ixD

(Myanmar) rubies and Kashmir gin) and notes of estimates (before portant and debatable items. In are illustrated in colour and thus Index nd of important stones. Long runs , but they should be completed by of where items are withdrawn for ogues are those of:

country, in the USA and in major rland where the most prestigious

Abalone, 597-8 Allochroite, 206 shell,542,553,598 Alluvial deposits, 35, 36, 75, 182, 183, Absorption spectra, 112-13 341,342,408 see also under individual species see also Chapters 5 and 9 and Acrylics, 554 passim Actinolite, 376-7 Almandine see Chapter 11 Adamite, 377 Alpha quartz, 295, 302 Adularescence, 685 Amazon jade, 253, 347 see also Chapter 12 Amber, 637-8, 639-40 Adularia see Chapter 12 clarified,644 Aegirine, 283, 377 composites, 647-8 African Selection Trust Ltd, 80 copal resin as imitation, 646 Agalmatolite, 346 dyeing, 642 Agate, 23 formation, 638-9 see also Chapter 16 glass imitation, 647 AK-1 diamond pipe, 77 heat-treated, 643 Akoya pearls, 572-83 identification, 642 Alabaster, 377-9 imitations, 646 Alabastron, 372 man-made polymers, 646-7 Albee, A.L., 388 properties, 641 Albumen, 554 reconstructed, 645 Alexandrite see Chapter 7 value-enhanced,642 Algal marbles, 368 varieties, 640-1 Algodonite, 379 Amblygonite, 379-80 Alkali feldspars see Chapter 12 Ambroid, 645 Allexite, 521 "American Blue" topaz, 180, 759

861 Index

American Gem Trade Association Ball, v., 73-4 Bragg, Sir L., 41 (AGTA),720 Balzer, R, 311 Brauns, R, 165 Amethyst, 26-7, 301-3 Bamboo coral, 658-9 Brazilianite, 391-2 Amethyst-citrine, 300-1 Bancroft, P., 119, 178, 326 Brecciated agate, 23 Ametrine, 300-1, 507 Barite, 387-8 Breithauptite, 392 Ammolite, 677-8 Barium feldspars see Chapter 12 Bromellite, 528 Ammonites, 368, 677-8 Barnard, A, 72, 91, 472 Bronzite, 392 Amphiboles, 17-19,25 and passim Barot, NoR, 12Q Brookite, 393 Amphibolite, 19-20 Barron, T., 328 Brown, C. Barrington, 118 Analcime, 380 Basalt glass, 358-9 Brown, J. Coggin, 135 Anatase, 380 Bastnasite-(Ce),388 Brucite, 393 Andalusite, 380-2 Bauer, M., 74, 75 Buckingham, Wo, 286 Anderson, B.W., 124 Bayldonite, 388 Burbankite, 393 Andesites, 7 Bayliss, P., xiv Burma Ruby Mines Company, 118, 1~ Andradite see Chapter 11 Bellataire diamond, 102 Burns, R, 325 Anglesite, 382 Bender, EK., 140 Burton, Sir Richard, 75 Anglo American Corporation of Benesch, E, 185 Bustamite, 394 South Africa, 77 Benitoite, 388-90 Anhedral, 47, 414 Beryl see Chapter 6 C3 Inc., 90 Anhydrite, 382 aquamarine, 162-3 Cairncross and Dixon, 78 Anion, 329 cutting, 166 Calcentine, 368 Anorthoclase, 256 dark brown beryl, 166 Calcite, 16-17 Anorthosite, 281 pink beryl (morganite), 164-6 Calderite, 210 Anthony, Bideaux et al., xii and passim Beryllonite, 390 Cameo doublets, 543-4 Anthracite, 674-5 Beus,A.A,150 , 394 Anyolite, 147,469 Biological gem materials, 637-48 Cancrinite, 394 Apache Co., 222 Birds-eye granite, 282 Carat weight, 714-18 Apache tears, 357-8 Bismuth germanate, 528 Carletonite, 395 Apatite, 382-4 Bismuth silicate, 528 Casein, 553-4 Aplite, 230 Bismutotantalite, 390 Cassiterite, 395 Apollo Diamond Inc., 728 Black coral, 654-6 Catapleiite, 395 Apophyllite, 384 Black moonstone, 265 Catelle, w., 141 Aqua aura quartz, 724 Blasdale, w., 388 Cathodoluminescence, 626 Aqua aura topaz, 180, 275 Blue granite, 282 Cat's-eye, 168-70 Arabescato, 364, 367 Blue quartz, 304 Cavansite, 396 Aragonite, 375, 384-5 Bobrievich, A, 83 Celestine, 396 Arandisite, 385 Bois durci, 553 Cellulose acetate, 553 Arem, J.E., 118 Boleite, 390-1 Celsian, 258 Augelite, 385 Bon, C. de, 330 Cementation, 15 Aurichalcite, 385 Boracite, 391 Central Selling Organization, 693 Axinite, 386 Bornite, 391 Ceramics, 549-51 Azurite, 387 Bosshart, Go, 491 Ceruleite, 396 Bournon, Count de, 119 Cerussite, 396-7 Bakelite, 554 Boutan, E., 75 Chalcedony, 306-7 Bala Krishnan, UoR, 158 Bowenite, 391 Chalcopyrite, 397 Balfour, I., 82 Bowersox, G., 141, 331 Chalcosite, 397

