DOCSLIB.ORG

Fort Brooke: Frontier Outpost, 1824-42 by Donald L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fort Brooke: Frontier Outpost, 1824-42 by Donald L University of South Florida Scholar Commons Digital Collection - Florida Studies Center Digital Collection - Florida Studies Center Publications 7-1-1985 Tampa Bay History 07/01 University of South Florida. College of Social and Behavioral Sciences. Department of History Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/flstud_pub Part of the American Studies Commons, and the Community-based Research Commons Scholar Commons Citation University of South Florida. College of Social and Behavioral Sciences. Department of History, "Tampa Bay History 07/01" (1985). Digital Collection - Florida Studies Center Publications. Paper 2522. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/flstud_pub/2522 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Digital Collection - Florida Studies Center at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Digital Collection - Florida Studies Center Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPRING/SUMMER 1985 VOLUME 7, NUMBER 1 CONTENTS From the Editors ARTICLES Fort Brooke: Frontier Outpost, 1824-42 By Donald L. Chamberlin 5 Desegregating Public Schools in Manatee and Pinellas Counties, 1954-71 By Darryl Paulson 30 and Milly St. Julien Dawn of the Automobile Age: A Photographic Essay By Cheryl Farnell 42 MEMOIR Walter D. Bell: Lawyer, Jurist and Legislator By Iris Bell 61 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS St. Petersburg's First Public School Introduction by Paul Eugen Camp 76 BOOK REVIEWS Klingman, Neither Dies Nor Surrenders: A History of the Republican Party in Florida, 1867-1970, By George H. Mayer . 83 Broward, The Architecture of John Henry Klutho: The Prairie School in Jacksonville, By Sape Zylstra . 84 White, The World's First Airline: The St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line, By Wayne Bevis . 86 Nolan, Fifty Feet in Paradise: The Booming of Florida By Hampton Dunn . 87 Gardner, An Annotated Bibliography of Florida Fiction, 1801-1980, By Gary R. Mormino . 88 Bernard and Rice, eds., Sunbelt Cities: Politics and Growth since World War II, By Patricia M. Melvin . 89 Announcements . 92 Notes on Contributors . 93 Copyright 1985 by the University of South Florida Typography and composition by Boldruler, Inc. Printing by Rinaldi Printing Company, Tampa Florida FROM THE EDITORS Historians often ask themselves whether particular developments marked a significant change or reflected underlying continuity. In this issue of Tampa Bay History, which begins our seventh year of publishing, the articles focus on subjects that highlight changes in south Florida. The opening article about Fort Brooke details the establishment of the first permanent American settlement at Tampa Bay, and it reveals what life was like for the troops and civilians who staked out the area that became Tampa. The article on the desegregation of public schools in Manatee and Pinellas counties won second prize in the 1983 TBH Essay Contest, and it, too, chronicles a period of slow but dramatic change. A sharp contrast to recent crises in public education is offered in a document dating from the 1890s which describes the problems encountered by the principal of St. Petersburg's first public school. The other articles featured in this issue also relate to the theme of historical change. The photo essay, depicting the "Dawn of the Automobile Age," shows graphically the impact of technological innovation on life in Florida after the turn of the century. The memoir relates the life of Walter D. Bell who lived in several south Florida cities, including Fort Myers and Tampa, and who rose to a position of prominence in Arcadia. Spanning almost 150 years of Florida history, the articles in this issue focus on some turning points, but readers can decide for them- selves how much change actually occurred and to what extent basic patterns of life continued unbroken. We are proud to announce that the 1984 Tampa Bay History Essay Contest was won by two students at the St. Petersburg Campus of the University of South Florida, Ellen Babb and Milly St. Julien, for their article, "Public and Private Lives: Women in St. Petersburg at the Turn of the Century," which will appear in a forthcoming issue. Other upcoming articles will cover south Florida cowmen, Odet Phillippe, a yellow fever epidemic and the centennial of Ybor City. We invite readers to submit previously unpublished articles on any topic related to the history of southwest Florida. For details of this year's Essay Contest, see page 4. FORT BROOKE: FRONTIER OUTPOST, 1824-42 by Donald L. Chamberlin The great port and city of Tampa, Florida, originally owed its existence to a little known military post called Fort Brooke. Today there is only a small marker to designate its location, and few citizens of the area have even heard its name. But for over fifty years and at the cost of hundreds of soldiers’ lives, Fort Brooke protected settlers from Indians, pirates, and lawless whites. It played a vital role in the development of the Tampa Bay area and the entire