Index

active scanning, 255 IP applications in, 279 QoS in the CN, 225 Address Resolution Protocol, 18–19 LC control channel, 269 R-P interface (A10/A11 interface), addressing, 16 link types, 264 221–222 ANYCAST, 30 LM control channel, 269–270 radio interface, 325 Bluetooth, 267 logical link control, 270 radio network, 216 IEEE 802.11 family, 250–251 OBEX, 272 cellular telephony in cellular networks, 138–139 overview, 261, 360 addressing, 138–139 IP, 27, 139–141 packet format, 267–268 core network, 45–46 IPv4 architecture, 27–28 packet types, 268 frequency reuse, 47–48 IPv6 architecture, 29–31 piconet, 265–266, 268 handovers, 49 Multicast, 30 profiles, 275, 276 mobility, 49–50 overview, 137–138 profiles, cordless telephony, 277 multiple access, 46–47 subnetting. (see subnetting) profiles, dialup networking, 277 radio access network, 43–45 Unicast, 29–30 profiles, fax, 278 speech and channel coding, 48–49 usage, 17 profiles, generic access, 276 Cerf, Vincent, 4 Advanced Mobile Phone Service, 50–51 profiles, generic object exchange, 278 charging gateway function, 164 Advanced Research Projects Agency, 3 profiles, headset, 277 cHTML, 295 All-IP NAM, 328–326 profiles, LAN access, 278 CIDR. See Classless Internet Domain American Registry for Internet Numbers, profiles, serial port, 277 Routing 10 profiles, service discovery, 276 Clark, Dave, 4 AMPS. See Advanced Mobile Phone Ser- profiles, synchronization, 278 Class field, 17 vice; D-AMPS radio protocol, 264–265 Classless Internet Domain Routing, 29 APNIC. See Asia Pacific Network Infor- RFCOMM, 271 Code Division Multiple Access mation Centre scatternet, 265–266 2000. (see ) architecture, Internet security, 272–275 architecture, 57–58, 119, 121–122 connectivity as goal, 5 service discovery protocol, 270–271 async data, 123–125 features, original architecture, 6 structure of membership, 360–362 bands, 117–118 features, present-day architecture, 6 system elements, 264 Base Station, 121, 122 organization, 6, 8 technology, 262–264 channels, 58–59 architecture, Universal Mobile Telecom- Telephony Control protocol, 272 communication equipment, 121 munications System UA user channel, 269 data capabilities, 119 GERAN, 199–200 UI user channel, 269 fax protocol, 123–125 overview, 196–198 US user channel, 269 functionalities, network, 118 packet switched core network, 200–201 vs. IEEE11b, 280 inter-working function, 121 user equipment, 198 Bolt Beranek and Newman, 3 interfaces, 59 UTRAN, 199–200 Border Gateway Protocol, 33–34 IS-41, 59, 60 ARIN. See American Registry for Internet IS-95-A, 119 Numbers CCITT. See Consultive Committee on IS-95-B, 119 ARP. See Address Resolution Protocol International Telephony and Tele- link layer, 126 ARPA. See Advanced Research Projects graphy mobile switching center, 121 Agency CDMA. See Code Division Multiple Ac- modem, 122 ARPANET, 3, 4, 5 cess network layer, 126 Asia Pacific Network Information Centre, cdma2000, 60 overview, 117–119 10, 11 A1 interface, 222 protocol architecture, 122–126 authentication, 152 A10/A11 interface, 221–222 protocol stack architecture, 125–126 authentication center, 45, 54 A8/A9 interface, 222 relay layer, 126 autonomous systems, 6 AAA services, 214 spread spectrum, 56, 57 All-IP NAM, 328–336 terminal equipment, 121 backbones, 6 evolution, 326–328 transport layer, 124 Bell telephone company, 42, 43 home agent, 216 wireless Internet access, 127–129 Berners-Lee, Tim, 26 IP routing, 216–217 confidentiality, 152 Bluetooth IP, application, 228–231 Consultive Committee on International adaptation protocol, 270–271 IP, mobile, 217–218, 220–221 Telephony and Telegraphy, 13 addressing, 267 IP, simple, 216–217, 219 Crocker, Steve, 4 authentication, 274 link access control, 226 baseband protocol, 265 MAC, 227–228 D-AMPS, 51–52. See also Advanced Mo- channels/links, physical, 266, 267 mobility management, 222–225 bile Phone Service encryption, 274, 275 network access development, 325–326 datagrams, IP, 17–18. See also routing errors, correcting, 268–269 network, core, future predictions for, DHCP. See Dynamic Host Configuration history, 262, 341–342 336–338 Protocol host control interface, 270 overview, 213–214 Diffserv, 17, 151 Infrared Data Association technology, packet control function, 216 digital AMPS. See D-AMPS 279–280 packet data serving node, 215 direct sequence spread spectrum, 57

369 370 Index