862 Index

11, V., 73--4 Bragg, Sir L., 41 Chambersite, 397-8 lzer, R, 311 Brauns, R, 165 Chamerblin, B., 141,331 mboo coral, 658-9 Brazilianite, 391-2 Chang, D., 355 croft, P, 119, 178, 326 Brecciated agate, 23 , 398 arite, 387-8 Breithauptite, 392 Chatham, eE, 509 ium feldspars see Chapter 12 Bromellite, 528 Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) mard, A., 72, 91, 472 Bronzite, 392 diamonds see Diamond rot, N.R., 120 Brookite, 393 .... Chert, 17 rron, T., 328 Brown, C. Barrington, 118 Chibber, H.L., 119 salt glass, 358-9 Brown, J. Coggin, 135 Chilvers, H.A., 77 stnasite-(Ce), 388 Brucite, 393 Chiolite, 398 uer, M., 74,75 Buckingham, w., 286 Chlorastrolite, 398 yldonite, 388 Burbankite, 393 Chondrodite, 399 yliss, P, xiv Burma Ruby Mines Company, 118, 134 , 399 Ilataire diamond, 102 Burns, R., 325 Chrysoberyl, 167-70 nder, EK., 140 Burton, Sir Richard, 75 see also Alexandrite nesch, E, 185 Bustamite, 394 Chrysocolla, 399--400 nitoite, 388-90 Chrysoprase, 307-8 ryl see Chapter 6 C3 Inc., 90 Cibola Co., 211 aquamarine, 162-3 Cairncross and Dixon, 78 Cinnabar, 400 cutting, 166 Calcentine, 368 Citrine, 299-301 dark brown beryl, 166 Calcite, 16-17 Clabaugh, 120 pink beryl (morganite), 164-6 Calderite, 210 Clinohumite, 400 ryllonite, 390 Cameo doublets, 543--4 Clinozoisite, 400 us, A.A., 150 Canasite, 394 Cobaltite, 401 iological gem materials, 637--48 Cancrinite, 394 Coconut pearls, 569-70 irds-eye granite, 282 Carat weight, 714-18 Coenrads, 330 ismuth germanate, 528 Carletonite, 395 Colemanite, 401 ismuth silicate, 528 Casein, 553--4 Commission on New and ismutotantalite, 390 Cassiterite, 395 Names (CNMMN), iv ack coral, 654-6 Catapleiite, 395 Composite gemstones, 531--44 ack moonstone, 265 Catelle, w., 141 cameo and intaglio doublets, 543--4 lasdale, W., 388 Cathodoluminescence, 626 false doublets, 535 ,lue granite, 282 Cat's-eye, 168-70 garnet-topped doublets, 536-8 Ilue quartz, 304 Cavansite, 396 hollow doublets, 535-6 obrievich, A., 83 Celestine, 396 imitation doublets, 536 (jis durci, 553 Cellulose acetate, 553 jadeite triplets, 542-3 bll~ite, 390-1 Celsian, 258 mosaic triplets, 544 on, C. de, 330 Cementation, 15 moss agate doublets, 544 bracite, 391 Central Selling Organization, 693 opal composites, 541-2 omite, 391 Ceramics, 549-51 semi-genuine doublets, 532-5 osshart, G., 491 Ceruleite, 396 soude stones, 538 oumon, Count de, 119 Cerussite, 396-7 star doublets, 543 outan, E., 75 Chalcedony, 306-7 synthetic doublets, 541 owenite, 391 Chalcopyrite, 397 Conch pearls, 568-9 owersox, G., 141,331 Chalcosite, 397 Conflict diamonds, 79

