2019//20 An independent study of salaries, market trends, and developments across the worldwide AWS community

Jefferson Frank Salary Survey Get started CONTENTS

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FOREWORD //04 PRODUCTS //22

INTRODUCTION //07 CERTIFICATIONS //27

ABOUT US //08 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS //31

IN NUMBERS //09 CONTRACTOR FOCUS //43

KEY FINDINGS //12 END USER FOCUS //44

SURVEY DEMOGRAPHICS //14 PARTNER FOCUS //49

EMPLOYMENT STATUS //16 MOVEMENT //50

INDUSTRY BREAKDOWN //18 DIVERSITY //55

SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE //19 SALARY TABLES //62

Jefferson Frank Salary Survey 2019//2020

The Jefferson Frank Salary Survey is an independent publication and is neither affiliated with, nor authorized, sponsored, or approved by, Amazon Web Services (AWS). Jefferson Frank International is a third-party recruitment firm and not affiliated with AWS.

©2019 Frank Recruitment Group. All rights reserved.

All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Jefferson Frank 3 Foreword

Yan Cui is an AWS I’ve been running production workloads at scale In so many ways, cloud providers such as AWS Speaking from personal experience, my Serverless Hero and on AWS for ten years. In that time, I’ve seen have levelled the playing field: companies are exposure to AWS has transformed my career author of Production- the AWS ecosystem go through tremendous no longer hamstrung by capital expenditure, as and multiplied my earning potential many times growth, ballooning from a handful of services in the cloud allows them to switch to operational over. It has given me the opportunity to meet Ready Serverless. Based in 2009 to well over one hundred services today. expenditure instead. It enables companies and work with brilliant people, work on exciting Amsterdam, Yan is also an to experiment quickly, and keep their costs projects, and tackle challenging problems. I feel Even those early products such as S3 and SQS AWS blogger, independent down while they’re looking for market fit. The privileged to have access to these opportunities have seen drastic improvements and price cuts consultant, and Developer ability to fail cheaply encourages innovation, and to have been able to build a fulfilling career. over the years, as AWS continues to innovate Advocate at Lumigo. and nowadays, we routinely see successful based on customer feedback. The best thing about AWS today is that it’s startups disrupt established markets with the just getting started, and there’s ample room for AWS as a whole has grown into a multi-billion help of AWS. future growth. The pace of innovation in AWS dollar business, with millions of customers As more and more companies wake up to the is not slowing: quite the opposite. If you haven’t worldwide. Its annual re:Invent conference power of the cloud, AWS skills have become had the chance to work with AWS until now, attracts tens of thousands of developers from highly sought-after on the job market. The there’s literally no better time to start. all around the world. independent research by Jefferson Frank lets The AWS ecosystem is constantly improving Most important of all, in that time the AWS us peek into this growing landscape, and get a and becoming more accessible. Plus, there are ecosystem has helped countless businesses sense of who our peers are, their skillsets, and more and more job opportunities being created achieve a level of success that would’ve how they’re using the AWS cloud. The survey for those with AWS experience, and those with otherwise been unattainable. The AWS is much more than a salary report: you can find the right skills are seeing their compensation Cloud is both an enabler for businesses lots of other useful insights, such as the impact increasing year-on-year. and the driving force behind an increasingly of certification, ways to increase your earning competitive market. potential, and the diversity in our industry. So, what are you waiting for?

4 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 5 Introduction

I’m proud to introduce the second edition of Jefferson Frank’s annual salary survey, an independent report on the real salaries, benefits, market trends, and developments across the global Amazon Web Services (AWS) community. Cloud is the new normal, and AWS is lighting the way across the industry. With more than one million active users per month and an ever-growing range of products and services, AWS allows organizations all over the world to unlock their business potential. With the overwhelming majority of businesses now operating or moving to the cloud, the incredible boom in demand for skilled professionals—particularly in big data, AI and Machine Learning, and DevOps—comes as no surprise. Our report digs deep into what it takes to thrive in the AWS community, and aims to help you realize your professional ambitions. Together, we can drive exceptional talent into the environment through education, cross-training initiatives, and diversity programs. Finally, I’d like to personally thank all of you who took the time to contribute to our survey. It’s crucial that we continue to report on the industry as it develops, and your feedback and responses are vital not only to the creation and success of next year’s report, but the evolution of the industry as a whole. You can share your thoughts and comments on this report by emailing [email protected]. Whether you’re building your own migration team this year, or are looking to take the next step in your career, we hope you find this report beneficial.

James Lloyd-Townshend Chairman and CEO Frank Recruitment Group

6 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 7 About us In numbers

At Jefferson Frank, our mission is simple: we want happy customers. We’re AWS recruitment specialists– We work with organizations worldwide to find and deliver the best it’s all we do AWS professionals on the planet, with teams specializing in DevOps, We’ve built our business around listening 270+ big data and business intelligence, IaaS/PaaS, and security. AWS recruitment consultants to our customers. Whatever your vertical, working across technology- Jefferson Frank is part of the award-winning Frank Recruitment Group that our consultants will work to develop an in- specific teams has worked with over 30,000 organizations globally, and has a proven track depth understanding of your employment record servicing the AWS permanent and contract recruitment market. needs, your technology requirements and your company culture. We then Whether you’re a professional working in tailor our service accordingly, offering At Jefferson AWS, a customer on the lookout for seasoned seamless support and expert advice on freelancers to complete your cloud migration the availability of permanent and contract 17 Frank, our project, a System Integrator, Consultancy talent across the AWS environment. Offices spanning the USA, EMEA, and APAC or ISV looking to recruit a permanent AWS mission is consultant—in fact any AWS Partner Network Unrivaled AWS expertise simple: we (APN) Consulting or Technology partner— We’re trusted by the people we work with our goal is to deliver an unrivaled customer because we know the AWS ecosystem want happy experience. Work with us and you’ll get the inside and out. We sponsor major events personalized service that you deserve, and like AWS re:Invent and AWS Summit to the top-tier talent you need. 80,000+ customers. make sure we stay at the forefront of Qualified AWS candidates in developments in the industry—that’s why our database 96% of job seekers would recommend us to a friend. What our customers say AWS professionals on time and on budget It was important to us that our Product Manager role If the AWS professional or employer of 27,000 was filled by someone not only with a unique skillset your dreams exists, we’ll find them. With Job interviews arranged for in AWS and Data Science, but also by someone a rich database of 80,000+ qualified AWS vacancies who had the right drive and motivation. professionals, we’re perfectly placed to Jefferson Frank were able to provide us with help AWS customers and partners find only a niche recruitment service, which also the best talent for their business. Whether helped us to fill three other roles. Their it’s a permanent or contract role, our attention to detail and ability to listen to consultants will deliver on time, on budget changes in requirements was instrumental in and to specification, and are fully equipped 48hr providing us with the perfect candidates.” Turnaround for candidate to advise you on what type of talent is shortlists, plus dedicated needed to make your project a success. account management Kirby McAndrew, Recruiting Manager, 605

