Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

Land at Racecourse Road East Ayton North

SE 99658 85241

MAP 5.13.2016

Archaeology and Heritage Desk Based Assessment

Contents Page

Figure List 2

Plate List 2

Non Technical Summary 3

1. Introduction 4

2. Site Description 4

3. Aims and Objectives 5

4. Methodology 6

5. Policy Context 7

6. Significance Criteria 9

7. Results 12

8. Setting of the Heritage Assets 24

9. Impact of the Development 25

10. Conclusions 25

11. References and Bibliography 26

12. List of Contributors 26

1 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

Figure List Page

1. Site Location. Scale 1:25,000. 27

2. Proposed Development Area. Scale 1:1,250. 28

3. Designated Heritage Assets (Conservation Areas). Scale 1:10,000. 29

4. Designated Heritage Assets (Scheduled Monument & Listed Buildings. Scale 1:10,000. 30

5. Non-designated Heritage Assets (Monuments). Scale 1:5,000. 31

6. Aerial Photographic Cropmarks (National Mapping Programme). Scale 1:10,000. 32

7. Non-designated Heritage Assets (Events). Scale 1:10,000. 33

8. Extract from the 1854 First Edition Ordnance Survey Map. Scale 1:10,560. 34

Plate List

1. Proposed Development Area. Facing South-west. 35

2. Proposed Development Area. Facing North. 35

3. Proposed Development Area. Facing South. 36

2 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

Land at Racecourse Road East Ayton

SE 99658 85241

MAP 5.13.2016

Archaeology and Heritage Desk Based Assessment

Non Technical Summary This report has been undertaken by MAP Archaeological Practice Ltd under instruction from Mr Paul Walker, to evaluate the Historical and Archaeological background, and to assess the impact of the proposed development on Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton, North Yorkshire.

The site currently consists of the arable fields.

There are no Designated Heritage Assets within the Proposed Development Site.

The Proposed Development would have a neutral impact on the Designated Heritage Assets located within a kilometre, which included the

Conservation Area, two Scheduled Monuments, a Grade I Listed Building, a Grade II* Listed Building and ten Grade II Listed Buildings.

There is an aerial photographic cropmark of a ditched enclosure within the

Proposed Development Area, indicating the presence of archaeological features and deposits.

With appropriate mitigation, there are no Cultural Heritage Reasons to prevent development.

3 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

1. Introduction 1.1 This Archaeology and Heritage Desk Based Assessment has been undertaken by MAP Archaeological Practice Ltd., under instruction from

Paul Walker, to evaluate the Historical and Archaeological background and to assess the impact of the proposed development on Land at

Racecourse Road, East Ayton, North Yorkshire (NGR SE 99658 85241: Figs. 1 & 2).

1.2 Archaeological, Historical and Architectural remains are protected by means of Statutory Instruments; including the Ancient Monuments and

Archaeological Areas Act 1979 and Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990); and also by World Heritage Status, the

National Planning Policy Framework, Chapter 12 (March 2012).

1.3 The Proposed Development does not affect any World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Registered Parks and

Gardens or Registered Battlefields nor any Non-designated Heritage Assets of High Sensitivity or Significance.

1.4 The work was funded by Paul Walker.

1.5 All Maps within this report have been reproduced from the Ordnance

Survey with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Crown Copyright, Licence No. AL50453A.

2. Site Description 2.1 The Proposed Development Area is located east of the village of East Ayton, c five kilometres south-west of Scarborough. The site is located

4 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

south of the A170 Pickering to Scarborough Road, Racecourse Road

(Figs 1 and 2; Pls. 1- 3).

2.2 The site is c. 4.2 Ha. in size and stands at heights of between 50m AOD. The site consists of arable fields.

2.3 The site stands on soils derived from Wick 1 Soil association (Mackney

et al. 1984; 541r, 9) described as ‘deep well drained coarse loamy and sandy soils, locally over gravel’ over a geology of glaciofluvial or river

terrace drift.

3. Aims and Objectives 3.1 The Desk Based Assessment has been prepared in accordance with best

practice guidelines issued by the Institute of Field Archaeologists Chartered Institute for Archaeologists) Standard and Guidance for

historic environment desk-based assessment (CIfA 2014).

3.2 An assessment is required that will consider the likely survival of buried archaeological deposits on the site, the likely significance of such

deposits and the impact on them of the proposal and assess the historic interest of the standing buildings and their contribution to the

area’s historic character and will consider the impact of the

development proposal.