west coast of Florida. The United States acquired Florida from Spain in February, 1821. President James Monroe appointed General Andrew Jackson governor of the newly acquired territory. After Jackson’s resignation in late 1821, William P. Duval was appointed territorial governor of Florida. One of the most pressing problems facing Jackson and DuVal was the disposition of the Seminole Indians. It was a problem that became more and more complicated over the next two years, and it was directly responsible for the establishment of Fort Brooke.1 By 1823, the federal government had decided to establish an Indian reservation somewhere in south Florida. Governor DuVal thought the Indians should not be allowed to remain on the valuable territory between the Suwannee River and the Alachua region. Thus, the policy which would push the Seminoles off their coveted lands was being formed. In April, 1823, Secretary of War John C. Calhoun appointed Colonel James Gadsden and Bernardo Segui to act as commissioners to conclude a treaty with the Seminoles. Their instructions were to place the Indians south of Charlotte Harbor, or if not enough suitable lands were available there, as far north toward Tampa Bay as they deemed necessary. It was wishful thinking to believe the Seminoles could sustain life on the land south of Charlotte Harbor. Gadsden and DuVal, after exploring parts of the territory, subsequently recommended that the reservation boundary be extended northward.2 In June, 1823, Gadsden consulted with several Seminole chiefs and fixed a conference for September 5. The conference was held at a small military post on Moultrie Creek, five miles south of St. Augustine, and the resulting Treaty of Moultrie Creek was signed September 18, 1823. The principal provisions of the treaty called for: creation of an Indian reservation extending about thirty miles north of Tampa Bay but no nearer than fifteen miles from the gulf coast nor twenty miles from the Atlantic coast; a subsidy of $6,000 plus $5,000 annually for twenty years; establishment of an Indian agency with a school; the furnishing of provisions for one year to the Indians while they moved their homes and became established on the reservation; allowing the northern boundary of the reservation to be extended if the commissioners became convinced that the reservation did not contain enough good tillable land; and six separate, small reservations in Florida for six Apalachicola chiefs and their followers who otherwise would not sign the treaty. The last provision affected only 214 Indians.3 The commissioners sent the treaty to Secretary of War Calhoun and urged that military posts be established at Tampa Bay, Charlotte Harbor, and near Cape Florida. They concluded that justice had been done the Indians, yet the Seminoles’ erratic disposition necessitated the establishment of forts. Gadsden also volunteered to run the boundary line of the reservation. He urged that it be done promptly without waiting for ratification because delay would cause postponement for a year, owing to the impossibility of operating in Florida during the socalled sickly season, which ran roughly from the end of March to October. On November 4, 1823, Calhoun advised Gadsden that President James Monroe had approved his proposal and had authorized establishment of a military post at Tampa Bay.4 On November 5, 1823, the commanding general of the U.S. Army ordered Brevet Colonel George Mercer Brooke to proceed from Pensacola, Florida, to Tampa Bay with four companies of the Fourth Infantry in order to establish a military post which would afford good health and proximity to Indians.5 Colonel Brooke was apparently an excellent choice for the undertaking. Although not a graduate of West Point, he had received rapid promotion because of his meritorious service in the War of 1812. One of his lieutenants, George A. McCall, later described his commanding officer in a private letter. No one is more liberal or more amiable than he, Colonel Brooke; and though he may have his weak points or queer conceits, which are as undisguised as they are harmless, yet his many sterling qualities will always gain him the affection and warm regard of those around him. [H]is kindness and generosity on all occasions, has left a lasting impression upon my mind. .Beloved of his men, the Colonel is the most indulgent of commanding officers, without ever losing sight of what is required of every man in the discharge of his appropriate duties.6 Colonel Brooke cooperated with Colonel Gadsden in finding a location for the new fort at Tampa Bay. Gadsden arrived in the area by overland route from St. Augustine on January 8, 1824. After a voyage from Pensacola, Brooke’s ship entered Tampa Bay on January 20, and the other two ships of his company arrived within the next few days.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Early Days at Fort Brooke