8 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 9 Roles we recruit for Salary survey methodology Whether we’re sourcing the best AWS talent for your business, or leveraging our sister brands to help with other tech recruitment challenges, we appoint a dedicated account manager who is available whenever you need them. Our account managers understand the This year’s Jefferson Frank Salary Survey is based on over 86,000 intricacies of both business and professional needs, expertly filtering data points, including self-reported information from AWS shortlisted resumes to ensure we find the best person for the job. professionals spanning a range of job titles, industries, and locations around the world. Typical roles we recruit for We’ve validated every survey response using robust statistical analysis and automated data validation rules in order to be included in the final results. Any data that didn’t pass our validation rules and statistical analysis, or that we deemed questionable, incomplete, or duplicate, was removed so that the results published are meaningful and accurate. Salary information from survey responses was aggregated and anonymized, DevOps Big Data/BI IaaS/PaaS Security and is included solely for benchmarking purposes. No information given is in connection with any individual role or hiring decision. AWS DevOps Big Data AWS Cloud AWS Security Engineer Consultant Architect Consultant The following should be taken into account when interpreting the data in this report: AWS DevOps Big Data AWS Enterprise AWS Security Consultant Engineer Architect Architect  Not all percentages will add up to 100%, as some questions are multiple choice. AWS DevOps Big Data AWS AWS Security Systems Developer Infrastructure Engineer  Where questions are single choice, not all responses will total Administrator Engineer 100% due to rounding. Big Data Project AWS IAM AWS Software Manager AWS Cloud Consultant  Findings based on small numbers (i.e., under 5%) should be interpreted Engineer Administrator with caution, with results taken as indicative only. Data Architect AWS DevSecOps AWS Cloud AWS Delivery Engineer  For questions that required a qualitative (open) response, there may be Developer Data Scientist Architect some overlap in the quotes used to identify the themes, with quotes illustrating more than one theme. AWS Cloud AWS PaaS Solutions Architect Engineer  Themes identified when grouping qualitative responses are displayed in no particular order of importance. AWS Site Director of Reliability Engineer Development

10 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 11 Key findings Click on the page number to jump to findings.

Find out which online resources of our respondents 47% of those certified 47% 52% We’ve uncovered and blogs our survey respondents use AWS compute experienced a salary the latest trends use to keep up-to-date with 93% products—see ‘The increase after earning a in employee AWS—see ‘Recommended online top 5 most used AWS certification—see ‘The impact work perks—see resources and blogs’ | PAGE 20 products’ | PAGE 22 of certification on salary’ ‘Employee benefits’ PAGE 30 PAGE 31

of respondents hold at least 73% of AWS of AWS 54% Cloud Talk professionals told us that 26% professionals one AWS certification—see Movers and shakers from the AWS they work remotely at Never 63% ‘AWS certifications’ | PAGE 27 ecosystem share their thoughts. least one day a week— are satisfied in their current see ‘Days spent working 16% role— see ‘Job satisfaction’ PAGE 36 Helen Anderson on from home’ PAGE 34 5+ days a week 81% of certified AWS professionals top programming hold a AWS Solutions Architect languages and 70% of professionals consider the AWS of AWS customers certification—see ‘Top 10 diversity challenges. 68% Solutions Architect (Professional) certification used in-house resources certifications’ | PAGE 27 PAGE 24 to be most likely to increase your market to implement AWS—see value—see ‘Which certifications are likely to ‘AWS implementation Rehan van der increase your worth’ | PAGE 39 strategies’ | PAGE 46 81% 37% Merwe talks about the Solutions Developer future of AWS. Architect (Associate) PAGE 29 (Associate) 68%

Architect Engineer Operations Developer Internal employees

50% of professionals Fully paid told us that their We’ve uncovered what AWS professionals are earning—see ‘Salary Tables’ PAGE 62 employers fully funded Partially paid | 17% their certifications—see ‘Employer contributions Didn’t pay towards certifications’ Independent PAGE 30 Other Germany UK France USA contractor(s)

12 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 13 Gender 3% 5% Age 10% 47% Survey 18 - 24 years old 25 - 34 years old demographics 35 - 44 years old 45 - 54 years old 32% 55+ years old Geographical USA 38% UK 8% Male 89% split of survey Canada 5% Italy 6% Female 6% results Ireland 4% Not specified 4% Education level Rest of World 12% India 14% Germany 2% We explored the education level of AWS Australia 4% Netherlands 2% professionals and discovered that 44% of South Africa 3% Sweden 2% respondents hold at least a bachelor's degree or equivalent. Just under a third (32%) hold a master's degree or equivalent, while 9% hold the equivalent of an associate’s degree, and 2% hold a doctorate or professional degree. The remaining 12% haven’t studied beyond high school level.

24%

Europe 14%

India 43%

Americas 3% 12% 4% South Africa

ROW Australia 14 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 15 Job level of survey Job roles Employment respondents We looked at the roles most commonly held 2% 1% 4% by AWS professionals 17% and found that the most popular job roles across Employment status all employer types were DevOps Engineer and 79% Permanent – full-time Developer. Some of the 16% 51% 2% Permanent – part-time other roles commonly held were: 16% Freelance/contractor 8% 3% Unemployed

1% Sabbatical/career break Entry Level Intermediate or Experienced Level First-Level Management AWS Partners Length of time with current employer Middle-Level Management Senior, Executive or Top-Level  Solution Architect Management or C-Level  Technical Architect We found that on Owner 6% 54% 21% average, respondents Other  Technical Consultant have worked for their

-1 year 1-2 years 3-4 years current employer for 3 Organizational function years, and have spent of survey respondents 5 - 6 years 8% 9 - 10 years 3% 4 years in each role 7 - 8 years 3% 10+ years 4% across their career. 1. IT 67% End users 2. Research and Development 10%  Solution Architect 3. Design and Production 7% Employer type 4. Service and Support 3%  Technical Architect 5. Sales 3%  IT Manager 6. Administration 2% 7. Engineering 2% 38% 51% 1% 3% 8. Project Management 1% 9. Finance and Operations 1% 10. CEO / Senior Management 1% AWS Partner/ End user AWS AWS 11. Software Engineering 1% ISVs and others Solution (i.e. an AWS Independent competitor 12. Other 3% Provider/ Customer) Software  Business Analyst Consultancy Vendor (ISV) Job roles listed under ‘Other’ include Data  Solution Architect Services, Professional Services, Learning Other business (6%) include respondents who are employed by AWS. and Development and consultancy working.  Account Manager

16 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 17 Industry Skills and experience Industry sector breakdown

Overall work experience

1. 0 - 3 years 13% 7. 19 - 21 years 11% 2. 4 - 6 years 18% 8. 22 - 24 years 4% 24% 14% 12% 9% 3. 7 - 9 years 13% 9. 25+ years 7% 1. IT services 2. Financial 3. Technology, Media 4. Software 4. 10 - 12 years 15% Services and Telecommunications Respondents had on average 5. 13 - 15 years 10% 12 years’ work experience in the 5. Consultancy / Agency 8% 11. Automotive 2% 6. 16 - 18 years 8% technology industry in total. 6. Health and Life Sciences 3% 12. Professional Services 2% 7. Education 3% 13. Energy and Utilities 2% Experience working with AWS 8. Government 3% 14. Manufacturing 1% 9. Insurance 3% 15. Advertising 1% 63% 29% 5% 2% 1% 0 - 3 years Respondents had 10. Retail 3% 16. Other 12% 4 - 6 years on average 3 years’ experience ‘Other’ responses included Internet, Aerospace, Media and Publishing, and 7 - 9 years Travel and Hospitality. working with AWS 10 - 12 years in a commercial Size of organization 13+ years environment. 31% of professionals surveyed mentioned that they had cross-trained— Our research shows that 52% of the professionals surveyed work at larger having worked with a competitor product before moving on to AWS. enterprises of more than 500 employees, while the remaining 48% work at an organization that employs 500 employees or fewer. 6% 6% Time spent working with AWS 1 - 10 employees 501 - 1,000 employees 29% 9% On average, working with AWS accounts for around 53% of our 11 - 20 employees 1,001 - 5,000 employees respondents’ working days. This percentage doesn’t change whether respondents are end users or work for an ISV, or by the level of 21 - 50 employees 5,001 - 10,000 employees 11% responsibility that they hold in their organization. Only those employed More than 51 - 100 employees by AWS partners clock more time working with AWS than the average, 10,000 employees 6% 101 - 500 employees spending around 59% of their day working on the platform. 9% 15% 7%