3.3 The aim of the Desk Based Assessment is to:

 Identify recorded features of historical and archaeological significance within the study area

 Establish the potential for hitherto unrecorded and unknown sites

5 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

 Assess the relative importance of the sites

 Assess the likely impact of the proposed development on the sites

 Make recommendations to mitigate any impact of the development on the sites

4. Methodology 4.1 The assessment comprised the evaluation of historical information

derived from cartographic and pictorial documents, the Ordnance Survey and the Historic Environment Records; and secondly by

consideration of previous Archaeological Excavations, Evaluations and Watching Briefs. The search covered an area of one kilometre around

the proposed development area.

 National Archives  National Monument Register

 North Yorkshire County Council Historic Environment Record

4.2 The following data sources were utilised for assessment: I. North Yorkshire County Council Historic Environment Record

(HER) entries for 1km around the site II. North Yorkshire Archives (County Record Office)

III. National Monuments Record IV. Listed Building/Conservation records

V. Aerial Photographs VI. Scheduled Monuments List

VII. English Heritage Register of Historic Parks and Gardens and Register of Battlefields

6 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

VIII. Plans and maps of the site and its environs, including historical

pictorial and surveyed maps and including pre- and post-war Ordnance Surveys up to the present day

IX. Place and street name evidence X. Trade and Business Directories

XI. Historical documents and photographs XII. Appropriate archaeological and historical journals and books.

5. Policy Context 5.1 Archaeological, historical and architectural remains are protected by means of Statutory Instruments (including the Ancient Monuments and

Archaeological Areas Act 1979 and Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas Act 1990) and the National Planning Policy Framework adopted

in March 2012.

5.2 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 5.2.1 Section 46 in the Department of Culture Media and Sport 2010:

Scheduled Monuments. Identifying, protecting, conserving and investigating nationally important archaeological sites under the

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979) states ‘In terms of impact of development on the setting of a scheduled monument,

securing the preservation of the monument ‘within an appropriate setting’ as required by national policy is solely a matter for the planning

system. Whether any particular development within the setting of a scheduled monument will have an adverse impact on its significance is a

matter of professional judgement. It will depend upon such variables as

the nature, extent and design of the development proposed, the

characteristics of the monument in question, its relationship to other

7 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

monuments in the vicinity, its current landscape setting and its

contribution to our understanding and appreciation of the monument’.

5.3 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990

5.3.1 Section 66 (1) in the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 states 'In considering whether to grant planning permission for

development which affects a listed building or its setting, the local planning authority or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State shall

have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it

possesses'.

5.4 National Planning Policy Framework: 12. Conserving and enhancing the historic environment

5.4.1 NPPF-12 sets out the Government’s objectives for the historic environment and rationale for its conservation. It recognises the unique

place the historic environment holds in ’s cultural heritage and

the multiple ways it supports and contributes to the economy, society

and daily life. The NPPF also identifies the historic environment as a non-renewable resource. Its fragile and finite nature is a particularly

important consideration in planning. Conserving this resource for future generations accords with the principles of sustainable

development. Government places a priority on its conservation and has set out tests to ensure that any damage or loss is permitted only where

it is properly justified.

128 In determining application, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a

8 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation.

132 When considering the impact of the proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed buildings, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I or II* listed buildings, grade I or II* registered park and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional.

133 Where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh the harm or loss, or all of the following apply:  The nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site  No viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; and  Conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and  The harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use.

139 Non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest that are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled monuments, should be considered subject to the policies for designated heritage assets.

6. Significance Criteria 6.1 The principal aims of the Heritage Assessment are:-

I. To identify known cultural heritage and archaeological sites within or in the vicinity of the proposed development;

II. To identify areas within the application boundary with the potential to contain any previously unrecorded archaeological

remains;

9 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

III. To assess the physical and visual effects of the proposed

development upon historic buildings or archaeological sites and their settings;

IV. To propose appropriate mitigation measures which could be built into the development proposals to avoid, reduce or

remedy any potential adverse effects identified; and, V. To assess the acceptability of the development proposals with

respect to cultural heritage and archaeology in relation to local plan policies and national planning guidance.