863 Index

Cook, D., 327 Cuprite, 402-3 Russia, 84-5 Copal resin, 646 Cutting styles Sierra Leone, 80-1 Coral, 648-9 brilliant for diamond, 690-1 South Africa, 77-8 bamboo, 658-9 cabochon cuts, 685-6 Tanzania, 81-2 black coral, 654-6 intaglios and cameos, 697-8 Venezuela, 83-4 gold coral, 656-8 modifications, 691 VVest Africa, 81 jewellery, 652 mosaics, 698 VVestem Australia, 76-7 Coralline and algal marbles, 368-9 new diamond cuts, 693 Zaire, 79 Cordierite see Iolite other cuts, 696 Zimbabwe, 78 Core of the Earth, 3-4 rose cut, 686-7 origin of colour, 94-8 Corundum, 479-94 table cut, 688-9 role of boron, 96 Covalent bond, 45 trap cut, 689-90 defects, 96 Covellite, 401 vacancies, 97 Cram, L., 316, 317 Danburite, 403 role of nitrogen, 94-5 Crater glass, 360 Darragh, P., 315 types, 87 Cratons, 14 Datolite, 403-4 Diaspore, 404 Creative Crystals Inc., 520 Davey, 328 Dickinsonite, 404 Creedite, 402 David, T.W., 76 Dietrich, R.Y., 185 , 402 De Beers, 71, 77, 80, 82, 85, 101, 107, Diopside, 404-5 Crust, continental, 5 108, 135,476,479 Doelter, 175 oceanic, 5 Dee~ VV., 176,284,295,314,446,460 Dolomite, 406 Cryolite, 402 Diamond Domeykite-alpha, 406 Crystal lattice, 48 artificial colouration, history, 88 Doublets, 531-44 Crystal systems, 42, 45, 50-6 chemical vapour deposition (CVD), Douthit, T.R., 146 cubic system, 51-2 106-8 Dumortierite, 406-7 hexagonal system, 55-6 colour enhancement, 108-9 Dunham, K., 412 monoclinic system, 53 general surveys and properties, Durangite, 407 orthorhombic system, 52-3 71-85 Dyeing and impregnation, 729 tetragonal system, 52 HPHT diamonds, 102-11 Dyke, 7-8 triclinic system, 54 locations trigonal system, 65 Angola, 79 Earth, structure, 3-5 Crystalline gem materials, 40 Australia, 76-7 Eckel, E.B., 325 internal structure, 41-2 Bolivia, 83 Eckert, A.w., 317, 319 Crystallinity, 43 Botswana, 82-3 Eclogite, 14 occurrence of, 42-5 Brazil,75 Edgeworth, D., 76 study of, 41-2 Canada, 76 Efinov, 331 Crystals, 42, 43 China, 85 Ekanite, 407-8 directional properties, 63-6 Congo, 79 Embrey, P., 328 habit, 58-60 East Africa, 81 Emerald isomorphism, 46-7 Ghana, 79-80 beryl see Chapter 6 pits and growth marks, 61 Guyana, 83 cutting, 162 polymorphism, 60 India, 72-4 deposits shapes of crystals, 47-8 Indonesia, 74-5 Afghanistan, 161 symmetry, 48-50 Lesotho, 82 Australia, 157 twinning, 60-1 Namibia, 78 Austria, 152-3 Cubic zirconia, 524-6 North America, 75-6 Brazil,154-5

864 Index

'te,402-3 Russia, 84-5 Chivor mines, 153-4 g styles Sierra Leone, 80-1 Colombia, 153 liant for diamond, 690-1 South Africa, 77-8 Egypt, 152 abochon cuts, 685--6 Tanzania, 81-2 India, 158 ntaglios and cameos, 697-8 Venezuela, 83-4 Madagascar, 159--60 odifications, 691 West Africa, 81 Mozambique, 160-1 osaics,698 Western Australia, 76-7 Muzo, Cosquez, 154 ew diamond cuts, 693 Zaire, 79 Nigeria, 159 ther cuts, 696 Zimbabwe, 78 North Carolina, 160 ose cut, 686-7 origin of colour, 94-8 Norway, 160 able cut, 688-9 role of boron, 96 Pakistan, 155--6 ap cut, 689-90 defects, 96 Russia, 156-7 vacancies, 97 Sandawana, 157-8 urite,403 role of nitrogen, 94-5 South Africa, 157 agh, P., 315 types, 87 Tanzania, 158-9 lite, 403-4 Diaspore, 404 Zambia, 159 y,328 Dickinsonite, 404 Zimbabwe, 157-8 d, T.W., 76 Dietrich, R.Y., 185 fluorescence, 162 eers, 71, 77, 80, 82, 85, 101, 107, Diopside, 404-5 properties, 151-2 I 108,135,476,479 Doelter, 175 synthetic emeralds, 508-20 ~VV., 176,284,295,314,446,460 Dolomite, 406 types of deposit, 150-1 ond Domeykite-alpha, 406 Emerald Pool Mining Co., 517 'ficial colouration, history, 88 Doublets, 531-44 Emeraldolite, 519 emical vapour deposition (CVD), Douthit, T.R., 146 Emerita, 511 106-8 Dumortierite, 406-7 Emmett, J.L., 146 lour enhancement, 108-9 Dunham, K., 412 Encrinital or crinoidallimestones, neral surveys and properties, Durangite, 407 369-70 71-85 Dyeing and impregnation, 729 Endoscope, 629 HT diamonds, 102-11 Dyke, 7-8 Enstatite, 408 ~ations Eosphorite, 408-9 I Angola, 79 Earth, structure, 3-5 Epidote, 409 i Australia, 76-7 Eckel, E.B., 325 Eschwege, w., 75