18 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 19 Learning resources

There’s a wide range of online learning resources for AWS professionals, including our AWS blog over at www.jeffersonfrank.com/aws-blog/. Our blog includes up-to-date information and advice on the latest AWS products, AWS certification guides, and career insight into becoming a confident and competent cloud professional. Below is a list of online resources recommended by our survey respondents:  Official AWS News Blog: aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws  Official AWS featured announcements page: aws.amazon.com/new  A Cloud Guru: acloud.guru  Linux Academy: linuxacademy.com  Hacker News: thehackernews.com  Jayendra Patil:jayendrapatil.com  Last Week in AWS: lastweekinaws.com

Recommended social media handles to increase your AWS knowledge @acloudguru @Whizlabs @jeffbarr @awscloud

20 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 21 The top 5 AWS product types that future users plan to adopt Not all of the people who took our survey are current AWS users, but 48% AWS products plan to adopt it in the next five months. We asked them which products they aim to use in the future.

The top 5 most used AWS product types 52% 41% 38% 38% 34%

Storage Database Developer Networking Application 93% 87% 79% 65% 64% Tools & Content Integration Delivery

Compute Storage Database Networking Security, & Content Identity & Delivery Compliance Top 5 AWS product types currently in demand

Compute: e.g., Amazon EC2, Elastic Container Service, AWS Batch, Lambda, with AWS partner clients VMware Cloud AWS, EC2 Auto Scaling, etc. Storage: e.g., Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3), FSx for Lustre, AWS Backup, Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS), etc. 74% 52% 50% 31% 28% Database: e.g., Aurora, ElastiCache, Amazon RDS, Timestream, DynamoDB, Neptune, Amazon RDS on VMware, etc. Networking & Content Delivery: e.g., Amazon VPC, API Gateway, Route 53, Compute Storage Database Networking Analytics AWS Cloud Map, Transit Gateway, PrivateLink, Direct Connect, etc. & Content Delivery Security, Identity & Compliance: e.g., AWS Identity & Access Management, Artifact, Directory Service, Amazon GuardDuty, Cloud Directory, etc. Analytics: e.g., Amazon Athena, Elasticsearch Service, Redshift, CloudSearch, Kinesis, QuickSight, EMR, etc. Top 5 AWS product types predicted to be Machine Learning: e.g., Amazon SageMaker, Forecast, Polly, Textract, Deep in demand with AWS partner clients in the Learning AMIs, DeepRacer, TensorFlow on AWS, Comprehend, etc. coming year Application Integration: (e.g., AWS Step Functions, Simple Queue Service (SQS), MQ, AppSync, etc.) 56% 37% 36% 36% 33% “AWS provides a wide range of products which helps me to fulfill my clients’ requirements. I am very flexible in adopting newly introduced products, which makes my clients happy as they are getting their required results without any delay.” Compute Machine Analytics Database Storage End user, IT Manager, Oman Learning

22 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 23 Most used third-party Top 3 most in DevOps and demand programming Big Data tools languages in the Cloud Talk We asked respondents to rank the coming year top three most used third-party AWS Data Hero Helen Anderson shares her DevOps and Big Data tools: 51% 23% 22% take on pressing issues in the AWS ecosystem.

46% JavaScript What are the most useful Go (Golang) 23% languages to know for people Python 19% working with AWS?

Jenkins Terraform Ansible The great thing about using AWS is you don't need to be an expert in any particular language, or have experience with a programming language at all. Our respondents also told us about the benefits and drawbacks of these tools: The AWS Console allows you to spin up compute services, scale up, out and create the services you Jenkins need with a few clicks. We received some contradictory statements in regards to Jenkins. While Lambda functions are the building blocks to create many respondents considered that it was easy to configure and integrate serverless applications and can be created using a variety with other tools, other respondents didn’t find it so straightforward. The of languages from Java, node.js, Python, Go and Ruby. difference in professionals’ thoughts may be down to their exposure to the Each have support of reliable, well tested libraries, modules tool, with those that work with code regularly finding it more accessible than and community support. Developers have more flexibility those who work in less technical roles. than ever to build with the language that they prefer.

Benefits Drawbacks How can employers do more to  Ease of automation  Hard to learn for beginners and is not as accessible as it could support their female AWS tech  Increases the scale of automation be for less-technical roles; e.g. professionals?  Easy customization and integration support, project management with other tools and internal systems A diverse workforce enables businesses to better serve  Complexity customers, attract top talent and innovate. While tech  Open source  Difficult to customize companies are becoming more representative of the  Easily configurable, with open source general population employers can do more to change the  Difficult to configure plugins to quickly build feature sets balance at the senior leadership level.  Have to secure, customize and  Continuous integration and But it doesn't stop at simply hiring a more diverse develop plugins continuous delivery (CI/CD) workforce. Creating an inclusive environment where your pipelines  Too many plugins team feels a sense of belonging where employees can bring their whole selves to work, can see career progression and  Flexible  Difficult to integrate with AWS feel like they can lead change is just as important. When  Scalable  Security and governance employees feel valued they do their best work, make great ambassadors and feel invested in their work.

24 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 25 Terraform

Benefits Drawbacks  The tools are easy to use  Initial learning curve for AWS certifications new engineers  Multi-cloud  Lack of resources to  Easy automation troubleshoot We learned that 54% of respondents have at least one AWS certification  Simple and intuitive  Training necessary and a further 26% said that while they don’t currently hold a certification, automation of AWS resources they’re currently working towards one.  Functionality limitations  Easy deployment See below for the top 10 AWS certifications:  Infrastructure as code 81% 37% 34% Ansible 1. Solutions 2. Developer 3. SysOps Administrator Architect (Associate) (Associate) (Associate) Benefits Drawbacks  Configuration management  Steep learning curve 4. Solutions Architect (Professional) 22% The other certifications mentioned 5. Cloud Practitioner (Foundation) 19% were the AWS Cloud Practitioner -  Ease of configuration  Sometimes buggy DevOps Engineer - Developer (Foundation) certification 6. 12%  Ease of automation  Bugfix slowness to apply Operations (Professional) (4%), AWS Certified Cloud 7. DevOps Engineer - Practitioner - Architect (Foundation)  Scalability and consistency  Time consuming to build, test 11% Developer (Professional) certification4% ( ), AWS Cloud and optimize scripts  Easy to work with 8. Security - Specialty 7% Practitioner - Operations  Sluggishness at times (Foundation) certification3% ( ).  Portable 9. Big Data – Specialty 7% 10. Advanced Networking – Specialty 6%

Which certifications 58% Top 3 third party DevOps and Big Data tools are you working 26% most in demand with partners clients towards? We wanted to find out from 24% those who don’t currently hold a 55% 46% 32% certification what certifications AWS Certified Solutions they are working towards. Architect (Associate) The AWS Solutions Architect AWS Certified Solutions 1. Jenkins 2. Terraform 3. Ansible (Associate) certification came Architect (Professional) out on top with 58% of people AWS Certified Developer studying for it. (Associate)

