MACKENZIE PRESBYTERIAN UNIVERSITY
ENGINEERING SCHOOL
DIGITAL TV RESEARCH LABORATORY
TEST REPORT ON LTE SIGNAL INTERFERENCE IN DIGITAL TV IN THE UHF BAND
Requester: SET – Brazilian Society of TV Engineering
NUMBER OF TEST REPORT
DATE OF ISSUE NOVEMBER 4 2013
STANDARDS APPLICABLE
IN ACCORDANCE WITH
REVIEW DATE DETAILS
1.0 NOV 4 2013 VERSION 1
Note:
This report contains 142 pages. This report presents the test results of the particular equipment or component presented for the evaluation and does not imply compliance of manufactured equipment. Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 2 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
TEST REPORT FOR DETERMINATION OF THE PROTECTION RATIO
AND OVERLOAD THRESHOLD OF ISDB-TB DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TV RECEIVERS WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF THE MOBILE SERVICE IN
THE 700 MHz RANGE
Produced for
SET
Jardim Botânico Street, 700 – Room 306
22461-000 Rio de Janeiro RJ
Brazil
by
Digital TV Research Laboratory
School of Engineering
Presbyterian Mackenzie University
Consolation Street, 930
01302-907 Sao Paulo SP
Brazil
Tel: +55 11 2114 8671 [email protected] www.mackenzie.br
Eng. Eduardo Santos Bueno Date: Tested by: NOV 4 2013 Eng. Yuri Pontes Maciel
Eng. Julio Omi Date: Prepared by: NOV 4 2013 Eng. Renato M. Maroja
Approved and Date: Prof. Dr Gunnar Bedicks authorized by: NOV 4 2013
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INTRODUCTION
In February 2013, the Ministry of Communications announced the intention to introduce mobile services in the frequency range of 698 to 806 MHz as a primary service, following a Resolution of the World Radiocommunication Conference of 2007 (WRC 2007), which raised the mobile services in the range of 698 to 806 MHz to co-primary with the broadcasting and fixed services in Regions 2 (Americas) and 3 (Asia and Oceania). Later, at the World Radiocommunications Conference of 2012, Region 1 requested the introduction of the WRC 2015 Agenda, an item concerning the use of the band 694–790 MHz by the mobile services in Region 1, and the conditions of sharing of this service with the broadcasting service, specifically digital TV.
In Brazil, the mobile services will be introduced in the range of 698 to 806 MHz after the end of the operation of the analog TV channels in the range of 470 to 698 MHz and the relocation of existing or planned digital channels in the range of 698 to 806 MHz, transferring them to the range of 470 to 698 MHz. The goal is to perform the migration of TVs by 2015 and to start the operation of mobile services, known as LTE, in the same year, 2015.
To ensure the continuity of operation of televisions without prejudice to the broadcasters in operation or planned to come into operation, SET is conducting studies of reallocation of TV channels to the lower portion of the UHF band (470 to 698 MHz), channels 14 to 51, and at the same time, has decided to conduct researches in order to determine the effects of interferences by LTE’s base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) on households’ digital TV receivers in operation.
In this document, the Digital TV Research Laboratory of Mackenzie Presbyterian University presents the test procedures, the evaluation of the resulting interferences, and the determination of the protection ratios and the receivers’ overload thresholds of commercial digital TV receivers available in the market against LTE, BS, and UE operating in the adjacent frequency bands.
The tests to determine the protection ratio and the overload threshold of receivers for terrestrial digital TV standard follow the ITU-R Report BT.2215 – 2 (06/2012) "Measurements of Protection Ratios and Overload Thresholds for Broadcast TV Receivers", and the document ITU-R BT-.2247-2 (06/2013) "Field Measurement and Analysis of Compatibility between DTTB and IMT".
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
3GPP 3Rd (Third Generation Partnership Project) ABNT NBR Brazilian Standard approved by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio AGC Automatic Gain Control ANATEL National Telecommunications Agency ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses BER Bit Error Rate BS Base Station (Radio Base Station) CCDF Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function CH Channel C/N Signal to noise ratio CR Code Rate D/I Power ratio between the desired signal and undesired signals DTV Digital Television DVB Digital Video Broadcasting ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access FDD Frequency Division Duplex GI Guard Interval ICA Adjacent Channel Interference IMT International Mobile Telecommunications ISDB-T Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting – Terrestrial ITU-R International Telecommunication Union – Radiocommunication Sector LTE Long Term Evolution MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output MPEG Motion Picture Expert Group OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Oth Overload Threshold PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel PR Protection Ratio PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QEF Quasi-Error-Free
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QMP Quality Measurement Procedure RB Resource Block RF Radio Frequency RMS Root Mean Square SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access SFP Subjective Failure Point TDD Time Division Duplex TI Time Interleaving TOV Threshold of Visibility UHF Ultra High Frequency UE User Equipment (User Mobile Terminal) VHF Very High Frequency
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SUMMARY 1 CHARACTERIZATION OF TV RECEIVERS ...... 8 1.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 8 1.2 REFERENCES ...... 8 1.3 SET OF TESTS ...... 9 1.3.1 EQUIPMENT LIST ...... 10 1.3.2 TV RECEIVER PERFORMANCE TESTS ...... 11 1.3.3 INFORMATION ON TV RECEIVERS ...... 11 1.4 TEST CONDITIONS ...... 11 1.4.1 PARAMETERS OF MODULATION ...... 12 1.4.2 IMAGE QUALITY MEASUREMENT METHOD – QUASI-ERROR-FREE ...... 12 1.4.3 TEST CHANNEL FREQUENCY ...... 13 1.4.4 TEST ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS ...... 13 1.5 TV RECEIVER CHARACTERIZATION TEST PROCEDURES ...... 14 1.5.1 MINIMUM SIGNAL LEVEL AT RECEIVER INPUT IN GAUSSIAN CHANNEL ...... 14 1.5.2 MAXIMUM SIGNAL LEVEL AT THE INPUT OF THE RECEIVER ...... 16
1.5.3 IMMUNITY TO ISDB-TB ADJACENT CHANNELS INTERFERENCE ...... 19
1.5.4 IMMUNITY TO ISDB-TB CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE ...... 23 1.6 RESULTS OF TESTS OF CHARACTERIZATION OF TV RECEIVERS ...... 26 1.6.1 MINIMUM SIGNAL LEVEL: SENSITIVITY...... 26 1.6.2 MAXIMUM SIGNAL LEVEL ...... 29 1.6.3 CO-CHANNEL AND ADJACENT CHANNEL...... 32 1.6.4 CONCLUSION ...... 35 2 DETERMINATION OF LTE INTERFERENCE IN DIGITAL TELEVISION ...... 36 2.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 36 2.2 REFERENCES ...... 36 2.3 LTE MOBILE SYSTEM ...... 38 2.3.1 CHANNEL PLAN – CURRENT SITUATION ...... 38 2.3.1.1 CONDITIONS OF USE OF THE RANGE PROPOSED IN PUBLIC CONSULTATION NO. 12 ...... 40 2.4 SET OF TESTS ...... 41 2.4.1 LIST OF EQUIPMENT TO BE USED IN TESTING ...... 41
2.4.2 ISDB-TB RECEIVER ...... 41 2.4.3 PARAMETERS TO BE USED IN THE TESTS ...... 42 2.4.3.1 PARAMETERS OF THE DESIRED SIGNAL ...... 42 2.4.3.2 PARAMETERS OF THE INTERFERER SIGNAL ...... 42 2.4.4 MEASUREMENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF TIME-VARIANT INTERFERING SIGNAL ...... 50 2.4.5 REFERENCE POWER LEVEL OF LTE INTERFERER SIGNAL ...... 50 2.4.6 METHODS OF EVALUATING THE POINT OF FAILURE ...... 51 2.4.7 CONDITIONS OF TEST ENVIRONMENT ...... 51 2.5 TEST PROCEDURE OF ADJACENT CHANNEL LEAKAGE RATIO (ACLR) ...... 51
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2.5.1 IMPORTANCE OF MEASURING ...... 51 2.5.2 ACLR MEASUREMENTS ...... 53 2.7.1 ACLR ...... 60 2.7.3 UPLINK TOV MEASUREMENT RESULTS ...... 89 2.7.4 LTE CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE IN DIGITAL TELEVISION ...... 111 2.7.4.1 NECESSITY FOR MEASUREMENTS ...... 111 2.7.4.2 RESULTS OF TESTS ...... 111 2.7.5 ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS ...... 115 2.7.5.1 IMAGE CHANNEL INTERFERENCE ...... 115 2.7.5.2 INTERFERENCE DUE TO SPURIOUS LEAKAGE OF THE RECEIVER DOWN- CONVERTER ...... 116 2.7.5.3 INTERFERENCE BY LTE CHANNELS CLOSE TO THE TV CHANNELS DUE TO THE RECEIVER FILTERING SYSTEM ...... 116 2.7.5.4 UNSTABLE BEHAVIOR OF THE TV RECEIVER BEFORE A PULSED LTE INTERFERING SIGNAL ...... 117 2.7.5.5 DETERMINATION OF PR AND OTH VALUES FROM TOV MEASUREMENTS ...... 117 3 INTERFERENCE SCENARIOS ...... 124
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1 CHARACTERIZATION OF TV RECEIVERS
1.1 Introduction
This set of tests aims at establishing a methodology to assess the conformity of the ISDB-TB DTV receivers available on the market, such as the preliminary stage of a process to determine the protection ratio (PR) and the overload threshold (Oth) of these receivers in the presence of cellular mobile communication signals on adjacent channels just above the TV transmission frequency band.
1.2 References
[1] ABNT NBR 15601:2007.
[2] ABNT NBR 15602-1:2007.
[3] ABNT NBR 15602-2:2007.
[4] ABNT NBR 15602-3:2007.
[5] ABNT NBR 15603 2D1:2009.
[6] ABNT NBR 15603 2D2:2009.
[7] ABNT NBR 15603 2D3:2009.
[8] ABNT NBR 15604:2007Vc2008.
[9] ABNT NBR 15608 2D1:2008.
[10] ARIB STD-B21 Version 4.6, Receiver for Digital Broadcasting.
[11] ARIB STD-B31 Version 1.6, Transmission System for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting.
[12] Magazine Mackenzie of Engineering and Computing, Year 5, Number 5, São Paulo, 2004; System of Digital TV – Procedure of Measures.
[13] Unified NorDig's Test Specifications for Integrated Receiver Decoders (IRD); see 1.03 .
[14] Final Report SET/ABERT on Digital Television Systems Tests.
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1.3 Set of Tests
These tests should be conducted under controlled laboratory conditions and within a Faraday cage so as to avoid additional interferences beside the ones under control. An external photo of the Faraday cage is shown in Error! Reference source not found. and an internal photo in
Figure 2: Inside view of the Faraday cage.
Figure 1: Outside view of the Faraday cage
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Figure 2: Inside view of the Faraday cage
1.3.1 Equipment List
There is a variety of equipment available for the tests, and it will be adopted since the required parameters and the accuracy are met. The list of major items of equipment is shown below:
i. Video Source: digital video source Tektronix MTX 100
ii. Modulator: Eiden OFDM modulator – 3501C
iii. Modulator: Rohde & Schwarz SFU broadcast test system
iv. Attenuator: Rohde & Schwarz step attenuator RSP 831.3515.02
v. Combiner: Mini-Circuits power splitter ZSC – 2-4+
vi. Divider: Mini-Circuits power splitter ZSC – 2-4+ vii. Analyzer: Rohde & Schwarz FSV7
Note: See Annex 1 for additional information on the combiner, splitter, and impedance adapter.
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1.3.2 TV Receiver Performance Tests
The objective of this test is to assess the performance of the receiver when subjected to different input signals in the antenna input port. The detail of such tests is presented from the Section1.5 onward.
1.3.3 Information on TV Receivers
Table 1: TV Receivers.
Receiver A B C D E F
Type Integrated Integrated Integrated Integrated STB STB
Year of 2010 2012 2008 2007 2012 2013 manufacture
Silicon Silicon Silicon Technology Can tuner Can tuner Can tuner tuner tuner tuner
“Can tuners” are classic superheterodyne architecture receivers implemented with discrete components housed in a metal shielded box to minimize radio frequency (RF) signal interference, external couplings with other modules of the receiver, and spurious radiation. The can tuners of ISDB-T receivers respect the Intermediate Frequency (IF) of 44 MHz recommended in the Brazilian Standards [8]. They are typically constructed with fixed and tunable circuits composed of transistors, inductors, and capacitors and frequency-controlled via varactor diodes.
In “silicon tuners” all the tuning processes (LNA, frequency synthesizers, mixers, and filters) are implemented in an integrated circuit mounted directly on the main board of the receiver. The silicon chip can be shielded from external electromagnetic interference by a metal cover. Silicon tuners are devices with more advanced technology than can tuners and continue to evolve technologically with regard to both the tuning process itself and the expansion of the integration level at the systemic level, so that in some implementations they incorporate the demodulator chip in addition to the tuner.
1.4 Test Conditions
The receivers must meet the Brazilian Digital TV System Standards shown in references of Section1.2.
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1.4.1 Parameters of Modulation
The default setting used in the tests has the following parameters:
Mode: 3 [8K]
Layers: 1 × layer, 13 segments
Modulation: 64 QAM
Convolutional Encoder Rate (FEC): CR = 3/4
Guard Interval: GI = 1/8;
Time Interleaving: TI = 200 ms.
1.4.2 Image Quality Measurement Method – Quasi-Error-Free
The methods used in the evaluation of the image quality in the tests described here are subjective and indirect. These methods are described in Ref. [13], Item 2.3.2, page 31, and correspond to the decoding errors observed (artifacts) on the television screen during a certain time interval.
There are two methods to consider:
a) Method 1 (QMP1 in Ref. [13]): Errors must not be observed during the observation of the image in a time interval of 15 seconds. The boundary condition occurs when there is no error in the image in the first 15 seconds. This boundary condition is defined as quasi- error-free (QEF).
b) Method 2 (QMP2 in Ref. [13]): The same procedure is used as for (a), but with an observation interval of 60 seconds. The boundary condition is also called QEF.
This subjective method of assessment corresponds to an error rate of 2 × 10-4 after the Viterbi decoder.
In these measurements the application of the QEF method is performed by varying the level of interference signal while observing the image of the "dynamic zone plate", presented in Error! Reference source not found., on the screen of the receivers under test. The dynamic zone plate is an image pattern composed of multiple circles that move closer toward the center continuously.
Starting from the normal reception condition, the interference is increased, acting on the Digital Television (DTV) signal or interferer signal variable attenuator, until the point at which artifacts or defects on the image are observed. The point where artifacts start to occur in the image is also called the Threshold of Visibility (TOV).
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The DTV signal level or the level of interference signal (depending on the measurement that is being performed) is then varied around this condition in steps of 0.1 dB. Then observation method 1 or 2 above is applied. The process is repeated until it reaches the boundary condition, when the result is recorded.
In general, method 2 is used. if method 1 is used, the fact shall be mentioned in the body of the text of the report.
Figure 3: Image pattern for test
1.4.3 Test Channel Frequency
The central frequencies of the digital channels (with positive shift of 1/7 MHz) of very high frequency (VHF) and ultra high frequency (UHF) bands are listed in Standard ABNT NBR 15604 [8], item 7.2.4, on page 13.
In the tests described in section 1.5, the center channel and channels in the extremes of the band are preferably used. The tested channels are explicitly cited in each test report.
Due to the main objective, which is the determination of the receivers’ PR against the introduction of mobile systems in the range of 698 to 806 MHz, the upper extreme channel to be considered is channel 51.
1.4.4 Test Environment Conditions
"The tests should be conducted under conditions of normal operation at ambient temperature in the range of 15° C to 45° C and humidity of 45% to 90%, without the impediment of natural ventilation and with power supply voltages between 0.9 to 1.1 times the nominal value," according to the Standard ABNT NBR in 15604 [8]. Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 14 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Note: The tests should be carried out with all the measuring equipment for signal reception, including the TV receiver under test, inside a Faraday cage, so as to eliminate any interference from external signals.
1.5 TV Receiver Characterization Test Procedures
The TV receiver characterization tests were performed with six samples of DTV receivers acquired on the retail market. See Table Table 1.
1.5.1 Minimum Signal Level at Receiver Input in Gaussian Channel
I) Requirements
The receiver must have a satisfactory performance for input signals in the supported frequency range with minimum signal values equal to or better than those indicated in TableTable 2 of the specifications.
The receiver has to provide reception in the QEF condition for these measured values.
The minimum level of the input signal was calculated for a noise figure in the receiver of 10 dB and a thermal noise power of –106.4 dBm. These values are given by ABNT NBR 15604:2007, Annex C, Table C.1 (minimum input level).
Note: A value of the minimum signal level at the receiver input of –77 dBm is considered, as recommended by item 7.2.5, page 16 of ABNT NBR 15604:2007.
