyprinidae E S1 G5 Silver shiner Notropis texanus Cyprinidae X S1 G5 Weed shiner Noturus miurus Ictaluridae SC S2S3 G5 Brindled madtom Noturus stigmosus Ictaluridae E S1 G3 Northern madtom Opsopoeodus emiliae Cyprinidae E S1 G5 Pugnose minnow Percina copelandi Percidae E S1S2 G4 Channel darter Percina shumardi Percidae E S1 G5 River darter Phoxinus erythrogaster Cyprinidae E S1 G5 Southern redbelly dace Polyodon spathula Polyodontidae X SX G4 Paddlefish Stizostedion canadense Percidae T S1 G5 Sauger Stizostedion vitreum glaucum Percidae X SX G5TX Bluepike Thymallus arcticus Salmonidae X (PS) SX G5 Arctic grayling
Insects: Beetles Brychius hungerfordi Haliplidae E LE S1 G1 Hungerford's crawling water beetle Dryobius sexnotatus Cerambycidae SC SH G? Six-banded longhorn beetle
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Revised as of November 15, 2000 STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Liodessus cantralli Dytiscidae SC S1S3 G? Cantrall's bog beetle Lordithon niger Staphylinidae SC SH G1 Black lordithon rove beetle Nicrophorus americanus Silphidae E LE S1 G1 American burying beetle Stenelmis douglasensis Elmidae SC S1S2 G1G3 Douglas stenelmis riffle beetle
Insects: Butterflies & Moths Acronicta falcula Noctuidae SC S2S3 GU Corylus dagger moth Atrytonopsis hianna Hesperiidae T S2S3 G4G5 Dusted skipper Basilodes pepita Noctuidae SC S1S2 G4 Gold moth Battus philenor Papilionidae SC S1S2 G5 Pipevine swallowtail Boloria freija Nymphalidae SC S3S4 G5 Freija fritillary Boloria frigga Nymphalidae SC S3S4 G5 Frigga fritillary Brachionycha borealis Noctuidae SC S1S2 G4 Boreal brachionyncha Calephelis mutica Riodinidae SC S1S2 G3G4 Swamp metalmark Catocala amestris Noctuidae E S1 G4 Three-staff underwing Catocala dulciola Noctuidae SC S1S2 G3 Quiet underwing Catocala illecta Noctuidae SC S2S3 G5 Magdalen underwing Catocala robinsoni Noctuidae SC S2S3 G4 Robinson's underwing Chlosyne gorgone carlota Nymphalidae SC S2S3 G5T5 Gorgone checkerspot Eacles imperialis pini Saturniidae SC S2S3 G5T3 Pine imperial moth Erebia discoidalis Nymphalidae SC S2S3 G5 Red-disked alpine Erora laeta Lycaenidae SC S2S3 G4 Early hairstreak Erynnis baptisiae Hesperiidae SC S2S3 G5 Wild indigo duskywing
5
Revised as of November 15, 2000 STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Erynnis persius persius Hesperiidae T S3 G5T2T3 Persius duskywing Euchloe ausonides Pieridae SC S1S2 G5 Large marble Euphyes dukesi Hesperiidae T S1 G3 Dukes' skipper Euxoa aurulenta Noctuidae SC S1S2 G5 Dune cutworm Fixsenia favonius ontario Lycaenidae SC S1 G4T4 Northern hairstreak Hemileuca maia Saturniidae SC S2S3 G5 Barrens buckmoth Hesperia ottoe Hesperiidae T S1S2 G3G4 Ottoe skipper Heterocampa subrotata Notodontidae SC S1S2 G4G5 Small heterocampa Heteropacha rileyana Lasiocampidae SC S1S2 G4 Riley's lappet moth Incisalia henrici Lycaenidae SC S2S3 G5 Henry's elfin Incisalia irus Lycaenidae T S2S3 G3 Frosted elfin Lycaeides idas nabokovi Lycaenidae T S2 G5TU Northern blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis Lycaenidae T LE S2 G5T2 Karner blue Merolonche dolli Noctuidae SC S1S2 G3G4 Doll's merolonche Meropleon ambifusca Noctuidae SC S1S2 G2G4 Newman's brocade Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii Nymphalidae E LE S1 G1G2T1T2 Mitchell's satyr Oarisma poweshiek Hesperiidae T S1S2 G2 Poweshiek skipperling Oeneis macounii Nymphalidae SC S2S3 G5 Macoun's arctic Oncocnemis piffardi Noctuidae SC S1S2 G4 3-striped oncocnemis Pachypolia atricornis Noctuidae SC S1S2 G3G4 Three-horned moth Papaipema aweme Noctuidae SC SH GH Aweme borer Papaipema beeriana Noctuidae SC S1S2 G3 Blazing star borer