6.2 Criteria of Sensitivity

6.2.1 The criteria of sensitivity has been assessed in accordance with the following principles:

Table 1: Criteria of Sensitivity Sensitivity Type of Heritage Asset Very High World Heritage Sites – sites of universal value, importance and significance High Designated Heritage Assets as defined in NPPF such as Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area Medium Undesignated Heritage Sites, such as listed on the County Historical Environment Register Low Sites or Buildings which may have some potential interest or significance but which have not been identified by the Local Authority Negligible Buildings or sites of no architectural, historical, aesthetic or communal significance

6.3 Significance of Impacts

6.3.1 The significance of impacts has been assessed in accordance with the following principles:

10 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

Table 2: Significance of Impacts Magnitude Factors in the assessment Substantial Very significant impact. Adverse Impact- when the development proposals would destroy or significantly compromise the integrity of a regionally or nationally important archaeological site or historic building and mitigation could not remove or modify such effects. Beneficial Impact- The proposals would result in effects that improve the historic landscape character and the quality of the archaeological record by detailed recording and increased interpretation and public dissemination. Moderate Significant impact. Adverse Impact- development proposals would partially damage or compromise but not destroy the integrity of a regional or national important archaeological site or historic building. Adequate mitigation measures can be specified. Impact on the setting of sites, buildings and historic landscapes which would diminish the character, appearance and understanding. Beneficial Impact- The proposals would result in effects that fit very well with the historic landscape character enabling the restoration of valued characteristic features. Minor Slight impact. Adverse Impact- Integrity of regional and national important sites not substantially compromised. Locally significant sites and historic buildings could be destroyed or substantially compromised. However, substantial mitigation measures can be specified. Beneficial Impact- The proposals would result in effects that improve the archaeological understanding of the quality and character of the site. Neutral Very slight impact. The proposals would have no effect on archaeological sites, historic buildings or historic landscapes.

6.3.2 The significance of effects are summarised below:-

Table 3: Significance of Effects Sensitivity Very High High Medium Low Negligible

Impact

Substantial Substantial Substantial Moderate Minor Minor

Moderate Substantial Substantial Minor Minor Negligible

Minor Moderate Moderate Negligible Negligible Negligible

Neutral Minor Minor Negligible Negligible Negligible

11 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

7. Results 7.1 Historical Background

7.1.1 East Ayton is a village and located in the District of

Scarborough in the County of North Yorkshire and was formerly in the Parish of Seamer, in the Wapentake and Liberty of Pickering Lythe in

the North Riding of the County of York.

7.1.2 The village of East Ayton (Atun) has a pre-Conquest foundation. The place-name Ayton derives from Norwegian ‘Aaby’ and means ‘river

farm’ (Smith 1969 p. 100).

7.1.3 Ayton are documented as three separate manors in the before the Norman Conquest in the Domesday Book, held by Blakkr, Gilleandrais

and Torbrandr. West Ayton and Hutton Buscel in 1086 were owned by the King under the Soak of Falsgrave. East Ayton at this time was

owned by William de Percy in the Parish of Seamer. The entry in Domesday stated “William de Percy in (East) Ayton, 6 carucates,

Berenger of Tosny in the same place 2 carucates”. The distinction between East and West Ayton, divided by the River Derwent, was noted

in the documentary sources in the fourteenth century.

7.1.4 Sir William Aton married Isabel Percy and their daughter married Sir Ralf Eure, to whom is attributed the construction of Ayton castle in the

late fourteenth century.

7.1.5 East Ayton remained in the ownership of the De Percy family until 1912, when the majority of the East Ayton was sold.

12 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

7.2 Historic Environment Record

7.2.1 A one kilometre radius search was undertaken for the Proposed Development Area on the North Yorkshire County Council Historic

Environment Record (HER) in April 2016.

7.2.2 There are no Designated Heritage Assets located within the Proposed Development Area or immediately adjacent to it. There are fifteen

Designated Heritage Assets located within one kilometre of the Proposed Development Area (Table 4 & Figs. 3 and 4), including the

West Ayton Conservation Area, two Scheduled Monuments, a Grade I Listed Building, a Grade II* Listed Building and ten Grade II Listed

Building. Designated Heritage Assets are assessed as of high sensitivity. The Impact of the Proposed Development on the setting

and significance on these Designated Heritage Assets is assessed as Neutral as the assets are screened by existing hedgerows and existing

residential development.