Table 2: Minimum Signal Level
Minimum Signal Level at Receiver Input Profile 1: Gaussian Channel
Channel Receiver
14 -77 dBm
15 -77 dBm
⁞ -77 dBm
50 -77 dBm
51 -77 dBm
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II) Test Set Up – TV
Figure 4: Setup for minimum signal level Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 16 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
III) Procedure
a. Use the test setup shown in Figure 4;
b. Modulator configuration: mode 3, 1 × layer A = 13 segments, 64 QAM, CR =3/4, GI = 1/8, I = 2;
c. Adjust the modulator in CH 14 (473.143 MHz);
d. Adjust the attenuator until a signal power of –40 dBm is read on the signal analyzer;
e. Tune the receiver to the desired channel and check that the QEF condition is not reached;
f. Adjust the attenuator, increasing its attenuation until the receiver reaches the QEF limit condition;
g. Read the value on the signal analyzer, then subtracte 5.7 dB from this value (impedance matching device loss), and note the result in Error! Reference source not found. below;
h. Repeat the test for the other channels indicated in Error! Reference source not found..
Table 3: Minimum Signal Level
Minimum Signal Level at Receiver Input Profile 1: Gaussian Channel
Channel Receiver
14
15
⁞
50
51
1.5.2 Maximum Signal Level at the Input of the Receiver
I) Requirement
The receiver must have a satisfactory performance for input signals within the supported frequencies range with maximum signal values equal to or better than those indicated in Error! Reference source not found..
The maximum level of the input signal is defined by ABNT NBR 15604:2007, section7.2.5.
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Note: A value of the level of the input signal equal to or greater than –20 dBm is considered, as recommended by item 7.2.5, page 26 of ABNT NBR 15604:2007.
Table 4: Minimum Signal Level
Maximum Signal Level at Receiver Input (dBm)
Profile 1: Gaussian Channel
Channel Receiver
14 -20
15 -20
⁞ -20
50 -20
51 -20
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II) Test Setup - TV
Figure 5: Setup for maximum signal level
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III) Test Procedure
a) Connect all equipment as shown in item (II) above;
b) Use the default setting: mode 3, 64 QAM, CR = 3/4, ∆/TU = 1/8, TI = 200 ms;
c) Adjust the modulator for channel 14 (473.143 MHz);
d) Acting on the attenuator, adjust the signal to a value below –20 dBm on the signal analyzer;
e) Tune the receiver to the desired channel and check that the QEF condition is not reached;
f) Acting on the attenuator, decrease its attenuation until the QEF condition is reached;
g) With the signal analyzer, measure the strength of the signal and subtract 5.7 dB from this value. The result should be noted in Table Table 5;
h) Repeat the test for the other channels listed in Table Table 5
Table 5: Maximum Signal Level
Maximum Signal Level at Receiver Input (dBm)
Profile 1: Gaussian Channel
Channel Receiver
14
15
⁞
50
51
1.5.3 Immunity to ISDB-TB Adjacent Channels Interference
I) Requirement
A receiver tuned to channel-N should allow the interference by a digital ISDB-TB upper (N+1) adjacent channel and lower (N –1) adjacent channel, up to the values of the protection ratio D/I (dB) or smaller, in accordance with section7.2.6, “Selectivity – Protection Ratio", Table 5 of the ABNT 15604:2007 Standard. In this evaluation we consider the protection measures for all channels of UHF TV between channels 14 and 51. As the ABNT NBR 15604:2007 defines the protection ratios of DTV against the interference of its own signals for the co-channel and upper and lower adjacent channels, we adopted the UHF 33 channel as the desired channel, and we Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 20 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013 adopted the same specifications for the lower adjacent channel (N – 1) and upper adjacent channel (N + 1) as for the channels below 32 and above 34. D is the value in decibel-milliwatts of the desired signal and I is the value in decibel-milliwatts of the interferer signal. The measurement of the D/I ratio supported by a receiver is performed using the QEF criterion.
The requirements set in this sectionrefer to the default configuration except by time interleaving: Mode 3, 64 QAM, CR = 3/4, ∆/TU = 1/8, TI = 0 ms.
Note: The minimum values of the protection ratio presented in Table 5 on page 16 of the ABNT NBR 15604:2007 Standard are specified for the reference configuration of mode 3, 64 QAM modulation, guard band 1/8, CR = 3/4, and without "time interleaving".
Table 6: ISDB-TB Adjacent Channel Protection Ratio
Protection Ratio D/I (dB)
Interferer Channel Receiver
N – 19 -26
N – 18 -26
⁞ -26
N – 2 -26
N – 1 -26
N + 1 -29
N + 2 -29
⁞ -29
N + 17 -29
N + 18 -29
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II) Test Setup
Figure 6: ISDB-TB adjacent channel interference test setup Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 22 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
III) Test Procedure
a) Connect the equipment as shown in item (II) above;
b) The video signal of the interferer channel I and interfered channel D must be the dynamic "zone plate"; however these signals must be not correlated;
c) All digital channels used in the test (interfering and desired) have a positive frequency shift of 1/7 MHz;
d) Configure the two ISDB-TB modulators for the specified configuration. Use the default
setting, that is, mode 3, 64 QAM, CR = 3/4, ∆/TU = 1/8;
e) Adjust the modulator of desired channel D for the channel 33 (587.143 MHz);
f) Adjust the modulator of interferer channel I for channel 34 (593.143 MHz – upper adjacent N + 1);
g) Acting on attenuator 2, the branch of the interferer channel, adjust it to the position of maximum attenuation;
h) Acting on attenuator 1, the branch of the desired channel, adjust it so that a value of –61 dBm is read on the signal analyzer. The image at the receiver must be perfect.
i) Acting on attenuator 2, decrease its attenuation until the condition of QEF is reached;
j) Acting on attenuator 1, adjust it to the position of maximum attenuation and read the level of the interfering signal on the signal analyzer. This level is equal to I (dBm);
k) The protection ratio D/I (dB) can be calculated by the expression: D/I (dB) = –61 – I (dBm)
l) Note that in Table Error! Reference source not found. the value found for the D channel = 33. Repeat the tests for the other channels specified.
Table 7: ISDB-TB Adjacent Channel Protection Ratio
Protection Ratio D/I (dB)
Interferer Channel Receiver
N – 19
N – 18
⁞
N – 2
N – 1
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Protection Ratio D/I (dB)
Interferer Channel Receiver
N + 1
N + 2
⁞
N + 17
N+18
1.5.4 Immunity to ISDB-TB Co-Channel Interference
I) Requirement
The sensitivity to digital TV signal co-channel interference is defined as the ratio between the power of the desired digital signal and the power of the interfering signal, D/I (dB), required to reach the QEF condition in the reception. The receiver must have a protection ratio of +24 dB or less according to Table 5 of ABNT NBR 15604:2007 (page 16).
The requirements of this sectioncorrespond to the default configuration except with time interleaving: mode 3, 64 QAM, CR = 3/4, ∆/TU =1/8 with time interleaving, TI = 0 ms.
Table 8: ISDB-TB Co-Channel Interference Protection Ratio
Protection Ratio D/I (dB)
CH 33 +24
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II) Test Setup
Figure 7: ISDB-TB co-channel interference test setup
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III) Test Procedure
a) Connect the equipment as shown in item (II) above;
b) The video signal of the interferer channel I and interfered channel D must be the dynamic "zone plate"; however these signals must be not correlated;
c) All digital channels used in the test (interfering and desired) have a positive frequency shift of 1/7 MHz;
d) Configure the two ISDB-TB modulators for the specified configuration. Use the default
setting, that is, mode 3, 64 QAM, CR = 3/4, ∆/TU = 1/8; and "time interleaving" equal to 0 (zero);
e) Adjust the modulator of the desired channel D to the frequency of channel 33 (587.143 MHz);
f) Adjust the modulator of the interferer channel I to the frequency of channel 33 (587.143 MHz);
g) Acting on attenuator 2, adjust it to the position of maximum attenuation;
h) Acting on attenuator 1 (desired signal), adjust its attenuation until the analyzer signal indicates a level of –36 dBm.
i) Acting on attenuator 2 (interferer signal), decrease its attenuation until the receiver reaches the QEF condition;
j) Acting on attenuator 1, adjust it to the position of maximum attenuation and read the interferer signal level I (dBm) on the signal analyzer;
k) Determine the protection ratio D/I (dB) using the equation below:
D/I (dB) = –36 (dBm) – I (dBm)
l) Record the result in Table 9.
Table 9: ISDB-TB Co-Channel Interference Protection Ratio Protection Ratio D/I (dB) Channel Receiver 33
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1.6 Results of Tests of Characterization of TV Receivers
This section presents the results of the laboratory tests in relation to the performance characterization of the receivers, as presented in Section 1.5.
The results are divided into minimum and maximum signal levels and co-channel and adjacent channel interferences and are presented in tables and graphs.
1.6.1 Minimum Signal Level: Sensitivity
The results are presented in Table 10 and plotted in Figure 8.
I) Table of Results
Table 10: Minimum Signal Level
Minimum Signal Level at Receiver Input (dBm) Profile 1 : Gaussian Channel Channel A B C D E F 14 -80.9 -83.8 -81.5 -83.1 -86.2 -83.5 15 -80.9 -83.8 -81.9 -83.4 -86.0 -83.3 16 -80.9 -83.3 -81.9 -83.0 -85.4 -83.7 17 -80.8 -83.1 -81.5 -83.0 -84.4 -83.8 18 -80.4 -83.1 -81.3 -82.8 -83.9 -83.1 19 -80.9 -82.9 -81.6 -83.0 -84.2 -84.2 20 -80.9 -82.9 -81.4 -82.8 -84.6 -84.0 21 -81.0 -82.2 -81.6 -83.3 -84.7 -83.8 22 -80.9 -82.6 -81.9 -83.1 -84.9 -83.7 23 -80.6 -82.3 -81.8 -83.1 -84.9 -83.8 24 -79.7 -82.1 -81.4 -83.1 -84.7 -83.6 25 -79.7 -82.4 -81.6 -83.2 -85.0 -83.6 26 -81.0 -81.9 -81.5 -83.7 -85.2 -83.6 27 -81.0 -82.0 -81.8 -83.3 -85.2 -83.9 28 -80.9 -82.2 -81.5 -83.3 -85.2 -84.1 29 -80.7 -81.6 -81.9 -83.1 -85.1 -83.7 30 -80.7 -82.7 -81.2 -83.4 -85.1 -84.1 31 -79.8 -82.5 -82.1 -83.1 -85.1 -82.5 32 -80.8 -82.9 -81.5 -83.4 -85.2 -84.2 33 -80.7 -83.2 -80.8 -83.4 -85.1 -83.8 34 -80.7 -83.2 -81.8 -83.2 -85.0 -83.6 35 -80.0 -83.6 -81.4 -82.7 -85.0 -83.5
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Minimum Signal Level at Receiver Input (dBm) Profile 1 : Gaussian Channel Channel A B C D E F 36 -80.5 -83.8 -81.6 -83.4 -85.1 -81.6 37 ------38 -79.7 -84.0 -81.6 -83.3 -85.0 -83.6 39 -80.7 -83.8 -81.6 -83.0 -85.0 -83.8 40 -80.7 -83.7 -80.6 -83.3 -85.1 -83.9 41 -80.7 -83.6 -81.4 -83.3 -85.0 -83.5 42 -80.8 -83.4 -81.3 -83.4 -85.0 -82.5 43 -80.5 -83.7 -81.4 -83.2 -85.0 -83.9 44 -80.7 -83.1 -81.3 -83.0 -85.0 -83.7 45 -81.0 -83.1 -81.1 -83.2 -85.0 -83.8 46 -80.6 -82.6 -81.4 -83.0 -85.1 -83.5 47 -80.7 -82.7 -81.4 -83.3 -84.9 -83.5 48 -80.5 -82.2 -81.0 -82.7 -85.0 -82.6 49 -80.4 -82.2 -81.2 -83.0 -85.1 -83.3 50 -80.6 -82.1 -81.5 -82.8 -84.9 -83.5 51 -80.5 -81.7 -81.2 -83.1 -85.0 -83.7
I) Compliance
Description Yes No The receiver is IN ACCORDANCE with the test item 1.5.1 X
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II) Results Graph
Figure 8: Minimum signal level.
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1.6.2 Maximum Signal Level
The results are shown in Error! Reference source not found. and plotted in Figure 9.
I) Results Table
Table 11: Maximum Signal Level Maximum Signal Level at Receiver Input (dBm)1 Profile 1: Gaussian Channel Channel A B C D E F 14 -6,5 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 15 -6.7 >1.3 0.9 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 16 -7.0 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 17 -7.2 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 18 -7.2 >1.3 0.8 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 19 -7.3 >1.3 0.9 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 20 -7.4 >1.3 0.6 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 21 -7.3 >1.3 0.8 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 22 -7.5 >1.3 0.5 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 23 -7.5 >1.3 0.8 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 24 -7.8 >1.3 0.5 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 25 -7.5 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 26 -7.5 >1.3 0.6 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 27 -7.4 >1.3 0.4 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 28 -7.3 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 29 -7.1 >1.3 0.4 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 30 -7.2 0.6 0.5 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 31 -7.0 >1.3 0.2 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 32 -6.8 >1.3 0.2 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 33 -6.8 >1.3 0.6 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 34 -6.8 >1.3 0.6 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 35 -6.7 >1.3 0.1 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 36 -6.8 >1.3 0.7 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3
1 Note: The cells with values >1.3 in Error! Reference source not found. indicate that the receiver did not achieve the TOV condition because the maximum level of output permitted by the test setup was reached. For the TV signal the maximum power was 1.3 dBm.
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Maximum Signal Level at Receiver Input (dBm)1 Profile 1: Gaussian Channel Channel A B C D E F 37 ------38 -6.7 >1.3 0.7 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 39 -6.8 >1.3 0.1 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 40 -6.8 >1.3 0.6 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 41 -7.0 >1.3 0.5 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 42 -7.1 >1.3 0.7 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 43 -7.0 >1.3 0.8 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 44 -7.3 >1.3 0.4 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 45 -7.2 >1.3 0.5 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 46 -7.3 >1.3 0.5 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 47 -7.4 >1.3 0.5 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 48 -7.4 >1.3 0.5 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 49 -7.4 >1.3 0.4 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 50 -7.5 >1.3 0.1 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3 51 -7.6 >1.3 0.5 >1.3 >1.3 >1.3
II) Compliance
III)
Description Yes No
The receiver is IN ACCORDANCE with the test item 1.5.2 X
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IV) Graph of Results
Figure 9: Maximum signal level Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 32 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
1.6.3 Co-Channel and Adjacent Channel
The results are shown in Table 12 and plotted in Figure 10.
I) Table of Results
Table 12: ISDB-TB Co-channel and adjacent channel protection ratio.
Protection Ratio D/I (dB) Channel A B C D E F Interferer N – 19 -52.6 -52.0 -54.8 -51.8 -53.2 -56.0
+N – 18 -52.5 -52.2 -53.9 -52.0 -53.1 -55.6
N – 17 -52.3 -52.7 -54.0 -52.0 -52.9 -55.3
N – 16 -51.8 -52.4 -52.9 -51.8 -52.4 -55.4
N – 15 -51.3 -52.2 -53.8 -51.6 -52.4 -55.1
N – 14 -51.3 -51.9 -53.6 -51.7 -52.0 -55.1
N – 13 -50.3 -51.8 -53.3 -51.5 -52.1 -55.0
N – 12 -49.6 -51.7 -53.9 -51.3 -53.2 -55.1
N – 11 -49.5 -51.5 -53.4 -51.1 -53.1 -54.8
N – 10 -46.7 -50.3 -50.0 -49.5 -50.8 -52.3
N – 9 -45.5 -49.3 -49.9 -48.7 -50.4 -51.4
N – 8 -44.1 -49.2 -48.4 -48.1 -50.4 -51.3
N – 7 -43.1 -49.0 -50.4 -47.6 -50.2 -51.3
N – 6 -46.6 -48.9 -50.1 -45.3 -50.3 -51.6
N – 5 -44.1 -48.8 -50.3 -45.3 -50.3 -51.8
N – 4 -43.0 -48.0 -50.2 -43.0 -50.4 -52.2
N – 3 -44.3 -47.7 -49.2 -50.4 -49.5 -52.4
N – 2 -40.9 47.1 -45.9 -49.8 -48.1 -52.0
N – 1 -35.7 -42.3 -40.6 -40.8 -44.7 -48.8
N 18.29 17.7 17.7 18.2 16.9 17.7
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Protection Ratio D/I (dB) Channel A B C D E F Interferer N + 1 -37.3 -38.4 -40.7 -37.3 -35.7 -46.9
N + 2 -43.8 -46.8 -47.6 -46.1 -43.9 -50.5
N + 3 -46.5 -47.7 -50.9 -43.4 -48.0 -50.8
N + 4 -36.2 -48.0 -49.8 -45.7 -49.1 -50.8
N + 5 -37.2 -48.0 -50.0 -47.2 -49.4 -50.5
N + 6 -44.9 -48.0 -49.7 -49.0 -49.5 -50.3
N + 7 -34.2 -47.7 -48.9 -46.9 -49.2 -49.9
N + 8 -47.7 -47.8 -49.1 -48.7 -49.3 -49.5
N + 9 -47.7 -47.8 -48.7 -48.5 -49.1 -49.3
N + 10 -48.4 -48.3 -49.5 -49.5 -49.9 -50.8
N + 11 -51.2 -50.2 -52.1 -52.0 -52.0 -53.5
N + 12 -51.5 -50.3 -52.3 -52.1 -52.4 -53.6
N + 13 -51.5 -50.2 -51.5 -52.2 -52.5 -53.2
N + 14 -40.8 -50.4 -47.6 -45.9 -51.9 -52.8
N + 15 -40.7 -50.5 -46.9 -43.4 -52.5 -53.4
N + 16 -51.3 -50.6 -52.2 -40.0 -52.3 -53.6
N + 17 -51.4 -50.7 -52.2 -52.0 -51.8 -53.7
N + 18 -51.5 -50.2 -51.8 -52.3 -52.3 -53.8
II) Compliance
Description Yes No
The receiver is IN ACCORDANCE with the test item 1.5.3 X
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III) Graph of Results
Figure 10: ISDB-TB interferer channels protection ratios
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1.6.4 Conclusion
It is recommended that the receivers should be in conformity with ABNT NBR 15604. As the results presented regarding characterization are in accordance with the Standard, the receivers can be tested against the interference of LTE signals. Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 36 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
2 DETERMINATION OF LTE INTERFERENCE IN DIGITAL TELEVISION
2.1 Introduction
The determination of the Protection Ratio (PR) and Overload Threshold (Oth) of ISDB-TB receivers in the presence of LTE mobile systems’ adjacent channel interferences will be carried out by means of laboratory tests using ISDB-TB sample receivers purchased on the market; the sample receivers’ performance should be checked to make sure that they meet the requirements of existing ABNT Standards.
