International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 10, Issue 05, May 2019, pp. 806-814, Article ID: IJCIET_10_05_081 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=10&Issue=5 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication

EVALUATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATION IN MINULYO TRADITIONAL MARKET, PACITAN , Heru Sukresno Doctoral Program in Environmental Science, Postgraduate School, Brawijaya University, , Indonesia

Abdul Hakim Public Administration Department, Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Wike Public Administration Department, Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Aminudin Afandhi Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

ABSTRACT The traditional market is identical as a place of sale and purchase that become source of waste pollution. Given the importance of the role and existence of traditional markets, it is necessary to create a traditional market environment that is environmentally friendly, comfortable, clean and provide user satisfactions both of the traders and buyers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of traditional market policies in solid waste management in the Minulyo Traditional Market (MTM), Pacitan Regency, Indonesia. The total waste generated from buying and selling activities in MTM reaches 6.5 m3 or 600 kg/day consisting of organic waste of 5.25 m3 or 550 kg. Waste management in Pacitan Regency has been regulated by Pacitan Regency Government through regulation Number 1 of year 2011 concerning waste management. The distribution of waste in the MTM is by placing various small solid waste places in each strategic market place. Then periodically the solid waste from the place is taken to a temporary treatment station (TTS) beside the market. In TTS, solid waste was sorted by category. The organic solid waste was processed into compost. The results of this compost were distributed in the city park in Pacitan Regency to fertilize the plants. Solid waste that has economic properties such as bottles of mineral water, cardboard and certain types of plastic were collected for sale. While, solid waste residue was transferred to the final treatment station (FTS).

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Key words: management, compost, temporary treatment station, final treatment station. Cite this Article: Heru Sukresno, Abdul Hakim, Wike, Aminudin Afandhi, Evaluation of Solid Waste Management Regulation in Minulyo Traditional Market, Pacitan Regency, Indonesia, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 10(5), 2019, pp. 806-814. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=10&Issue=5

1. INTRODUCTION Traditional markets in Indonesia have a very important role. The traditional markets are considered to be one of the main drivers of community development, especially those living in rural areas [1]. It has proven to be able to withstand the economic crisis that has occurred in Indonesia. Traditional markets also have strong and stable commitments rather than easily changing macroeconomic activities [2]. Traditional markets are the center of popular economic activity based on local natural resources around the traditional market. Activities in traditional markets are a form of community independence in fulfilling their daily needs independently. For rural communities that are the center of agricultural production, breeders, fisheries, crafts or the results of small and medium enterprises, the existence of traditional markets can make it easier for people to sell their products [3]. For other communities the existence of traditional markets can make it easier to fulfill their daily needs at a relatively cheaper price. Traditional markets can also be regarded as one of the cultural heritages of the community [4]. The existence of market days is a legacy of local knowledge that is still used in determining market activities [5]. Besides buying and selling using money, there is a traditional market which in its trade uses a barter system. Traditional markets also function as providers of employment for some people who move daily. For the government, traditional markets are also one of the contributors' assets through merchant levies and taxes [6]. Although the existence of traditional markets is important for people's lives, it does not mean that there are no problems and challenges in the future management [7]. At present the existence of this traditional market is being displaced by the existence of modern shopping. Many people who switch to buying in modern shopping, due to the internal problems of traditional markets themselves [8]. At present the traditional market is identical as a place to buy slums, irregular, the cause of traffic congestion and as a place where crime often happens and is dirty because of the large amount of neglected garbage. This causes the traditional market to be one source of environmental pollution. Many organic and inorganic wastes pollute the environment around the market [9]. Given the importance of the role and existence of traditional markets, it is necessary to create an environmentally friendly market which create a comfortable, clean atmosphere and can provide satisfaction to the traders and buyers in it [1]. Clean traditional market sanitation conditions will be able to realize the goods sold are also clean and minimize the occurrence of diseases, especially merchandise in the form of food ingredients [10]. The importance of sanitation hygiene and traditional market environment has been realized by the central government and the blood through policy programs related to market cleanliness [11]. Pacitan Regency is an area in the southwest of Province. In this district traditional markets play an important role in the economy of the local community. Even in this region there has been a traditional market that has implemented a modern system in its management. This market is the MTM which has become an important market in the community life of Pacitan Regency but this market is also important in the lives of the people.

