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Panchkula is a planned city in , , India. It is a satellite city of the Union Territory of . The prestigious Chandimandir Cantonment Headquarters of the Indian , is also located in Panchkula city. There are five towns in the district named Panchkula,Barwala , and Raipur Rani. The only Hill station in Haryana called is also in this District. The estimated population of Panchkula city, in 2006, is 2,00,000. Panchkula and Mohali (in Punjab) are two satellite cities of Chandigarh. These three cities are collectively known as Chandigarh Tricity.

The origin of the name Panchkula is based on the five irrigation canals (or kuls as they were called, making it Panch Kul of five canals) that take water from the Ghaggar in the uphill section and distribute it from to Mansa Devi. The Nada canal has now been eroded by the river and most of the kul's pass through the cantonement of Chandimandir towards Mansa Devi. The canals are a beautiful example of community property and are maintained by the villagers along the way, with distribution days decided. The canals were made by a ruler in the past, and follow the contours to take water to levels much higher than the river at the same spot.

Though the district came into existence in the mid of last decade of 20th century, yet its antiquity is beyond any doubt. The earliest inhabitants of the district were a primitive people using stone tools of the lower palaeolithic age such as choppers, unworked flakes, cleavers, hand-axes, etc. These have been discovered from Mansa Devi area (Bilaspur), Pinjore and Suketri. In the ancient time Aryans traversed the region emotionally. The district is also associated with Pandavas who enroute to Himalayas during their exile stayed here for some times. The place was known as Panchpura later corrupted to Pinjore. The name Panchpura was deciphered from the Pinjore Baoli Inscription found from here. Pinjore is also mentioned in ancient literature1. The region was also indirectly under the sway of the foreign Kushan and Yaudhey rulers. This fact is corroborated from the recent finding of Kushan bricks from the adjacent territories of present Ambala district. According to Majumdar, this region had been a part of Gupta dynasty. This fact is based on discovery of silver coins of Gupta dynasty.

Towards the close of the seventh and first part of the eighth century A.D., the district fell a prey to the imperial ambitions of Yasovarman of Kanauj and Lalitaditya, the ruler of Kashmir. During the 12th century A.D., the area was acquired by the Chauhans of . They restored peace and order in the area including adjoining district of Ambala. The inscription , dated A.D. 1164 gives an idea of the role which the region played in resisting the Muslim invaders. In this context, it is said that Kilhana , maternal uncle of Prithviraj-II was appointed as governor of Hansi and he defeated the ruler of Panchpura (Pinjore) and extended Chauhan rule over that region. The district finally passed on to the Muslim rule as a result of the decisive victory of Shihab-ud-din Ghuri over Prithviraj -III in the Second Battle of Tarain (A.D. 1192). After the death of Shihab-ud-din Ghuri, Qutb-ud-din Aibak established Muslim rule in North India. The region was also included in the Delhi Sultanate. Tabakat-i-Nasiri refers to the victories of Sultan Nasir-ud-din Mahmud in the vicinity of Pinjore and the loot of the spoils from there.

After Firuz's death, the region felt the full force of those intensive discords which also disturbed Delhi-kingdom. Consequently, the adjacent territories and this area went out of the control of Tughlaqs. The invasion of Timur(1398) destroyed the whole countryside in the region upto Siwalik hills (possibly including Pinjore). But his sway did not last a long period. Thereafter the area passed on the Mughals. Akbar, the Great, had a vast area under his control including this region. Fidai Khan, Aurangzeb's Master of Ordnance laid a beautiful garden at Pinjore. The region was conquered by Rohillas but they were soon expelled by the Marathas. The Marathas were badly run over by the British and major portion of this region passed under the British in 1803. The area now forming part of Bilaspur village about three kilometres of east of Manimajra was under the ruler of Manimajra. The ruler of Manimajra (Gurbaksh Singh) got built the old shrine of Mata Mansa Devi in 1815 A.D. The area now including Kalka was a part of erstwhile princely State of Patiala but was acquired by the British in 1846. Later on it was included in Simla district. After taking over the Chiefs of Ambala area under their protection, the British controlled the affairs of all the states in the region in a most effective manner through political agency at Ambala. The political agency of Ambala was transformed into Commissionership under the Commissioner of Cis-Satluj States and the political supervision and control over the States was intensified . By 1846, several chiefships had lapsed owing to their failure to have male heirs and so called break-down of administrative machinery. The British acquired strips of territory around of Ambala which was included into Ambala district. By 1858, the whole of Haryana territory was a part of the Punjab. The Kalka area, a part of Simla district, was transferred to Ambala district in 1899. No change could be effected till 1966. Prior to the formation of Haryana in November, 1966, Ambala district had six tahsils but during the re-organisation it lost Nalagarh tahsil to Himachal Pradesh, Rupnagar tahsil and major portion of Kharar tahsil to Punjab and a few villages including the Chandigarh Capital Project Area to the newly formed Union Territory Chandigarh .Ambala district retained only 3 tahsils -Ambala, Jagadhri and Naraingarh including 153 villages and the Kalka town transferred from Kharar tahsil. Later, in 1967, 153 villages and Kalka town were taken out of Naraingarh tahsil and formed into a separate Kalka tahsil. There was no jurisdictional change during the decade1971-81 with reference to the Kalka tahsil. The Ambala district experienced jurisdictional changes during the decade1981- 91. Panchkula tahsil was created by transfering 77 villages of Kalka tahsil and 19 villages of Naraingarh tahsil in October, 1989. Out of these 96 villages, four villages were fully merged in Panchkula Urban Estate . The full-fledged Panchkula district came into existence with effect from 15-8-1995. Now it had two tahsils Kalka and Panchkula.