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Revised as of November 15, 2000 STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Papaipema cerina Noctuidae SC S1S2 G4 Golden borer Papaipema maritima Noctuidae SC S1S2 G4 Maritime sunflower borer Papaipema sciata Noctuidae SC S2S3 G3G4 Culvers root borer Papaipema silphii Noctuidae T S1S2 G3G4 Silphium borer moth Papaipema speciosissima Noctuidae SC S2S3 G4 Regal fern borer Phyciodes batesii Nymphalidae SC S4 G4 Tawny crescent Polygonia gracilis Nymphalidae SC S3 G5 Hoary comma Proserpinus flavofasciata Sphingidae SC S2S3 G4 Yellow-banded day-sphinx Pygarctia spraguei Arctiidae SC S2S3 G3G4 Sprague's pygarctia Pyrgus centaureae wyandot Hesperiidae SC S1S2 G2 Grizzled skipper Schinia indiana Noctuidae E S1S2 GU Phlox moth Schinia lucens Noctuidae E S1 G4 Leadplant flower moth Spartiniphaga inops Noctuidae SC S1S2 G3G4 Spartina moth Speyeria idalia Nymphalidae E SH G3 Regal fritillary
Insects: Cicadas & Hoppers Dorydiella kansana Cicadellidae SC S1S2 G? Leafhopper Flexamia delongi Cicadellidae SC S1S2 G? Leafhopper Flexamia huroni Cicadellidae SC S1 G? Leafhopper Flexamia reflexa Cicadellidae SC S1 G? Leafhopper Lepyronia angulifera Cercopidae SC S1S2 G3 Angular spittlebug Lepyronia gibbosa Cercopidae T S1S2 G3G4 Great Plains spittlebug Philaenarcys killa Cercopidae SC S1S2 G? Spittlebug
7
Revised as of November 15, 2000 STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Prosapia ignipectus Cercopidae SC S2S3 G4 Red-legged spittlebug
Insects: Dragonflies & Damselflies Cordulegaster erronea Cordulegasteridae SC S1S2 G4 Tiger spiketail Gomphus lineatifrons Gomphidae SC S2S3 G4 Splendid clubtail Gomphus quadricolor Gomphidae SC S2S3 G3G4 Rapids clubtail Ophiogomphus anomalus Gomphidae SC S1 G3 Extra-striped snaketail Ophiogomphus howei Gomphidae SC S1 G3 Pygmy snaketail Somatochlora hineana Corduliidae E LE S1 G2G3 Hine’s emerald Somatochlora incurvata Corduliidae SC S1S2 G4 Incurvate emerald Stylurus amnicola Gomphidae SC S1S2 G3 Riverine snaketail Stylurus laurae Gomphidae SC S1S2 G4 Laura's snaketail Stylurus notatus Gomphidae SC S1S2 G3 Elusive snaketail Stylurus plagiatus Gomphidae SC S1S2 G5 Russet-tipped clubtail Tachopteryx thoreyi Petaluridae SC S1S3 G4 Grey petaltail Williamsonia fletcheri Corduliidae SC S1S2 G3G4 Ebony boghaunter
Insects: Grasshoppers & Crickets Appalachia arcana Acrididae SC S2S3 G2G3 Secretive locust Atlanticus davisi Tettigoniidae SC S2S3 G? Davis's shield-bearer Melanoplus flavidus Acrididae SC S1S3 G? Blue-legged locust Neoconocephalus lyristes Tettigoniidae SC S1S3 G? Bog conehead Neoconocephalus retusus Tettigoniidae SC S1 G? Conehead grasshopper Oecanthus laricis Gryllidae SC S1S2 G1G2 Tamarack tree cricket
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Revised as of November 15, 2000 STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Oecanthus pini Gryllidae SC S1S2 G? Pinetree cricket Orchelimum concinnum Tettigoniidae SC S2S3 G? Red-faced meadow katydid Orchelimum delicatum Tettigoniidae SC S1S3 G? Delicate meadow katydid Orphulella pelidna pelidna Acrididae SC S1S3 G?T? Barrens locust Paroxya hoosieri Acrididae SC S2S3 G? Hoosier locust Psinidia fenestralis fenestralis Acrididae SC S1S3 G?T? Atlantic-coast locust Scudderia fasciata Phaneropteridae SC S1S3 G? Pine katydid Trimerotropis huroniana Acrididae T S2S3 G2G3 Lake Huron locust
Mammals Alces alces Cervidae SC S4 G5 Moose Canis lupus Canidae E LE S3 G4 Gray wolf Cryptotis parva Soricidae T S1S2 G5 Least shrew Felis concolor Felidae E LE SH G5 Cougar Lynx canadensis Felidae E PT SH G5T2Q Lynx Microtus ochrogaster Muridae E S1 G5 Prairie vole Microtus pinetorum Muridae SC S3S4 G5 Woodland vole Myotis sodalis Vespertilionidae E LE S1 G2 Indiana bat or Indiana myotis Pipistrellus subflavus Vespertilionidae SC S2 G5 Eastern pipistrelle Sorex fumeus Soricidae SC S1 G5 Smoky shrew
Mussels Alasmidonta marginata Unionidae SC S2S3 G4 Elktoe Alasmidonta viridis Unionidae SC S2S3 G4G5 Slippershell mussel