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In other regions because this market is a national pilot market. In an effort to improve the cleanliness of MTM, the Pacitan Regency government has implemented the program. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of traditional market policies in solid waste management in the Minulyo Traditional Market (MTM), Pacitan Regency, Indonesia.

2. METHOD 2.1. Time and Place This research was conducted at MTM, Baleharjo Village, Pacitan District, Pacitan Regency in February - October 2019.

2.2. Data Collection Techniques The method used in this study is a qualitative research method that produces descriptive data from observed objects with the aim of obtaining the full picture of a problem according to the views of the object under study. Qualitative research relates to perceptions, opinions of people studied, all of which cannot be quantified. Data collection techniques used in this study were in-depth interviews with stakeholders, field observations and document studies. Interviews are techniques of collecting data by asking questions directly by the interviewer to the key person and then recording or recording [12]. Interviews in this study were used to determine stakeholder perceptions in implementing waste management policies. Field observations were made to make direct observations on the object of study. Observations intended in this data collection technique are observations related to the number of stakeholders and the behavior of stakeholders in making hygiene efforts in the MTM. Whereas document studies are carried out by learning about documents related to waste. The document study was carried out by studying the documents from the Technical Management Unit of the MTM, the Department of Environment and the Trade Office of the Pacitan Regency.

2.3. Data Analysis Data analysis was carried out descriptively by writing events in the field with principal of data triangulation. The data triangulation needs to be done to validate research data [13]. In data triangulation there are four techniques, namely data triangulation (data triangulation), method triangulation (methodological triangulation), researcher triangulation (investigator triangulation) and theory triangulation. Data triangulation, namely in collecting data must use a variety of different data sources. Triangulation method is to test the validity of data by collecting similar data using different data collection methods. Triangulation of researchers, namely the results of research both data and conclusions regarding certain parts or the whole can be tested for validity from several researchers. The theory of triangulation is to test the validity of data using a perspective of more than one theory in discussing the problems studied, so that conclusions can be analyzed and drawn more intact and comprehensive conclusions [14].

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. General Condition in MTM Based on the results of field observation and documents studies of belonging to the Minulyo Market Technical Management Unit, it was known that the MTM was the largest market in Pacitan District and declared as a national pilot market. The total area of MTM is 24,761 m2,

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 808 [email protected] Evaluation of Solid Waste Management Regulation in Minulyo Traditional Market, Pacitan Regency, Indonesia with a building area of 6,197 m2. The MTM physical building is divided into several parts according to the trading activities in it, while the MTM physical building consists of several blocks and other buildings The number of service personnel in MTM is currently 23 people with a total of 886 traders, consisting of 278 people in the market, 233 kiosks traders, 54 people in the traders, 5 people in the powder shop, 60 people in the culinary kiosks and 310 people in the pedestrians. This market is open 24 hours and, in the afternoon, the total visitors reach 2025 people per day, with a length of visit per person of about one hour fifteen minutes The MTM based on traded merchandise is a common market with various types of merchandise. This causes the waste generated from the remnants of buying and selling activities in the form of inorganic waste and organic waste. The total waste generated from buying and selling activities in the MTM reaches 6.5 m3 or 600 kg per day. Consists of organic waste of 5.25 m3 or 550 kg (table 1).