26 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 27 Barriers to undertaking a certification We also wanted to learn what the biggest barriers are to undertaking a certification.20% of our survey respondents don’t hold a certification or aren’t working towards one. Almost a half (44%) didn’t see the need to be Cloud Talk certified, while more than a third36% ( ) couldn’t commit to the study time required, and a fifth20% ( ) were put off by the cost. Rehan van der Merwe is an architect, developer and AWS junkie. Certified as an Electronic Employers can definitely help their employees when it comes to upskilling Communications Engineer and AWS Developer, the workforce. Our research tells us that two of the main barriers to he also holds many outdated Microsoft certification are the time needed to study36% ( ) and the lack of support certifications as he is now focusing on from the employer (20%). Increased support from employers to gain Serverless and all that AWS has to offer. certification not only demonstrates to employees that their organization cares about and is invested in developing their staff professionally, but having more and more upskilled staff can only benefit the business. What are your thoughts on what could be coming up for AWS in the next year technology and product-wise? I don’t see the need Now is not the right time In the near future, I suspect that AWS will continue to add features to 44% to be certified 11% to undertake a certification existing products like EventBridge, DynamoDB, IoT and, of course, its machine learning and AI range of products. There’ll likely be new storage methods and technologies released too; personally, I’m really hoping to see a NoSQL—SQL Hybrid! I think AWS will also—slowly but surely—start to integrate machine learning into more products, as it did with CloudWatch Anomaly detection. Time commitment I don’t know where to 36% involved in studying 10% start or which path to take What’s happening now within the AWS ecosystem technology-wise? In the past year, AWS has released a number of storage products like Elastic Lack of/poor training Search, MongoDB, Blockchain, and QLDB. Continuing with that trend, AWS Cost implications 20% 4% materials available is continuing to develop new storage methods that focus on giving cloud architects more options, equipping them with the ability to choose the right storage tool for the job at hand. Data Lakes are also becoming more popular, and as a result, AWS will continue to work on security features for its Data Lake products. Lack of support Other 20% from my employer 14% What would you recommend looking out for in the near future for the AWS tech landscape? I think we’ll be seeing reduced entry points into AWS machine learning and ‘Other’ responses include respondents wanting to gain industry experience AI products. New DynamoDB features that’ll help the designer select good before deciding on a certification and having no requirement for a designs and weed out the bad ones are also on the horizon. AWS will be certification in their current role. simplifying its Blockchain products, and developing its Data Lakes and big data offerings, so watch out for improvements on those fronts too.

28 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 29 Employer contributions towards certifications Half of professionals said that their employer fully funded their certifications, while 39% funded them independently. Permanent employees My employer paid in full for my certifications 50% My employer partially paid for my certification 8% No, my employer did not pay for my certifications 39% Salary satisfaction Are you an employee that Other 4% is unsure about how much More than half (59%) of permanently employed respondents believe that you should be paid? Or an they are well compensated for the work employer that’s confused that they do, while 41% felt that they about what the market The impact of $$ $ were either undervalued or are unsure rate is for your AWS certification on salary about how much they should be paid. professional? Check out When asked why those that believed Almost half (47%) of professionals our Salary Tables to learn who hold a certification experienced 47% 52% they were undervalued felt this way, an increase in their salary after Salary increased Salary remained responses can be categorized within about the latest trends in earning it. after certification the same three themes: AWS salaries – page 62.

I’ve been given more responsibility but my salary does not reflect this. Post-certification, respondents reported Given my experience and expertise I feel that I should be earning more. an average salary increase of 28% I’m being paid less than the market rate. See page 39 – ‘Earning potential’ to find out which certifications our respondents think are likely to increase your earning potential the most. Employee Benefits Most-common work perks Alongside salary, working hours, and what the job actually entails, an important consideration for professionals when looking to join a What our customers say new company or considering staying with a current employer are workplace benefits. When we needed a Senior Developer, finding a candidate with a combination of experience and personality was very While many employers offer generous benefits packages, there are important to us. Previously, we’d worked with other recruiters, others that don’t provide their workforce with much in the way but Jefferson Frank stood out as they were able to deliver of perks. In other cases, employees are simply unaware of what the highest volume of excellent quality resumes. benefits are available. We really appreciated the great communication throughout the process, ensuring we found a Want to know what benefits are on offer in the AWS ecosystem? perfect fit for the role. We’ll definitely work We’ve done the research for you, shedding light on the trends in with Jefferson Frank again!” workplace perks to help organizations understand what they should be providing, and to empower employees with the knowledge of Lars J Nilsson what benefits others in similar roles are offered. CTO, Red Flag 30 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 31 To give a full picture of these trends, we asked our participants not only Most desired work perks what benefits they currently receive, but what benefits they most desire, Our research found that the top 10 work perks that our respondents most and what benefits would encourage them to accept a new role. desire but were not currently in receipt of were: We found that the top 20 work perks that our respondents are in receipt of are: Answer Choices All Male Female Bonus 32% 33% 23% 13th month pay / end of year bonus 28% 27% 38% Certification exam vouchers 27% 27% 27% 4 weeks or more paid time off 26% 27% 15%* Training and development opportunities 25% 26% 19%* The ability to attend industry events 24% 22% 38% 62% 59% 55% 43% Education / training allowance 23% 22% 23% 1. Home 2. Company 3. Health / 4. Casual Subsidized gym membership or a fitness expense 23% 22% 31% working laptop medical insurance dress policy Equity shares in the company 22% 22% 19%* Free breakfast and/or lunch 22% 22% 27%

*This was not listed as a top 10 benefit for this group. $ You can engage your workforce by having the right perks in place. However, not providing the benefits that employees want may lead them to look for another job elsewhere—with an employer that does offer the benefits that 42% 40% 38% 36% they desire. Putting an attractive and generous benefits package together can engage staff and support talent retention and acquisition. 5. Flexible 6. Bonus 7. Training 8. Life working hours opportunities insurance Benefits influencing acceptance of a job offer The top 10 perks that would encourage our survey respondents to accept a 9. Certification exam vouchers 34% 15. Attend industry events 24% new role were:

10. Retirement savings plan / 401(k) 34% 16. Education / training allowance 22% Answer Choices All Male Female Match / pension contributions 17. Free internet 19% Home working 30% 30% 40% 11. Dental Plan 34% Bonus 28% 29% 27% 18. Gym membership / 19% 12. Vision / Optical Plan 29% fitness expense 4 weeks of more paid time off 19% 19% 19%

13. 4 weeks or more paid time off 27% 19. Free parking 18% Health / Medical Insurance 18% 18% 15% Flexible working hours 17% 17% 20% 14. Cell phone / mobile phone 27% 20. Free cell phone / mobile 17% allowance Training and development opportunities 14% 14% 14% 13th Month pay / end of year bonus 13% 12% 6% 4% of respondents employed in a permanent role don’t receive any of the The ability to attend industry events 8% 8% 2%* Retirement savings plan / 401(k) Match / above perks. 8% 8% 5%* pension contributions We also asked respondents whether they receive any unique or interesting Equity shares in the company 6% 6% 4%* work perks. The more unusual benefits enjoyed by AWS professionals include dog-friendly offices, unlimited vacation, and team building days. *This was not listed as a top 10 benefit for this group.

32 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 33 Many of the benefits that candidates placed the highest value on are relatively Working outside of office hours low-cost to employers, but would improve the work-life balance of employees, 86% of the permanent employees who responded to our survey such as home working (30%) and 4 weeks or more vacation time19% ( ). have worked outside of their contracted working hours, with The benefit that comes in at second place was a salary bonus 28%( )—a 27% of those doing so on a regular basis. benefit that is given to staff to reward them for going above and beyond, encouraging them to be more productive, and rewarding them for good Never Usually performance. There are different types of bonus (e.g., discretionary or Rarely Always non-discretionary, awarded to individuals, teams or company-wide), but all Sometimes types aim to increase employees motivation to perform well. I am contracted to work to For some work perks we noticed differences of opinion between men and the business needs rather women. More women than men reported interest in benefits that would give than set hours. them a better work-life balance (i.e., home working and flexible working), whereas men favored financial gain (i.e., bonus and equity in the company). Only the executive-level More men than women would be encouraged to take a role that gives professionals that took part in the them the ability to attend industry events. With 76% of men telling us that survey are not contracted to work they attend industry events to upskill, the ability to attend events may be to the business need. It is also this seen as a way of developing professionally. To find out more about why our group that most regularly work respondents attend events see – AWS Events, page 59. 11% 23% 36% 16% 10% 3% outside of their contracted hours.