I Bolivia, 83 Eckert, A.W., 317,319 Ettringite, 409-10 Botswana, 82-3 Eclogite, 14 Euclase, 410 Brazil, 75 Edgeworth, D., 76 Eudialyte,410 Canada, 76 Efinov, 331 Euhedral, 47 China, 85 Ekanite, 407-8 Euxenite-(Y),410-11 Congo, 79 Embrey; P., 328 East Africa, 81 Emerald Fabulite, 503 Ghana, 79-80 beryl see Chapter 6 False doublets, 535 Guyana, 83 cutting, 162 Faustite,411 India, 72-4 deposits Feldspar group, 238-9 Indonesia, 74-5 Afghanistan, 161 alkali feldspars, 248-57 Lesotho, 82 Australia, 157 barium feldspars, 257-9 Namibia, 78 Austria, 152-3 composition and nomenclature, 239 North America, 75--6 Brazil, 154-5 feldspar gem-bearing rocks, 281-3

865 Index

Feldspar group (Continued) hydrogrossular-vesuvianite Gesner, c., 155 isomorphous replacement, 242-4 mixtures, 217 Gibbs, G.V., 307 optics and density, 245-7 katoite, 216 Gilson, P., 509 ordering effects, 241-2 kimzeyite, 218-19 Glass, 545-7 plagioclase feldspars, 259--{j9 knorringite, 219-20 Gneiss, 18 temperature effects and majorite, 220 Golconda, 73 nomenclature, 240-1 morimotoite, 220-1 Gold coral, 656­ see also Chapter 12 nomenclature, 199-201 Goldie, E, 536 Felsic rocks, 7 pyrope, 221-9 Goldmanite, 211 see also Mafic rocks schorlomite, 229-30 Goodletite, 414 Fernando, L., 119 spessartine, 230-3 Grandidierite, 4 Fersman, A., 85, 156, 179 uvarovite, 234-5 Granite, 8--10 Fine-grained limestones, 370-1 Garnet-topped doublets, 535-58 Gregory, T., 77 Fipke, c., 76 Gaspeite, 413-14 Griesbach,141 Fire opal, 27 Gaylussite, 414 Griffin, w.L., 331 Fleischer's Glossary of Mineral GE Company, 102 Grossular see Ga Species, xiii, 185, 376, 424, 432, Gem recovery methods, 34-7 Gubelin, E., 69, : 445,457 Gem regions, 33-4 Gutmannsbauer, Flint, 17 Gemstone carving, 712 Gutta percha, 55 Fluorite, 411-12, 528 tumbling, 712-13 Gypsum,414 Foord, E.E., 193 Gemstone fashioning see Chapter 30 Ford, T.D., 411 brilliance, 700-1 Hahn, E., 82 Fossil marbles, 367 calibration, 700 Halvorsen, A., 11 Fremy, E., 481 planes, 702 Hambergite, 415 Friedelite, 412-13 colour, 702 Hamlin, A., 185 Fused sand glass, 361 cabochons, 708-9 Hiinni, H., 147,5 faceted stones, 709-11 Harlow, G., 72 Gadolinite-(Y),413 cutting considerations, 699 Harris, H., 72 Gahnite, 413 diamonds Hart, M., 80 Gaines, R., 314, 432 grinding, 705--{j Haiiyne, 415 Galalith, 554 methods of dividing stones, 702-4 Hawthorne, EC., Garnet optical phenomena, 702 Hazen, R, 72, 91. almandine, 202-6 position of inclusions, 701-2 Heaney, P., 299, 2 andradite, 206-10 shape, 700 Hematite, 415 calderite, 210 techniques of faceting and Hemimorphite, 4 classification systems, 197-9 polishing, 706-8 Herderite, 416 colour-change garnets, 235 weight retention, 700 Hintze, c., 176 crystals, 201-2 Gemstone handling, 718 Hodgkinsonite, 4 goldmanite, 211 Gemstone simulants Hofer, S., 72 grossular, 211-26 ceramics, 549-51 Hogarth, D.D., 3: group, series and species faience, 545 Holden, E.E, 540 crystal chemistry considerations, glass, 545-7 Hollow doublets, 195-7 metal, 547 Holtite, 417 henritermierite, 216 opal simulants, 548-9 Hope diamond, I hibschite, 216 porcelain, 549 Hornblende, 417 hydrogarnets, 216-17 Germanates, 528 House of DiarnOl