Table 1. Waste produced by the Minulyo Market Per Day Type of waste Volume (m3) Weight (kg) Organic waste Vegetables and fruits 4 400 Food waste 0.25 50 Fish and meat trash 1 100 Inorganic waste plastic 1 25 paper 0.25 25 Glass n.a n.a Total Waste 6,5 600

3.2. Policies Related to Market Cleanliness in MTM Waste management in Pacitan District has been regulated in Pacitan Regent Regulation Number 1 of 2011 concerning waste management and other programs that support waste management policies. In accordance with Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2011 concerning Waste Management, stated the duties, rights and obligations of the Regional Government as well as the rights and obligations of the community. The regional government duties according to article 14 are as follows:  Developing and increasing public awareness in waste management. In this case the role of the government is very much needed in waste management, although there are no regulations that refer to waste management in the market but globally regulation Number 1 of 2011 can be a reference for waste management in the market  Conducting research, developing technology for reducing and handling waste. A new breakthrough must be from the policy holder's side, to support waste management in the Minulyo market. With research and the like, food will increase the handling of waste in the MTM.  Facilitating, developing and implementing efforts to reduce, handle and utilize waste,  Carry out waste management and facilitate the provision of infrastructure and facilities for waste management,  Encourage and facilitate the development of benefits from the results of waste management,  Facilitate the application of specific local technologies that develop in local communities to reduce and handle waste,

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 Coordinating between government agencies, communities and the business world so that there is integration in waste management (Pacitan District Regulation Number 1 of 2011 concerning Waste Management. In accordance with these regional regulations to ensure waste management, it is realized in government rights, as per article 16-point (1) government rights include:  determine the provisions for waste management licensing;  determine the amount of the levy tariff for waste management services. The government obligations as Article 16 point (2) are as follows:  provide waste management services to the community;  provide guidance to the community in terms of waste management;  provide waste transportation services from TTS to FTS;  conduct guidance and supervision of waste management;  provide adequate facilities and infrastructure for waste management;  encourage and support the community to carry out independent waste management activities;  conduct socialization and training on waste management to the community and business actors in waste management;  present a waste management information system;  carry out licensing provisions for waste management services in accordance with applicable laws and regulations;  follow up on public complaints about waste management services The rights of the people according to article 17 point (1) are as follows:  get a clean, beautiful comfortable and healthy environment. In line with the results of our interviews with the speakers on the market, who can increase buying and selling transactions at the MTM is the level of comfort. The market community must adhere to existing regulations. That way the MTM will look clean and comfortable  get services in good waste management and environmentally sound. In accordance with the reality in the field, if the community orderly implements the existing regulations, the local government in serving the community will be fast because of the conditions of the people who are stable and obedient to the existing regulations.  get correct, accurate and timely information about managing waste management.  obtain guidance so that they can carry out good waste management and are environmentally friendly.  participate in decision-making processes, implementation and supervision in the field of waste management. In addition to the number 1 regency regulation of Pacitan in 2011 concerning waste management in the waste problem in Pacitan district, it was also targeted by the regional government. This is because the Department of Environment starting in 2018 has imposed an obligation on local governments to carry out waste management, one of which is the reduction of waste in traditional markets.

3.3. Policy Implementation Efforts to collect solid waste in the MTM are carried out by placing various small solid waste places in each strategic market place. Then periodically the solid waste from the place is taken

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 810 [email protected] Evaluation of Solid Waste Management Regulation in Minulyo Traditional Market, Pacitan Regency, Indonesia to a temporary treatment station (TTS) beside the market. In TTS, solid waste was sorted by category. The organic solid waste was processed into compost. The results of this compost were distributed in the city park in Pacitan Regency to fertilize the plants. Solid waste that has economic properties such as bottles of mineral water, cardboard and certain types of plastic were collected for sale. While, solid waste residue was transferred to the final treatment station (FTS) (Figure 1). Based on observations in the field, there were still many solid waste problems in the MTM that have not been addressed yet. This was evidenced by the solid buildup of waste in various corners of the market as well as poorly maintained market facilities and infrastructure. MTM Temporary Treatment Staon

Organic waste Valuable inorganic waste Residue

Vegetables Food Fishes and Other Metals Plasc Transfer to FTS Plascs Paper and fruits wastes meats wastes and glasses wrap For selling Composng process Recycling process Market income Ferlizer for city garden

Figure 1. Waste management system in Minulyo traditional Market Based on the results of observations of compost, it showed traditional by decomposing existing waste, so that the process of decaying waste to get compost takes a long time and requires a lot of space. As for the problems of waste in the MTM and alternative solutions based on observations in the field were as follows (Table 2). First, it was necessary to give responsibility to groups of traders where the facilities and infrastructure are located. Second, to give responsibility to merchant groups where the location was located. Third, sorting of waste as a medium of learning to the community, while the last was to develop innovation in compost management.