The interference signals of LTE mobile systems are generated by vector signal generators, whose performance is recognized by the mobile telephony market, in varied conditions specified throughout the development of this document. However, for accuracy of results, the signal at the output of the generators will be tested to make sure that they comply with the specifications of spectral emission determined by ITU-R Recommendations and by ETSI Standards generated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). See section 2.4.7.
With the PR and Oth levels of ISDB-TB receivers determined in the laboratory, we can move on to check the effect of the interference caused by the equipment of cellular mobile systems, specifically the LTE systems, on the different modalities of systems of terrestrial DTV reception operating in the UHF band.
The LTE mobile systems considered in the tests will be those that incorporate the technologies specified by 3GPP Release 9 to 11, with the exception of MIMO technology, which will not be covered in these tests. See Section 3.
2.2 References
[1] Recommendation ITU-R M. 2012 – Detailed specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT-Advanced).
[2] Recommendation ITUR M. 1036 – Frequency arrangements for implementation of the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in the bands identified for IMT in the Radio Regulations (RR).
[3] Recommendation ITU-R BT.2033 – Planning criteria, including protection ratios, for second generation of digital terrestrial television broadcasting systems in the VHF/UHF bands.
[4] Report ITUR M. 2074 – Radio aspects for the terrestrial component of IMT2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000.
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[5] Report ITU-R BT.2215 -2 – Measurements of protection ratios and overload thresholds for broadcast TV receivers.
[6] Document ITU-R 6A/ 235-E – Proposed modifications to report ITU-R BTY.2247 -1 – "Study on interference between ISDB-T and IMT in the 700 MHz band".
[7] ETSI TS 125,101 V11.4.0 (2013-02) – User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25,101, version 11.4.0, update release 11).
[8] ETSI TS.125.104 V11.4.0 (2013-02) – Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25,104, version 11.4.0, update release 11).
[9] ETSI TS 136,101 V11.3.0 (2013-02) – Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E- UTRA) – User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36,101, version 11.3.0, release 11).
[10] ETSI TS.136.104 V11.3.1 (2013-02) – Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E- UTRA) – Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36,104, version 11.3.1, release 11).
[11] ERA Technology Report 2010 – 0026 (Issue 2) – LTE Interference into Domestic Digital Television Systems.
[12] ECC REPORT 148 – Measurements on the Performance of DVB-T receivers in the presence of interference from the mobile service (especially from LTE) – Marseille, June 2010.
[13] ABNT NBR 15604:2007Vc2008.
[14] ABNT NBR 15608 2D1:2008.
[15] ABNT NBR 15602-1:2007.
[16] ABNT NBR 15602-2:2007.
[17] ABNT NBR 15602-3:2007.
[18] ABNT NBR 15603 2D1:2009.
[19] ABNT NBR 15603 2D2:2009.
[20] ABNT NBR 15603 2D3:2009.
[21] ABNT NBR 15604:2007Vc2008.
[22] ABNT NBR 15608 2D1:2008.
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2.3 LTE Mobile System
2.3.1 Channel Plan – Current Situation
Anatel issued Public Consultation No. 12, "Proposal for the Regulatory Council on the Conditions of Use of Radio frequencies, in the Range of 698 MHz to 806 MHz", on February 27, 2013. The arrangement of frequencies2 for mobile systems to be implemented in this band of 700 MHz, proposed by the Ministry of Communications and Anatel, is the one defined in options A5 and A6 of Table 3 of Recommendation ITU-R M 1036-4, according to Tables I and II of the Annex to the Public Consultation, reproduced below.
ANNEX TO PUBLIC CONSULTATION No. 12
Table I: Radiofrequency Sub-Band Blocks.
Transmission from the Block No. Transmission from the Mobile Base/Nodal/Repeater Station Station/Terminal (MHz) (MHz)
1 703 to 708 758 to 763
2 708 to 713 763 to 768
3 713 to 718 768 to 773
4 718 to 723 773 to 778
5 723 to 728 778 to 783
6 728 to 733 783 to 788
7 733 to 738 788 to 793
8 738 to 743 793 to 798
9 743 to 748 798 to 803
2 On November 11, 2013, Anatel published Resolution 625/2013 approving the "Assignment, Destination and Regulation on Conditions of Radiofrequencies Use in the Range of 698 MHz to 806 MHz". As this work began before the publication of Resolution 625/2013, in this section we report the content of public Consultation No. 12, on which we base all tests. However, the contents of the Public Consultation and Resolution 625/2013 are such that the entire work, as well as the results, is still valid. Differences of bandwidths of the LTE channel can be adapted to each specific condition of bandwidth, since the effect of interference is based on the spectral density of the signal interferer, allowing the correction of the results for different channel bandwidths and total power of the LTE interferer signal.
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Transmission from the Block No. Transmission from the Mobile Base/Nodal/Repeater Station Station/Terminal (MHz) (MHz)
Table II: Blocks of the Sub-Bands that can be Operated in Different Conditions
Block No. Channelization (MHz)
10 698 to 703
11 748 to 758
12 803 to 806
Figure 11 and Figure 12 provide an overview of the proposed situation in the frequency range 698 to 806 MHz.
Figure 11: LTE FDD channel arrangement
Figure 12: LTE TDD channel arrangement
Considering the channel proposal of Public Consultation and Recommendation ITU-R M 1036-4, in blocks 10, 11, and 12 only Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems can be operated; there is no definition of paired blocks for operating Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems.
On the other hand, Table 5.5-1 “E-UTRA Operating Bands” of Standard ETSI TS 136 101 V11.3.0 (2013-02) [7] states that the bands 28 (FDD) and 44 (TDD), which correspond to the frequency bands chosen by Brazil, should operate from 703 to 803 MHz. The same table is Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 40 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013 presented in the Standard ETSI TS 136 104 V11.3.1 (2013-02) [8]. This means that there will be no radio base station or user equipment available to operate on blocks 10 and 12.
2.3.1.1 Conditions of Use of the Range Proposed in Public Consultation No. 12
a) The frequency blocks contained in Table I of the Public Consultation No. 12 may be used in aggregate form.
b) The same supplier or its controlled or controlling affiliated company in the same area of service provision will be allowed to operate in the frequency sub-bands of the Annex of the Public Consultation No. 12 up to a total maximum of 20 MHz in each direction of transmission. The quantity of blocks of 5 MHz to be granted per carrier will be defined in the bidding to be performed.
c) The output power of one transmitter in the station should be the minimum required to achieve the service with good quality and adequate reliability, and it should be less than:
i. 46 dBm, measured at the output of the transmitter, and 60 dBm of e.r.p. power for base, nodal, or repeater stations; and
ii. 40 dBm, measured at the output of the transmitter, and 45 dBm of e.r.p. power for mobile stations, vehicles, and terminals.
d) In accordance with the blocks determined in Table I of Annex A, undesirable emissions for systems employing digital modulation should be attenuated by at least 25 dB in relation to the level of the block’s average power, decreasing linearly until:
i. 40 dB is reached at 250 kHz of the block’s ends; and
ii. 60 dB is reached at 3 MHz of the block’s ends.
iii. Any other frequency emissions must be attenuated by at least 60 dB.
iv. The maximum spurious emission level in the bands 54–118 and 174–230 MHz and
v. 470–698 MHz should be, at most, –47 dBm, measured at a resolution of 100 kHz.
vi. The spurious signals emissions outside the transmission range, when the transmitter is idle, must be less than –47 dBm at any frequency within the limits of 100 kHz and 12.75 GHz, measured with a resolution of 100 kHz.
Considering the channel arrangement of the Public Consultation No. 12 of February 27, 2013, dividing the band of 703 to 803 MHz into several blocks of 5 MHz, and considering that the details of the blocks submitted to auction will be determined in the Tender Document, that one service provider should be granted no more than 20 MHz of bandwidth, that the service providers
Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 41 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013 should transmit LTE signals with at least 5 MHz of bandwidth, and that one possible configuration would be three providers sharing the entire range of 45 MHz × 2, each with a bandwidth of 15 MHz × 2, it was decided that the LTE interfering signals used in tests with the DTV receivers shall consider only FDD system signals, due to the uncertainty of the use of TDD systems by means of Public Consultation No. 12.
2.4 Set of Tests
These tests should be conducted under controlled laboratory conditions and within a Faraday cage so as to avoid interference from other sources besides the planned sources.
The objective of this test is to evaluate the performance of the receiver when subjected to LTE interference signals in the input of the receiving antenna. The detail of such tests is presented in section 2.4.7.
2.4.1 List of Equipment to be Used in Testing
There is a variety of equipment available for the tests, which will be adopted provided that it meets the parameters and the accuracy required. The list of major equipment is shown below:
i. Video source: Tektronix digital video source MTX 100;
ii. Vector signal generator: Rohde & Schwarz SMU200A;
iii. Modulator: Eiden OFDM modulator 3501C;
iv. Step attenuator: Rohde & Schwarz RSP 831.3515.02 ;
v. Filter: Microwave Filter Co., Inc. full band pass filter;
vi. Amplifier: Itelco RF amplifier; vii. Combiner: Mini-Circuits power splitter ZSC enable-2-4+; viii. Divisor: Mini-Circuits power splitter ZSC enable-2-4+;
ix. Analyzer: Rohde & Schwarz FSV7.
Note: For additional information concerning the combiner, splitter, impedance matching adapter, amplifier, and filter, see Annex 1 and Annex 2
2.4.2 ISDB-TB Receiver
The ISDB-TB TV receivers will be tested in all channels of UHF between channels 14 and 51. Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 42 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
2.4.3 Parameters to Be Used in the Tests
It is established that:
Desired signal: Signal from DTV standards
Interference signal: Signal from mobile LTE system
2.4.3.1 Parameters of the Desired Signal
The default setting used in tests has the following parameters:
Mode: 3 (8K);
Layer: 1 × Layer, 13 segments;
Modulation: 64 QAM;
Convolutional encoder rate (FEC): CR = 3/4;
Guard interval: GI = 1/8;
Time interleaving: TI = 200 ms.
The PR and the Oth are obtained by means of C(I) curves. For this purpose, the level of the desired signal will be varied from a level close to the threshold of reception of the TV receivers up to higher levels of reception. The levels established shall be –77, –70, –60, –50, –40, –30, and –20 dBm.
2.4.3.2 Parameters of the Interferer Signal
Only FDD systems signals will be considered.
The interference signal follows one of the settings below for the downlink or uplink:
I) Downlink
Three adjacent channels of 15 MHz, in carrier aggregation, occupying the frequency range of 758 to 803 MHz, with all the Resource Blocks (RBs) occupied by users.
The parameters of the configured signals are presented in Figure 13 and Figure 14:
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All RBs scheduled simultaneously with PN9, with 64 QAM modulation, as shown in Figure 13 and Figure 17.
Figure 13: Downlink frame configuration
Allocation map of RBs, according to Figure 14: the horizontal axis represents the time in milliseconds, while the vertical axis represents the RBs.
Figure 14: OFDMA temporal plane
Envelope of the signal in time (period of 10 ms), as seen in Figure 15. Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 44 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Figure 15: Downlink signal waveform
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF): Function of distribution of the amplitude of the envelope of the modulated signal, observed in Figure 16.
Figure 16: Downlink CCDF
OFDM signal spectrum: LTE downlink, illustrated in Figure 17.
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Figure 17: Downlink signal spectrum
II) Uplink
A 15 MHz channel, occupying the frequency range of 703 to 718 MHz, in pulsed mode, with Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal occupying all RBs of the first sub-frame of 1 ms duration and no signal in the subsequent 9 ms, completing a 10 ms frame.
The parameters of the configured signals are presented in Figure 18 to Figure 25.
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Configuration of the signal: only PUSCH, with 75 RBs activated during the first sub-frame, and nine subsequent sub-frames without active signal, modulated in 16 QAM, in agreement with Figure 18.
Figure 18: Uplink frame setting
Allocation map of RBs: the horizontal axis represents time in milliseconds, while the vertical axis represents the RBs in accordance with Figure 19.
Figure 19: SC-FDMA temporal plane
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Envelope of the signal in time: period of 0 to 10 ms, 1 full frame (1 ms active and 9 ms inactive), shown in Figure 20; with a period of 0 to 100 ms, 10 frames, shown in Figure 21.
Figure 20: Uplink signal waveform: 1 complete frame
Figure 21: Uplink signal waveform: 10 complete frames
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CCDF: cumulative distribution function of amplitude of the envelope of the modulated signal, with an active period of 1 ms (only the first sub-frame) shown in Figure 22 and a period of one frame of 10 ms (10 sub-frames of 1 ms) shown in Figure 23. Note the difference of 10 dB in the maximum values of peak power/average power between the situations.
Figure 22: Uplink CCDF: 1 ms
Figure 23: Uplink CCDF: 10 ms
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Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) signal spectrum: LTE uplink. Figure 24 shows the spectrum of the signal in the period from the beginning of one sub-frame until the end of the sub-frame, and Figure 25 shows the spectrum of the signal from the beginning of the frame up to 10 ms (a complete frame). Note the difference of 10 dB in average power between the situations.
Figure 24: Uplink signal spectrum
Figure 25: Uplink signal spectrum
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2.4.4 Measurements in the Presence of Time-Variant Interfering Signal
In tests of interference carried out in Europe between DVB-T/T2 and LTE, it was found that rapid variations of the level of the interferer signal cause degradations in the PR and Oth performance of DTV receivers due to the dynamic operation of the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) circuit and the algorithms for the estimation of the channel.
Some DTV receivers may present "unstable" behavior in the presence of this type of LTE signal, as reported from abroad and observed during the tests performed in the Mackenzie University Laboratory.
The uplink mobile system signal may vary considerably in both the time domain and the frequency domain, depending on the traffic load. In the frequency domain, the number of RBs allocated to each SC-FDMA symbol can vary quickly. In the time domain, there may be long periods in which the UE does not transmit any signal, generating an irregular profile of pulsed power. The ITU-R BT.2215 -2 Report recommends that measurements should be performed with uplink signals at various rates of transmission. For these reasons, the adoption of pulsed signals was decided, as defined in section 2.4.3.1 – (II) “Uplink”.
The ITU-R BT.2215 -2 Report recommends in section 5.8, “Interferer Reference Power Level", that the the average power of the signal in its active period should be considered in the measurements of pulsed signals. From the diagrams shown in section 2.4.3.1 – (II), “Uplink”, one can clearly verify that the average power of the uplink signal in its active period is 10 dB higher than the average power of the complete frame period. Thus in analyses and calculations of interference involving parameters of C/I and C/N, one must consider the average power of the signal in one complete frame.
2.4.5 Reference Power Level of LTE Interferer Signal
Variations of the interference signal level can be obtained by direct action on the signal level as well as on the occupation rate. To view the degradation caused by a time-variant interfering signal, it is necessary to keep the Root Mean Square (RMS) power or the power spectral density of active portions of the time-variant interfering signal constant in relation to the RMS power or in relation to the power spectral density of the interferer with 100% loading (condition of power fixed in time). This situation corresponds to the observation of the spectrum on the spectrum analyzer, so that the power spectral density displayed onscreen, with the same parameters as those set on the measuring equipment, has the same amplitude for the signals loaded at 100% and at 0%.