DNS. See Domain Name System GPRS Tunneling Protocol, 166, 167–169 security, 251–252 Domain Name System, 6, 36. see also Universal Mobile Telecommunications service set, independent basic, 241–242 naming System, use in, 205–207 standards bodies, 357–360 elements, 37 GRX. See GPRS eXchange station services, 253 DS field. See Diffserv field GSM. See Global System for Mobile Com- synchronization, 255–256 DSSS. See direct sequence spread spec- munications vs. Bluetooth, 280 trum GTP. See GPRS Tunneling Protocol WLAN systems, developing, 257–259 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, IETF, 356–357 38–39 handover, 146–148 IMP. See Interface Message Processor healthcare industry, use of mobile tech- infotainment, 300 e-commerce, 1 nology in, 315 Infrared Data Association, 279 e-mail, 9 Hello packets, 33 Inst-Serv, 151 EDGE, 60 high-speed circuit switched data integrity checking, 152 EGPRS-136 HS, 114 air interface, 84–85 Inter System-Inter System, 33 encryption, 152 call setup, 84 Interface Message Processor, 3–4 exchange points, 6, 8 configuration change, 84 international mobile equipment identity, exterior gateway protocols, 33–34 connection setup, 83 138 overview, 82–83 international mobile station identifier, fax transmission resource downgrading, 84 138 GSM, using, 79–80 resource upgrading, 84 International Organization for Standard- via CDMA, 131 home location register, 45 ization, 13 Federal Communications Commission, 43 HSCSD. See high-speed circuit switched Internet fragmentation, 16, 17–18 data applications, 8, 9 frequency hopping, 56 HTTP. See Hypertext Transfer Protocol architecture. (see architecture, Internet) ftp, 25, 26 Hypertext Transfer Protocol as networks, collection of, 3 overview, 26 definition, 2 gaming, 314 properties, 26, 27 future predictions, 11 General Packet Radio Service, 60 URI concept, 27 growth, 2–3, 5 architecture, network, 162, 163, 164, usage, 10, 27 history, 3–5 165 Internet2. (see Internet2) architecture, protocol. (see protocol, I-Mode mobile, surfing, 309–312 architecture, GPRS) business objectives, 292–293 model. (see Internet model) border gateway, 164 FOMA, 296 organization, 6, 8 charging gateway function, 164 network architecture, 292 origins, 2, 3–4 gateway GPRS support note, 163 protocol stack, 293–294 registries. (see registries) GRX, 187–188 security, 294–295 speed, 5 home location register, 164 Wireless Application Protocol, relation- wireless access, 127–129 MM-STANDBY state, 181–182 ship between, 292–296 Internet Control Message Protocol, 18 mobility management, 169–171 ICMP. See Internet Control Message Pro- Internet model, 15–16, 16. See also Inter- overview, 161 tocol net Protocol packet control unit, 165 IEEE 802.11 Internet Protocol. See also IPv4; IPv6 radio functions. (see radio functions, 802.11a, 239–240, 247 addressing. (see addressing) GPRS) 802.11b, 238–239, 246–247 components of network, 1 roaming architecture, 185–187 access points, 242 datagram, relationship between, 17. serving mode, 163 addressing, 250–251 (see also datagrams, IP) STANDBY state, 169 association, 256 economic impact, 1 Tunneling Protocol, 166, 167–169 authentication, 256 fragmentation. (see fragmentation) vs. GSM CS dataq, 161–162 compatibility, 247 header compression, 197 Global System for Mobile Communica- contention resolution, 249–250 in Universal Mobile Telecommunica- tions. See also IS-136 networks data transfer, 256 tions System. (see Universal Mobile architecture, 63–65 distributed station services, 253–254 Telecommunications System) data services on signaling/broadcast distributed system, 243 infrastructure, 157, 158 channels. (see SMS) entities, in family, 241 location services, 311–312 fax transmission, 79–80 ESS, 243 mobility. (see mobility issues) interfaces, 54, 55 ESS, relationship between, 257 presence services, 309 Internet connection, 80–82 family operations, 254–255 radio links. (see radio links) ISDN, relationship between, 76–77 features, 237–238 RFC definition, 16 mobile application part, 55 layer, physical, 244, 245–246 services. (see services, IP) overview, 63 medium access control layer, 248 session and transport, 154–157 packet network access, 74–77, 79 overview of family, 233–235, 236 transport example, 182, 184, 185 standards, 52–53 power management, 252–253 vs. LANs, (235) subscriber identity module, 55 protocol model, 236–237 wireless networks, role in, 135–137 topology, 53–54 reassociation, 256–260 Internet service providers, 6 traffic channel data services. (see traf- reliability, 251 Internet2, 11, 12 fic channel data services, GSM) roaming, 243 Interworking Function, 45 GPRS. See General Packet Radio Service robustness, 251 Intranets, 130 GPRS roaming eXchange, 187–188 scanning, 255–256 IP Payload Compression Protocol, 142 Index 371