866 Index

grossular-vesuvianite Gesner, e., 155 Howie, R., 176,284,295,314, 'xtures,217 Gibbs, G.v., 307 329,446,460 e,216 Gilson, P., 509 Howlite, 417 yite,218-19 Glass, 545-7 Hiibnerite, 417-18 . gite, 219-20 Gneiss, 18 Huda, Samar Najm abul, 118 'te,220 Golconda, 73 Hume, 152,190 otoite, 220-1 Gold coral, 656-8 Hureaulite, 418 nclature, 199-201 Goldie, E, 536 Hurlbutite, 418 e,221-9 Goldmanite, 211 Hwang, J., 355 lomite, 229-30 Goodletite, 414 Hyalophane, 257 rtine,230-3 Grandidierite, 414 Hydrogarnet, 216-17 vite, 234-5 Granite, 8-10 see also Garnet topped doublets, 535-58 Gregory, T., 77 Hydrogrossular-vesuvianite e,413-14 Griesbach,141 mixtures, 217 ite, 414 Griffin, w.L., 330 ppany,102 Grossular see Garnet Idocrase, 418 overy methods, 34-7 Giibelin, E., 69,119 see also Vesuvianite ions,33-4 Gutmannsbauer, 560 Igneous rocks, 6-14 ne carving, 712 Gutta percha, 553 Imitation doublets, 536 ling, 712-13 Gypsum,414 Inamori, 493 ne fashioning see Chapter 30 Inderite, 418-19 nce, 700-1 Hahn, E., 82 Indravanaka, 73 ation, 700 Halvorsen, A, 189 Intaglio doublets, 543-4 ge planes, 702 Hambergite, 415 International Colored Gemstone ,702 Hamlin, A, 185 Association (lCA), 720 ochons, 708-9 Hanni, H., 147,560 International Jewellery Confederation ted stones, 709-11 Harlow, G., 72 (CIBJO), 201, 720-1 g considerations, 699 Harris, H., 72 International Mineralogical Association nds Hart, M., 80 (IMA), xiv, 197,238-9 ding, 705--6 Haiiyne, 415 lolite, 419 ods of dividing stones, 702-4 Hawthorne, Ee., 165 Ionic bond, 45 'calphenomena, 702 Hazen, R., 72, 91, 472 Isomorphism, 46-7 ~ition of inclusions, 701-2 Heaney, P., 299, 307 Ivory, 659--60 ~pe, 700 Hematite, 415 Iyer, AN., 119 ~niques of faceting and Hemimorphite, 415 polishing, 706-8 Herderite, 416 Jade ~ght retention, 700 Hintze, e., 176 carving, 351-2 me handling, 718 Hodgkinsonite, 416-17 colour, 343 me simulants Hofer, S., 72 deception and enhancement, 347-8 ~ics, 549-51 Hogarth, D.D., 330 geology and properties ce,545 Holden, E.E, 540 jadeite, 336-7 ,545-7 Hollow doublets, 535-6 nephrite, 335-6 1,547 Holtite, 417 sources,338-43 simulants, 548-9 Hope diamond, 73 Japan, 342 !lain, 549 Hornblende, 417 Mesoamerica, 342 lates, 528 House of Diamonair, 521 Myanmar, 342

867 Index

Jade (Continued) Langbeinite, 422 Marath Russia, 343 Lapis lazuli, 11,329-31 Marble USA, 342 Larimar, 435 Marcasi triplets, 542-3 Larvikite, 281 Marine see also Jadeite; Nephrite Lasering, 729 Mawe,; Jadeite, 336-7 Lavernite, 529 Meen, \ Jahns, R, 185 Lawsonite, 422-3 Megant Jasper, 312-13 Lazare Kaplan International Meliphc Jehangir diamond, 72 (LK!),102 Mellite, Jensen, BoB., 189 Lazulite, 423 Merrill, Jeremejevite, 419-20 Lazurite, 423 Mesolitt Jet, 672-3 Legrandite, 423 Metal in identification, 673-6 Lehmann, 300 Metallic Johachidolite, 420 Leifite, 423-4 Metamo Joyner, L., 185,470 Leitmeier, 152 Metamo Judd, J.W., 118 Lepidolite, 424 Metason Leucite, 424 Meteorit Kakortokite, 420 Leucophanite, 424-5 Miaroliti Kammererite, 420 Liddicoat, R, 540 MicrocliJ Kammerling, R, 137 Lieber, w., 295, 375 MicrolitE Kane, 137 Linarite, 425 Middlerr Kashmirine, 233 Linde Air Products Company, 485 Mikimot, Kasmaka,73 Linde Company, 494 Milarite, Kautilya, 73 Linobate, 530 Miller, A Kazmi, A., 140, 155, 177,462 Lisitsyna, 327 Millerite, Kievlenko, Eo, 326 Lithification, 15 Mimetite Kimberlite, 13 Lithium niobate, 530 Mitchell, Kimzeyite, 218-19 Littlejohn and Co., 102 Moissani King, Y.To, 193 Litton Airtron, 521 Monazite Klein, E, 154 London Blue topaz, 180 Moncaca, Knorringite, 219-20 Louderback, 388 Montebra Kogarkoite, 421 Ludlamite, 425 Moon, W. Koh-I-Noor diamond, 72 Luminescence spectroscopy, MoonstOl Koivula, Jo, 69, 128 113-14 Moore,3( Koksharov, No, 165 Lynx eye, 265 Mordenit Korite, 368 Morimot< Kornerupine, 421 Macnevin, A., 76 Mosaic cc Kraus, E.Ho, 540 Mafic rocks, 7, 8 Moss aga Kunz, G., 389 see also Felsic rocks Mother-o: Kurnakovite, 421-2 Magnesite, 426 Mumme, Kutakova, 156 Majorite, 220 Munoz, 1 Kutukova, E., 151 Malachite, 426, 522 Murphy, ] Kyanite, 422 Manganotantalite, 426-7 Manganotychite, 427 Nacken,F Laird, J., 388 Manimantaka,73 Nambulit Lamproite,14 Mantle, 3-4 Narayana