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2.4.6 Methods of Evaluating the Point of Failure
The ITU-R Recommendation BT.1368 proposes the use of the Subjective Failure Point (SFP) method in a unified manner in relation to protection ratio measurements. The relationship of RF protection for a desired signal of DTV is the value of the ratio between the powers of the desired signal and the unwanted signal (interferer) in the input of the receiver, determined by the SFP method, and rounding the result upward to the nearest integer value.
The SFP method corresponds to the quality of image where no more than one error is visible on the screen for an average time of observation of 60 seconds. The adjustments of the levels of desired and unwanted signals should be made in small steps, typically of 0.1 dB.
2.4.7 Conditions of Test Environment
The tests should be conducted under conditions of normal operation at ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 45°C and humidity of 45 to 90% without the impediment of natural ventilation and with power voltage of 0.9 to 1.1 times the nominal one, according to the ABNT NBR 15604 Standard [8].
Note: The tests should be carried out with all the equipment, including the receiver, in a Faraday cage, in order to eliminate any interference from external signals.
2.5 Test Procedure of Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)
2.5.1 Importance of Measuring
The Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) is an important parameter that indicates the quality of the signal generated by a signal generator or a transmitter in terms of its emissions outside the designated occupied bandwidth. Numerically, the ACLR represents the ratio, in decibels, of the average power of the generated signal integrated inside the designated channel bandwidth to the average power of out-of-band emissions integrated in the upper or lower adjacent channel band. The natural tendency is that the values of ACLR are smaller for adjacent channels immediately neighboring the assigned range, and progressively increase with the distance from the assigned frequency band, because this is the natural behavior of emissions outside the band. The concept of ACLR applies, in general, to signal generators or transmitters for various types of services, with different settings and different central frequencies and bandwidths of both main and adjacent signals, and including the involvement of different services, as is the case of this work.
Figure 26 illustrates the definition of the LTE signal ACLR measured on TV channel 51. The importance of having a high value of ACLR and of measuring it is evident from the figure, because when the DTV receiver is tuned to channel 51, the interfering power P51 goes directly Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 52 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013 into the demodulator in addition to the DTV signal, and thus the greater the ACLR, the smaller the interfering power P51 will be.
Figure 26: ACLR measurement
The emissions outside the range, and therefore the values of ACLR, depend on several factors such as type of modulation, parameters of modulation, frequency of operation, characteristics of power amplifiers employed and its back-off in relation to its saturation level, employment of linearizers, filtering of the transmitted signal, and so on. In addition to taking the average power of the signal into account, we should also consider the peak-to-average ratio of the signal in order to maintain the levels of the signal peaks in accordance with the linear operating range of the signal generator or amplifier employed.
Signal generators for laboratory use often provide high quality with low out-of-band emission levels, that is, with high values of ACLR, typically above 60 dB, for adjacent channels immediately neighboring the main signal and increasing rapidly for adjacent channels further away. Their power levels are relatively modest, in the range from 10 to 20 dBm.
Commercial transmitters, on the other hand, provide signals with higher powers, but with higher levels of spurious, that is, with smaller values of ACLR. As in all transmission systems, emissions outside the band of the radio BS of LTE systems shall comply with the operational requirements defined by Anatel, and admit a certain degree of improvement, through adjustment of operation back-off and filtering of the output signal of the transmitter. The operational requirements of emissions outside the band of UE, which shall also comply with the limits established by Anatel, are less demanding than those of the BS, in order to avoiding making it excessively expensive.
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As the ACLR interfering signal depends on the levels of the signal set up in the signal generator and in the amplifiers employed in the measurement setup, it is important to establish these levels with a lot of care at the beginning of the tests and to keep these levels fixed throughout the measurements, performing variations of levels effectively applied in measurements only by means of external attenuators. For the same reason, the ACLR measurements must be carried out in a measurement setup configuration and with the levels of signal employed in the actual measurements of LTE × DTV interference.
The interference tests of LTE on the DTV were carried out by Mackenzie in a setup with LTE signal generators with a more spectrally clean signal, that is, with better ACLR (larger) than the transmitters actually in operation. The measured ACLR values (and this is another reason for ACLR measurement importance) are used together with the results of the measurements to make more realistic estimates of the interference of the LTEs in DTV, applying conversions to the PR measurements (see section 1.5.2 of [2]), taking into account the out-of-band emission characteristics of actual LTE downlink (BS) and uplink (UE) transmitters. Such a conversion has been applied in the ITU-R for sharing studies between services.
2.5.2 ACLR Measurements
I) Requirements
The ACLR measurements require care, due to the wide dynamic range involved, in order to ensure that distortions by non-linearities in the measuring instrument do not occur. The test setup is presented in Figure 27, which must be a subset of the setup shown in Error! Reference source not found.. Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 54 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
II) Test Setup
Figure 27: ACLR.mesasurement test setup
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III) Test Procedure
The measurements are performed with the setup shown in Figure 27Error! Reference source not found. in "Channel Power" mode, by measuring the signal strengths of the LTE and DTV over each effective channel center frequency and bandwidth. Two conditions must be ensured for the measurements of downlink and uplink ACLR:
Condition 1 (C1): At no time during the measurements can the LTE signal level be above the maximum allowed level of any of the measuring equipment, including when the RF attenuator is set at 0 dB attenuation.
Condition 2 (C2): There can be no distortion inside the spectrum analyzer of the LTE signal applied, because the value of ACLR measured would be affected. The condition of linearity of measurement must be conferred by reducing the signal level LTE at 5 dB through the internal attenuator of the spectrum analyzer and observing the effect on the measured result. The linearity of the measurement is acceptable if the reduction of the level does not affect the LTE signal spectrum in its designated frequency band and outside it.
a) Connect the equipment as shown in item (II);
b) Configure the vector signal generator to generate the LTE signal with the transmission parameters, center frequency, and output level exactly as defined and used in measurements described in section 2.6.1 for the downlink and uplink;
c) With the RF attenuator at 0 dB, adjust the internal attenuator of the spectrum analyzer to the smallest value that meets the condition C2;
d) Measure the signal LTE strength (PLTE) in decibel-milliwatts with the spectrum analyzer in "channel power" mode, with 43.515 MHz bandwidth centered at 780.5 MHz for the measurement of downlink and with 13.5 MHz bandwidth centered at 710.5 MHz for the measurement of uplink;
e) Measure the LTE out-of-band signal power on channel 51 (P51) in decibel-milliwatts with the spectrum analyzer in "channel power" mode and 5.57 MHz of bandwidth centered on 695.1429 MHz (including the positive shift of 1/7 MHz for DTV signal);
f) Calculate the LTE downlink or uplink ACLR:
ACLR51DL/UL = PLTE – P51
g) Note the result in Table 13;
h) Repeat the procedures of items (e) and (f) for the other TV channels desired for both LTE downlink and uplink LTE signals. Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 56 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
i) If necessary, spectrum analyzer features such as preamplifier activation and "noise correction", which reduce the noise level baseline, may be employed in measuring ACLR. Care should be taken with regard to condition C2.
Table 13: ACLR
DTV Channels (dB) DL ACLR (dB) UL ACLR (dB)
51
50
49
...
Figure 28 shows an example of LTE uplink ACLR measurement for the DTV channel 51, where the measuring equipment screenshot shows the specific parameters used in the configuration of the test equipment, which contains a specific application software for ACLR measurement. The application software presents the value of P51 – PLTE, and therefore the measured value in this example is ACLR51UL = 97.46 dB.
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Figure 28: Example of ACLR measurement of LTE UL on the DTV channel 51.
2.6 Interference Tests of LTE signal in Digital Television
The main objective of these tests is the determination of curves that characterize the effects of LTE signal interferences on DTV receivers. Two distinct configurations of LTE signals are used: uplink and downlink signals as described in section2.4.3.1.
2.6.1 Measurements of Interference of LTE in Digital Television
I) Requirement
The test is intended to measure the points of TOV (see section1.4.2) for various power levels of DTV n (C) as a function of LTE interference signal strength (I). The results are recorded in tables and graphs called relations C(I), which are subsequently analyzed in order to extract the PR and Oth parameters of each DTV receiver. Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 58 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
II) Test Setup
Figure 29: Test setup for LTE interference on DTV
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III) Test Procedure
a) Connect the measuring equipment as shown in item (II);
b) The DTV signal, the desired signal, must be the dynamic “zone plate”, with the following
standard modulation configuration: mode 3, 64 QAM, CR = 3/4, ∆/TU = 1/8 and TI = 200 ms;
c) The DTV signals utilized in the tests must have a positive central frequency shift of 1/7 MHz;
d) Set the LTE signal generator with the desired configuration, downlink or uplink, in accordance with Section2.4.3.1;
e) Set the DTV modulator to channel 14 (473,143 MHz);
f) Adjust the attenuator connected to the LTE signal generator side for maximum attenuation;
g) Adjust the attenuator connected to the DTV signal side in order to obtain a level of –77 dBm in the input of the DTV receiver, or STB, in the test;
h) Acting on the attenuator connected to the LTE signal generator side, lower the attenuation of the LTE signal, observing the zone plate image on the receiver screen, up to the point of QEF. We call this the receiver reaching its TOV point;
i) Put the attenuator of the DTV signal to its maximum and read out the level of the interfering LTE signal level, I (dBm), on the signal analyzer;
j) Register the I level in Error! Reference source not found.;
k) Repeat the procedure from item (f) to (k) according to the established DTV signal power level;
l) Repeat the procedure from item (e) for the other UHF TV channels 15 to 51.
Table 14: TOV for Downlink/Uplink LTE Interference
DTV Level (dBm) LTE Downlink/Uplink (dBm)
N-Channel Receiver TOV
-20
-30
-40
-50 Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 60 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
DTV Level (dBm) LTE Downlink/Uplink (dBm)
N-Channel Receiver TOV
-60
-70
2.7 LTE Interference Tests Results
2.7.1 ACLR
The results of ACLR of LTE downlink and uplink signals generated by the LTE interference test setup are shown in the Table 15 Error! Reference source not found.and the corresponding spectrum analyzer screenshot in Figure 30 to Figure 35. For TV channels below CH 49, please consider the ACLR value for CH 49.
Table 15: ACLR of LTE Interference Signal over Digital TV Channel
TV Channel DL ACLR (dB) UL ACLR (dB)
51 100.08 97.46
50 100.74 102.64
49 100.73 103.04
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Figure 30: LTE downlink ACLR over TV channel 49 Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 62 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Figure 31: LTE downlink ACLR over TV channel 50
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Figure 32: LTE downlink ACLR over TV channel 51 Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 64 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Figure 33: LTE uplink ACLR over TV channel 49
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Figure 34: LTE uplink ACLR over TV channel 50 Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 66 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Figure 35: LTE uplink ACLR over TV channel 51
2.7.2 Downlink TOV Measurement Results
The measurement results of TOV for the receivers A to F are shown in Table 16 and plotted in Figure 36 to Figure 47. The PR and Oth values are obtained from Table 16.
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I) Table of Results
Table 16: LTE – downlink interference TOV DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm)3 Channel 14 A B C D E F -20 1.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 1.1 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 6.4 >9.0 -40 0.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 2.2 >9.0 -50 -0.7 7.6 >9.0 3.6 -1.6 >9.0 -60 -2.8 5.8 >9.0 3.1 -4.4 >9.0 -70 -3.7 -9.9 >9.0 1.5 -7.4 -0.7 -77 -5,7 -21.5 8.4 -0.3 -13.8 -7.2
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 15 A B C D E F -20 1.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 1.1 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 0.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 7.1 >9.0 -50 -1.0 7.4 >9.0 3.5 3.9 >9.0 -60 -3.2 5.7 >9.0 2.9 0.1 >9.0 -70 -4.3 -10.0 >9.0 1.5 -6.6 1.5 -77 -7.1 -21.5 >9.0 -0.2 -15.3 -7.6
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 16 A B C D E F -20 2.5 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 2.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 1.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 7.7 >9.0 -50 -0.2 7.3 >9.0 3.6 5.7 >9.0 -60 -2.7 5.5 >9.0 2.6 0.7 >9.0 -70 -5.2 -10.0 >9.0 1.1 -6.6 1.7 -77 -9.2 -20.9 >9.0 -1.4 -15.1 -7.2
3 Note: The cells with values >9.0 in Table Error! Reference source not found. that the receiver did not reach the condition of TOV, even when the maximum level of output permitted by the test setup was reached. For the downlink signal the maximum power was 9.0 dBm. Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 68 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 17 A B C D E F -20 4.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 4.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 3.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 7.7 >9.0 -50 1.8 7.2 >9.0 3.8 4.8 >9.0 -60 -2.1 5.3 >9.0 2.1 -0.1 >9.0 -70 -5,7 -10.1 >9.0 0.6 -6.7 1.2 -77 -9.7 -21.0 6.6 -1.4 -15.1 -8.0