    Sunland Tribune Volume 1 Article 2 1974 Early Days at Fort Brooke George Mercer Brooke Jr. Virginia Military Institute Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/sunlandtribune Recommended Citation Brooke, George Mercer Jr. (1974) "Early Days at Fort Brooke," Sunland Tribune: Vol. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/sunlandtribune/vol1/iss1/2 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sunland Tribune by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. (DUO\'D\VDW)RUW%URRNH By COL. GEORGE MERCER BROOKE, JR. Professor of History Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va. On 5 November 1823, the Adjutant General in Washington ordered Lieutenant Colonel George Mercer Brooke of the Fourth Infantry to take four companies from Cantonment Clinch near Pensacola to Tampa Bay for the purpose of building a military post. Exactly three months later, Brooke reported from the Tampa Bay area that he had arrived and work on the post was under way. A study of this troop movement and the construction of the cantonment later called Fort Brooke gives some insight into the problems the army faced one hundred and fifty years ago. At that time the population of the country was only ten million and the immigration flood of the nineteenth century was as yet only a trickle. The population was predominantly rural, only seven per cent living in urban areas. The railroad era lay in the future. Missouri had just recently been admitted as the twenty-fourth state after a portentous struggle on the slavery issue, and the country was laboring to recover from the Panic of 1819 induced in large part by overspeculation in land.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of the Wiggins Prairie Mitigation Bank, Hillsborough County, Florida
    CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY OF THE WIGGINS PRAIRIE MITIGATION BANK, HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, FLORIDA For: Southern States Land & Timber, LLC 2205 W. Pinhook Road, Suite 200 Lafayette, Louisiana 70508 Prepared by: Florida’s First Choice in Cultural Resource Management Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 (941) 379-6206 Toll Free: 1-800-735-9906 November 2016 CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY OF THE WIGGINS PRAIRIE MITIGATION BANK, HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, FLORIDA For: Southern States Land & Timber, LLC 2205 W. Pinhook Road, Suite 200 Lafayette, Louisiana 70508 By: Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 Marion Almy – Project Manager Elizabeth A. Horvath – Project Archaeologist Katherine Baar – Archaeologist November 2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Archaeological Consultants, Inc. (ACI) performed a cultural resource assessment survey (CRAS) of 79 acres of the Wiggins Prairie Mitigation Bank for Southern States Land & Timber, LLC in October 2016. Portions of the 492-acre parcel had been previously surveyed, and the current investigations focused on those areas where subsurface disturbance is anticipated. The purpose of the survey was to locate and identify any archaeological sites and historic resources within the project area of potential effects (APE) and to assess their significance in terms of eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The archaeological APE consists of those lands that will be subject to subsurface disturbance and have not previously been surveyed for cultural resources. The historical APE consists of the entire property. The survey was requested by the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), who reviewed U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) file number SAJ-2016-00429-TMF (Parsons 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Fort King National Historic Landmark Education Guide 1 Fig5
    Ai-'; ~,,111m11l111nO FORTKINO NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK Fig1 EDUCATION GUIDE This guide was made possible by the City of Ocala Florida and the Florida Department of State/Division of Historic Resources WELCOME TO Micanopy WE ARE EXCITED THAT YOU HAVE CHOSEN Fort King National Historic Fig2 Landmark as an education destination to shed light on the importance of this site and its place within the Seminole War. This Education Guide will give you some tools to further educate before and after your visit to the park. The guide gives an overview of the history associated with Fort King, provides comprehension questions, and delivers activities to Gen. Thomas Jesup incorporate into the classroom. We hope that this resource will further Fig3 enrich your educational experience. To make your experience more enjoyable we have included a list of items: • Check in with our Park Staff prior to your scheduled visit to confrm your arrival time and participation numbers. • The experience at Fort King includes outside activities. Please remember the following: » Prior to coming make staff aware of any mobility issues or special needs that your group may have. » Be prepared for the elements. Sunscreen, rain gear, insect repellent and water are recommended. » Wear appropriate footwear. Flip fops or open toed shoes are not recommended. » Please bring lunch or snacks if you would like to picnic at the park before or after your visit. • Be respectful of our park staff, volunteers, and other visitors by being on time. Abraham • Visitors will be exposed to different cultures and subject matter Fig4 that may be diffcult at times.
