The Tomb Builders: Wales 4000 – 3000 Bc Yr Adeiladwyr Beddrodau: Cymru 4000 – 3000 Cc

THE TOMB BUILDERS: WALES 4000 – 3000 BC YR ADEILADWYR BEDDRODAU: CYMRU 4000 – 3000 CC

The Tomb Builders in Wales Yr Adeiladwyr Beddrodau yng Nghymru Acknowledgements Cydnabyddiaeth

Between 4000 and 3000 BC, people set to work building Rhwng 4000 a 3000 CC, aeth pobl ati i adeiladu beddrodau The Tomb Builders: Wales 4000–3000 BC has been developed Datblygwyd Yr Adeiladwyr Beddrodau: Cymru 4000–3000 CC ar massive stone tombs. These are the earliest monuments to carreg enfawr. Y rhain yw’r henebion cynharaf i oroesi yn y jointly by Wrexham County Borough Museum and the y cyd rhwng Amgueddfa Bwrdeistref Sirol Wrecsam ac Adran survive in this country. wlad yma. Department of Archaeology & Numismatics, Amgueddfa Cymru Archeoleg a Niwmismateg, Amgueddfa Cymru. ~ National Museum Wales. And these people were not just tomb builders: they were the Ac nid adeiladwyr beddrodau’n unig oedd y bobl hyn: Derbyniodd Amgueddfa Bwrdeistref Sirol Wrecsam grantiau o’r first farmers, the first to adopt an international art style, the hwy oedd yr amaethwyr cyntaf, y cyntaf i fabwysiadu arddull Wrexham County Borough Museum has previously received blaen fel rhan o Gyfoeth Cymru Gyfan, dan nawdd Llywodraeth first potters, and Wales’ first settled inhabitants. gelfyddydol ryngwladol, y crochenwyr cyntaf, a thrigolion grants as part of Cyfoeth Cymru Gyfan ~ Sharing Treasures, Cynulliad Cymru ac a weinyddir gan CyMAL: Amgueddfeydd, sefydlog cyntaf Cymru. which is funded by the Welsh Assembly Government and Archifau a Llyfrgelloedd Cymru. Trwy’r gefnogaeth hon bu Please note: The Afterlife Zone contains displays of human administered by CyMAL: Museum, Archives and Libraries modd arddangos eitemau o’r casgliadau cenedlaethol yn yr remains found when archaeologists excavated the tombs. Sylwch: Mae Parth y Bywyd a Ddaw yn cynnwys Wales. This support has allowed items from the national arddangosfa hon ar y cyd. arddangosfeydd o weddillion dynol a gafwyd pan fu collections to be displayed in this partnership exhibition. archeolegwyr yn cloddio’r beddrodau. Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru sy’n cyllido Amgueddfa Cymru. Amgueddfa Cymru is funded by the Welsh Assembly Government.

Tinkinswood in Glamorgan. A Cotswold-Severn tomb excavated in Dyffryn Ardudwy in Gwynedd. The first tomb to be built at this site was 1914. The finding of bones within its chamber proved conclusively that a portal dolmen. You can see it behind the massive burial chamber that these sites were burial places and not druids’ altars as had been argued was built later. previously. Dyffryn Ardudwy yng Ngwynedd. Cromlech borth oedd y beddrod cyntaf Llech y Filiast ym Morgannwg. Beddrod Cotswold-Hafren a gloddiwyd i’w adeiladu ar y safle hwn. Gallwch ei weld tu ôl i’r gladdgell enfawr a yn 1914. Darganfod esgyrn yn ei gell brofodd yn derfynol mai mannau adeiladwyd yn ddiweddarach. claddu oedd y safleoedd hyn yn hytrach nag allorau derwyddon fel y dadleuwyd cyn hynny. © Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Cymru ~ National Museum of Wales (Kevin Thomas)

Capel Garmon near Llanrwst. The shape of this tomb is very similar to Pant y Saer on Anglesey. This tomb was reused over a thousand years that of tombs in the Cotswolds. after the chamber was first built.

Capel Garmon ger Llanrwst. Mae ffurf y beddrod hwn yn debyg iawn i Pant y Saer ar Ynys Môn. Ailddefnyddiwyd y beddrod hwn dros fil o feddrodau bryniau Cotswold. flynyddoedd ar ôl adeiladu’r gell gyntaf.

Trefignath on Anglesey. This tomb was built in stages, Carreg Coetan Arthur in Pembrokeshire. This tomb was built with new chambers being added behind the old. around 3500 BC.

Trefignath ar Ynys Môn. Adeiladwyd y beddrod hwn gam wrth gam, Carreg Coetan Arthur yn Sir Benfro. Adeiladwyd y beddrod hwn gyda chelloedd newydd yn cael eu hychwanegu tu ôl i’r hen rai. o gwmpas 3500 CC.

Lligwy on Anglesey. This tomb has an underground chamber St Lythans in Glamorgan. Mega means great and lith means stone. which can still be visited. Another name for these tombs is ‘cromlech’, a Welsh word meaning crooked or curved stone. Lligwy ar Ynys Môn. Mae cell danddaearol yn y beddrod hwn y mae modd mynd iddi. Pentre Ifan in Pembrokeshire. One of Wales’s most iconic tombs. Llwyneliddon ym Morgannwg. Ystyr ‘mega’ yw mawr a ‘lith’ yw carreg. Pentre Ifan yn Sir Benfro. Un o feddrodau mwyaf eiconig Cymru. Enw arall am y beddrodau hyn yw ‘cromlech’, gair Cymraeg yn golygu © Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Cymru ~ National Museum of Wales (Kevin Thomas) carreg gam neu grom. © Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Cymru ~ National Museum of Wales (Kevin Thomas) © Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Cymru ~ National Museum of Wales (Kevin Thomas)

The tomb builders lived in Wales between 4000 and 3000 BC. How many years ago is that?

Roedd yr adeiladwyr beddrodau’n byw yng Nghymru rhwng 4000 a 3000 CC. Faint o flynyddoedd yn ôl yw hynny?