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel A B C D E F 018 -20 5.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 6.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 4.9 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 6.6 >9.0 -50 2.4 7.1 >9.0 3.7 3.2 >9.0 -60 -1.1 5.3 >9.0 2.3 -1.3 >9.0 -70 -4.7 -9.9 8.4 0.8 -6.6 1.5 -77 -8.4 -20.9 6.4 -0.8 -15.3 -7.8
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 19 A B C D E F -20 5.9 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 7.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 7.7 >9.0 -40 5.5 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 4.0 >9.0 -50 2.7 7.1 >9.0 3.7 -0.3 >9.0 -60 0.0 5.3 >9.0 2.2 -3.6 >9.0 -70 -3.0 -10.0 >9.0 0.8 -7.6 1.9 -77 -6,0 -20.9 >9.0 -0.7 -15.2 -6.7
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 20 A B C D E F -20 7.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 5.6 >9.0 -40 7.6 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 1.0 >9.0 -50 4.6 7.1 >9.0 3.6 -2.1 >9.0 -60 2.9 5.2 >9.0 1.9 -4.7 >9.0 -70 1.9 -9.8 >9.0 0.6 -9.8 1.4 -77 0.5 -20.8 >9.0 -0.7 -17.9 -7.6
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 21 A B C D E F
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-20 7.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 4.6 >9.0 -40 7.5 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 0.2 >9.0 -50 4.7 6.9 >9.0 3.8 -2.7 >9.0 -60 2.8 4.9 >9.0 1.7 -5.3 >9.0 -70 2.0 -10.1 >9.0 0.6 -11.2 1.5 -77 0.7 -21.2 >9.0 -0.8 -18.9 -7.2
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 22 A B C D E F -20 7.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 4.7 >9.0 -40 7.4 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 0.5 >9.0 -50 4.7 6.8 >9.0 3.8 -2.7 >9.0 -60 2.7 5.0 >9.0 1.5 -5.4 >9.0 -70 1.7 -9.9 >9.0 0.4 -10.4 1.7 -77 0.6 -21.4 >9.0 -1.0 -18,2 -6.8
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 23 A B C D E F -20 7.7 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 6.5 >9.0 -40 7.2 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 2.2 >9.0 -50 4.4 6.3 >9.0 3.7 -1.4 >9.0 -60 2.7 4.4 >9.0 1.4 -4.3 >9.0 -70 1.7 -10.5 >9.0 0.2 -8.6 1.3 -77 0.6 -16.1 >9.0 -1.2 -16.4 -7.2
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 24 A B C D E F -20 6.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 8.1 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 6.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 6.8 >9.0 -50 3.8 6.3 >9.0 4.6 3.0 >9.0 -60 2.0 4.5 >9.0 1.0 -2.0 >9.0 -70 1.2 -10.4 >9.0 0.0 -6,5 1.5 -77 -0.3 -16.1 >9.0 -1.6 -15.3 -7.1
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 25 A B C D E F -20 7.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 70 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
-40 7.0 7.4 >9.0 >9.0 7.7 >9.0 -50 4.3 6.4 >9.0 3.6 4.1 >9.0 -60 2.6 4.7 >9.0 1.0 -0.6 >9.0 -70 1.7 -10.2 >9.0 -0.2 -6.6 1.6 -77 0.5 -15.8 >9.0 -1.7 -15.0 -7.1
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 26 A B C D E F -20 6.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 8.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 5.9 7.5 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -50 3.3 5.8 >9.0 3.4 5.5 >9.0 -60 1.6 4.0 >9.0 0.7 0.4 >9.0 -70 0.7 -10.7 >9.0 -0.5 -6,5 0.3 -77 -0.5 -16.2 >9.0 -1.7 -15.1 -8.1
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 27 A B C D E F -20 6.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 8.2 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 6.3 7.5 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -50 3.7 6.0 >9.0 3.5 6.0 >9.0 -60 1.6 4.2 >9.0 0.4 1.0 8.4 -70 0.7 -10.7 >9.0 -0.8 -6,5 -1.5 -77 -0.4 -16.2 >9.0 -2.2 -15.3 - 8.2
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 28 A B C D E F -20 7.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 8.4 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 6.2 7.5 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -50 3.9 5.9 >9.0 4.7 5.9 >9.0 -60 2.0 4.1 >9.0 1.8 1.1 8.2 -70 1.1 -10.9 >9.0 -0.1 -6.6 -2.5 -77 -0.1 -16.2 >9.0 -1.6 -15.1 8.8
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 29 A B C D E F -20 6.9 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 8.4 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 6.3 7.4 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -50 4.2 5.7 >9.0 4.7 5.8 >9.0
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-60 2.1 3.9 >9.0 1.8 1.0 8.4 -70 1.0 -10.7 >9.0 -0.1 -6.6 -1.9 -77 -0.2 -16.1 >9.0 -1.7 -15.3 -8.7
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 30 A B C D E F -20 5.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 8.4 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 6.1 7.4 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -50 3.9 5.6 >9.0 4.1 5.4 >9.0 -60 1.7 3.9 >9.0 1.3 0.9 >9.0 -70 1.0 -10.7 >9.0 -0.6 -6.6 -0.2 -77 -0.4 -16.2 >9.0 -2.1 -15.3 -6.5
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 31 A B C D E F -20 5.9 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 8.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 5.7 7.3 >9.0 >9.0 7.7 >9.0 -50 3.6 5.5 >9.0 4.7 5.0 >9.0 -60 1.8 3.8 >9.0 1.4 0.4 >9.0 -70 0.7 -10.7 >9.0 -0.5 -6.8 -1.2 -77 -1.0 -16.2 >9.0 -2.1 -15.2 -10.7
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 32 A B C D E F -20 7.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 8.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 6.0 7.2 >9.0 >9.0 7.7 >9.0 -50 3.8 5.6 >9.0 4.6 4.4 >9.0 -60 2.1 3.8 >9.0 1.3 0.0 >9.0 -70 0.9 -10.7 >9.0 -0.5 -6.6 1.9 -77 -0.2 -21.7 >9.0 -2.1 -15.2 -6.1
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 33 A B C D E F -20 5.7 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 8.2 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 5.9 7.0 >9.0 >9.0 7.9 >9.0 -50 4.1 5.3 >9.0 4.5 4.4 >9.0 -60 2.1 3.5 >9.0 1.1 0.1 >9.0 -70 0.9 -12.0 >9.0 -0.9 -6.6 1.5 Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 72 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
-77 -0.4 -21.8 >9.0 -2.5 -15.1 -6.7
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 34 A B C D E F -20 6.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 7.3 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 5.2 7.0 >9.0 >9.0 7.9 >9.0 -50 3.1 5.4 >9.0 4.3 4.2 >9.0 -60 1.8 3.2 >9.0 0.6 0.0 >9.0 -70 0.6 -10.7 >9.0 -1.3 -6.6 0.8 -77 -0.8 -21.7 >9.0 -2.9 -15.2 -7.2
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 35 A B C D E F -20 6.9 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 7.4 7.7 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 5.4 7.0 >9.0 >9.0 7.9 >9.0 -50 3.2 5.3 >9.0 4.1 4.0 >9.0 -60 1.8 3.3 >9.0 0.8 -0.1 >9.0 -70 0.6 -10.7 >9.0 -1.4 -6.6 0.7 -77 -0.7 -21.7 >9.0 -3.1 -15.1 -7.6
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 36 A B C D E F -20 7.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 7.2 7.6 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 5.2 6.8 >9.0 >9.0 7.5 >9.0 -50 3.1 6.0 >9.0 4.2 3.5 >9.0 -60 1.6 3.2 >9.0 0.0 -0.5 >9.0 -70 0.5 -10.5 >9.0 -2.0 -6,5 -0.6 -77 -0.7 -21.6 8.3 -3.6 -15.0 -10.2
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 38 A B C D E F -20 6.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 6.8 7.4 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 4.6 6.2 >9.0 >9.0 6.5 >9.0 -50 3.0 4.9 >9.0 4.1 2.5 >9.0 -60 1.5 2.9 >9.0 0.0 -1.8 >9.0 -70 0.2 -10.7 >9.0 -1.5 -7.9 -0.5 -77 -0.8 -21.7 8.5 -3.6 -15.6 -7.0
Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 73 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 39 A B C D E F -20 6.9 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 6.8 7.6 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 4.6 6.3 >9.0 >9.0 6.1 >9.0 -50 3.0 4.7 >9.0 4.0 2.1 >9.0 -60 1.5 2.9 >9.0 -0.2 -2,3 >9.0 -70 0.2 -10.6 >9.0 -2,3 -8.7 -0.5 -77 -0.8 -21.7 >9.0 -3.7 -17.5 -7.2
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 40 A B C D E F -20 6.6 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 6.4 7.6 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -40 4.3 6.2 >9.0 7.8 5.6 >9.0 -50 2.9 4.6 >9.0 3.8 1.8 >9.0 -60 1.4 2.6 >9.0 -0.3 -1,8 >9.0 -70 0.2 -11.9 >9.0 -2.7 -9.2 -0.5 -77 -1.0 -21.6 8.1 -4.1 -17.6 -6.3
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 41 A B C D E F -20 6.8 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 6.3 7.7 >9.0 >9.0 7.9 >9.0 -40 4.1 6.2 >9.0 7.7 5.3 >9.0 -50 3.8 4.5 >9.0 3.3 1.5 >9.0 -60 1.2 2.3 >9.0 -0.8 -2.2 >9.0 -70 0.0 -11.9 >9.0 -2.7 -12.1 -0.5 -77 -1.1 -21.6 8.4 -4.1 -19.2 -6.4
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 42 A B C D E F -20 6.6 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 6.0 7.5 >9.0 >9.0 7.9 >9.0 -40 4.8 6.1 >9.0 7.7 4.9 >9.0 -50 2.5 4.6 >9.0 3.2 1.2 >9.0 -60 1.1 2.3 >9.0 -0.9 -2.5 8.4 -70 -0.2 -11.9 8.5 -3.1 -9,5 -0.4 -77 -1.5 -21.6 >9.0 -4.5 -17.3 -10.1
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 43 A B C D E F Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 74 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
-20 6.6 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 5.8 7.4 >9.0 >9.0 7.9 >9.0 -40 3.3 5.9 >9.0 7.9 4.5 >9.0 -50 2.3 4.4 >9.0 3.0 0.8 >9.0 -60 0.8 2.1 >9.0 -1.1 -2.7 >9.0 -70 -0.6 -11.7 >9.0 -3.2 -9.5 -1,8 -77 -1.7 -21.5 >9.0 -4.8 -17.4 -6.4
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 44 A B C D E F -20 5.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 4.1 7.4 >9.0 >9.0 7.6 >9.0 -40 1.8 5.8 >9.0 7.6 4.1 >9.0 -50 0.7 4.3 >9.0 2.7 0.4 >9.0 -60 -0.7 2.0 >9.0 -1.5 -3.0 7.5 -70 -2.0 -11.5 >9.0 -3.7 -9,6 -0.1 -77 -3.5 -21.4 >9.0 -5.2 -17.7 -7.7
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) C Channel 45 A B D E F
-20 5.1 7.7 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 3.9 7.0 >9.0 >9.0 7.1 >9.0 -40 1.5 5.5 >9.0 7.4 3.5 >9.0 -50 0.4 4.1 >9.0 2.5 -0.1 >9.0 -60 -1.0 1.8 >9.0 -1.7 -2.9 7.5 -70 -2.4 -11.6 >9.0 -3.9 -9.7 -0.6 -77 -4.0 -21.4 >9.0 -5.4 -17.5 -7.9
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 46 A B C D E F -20 5.0 7.5 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 >9.0 -30 3.7 6.7 >9.0 >9.0 6.4 >9.0 -40 1.4 5.3 >9.0 6.8 2.9 >9.0 -50 -0.1 3.8 >9.0 1.9 -0.7 >9.0 -60 -1.4 1.0 >9.0 -2.1 -4.1 7.5 -70 -3.0 -11.8 >9.0 -4.2 -9,6 -1.1 -77 -4.9 -21.6 >9.0 -5.8 -17.5 -8.1
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 47 A B C D E F -20 4.8 7.8 >9.0 >9.0 7.9 >9.0 -30 3.4 6.8 >9.0 >9.0 6.0 >9.0
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-40 1.0 5.4 >9.0 3.1 2.6 >9.0 -50 -2.4 4.0 7.7 -8.1 -0.9 >9.0 -60 -12.4 1.3 -2.5 -19.0 -4.3 7.5 -70 -22.5 -11.8 -12.9 -29.3 -9.7 -1.6 -77 -31.2 -21.4 -21.0 -367 -17.4 -8.5
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 48 A B C D E F -20 4.6 7.6 >9.0 >9.0 7.9 >9.0 -30 3.1 6.4 >9.0 7.5 5.4 >9.0 -40 0.5 5.0 >9.0 1.4 2.3 >9.0 -50 -4.8 3.6 4.9 -10.7 -1.3 >9.0 -60 -14.5 0.5 -4.8 -21.9 -4.6 7.3 -70 -24.8 -12.3 -15,4 -31,9 -9.7 -2.3 -77 -33.3 -21.5 -24.7 -39.9 -17.5 -9.8
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 49 A B C D E F -20 4.3 7.7 >9.0 >9.0 7.9 >9.0 -30 2.9 6.3 >9.0 7.8 4.9 >9.0 -40 0.3 4.9 >9.0 2.6 1.7 >9.0 -50 -4.3 3.5 5.3 -9.3 -1.6 >9.0 -60 -14.0 0.4 -4.1 -20.7 -4.2 6.3 -70 -24.0 -13.2 -15.1 -30.8 -9,6 -3.4 -77 -33.5 -21.5 -27.6 -38.7 -17.5 -10.3
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 50 A B C D E F -20 4.3 7.6 >9.0 >9.0 7.4 >9.0 -30 2.3 5.9 >9.0 7.7 4.4 >9.0 -40 0.2 4.6 >9.0 1.5 1.2 >9.0 -50 -5,7 3.3 3.5 -10.4 -2.0 >9.0 -60 -15.1 -0.5 -6.6 -21.9 -5.0 1.2 -70 -25,3 -15.2 -16.9 -29.9 -9,8 -6.1 -77 -34.2 -21.5 -25.3 -39.9 -17.5 -11.1
DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink TOV (dBm) Channel 51 A B C D E F -20 4.1 7.4 >9.0 >9.0 6.8 >9.0 -30 2.5 5.7 >9.0 7.6 3.7 >9.0 -40 -0.1 4.1 >9.0 1.6 0.6 >9.0 -50 -5.9 2.5 3.0 -10.5 -2.6 >9.0 Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 76 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
-60 -15.3 -6.3 -7.0 -21.9 -5.5 6.5 -70 -25.8 -16,6 -17.7 -32,3 -14.3 -4.7 -77 -35.1 -24.4 -26.2 -40.1 -22.7 -9.7
II) Results in Graphs – Downlink
The results are plotted in two types of charts. The first one shows the LTE level that causes the TOV on the TV image for seven different TV receiving levels, with the TV channel under test as a parameter, as in Figure 36. The second one shows a curve of LTE levels that cause the TOV on the TV image as a function of the seven TV signal receiving levels, measured for each of the 37 channels tested, as can be seen in Figure 37.
The graph in Figure 36 shows the level of LTE downlink signal at the input of the receiver A, where the vertical axis represents the average power inside the LTE bandwidth of 3 × 15 MHz, while the horizontal axis represents the TV channels under test. Figure 37 is the same, except that this time the horizontal axis represents the average TV signal power in the 6 MHz bandwidth at the input of receiver A.
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Figure 36: LTE downlink level × TV channel – receiver A (can tuner) Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 78 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Figure 37: LTE downlink power × TV signal level – receiver A (can tuner)
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Figure 38: LTE downlink level × TV channel – receiver B (silicon tuner)
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Figure 39: LTE downlink level × TV level – receiver B (silicon tuner)
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Figure 40: LTE downlink level × TV channel – receiver C (can tuner) Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 82 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Figure 41: LTE downlink level × TV level – receiver C (can tuner)
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Figure 42: LTE downlink level × TV channel – receiver D (can tuner) Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 84 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Figure 43: LTE downlink level × TV level – receiver D (can tuner)
Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 85 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Figure 44: LTE downlink level × TV channel – receiver E (silicon tuner) Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 86 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Figure 45: LTE downlink level × TV level – receiver E (silicon tuner)
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Figure 46: LTE downlink level × TV channel – receiver F (silicon tuner) Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 88 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Figure 47: LTE downlink level × TV level – receiver F (silicon tuner)
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2.7.3 Uplink TOV Measurement Results
The results are shown in Table 17 and plotted in Figure 48 to Figure 59.Error! Reference source not found.
I) Table of Results
Table 17: TOV for LTE Uplink Interference DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm)4 Channel 14 A B5 C D E F -20 6.6 0.7 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.6 -6.4 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -40 6.4 -6.6 >10.0 8.4 7.0 >10.0 -50 5.4 -6.5 >10.0 1.2 3.0 >10.0 -60 2.2 -8.8 >10.0 >10.0 -0.2 >10.0 -70 2.0 -13.7 >10.0 >10.0 -2.9 0.8 -77 1.0 -14.2 >10.0 -0.4 -12.6 -6.9
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 15 A B5 C D E F -20 6.6 1.5 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.4 -6,5 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -40 6.0 -6.6 >10.0 8.2 >10.0 >10.0 -50 5.3 -6.7 >10.0 1.0 >10.0 >10.0 -60 2.0 -11.2 >10.0 -0.1 6.2 >10.0 -70 2.1 -13,7 >10.0 -0.4 -2.9 5.5 -77 0.9 -14.3 >10.0 -1.0 -11.1 -3.8
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 16 A B5 C D E F -20 6.5 0.6 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0
4 Note: The cells with values >10.0 in Table 17 indicate that the receiver did not reach the condition of TOV, because the maximum output level of the test setup was reached. For the uplink signal the maximum power was 10.0 dBm.
5 Note: The results for receiver B are highlighted in the red cells to indicate that they should not be considered. Receiver B presented unstable behavior before the pulsed LTE signal interference.