Table 4: Designated Heritage Assets within one kilometres of the Proposed Development Area HER Ref. & Grid Ref. Description Period NHLE Ref. DNY1022 SE 988 847 West Ayton Conservation Area Medieval/ Historic Cores of East and West Ayton Post- villages. medieval Designated on 8/3/1985 DNY1264 SE 988 851 Ayton Castle: medieval manorial centre, Medieval DNY11119 fortified house including tower and 1015410 fishponds 1148147 The monument includes the remains of 3191 the medieval manorial centre and later fortified house complex at Ayton Castle and is situated on south facing, rising ground to the north of the River Derwent. Included in the scheduling are the standing ruins of a fortified house and the earthwork remains of buildings which all lie within a courtyard, a series of wide terraces on the slope above the tower

13 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

and, in a field to the south, the earthwork remains of a set of fishponds. Further slight earthworks and buried archaeological remains extend into the field to the west of the ruins. The ruins of the fortified house are the only standing remains of the complex and are Listed Grade I. It is a rectangular three storey, stone built tower only standing to its full height at the south east corner. The vaulted basement is intact but no other floors or ceilings survive. Many architectural details such as windows, doorways, stairs and roof and floor supports survive, which provide evidence of the original internal arrangements. It was built in the style of a tower house, a type of defensible house characteristic of the borderlands of Scotland and England. The tower and remains of associated and earlier buildings stand in an almost square enclosure or courtyard, measuring 120m east to west by 110m north to south which is defined by the earthwork remains of a curtain wall. Surrounding the tower are the earthwork remains of the medieval manorial complex. These include at least six rectangular buildings, four of which were attached to the inside of the enclosure wall. These structures have been identified as a hall, service annexe, kitchen range, dovecote and two possible gatehouses. Further earthworks associated with the manor and the fortified house also lie within the enclosure; their precise function is not yet fully understood. Scheduled Monument and Grade I Listed Building DNY138 SE 998 861 Bowl barrow 700m north of Betton Farm 1008128 Bronze Age bowl barrow. The barrow MNY7201 mound is 23m in diameter and up to 1.2m high. The barrow is crossed by a field boundary; to the west of this boundary the mound has been affected by agricultural activity and is only 0.4m high. To the east of the boundary the mound is 1.2m high. Although no longer visible at ground level, a ditch, from which material was excavated during the construction of the monument surrounds the barrow mound. This has become in-filled over the

14 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

years but survives as a buried feature 4m wide. The barrow was partially excavated by Lord Conyngham, a 19th century antiquarian. He found a cremation and two flint arrow heads. Scheduled Monument DNY11879 SE 99132 Church of Saint John the Baptist, Main 1167755 84952 Street, East Ayton Church. Early C12 nave and chancel arch; C12 tower with rebuilt upper stages; C13 chancel altered in C15 and partly rebuilt C18; C15 windows and buttresses to nave; south porch of 1634 (on datestone); C19 vestry. Sandstone rubble, with rebuilding in sandstone ashlar; pantile roof, with slate roofs to porch and vestry. West tower, partly built in nave; south porch; chancel and north vestry. 3-stage embattled tower has a single lancet to lowest stage to west, and four lancet bell openings to upper stage. Gabled porch with flat-headed opening contains a C12 round-arched doorway of a single order with beakhead moulding. Two C15 2-light flat- arched windows to right and one to left. Two similar windows, rebuilt, to chancel, flank a blocked priest's door. C13 lancet to right. C18 Venetian window in heavy plain surround to east end. "So openings to north side but there is a blocked door to the right of the vestry. Coped gables and plain kneelers. Interior: Early C12 semicircular chamfered chancel arch with plain imposts. Tower arch has stepped imposts but was probably altered to the present crude ogee in C15. C12 tub font has moulded arcade in shallow relief of semicircular arches on columns with capitals and bases. Grade II* Listed Building DNY11108 SE 98796 Ayton Bridge, East Ayton 1148136 84789 Bridge. 1775. By John Carr. Sandstone ashlar. Four arches, the central ones being wider and taller, with voussoirs. Pilaster buttresses rise into the parapet where they form embrasures. Continuous band beneath plain parapet with cambered coping, which terminates at each end in cylindrical piers with domed caps. Grade II Listed Building DNY11110 SE 98944 8 and 10 Castlegate, East Ayton

