International Conference on Education Technology and Management Science (ICETMS 2013)

Study of Wangkuai-Xidayang Reservoir Comprehensive Management Project

Changying SHI Lijuan WANG College of Water Conservancy and Electric Power Adult Education College Heilongjiang University University of Engineering ,P.R. ,P.R. China [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—After implementing the comprehensive management recession sluice → Qunihe River → Jiehe River → project of wangkuai-Xidayang reservoir, water supplementing Baicaogou water diversion junction at Fangshun Bridge in Baiyangdian Lake from Wangkuai Reservoir will pass through Shunping County → Baicaogou Valley → the rivers passing the rivers in urban area, providing water for through the urban area of Baoding Municipality (such as environment in Baoding Municipality. It can counteract Xihuandi River, Yimuquan River, Houhe River and Baoding heat-island effect and beautify sight of city, improve quality of dwellers, form a green passage conveying water and play an Municipality moat) → Fuhe River → Baiyangdian Lake. important part in ecological construction in Baoding The routine of South Line is: Weicun Village aqueduct → Municipality. In a word, constructing the comprehensive main canal in Tanghe irrigation → a management project of Wangkuai-Xidayang reservoir is newly-constructed or extended canal → Yimuquan benefit for present and the future, the people and the country, groundwater recharge zone. and is imperative under the situation. The primary task of the project is to form a green channel of refilling water from Wangkuai Reservoir to Baiyangdian Keywords-reservoir; comprehensive management project; Lake, to supply more water to the Baiyangdian Lake, to study reduce the situation of wetland shrinkage in Baiyangdian I. OVERVIEW Lake, to improve the ecological environment in the lake area, and to prevent Baiyangdian Lake from drying up[5]. Other Baiyangdian Lake in Hebei Province is the largest tasks of the project are: to improve the water supply remaining semi-closed freshwater body in the northern part guarantee rate of Xidayang Reservoir, to provide spare water of the PRC [1]. The Lake lies in the middle reaches of the resources for Baoding Municipality and further enhance the Daqinghe River Basin and ultimately discharges into the water supply security of Baoding Municipality, and to Bohai Gulf, Yellow Sea. Much of the upstream catchment 2 reduce effectively the effects of urban heat island, and to totalling 31500 km lies within the 22 counties and urban improve the living quality of the urban residents and improve districts that come under the jurisdiction of Baoding the urban water environment of Baoding Municipality, and Municipality and all of the lake body is located in Anxin and opportunely refill water to the groundwater at Yimuquan Xiong Counties of Baoding[2]. The lake has a surface area of 2 aquifer zone and relieve the problem of worsening 366 km and comprises a series of natural low-lying hydro-geological environment due to the excessive overdraft depressions and reed marshes. While nine rivers and/or of groundwater for a long time[6]. channels flow into Baiyangdian Lake, only two have regular The total length of the water transfer course between but decreasing flows, namely, Fuhe and Juma rivers[3]. Wangkuai Reservoir and Baiyangdian Lake is about 140.0 The Wangkuai-Xidayang Reservoir Connection Project km, while that between Weicun Village aqueduct and passes across several counties and cities such as Quyang Nanwuhou Yimuquan aquifer zone is about 20.75 m. The county, Tangxian county, Shunping county, Baoding general layout map of Wangkuai-Xidayang Reservoir Municipality and Qingyuan county, and refills water from Connection Project is shown in the following figure. Wangkuai Reservoir located in Shahe watershed and Xidayang Reservoir located in Tanghe watershed to Baiyangdian Lake and Yimuquan groundwater water source zone, and the transferred water comes mainly from Wangkuai Reservoir. The water of Wangkuai Reservoir is firstly transferred to Xidayang Reservoir, then flows along the main canal in Tanghe irrigation district, and arrives at the Weicun Village Aqueduct[4]. At Weicun Village aqueduct, the transferred water from Xidayang reservoir is divided into two parts, i.e. South Line and North Line. The routine of South Line is: Weicun Village aqueduct → Weicun Village

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There existing a certain water level is the key measure of improving and maintaining the ecological environment in Baiyangdian Lake[10]. For enhancing the protection of wetland in Baiyangdian Lake and preventing the Lake from drying up and maintaining the normal water level in navigation channel in the Lake, Baiyangdian Lake has been refilled emergently through water conservancy projects for several time in the past over twenty years. However, the possibility of Baiyangdian Lake drying up still exists because the long-term effective mechanism of refilling water to the Lake is deficient.