Urban Estate Panchkula

The new urban estate of Panchkula is west of Chandigarh. The Chandigarh railway station is near the Chandigarh Panchkula boundary, and has an exit toward Panchkula. The area's of Shivalik Enclave,and Manimajra are towards the Northwest of Panchkula Urban estate. The Cantonment of Chandimandir is north of Panchkula urban estate, toward's the Urban estate's southern edge is Zirakpur in Punjab. Most of the developed sectors are West of the Ghaggar river. The Simla highway cuts through the estate mostly parallel to the Ghaggar. and it's newer sectors are on the western banks of the Ghaggar. It is developed on outskirts of Chandigarh, amongst the picturesque background of the Shivalik hills and the Ghaggar River. The township has been sub-divided into residential sectors, industrial sectors, parks and areas for regional recreation, major institutions, markets, and government and semi-government offices. The Eastern sectors are on the edge of Ramgarh, through which a road runs south to Dera Bassi in Punjab via Mubarakpur. East of Ramgarh on the road to Naraingarh ( in Ambala district) is Barwala where an industrial estate has been set up and Raipur Rani where Sabeer Bhatia is proposing to set up a Nano city. The road to Nahan- Paonta- Dehradun goes through these towns. Short of Raipur Rani is a turn that goes to Dosarka between Ambala and Yamunanagar.

A large area south of Old Panchkula between Ambala-Kalka national highway and the Ghaggar River has been developed for recreation. The area has a golf course, and a sports complex, named Tau Devi Lal Sports complex. Tau Devi Lal Sports Complex has been popular due to the ICL Cricket Tournaments here.

North of Chandimandir are hills and Pinjore as well as Kalka, due west of Pinjore is the industrial area of Baddi. HMT factory is in Pinjore and An ancillary industrial estate of HMT with built-up sheds has been established. Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL-A government of India Enterprise) was set up on approximately 23 hectares of land in Panchkula Industrial Area and today employs a large work force.

Urban estate Panchkula has had 3 phases so far

Phase I

Sectors 1 through to 19, and Industrial area this is shaped like a large triangle, with the railway line being one side of the triangle and the Zirakpur Kalka road being another. The Industrial area is largely along the railway line. All the prime sectors and a well developed market encompasses this triangle.

Phase 2

Sectors 20 through to 30 This has some sectors across the Zirakpur-Kalka road and many on both sides of the banks of the Ghagghar

Phase 3

Are the new announced sectors beyond Ramgarh, to the east of the existing sectors.

Town Planning

The Town Planning Wing has been established at the Head Quarters to look after the work of perspective planning for establishment of new Urban Estates, planning of commercial areas and research/development of zoning regulations. The wing is headed by a Chief Town Planner (HUDA) who is assisted by Senior Town Planner, District Town Planners, and Assistant Town Planner. The Town Planning Wing has also been entrusted with the job of designing and issue of advertisements in the newspapers regarding floatation of residential/industrial/ institutional sectors in all the Urban Estates, as well as work relating to Group Housing Schemes, Govt. land Schemes and Mandi Townships.

Regulations & Procedures

Haryana Urban Development Authority is a prime agency of the State Government engaged in the planned development of urban areas in the state. It undertakes development of land after the same is acquired by the Govt. of Haryana through its Urban Estates department for specific land uses, like residential, Commercial and Industrial etc. in accordance with the provisions of the Development Plans of a particular area. The Development Plans are got prepared and published by the Director Town & Country Planning Haryana, in exercise of the powers conferred by Sub-Section 7 of section 5 of the Punjab Scheduled Roads and Controlled Areas (Restriction of Unregulated Development) Act, 1963. After acquisition of land, a layout plan is prepared on the basis of a plane table survey of the acquired land, and in accordance with the norms & standards evolved by HUDA for providing a congenial living environment. For the purpose of ensuring health and safety of the allottees and for proper aesthetics and a desirable street picture, Haryana Urban Development Authority( Erection of Buildings) Regulations, 1979 have been framed, which besides other design / Structural requirements, specify the proportion of the site which may be covered with building, F.A.R., Max. height etc. in the case of different types of buildings.

1. Industrial

Maximum permissible coverage on Maximum permissible floor Maximum height of the industrial ground area ratio building

60 percent of area of the site 125 per cent 21 meters

2. Information Technology Industry

Maximum coverage on ground (percentage of Maximum permissible floor Maximum height site area) area ratio (percentage) of building ( in meters)

40% for new units and 60% for existing industry 250 30 converting into information Technology units.