15 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

1148138 84932 Pair of houses. Late C18 with later alterations. Coursed rubble sandstone; pantile roof; brick stacks. 2-storey front, each house of two bays. C20 doors to centre left and centre right both flanked by two ground floor windows. No 8 has C20 windows in original openings; No 10 has 2-light, large-pane, horizontal sliding sashes. All openings have tripartite wedge lintels with raised keyblock. End left and centre stacks. Included for group value. Grade II Listed Building DNY11111 SE 99067 Old Weaver’s Cottage, Main Street, East Post- 1148139 84892 Ayton medieval House. Early C18. Coursed sandstone; pantile roof; brick stacks. 3-cell, hearth- passage plan. ll storey, 3-window front. C20 part-glazed door to right of centre. C20 fixed light window with glazing bars at end right; two 2-light horizontal sliding sashes with glazing bars to left. 2- and 3- light small pane horizontal sliding sashes to first floor. All ground floor openings have thin timber lintels. End and centre stacks. Grade II Listed Building

DNY11112 SE 99108 43 Main Street, East Ayton Post- 1148140 84933 Cottage. Late C18 with later alteration. medieval Coursed limestone rubble with brick dressings; pantile roof; brick stacks, one rebuilt. I½ storey, 2- window front. Left of centre board door with flat arch flanked by 2-light large pane horizontal sliding sashes. Two similar windows to first floor. Ground floor windows have thin timber lintels, with brick flat arch to that on left. Rear: single storey outshut with catslide roof. Grade II Listed Building DNY11878 SE 98903 Ebenezer Methodist Chapel, Main Street, Modern 1167746 84897 East Ayton Methodist Chapel. 1842 on datestone. Coursed squared sandstone, with sandstone ashlar dressings; slate roof; brick stack. Square on plan. 2- storey, 3- bay front. Ashlar angle pilaster strips, forming quoins on return fronts. Central panelled double doors beneath Gothick- glazed fanlight. Full height Gothick-glazed roundheaded windows with stone sills on either side. All openings have quoined

16 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

surrounds and semicircular archivolts. Rectangular recessed date panel over door. Return fronts: two sashes with margin lights and heavy lintels to ground floor; two round-headed Gothick- glazed sashes with margin lights and archivolts to first floor. Single brick stack pierces hipped roof at rear. Grade II Listed Building DNY12618 SE 98770 High Mill, Mill Lane, West Ayton Post- 1296718 84903 Watermill. c1800 with earlier origins. medieval Coursed rubble sandstone, with hammered stone dressings; slate roof. 3- storey, 3-window central block flanked by 2-storey pent wings, with further (rebuilt) single storey lean-to to-left. Irregular quoins. Central board stable door beneath divided overlight to 3-storey block. Wide cart opening with heavy timber lintel to wing on left and similar opening to lean- to. Wing to right originally housed the undershot mill wheel. Pivoting windows throughout, some replacements and some retaining original iron glazing bars. All openings have heavy lintels and quoined jambs. The central second floor opening is blocked by a recessed panel carved with the Hewlay arms. Coped gables and end left stack. Interior: cast iron fluted columns with caps and bases support floor beams to all upper floors. Iron brackets survive as strengthening members to the roof trusses. Grade II Listed Building DNY12622 SE 99106 3 (Church Farmhouse) Main Street, East Post- 1296730 84904 Ayton medieval House. Late C18 with later alteration. Herringbone-tooled sandstone to front, rubble to gable end; C20 pantile roof; brick stacks. Central staircase plan, 1 1/2 rooms deep with rear service wing. 2- storey, 3-window front. Central 4-panel door with overlight. 4-pane sashes with stone sills throughout. All openings have tripartite lintels with raised keyblocks, broken by inserted windows. End stacks. Grade II Listed Building DNY12626 SE 98948 12 Castlegate, East Ayton Post- 1296767 84951 House. Late C17 with later alteration and medieval extension. Originally cruck- framed

17 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

encased in limestone rubble, now replaced by rendered blocks to front; pantile roof; rebuilt brick stacks. 2-cell, end-passage plan; rear outshut added. 1 1/2-storey front. End left C20 glazed door. 3-light casement with glazing bars to right and 2-light, small-pane, horizontal sliding sash at end right. Small rectangular fixed light window to first floor over door; two 2-light, small pane, horizontal sliding sashes to right. Coped gables and shaped kneeler at left. Centre left and end right stacks. Interior: one pair of full crucks remains between the two rooms. Timber studding survives in the partition wall subdividing the ground floor inner room, and in the walling between the two upper rooms. Chamfered beams throughout the ground floor. Hearthbeam to outer room and brick firehood to first floor room above. A 'set-pot' survives in the passage wall behind the hearth. Spice cupboard with drawer to left of the hearth. Grade II Listed Building DNY13001 SE 99117 Village Pound, Carr Lane, East Ayton Post- 1316470 84854 Village pound. Probably C18, upper course medieval rebuilt c1980. Limestone rubble. Square enclosure with one rounded corner formed by wall approximately 1.5 metres high. Grade II Listed Building DNY13002 SE 99026 34 Castlegate, East Ayton Post- 1316471 85073 House. Late C18 with later alteration. medieval Coursed rubble, whitewashed; pantile roof; brick stacks. Central stairhall plan, 2 rooms deep. 2- storey, 3-window front. Off-centre, half-glazed C20 door approached by stone steps. 4-pane sashes throughout. All openings have tripartite keyed lintels. Coped gables and shaped kneelers. End stacks. Grade II Listed Building