Figure 1. Scheme Layout Play of Wangkuai-Xidayang Reservoir Comprehensive Management Project.

II. NECESSITY FOR THE PROJECT A．The Present Situation of Baiyangdian Lake Baiyangdian Lake is situated at the triangle centre of , and . It is administrated by five different counties including , , and of Baoding Municipality as well as County in City[7]. Figure 2. Baiyangdian Lake Dagu Water Level ~ Cubage Curve. Baiyangdian Lake, covering an area of 366.0 km2, is composed of 143 small and big lakes and over 3,700 trenches. With a water level of less than 8.8 m, almost 85.6% of the total lake water area is within the administrative scope of Anxin County. Baiyangdian Lake is a semi-closed type shallow plain lake, thus it possesses no multi-year regulating capacity. The water level of Baiyangdian Lake in normal years is about 7.3 ~ 8.5 m. If the water level of Baiyangdian Lake is less than 6.5 m, the corresponding total storage amount of the Lake is less than 52.0 million m3, and the corresponding water surface area is only 70.0 km2, and Baiyangdian Lake is considered as a drying up lake[8]. Baiyangdian Lake is the largest ecological wetland system in North China. In the past decades years, because of the effects of insufficient water source, unstable water level and water quality pollution as well as groundwater Figure 3. Baiyangdian Lake Dagu Water Level ~ Area Curve over-exploitation, etc, Baiyangdian Lake has been subjected to lake drying up and low water level for several times. As a B．The Regional Functions of Baiyangdian Lake result, the polluted water can not be diluted, and the wetland Baiyangdian Lake is the only large perennial-flooded in Baiyangdian Lake begins to degrade and shrink, and the freshwater lake in North China Plain, whose main regional growth condition of hydrophytic plants such as reed is lost. functions are as follows: In addition, large-area reed land becomes wetland meadow, First, maintaining ecological balance and regulating local and then turns into dry grassland. Especially, for water climate. After the long-term development and succession, the drainage or water diversion, ditches and canals and even 16 large lakes in the plain regions in Hebei Province have embankment have been constructed randomly in the totally dried up, while the special geography condition hinterland of wetland in Baiyangdian Lake, which makes Baiyangdian Lake the only large plain lake and accelerates the fragmentation and insularity of wetland, and wetland in North China[11]. Baiyangdian Lake, nicknamed reduces the self-purification ability of wetland greatly, and the kidney of North China, has played an important role in cuts off the natural relationship among wetland plants and maintaining ecological balance in Hebei plains, and in the migration channels of fish species and other aquatic animals living in wetland[9]. As a result, the biologic species protecting biological diversity and rare species resources. diversity of wetland in Baiyangdian Lake and the sustainable The annual mean water surface evaporation is about 1,369.0 mm. The total amount of water surface evaporation and lake development of the local aquaculture industries have been 3 threatened and influenced seriously. water leakage of Baiyangdian Lake is nearly 0.3 billion m ,