Days spent working from home Paid time off Permanent employees who responded to the survey told us that they received on average 20 days paid time off (PTO) a year, 26% 35% 12% while 7% are given unlimited time off. Because of different employee rights around the world, it’s no surprise that the average PTO days varies by country: Never 1 day a week 2 days a week

7% 3% 16% 28 days 27 days Germany United Kingdom 3 days a week 4 days a week 5+ days a week

We found that permanent AWS professionals work from home an average of two days a week, with 35% working from home at least one day a week, and 16% working remotely full time. However, a little over a quarter26% ( ) never work from home and are possibly not offered home working as a benefit. 25 days 18 All the AWS services are very user friendly, and anybody can learn AWS and France days implement it into their business with ease.” United States of America AWS Partner, Cloud Deployment Engineer, Ireland

34 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 35 This is an indication that a large number of employees are not receiving the benefits that they would like to be. For more information on what benefits employees desire and which would influence their decision to accept a new Employee retention role, see Employee Benefits – page 33. Factors concerning professional development were also further down in respondents’ satisfaction ratings, with a fifth23% ( ) of respondents dissatisfied with their career progression, although 47% were still satisfied. When we look at overall job satisfaction,63% of people were satisfied, a Job satisfaction quarter (25%) had no strong feelings, and 12% were dissatisfied. We asked our survey participants to rate their satisfaction with a number of aspects of their employment. Do you feel valued at work? More than three-quarters (78%) of AWS professionals were satisfied with 68% of our survey respondents feel valued at All respondents 68% work. When we look at this from the different the hours that they work, suggesting that these employees at least are Executive (board level) 76% satisfied with their work-life balance. job levels of our respondents, we can see that it’s those individuals that sit at the top of the Management 64% Our respondents’ physical working setting were also rated highly, with organization who feel more valued than those Non-management 67% 70% of respondents satisfied with their working location and61% with the who are not in a management role. office environment. A conveniently placed, easily accessible office can help to reassure employees Why do you feel valued? that their commute to and from work need not be stressful. However, it’s Many comments from those that feel valued were in regards to feeling possible that many employees are happy with their office location because respected and being able to voice their opinion, and having their suggestions they chose to work somewhere that was easy for them to get to. either used or at least considered. One quote in particular really encapsulates a lot of the views we saw: The office environment is definitely an area that employers can influence. The working environment can influence employee satisfaction, morale, People come to me for advice, they respect my opinions, they tell me how and productivity1. With the workplace environment either positively much they appreciate my contributions.” or negatively impacting employees performance, it’s important that End user, Systems Architect, Maryland, United States employees feel comfortable in their place of work.

Although half (50%) of professionals surveyed were satisfied with their I am respected “I receive respect from my peers and they trust that benefits package, a further fifth19% ( ) were dissatisfied. I can do the job effectively.” Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied End user, Senior Systems Analyst, New Jersey, United States Work hours 78% 15% 8% Location 70% 18% 11% My opinions are heard “My opinions and ideas are considered valuable. Office environment 61% 22% 14% and acted upon I feel like the work I do is appreciated.” Company culture 61% 21% 17% End user, Lead DevOps Engineer, South Africa Salary 61% 23% 16% I’m selected to be a “I’m involved in decisions and selected for Training and development 52% 26% 20% part of new initiatives important projects.” Benefits 50% 29% 19% AWS Partner, Senior DevOps Engineer, Italy Career progression 47% 26% 23% I’m appreciated “I’m appreciated from the end client based on the Overall job satisfaction 63% 25% 12% for my work hard work and hours of team effort.” 1 Source: Anitha (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee AWS Partner, Software Developer, India performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.

36 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 37 Why don’t you feel valued? Earning potential Many of the comments from those that don’t feel valued by their organization involve individuals not receiving the recognition they feel they deserve or Important Useful Not important feeling overlooked. Years of experience in IT industry 85% 14% 2%

My work is not “Nobody ever recognizes the work our team does.” Years of experience with AWS 84% 14% 2% recognized End user, Data Engineer, Utah, United States Exposure to large projects 76% 21% 3%

AWS certifications 54% 31% 13% My ideas are not used “A lot of my ideas are not taken into account.” Specific vertical industry End user, Solutions Architect, Netherlands 43% 41% 13% experience

University degree(s) 42% 35% 22% My skills are not “Even though I have proved my skillset, not many being used opportunities are given to showcase and improve them.” Which certifications are likely to increase your worth? AWS Partner, Senior SAP Basis Consultant, When asked which certifications would be likely to increase your earning Ontario, Canada potential the most, topping the list was the AWS Solutions Architect (Professional) (70%) certification, followed by the AWS DevOps Engineer – Are you happy with your training? Operations (Professional) certification34% ( ) and the AWS DevOps Engineer – Developer (Professional) certification34% ( ). In addition to asking whether professionals were satisfied with their development overall, we also asked if they were happy with their training in particular. Almost half (49%) of respondents are happy with the training they receive. 70% 34% 34% However, 33% found their training lacking and the remaining 18% were not sure about their position. 1. Solutions Architect 2. DevOps Engineer - 3. DevOps Engineer - When asked what training they would like to receive, those who find their (Professional) Operations (Professional) Developer (Professional) training lacking mentioned that they would like more of the following:

 A long term professional  A formalized training plan development plan  Subsidized tickets for industry events 31% 28% 18%  AWS-specific training  Training on new technologies and  Subsidized AWS certification cloud platforms 4. Security - Specialty 5. Big Data – Specialty 6. Machine Learning – Specialty    DevOps training Time during work hours to attend training 7. Advanced Networking – 9. SysOps Administrator 11%  Security training 17%  Any training as I currently don’t Specialty (Associate)  Leadership training receive any 8. Solutions Architect (Associate) 15% 10. Developer (Associate) 7%

38 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 39 The importance of having a degree when working with AWS 63% of respondents don’t think that a degree is important when working with AWS. Of the 24% that consider a degree important, their reasons include:

It teaches you “It teaches you basics of the fundamental computer the basics and IT terms. It also prepares you for communication, programming, data structure and logic development.” AWS Partner, Senior System Admin, India

It gives you a solid “It provides a solid foundation for the framework.” foundation End user, Senior DevOps SRE, Florida, United States

It demonstrates an “My degrees have helped me develop a constant ability to learn learning mentality.” End user, Senior Director - Network Support, Texas, United States

It develops critical “A degree in Computer Science is important because it thinking skills shows you have the technical aptitude and thinking/ problem solving capabilities to work within AWS. There are many people trying to get into the Cloud and can’t figure out how to log in to an EC2 instance.” End user, North Carolina, United States, Site Reliability Engineer

The top 10 technical skills that AWS professionals should have

74% 74% 68%

1. DevOps 2. EC2 3. S3

62% 59% 58%

4. Containers 5. Docker/Jenkins/ 6. Continuous Kubernetes Integration/Delivery

7. Scripting 52% 9. Ansible/Chef/Terraform/Puppet 49% 8. Cloud migration 50% 10. Python 47%

40 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 41 Contractor focus

Average contract Remuneration 13 length (Months) 68% of contract employees feel that they are well compensated for their work, while the remaining 32% are either unsure Average number about how much they should be 04 of current projects paid or felt undervalued.

