Cyberjaya CO 2 Baseline Data Report FINAL REPORT Low Carbon City Action Plan for Cyberjaya CO 2 Baseline Data Report
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FINAL REPORT Low Carbon City Action Plan for Cyberjaya CO 2 Baseline Data Report FINAL REPORT Low Carbon City Action Plan for Cyberjaya CO 2 Baseline Data Report © Copyright Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA), 2011. All Rights Reserved Prepared for Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA) This document has been prepared with input from range of organisations and agencies. Content may not be reproduced, downloaded, disseminated, published or transferred in any form or by any means, except with the explicit, prior authorization in writing. Any use of information in this document should be accompanied by an acknowledgement of Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA) as the source. Prepared by: Malaysian Institute of Planners (MIP) Noraida Saludin Mazrina Abd Khalid Norliza Hashim Khairiah Mohd Talha Ana Kashfi Muhamad PM. Dr. Faridah Shafii BK Sinha Maizatul Munirah Abd Rahman In association with: Malaysian Green Technology Corporation (MGTC) Cyberview Sdn. Bhd. Sepang Municipal Council (MP Sepang) Setia Haruman Sdn. Bhd. Multimedia Development Corporation (MDeC) Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor Sdn. Bhd. (SYABAS) Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Megajana Sdn. Bhd. CONTENTS Executive Summary i Introduction 1-1 1.1 Goal 1-2 1.2 Objectives 1-2 1.3 Methodologies and Approaches 1-3 1.4 Key Stakeholders 1-6 1.5 Profiling of Cyberjaya 1-8 1.5.1 MSC Malaysia Cybercities/Cybercentres 1-10 1.5.2 Cybercitiesaround the World 1-11 1.6 Cyberjaya Masterplan 1-12 1.6.1 Cyberjaya Today 1-14 1.6.2 Location and Accessibility 1-16 1.6.3 Surrounding Development 1-18 1.7 Policies and Plans that Related to Cyberjaya 1-21 1.8 Cyberjaya Green Initiatives 1-33 Application of LCCF Sub-Criteria to Baseline 2-1 2.1 LCCF Elements and Sub-Criteria 2-2 2.2 Applicability of LCCF Performance Criteria in Cyberjaya 2-4 Carbon Emission Assessment 3-1 3.1 Carbon Accounting Approach 3-2 3.2 Data Collection 3-3 3.3 Level of Assessments 3-7 3.4 Carbon Emission under Urban Environment (UE) 3-9 3.4.1 Baseline 2011 3-9 3.4.2 BaU 2020 3-9 3.4.3 Low Carbon Strategies (LCS) 2020 3-9 3.4.4 Summary for UE 3-12 CONTENTS 3.5 Carbon Emission under Urban Transportation (UT) 3-13 3.5.1 Assumptions 3-14 3.5.2 Baseline 2011 3-15 3.5.3 BaU 2020 3-15 3.5.4 Low Carbon Strategies (LCS) 2020 3-15 3.5.5 Summary for UT 3-17 3.6 Carbon Emission under Urban Infrastructure (UI) 3-17 3.6.1 Assumptions 3-18 3.6.2 Baseline 2011 3-18 3.6.3 BaU 2020 3-19 3.6.4 Low Carbon Strategies (LCS) 2020 3-19 3.6.5 Summary for UI 3-20 3.7 Carbon Emission under Building (B) 3-20 3.7.1 Baseline 2011 3-20 3.7.2 BaU 2020 3-21 3.7.3 Low Carbon Strategies (LCS) 2020 3-21 3.7.4 Summary for Building (B) 3-23 3.8 Overall Summary 3-24 Conclusion 4-1 4.1 Way Forward 4-2 LIST OF DIAGRAMS Diagram 1.1: Key Stakeholders Involved 1-3 Diagram 1.2: Policies Related to Cyberjaya 1-21 Diagram 1.3: Local Authorities Involved in Greater KL/KV 1-25 Diagram 1.4: iGREETand iGREETJunior 1-35 Diagram 1.5: Bus Shelters with Solar Panels 1-35 Diagram 1.6: Tree Planting in Cyberjaya 1-36 Diagram 1.7: SHELL Gold Certified Building 1-37 Diagram 1.8: Green Kiosk, Green Billboard and Eco-Toilet 1-38 Diagram 1.9: Features in Cyberjaya DTS Buses 1-39 Diagram 2.1: LCCF Performance Criteria Based on Carbon Footprint 2-1 Diagram 2.2: Breakdown of Performance Criteria and Sub-criteria 2-1 Diagram 2.3: UE 1-1 – Development within Urban Footprint 2-5 Diagram 2.4: UE 1-2 –Infill Development 2-6 Diagram 2.5: UE 1-3 – Development within Transit Nodes and 2-7 Corridors Diagram 2.6: UE 1-4 – Brownfield and Greyfield Redevelopment 2-8 Diagram 2.7: UE 1-5 –Hill Slope Development 2-9 Diagram 2.8: UE 2-1 –Mixed-use Development 2-10 Diagram 2.9: UE 2-2 –Compact Development 2-11 Diagram 2.10: UE 2-3 –Road and Parking 2-12 Diagram 2.11: UE 2-4 – Comprehensive Pedestrian Network 2-13 Diagram 2.12: UE 2-5 – Comprehensive Cycling Network 2-14 Diagram 2.13: UE 2-6 – Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect 2-15 Diagram 2.14: UE 3-1 – Preserve Natural Ecology, Water Body and 2-16 Biodiversity Diagram 2.15: UE 3-2 –Green Open Space 2-17 Diagram 2.16: UE 3-3 –Number of Trees 2-18 LIST OF DIAGRAMS Diagram 2.17: UT 1-1 – Single Occupancy Vehicle (SOV) Dependency 2-19 Diagram 2.18: UT 2-1–Public Transport 2-20 Diagram 2.19: UT 2-2 –Walkingand Cycling 2-21 Diagram 2.20: UT 3-1 –Low Carbon Public Transport 2-22 Diagram 2.21: UT 3-2 –Low CarbonPrivate Transport 2-23 Diagram 2.22: UT 4-1 –Vehicle Speed Management 2-24 Diagram 2.23: UT 4-2 – Traffic Congestion and Traffic Flow 2-25 Management Diagram 2.24: UI 1-1 - Land Take for Infrastructure and Utility 2-26 Services Diagram 2.25: UI 1-2–Earthwork Management 2-27 Diagram 2.26: UI 1-3 –Urban Storm Management 2-28 Diagram 2.27: UI 2-1 – Construction and Industrial Waste 2-29 Management Diagram 2.28: UI 2-2 – Household Solid Waste Management 2-30 Diagram 2.29: UI 3-1 – Energy Optimisation 2-31 Diagram2.30: UI 3-2 –Renewable Energy 2-32 Diagram 2.31: UI 3-3 – Site-wide District Cooling System 2-33 Diagram 2.32: UI 4-1 – Efficient Water Management 2-34 Diagram 2.33: B 1-1 –Operational Energy Emissions 2-35 Diagram 2.34: B 1-2 –Operational Water Emissions 2-36 Diagram 2.35: B 1-3 – Emission Abatement Through Retrofitting 2-37 Diagram 2.36: B 1-4–Building Orientation 2-38 Diagram 2.37: B 2-1 – Shared Facilities and Utilities within Building 2-39 Diagram 4.1: Percentage of Baseline 2011 vsBaU2020 4-2 Diagram 4.2: Percentage of Baseline 2011 vs LCS 2020 4-3 Diagram 4.3: A Roadmap Template – Initiative Towards A Low 4-4 Carbon City LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Landuse Breakdown of Cyberjaya According to the 1-12 Masterplan Table 1.2: Development Progress in Cyberjaya as of November2011 1-14 Table 1.3: The AFFIRM Framework 1-22 Table 2.1: LCCF Performance Criteria and Sub-Criteria 2-2 Table 3.1: Input Data 3-4 Table 3.2: GDP for the Interval Years 3-8 Table 3.3: Baseline 2011, BaU 2020 and LCS 2020 for UE 3-10 Table 3.4: Comparisons between Baseline Emission and BaU2020 3-12 Table 3.5: Comparisons between Baseline Emission and LCS 2020 3-12 Table 3.6: Summary for UE 3-12 Table 3.7: Baseline 2011, BaU 2020 and LCS 2020 for UT 3-16 Table 3.8: Comparisons between Baseline 2011 and BaU 2020 3-16 Table 3.9: Summary for UT 3-17 Table 3.10: Baseline 2011, BaU 2020 and LCS 2020 for UI 3-19 Table 3.11: Comparisons between Baseline 2011 and BaU2020 3-20 Table 3.12: Summary for UI 3-20 Table 3.13: Baseline 2011, BaU 2020 and LCS 2020 for Building 3-22 Table 3.14: Comparisons between Baseline 2011 and BaU2020 3-22 Table 3.15: Comparisons between Baseline 2011 and LCS 2020 3-23 Table 3.16: Summary for Building 3-23 Table 3.17: Overall Summary 3-24 Table 3.18: Comparisons of CO 2 Emission for Cyberjaya 3-24 Table 4.1: Summary for Baseline 2011, BaU 2020 and LCS 2020 4-1 (in tCO 2) Table 4.2: Comparisons of Carbon Emission by Percentage 4-2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Working Process and Approaches for Cyberjaya CO 2 1-5 Baseline Study Figure 1.2: Cyberjaya Masterplan 1-13 Figure 1.3: Development Progress in Cyberjaya 1-15 Figure 1.4: Location and Accessibility 1-17 Figure 1.5: Surrounding Development 1-20 Figure 1.6: Cyberjaya’s Position 1-26 Figure 1.7: NKEA Initiatives: Business Opportunities 1 – Putrajaya 1-27 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The United Nations (UN) once defined that Malaysia was already a highly urbanized nation. In the Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2010 report produced by Department of Statistics Malaysia, the total population of Malaysia was 28.3million, of which 71% or almost 20 million were living in urban areas. In reality, Malaysia is continually growing. In the World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision reported by UN stated that Malaysia’s urban population has reached 72.8% in 2011 which is slightly beyond the projected 2020 urban population rate of 70%¹ Why should this be of concern to us? As more and more population move to urban areas or cities, human activities in urban/cities will increase, increasing the demand for energy and water and subsequently producing higher level of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission. Human activities involving in housing, transportation, energy use, etc. are the major contributors of measuring the emission from these various activities which is seen as critical for future actions towards reduction of carbon emission. This Cyberjaya CO 2 Baseline Study aims to obtain baseline data for year 2011 and utilize it to project future carbon emissions in 2020 for the city of Cyberjaya using the framework and assessment tool provided by the Low Carbon Cities Framework and Assessment System (LCCF) developed by the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (KeTTHA).