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which could play an distinct role in improving the air Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area. The mostly function of 28 locks temperature and humidity of North China and relieving dry and culverts distributing surrounding embankment is climate and protecting groundwater resources. In addition, providing agricultureal water. the effect of Baiyangdian Lake on the improvement of air C．The Existing Problems of Baiyangdian Lake temperature and humidity of Beijing and on the reduction of Because of the influences of insufficient water resources blown sand hazards is significant. and large scale human being economic activities, Second, retaining floods and protecting security of lower Baiyangdian Lake is degrading and shrinking gradually, and reaches. Baiyangdian Lake has been responsible for the lake water area is decreasing, and the water quality is protecting the securities of Tianjin, and Jin-Hu railway, and getting polluted. According to the decision of the on-site people’s lives and properties in the lower reaches for a long conference on pollution control of Baiyangdian Lake, which time. The construction of the large water control projects was held in Baoding Municipality by State Council such as Zaolinzhuang project and Xingaifang project make Environmental Protection Committee in1992, the Baiyangdian Lake a water conservancy basic facility with Comprehensive Pollution Control Plan for Baiyangdian Lake comprehensive function. Flood in Baiyangdian Lake was formulated and promulgated by the People’s discharges from Zaolinzhuang to western wharf controlling Government of Hebei Province. With several years' efforts, gate via new Zhaowang channel through Eastern Lake into the tasks proposed in the Plan have been accomplished the sea flowing across Haihe and Duliujianhe in Tianjin. largely. In November 1998, the Comprehensive Pollution During the extraordinary flood happened in 1963, Control Program for Baiyangdian Lake received State-level Baiyangdian Lake stored and detained 3.8 billions m3 of approval. According to the Program, the water level in flood, which protect the safety of passing through the flood Baiyangdian Lake is 7.6 m, and the lake areas with water period for Tianjin City and Jin-Hu railway. Now, with the qualities of Class III, IV, V, below V respectively accounts acceleration of city construction, economical high-speed for 32%, 32%, 10% and 6%. However, the implementation growth, the expansion of cities, as well as the increase of of the pollution control program has been intermittent; the population density, the important infrastructures such as problems of Baiyangdian Lake such as insufficient water Jing-Jiu railway and Jin-Bao highway and North China oil resources and water pollution have persisted; and the field, make higher demands on the function of flood control environment system of Baiyangdian Lake is still very of Baiyangdian Lake. vulnerable. The existing main problems of Baiyangdian Lake Third, enhancing economic function and developing the are as follows: emerging tourism industry. Baiyangdian Lake is the First, serious scarcity of water resources and grave traditional base of freshwater aquatic products of North situation of drying up of the most rivers flowing into China, and is one of the main supply bases of aquatic Baiyangdian Lake. Baiyangdian Lake is located in the water products of Beijing-Tianjin-Baoding- Area[12]. shortage regions in North China, with mean annual total Because of the special beautiful scene, the famous and local water resources amount of 3.11 billion m3, and per capita special products and the traditional water town culture, water resources volume of less than 300 m3 which accounts Baiyangdian Lake is well-known all over the world and for only 12.5% of that of national mean volume. becomes a famous tourist scenic spot around Beijing. As a Groundwater overexploitation is very serious, with annual result, it has huge potential for developing tourism industry. over-exploited groundwater of 0.4 ~ 0.5 billion m3, and the The stable historical water environment and rich aquatic water level of local groundwater decline with a velocity of biology species make the material civilization and water about 1.0 m/a. As a result, the area of local groundwater town culture of Baiyangdian Lake. The flourish and decline funnel is up to 2,160 km2. At present, only Juma River and of Baiyangdian Lake determined has very significant effect Fu River among the 9 rivers flowing into Baiyangdian Lake on the existence and development of people living in or have a certain amount of water entering Baiyangdian Lake in around Baiyangdian Lake. some seasons every year, while the other rivers belong to Finally, improving irrigation water supply. Baiyangdian seasonal river and remain water cut-off for a long time Lake is the main water source of agricultural and industrial except in flood season. Baiyangdian Lake is a semi-closed water supply of North China Oil Field and its surrounding type shallow plain lake, thus possesses no multi-year area. With the rapid economic and social development of regulating capacity. In addition, the seasonal distribution and North China, North China has entered a period of serious the inter-annual variation of precipitation in the region are water shortage. Most of the cities and towns in North China quite uneven. Abundant water must be abandoned in wet face the same serious problem of water shortage, where the year or flood period every year, while the water inflow of groundwater is over-exploited and water environment Baiyangdian Lake cannot be ensured in dry year. Although becomes worsen and worsen. After the completion of the Baiyangdian Lake has been refilled for several times in middle route of South-North Water Diversion Project, the recent years, the possibility of Baiyangdian Lake drying up functions of water supply and regulation capacities of still exists because the long-term effective mechanism of Baiyangdian Lake will be enhanced, and the lake will refilling water to Baiyangdian Lake is deficient. become the important surface water source of

