International Conference on Education Technology and Management Science (ICETMS 2013) Study of Wangkuai-Xidayang Reservoir Comprehensive Management Project Changying SHI Lijuan WANG College of Water Conservancy and Electric Power Adult Education College Heilongjiang University Hebei University of Engineering Harbin,P.R. China Handan,P.R. China [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—After implementing the comprehensive management recession sluice → Qunihe River → Jiehe River → project of wangkuai-Xidayang reservoir, water supplementing Baicaogou water diversion junction at Fangshun Bridge in Baiyangdian Lake from Wangkuai Reservoir will pass through Shunping County → Baicaogou Valley → the rivers passing the rivers in Baoding urban area, providing water for through the urban area of Baoding Municipality (such as environment in Baoding Municipality. It can counteract Xihuandi River, Yimuquan River, Houhe River and Baoding heat-island effect and beautify sight of city, improve quality of dwellers, form a green passage conveying water and play an Municipality moat) → Fuhe River → Baiyangdian Lake. important part in ecological construction in Baoding The routine of South Line is: Weicun Village aqueduct → Municipality. In a word, constructing the comprehensive main canal in Tanghe irrigation district → a management project of Wangkuai-Xidayang reservoir is newly-constructed or extended canal → Yimuquan benefit for present and the future, the people and the country, groundwater recharge zone. and is imperative under the situation. The primary task of the project is to form a green channel of refilling water from Wangkuai Reservoir to Baiyangdian Keywords-reservoir; comprehensive management project; Lake, to supply more water to the Baiyangdian Lake, to study reduce the situation of wetland shrinkage in Baiyangdian I. OVERVIEW Lake, to improve the ecological environment in the lake area, and to prevent Baiyangdian Lake from drying up[5]. Other Baiyangdian Lake in Hebei Province is the largest tasks of the project are: to improve the water supply remaining semi-closed freshwater body in the northern part guarantee rate of Xidayang Reservoir, to provide spare water of the PRC [1]. The Lake lies in the middle reaches of the resources for Baoding Municipality and further enhance the Daqinghe River Basin and ultimately discharges into the water supply security of Baoding Municipality, and to Bohai Gulf, Yellow Sea. Much of the upstream catchment 2 reduce effectively the effects of urban heat island, and to totalling 31500 km lies within the 22 counties and urban improve the living quality of the urban residents and improve districts that come under the jurisdiction of Baoding the urban water environment of Baoding Municipality, and Municipality and all of the lake body is located in Anxin and opportunely refill water to the groundwater at Yimuquan Xiong Counties of Baoding[2]. The lake has a surface area of 2 aquifer zone and relieve the problem of worsening 366 km and comprises a series of natural low-lying hydro-geological environment due to the excessive overdraft depressions and reed marshes. While nine rivers and/or of groundwater for a long time[6]. channels flow into Baiyangdian Lake, only two have regular The total length of the water transfer course between but decreasing flows, namely, Fuhe and Juma rivers[3]. Wangkuai Reservoir and Baiyangdian Lake is about 140.0 The Wangkuai-Xidayang Reservoir Connection Project km, while that between Weicun Village aqueduct and passes across several counties and cities such as Quyang Nanwuhou Yimuquan aquifer zone is about 20.75 m. The county, Tangxian county, Shunping county, Baoding general layout map of Wangkuai-Xidayang Reservoir Municipality and Qingyuan county, and refills water from Connection Project is shown in the following figure. Wangkuai Reservoir located in Shahe watershed and Xidayang Reservoir located in Tanghe watershed to Baiyangdian Lake and Yimuquan groundwater water source zone, and the transferred water comes mainly from Wangkuai Reservoir. The water of Wangkuai Reservoir is firstly transferred to Xidayang Reservoir, then flows along the main canal in Tanghe irrigation district, and arrives at the Weicun Village Aqueduct[4]. At Weicun Village aqueduct, the transferred water from Xidayang reservoir is divided into two parts, i.e. South Line and North Line. The routine of South Line is: Weicun Village aqueduct → Weicun Village © 2013. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 850 There existing a certain water level is the key measure of improving and maintaining the ecological environment in Baiyangdian Lake[10]. For enhancing the protection of wetland in Baiyangdian Lake and preventing the Lake from drying up and maintaining the normal water level in navigation channel in the Lake, Baiyangdian Lake has been refilled emergently through water conservancy projects for several time in the past over twenty years. However, the possibility of Baiyangdian Lake drying up still exists because the long-term effective mechanism of refilling water to the Lake is deficient. Figure 1. Scheme Layout Play of Wangkuai-Xidayang Reservoir Comprehensive Management Project. II. NECESSITY FOR THE PROJECT A．The Present Situation of Baiyangdian Lake Baiyangdian Lake is situated at the triangle centre of Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang. It is administrated by five different counties including Anxin County, Rongcheng County, Xiong County and Gaoyang County of Baoding Municipality as well as Renqiu County in Cangzhou City[7]. Figure 2. Baiyangdian Lake Dagu Water Level ~ Cubage Curve. Baiyangdian Lake, covering an area of 366.0 km2, is composed of 143 small and big lakes and over 3,700 trenches. With a water level of less than 8.8 m, almost 85.6% of the total lake water area is within the administrative scope of Anxin County. Baiyangdian Lake is a semi-closed type shallow plain lake, thus it possesses no multi-year regulating capacity. The water level of Baiyangdian Lake in normal years is about 7.3 ~ 8.5 m. If the water level of Baiyangdian Lake is less than 6.5 m, the corresponding total storage amount of the Lake is less than 52.0 million m3, and the corresponding water surface area is only 70.0 km2, and Baiyangdian Lake is considered as a drying up lake[8]. Baiyangdian Lake is the largest ecological wetland system in North China. In the past decades years, because of the effects of insufficient water source, unstable water level and water quality pollution as well as groundwater Figure 3. Baiyangdian Lake Dagu Water Level ~ Area Curve over-exploitation, etc, Baiyangdian Lake has been subjected to lake drying up and low water level for several times. As a B．The Regional Functions of Baiyangdian Lake result, the polluted water can not be diluted, and the wetland Baiyangdian Lake is the only large perennial-flooded in Baiyangdian Lake begins to degrade and shrink, and the freshwater lake in North China Plain, whose main regional growth condition of hydrophytic plants such as reed is lost. functions are as follows: In addition, large-area reed land becomes wetland meadow, First, maintaining ecological balance and regulating local and then turns into dry grassland. Especially, for water climate. After the long-term development and succession, the drainage or water diversion, ditches and canals and even 16 large lakes in the plain regions in Hebei Province have embankment have been constructed randomly in the totally dried up, while the special geography condition hinterland of wetland in Baiyangdian Lake, which makes Baiyangdian Lake the only large plain lake and accelerates the fragmentation and insularity of wetland, and wetland in North China[11]. Baiyangdian Lake, nicknamed reduces the self-purification ability of wetland greatly, and the kidney of North China, has played an important role in cuts off the natural relationship among wetland plants and maintaining ecological balance in Hebei plains, and in the migration channels of fish species and other aquatic animals living in wetland[9]. As a result, the biologic species protecting biological diversity and rare species resources. diversity of wetland in Baiyangdian Lake and the sustainable The annual mean water surface evaporation is about 1,369.0 mm. The total amount of water surface evaporation and lake development of the local aquaculture industries have been 3 threatened and influenced seriously. water leakage of Baiyangdian Lake is nearly 0.3 billion m , 851 which could play an distinct role in improving the air Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area. The mostly function of 28 locks temperature and humidity of North China and relieving dry and culverts distributing surrounding embankment is climate and protecting groundwater resources. In addition, providing agricultureal water. the effect of Baiyangdian Lake on the improvement of air C．The Existing Problems of Baiyangdian Lake temperature and humidity of Beijing and on the reduction of Because of the influences of insufficient water resources blown sand hazards is significant. and large scale human being economic activities, Second, retaining floods and protecting security of lower Baiyangdian Lake is degrading and shrinking gradually, and reaches. Baiyangdian Lake has been responsible for the lake water area is decreasing, and the water quality is protecting the securities of Tianjin, and Jin-Hu railway, and getting polluted. According to the decision of the on-site people’s lives and properties in the lower reaches for a long conference on pollution control of Baiyangdian Lake,