    [Show full text]
  • Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
    Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Map of Florida By H.S. Tanner. 1836 Stock#: 61772 Map Maker: Tanner Date: 1836 Place: Philadelphia Color: Hand Colored Condition: VG Size: 27.5 x 23.5 inches Price: SOLD Description: Second Seminole War Edition of Tanner's Map of Florida Territory Gorgeous example of this rare 1836 state of Tanner's Map of Florida. Tanner's first map of Florida is one of the earliest obtainable maps of Florida Territory. The first edition of the map is virtually identical to Charles Vignole's map of 1823, with the only difference being the lack of Vignole's name on the map. First issued in 1823, the second state of the map shows the addition of Gadsden County, whereas only St. Johns, Duval, Jackson and Escambia counties are shown in the 1823 edition. This 1836 edition shows significant changes, many of which related to the Second Seminole War. The original St. Johns County in the south is now subdivided into Monroe, Mosquito, Hillsboro, Dade, and Alachua Counties, with a massive area in the center (yellow) called Mackley's, in what was then largely Drawer Ref: Florida Stock#: 61772 Page 1 of 2 Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] Map of Florida By H.S. Tanner. 1836 unexplored parts of Hillsboro County, including Miranda's Grant, Ft. Alabama, Fort King, Dade's Battle Ground, Camp Chisolm, Pilaklakaha Village, Chichuchaty and Ft.
    [Show full text]
  • Territorial Florida Castillo De San Marcos National Monument Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 St
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Territorial Florida Castillo de San Marcos National Monument Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 St. Augustine, Florida ( Seminole Indians, c. 1870 Southern Migration The original native inhabitants of Florida had all but disappeared by 1700. European diseases and the losses from nearly constant colonial warfare had reduced the population to a mere handful. Bands from various tribes in the southeastern United States pressured by colonial expansion began moving into the unoccupied lands in Florida. These primarily Creek tribes were called Cimarrones by the Spanish “strays” or “wanderers.” This is the probable origin of the name Seminole. Runaway slaves or “Maroons” also began making their way into Florida where they were regularly granted freedom by the Spanish. Many joined the Indian villages and integrated into the tribes. Early Conflict During the American Revolution the British, who controlled Florida from 1763 to 1784, recruited the Seminoles to raid rebel frontier settlements in Georgia. Both sides engaged in a pattern of border raiding and incursion which continued sporadically even after Florida returned to Spanish control after the war. Despite the formal treaties ending the war the Seminoles remained enemies of the new United States. Growing America At the beginning of the 19th century the rapidly growing American population was pushing onto the frontiers in search of new land. Many eyes turned southward to the Spanish borderlands of Florida and Texas. Several attempts at “filibustering,” private or semi-official efforts to forcibly take territory, occurred along the frontiers. The Patriot War of 1812 was one such failed American effort aimed at taking East Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of the Peck Sink Storm Water Park Design Project Area in Hernando County, Florida
    CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY OF THE PECK SINK STORM WATER PARK DESIGN PROJECT AREA IN HERNANDO COUNTY, FLORIDA Prepared for: Hernando County Board of County Commissioners 20 North Main Street Brooksville, Florida 34601 By: Archaeological Consultants, Inc. 8110 Blaikie Court, Suite A Sarasota, Florida 34240 Joan Deming - Project Manager Elizabeth A. Horvath and Lee Hutchinson - Project Archaeologists Justin Winkler and Nelson Rodriguez - Archaeologists In Association with: King Engineering Associates, Inc. 4921 Memorial Highway, Suite 300 Tampa, Florida 33634 September 2009 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Archaeological Consultants, Inc. (ACI) conducted a cultural resource assessment survey (CRAS) of the approximately 111-acre Peck Sink Storm Water Park Design project area (hereinafter referred to as Peck Sink) in Hernando County, Florida in June and July 2009. The purpose of this survey was to locate and identify any cultural resources within the project area, and to assess their significance in terms of eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). This survey was conducted for the Hernando County Board of County Commissioners (BOCC), and complies with Hernando County’s Comprehensive Plan (effective February 2006). This report also complies with Chapters 267 and 373, Florida Statutes (FS), Florida’s Coastal Management Program, and implementing state regulations regarding possible impact to significant historical properties. This report conforms to the specifications set forth in Chapter 1A-46, Florida Administrative Code (FAC) (revised August 21, 2002) and the Cultural Resource Management Standards and Operational Manual (Florida Division of Historical Resources [FDHR] 2003). Background research and a review of the Florida Master Site File (FMSF) and NRHP indicated that no archaeological sites have been recorded previously within the Peck Sink property.