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Second, worsening water pollution and water eutrophication in Baiyangdian Lake. Among the rivers flowing into Baiyangdian Lake, except for the water of Juma III. CONCLUSION River meet the water quality standard of Class III. Most of To conclude, it is necessary and urgent to construct the the waters with the inflow of Industrial and domestic sewage Wangkuai-Xidayang Reservoir Comprehensive Management in other rivers have a water quality than inferior Class V. In Project for rationally allocating surface water resources and addition, the main pollutants in the mentioned rivers include alleviating the lack of water resources in Baiyangdian Lake, COD, N, P, and other nutrient substances. Because of the and controlling water pollution and ensuring the quality of lack of precipitation runoff supply, some rivers are becoming water resources as well as realizing the sustainable pollutant-loaded rivers, and their ecological functions are utilization of water resources. diminishing. As a result, people’s lives along the rivers have been affected seriously, and the rivers become the main REFERENCES pollution sources of pollution and eutrophication of the [1] Dorigo M, Maniezzo V,Colorni A, The ant system: soptimization by Baiyangdian Lake. In recent years, the water level in a colony of cooperating agents. IEEE Transactions on systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part B, Vol 26, pp.1-13, 1996. Baiyangdian Lake has been fluctuating around the critical [2] Dorigo M, Gambardella L M. Ant colony system: A cooperative level of drying up. As a result, the water quality of learning approach to traveling salesman problem[J]. IEEE Trans Baiyangdian Lake has been worsening. Now, only the water Evolution Computation, Vol 1, pp.53-56, 1997. in the water area occupying about 10% of the total lake area [3] SHI Chang-ying,JIAN Xin-ping,LI Li-ying. Co-operation of reach the water quality standard of Class III, while that in the Wangkuai Reservoir and Xidayang Reservoir.Journal of Engineering other water area only meet the water quality standard of of Heilongjiang University, Vol 3, pp.7-10, 2012 (In Chinese). Class V and even inferior Class V. The main pollutants in [4] YUAN Jun-peng,YUAN Ji-dong,SHI Chang-ying. Study on Wangkuai-Xidayang Reservoirs of Inter-basin Water Transfer. Baiyangdian Lake consist of COD, total phosphorus and South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & total nitrogen, etc. And most of the water bodies in Technology, Vol 5, pp.151-153, 2007 (In Chinese). Baiyangdian Lake have been eutrophicated. [5] JIAN Xin-ping. Study on the Connection of Wangkuai Reservoir and Finally, decline of ecological function and the frangible Xidayang Reservoir Based on System Dynamics[D]. Hebei 2009 ecological system of Baiyangdian Lake. Baiyangdian Lake is University of Engineering, [6] YUAN Jun-peng. Control and Decision, Vol 19, pp.1321-1326,1340, a sort of natural resource, which was formed in the long 2004 (In Chinese). course of natural and historical evolution, possesses the [7] Zongyong Zhang,Jing Sun,Jiahua Tan, Application of the Improved characteristics including naturalness, uniqueness, typicalness, Ant Colony Algorithm. Journal of Jiaotong University, Vol ecological fragility, etc. In the past decades years, because of 33, pp.1564-1567, 2002 (In Chinese). insufficient water source, unstable water level, water quality [8] Zhihan Wu, Experimental Method to Optimize Ant Colony System pollution, over-exploitation, etc, the aquatic organism have Parameters. Computer & Digital Engineering, Vol 35, pp.49-51, 2007 (In Chinese). been destroyed fatally for several times, as a result, the [9] Yi Zhang,Yanchun Liang, Research of optimal selection on ecological system of Baiyangdian Lake has been more and parameters of ant colony algorithm. Application Research of more fragile; and the ecological function of the lake has been Computers, Vol 24, pp.70-71,83, 2007 (In Chinese). degraded gradually. In addition, the living environment of [10] Yaping Tu,Ping Liu,Baoling Xie, Improvement for Parameters of Ant wild animals in Baiyangdian Lake has also been worsening. Algorithm. Journal of Chinese Computer Systems, Vol 28, Because the changes of ecological environment factors such pp.1985-1987, 2007 (In Chinese). [11] Lingyan Jiang,Jun Zhang,Shunhong Zhong, Analysis of parameters in as water quality and quantity, lead to the change of the ant colony system. Computer Engineering and Applications, Vol 43, species population structure, the natural fish resources in pp.31-36, 2007 (In Chinese). Baiyangdian Lake have been destroyed fatally, and a lot of [12] Zhiwei Ye,Zhaobao Zheng, Configuration of Parameters α,β,ρ in Ant valuable fish species have become extinct, and the existing Algorithm, Editorial Board of Geomatics and Information Science of fish species have become smaller. University, Vol 29, pp.597-601, 2004 (In Chinese).

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