How do you typically find new projects? Contractors told us that they typically find new projects through one of five ways:

Professional Via LinkedIn Via recruiters Agencies and Via referrals network job boards

What makes you likely to accept a contract? We asked contractors what makes them likely to accept a contract. Aside from rate of pay, contractors are interested in accepting contracts that provide them with the opportunity for professional growth, allowing them to learn new skills and gain experience. Other comments were around liking the company culture, being able to work remotely, and getting the chance to work on interesting projects.

42 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 43 Which cloud computing product was used prior to AWS According to end user employees, over the last year, the cloud computing End user focus vendors from which their employers have migrated were:

38% 21% 14% 7% AWS team sizes in end user organizations

Permanent employees We asked respondents Microsoft Google VMware IBM Azure 0 employees 6% how many employees 1-2 employees 21% work within their in-house AWS team. 3-4 employees 18% Almost a quarter (23%) 5-6 employees 11% 14% told us that there are 9 6% 6% 2% 6% 7-8 employees 10% permanent employees or 9 employees or more 23% more that work with Rackspace Oracle Alibaba Other Not sure 12% AWS in their organization. Cloud

User adoption rate 1% Main reasons for implementing AWS of AWS in your 19% current employer 1. Desire to move to the cloud 59% 7. Ease of user adoption/ 29% 14% user-friendliness None 61-80% 15% 2. Cost reduction 57% 8. Variety of products/services 23% 0-20% 81-100% 16% 3. Ease of implementation 55% 9. Post-migration support 9% 21-40% Not sure 25% 4. Functionality of the 53% 10. Integration of rd3 party vendors 4% 41-60% 9% products/services 11. Lack of confidence in 1% 5. Increase in business 41% previous cloud vendor Migrating to AWS responsiveness 12. It’s a proven cloud system 1% 6. Security of the 32% We asked our respondents if their employer 11% 52% 28% 9% products/services 13. Other 3% had migrated to AWS in the past year. Yes, moved from another cloud product/service ‘Other’ responses include the scalability of AWS and the ability to increase Yes, moved from an on-premise environment business agility. No Not sure

11% of end user organizations have migrated to AWS from a competitor Cost reduction (hardware and data center rental was cut) and minimal resource was required to manage the platform once we moved to cloud!” product in the last 12 months. Of those respondents whose organization has implemented AWS, 76% were personally involved in the migration. End user, Senior Solution Architect, Singapore

44 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 45 AWS implementation strategies Almost two-thirds (65%) faced challenges Got a skills with their implementation because they A little over two-thirds 68%( ) of end users report that when their organization lacked the appropriate skills internally. gap in your implemented AWS they had the benefit of using in-house resources. When undertaking a new project or a role team? 68% Internal employees grows in scope—for example, when migrating 17% Independent contractor(s) to AWS from an on-premise product— We can help! employees may not be properly informed jeffersonfrank.com/findstaff 7% AWS Partner or equipped to handle the demands of the 8% Not sure project. This can leave both employees and employers frustrated and disappointed that the demands of the job Those that have undergone a migration reported that it took an average of aren’t being met. It’s therefore crucial to consider involving a temporary 11 months to complete. hire during the migration to AWS to account for the skills that the team currently lacks. How many employees worked on migration? Benefits achieved as a result of implementing AWS The number of employees 22% 25% 13% Some of the benefits mentioned by end user employees who implemented working full-time to AWS include: complete AWS migrations 1-2 employees 3-4 employees 5-6 employees  AWS auto-scaling  Faster time to market/fast differed between our (i.e. “auto-scale environments deployment end user respondents. to meet business and of organizations that  Improved productivity 3% client needs”) undertook a migration  Improved business responsiveness told us that none of 5% 22% 11%  Cost savings their internal employees (i.e. “paying for what you use”)  Increased agility worked exclusively on  Ease of implementing  Improved security and 7-8 employees 9 employees + Not sure the project. new functionality regulatory compliance

Challenges faced during the migration Number of permanent staff Which factors are required post-implementation 1. Lack of appropriate 65% 6. The cost of custom integration 23% important in skills internally We asked how many AWS staff, 7. Lack of stakeholder buy-in 19% choosing a cloud 2. Difficulties migrating data 50% on average, were needed by 8. Loss of productivity during 17% from legacy systems an end user after a successful service provider? the implementation implementation: 3. Integrating AWS with 30% 9. Difficulties hitting deadlines 16% 47% 42% 36% other systems 1. 1 - 2 permanent staff 24% 10. Difficulties managing projects 12% 4. User adoption challenges 28% 2. 3 - 4 permanent staff 36% 11. Difficulties dealing w/ Partners 10% 5. Lack of appropriate skills 27% 3. 5 - 6 permanent staff 16% available in the market 12. Other 3% 4. 7 - 8 permanent staff 1% 5. 9 - 10 permanent staff 2% ‘Other’ reasons included giving up on the time that had already been invested in on-premise solutions and learning of the functionality of AWS 6. 10 or more permanent staff 3% as a new customer. 7. Not sure 19% Cost Reliability Security

46 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 47 Partner focus

Working with AWS

AWS projects Change in the number of AWS projects undertaken in the last year:

81% 14% 3% 1% Increased Stayed the same Reduced Not sure

Positively,83% of partner  Clients are migrating more employees expect their workload services to cloud to increase in the coming year. We  There’s more demand from asked these respondents why they clients for AWS thought this; their comments fit into three main themes:  AWS is continuing to evolve

Migration projects We also asked partner employees how the number of migration projects to AWS from competitor products they’d undertaken had changed:

64% Increased Not changed 20% Decreased 4% Not sure

12%

48 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 49 Making the move from permanent to contract Unsurprisingly, 85% of the permanent professionals who stated they were likely to make the switch to freelancing said that pursuit of a higher salary Movement was their primary motivation. However, salary aside, the other reasons given for considering the move to freelancing were:

72% Flexibility in lifestyle Permanent employees Ability to claim expenses against tax 27% A quarter (25%) of permanent employees who responded to our survey Being your own boss 44% expect to leave their employer within 12 months. 46% expect still to be Working on different projects 64% with their current employer in the coming year, while the remaining 29% 62% are unsure whether they will stay or go. Exposure to latest technology Not sure 1% Why are a quarter of employees considering leaving their employer? Why would you not consider contract working? Among those who expect to leave their employer within the next year, We asked those that told us they would be unlikely to go freelance why 38% told us that their main reason for leaving would be a lack of though wouldn’t consider working on a contract basis. Their reasons can be salary increase. categorized into five key themes: The top 10 reasons for wanting to change employer, salary aside, were:  The work isn’t as stable as permanent employment  I feel like there’s a lack of security with contract work 37% 32% 28% 26%  I prefer the benefits that you get with permanent employment  I feel like there’s too much pressure to keep finding work between contracts  I’ve just no interest in contract working 1. Lack of career 2. The need to 3. Lack of 4. Lack of and promotional take on new exposure to latest leadership prospects challenges AWS products and vision Contract employees Two-fifths40% ( ) of contractors expect to still be with their current employer 5. Working environment / 22% 8. Lack of flexible working 11% in the coming year, although 32% expect that they’ll be somewhere new. company culture 9. Desire to relocate to 11% The remaining 27% are unsure whether they will stay or go. 6. Desire to work remotely 18% another country 1. Need to pursue 33% 7. Lack of training 15% 10. Lack of organizational stability 10% Why are a third of contractors considering changing jobs? new challenges 2. Lack of career and 25% Among those contractors who expect Plans to go freelance promotional prospects 1. Likely 35% to leave their current role within the There was an equal number of next year, a third (33%) told us that 3. Lack of exposure to latest 25% 2. Neither likely nor unlikely 21% AWS products permanent employees who would their main reason for leaving would consider moving to freelance/contract 3. Unlikely 34% be to seek out new challenges. 4. No added employee 25% work (34%) and those who were The top 5 reasons for wanting to benefits 4. Not sure 10% unlikely to consider such a move (34%). change jobs in the coming year were: 5. Lack of salary increase 21%