7.2.3 There are two Non-designated Heritage Assets within the Proposed Development Area (Table 5; Fig. 5 & 6); aerial photographic anomalies

of ditched enclosures. These Non-designated Heritage are assessed as of Medium sensitivity and local to regional significance. The Proposed

18 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

Development could destroy or substantially compromised these

archaeological features. Archaeological evaluation is suggested to assess/record the extent, date, significance and importance of these

cropmarks, and to provide a suitable mitigation strategy for the impact of the proposed development.

Table 5: Non-designated Heritage Assets within the Proposed Development Area.

HER Ref. Grid Ref. Description Period MNY5611 SE 9963 Aerial Photographic Cropmarks of a Ditched Undated 8520 Enclosure. Comprising two short lengths of ditch which may represent an enclosure. MNY16470 SE 996 852 Aerial Photographic Cropmarks of an Enclosure Undated

7.2.4 The Historic Landscape Characterisation describes the Proposed

Development Area as Modern Improved Fields, which has been assessed as of negligible historical significance or sensitivity (HER Ref.

HNY10246).

7.2.5 Within one kilometre of the Proposed Development Area there are seventeen Non-designated Heritage Assets noted on the North

Yorkshire HER (Table 6; Figs. 5, 6 & 7). These Heritage Assets include twelve monuments and five events, which range in date from the

Medieval to the Modern Period. Non-designated Heritage Assets are assessed as of Medium sensitivity. The Proposed Development is

assessed as having a neutral impact on the setting and significance of these Heritage Assets.

Table 6: Non-designated Heritage Assets within one kilometre of the Proposed Development Area.

HER Ref. Grid Ref. Description Period MNY5612 SE 9955 Aerial Photographic Cropmark in East Undated

19 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

8504 Ayton MNY5613 SE 9902 Village of East Ayton Medieval to 8489 Medieval to Modern Settlement Modern The 1301 Lay Subsidy recorded 35 households taxed in ‘Aton’. MNY9537 TA 002 853 Aerial Photographic Cropmark of a Undated Trackway in East Ayton MNY12595 TA 0005 Earthwork: Extant Ridge and Furrow in Medieval/ 8492 East Ayton. Post- (Condition Good in 1958) medieval MNY12596 TA 004 846 Earthwork: Extant Ridge and Furrow in Medieval/ Irton. Post- (Condition Good in 1958) medieval MNY12600 TA 0007 Find: Palaeolithic Hand Axe found at Sykes Prehisitoric 8447 Plantation MNY16471 SE 995 851 Aerial Photographic Cropmark: Enclosure Undated at East Ayton MNY23665 SE 9995 Medieval Coins found at Betton Farm, East Medieval 8540 Ayton MNY31175 SE 99 84 East Ayton 4012 – Parish Record Medieval to Documentary Sources (Medieval to Modern Modern) MNY31187 TA 00 84 Irton 4011 – Parish Record Medieval to Documentary Sources (Medieval to Modern Modern) MNY32367 SE 08 89 Wensley 1088 – Parish Record Medieval to Documentary Sources (Medieval to Modern Modern) MNY36499 SE 993 851 Milepost on north side of Racecourse Modern Road, East Ayton ENY3237 SE 71800 East Yorkshire Mesolithic Project Heritage 94374 (Desk Based) Assessment Tees Archaeology 2006 ENY7600 SE 995 851 Land to the south of Racecourse Road, Scarborough: Heritage (Desk Based Assessment) L S Archaeology 2015 ENY7666 SE 987 850 West Ayton Castle, West Ayton. Archaeological Recording of Historic Building Repair and Archaeological Watching Brief John Buglass Archaeological Services 2015 ENY6909 SE 987 850 Archaeological Investigations (Trial Trench) at Ayton Castle, West Ayton Scarborough Archaeological & Historical Society in 2013 Two trenches were excavated measuring 4 x 2m in the northern and southern chambers of the basement. A third trench 1.5 x 1m was excavated to test the foundations of the main wall in the eastern side of the northern chamber.