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-30 6.3 -7.5 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -40 5.9 -7.1 >10.0 8.2 >10.0 >10.0 -50 5.4 -7.3 >10.0 1.0 >10.0 >10.0 -60 1.8 -14.3 >10.0 -0.8 9.3 >10.0 -70 1.6 -14.4 >10.0 -0.8 -2.8 5.4 -77 1.0 -14.7 >10.0 -1.2 -10.9 -4.2
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 17 A B5 C D E F -20 6.2 1.0 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.2 -7.1 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -40 5.8 -7.3 >10.0 8.4 >10.0 >10.0 -50 5.2 -7.3 >10.0 0.8 >10.0 >10.0 -60 1.7 -7.2 >10.0 -1.0 >10.0 >10.0 -70 1.5 -11.8 >10.0 -1.2 -2.8 5.4 -77 1.2 -16.3 >10.0 -1.6 -10.9 -3.6
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel A B5 C D E F 018 -20 6.3 0.9 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 5.8 -7.2 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -40 5.6 -7.3 >10.0 8.5 >10.0 >10.0 -50 5.2 -7.3 >10.0 0.9 >10.0 >10.0 -60 1.4 -7.3 >10.0 -1.2 >10.0 >10.0 -70 1.3 -11.7 >10.0 -1.3 -2.8 1.2 -77 0.1 -15.0 >10.0 -1.7 -11.0 -3.3
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 19 A B5 C D E F -20 6.2 0.1 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.0 -7.3 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -40 5.6 -7.4 >10.0 8.0 >10.0 >10.0 -50 5.5 -7.5 >10.0 0.7 >10.0 >10.0 -60 1.5 -7.5 >10.0 -1.4 8.9 >10.0 -70 1.4 -11.9 >10.0 -1.5 -2.8 4.1 -77 0.4 -15.3 >10.0 -1.9 -11.1 -5.0
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 20 A B5 C D E F -20 5.9 1.0 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 5.8 -7.3 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0
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-40 5.5 -7.3 >10.0 8.4 >10.0 >10.0 -50 5.0 -7.4 >10.0 0.6 >10.0 >10.0 -60 1.4 -7.5 >10.0 -1.5 9.3 >10.0 -70 1.3 -7.5 >10.0 -1,8 -2.6 1.2 -77 0.3 -15.3 >10.0 -2.1 -10.9 -6.3
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 21 A B5 C D E F -20 5.8 0.1 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 5.7 -7.3 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -40 5.3 -7.3 >10.0 8.7 >10.0 >10.0 -50 5.2 -7.3 >10.0 0.9 >10.0 >10.0 -60 1.2 -7.4 >10.0 -1.7 0.0 >10.0 -70 1.1 -7.8 >10.0 -1.9 -2.7 0.3 -77 0.5 -9.0 >10.0 -2.3 -10.8 -3.2
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 22 A B5 C D E F -20 5.7 0.6 9.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 5.7 -7.6 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -40 5.3 -7.6 8.9 8.5 >10.0 >10.0 -50 5.3 -7.5 8.8 0.7 >10.0 >10.0 -60 1.1 -7.5 >10.0 -2.0 9.4 >10.0 -70 1.2 -8,3 >10.0 -2.0 -2.4 5.1 -77 0.3 -14.5 >10.0 -2.4 -10.7 -4.0
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 23 A B5 C D E F -20 5.6 0.7 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 5.4 -7.5 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -40 5.2 -7.5 >10.0 8.5 >10.0 >10.0 -50 4.8 -7.5 >10.0 0.7 >10.0 >10.0 -60 1.0 -7.6 >10.0 -2.0 8.3 >10.0 -70 1.0 -14.8 >10.0 -2.1 -2.6 4.8 -77 -0.1 -14.5 >10.0 -2.7 -10.7 -4.0
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 24 A B5 C D E F -20 5.1 0.8 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 5.0 -7.4 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -40 5.0 -7.4 8.8 8.5 >10.0 >10.0 -50 4.8 -7.4 8.3 0.9 >10.0 >10.0
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-60 0.6 -7.6 8.8 -2.1 9.4 >10.0 -70 0.6 -11.4 >10.0 -2.2 -2.6 -2.7 -77 -1.2 -14.4 >10.0 -2.5 -10.7 -4.4
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 25 A B5 C D E F -20 5.6 0.9 8.8 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 5.4 -7.2 8.8 9.3 >10.0 >10.0 -40 5.0 -7.4 8.8 8.6 >10.0 >10.0 -50 4.6 -7.4 8.8 1.0 >10.0 >10.0 -60 1.3 -7.5 8.8 -2.1 9.4 >10.0 -70 1.2 -8.0 8.8 -2.2 -2.5 -3.1 -77 0.2 -9.2 8.8 -2.6 -10.7 -5.1
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 26 A B5 C D E F -20 5.3 0.8 9.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -30 5.1 -7.4 >10.0 9.4 >10.0 >10.0 -40 4.7 -7.4 9.1 8.4 >10.0 >10.0 -50 4.3 -7.5 >10.0 0.8 >10.0 >10.0 -60 0.9 -7.6 9.1 -2.1 9.2 >10.0 -70 0.5 -8,1 9.1 -2.4 -2.4 4.4 -77 -0.3 -9.2 >10.0 -2.7 -10.7 -8.0
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 27 A B5 C D E F -20 5.3 4.8 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 5.1 -7.2 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -40 4.9 -7.4 >10.0 8.7 >10.0 >10.0 -50 4.2 -7.4 >10.0 1.2 >10.0 >10.0 -60 1.0 -7.6 >10.0 -2.2 9.3 >10.0 -70 0.8 -8.1 >10.0 -2.3 -2.5 3.9 -77 -0.3 -9.5 >10.0 -2.8 -10.6 -5.5
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 28 A B5 C D E F -20 5.8 0.8 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 5.0 -7.4 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -40 4.8 -7.4 >10.0 9.1 >10.0 >10.0 -50 4.2 -7.5 >10.0 4.7 >10.0 >10.0 -60 1.2 -7.6 >10.0 1.8 9.0 >10.0 -70 1.0 -8.4 >10.0 1.7 -2.4 2.3
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-77 -0.2 -9.5 >10.0 1.4 -10.8 -2.7
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 29 A B5 C D E F -20 5.5 0.8 >10.0 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -30 6.7 -7.6 >10.0 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -40 6.5 -7.6 >10.0 9.2 9.2 >10.0 -50 4.3 -7.7 >10.0 4.5 7.2 >10.0 -60 2.2 -8.0 >10.0 1.9 2.2 >10.0 -70 1.9 -18.1 >10.0 2.0 -2.6 5.0 -77 0.5 -21.9 >10.0 1.5 -11.0 -4.4
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 30 A B5 C D E F -20 5.4 0.9 >10.0 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -30 6.5 -7.5 >10.0 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -40 6.6 -7.6 >10.0 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -50 4.4 -7.6 8.7 4.5 8.4 >10.0 -60 2.3 -7,9 >10.0 2.2 3.6 >10.0 -70 2.2 -17.9 9.1 2.0 -2.8 4.6 -77 0.9 -22.1 >10.0 1.7 -10.8 -5.0
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 31 A B5 C D E F -20 5.3 0.6 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.1 -6.2 >10.0 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -40 6.5 -6.4 >10.0 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -50 3.8 -6.1 >10.0 4.8 9.4 >10.0 -60 2.1 -13,9 >10.0 2.3 8.8 >10.0 -70 1.7 -13,9 >10.0 2.2 -2.5 -1.0 -77 0.1 -14.4 >10.0 1.7 -10.8 -9.7
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 32 A B5 C D E F -20 5.3 1.3 9.3 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.5 -6.3 >10.0 9.2 0.0 >10.0 -40 7.1 -6.2 9.2 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -50 4.3 -6.2 >10.0 5.3 9.4 >10.0 -60 2.6 -13.6 9.3 2.6 7.4 >10.0 -70 2.3 -14.2 9.3 2.5 -2.6 4.7 -77 1.3 -15.1 >10.0 2.0 -10.8 -4.4
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DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 33 A B5 C D E F -20 5.5 1.0 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.9 -6.1 8.9 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -40 7.4 -6.3 9.3 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -50 4.3 -6.2 >10.0 5.5 9.4 >10.0 -60 2.9 -13.8 9.0 3.0 8.3 >10.0 -70 2.7 -14.2 >10.0 2.9 -2.7 4.6 -77 1.4 -15.2 >10.0 2.2 -10.8 -6.0
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 34 A B5 C D E F -20 5.5 1.2 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.6 -6.4 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -40 7.6 -6.4 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -50 4.2 -6.6 >10.0 5.7 >10.0 >10.0 -60 3.3 -11,4 >10.0 3.3 8.4 >10.0 -70 3.0 -14.2 >10.0 3.0 -2.7 4.7 -77 1.9 -15.2 >10.0 2.3 -10.8 -5.0
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 35 A B5 C D E F -20 5.7 1.1 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.8 -7.1 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -40 4.4 -7.3 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -50 4.6 -7.5 >10.0 6.1 >10.0 >10.0 -60 3.5 -12.5 >10.0 3.7 7.7 >10.0 -70 3.3 -21.7 >10.0 3.2 -2.7 4.3 -77 2.0 -23.9 >10.0 2.1 -10.9 -7.1
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 36 A B5 C D E F -20 5.7 1.1 >10.0 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -30 6.6 -7.1 >10.0 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -40 8.4 -7.3 >10.0 9.2 9.4 >10.0 -50 4.6 -7.3 >10.0 6.7 9.4 >10.0 -60 3.8 -14.9 >10.0 4.0 7.4 >10.0 -70 3.3 -22.9 >10.0 3.2 -2.8 3.9 -77 1.7 -24.5 >10.0 1.4 -10.8 -10.5
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 38 A B5 C D E F
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-20 5.6 0.9 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.2 -7.5 >10.0 9.2 9.3 >10.0 -40 6.7 -7.7 >10.0 7.8 9.3 >10.0 -50 2.3 -7.7 9.1 2.0 9.3 >10.0 -60 -5.4 -15.9 2.8 -8.0 7.1 >10.0 -70 -15,8 -24.5 -7.5 -18.2 -3.0 3.8 -77 -24.9 -25.7 -17.5 -26.5 -11.2 -5.2
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 39 A B5 C D E F -20 5.5 0.2 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.2 -7.5 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -40 5.6 -7.7 >10.0 6.8 9.3 >10.0 -50 0.5 -7.9 9.3 -1.4 9.3 >10.0 -60 -7.8 -16.9 -0.4 -11.6 6.2 >10.0 -70 -18.6 -25.3 -10.8 -21.4 -5.9 3.5 -77 -27.9 -26.1 -21.9 -30.0 -13,7 -6.9
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 40 A B5 C D E F -20 5.6 0.7 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.2 -7.5 >10.0 9.2 9.3 >10.0 -40 6.6 -7.7 >10.0 7.8 9.3 >10.0 -50 2.7 -7.7 >10.0 3.2 9.1 >10.0 -60 -3.7 -17.1 3.3 -6.8 5.6 >10.0 -70 -14.2 -26,7 -6.7 -16,8 -3.4 3.5 -77 -23.2 -27.5 -15.6 -25.8 -11.5 -6.7
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 41 A B5 C D E F -20 5.8 0.7 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.3 -7.3 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -40 7.5 -7.7 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -50 4.3 -7,9 >10.0 7.5 8.9 >10.0 -60 3.2 -17,7 >10.0 5.0 5.8 >10.0 -70 1.0 -27.5 9.3 2.8 -3.5 5.0 -77 -1.8 -28.1 9.3 0.8 -11.6 -3.7
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 42 A B5 C D E F -20 5.4 0.5 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 6.6 -7.5 >10.0 9.2 0.0 >10.0
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-40 7.7 -7.7 >10.0 9.2 9.3 >10.0 -50 3.4 -8.1 >10.0 7.0 8.3 >10.0 -60 2.3 -19.5 >10.0 4.5 4.7 8.5 -70 1.1 -28.2 >10.0 3.2 -6.8 -1.1 -77 -1.3 -28.8 >10.0 1.3 -14.1 -9.9
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 43 A B5 C D E F -20 5.5 0.5 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 7.1 -7.5 >10.0 9.2 9.3 >10.0 -40 7.2 -7.7 >10.0 9.0 9.3 >10.0 -50 1.9 -12.7 >10.0 5.8 7.3 >10.0 -60 0.3 -21.1 >10.0 3.1 4.1 >10.0 -70 -1.9 -28.9 8.9 1.9 -7.0 4.7 -77 -5.5 -29.5 5.7 0.1 -14.4 -4.4
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 44 A B5 C D E F -20 5.3 -0.2 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 8.1 -8.5 >10.0 9.2 9.3 >10.0 -40 6.3 -8.7 >10.0 8.9 8.8 >10.0 -50 -0.2 -14.7 >10.0 3.5 6.2 >10.0 -60 -2.0 -22.3 9.3 0.1 3.6 >10.0 -70 -4.3 -30,3 6.8 -0.2 -7.3 5.2 -77 -8.0 -31.0 3.9 -1.6 -14.3 -3.6
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 45 A B5 C D E F -20 5.6 -0.2 >10.0 9.2 >10.0 >10.0 -30 8.8 -8.4 >10.0 9.2 9.3 >10.0 -40 7.8 -8.7 9.0 7.8 9.1 >10.0 -50 7.0 -15.5 9.3 0.0 5.6 >10.0 -60 -4.8 -23,9 8.9 -3.0 2.4 >10.0 -70 -5.4 -31.0 6.9 -3.1 -7.8 4.6 -77 -8.0 -31.9 4.9 -3.7 -15.3 -4.7
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 46 A B5 C D E F -20 3.2 -0.2 >10.0 9.2 9.3 >10.0 -30 -1.2 -8.5 >10.0 9.2 9.3 >10.0 -40 -9.0 -8.8 >10.0 2.7 7.7 >10.0 -50 -16.4 -17.4 7.0 -7.0 4.3 >10.0
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-60 -21,0 -26.6 6.6 -10.1 1.7 8.5 -70 -21.4 -32.4 5.4 -10.1 -9.3 2.3 -77 -23.8 -33.1 2.4 -11.1 -15.9 -9.1
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 47 A B5 C D E F -20 3.9 -0.4 >10.0 >10.0 9.3 >10.0 -30 -2.3 -8.5 >10.0 8.8 9.3 >10.0 -40 -9.2 -12.6 >10.0 0.5 7.4 >10.0 -50 -15.9 -20.2 6.0 -9.2 3.2 >10.0 -60 -20.3 -27.9 5.3 -12.4 0.7 6.7 -70 -21.1 -33,0 3.3 -12.3 -9.3 0.4 -77 -23.6 -33.3 -0.7 -13.2 -16.2 -7.5
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 48 A B5 C D E F -20 6.4 -0.4 >10.0 9.2 9.3 >10.0 -30 -1.4 -9,5 >10.0 6.9 8.1 >10.0 -40 -4.6 -13.8 8.5 -2.7 5.5 >10.0 -50 -13.6 -21.5 0.7 -11.8 1.9 >10.0 -60 -19.6 -30,6 -0.7 -14.7 -1.1 6.8 -70 -24.0o -34.5 -4.5 -16.1 -10.5 -1.3 -77 -27.3 -34.8 -8.5 -18.8 -17.9 -10.1
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 49 A B5 C D E F -20 5.8 -0.8 >10.0 9.2 8.3 >10.0 -30 -2.4 -9.3 >10.0 3.4 6.0 >10.0 -40 -7.2 -14.6 >10.0 -6.8 3.6 >10.0 -50 -16.6 -21.7 >10.0 -15.5 0.2 >10.0 -60 -22.0 -29.2 5.3 -18.3 -2.2 6.1 -70 -26.2 -35,1 -3.7 -19.3 -12.1 -3.7 -77 -30.8 -35.7 -13.1 -21.9 -19.6 -11.6
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 50 A B5 C D E F -20 3.7 -0.9 >10.0 8.6 6.5 >10.0 -30 -1.0 -9.5 >10.0 5.4 3.8 >10.0 -40 -6.8 -16,6 >10.0 -5.2 1.5 >10.0 -50 -14.0 -24.6 7.8 -15.5 -1.2 >10.0 -60 -22.0 -32.7 3.7 -22.8 -4.3 4.4 -70 -28.6 -36.7 -5.0 -24,0 -14.2 -4.6
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-77 32.4 -37.,0 -13.1 -26.3 -21.7 -11.2
DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 51 A B5 C D E F -20 -0.2 -2.3 6.4 4.9 2.6 >10.0 -30 -3.2 -13.2 3.6 1.7 -0.6 >10.0 -40 -7.2 -20.4 0.0 -3.6 -3.5 7.7 -50 -12.7 -28.2 -5.1 -10.3 -5.6 -0.2 -60 -18.2 -37.7 -6.2 -21,0 -14.3 -9.6 -70 -26.3 -39.8 -15.2 -29.5 -23.1 -10.3 -77 -36.3 -42.0 -23.6 -34.7 -31.5 -16.7
II) Graphs of Results – Uplink
The results are plotted in two types of charts. The first one shows the LTE level that causes TOV on the TV image for seven different TV receiving levels, with the TV channel under test as a parameter, as shown in Figure 48. The second one shows the curve of LTE levels that cause the TOV on the TV image for seven TV signal receiving levels, measured for each of the 37 channels tested, as can be seen in Figure 49. The graph in Figure 48 shows the level of the LTE uplink signal at the input of receiver A, where the vertical axis represents the average power inside the LTE bandwidth of 3 × 15 MHz, while the horizontal axis represents the TV channels under test. The same applies to Figure 49; however this time the horizontal axis represents the average TV signal power in the 6 MHz bandwidth at the input of receiver A.
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Figure 48: LTE uplink level × TV channel – receiver A (can tuner)
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Figure 49: LTE downlink level × TV level – receiver A (can tuner)
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Figure 50: LTE Uplink level × TV channel – receiver B (silicon tuner)
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Figure 51: LTE downlink level × TV level – receiver – B (silicon tuner)
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Figure 52: LTE Uplink level × TV channel – receiver C (can tuner)
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Figure 53: LTE downlink level × TV level – receiver – C (can tuner)
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Figure 54: LTE Uplink level × TV channel – receiver D (can tuner)
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Figure 55: LTE downlink level × TV level – receiver D (can tuner)
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Figure 56: LTE Uplink level × TV channel – receiver E (silicon tuner)
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Figure 57: LTE downlink level × TV level – receiver E (silicon tuner)
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Figure 58: LTE Uplink level × TV channel – receiver F (silicon tuner)
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Figure 59: LTE downlink level × TV level – receiver F (silicon tuner).
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2.7.4 LTE Co-Channel Interference in Digital Television
2.7.4.1 Necessity for Measurements
The Brazilian government intends to carry out the migration of the 703 to 803 MHz bandwidth, currently allocated to TV broadcasting services, to LTE mobile services at different times by region of the country. Thus, during the transition period, there will be regions with TV broadcasting operating in the band 703 to 803 MHz as well as regions with LTE transmissions in the same frequency band.
There may be a need, within the limits of two regions, to carry out coordination among the different systems operating in the same frequency band. Thus, measurements of co-channel interference of LTE signals over DTV were taken with the aim of obtaining PR data for the coordination studies between these services.
In co-channel interference measurements, as the LTE signal contained in the DTV channel bands enters the receiver directly, the TOV criterion is always reached for LTE signal levels below the DTV signal level, so that the receiver is operated in a linear condition. For this reason there are no Oth results for co-channel interference.
The information obtained can also be applied in the border regions between Brazil and the other countries that have also adopted the ISDB-T system.