50 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 51 AWS Partners End users

Making the move to an end user Making the move to an AWS Partner More than two-thirds (67%) of partner employees would consider working Of the end user employees that responded to the survey, over half (58%) for an end user. We asked these respondents what would encourage them would consider working for an AWS Partner. We asked these respondents to consider this move: which factors would be most likely to cause them to consider this move, and their responses can be grouped into five themes:

To expand my “To get the opportunity to challenge myself in 57% 56% 52% AWS knowledge learning and extending my AWS knowledge.” Application Operations Engineer, India

1. Higher earning 2. Ability to 3. Better work-life To help me leverage “To better apply my knowledge and experience, potential work remotely balance my AWS knowledge and gain future insights into how others are implementing AWS.” DevOps Architect, New Jersey , United States 4. Ownership over a 44% 8. Possibility to develop skills 33% project/system across different ASW products Exposure to “I think the exposure to other clients would give me 9. More stability 32% 5. Better benefits 43% different clients a broader knowledge.” 10. Consistency 29% 6. Better career progression 42% Senior DevOps Engineer, Canada opportunities 11. Less stress 26% For the chance to work “For the chance to work on different projects 7. Better training and learning 38% 12. Less travel 21% on diverse projects involving the AWS services.” opportunities 13. Other 2% Solutions Architect, Italy

We also asked the 16% of partner employees who could not see Professional “Higher degree of professionalism, knowledge and themselves making the move to an end user why they wouldn’t consider it. development opportunities for career growth and training than Their reasons can be grouped into two overarching themes: I’ve currently had in this environment.”  I’m happy with my current role Technical Services Manager, NY, United States  I prefer the type of work that comes from working for a partner We also asked the 16% of  I’m satisfied in my current role respondents who wouldn’t consider  I’ve currently no interest in working for a partner why they working for a partner wouldn't make the move. Their reasons can be grouped into three  I’m not in a position to move core themes: jobs right now

52 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 53 Equality, inclusion and diversity

We want to make the tech industry inclusive to all. We hope that by giving insight into the AWS community’s thoughts on diversity and equality in their organization and in the tech industry in general, we can highlight areas for improvement and help initiate change*.

D&I statement or policy Two-thirds (63%) of the professionals who took part in our survey told us that their employer has a clear inclusion and/or diversity statement or policy in place. However, a number of professionals (25%) weren’t sure whether their employer has a diversity statement or policy.

Yes, my employer has a clear inclusion or diversity statement / policy 63% No, my employer doesn’t have a clear inclusion or 12% diversity statement / policy Not sure 25%

Having a clear diversity and inclusion (D&I) policy should not just be a box- ticking exercise—building a diverse workforce and an inclusive employee culture doesn’t come from policy alone. Although creating an inclusive workplace can be challenging, achieving diversity is about ensuring that a workforce is representative of the wider society and that employees’ individual differences are taken into account. With an inclusive environment making everyone feel able to participate, realize their potential, and be recognized for their work. To be effective, a D&I policy needs to be embedded in the business strategy. There should be a visible commitment from leadership for change, taking into account unconscious bias, and recognizing barriers for change with accountability for results1.

* ‘Not applicable’ responses have been removed from this section. 1Source: Society for Human Resource Management. Retrieved from: https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/0418/pages/6-steps-for-building-an-inclusive-workplace.aspx

54 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 55 Equal pay Yes, my employer champions When we look at the difference in 79% equal working rights views across genders, 80% of male An important part of workforce equality respondents believe that is having equal pay for equal work. their employer champions equal working rights, compared to 67% Yes, I believe my employer pays men No, I feel more 10% of female respondents. and women equally could be done Partially, as I do not think this is the Similarly, 17% of female respondents same for all my female colleagues consider that their employer could do more to be an equal rights Partially, as I do not think this is the 11% Not sure employer, compared to 10% of men. same for all my male colleagues No, I believe men are rewarded greater despite being of equal skill and How could your employer champion experience equal rights? No, I believe women are rewarded greater despite being of equal skill and When asked to expand on what improvements their employer could make experience to become an equal rights employer, responses included: having a clear policy for evaluating and increasing salaries on the basis of skills and Not sure 58% 10% 3% 6% 1% 22% experience; having a more inclusive recruitment process to help minimize unconscious bias; giving staff better training on diversity and inclusion; and While 58% of respondents felt that their employer paid equal pay hiring a more diverse leadership team. The most common sentiment was for equal work, more than a fifth22% ( ) did not know whether their actually quite simple: just ensure all employees are treated fairly. employer was fair in this regard. Transparency around salaries may help to increase morale, as employees value their organization’s openness about compensation. Diversity in the workplace Interestingly,60% of male respondents felt that their employer paid equal Respondents were given several statements regarding the diversity of pay for equal work, regardless of gender, compared to just 27% of female their organization and asked whether they agreed or disagreed that these respondents. statements reflected their workplace. In addition, female respondents were more likely than their male peers (20% vs 6% respectively) to believe that men in the industry are paid more than women of equivalent skill and experience. Agree Neutral Disagree Unsure The perception that there’s a gender disparity when it comes to pay can be My employer has a workforce that includes 82% 9% 7% 3% damaging to employee morale and a company’s reputation. people of various cultural backgrounds My employer recruits and retains 56% 21% 15% 7% Inclusion mature-aged staff More than three-quarters (79%) of those surveyed believe that their My employer has policies in place to support 49% 17% 15% 19% organization is an equal rights employer, although 10% feel their employers employees’ mental health could do more. The workforce at my organization includes 50% 18% 13% 16% people with disabilities

“…treat everyone equally.” Encouragingly, 82% of respondents told us that their employer employs AWS Partner, Senior System Admin, India individuals from various cultural backgrounds.

56 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 57 Gender diversity in the workplace Diversity issues that should be discussed We also asked our participants for their thoughts on a number of When asked whether there were any other diversity issues that should be statements regarding the gender diversity of their organization. discussed more widely in the field of AWS, we obtained a variety of responses. The two overarching themes that stood out involved the lack of women in IT and age discrimination. Agree Neutral Disagree Unsure The lack of gender “I would call it ‘gender representation,’ in that there is My employer treats men and women equally 79% 11% 6% 5% representation an unequal representation of genders, with men heavily The workforce at my organization is dominating the field. gender-diverse, in that different genders 69% 14% 13% 4% The most important thing to me is meritocracy. are equally represented in the workforce Individuals should always be hired based on merit; gender, culture, or any other personal traits fall second to merit.” My employer has a clear maternity/paternity 68% 10% 8% 14% Lead DevOps Engineer, South Africa leave policy