    [Show full text]
  • Alcione M. Amos
    Alcione M. Amos THE LIFE OF LUIS FATIO PACHECO LAST SURVIVOR OF DADE’S BATTLE SEMINOLE WARS FOUNDATION, INC. Founded 1992 Pamphlet Series Vol. I, No. 1 2006 THE LIFE OF LUIS FATIO PACHECO LAST SURVIVOR OF DADE’S BATTLE By Alcione M. Amos Copyright © 2006 By Alcione M. Amos Frank Laumer Series Editor Seminole Wars Foundation, Inc. 35247 Reynolds St. Dade City, FL 33523 www.seminolewars.us Luis Fatio Pacheco Florida Times Union October 1892 Courtesy of the Library of Congress INTRODUCTION In the course of research on the Seminole Wars, a great deal of information can be found that has not seen the light of day for a century or two. While probing the records in an effort to recreate this period of Florida’s past in all its glory and shame, searching for clarification about an individual or a particular event, it is both rewarding and frustrating to find tantalizing hints of other information relating to the search, information that is pertinent to the subject but the very existence of which was unknown. Frustrating because following every lead would take a lifetime, yet there is no way of knowing where the trails might lead, what treasures of information might be found. As a case in point, this writer, searching the letter book of Captain Francis Belton (in command at Ft. Brooke in December, 1835) for the specific order that sent Major Dade on his doomed march, found a letter from Belton to General Clinch written at 9:00 A.M. on the 23rd, “...two companies have been put in motion this morning at reveille under the command of Bt.
    [Show full text]
  • Profiles of Early Settlers on the Pinellas Peninsula
    Tampa Bay History Volume 5 Issue 1 Article 8 6-1-1983 Profiles of Early Settlers on the Pinellas eninsulaP Evelyn C. Bash Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/tampabayhistory Recommended Citation Bash, Evelyn C. (1983) "Profiles of Early Settlers on the Pinellas eninsula,P " Tampa Bay History: Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/tampabayhistory/vol5/iss1/8 This Genealogy is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tampa Bay History by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bash: Profiles of Early Settlers on the Pinellas Peninsula PROFILES OF EARLY SETTLERS ON THE PINELLAS PENINSULA by Evelyn C. Bash Editor’s Note: The following sketches illustrate the history of the earliest white settlers on the Pinellas Peninsula, and we wish to encourage readers to submit similar profiles for the pioneers in their own areas. These biographical entries are listed in chronological order by the date when land claims were filed. The original inhabitants of the Pinellas Peninsula were the Tocobega Indians, and evidence of their presence is confirmed by the many mounds of shell, some of which were used for burial. The Indians lived in thatched palmetto huts in small villages, ate fish and shell fish, but also cultivated maize and other crops. Their cruel treatment by the early Spanish explorers, such as Panfilo de Narvaez, led to persistent conflicts. Two years after Pedro Menendez set up a garrison in 1597, his men were massacred by the Indians.
    [Show full text]
  • Marketing Brochure.Pdf
    A 22-Story, Class A Office Building Located In The Central Business District Of Downtown Tampa, Florida A 387,477 SF, Class A Office Building Located In The Central Business District Of Downtown Tampa, Florida Wells Fargo Center A 387,477 SF, Class A Office Building Located In The Central Business District Of Downtown Tampa, Florida Wells Fargo Center A 387,477 SF, Class A Office Building Located In The Central Business District Of Downtown Tampa, Florida Office Space Available from 500 to 40,000 Square Feet With over 87,000 square feet of high quality vacant space, the building features some of the highest quality available office space in Downtown Tampa including one of the CBD’s most desirable full floor vacancies. Fitness Center RenovationWells Fargo Concept Center Parking Garage Renovation Concept On-Site Café Renovation Concept Conference CenterWells Fargo Center General Information Name Wells Fargo Center Address 100 South Ashley Drive Tampa, FL 33602 County Hillsborough County Location Wells Fargo Center is located at the southeast corner of Whiting Street and South Ashley Drive in the Tampa Central Business District. The Building is in close proximity to major local and regional thoroughfares including the Lee Roy Selmon Crosstown Expressway, I-275, and Kennedy Boulevard (State Route 60). Overview The Property consists of a 22-story, Class A office tower and a connected, above-ground 9- story, 505 stall parking garage (1.3 / 1,000 RSF parking ratio). Square Footage 427,166 – Building Gross Square Footage (GSF) 387,477 – Building Rentable Square Footage (RSF) 178,134 – Parking Structure Gross Square Footage (GSF) Number Of Floors 22 floors Frontage Tampa Street – 535 Feet Ashley Drive – 477 Feet Brorein Street – 196 Feet Whiting Street – 103 Feet Site Size 64,120 square feet (1.47 acres) Year Built 1985 Exceptional Location & Accessibility Wells Fargo Center is prominently situated in the heart of Tampa’s Entertainment District.