20 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

ENY3259 SE 99135 Archaeological Watching Brief Report, The 84950 Church of St John The Baptist, Main Street, East Ayton MAP 2016

7.3 Prehistoric/Undated Heritage Assets

7.3.1 There are two undated Non-designated Heritage Assets within the Proposed Development Area, both are Aerial Photographic Cropmarks

of an enclosure (HER Refs. MNY5611 & MNY16470; NMR Ref. 1083939). These Undesignated Heritage Assets are of Medium Sensitivity and

Local to Regional Significance.

7.3.2 Within one kilometre of the Proposed Development there is a Prehistoric Designated Heritage Asset, the Scheduled Bronze Age bowl

barrow (HER Refs. DNY138 & MNY7201). Within one kilometre of the Proposed Development Area were three undated Non-designated

Heritage Assets, all Aerial Photographic Cropmarks (HER Refs.

MNY5612, MNY9537 & MNY16471) and one Prehistoric Non- Designated Heritage Asset, a find of a Palaeolithic axe (HER Ref.

MNY12600).

7.3.3 Recent Archaeological Work on Land immediately to the east of the Proposed Development Area was undertaken in April 2016 (LS

Archaeology Interim Statement) and uncovered Prehistoric ditches, pits

and possible barrow (Planning Ref. 15/022665/OL).

7.4 Roman Heritage Assets

7.4.2 There are no Designated nor Non-designated Heritage Assets dating to the Roman Period within one kilometre of the Proposed Development

Area. Sherds of Roman pottery was found during excavations at Ayton

21 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

Castle between 1958-1961 and during building work in the village in

1966 (www.pastscape.org.uk).

7.5 Anglo-Saxon/Anglo-Scandinavian 7.5.1 There are no Designated or Non-designated Heritage Assets dating to

the Anglo-Saxon or Anglo-Scandinavian periods from within the Proposed Development Area. The villages of East Ayton and Irton both

have a pre-Conquest foundation.

7.6 Medieval 7.6.1 There are no Designated nor Non-Designated Heritage Assets dating to

the Medieval Period within the Proposed Development Area.

7.6.2 There are three Designated Heritage Assets dating to the Medieval Period with one kilometer of the Proposed Development Area. These

assets include West Ayton Conservation Area (HER Ref. DNY1022),

Ayton Castle (a Scheduled Monument and Grade I Listed Building; HER

Refs. DNY1264 & DNY 11119), St. John the Baptist Parish Church (a Grade II* Listed Building; HER Ref. DNY11108). The Church dates from

the twelfth century and Ayton Castle dated from the fourteenth century. These Designated Heritage Assets are assessed as of high

sensitivity. The Proposed Development will have a neutral impact on the setting and significance of these Heritage Assets, as they are

screened from the Proposed Development by existing development, hedgerows and trees.

7.6.3 There are seven Non-designated Heritage Assets dating to the

Medieval Period within one kilometer of the Proposed Development Area, which include the parish and settlement for East Ayton (HER Refs.

22 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

MNY5613 & MNY31175), the parish records for Irton and Wensley (HER

Refs. MNY31187 & MNY32367), medieval coins (HER Ref. MNY23665) and ridge and furrow earthworks (HER Refs. MNY12595 & MNY12596).

These Non-designated Heritage Assets are assessed as Medium sensitivity.

7.6.4 Recent Archaeological work undertaken at Ayton Castle and at St. John

the Baptist Church (HER Refs. ENY6909, ENY7066 & ENY3259).

7.7 Post-medieval to Modern 7.7.1 There Historic Landscape Characterisation describes the Proposed

Development Area as Modern Improved Fields, formerly planned enclosure (HER Ref. HNY10246)

7.7.2 There are eleven Designated Heritage Assets located within one

kilometre of the Proposed Development Area dating between the

sixteenth and twenty-first century. The Proposed Development Area is

located outside of the West Ayton Conservation Areas, a Designated Heritage Asset (HER Ref. DNY1022). The Conservation Areas is located

around the historic medieval and post-medieval village cores for East and West Ayton. There are ten Grade II Listed Buildings (Designated

Heritage Assets) dating to Post-medieval period in East Ayton (HER Refs. DNY11108, DNY11110, DNY11111, DNY11112, DNY11878,

DNY12618, DNY12622, DNY12626, DNY13001 and DNY13002). All these Designated Heritage Assets are screened by existing properties,

hedgerows and trees from the Proposed Development Area. These Designated Heritage Assets are assessed as of High sensitivity. The

Proposed Development will have a neutral impact on the setting and significance of these Heritage Assets.