3. Institutions And Other Public Buildings

Area of Plot Maximum permissible coverage on Maximum permissible F.A.R ground floor upto 10,000 Sq. mtrs. 33% of the area of the plot 100%

Above 10,000 Sq. mtrs. 25% of such additional plot 100%

4. Residential

(a) Permissible Maximum Coverage

Area of Site Maximum permissible coverage on Maximum permissible ground ( including ancillary and coverage on the 1st residential zone) floor

1. For the first 225 sq. mtrs. of the total 60% of the such portion of the site 55% area of the site

2. For the next 225 sq. mts., ie. Portion 40% of such portion of the site 35% of the area between 225 and 450 sq. mtrs.

3. For the remaining portion of the site. 35% of such portion of the site 25% i.e., for the portion of the area exceeding 450 sq. meters.

(b) Permissible FAR and Maximum Height

Area of site / category of plot Maximum permissible FAR Maximum permissible Height

6 Marla 1.45 11 Mtr.

10 Marla 1.45 11 Mtr.

14 Marla 1.30 11 Mtr.

1 Kanal 1.20 11 Mtr.

2 Kanal 1.00 11 Mtr.

5. Building Application for Construction and Norms of Group Housing Scheme

Before taking up any construction and development works at site, the society/ organization get the building plans approved from concerned Estate officer, HUDA. The building norms are :

i) Building Zone As shown on zoning plan of site allotted to cooperative society /organization ii) Set As per zoning plan or the BIS code as the case may be backs(including inter se-distances iii) Boundary To standard design as specified in zoning plan. wall/gate iv) Max. permissible 33.33% of the site on ground and subsequent floors or coverage on 35% of the site on ground floor and 30% on ground subsequent floors. v) Max FAR 175% of the site area. vi) Population 100 to 300 persons per acre @ 5 persons per dwelling density unit.

vii) Super area of 76 sq. mts. to 350 sq. mts. general DUs Super area of Upto 75 sq. mts. EWS dwelling unit viii) Max height of The limit of the maximum height of the building has building been removed. Above 30 mts height, clearance from National Airport Authority of India will be required. More than 60 mts height regarding structural stability, the clearance from the recognized institutions like ITTs, Punjab Engineering College (PEC), regional Engineering College/National Institute of technology etc. and for the fire safety clearance from institute of Fire Engineers, Nagpur will be required. ix) Covered parking In addition to open parking provided, if any, the covered parking per dwelling unit shall be as follows: Upto 75 sq. mts. = 06 sq. mts. Above 76 sq. mts. = 35 sq. mts. xi) Parking under Area under stilts and basement shall not be counted stilts and towards F.A.R. basement xii) Lifts and stairs Building more than 15 mts. high shall have provision of adequate number of lifts as per BIS Building Code, in addition to stairs. For continuous running of lift system provision of power generator run on diesel/petrol or other such fuel shall be made . The height of the machine room of lift shall be sufficient to allow any portion of equipment to be accessible and removable for repair and replacement and shall be not less than 2.0 mts. from the floor or the platform of machine.

Xiii) Ramps Ramp shall be optional. If constructed in addition to the lifts and stair cases( as per NBC) will not be counted towards FAR subject to the condition that ground coverage shall not exceed 35% of the site. xiv) Basement A four level basement is permitted within zoned area. About 15% zoned area may be reserved for generator set for the captive power generation and electrical sub station. This basement area is to be segregated from the main block of the building through a permanent wall. Rest of the area can be used for basement parking purposes only. Entry to the basement shall be from inside of the building 1.5 equivalent Car Space (ECS) for each dwelling unit will be required. Also minimum 75% of car parking is to be provided in the form of covered parking Basement shall not be counted in FAR and shall further be subjected to the restrictions stipulated in the zoning. xv) Meeting Place Provision of ?meeting place? may be allowed within prescribed FAR and ground coverage not more than the size of one dwelling unit being constructed by the society/organization.

xvi) Organized At least equal to 15% of the area of site. Children Park

xvii) Boosting of The group housing societies/organization shall be drinking responsible for making arrangement for boosting of water for their group housing buildings for drinking and fire purposes. This shall include the construction of Water for upper water storage tank at any level and on top of the floors building as per standard public Health Norms to be approved by Executive Engineer, HUDA. xviii) Provision of letter Provision of letter boxes for each dwelling unit Boxes proposed in the scheme shall be made at ground floors at the entrance of their respective blocks. xix) Fire Safety All buildings shall conforms to the provision of part IV of the BIS (National Building) Code, and shall be provided with adequate arrangements to over come fire hazards to the satisfaction of concerned authorities. xx) Building HUDA (Erection of Buildings) Regulations, 1979 (as Regulations amended from time to time) shall apply. The provisions of BIS (National Building Code) shall apply wherever HUDA (Erection of Buildings) Regulations, 1979 and zoning clauses are silent on any aspect.