2.7.4.2 Results of Tests
The tests of co-channel interference were performed with the DTV in the channels allocated for LTE operating frequency bands in the future. Channel 53 was selected for LTE uplink and channel 63 was selected for LTE downlink. The same settings and procedures were adopted as for previous tests.
I) Table of Results Downlink
Table 18: TOV for Co-Channel Interference – LTE Downlink DTV (dBm) LTE Downlink (dBm) Channel 63 A B C D E F -20 -29.5 -23.2 -29.2 -29.1 -28.3 -28.4 -30 -39.6 -33.1 -39.2 -39.2 -38.2 -38.3 -40 -49.7 -43.1 -49.5 -49.1 -48.3 -48.4 -50 -58.6 -52.1 -60.1 -58.4 -57.9 -58.5 -60 -69.9 -58.8 -70.7 -70.7 -66.9 - 72.5
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Uplink
Table 19: TOV for Co–Channel Interference – LTE Uplink DTV (dBm) LTE Uplink (dBm) Channel 53 A B6 C D E F -20 -33.2 -34.5 -32.2 -33.6 -31.7 -32.5 -30 -43.5 -44.6 -42.2 -43.5 -41.8 -42.7 -40 -53.7 -54.8 -52.3 -53.4 -52.0 -52.9 -50 -63.8 -65.8 -62.6 -63.6 -61.6 -63.2 -60 -73.3 - -72.4 -73.5 -71.7 -72.9
6 Note: The results for receiver B are highlighted in red cells to indicate that they should not be considered. Receiver B presented unstable behavior before the pulsed LTE signal interference.
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II) Graph of Results Downlink
Figure 60: LTE downlink level × TV level.
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Uplink
Figure 61: LTE uplink level × TV level
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2.7.5 Assessment of Results
2.7.5.1 Image Channel Interference
The can tuner receivers feature high degradation in the image channels, as can be seen from the measurements results of LTE interference on the DTV. This phenomenon is illustrated in Figure 62, and it occurs due to the traditional frequency conversion architecture of superheterodyne architecture adopted for TV channel tuning of the receivers, with an IF of 44 MHz. The existence of image channels in the future LTE operation bands, however, is not so noticeable in the silicon tuner receivers, because in general they adopt different architectures of frequency conversion from the traditional ones.
Figure 62: Mechanism of image frequency of superheterodyne receivers
Another characteristic that can be found in the curves of LTE levels that cause TOV of the TV image as a function of the TV signal level is the inclination of 45o for the TV channels whose image frequency lies in the future LTE operation band. The inclination of 45o indicates that the receiver is operating in a linear condition.
Figure 62 illustrates the tuning mechanism of receivers with superheterodyne architecture, where the frequency of the Local Oscillator (LO) of the receiver is equal to the sum of the TV channel frequency plus 44 MHz. Therefore all signals with frequencies f equal to the frequency of the local oscillator fOL plus or minus 44 MHz will be folded in for the IF stage of the receiver.
f(MHz) = fOL(MHz) ± 44(MHz)
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Generalizing, for these receivers it is possible to consider any signal with a frequency equal to the sum of the TV channel frequency plus 88 MHz as an "image" of the television channel in question, and any signal present in this "image frequency band" can cause interference on the TV channel in consideration if it has sufficient power level.
Figure 63 represents in blue color the current frequency band for TV, overlayed by the proposed frequency bands for LTE in green for the uplink and in pink for the downlink. On the top, in gray color, on the same scale of frequencies, are the TV channels’ image frequencies bands tuned by receivers with 44 MHz IF frequency (local oscillator at 44 MHz above the center of the TV channel), showing which TV channels will be potentially be interfered with by LTE signals.
Figure 63: Image frequencies of TV receivers with 44 MHz IF
2.7.5.2 Interference Due to Spurious Leakage of the Receiver Down-Converter
During the execution of the tests it was possible to observe, for receiver A, a phenomenon similar to the image channel. But the affected channels were those that have a ratio of 5/8 in relation to the frequency of the interference signal. This type of interference was observed only in receiver A.
2.7.5.3 Interference by LTE Channels Close to the TV Channels Due to the Receiver Filtering System
Also notable is the increase in the performance degradation of the TV receivers under test for the upper TV channels due to LTE uplink interference. This is due to, among other reasons, the sum of the characteristics of the tracking filter frequency response and the characteristics of the receiver IF filter frequency response. An important function of tracking filters of TV receivers is to mitigate the image frequency signal. A typical value of the specification for the "image rejection" of a TV receiver is of the order of 50 dB, with the tracking filter being mainly responsible for this rejection. Another function is to mitigate the interference of adjacent channels. However, the response curve
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Figure 64: Example of tracking filter characteristic
2.7.5.4 Unstable Behavior of the TV Receiver Before a Pulsed LTE Interfering Signal
It was also found, in the execution of the tests, that the receiver B presented unstable behavior when subjected to a pulsed uplink interference signal. So the results of uplink interference for receiver B are not accurate. It is suspected that this unstable behavior is due to the characteristic of the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) circuit, mainly with regard to the time constant of the AGC.
2.7.5.5 Determination of PR and Oth values from TOV measurements
I) Definitions
a) Radio frequency protection ratio (PR)
This is the minimum value of the signal-to-interference required to obtain a specified reception quality under specified conditions in the receiver input. The "specified reception quality, under specified conditions," is defined in Section 2.4.
In general, the PR is specified as a function of frequency separation between the desired signal and the interference signal in a given frequency range. In this report, "frequency separation" is defined in terms of DTV channels in the UHF band. The graphs thus obtained, called curves of
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PR, represent the ability of the receiver to protect itself against interfering signals in frequencies different from those in which it operates.
b) Receiver’s overload threshold (front-end)
The Oth is the level of the interfering signal, expressed in decibel-milliwatts, above which the receiver begins to lose the ability to protect against interference signals operating in different frequencies of the desired signal. Therefore, above the Oth the receiver behaves non-linearly but does not necessarily fail immediately, depending on the receiver and on the interference characteristics.
II) PR and Oth obtained by Tests
Through the data and interference test results’ curves, presented in Paragraphs 2.7.2 and 2.7.3, the methodology recommended by ITU-R ReportError! Reference source not found.Error! Reference source not found. BT.2215-2 [5] can be used. However, this methodology generates difficulties because the results of TOV obtained in practice do not result in linear curves or exhibit well-defined saturation points, giving margin for subjective interpretations of TOV curves and consequently variations in results depending on the perception of the person analyzing the data.
Thus, in this study it was decided to adopt the following methodology:
A) Determination of PR: All Digital TV receivers should operate normally until the threshold reception level, set at –77 dBm by the ABNT Standard. Therefore, the value at the DTV reception level of –77 dBm was considered for the PR determination;
(B) Determination of the Oth: The LTE interferer signal level at which the PR of the given channel deteriorates by 3 dB or more, when the desired DTV signal level is increased, was considered as the level of Oth of a given TV channel. It was considered that a deviation of 1 dB would not be suitable due to inaccuracies contained in the measurements.
Based on the methodology above, a Table of PRs was generated for all measured points. From this Table of PRs we selected the PRs of the DTV level of –77 dBm of all channels of each receiver tested, which were considered as the results of PR obtained in the tests. For the determination of Oth we generated from the data of the Table of PR another table, called the Table of ∆L, containing the values of the difference in PR of a certain level of DTV from the level immediately below. The Oth of a given DTV channel would be the LTE signal level that caused a PR deterioration greater than or equal to +3 dB.
The tables below have been developed considering the results of all DTV channels for each receiver, with the columns "Worst PR" and "Worst Oth" showing the worst values among the receivers tested for a specific DTV channel.
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Table 20: Downlink PR Downlink PR (dBm) Worst PR TV CH ABCDEF(dBm) 14 ‐71.3 ‐55.5 ‐85.4 ‐76.7 ‐63.2 ‐69.8 ‐55.5 15 ‐69.9 ‐55.5 ‐76.8 ‐61.7 ‐69.4 ‐55.5 16 ‐67.8 ‐56.1 ‐75.6 ‐61.9 ‐69.8 ‐56.1 17 ‐67.3 ‐56.0 ‐83.6 ‐75.6 ‐61.9 ‐69.0 ‐56.0 18 ‐68.6 ‐56.1 ‐83.4 ‐76.2 ‐61.7 ‐69.2 ‐56.1 19 ‐71.0 ‐56.1 ‐76.3 ‐61.8 ‐70.3 ‐56.1 20 ‐77.5 ‐56.2 ‐76.3 ‐59.1 ‐69.4 ‐56.2 21 ‐77.7 ‐55.8 ‐76.2 ‐58.1 ‐69.8 ‐55.8 22 ‐77.6 ‐55.6 ‐76.0 ‐58.8 ‐70.2 ‐55.6 23 ‐77.6 ‐60.9 ‐75.8 ‐60.6 ‐69.8 ‐60.6 24 ‐76.7 ‐60.9 ‐75.4 ‐61.7 ‐69.9 ‐60.9 25 ‐77.5 ‐61.2 ‐75.3 ‐62.0 ‐69.9 ‐61.2 26 ‐76.5 ‐60.8 ‐75.3 ‐61.9 ‐68.9 ‐60.8 27 ‐76.6 ‐60.8 ‐74.8 ‐61.7 ‐68.8 ‐60.8 28 ‐76.9 ‐60.8 ‐75.4 ‐61.9 ‐68.2 ‐60.8 29 ‐76.8 ‐60.9 ‐75.3 ‐61.7 ‐68.3 ‐60.9 30 ‐76.6 ‐60.8 ‐74.9 ‐61.7 ‐70.5 ‐60.8 31 ‐76.0 ‐60.8 ‐74.9 ‐61.8 ‐66.3 ‐60.8 32 ‐76.8 ‐55.3 ‐74.9 ‐61.8 ‐70.9 ‐55.3 33 ‐76.6 ‐55.2 ‐74.5 ‐61.9 ‐70.3 ‐55.2 34 ‐76.2 ‐55.3 ‐74.1 ‐61.8 ‐69.8 ‐55.3 35 ‐76.3 ‐55.3 ‐73.9 ‐61.9 ‐69.4 ‐55.3 36 ‐76.3 ‐55.4 ‐85.3 ‐73.4 ‐62.0 ‐66.8 ‐55.4 37 ‐76.2 ‐55.5 ‐77.0 ‐77.0 ‐55.5 38 ‐76.2 ‐55.3 ‐85.5 ‐73.4 ‐61.4 ‐70.0 ‐55.3 39 ‐76.2 ‐55.3 ‐73.3 ‐59.5 ‐69.8 ‐55.3 40 ‐76.0 ‐55.4 ‐85.1 ‐72.9 ‐59.4 ‐70.7 ‐55.4 41 ‐75.9 ‐55.4 ‐85.4 ‐72.9 ‐57.8 ‐70.6 ‐55.4 42 ‐75.5 ‐55.4 ‐72.5 ‐59.7 ‐66.9 ‐55.4 43 ‐75.3 ‐55.5 ‐72.2 ‐59.6 ‐70.6 ‐55.5 44 ‐73.5 ‐55.6 ‐71.8 ‐59.3 ‐69.3 ‐55.6 45 ‐73.0 ‐55.6 ‐71.6 ‐59.5 ‐69.1 ‐55.6 46 ‐72.1 ‐55.4 ‐71.2 ‐59.5 ‐68.9 ‐55.4 47 ‐45.8 ‐55.6 ‐56.0 ‐40.3 ‐59.6 ‐68.5 ‐40.3 48 ‐43.7 ‐55.5 ‐52.3 ‐37.1 ‐59.5 ‐67.2 ‐37.1 49 ‐43.5 ‐55.5 ‐49.4 ‐38.3 ‐59.5 ‐66.7 ‐38.3 50 ‐42.8 ‐55.5 ‐51.7 ‐37.1 ‐59.5 ‐65.9 ‐37.1 51 ‐41.9 ‐52.6 ‐50.8 ‐36.9 ‐54.3 ‐67.3 ‐36.9
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Table 21: Uplink PR Uplink PR (dBm) Worst PR TV CH ABCDEF(dBm) 14 ‐78 ‐76,6 ‐64,4 ‐70,1 ‐64,4 15 ‐77,9 ‐76 ‐65,9 ‐73,2 ‐65,9 16 ‐78 ‐75,8 ‐66,1 ‐72,8 ‐66,1 17 ‐78,2 ‐75,4 ‐66,1 ‐73,4 ‐66,1 18 ‐77,1 ‐75,3 ‐66 ‐73,7 ‐66,0 19 ‐77,4 ‐75,1 ‐65,9 ‐72 ‐65,9 20 ‐77,3 ‐74,9 ‐66,1 ‐70,7 ‐66,1 21 ‐77,5 ‐74,7 ‐66,2 ‐73,8 ‐66,2 22 ‐77,3 ‐74,6 ‐66,3 ‐73 ‐66,3 23 ‐76,9 ‐74,3 ‐66,3 ‐71,6 ‐66,3 24 ‐75,8 ‐74,5 ‐66,3 ‐72,6 ‐66,3 25 ‐77,2 ‐85,8 ‐74,4 ‐66,3 ‐71,9 ‐66,3 26 ‐76,7 ‐74,3 ‐66,3 ‐69 ‐66,3 27 ‐76,7 ‐74,2 ‐66,4 ‐71,5 ‐66,4 28 ‐76,8 ‐78,4 ‐66,2 ‐74,3 ‐66,2 29 ‐77,5 ‐78,5 ‐66 ‐72,6 ‐66,0 30 ‐77,9 ‐78,7 ‐66,2 ‐72 ‐66,2 31 ‐77,1 ‐78,7 ‐66,2 ‐67,3 ‐66,2 32 ‐78,3 ‐79 ‐66,2 ‐72,6 ‐66,2 33 ‐78,4 ‐79,2 ‐66,2 ‐71 ‐66,2 34 ‐78,9 ‐79,3 ‐66,2 ‐72 ‐66,2 35 ‐79 ‐79,1 ‐66,1 ‐69,9 ‐66,1 36 ‐78,7 ‐78,4 ‐66,2 ‐66,5 ‐66,2 37 0,0 38 ‐52,1 ‐59,5 ‐50,5 ‐65,8 ‐71,8 ‐50,5 39 ‐49,1 ‐55,1 ‐47 ‐63,3 ‐70,1 ‐47,0 40 ‐53,8 ‐61,4 ‐51,2 ‐65,5 ‐70,3 ‐51,2 41 ‐75,2 ‐86,3 ‐77,8 ‐65,4 ‐73,3 ‐65,4 42 ‐75,7 ‐78,3 ‐62,9 ‐67,1 ‐62,9 43 ‐71,5 ‐82,7 ‐77,1 ‐62,6 ‐72,6 ‐62,6 44 ‐69 ‐80,9 ‐75,4 ‐62,7 ‐73,4 ‐62,7 45 ‐69 ‐81,9 ‐73,3 ‐61,7 ‐72,3 ‐61,7 46 ‐53,2 ‐79,4 ‐65,9 ‐61,1 ‐67,9 ‐53,2 47 ‐53,4 ‐76,3 ‐63,8 ‐60,8 ‐69,5 ‐53,4 48 ‐49,7 ‐68,5 ‐58,2 ‐59,1 ‐66,9 ‐49,7 49 ‐46,2 ‐63,9 ‐55,1 ‐57,4 ‐65,4 ‐46,2 50 ‐44,6 ‐63,9 ‐50,7 ‐55,3 ‐65,8 ‐44,6 51 ‐40,7 ‐53,4 ‐42,3 ‐45,5 ‐60,3 ‐40,7
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Table 22: Co-Channel PR
Receiver A B C D E F
Downlink Co-CH PR 9.9 -1.2 10.6 10.6 6.9 12.5 (dBm)
Uplink Co-CH PR 13.3 _ 12.4 13.5 11.7 12.9 (dBm)
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Table 23: Downlink Oth Downlink Oth (dBm) Worst O TV CH th ABCDEF(dBm) 14 ‐3.7 7.6 1.5 ‐4.4 ‐4.4 15 ‐4.3 7.4 1.5 0.1 ‐4.3 16 ‐5.2 7.3 1.1 5.7 ‐5.2 17 ‐5.7 7.2 0.6 ‐0.1 ‐5.7 18 ‐4.7 7.1 8.4 0.8 ‐1.3 ‐4.7 19 ‐37.1 0.8‐3.6 ‐3.6 20 1.9 7.1 0.6 ‐4.7 ‐4.7 21 2 6.9 0.6 ‐5.3 ‐5.3 22 1.7 6.8 0.4 ‐5.4 ‐5.4 23 1.7 6.3 0.2 ‐4.3 ‐4.3 24 1.2 6.3 0 ‐2 ‐2.0 25 1.7 6.4 ‐0.2 ‐0.6 ‐0.6 26 0.7 5.8 ‐0.5 0.4 ‐0.5 27 0.7 6 ‐0.8 6 ‐0.8 28 1.1 5.9 ‐0.1 5.9 ‐0.1 29 1 5.7 ‐0.1 5.8 ‐0.1 30 1 5.6 ‐0.6 5.4 ‐0.6 31 0.7 5.5 ‐0.5 5 ‐0.5 32 0.9 5.6 ‐0.5 0 ‐0.5 33 0.9 5.3 ‐0.9 0.1 ‐0.9 34 0.6 5.4 ‐1.3 0 ‐1.3 35 0.6 5.3 ‐1.4 ‐0.1 ‐1.4 36 0.5 6 ‐2 ‐0.5 ‐2.0 37 0.5 5.1 0.5 38 0.2 4.9 ‐1.5 ‐1.8 ‐1.8 39 0.2 4.7 ‐2.3 ‐2.3 ‐2.3 40 0.2 4.6 8.8 ‐2.7 1.8 ‐2.7 41 0 4.5 ‐2.7 1.5 ‐2.7 42 ‐0.2 4.6 ‐3.1 ‐2.5 ‐3.1 43 ‐0.6 4.4 ‐3.2 ‐2.7 ‐1.8 ‐3.2 44 ‐24.3 ‐3.7 ‐37.5‐3.7 45 ‐2.4 4.1 ‐3.9 ‐2.9 ‐3.9 46 ‐33.8 ‐4.2 ‐4.1 ‐4.2 47 1 4 ‐4.3 ‐4.3 48 0.5 3.6 7.5 ‐4.6 ‐4.6 49 0.3 3.5 7.8 ‐4.2 ‐4.2 50 0.2 3.3 7.7 ‐51.2‐5.0 51 ‐0.1 4.1 7.6 ‐2.6 ‐2.6
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Table 24: Uplink Oth Uplink Oth (dBm) Worst O TV CH th ABCDEF(dBm) 14 1 ‐0,2 ‐0,2 15 0,9 ‐0,4 ‐0,4 16 1 ‐0,8 ‐0,8 17 1,2 ‐1,2 ‐1,2 18 0,1 ‐1,3 ‐1,3 19 0,4 ‐1,5 ‐1,5 20 0,3 ‐1,8 ‐1,8 21 0,5 ‐1,9 0 0,3 ‐1,9 22 0,3 8,9 ‐2 ‐2,0 23 ‐0,1 ‐2,1 ‐2,1 24 ‐1,2 8,3 ‐2,2 ‐2,7 ‐2,7 25 0,2 8,9 ‐2,2 ‐3,1 ‐3,1 26 ‐0,3 9,1 ‐2,4 ‐2,4 27 ‐0,3 ‐2,3 ‐2,3 28 ‐0,2 1,7 ‐0,2 29 0,5 2 2,2 0,5 30 0,9 2 3,6 0,9 31 0,1 2,2 9,4 0,1 32 1,3 9,3 2,5 9,4 1,3 33 1,4 8,9 2,9 9,4 1,4 34 1,9 3 1,9 35 2 3,2 2,0 36 1,7 3,2 9,4 1,7 37 0,0 38 6,7 9,1 7,8 9,3 6,7 39 5,6 9,2 9,3 5,6 40 2,7 7,8 9,1 2,7 41 1 9,3 2,8 8,9 1,0 42 1,1 3,2 8,3 1,1 43 ‐1,9 8,9 1,9 7,3 ‐1,9 44 ‐4,3 6,8 ‐0,2 6,2 ‐4,3 45 ‐5,4 6,9 ‐3,1 5,6 ‐5,4 46 ‐21,4 5,4 ‐10,1 4,3 8,5 ‐21,4 47 ‐21,1 3,3 ‐12,3 3,2 6,7 ‐21,1 48 ‐24 ‐4,5 ‐16,1 1,9 ‐24,0 49 ‐22 ‐19,3 0,2 ‐22,0 50 ‐28,6 7,8 ‐24 ‐1,2 ‐28,6 51 ‐12,7 ‐5,1 ‐3,6 ‐3,5 ‐9,6 ‐12,7
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3 INTERFERENCE SCENARIOS
A set of the most important scenarios of LTE signal interference in TV reception systems is presented as follows.