There are clear policies in place to support Age discrimination “Age discrimination is noticed significantly, and 55% 15% 8% 21% people of different gender identities candidates aged above 50 years of age do not get the same opportunities as the younger generation - though There is an equal balance of male and female well qualified for the job and well experienced in the field. 52% 15% 27% 6% representation at the senior executive level This has been my clear observation at several interviews.” AWS Cloud Security Architect, Illinois, United States Although 55% of respondents agree that there are clear policies in place at their organization to support people of different gender identities, a further 21% were unsure about such policies. This might well be because AWS events 1. AWS Global Summits 51% respondents may not be aware of such policies unless it directly affects them. 67% of our survey respondents told us 2. AWS re:Invent 44% that they attend AWS events:51% of 3. AWS TechConnect 22% Gender inequality in the industry these respondents regularly attending AWS Global Summits, while 44% are 4. AWS Transformation days 16% 5. Other 21% 64% 64% of professionals agree frequent attendees of AWS re:Invent. that gender equality is a significant issue in the 19% Why do members of the AWS community attend events? tech industry. 11% Most respondents attend events to upskill 76%( ), to find out useful AWS The view that the industry information 69%( ) and for general networking (64%). 6% is male-dominated is shared by a greater proportion of All Male Female Agree Disagree our female respondents Training / upskilling 76% 76% 69% Neither agree Not sure (73%) than our male nor disagree respondents (64%). Useful product information 69% 68% 77% General networking 64% 65% 62% Business development 36% 37% 31% “There is still a general lack of women in the field.” Introductions to AWS partners 26% 27% 8% Product Security Engineer, Indiana, United States Other 3% 2% 8%

58 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 59 The community’s Salary table thoughts on AWS methodology

“It has a diverse range of products for every category. It’s a market leader for The salary table data was analyzed from multiple data points, a reason, because it has variety of advance services to offer almost each and including salary data self-reported from the salary survey every area of domain/business.” respondents, and AWS vacancies and placement data from roles AWS Partner, Cloud Deployment Engineer, Ireland registered with Jefferson Frank in the last twelve months1. The resulting data is then verified by our specialist teams, who apply “I am really amazed with the number of use cases AWS covers through its their own insight and knowledge of the wider market to ensure that the services and they keep coming up with new ones.” information is accurate with respect to base salary, seniority or experience, AWS Partner, Solution Architect, India job title, technology, and location. 1 August 2018 to September 2019 “AWS has an excellent range of products (catering to different use cases) and it is growing rapidly.” AWS Partner, Software Engineer, India

“I’m continuously impressed by AWS introducing more services—all in an attempt to make life easier for developers like me.” End user, Developer/Programmer, Georgia, United States

“In my opinion, AWS is an innovative market leader in the cloud today, but I personally feel like such a mammoth service range can sometimes have an adverse impact on working professionals as it is hard to keep up with their range of products.” End user, DevOps Lead, India

“Since I first started working with AWS, the product range has grown considerably. It is now very difficult to be skilled in everything that AWS offers.” End user, Senior Project Manager, California, United States

“It’s a huge platform: lots of time is needed to keep up-to-date with the latest releases.” AWS Partner, Software Architect, Italy

60 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 61 United States AWS salaries Permanent ($) Contract ($)

Job title Junior Mid Senior Hourly

If you’re an employer or hiring manager, you can use our salary tables to benchmark your team’s remuneration and set budgets for the next Cloud Application Architect 143,000 178,500 204,000 155 financial year. If you’re a professional working with AWS products, we’ll tell you how much you should be earning. Cloud Application Developer 100,500 124,500 146,500 125

Big Data Engineer 102,000 122,500 153,000 135 Certain markets will exhibit 10-15% variance due to differences in costs of living. The salaries do not include bonuses and incentives. Additionally, multiple Big Data Solutions Architect 153,000 175,500 204,000 155 factors, including years of experience, specialized skills required and the complexity of the role, affect where the salary for a particular role falls within Cloud Engineer 117,500 139,000 170,000 110 the range. Cloud Infrastructure Architect 141,500 159,000 191,000 155

Cloud Systems Administrator 97,000 117,500 132,500 90 SALARIES IN THE UNITED STATES //63 Data Engineer 92,000 114,500 163,500 125

SALARIES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM //64 Data Scientist 102,000 144,000 214,000 155

SALARIES IN FRANCE //65 DevOps Architect 119,000 130,000 185,500 155 DevOps Engineer 112,000 136,000 185,000 125 SALARIES IN GERMANY //66 Pre-Sales Architect - 157,000 189,000 160

Site Reliability Engineer 110,000 137,000 171,500 130 Find out how much you could be earning

Salaries are correct as of November 2019. For up to date information please contact us directly.

62 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 63 United Kingdom France

Permanent (£) Contract (£) Permanent (€) Contract (€)

Job title Junior Mid Senior Daily Job title Junior Mid Senior Daily

Cloud Application Architect - 70,000 84,500 715 Cloud Application Architect 43,000 49,000 68,000 630

Cloud Application Developer 41,000 54,500 - 565 Cloud Application Developer 30,500 43,000 52,000 550

Big Data Engineer 42,000 66,500 97,000 615 Big Data Engineer 43,000 45,000 51,000 610

Big Data Solutions Architect - 82,000 102,000 820 Big Data Solutions Architect 39,500 56,000 66,000 660

Cloud Engineer 32,500 43,500 59,000 510 Cloud Engineer 32,500 40,500 49,000 -

Cloud Infrastructure Architect 46,000 59,000 81,000 615 Cloud Infrastructure Architect 45,000 53,500 64,000 760

Cloud Systems Administrator 33,500 41,000 51,000 460 Cloud Systems Administrator 28,500 41,000 59,000 520

Data Engineer 76,500 82,000 87,000 510 Data Engineer 37,500 45,500 55,000 660

Data Scientist 39,500 56,000 98,000 665 Data Scientist 40,500 46,000 57,000 710

DevOps Architect - 65,000 99,000 765 DevOps Architect - 46,000 63,000 690

DevOps Engineer 41,000 66,500 82,000 615 DevOps Engineer 38,500 46,000 61,000 560

Pre-Sales Architect - - 106,000 - Pre-Sales Architect - - - -

Site Reliability Engineer 39,500 55,000 78,500 485 Site Reliability Engineer - - - -

Salaries are correct as of November 2019. Salaries are correct as of November 2019. For up to date information please contact us directly. For up to date information please contact us directly.

64 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Jefferson Frank 65 Germany Find AWS Permanent (€) Contract (€) Job title Junior Mid Senior Daily professionals fast Cloud Application Architect 49,000 73,500 89,500 980 You can filter by Cloud Application Developer 53,000 71,500 82,500 795 Do you want to be more  Job type and title hands-on in the hiring process?  Country and/or region Big Data Engineer 57,000 64,000 84,500 755 Use our free Candidate Search  Language Big Data Solutions Architect 70,500 86,500 96,000 1,120 tool and build your own  Skills and experience shortlist of AWS professionals Cloud Engineer 48,000 62,500 79,500 665 in seconds from our  Availability  Salary/rate Cloud Infrastructure Architect 61,500 74,500 89,500 765 exclusive database. Cloud Systems Administrator 41,000 59,000 73,000 590 Here’s how it works Data Engineer 49,000 59,000 77,500 665  Enter a search into the online database and filter the results by skills, location, industry sector, job title, availability and many Data Scientist 51,000 66,500 98,000 815 other parameters. DevOps Architect - - 88,500 920  View online profiles of professionals qualified by our expert recruitment consultants. DevOps Engineer 46,000 55,000 68,500 765  Save your searches or sign up for our email Pre-Sales Architect - - 92,000 - service that will alert you to any new applicants that match your requirements. Site Reliability Engineer - - 88,500 560  Request resumes of candidates that are of interest to you.

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[email protected] Salaries are correct as of November 2019. For up to date information please contact us directly.

66 AWS Salary Survey 2019//2020 Our offices

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