868 Index

(2 Marathon Co., 256 Narsarsukite, 432 ~ 329-31 Marble see Chapter 22 Nassau, K.,t25, 142, 189, 286, 299, 304, Marcasite, 427 482,490,506 Marine Diamond Corporation, 78 National Lead Company, 502-3 Mawe,L 154 Natrolite, 432 Meen, v., 174 Natural glasses, 356-62 1-3 Megantic Co., 234 Nebula stone, 281 'lnternational Meliphanite, 427 Nepheline, 432-3 D2 Mellite, 428 Nephrite, 335-42 Merrill, 75, 145 Neptunite, 433

I Mesolite, 428 Nickeline, 433 I 3 Metal imitations, 547 Northrop, S.A., 324 Metallic species, 428-9 Norwegian pearl granite, 282 Metamorphic rocks, 17-23 Norwood, v., 83 Metamorphism, 17 Nouv, 103 Metasomatism, 24 NovaDiamond Inc., 102 Meteorites, 359 424-5 Miarolitic cavities, 10 Oakenfull, J., 163 540 Microcline, 251 Obsidian, 356-8 ;,375 Microlite, 429 O'Donoghue, M., xiii, 140, Middlemiss, C.S., 139 155, 177, 187, 189, 462, ducts Company, 485 Mikimoto, K., 571 470,471 ny, 494 Milarite, 429-30 Odontolite, 433 Miller, A.M., 145, 165, 355 Opal,314-22 Millerite, 430 Australia, 316-18 15 Mimetite, 430 Brazil, 320-1 lie, 530 Mitchell, R, 124 composites, 541-2 ICo., 102 Moissanite, 89-91 Czech Republic and Slovakia, 1,521 Monazite, 430-1 319-20 topaz, 180 Moncaca, 150-1 fashioning, 321-2 188 Montebrasite, 431 Honduras, 319 5 Moon, w., 290 Indonesia, 320 ! spectroscopy, Moonstone, 270-7 Kazakhstan, 320 Moore, 300 Mexico, 318-19 Mordenite, 431 play of colour, 315-16 Morimotoite, 220-1 stimulants, 548-9 76 Mosaic composites, 544 Opal composites, 541-2 ,8 Moss agate doublets, 544 Opal simulants, 548-9 IC rocks Mother-of-Pearl,677 Opalite, 548 6 Mumme, 1., 143 Operculum, 678-9 Munoz, 151 Oppenheimer, Sir E., 77 1,522 Murphy, E., 317 Orlov, Yu, 71, 84 ilite, 426-7 Orthoclase, 248 ite, 427 Nacken, R, 509 Oved Diamond Company, 742 ,73 Nambulite, 431-2 Overland Gems Inc., 492 Narayana, 119 Ox-eye, 265