IPComp. See IP Payload Compression routing, 34, 35–36 MAC layer, 177, 178–182 Protocol seamless, 34 overview, 175 IPv4 second-generation networks, 52–60 RLC layer, 177, 178–182 addressing architecture, 27–28 third-generation networks, 60–61 radio link protocol, 73–74 mobile hosts, 35 Universal Mobile Telecommunications radio links IPv6 System. (see Universal Mobile delays, 143, 144 addressing architecture, 29–31 Telecommunications System) efficiency, 142–143 mobile hosts, 35 Mobile Station Application Environment, errors, 143, 144 IS-136 HS network, 113–114 304 GPRS. (see radio functions, GPRS) IS-136 networks mobile station ISDN number, 138 overview, 141–142 analog circuit switched data services, mobile switching centers, 45 rate adaptation (RA) services, GSM. See 106–107 mobility issues traffic channel data services, GSM circuit switched data services, access independence, 148–149 registries, 10, 11 overview of, 105–106 dormancy, 149, 150 Reseaux IP Europeans, 10, 11 data services model, 106 handover, 146–148 residual excited linear coding, 48–49 digital circuit switched data services, idleness, 145–146 Resource Reservation Protocol, 151 107–109, 111, 113 overview, 144–145 RFCOMM, 271 digital standards, 93–94 paging, 149, 150 RIP, 33 EGPRS-136 HS, 114 multimedia messaging, 305–308, 308–309 RIPE. See Reseaux IP Europeans IS-136 HS, 113–114 RIPv2, 33 IS-136+, 113 naming. See also Domain Name System RLP. See radio link protocol layer 1, 97, 98–99 overview of principles, 36, 37 roaming, 136 layer 2, 97, 99–100 resolvers, 37 Roberts, Lawrence, 3 layer 3, 97, 100–103 subdomains, 37 routing overview, 93–94, 95–97 National Science Foundation Network, 5 distance vector, 32 protocol stack, 108–109 network access points, 6 dynamic protocols, 31 teleservices, definitions, 103–104 network service access point identifier, for mobile hosts. (see mobile hosts) teleservices, delivery, 104–105 173 gateway protocols, 31 IS-136+ network, 113 non-repudiation, 152 link state, 32–33 ISPs. See Internet service providers NSAPI. See network service access point overview, 31 identifier RSVP. See Resource Reservation Protocol Kahn, Robert, 4 NSFNET. See National Science Founda- key management, 152 tion Network SAPI. See service access point identifier Kirstein, Peter, 4 SCTP. See Stream Control Transmission Kleinrock, Leonard, 3 OBEX, 272 Protocol Open Mobile Alliance, 363–363 security L2R. See Layer 2 Relay protocol Open Systems Interconnection, 13–14, 15 in IEEE 802.11 family, 251–252 LANs. See local area networks orthogonal frequency division multiplex- in Universal Mobile Telecommunica- Layer 2 Relay protocol, 71–73 ing, 247 tions System, 209, 210 Length field, 17 OSI. See Open Systems Interconnection in wireless IP networks, 153–154 Licklider, J.C.R., 3 OSPF, 33 in wireless networks, 153 lifestyle management, 300 overview, 152, 153 Lincoln Laboratory, 3 packet control unit, 165 terminology, 152 Little-Endian format, 267 passive scanning, 255 security association, 152 local area networks PCS networks. See IS-136 networks service access point identifier, 173 history of wireless, 235–236 personal area networks, 135–136 services, IP, 157, 158 IEEE family. (see IEEE 802.11) personal communications service net- session origins, 4 works, 93. See also IS-136 networks control/ownership, 156–157 secure corporate, 130, 313–314 Ping, 18 definition, 154 vs. IP, 235 presence services, 309 vs. transport, 155, 156 localized mobility management mecha- protocol, architecture, GPRS Session Initiation Protocol, 136 nisms, 146 Gb interface, 174 SGSN. See Subnetwork Dependent Data LLC layer, 174–175 Convergence Protocol M-commerce, 312 mobility management, 169–171 short message delivery point-to-point, MAP. See mobile application part overview, 166 104, 303 Merrill, Thomas, 3 session management, 171–172 shortest path first algorithms, 32 MILNET, 5 signaling plane, 167 SIM. See subscriber identity module MM-STANDBY state, 181–182 subnetwork dependent convergence SIP. See Session Initiation Protocol mobile application part, 55 protocol, 172–174 SMS mobile hosts. See also IS-136 networks; Tunneling Protocol, 166, 167–169 applications, 85 wireless networks user plane, 166–167 cell broadcast, 88–89 first-generation networks, 50–52 overview, 85 GSM. (see Global System for Mobile QoS, 150–152 point-to-point, 85–88 Communications) SGSN, connection to, 164 issues of mobility. (see mobility issues) radio functions, GPRS via CDMA, 129–130 network requirements, 49 channels, physical and logical, 175–177 SMS-GMSC, 164 nomadic, 34 coding schemes, channel, 177 SMS-IWMSC, 164 372 Index