    [Show full text]
  • The Florida Historical Quarterly Volume Xxxvi April, 1958 Number 4
    THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY VOLUME XXXVI APRIL, 1958 NUMBER 4 CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1958 FLORIDA RECONSTRUCTION I MPEACHMENTS . Cortez A. M. Ewing ...... 299 LIFE AT FORT BROOKE, 1824-1836 ...... James W. Covington 319 LETTERS FROM THE SECOND SEMINOLE WAR . Jo hn K. Mahon . 331 SOME LETTERS TO HIS PARENTS BY A FLORIDIAN IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY . Gilbert Wright . 353 THE FLORIDA SECESSION CONVENTION . .Ralph A. Wooster . 373 BOOK REVIEWS Le Conte, WHEN THE WORLD ENDED . George R. Bentley . 386 Tebeau, FLORIDA'S LAST FRONTIER . Charles M. Brookfield . 3 8 7 Singletary, NEGRO MILITIA AND RECONSTRUCTION . Adam G. Adams ...... 3 8 9 Rainwater and Hanna, OUR JOURNEY THROUGH FLORIDA; Copeland and Dovell, LA FLORIDA; Patrick, Patrick and Fisackerly, STORY OF FLORIDA . Occie Clubbs . 390 NEWS AND NOTES ................................................... 392 COPYRIGHT 1957 by the Florida Historical Society. Reentered as second class matter July 2, 1956 at the post office at Jacksonville, Florida, under the Act of August 24, 1912. OFFICE OF PUBLICATION. CONVENTION PRESS, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA FLORIDA RECONSTRUCTION IMPEACHMENTS by Cortez A. M. Ewing 1. IMPEACHMENT OF GOVERNOR HARRISON REED HE IMPEACHMENT of Governor Harrison Reed not only Tcontributes an interesting chapter to the history of Recon- struction but it also offers a number of novel precedents to the history of American impeachments. Throughout his gubernator- ial term (1868-1872), Reed fought a consistent and courageous struggle against carpetbag politicians in Florida. I know of no other state or national civil officer against whom the impeachment remedy was so frequently attempted. On four occasions, he was threatened with legislative removal. Twice the lower house passed impeachment resolutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 30, Issue 1
    Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 30 Issue 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 30, Article 1 Issue 1 1951 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 30, Issue 1 Florida Historical Society [email protected] Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Society, Florida Historical (1951) "Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 30, Issue 1," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 30 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol30/iss1/1 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 30, Issue 1 Volume XXX July, 1951-April, 1952 PUBLISHED BY THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY Published by STARS, 1951 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 30 [1951], Iss. 1, Art. 1 https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol30/iss1/1 2 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 30, Issue 1 CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXX ARTICLES AND AUTHORS Addison Blockhouse: John W. Griffin; 276 Arizona Apaches as “Guests” in Florida: Omega G. East and Albert C. Manucy; 294 Archeology of the Tampa Bay Area: Ripley P. Bullen; 133 Book Reviews; 225, 227, 301, 303, 354, 356, 357 Bourbon Democracy in Alabama, 1874-1890, reviewed; 356 Boyd, Mark F.: The Seminole War: Its Background and Onset; 3 Brown, Mercer W.: The Parson Brown Orange; 129 Bullen, Ripley P.: Archeology of the Tampa Bay Area; 133 Bullen, Ripley P.: De Soto’s Ucita and the Terra Ceia Site; 317 Chestnut, Mary Boykin: A Diary from Dixie, reviewed; 225 Coleman, R.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 52, Number 4
    Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 52 Number 4 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 52, Article 1 Number 4 1973 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 52, Number 4 Florida Historical Society [email protected] Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Society, Florida Historical (1973) "Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 52, Number 4," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 52 : No. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol52/iss4/1 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 52, Number 4 Published by STARS, 1973 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 52 [1973], No. 4, Art. 1 COVER John James Audubon saw the Florida Cormorant at Indian Key, and painted it on April 26, 1832, his forty-seventh birthday. He was in Florida at the time visiting the Keys aboard the Marion, a United States revenue cutter. Audubon commissioned copies to be made—most of them by Robert Havell, Jr., the well-known English engraver. Reproduced by copper plate engravings, each print was colored by hand. Due to human variability, the outlines and colors did not always remain true to the originals. Nevertheless, it is such copies, or even copies of these copies that have come to be in- correctly regarded as Audubon’s real work. The Florida Cormorant on the cover is from a copy of the 1835 Havell engravings in the P.
    [Show full text]