869 Index

Pagel-Thiesen, v., 71 Quartz, 504-7 China, 14 Painite, 434 agate, 310-12 India,l4( Palygorskite, 434 amethyst, 301-3 Kashmir, Panczner, W.o., 319 blue quartz, 304 Kenya, l' Panna diamonds, 74 chalcedony, 306-7 Malawi, : Papagoite, 434 chrome chalcedony (mtorolite), 308 Myanma: Parasite, 435 chrysoprase, 307-8 Nigeria, : Pargasite, 434-5 citrine, 299-301 other Afr Partridge, 385 crypto-crystalline quartz, 310-12 Pakistan, Payne, c., 124 jasper, 312-13 Sri Lanka Pearls, 556-636 pseudomorphs, 305 Tanzania, Pectolite, 435 rock crystal, 297-8 Thailand Pegasus Overseas Ltd, 102 rose quartz, 304 United SI Pegmatites, 10-11 smoky quartz, 299 Vietnam, Pentlandite, 436 tiger's-eye, 305 properties, Periclase, 436, 529 see also Chapter 16 synthesis al Peridot, 289-91 Quartzites, 305-6 Rustemeyer, I Peridotite, 7, 14 Quinn, 150-1 Rutile, 444-5, Petalite, 436 Peters, N., 70 Rainbow lattice sunstone, 250 SabharastrakG Phenakite, 436-7, 529 Rainier, P., 154 Samarskite-(Y Phosgenite, 437 Rankin, A, 148 Samasatri, 73 Phosphophyllite, 437 Raza, H.A., 140 Sanders, J,V" : Phyllites, 18 Read, P., xv, 91 Sanidine,254 Pirsson, 144 Realgar, 442 Sapphirine,4< Plagioclase feldspars see Chapter 12 Rhodizite, 442-3 Sarcolite, 445­ Plastics, 552-5 Rhodochrosite, 443 Sawyer Resea Pogue, J., 323 Rhodonite, 443-4 Scalisi, P., 327 Polishing, 713-14 Richterite, 444 Scapolite, 446 Pollucite, 437-8 Rinkite, 444 Scheelite, 446­ Polyester, 554 Ritter, 73 Schists, 18 Polymorphism, 60 Rock crystal, 297-8 Schluter, T., 8 Porcelain, 549 Rock systems, 28-30 Schmetzer, K. Porcelanite, 438 Rocks, 5 Schorlomite, : Porphyries, 438-9 igneous, 6-14 Schrauf, A., 5 Poudrettite, 439 metamorphic, 17-23 Scolecite, 447 Powellite, 439-40 sedimentary, 14-17 Scorodite, 44; Prehnite, 440 Roland, J., 539 Scorzalite, 44' Prescott, B.E., 304 Rose quartz, 304 Sedimentary Presidente Vargas diamond, 75 Roskin, G., 71 conglo Prewitt, C.T., 307 Rozhkov, I., 84 Sediments an Prosopite, 440 Rubies and sapphires (corundum) 14-17 Proustite, 440 see Chapter 5 Sellaite, 448 Pyrargyrite, 441 Locations Serni-genuinl Pyrite, 441 Afghanistan, 141 SenarmontitE Pyrope, 221-30 Australia, 143-4 Sepiolite, 448

870 1 Index

China, 142-3 Serandite, 448-9 12 India, 140 Serendibite, 449 01-3 Kashmir, 139-40 Serpentine, 449-50 ,304 Kenya, 146-7 Shattuckite, 450 ,306-7 Malawi, 147-8 Shell,677 cedony (mtorolite), 308 Myanmar, 134-7 ammolite, 677-8 ,307-8 Nigeria, 149 mother-of-pearl,677 301 other African sources, 147 operculum, 678-9 talline quartz, 310-12 Pakistan, 140 Shell cameos, 679-80 13 Sri Lanka, 141-2 identification, 680-1 hS,305 Tanzania, 147 Shelly marbles, 368 ,297-8 Thailand and Cambodia, 137 Shield areas, 13 ,304 United States, 144 Shinko Pearl Company, 599 z,299 Vietnam, 137-8 Shomiokite-(Y),450 305 properties, 118-37 Shortite, 450 pter 16 synthesis and simulation, 131-2 Shreve and Company, 389 5-6 Rustemeyer, P., 185 Siderite, 451 Rutile, 444-5, 502-3 Silica glass, 361-2 Silicon carbide, 528 ce sunstone, 250 Sabharastraka, 73 see also Moissanite Samarskite-(Y),445 Sillimanite, 451 Samasatri, 73 Simmons, W., 185--6 Sanders, JV, 315 Simpsonite, 451-2 Sanidine, 254 Sinhalite, 452 Sapphirine, 445 Sinkankas, J., 75, 144, 151, 165,317, Sarcolite, 445-6 324,355 Sawyer Research Products Inc., 504 Sircar,73 Scalisi, P., 327 Slates, 18 Scapolite, 446 Sloane, Sir H., 335 Scheelite, 446-7, 529 Smaryll, 540 Schists, 18 Smith, E., 317 Schluter, T., 81 Smith, G.P. Herbert, 536 Schmetzer, K., 127, 518 Smithsonite, 452 Schorlomite, 229 Snee, L., 155 ,14 Schrauf, A., 536 Soapstone, 453 lic,17-23 Scolecite, 447 Sochting, 156 y,14-17 Scorodite, 447 Sodalite, 453 ~ Scorzalite, 447-8 Sogdianite, 453-4 lO4 Sedimentary breccias and Soude-type stones, 538 conglomerates, 366-7 see also Chapter 25 ~ Sediments and sedimentary rocks, Spectrolite, 265 pphires (corundum) 14-17 Spessartine, 230-3 Ipter 5 Sellaite, 448 see also Chapter 11 Semi-genuine doublets, 532-5 Sphalerite, 454 tan, 141 Senarmontite, 448 Sphene, 454 ,143-4 Sepiolite, 448 Spinel, 170-4, 494, 502