SNDCP. See subnetwork dependent con- UDP. See User Datagram Protocol WDP, 285–286 vergence protocol Uniform Resource Locator wireless application environment, SPF algorithms. See shortest path first al- concept, 27 287 gorithms Universal Mobile Telecommunications wireless session protocol, 287 standards bodies System wireless transaction protocol, 3GPP, 348–352 architecture. (see architecture, Uni- 286–287 3GPP2, 352–354 versal Mobile Telecommunications Wireless Datagram Profile, 285–286 Bluetooth. (see Bluetooth) System) Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance, for Internet, 354–356 attach procedures, 208 239 IEEE, 357–360 detach procedures, 208 Wireless Markup Language, 131–132 overview, 347 features, 195–196 wireless networks. See also cellular tele- Stream Control Transmission Protocol history, 193 phony; mobile hosts fields, 25 Iu interface, 202–203 3GPP RAN evolution, 320–322 overview, 23 Iub interface, 203 3GPP Release 4 standard, 322–323 packet format, 24 Iur interface, 203 3GPP Release 5 standard, 323–324 transport service functions, 23, 24 layers, 203 3GPP2 Standard evolution, overview, subdomains, 37 mobility management, 207–210 324–325 subnetting, 6 multimedia, 211 applications, 319–320 addressing, 28 overview, 191–192 applications, future, 300–301 static, 28 paging, 198 enhanced voice service, 302–303 variable-length, 28–29 requirements, 195 evolution of, 318–319 subnetwork dependent convergence pro- roaming, 198 gaming, 314 tocol, 172–174 security, 209, 210 growth in commercial use, 41 Subnetwork Dependent Data Conver- session management, 210–211 historical overview, 42–43 gence Protocol, 166 signaling plane, 205 Internet access, via CDMA, 127–129 subscriber identity module, 54, 55, 138 spectrum, 193–195 IP, relationship between, 135–137 tunneling protocol, 205–207 M-commerce, 312 TCP. See Transmission Control Protocol user plane, 204–205 messaging, evolution of, 303–304 TCP/IP. See Transmission Control Protocol/ vision, 192–193 mobile office, 312–313 Internet Protocol User Data Protocol mobility issues. (see mobility issues) TDMA networks. See IS-136 networks destination port, 22 multimedia messaging. (see multime- telematics, 315 overview, 22 dia messaging) telemetry, 314–315 source port, 22 multipurpose devices, 301–302 Teleservice Segmentation and Reassem- UPD checksum header, 23 penetration rates, 41 bly protocol, 104 UPD length header, 23 roaming. (see roaming) Telnet, 25, 26 User Datagram Protocol, 4 security issues. (see security) Time-to-live values, 18 services offered, 41–42 TOS. See Type of Service field visitor location center, 45 services, future, 300–301 Traceroute, 18 telematics, 315 traffic channel data services, GSM WWAP. See Wireless Application Pro- telemetry, 314–315 bearer services, 66–69 tocol text messages, 303 overview, 65–66 WCDMA. See wideband code division Wireless Personal Area Netwrok, rate adaptation functions, 69–71 multiple access 141–142 Transmission Control Protocol WECA. See Wireless Ethernet Compatibil- Wireless Wide Area Networks, 141 basic data transfer, 20 ity Alliance WLAN systems, 136 connections, 20 wideband code division multiple access, deployment of IEEE 802.11, 257–259 design, 19–20 60 evolution, 338–340 flow control, 20 Wireless Application Protocol, 131–132 in 3G, 341 header, 21, 22 architecture overview, 284–285 operators, 340, 341 multiplexing, 20 configurations, samples, 289 World Wide Web reliability, 20 I-Mode, relationship between. (see concept, 9 RFC definition, 19 I-Mode) growth in use, 9 usage on Internet today, 22 markup language, 290–291 overview, 9, 10 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet multimedia messaging service, 291 principles of design, 9, 10 Protocol, 4 network elements, 288–289 WPAN. See Wireless Personal Area adoption as defense standard, 5 origins, 283 Netwrok transport push services, 292 WWAN. See Wireless Wide Area Net- control/ownership, 156–157 telephony applications, 291 works definition, 155 transport layer security, 286 vs. session, 155, 156 usage, 283, 284 XHTML, 295 Type of Service field, 17 version 2.0, 296