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Revised as of November 15, 2000 STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Anodonta subgibbosa Unionidae T S1 G5T?Q Lake floater Cyclonaias tuberculata Unionidae SC S2S3 G5 Purple wartyback Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua Unionidae E LE SH G1T1 White catspaw Epioblasma torulosa rangiana Unionidae E LE S1 G2T2 Northern riffleshell Epioblasma triquetra Unionidae E S1 G3 Snuffbox Lampsilis fasciola Unionidae T S2 G4 Wavy-rayed lampmussel Leptodea leptodon Unionidae SC PE SU G1 Scaleshell Obovaria olivaria Unionidae SC S2S3 G4 Hickorynut Obovaria subrotunda Unionidae E S1 G4 Round hickorynut Pleurobema clava Unionidae E LE S1 G2 Clubshell Pleurobema coccineum Unionidae SC S2S3 G4 Round pigtoe Simpsonaias ambigua Unionidae E S1 G3 Salamander mussel Toxolasma lividus Unionidae E S1 G2 Purple lilliput Venustaconcha ellipsiformis Unionidae SC S2S3 G3G4 Ellipse Villosa fabalis Unionidae E S1 G1G2 Rayed bean Villosa iris Unionidae SC S2S3 G5 Rainbow
Reptiles Clemmys guttata Emydidae T S2 G5 Spotted turtle Clemmys insculpta Emydidae SC S2S3 G4 Wood turtle Clonophis kirtlandii Colubridae E S1 G2 Kirtland's snake Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Teiidae SC SU G5 Six-lined racerunner Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta Colubridae SC S3 G5T5 Black rat snake
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Revised as of November 15, 2000 STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Elaphe vulpina gloydi Colubridae T S2 G5T3 Eastern fox snake Emydoidea blandingii Emydidae SC S3 G4 Blanding's turtle Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta Colubridae E LT S1 G5T2T3 Copperbelly watersnake Sistrurus catenatus catenatus Viperidae SC C S3S4 G3G4T3T4 Eastern massasauga Terrapene carolina carolina Emydidae SC S2S3 G5T5 Eastern box turtle
Snails Acella haldemani Lymnaeidae SC S3 G3 Spindle lymnaea Anguispira kochi Discidae SC SU G? Banded globe Appalachina sayana Polygyridae SC SU G4G5 (Mesodon sayanus) Spike-lip crater Catinella exile Succineidae SC SU G1G2 Land snail Discus patulus Discidae SC SU G5 Domed disc Euconulus alderi Euconulidae SC S2 G? Land snail Fontigens nickliniana Hydrobiidae SC SU G4 Watercress snail Gastrocopta holzingeri Pupillidae SC S1 G4G5 Land snail Guppya sterkii Helicarionidae SC S1 G4G5 Land snail Hendersonia occulta Helicinidae T S1 G4 Cherrystone drop Mesodon elevatus Polygyridae SC SU G5 Proud globe Mesomphix cupreus Zonitidae SC SU G5 Copper button Philomycus carolinianus Philomycidae SC SU G5 Carolina mantleslug Planogyra asteriscus Valloniidae SC S3 G? Eastern flat-whorl Planorbella multivolvis Planorbidae E SX GX Acorn ramshorn
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Revised as of November 15, 2000 STATUS RANK SPECIES FAMILY MI US STATE GLOBAL
Planorbella smithi Planorbidae SC S2 G? Aquatic snail Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis Pomatiopsidae SC SU G4 Brown walker Pupilla muscorum Pupillidae SC SU G4 Land snail Pyrgulopsis letsoni Hydrobiidae SC SU G5 Gravel pyrg Stagnicola contracta Lymnaeidae T S1 G1 Deepwater pondsnail Stagnicola petoskeyensis Lymnaeidae E SH GH Petoskey pondsnail Vallonia gracilicosta albula Valloniidae SC S1 G? Land snail Vertigo bollesiana Pupillidae SC S2 G3 Land snail Vertigo cristata Pupillidae SC S3 G? Land snail Vertigo elatior Pupillidae SC S3 G? Land snail Vertigo hubrichti Pupillidae SC S2 G2 Land snail Vertigo modesta Pupillidae SC S1 G5 Land snail Vertigo modesta parietalis Pupillidae SC S1 G5T? Land snail Vertigo morsei Pupillidae SC S2 G? Land snail Vertigo nylanderi Pupillidae SC S1 G? Land snail Vertigo paradoxa Pupillidae SC S3 G2G4 Land snail Vertigo pygmaea Pupillidae SC SU G4 Land snail Xolotrema denotata Polygyridae SC SU G5 (Triodopsis denotata) Velvet wedge
12
Revised as of November 15, 2000