871 Index

Spodumene, 292--4 Taaffeite, 457 Vayrynenite, 462 kunzite, cutting of, 293--4 Takishima Pearl Company, 590 Veins (in rocks), Spurrite, 455 Tanzanite, 458 Verdite, 463 Srikatanaka, 73 Tasaki Mabe Pearl Company, 596 Verneuil, A, 481 Stanstead Company, 234 Tasaki Shinju Co. Ltd, 596 Vesuvianite, 463­ Star doublets, 543 Tavernier, J.-B., 120 Villalba, B., 151 Staurolite, 455 Tektites, 359-60 Villiaumite,464 Stibiotantalite, 455 Tephroite, 458 Vivianite, 464 , 456 Thaumasite, 458-9 Vlasov, K, 151, 1 Stolzite, 456 Themelis, T., 119, 142 Vlasovite, 464 Streeter, E., 118 Thomsonite-(Ca),459 Volcanic or extru Strontianite, 456 Thorite, 459 gems associatE Strontium titanate, 503 Tifashi Yusuf, 118 them, 11-' Suderkin, 331 Tiger's-eye, 305 Voynick, S., 144 Sugilite, 456-7 Tillander, H., 71 Vulcanite, 553 Sulphur, 457 Topaz, 175-84 Sunspar, 265 Tortoiseshell, 668-9 Wadia, D., 119 Sunstone see Chapter 12 Tourmaline, 185-93 Wardite, 465 Super Blue, 180 Usambara effect in, 189 Watermeyer, B., ' Surface polishing, 633 "Transvaaljade",217-18,347 Wavellite, 465 Suwa, Y, 145, 326, 355 Travertines and onyx marble, 371-3 Waxed pearls, 6:: Swiss Blue, 180 Tremayne, A., 145 Websky, 160 Symerald, 511 Tremolite, 459-60 Webster, R., xiv, Symes, R, 328 Triphylite, 460 Weed,l44 Syndicat professionnel des Perles de Triplets, 536 Weloganite, 465 Tahiti (SPP), 592 Triplex opal, 542 Synthetic gemstones see Chapter 24 Triplite, 460 Alexandrite, 520-2 Tugtupite, 460-1 corundum, 480-94 Turquoise, 323-8 doublets, 541 Turquoise doublets, 544 early work on synthesis, 480-3 Tushingham, A.D., 174 emerald, 508-20 Twinned crystals, 60-1 fluorescence, 488-9 flux-grown rubies, 490-3 Ulexite, 461 garnets, 522--4 Unakite, 281, 461 jadeite, 522 Uranium, 28-9 malachite, 522 Usambara effect, 189 moissanite, 89-91 Ussingite, 461 opal, 526-8 Uvarovite see Chapter 11 quartz, 504-7 UV-VIS spectroscopy, 626-7 rutile, 502-3 spinel, 494, 500-2 Vacuum Ventures Inc., 511 strontium titanate, 503 Value-enhanced gemstones Verneuilfurnace, 483-5 see Chapter 31 zirconia, 524-6 Vanadinite, 462 Syntho Gem Company, 550 Varahamihira, 73 Szymanski, 408 Variscite, 462

872 Index

57 Vayrynenite, 462-3 Whewellite, 465-6 Pearl Company, 590 Veins (in rocks), 11 Willemite, 466 458 Verdite, 463 Williams, A.P., 71, 76 be Pearl Company, 596 Verneuil, A., 481 Williams, G.P., 71, 76 ju Co. Ltd, 596 Vesuvianite, 463--4 Williamsite, 466 J.-B.,120 Villalba, B., 151 Witherite, 466 9--60 Villiaumite,464 Wollaston, T., 317 458 Vivianite, 464 Wollastonite, 467 e,458-9 Vlasov, K., 151, 156 Wood, J., 331 T.,119,142 Vlasovite, 464 Wright, L.A., 185 e-(Ca),459 Volcanic or extrusive rocks, 6 Wulfenite, 467 9 gems associated with uf,118 them, 11-12 Xenocrysts, 12 ,305 Voynick, S., 144 X-ray diffraction in pearl testing, 627-8 .,71 Vulcanite, 553 X-ray luminescence of pearls, 625

ell, 668-9 Wadia, D., 119 Yttralox, 529 e,185-93 Wardite, 465 Yugawaralite, 468 a effect in, 189 Watermeyer, B., 70 jade", 217-18, 347 Wavellite, 465 Zancanelli, v., 458, 462 and onyx marble, 371-3 Waxed pearls, 633 Zektzerite, 468 A.,145 Websky, 160 Zincite,468-9,529 459--60 Webster, R., xiv, 74 Zircon,284-8,529 460 Weed,144 Zoisite, 469 6 Weloganite, 465 Zunyite, 469 1,542

II 81,461 2.8-9 effect, 189 461 see Chapter 11 eetroscopy, 626-7 mtures Inc., 511 meed gemstones :hapter 31 ,462 ira, 73 &2

873