3.1 Interferences by Radio Base Station
In this section we present a set of models of interference scenarios caused by radio base stations (BSs) for different configurations of antenna installations in houses and residential buildings. The Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) method was adopted in the calculations of LTE interference levels in the input of the TV receiver.
Note: Parameters from Resolution 625/2013 and from the report on the study of interference conducted in Japan [6] (which in turn makes heavy use of parameters adopted by the ITU-R in its interference studies) were used.
3.1.1 Residence with External Antenna
Figure 65: Illustration of BS interference over a TV receiver with external antenna
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Table 25: LTE BS Interference level on TV receiver with external antenna BS LTE – TV Receiver with External Antenna Measuring Item Description Unit 1 LTE BS maximum transmitted power, e.r.p. 60.0 dBm 2 TX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane (downward tilt of 6.5°) -0.2 dB 3 TX BS LTE antenna EIRP in the direction of the TV antenna 59.8 dBm 4 Difference between antennas heights 30.0 M Distance between antennas (for minimum total loss – 5 214.0 M antenna radiation pattern + free space loss) 6 Free space loss -76.1 dB 7 LTE signal level received by TV antenna -16.3 dBm 8 Other losses 9 TV antenna gain 12.7 dBi 10 RX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane -0.6 dB 11 Booster gain dB 12 RX feeder loss -4.0 dB LTE signal level in the TV's antenna input -8.2 dBm
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3.1.2 Residence with External Antenna and Booster
Figure 66: Illustration of LTE BS interference on TV receiver with external antenna and booster BS LTE – TV Receiver with External Antenna and Booster Measuring Item Description Unit 1 LTE BS maximum transmitted power, e.r.p. 60.0 dBm 2 TX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane (downward tilt of 6.5°) -0.2 dB 3 TX BS LTE antenna EIRP in the direction of the TV antenna 59.8 dBm 4 Difference between antenna heights 30.0 m Distance between antennas (for minimum total loss – 5 214.0 m antenna radiation pattern + free space loss) 6 Free space loss -76.1 dB 7 LTE signal level received by TV antenna -16.3 dBm 8 Other losses 9 TV antenna gain 12.7 dBi 10 RX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane -0.6 dB 11 Gain of booster with 25 m of cable 12.0 dB 12 Loss in feeders of RX 0 dB LTE signal level in the TV's antenna input 7.8 dBm Table 26: LTE BS interference level on TV receiver with external antenna and booster
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3.1.3 Residence with Passive Internal Antenna
Figure 67: Illustration of BS LTE interference on TV receiver with passive internal antenna BS LTE – TV Receiver with Passive Internal Antenna Measuring Item Description Unit 1 LTE BS maximum transmitted power, e.r.p. 60.0 dBm 2 TX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane (downward tilt of 6.5°) -0.4 dB 3 TX BS LTE antenna EIRP in the direction of the TV antenna 59.6 dBm 4 Difference between antenna heights 38.5 M Distance between antennas (for minimum total loss – 5 269.0 M antenna radiation pattern + free space loss) 6 Free space loss -77.9 dB 7 Other losses (penetration on wall) -10.0 dB 8 LTE signal level received by TV antenna -28.3 dBm 9 TV antenna gain 0.0 dBi 10 RX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane -0.1 dB 11 Booster gain dB 12 RX feeder loss -2.0 dB LTE signal level in the TV's antenna input -30.4 dBm Table 27: BS LTE interference level on TV receiver with passive internal antenna
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3.1.4 Residence with Amplified Internal Antenna
Figure 68: Illustration of BS LTE interference on TV receiver with amplified internal antenna BS LTE – TV Receiver with Amplified Internal Antenna Measuring Item Description Unit 1 LTE BS maximum transmitted power, e.r.p. 60.0 dBm 2 TX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane (downward tilt of 6.5°) -0.4 dB 3 TX BS LTE antenna EIRP in the direction of the TV antenna 59.6 dBm 4 Difference between antenna heights 38.5 m Distance between antennas (for minimum total loss – 5 269.0 m antenna radiation pattern + free space loss) 6 Free space loss -77.9 dB 7 Other losses (wall penetration loss) -10.0 dB 8 LTE signal level received by TV antenna -28.3 dBm 9 TV antenna gain 0.0 dBi 10 RX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane -0.1 dB 11 Booster gain 25.0 dB 12 RX feeder loss -2.0 dB LTE signal level in the TV's antenna input -5.4 dBm Table 28: BS LTE interference level on TV receiver with amplified internal antenna
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3.1.5 Building with DTV Collective Antenna, Co-Located with LTE BS Antenna
For this scenario, a typical model of TV signal distribution in an apartment building was established and DTV signal gains and losses for the distribution system were set according to section11, "Considerations on Link Budget", of the DTV Standard ABNT NBR 15608 2D1:2008 [22] for a typical apartment. Once the parameters of the DTV distribution system were set, the level of the interfering LTE signal was calculated for the scenario.
Error! Reference source not found. shows a typical case of a DTV signal distribution model
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Figure 69: Model of DTV signal distribution with internal amplifier inside the apartment building
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Figure 70: Illustration of LTE BS interference on DTV collective antenna co-located with LTE antenna on the roof top of an apartment building
Table 29: LTE BS interference level on DTV receiver, with co-localized collective antenna BS LTE – TV Receiver with Co-Localized Collective Antenna Measuring Item Description Unit 1 LTE BS maximum transmitted power, e.r.p. 60.0 dBm 2 TX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane (downward tilt of 6.5°) -8.1 dB 3 TX BS LTE antenna EIRP in the direction of the TV antenna 51.9 dBm 4 Difference between antenna heights 0.0 M Distance between antennas (for minimum total loss – 5 3.0 M antenna radiation pattern + free space loss) 6 Free space loss -44.7 dB 7 LTE signal level received by TV antenna 7.2 dBm 8 TV antenna gain 12.7 dBi 9 RX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane 0.0 dB 10 Antenna feeder loss -4.0 dB 11 VHF–UHF combiner input level 15.9 dBm Combiner loss (1 dB) + 10 m cable loss up to the AMP (3.12 12 -4.12 dB dB) 13 LTE level at the AMP input 11.78 dBm 14 AMP gain (nominal) 50.0 dB
15 25m cable loss, down to the target floor (25 m) -7.8 dB
16 20 dB coupler -20.0 dB 17 10 m cable loss up to the connection point to the TV -3.12 dB
Level of LTE signal at the TV antenna input connector 30.86 dBm
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3.2 Interference from Mobile Terminal
In this section we present a set of interference models of LTE mobile terminals (UE) on DTV receivers for different configurations of residential TV antenna installations, and the levels of such interference were determined.
3.2.1 Residence with External Antenna
Figure 71: Illustration of LTE UE interference on TV receiver with external antenna
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Table 30 LTE UE Interference Level on TV Receiver with External Antenna LTE UE – TV Receiver with External Antenna Measuring Item Description Unit 1 LTE UE output power 23.0 dBm 2 LTE UE TX antenna gain 0.0 dBi 3 TX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane 0.0 dB 4 Antenna feeder loss 0.0 dB 5 UE LTE TX antenna EIRP in the direction of the TV antenna 23.0 dBm 6 Difference between antenna heights 8.5 M Distance between antennas (for minimum total loss – 7 22.0 M antenna radiation pattern + free space loss) 8 Free space loss -56.2 dB 9 Other losses (wall penetration) 0.0 dB 10 LTE signal level received by TV antenna -33.2 dBm 11 TV antenna gain 12.07 dBi 12 TV antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane -3.6 dB 13 Booster gain 0.0 dB 14 RX feeder loss -4.0 dB
Level of LTE signal at the TV antenna input connector -28.1 dBm
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3.2.2 Residence with External Antenna and Booster
Figure 72: Illustration of LTE UE interference on TV receiver with external antenna and booster
Table 31: LTE UE interference level on TV receiver with external antenna and booster. LTE UE – TV Receiver with External Antenna and Booster Measuring Item Description Unit 1 LTE UE output power 23.0 dBm 2 LTE UE TX antenna gain 0.0 dBi 3 TX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane 0.0 dB 4 Antenna feeder loss 0.0 dB 5 UE LTE TX antenna EIRP in the direction of the TV antenna 23.0 dBm 6 Difference between antenna heights 8.5 M Distance between antennas (for minimum total loss – 7 22.0 M antenna radiation pattern + free space loss) 8 Free space loss -56.2 dB 9 Other losses (wall penetration) 0.0 dB 10 LTE signal level received by TV antenna -33.2 dBm 11 TV antenna gain 12.7 dBi 12 TV antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane -3.6 dB 13 Booster gain with 25 m of cable 12.0 dB 14 RX feeder loss 0.0 dB Level of LTE signal at the TV antenna input connector -12.1 dBm
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3.2.3 Residence with Passive Internal Antenna
Figure 73: Illustration of LTE UE interference on TV receiver with passive internal antenna
Table 32: LTE UE Interference Level on TV Receiver with Passive Internal Antenna LTE UE – TV Receiver with Passive Internal Antenna Measuring Item Description Unit 1 LTE UE output power 23.0 dBm 2 LTE UE TX antenna gain 0.0 dBi 3 TX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane 0.0 dB 4 Antenna feeder loss 0.0 dB 5 UE LTE TX antenna EIRP in the direction of the TV antenna 23.0 dBm 6 Difference between antenna heights 0.3 M Distance between antennas (for minimum total loss – 7 0.4 M antenna radiation pattern + free space loss) 8 Free space loss -26.2 dB 9 Other losses (wall penetration) 0.0 dB 10 LTE signal level received by TV antenna -3.2 dBm 11 TV antenna gain 0.36 dBi 12 TV antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane -2.0 dB 13 Booster gain 0.0 dB 114 RX feeder loss -2.0 dB Level of LTE signal at the TV antenna input connector -6.84 dBm
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3.2.4 Residence with Amplified Internal Antenna
Figure 74: Illustration of LTE UE Interference on TV Receiver with Amplified Internal Antenna
Table 33: LTE UE interference level on TV receiver with amplified internal antenna LTE UE – TV Receiver with Amplified Internal Antenna Measuring Item Description unit 1 LTE UE output power 23.0 dBm 2 LTE UE TX antenna gain 0.0 dBi 3 TX antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane 0.0 dB 4 Antenna feeder loss 0.0 dB 5 UE LTE TX antenna EIRP in the direction of the TV antenna 23.0 dBm 6 Difference between antenna heights 0.3 M Distance between antennas (for minimum total loss – 7 0.4 M antenna radiation pattern + free space loss) 8 Free space loss -26.2 dB 9 Other losses (wall penetration) 0.0 dB 10 LTE signal level received by TV antenna -3.2 dBm 13 TV antenna gain 0.36 dBi 14 TV antenna radiation pattern Horizontal plane0.0 dB Vertical plane -2.0 dB 17 LTE UE level at the booster input -4.84 dBm 18 Booster gain 25.0 dB 19 RX feeder loss -2.0 dB Level of LTE signal at the TV antenna input connector 18.16 dBm
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3.3 Case of potential interference in large cities such as Sao Paulo
Figure 75 below shows two real examples of the presented models.
Figure 75: Left: building in Consolacao Avenue; right: Roberto Marinho Avenue in São Paulo city.
END OF REPORT
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Annex 1 – Combiner, Power Divider, and Impedance Matching Devices’ Characteristics
Complementary data related to the combiner, power divider and impedance matching devices utilized in the tests are presented as follows. The characteristics presented were obtained with an Agilent E5062A ENA Series – RF network analyzer.
The power splitter ZSC-2-4+ manufactured by Mini-Circuits was employed as a combiner and power divider in the test setups.
Figure A1.1: Photo of Mini-Circuits power splitter device
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Figure A1.2: Attenuation curve of Mini-Circuits power splitter
Figure A1.3: Attenuation curve of Mini-Circuits power splitter
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The impedance matching device utilized in the DTV receiver or STB input to convert the 50 ohm impedance of all equipment used in the test setup to 75 ohms is a resistive attenuator with minimum loss, manufactured by Huber & Suhner, with matching pad part no. 6001.01.B. The typical loss of the Matching Pad is 5.7 dB.
Figure A1.4: Photograph of the matching pad
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Annex 2 – Filter and Amplifier Used in LTE Signal Generation Path
The characteristics of the full band pass filter manufactured by Microwave Filter Co. and of the Itelco power amplifier utilized in the test setup of the LTE signal generation path are presented as follows. The characteristics presented were obtained with an Agilent E5062A ENA Series RF network analyzer.
Figure A2. 1: Photograph of Microwave Filter Co. RF band pass filter
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Perda (dB) 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 Frequência (MHz) Inserção Reflexão
Figure A2. 2: Microwave’s RF band pass filter characteristics
CONFIDENCIAL – COMERCIAL – EM – SIGILO Master Agreement: NUCOI-LTVD-892/2013 Page: 142 Report: Project: Date of Issue: NOV 4 2013
Figure A2. 3: Photograph of Itelco power amplifier
Figure A2. 4: Gain characteristics of Itelco power amplifier
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