23 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

7.8 Potential for Archaeology with the Proposed Development Area

7.8.1 The potential for archaeological deposits within the proposed development area is assessed as moderate and of local to regional

significance. The Proposed Development Area lies within an area with Aerial Photographic Cropmarks.

7.9 Cartographic Evidence

7.9.1 The First Edition Ordnance Survey Map depicted the Proposed Development Area as part of two enclosed fields (Fig. 8), both part of

Low Field. The 1958 Edition Ordnance Survey Map also depicted the Proposed Development Area as part of two fields. The internal field

boundaries had been removed by 1977, and there had been development to the north of Racecourse Road and to the east of Ayton

Village.

8. Setting of the Heritage Assets 8.1 The English Heritage Guidance on the Setting of Historical Assets states that “The heritage significance of places derives not only from their

physical presence, but also from … their relationship with their surroundings, particularly their setting” (English Heritage 2011, 5) and

“its associations with other places, events, people or artistic

representations” (ibid, 6).

8.2 There are no World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Monuments, Conservation Areas, Registered Battlefields, Registered Parks and

Gardens or Listed Buildings within the Proposed Development Area.

8.3 There are fifteen Designated Heritage Assets within one kilometre of the Proposed Development Area including the West Ayton

24 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

Conservation Area, two Scheduled Monuments, one Grade I Listed

Building, one Grade II Listed Building and ten Grade II Listed Buildings. The Proposed Development would have a neutral impact on the setting

and significance of these Designated Heritage Assets, as the setting and significance will not be impacted upon, as these Heritage Assets

are screened from the Development Area by the existing buildings and mature trees and hedgerows.

9. Impact of Development

9.1 The construction and operation phases of the development, without appropriate mitigation, could destroy any surviving subsurface

archaeology.

10. Conclusions 10.1 The results of the Heritage Assessment have shown there are no nationally important archaeological remains are located on the site to

prevent development. The Proposed Development Area could have

archaeological deposits within the boundaries of the site, as suggested by the Aerial Photographic Cropmarks. The date, depth and extent of

any archaeological features and deposits are not known.

10.2 A Programme of Archaeological Evaluation by Geophysical Survey and Trial Trenching is recommended be undertaken to assess the nature,

date, survival and extent archaeological deposits and to provide a suitable mitigation strategy.

25 Land at Racecourse Road, East Ayton Heritage and Archaeology Desk Based Assessment

11. References and Bibliography

11.1 Primary Sources National Monument Register (www.heritage-gateway.org.uk) North Yorkshire County Council Historic Environment Record

1854 First Edition Ordnance Survey Map. Scale 6 inches to 1 mile www.old-maps.co.uk

11.2 Secondary Sources

Faull, M. and Stinson, M. 1986 The Domesday Book: Yorkshire. Parts One and Two. Phillimore.

CIfA 2014 Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk Based Assessments. (Chartered Institute of Field Archaeologists).

Mackey, D. et al 1984 Soils of England and Wales. Sheet 1. Northern England. Soils of England and Wales.

Mills, A.D. 1998 Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names (Oxford University Press)

Page, W. 1923 A History of the County of York North Riding: Volume 2, Victoria County History.

Smith, A.D. 1962 Place-names of the North Riding of Yorkshire. (Place-name Society of England and Wales).

12. List of Contributors

Desk Based Assessment by Kelly Hunter

Drawings and Plates by Kelly Hunter Site Walkover by Paula Ware

Administration, filing, copying and binding by Sophie Coy

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 N

TITLE:DesignatedHeritageAsset:WestAyton ConservationArea.

SITE:LandatRacecourseRoad,EastAyton FIGURE:3. Scale:1:10,000

CLIENT:PaulWalker DRAWNBY:KCH

34

Plate 1. Proposed Development Area. Facing South-west.

Plate 2. Proposed Development Area. Facing North.

35

Plate 3. Proposed Development Area. Facing South

36