Table 2. Alternative solutions to waste problems in the MTM No Problem Root of problem Solutions 1 Waste management There is no awareness of Giving responsibility to groups facilities were not market stakeholders to of traders where the facilities and maintained maintain existing facilities infrastructure are located and infrastructure 2 There was garbage that There is no awareness of Giving responsibility to merchant was not handled around market stakeholders to groups where the location is the market maintain cleanliness located 3 There was no sorting of - Sorting of waste as a medium of waste learning to the community 4 Composting is still - Developing innovation in simple compost management

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In the management of solid waste, implementing markets are various efforts such as the provision of market hygiene facilities in each market location, increasing human resources in the management of solid waste, increasing awareness of traders and visitors to maintain cleanliness in the market location. The implementation of policies through increasing the motivation of solid waste workers is reported to be able to support management performance [15]. In this effort to collect solid waste, it is necessary to separate solid waste from solid waste sources, so that it will facilitate the separation of solid waste at the FTS and at the same time educate market traders and visitors to participate in solid waste management. In another study it was reported that the success of solid waste management was strongly influenced by community participation. In the Indonesian context this form can be in the form of management through reducing solid waste from the source. Therefore, the form of community participation starts from the household scale and neighborhood group [16] and integrated solid waste management at integrated temporary treatment station (in Indonesia called TPST) which is developed at the city level. The first form of participation was carried out before solid waste is transferred to the TPST. Activities in waste management involving neighborhood groups were shaped by willingness, solidarity, trust and sensitivity of the members. This is the form of community behavior through experience and equipment [17]. As for the second form, management was carried out in each TPST. There were two main activities carried out through the two scenarios, namely reuse, recycling and composting. It is estimated that 23% - 40% of solid waste can be recycled so that the next requirement is managing organic solid waste [18]. With the recycling of waste and composting has a positive impact on reducing the waste pile to the FTS. This trade cycle and composting effort has been carried out in various traditional markets both in the country and abroad, such as the results of research conducted at the Traditional Market in the Hue city of Vietnam where this market produces a total waste of an average of 17.0 tons /day. This trash will be 4.6 tons (27.1%) used as animal feed. 0.6 tons (3.6%) is recycled. 55.2% is used as an ingredient for compost. With the recycling of waste, the amount of garbage sent to the landfill will decrease by around 8.8 to 69.2% [19]. In order to realize successful implementation an action plan is needed to present immediate and future suggestions to address issues such as operational management, institutional, financial aspects, public participation & environmental education [20]. The high- performance technical aspects, social and environmental relations. Effective and efficient waste management has been accepted as an emergent factor for future social development. The efforts require not only technical innovation, but also the [15].

4. CONCLUSION The MTM is the largest market in Pacitan Regency and is a national pilot market. The total waste generated from trading activities in the MTM reaches 6.5 m3 or 600 kg per day. Consists of organic waste of 5.25 m3 or 550 kg. Pacitan District waste management has been regulated in Pacitan Regency Regulation Number 1 of 2011 concerning waste management and other programs that support waste management policies. The distribution of waste in the MTM is by placing various small solid waste places in each strategic market place. Then periodically the solid waste from the place is taken to a temporary treatment station (TTS) beside the market. In TTS, solid waste was sorted by category. The organic solid waste was processed into compost. The results of this compost were distributed in the city park in Pacitan Regency to fertilize the plants. Solid waste that has economic properties such as bottles of mineral water, cardboard and certain types of plastic were collected for sale. While, solid waste residue was transferred to the final treatment station (FTS).

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In an effort to manage this waste, it was necessary to segregate waste from the source of waste so that it will facilitate the sorting of waste in temporary trash shelters and at the same time provide education to traders and market visitors. Based on the results of observations, composting was processed by decomposing existing waste, so that the process of composting takes a long time and requires a lot of space.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank the Director of Postgraduate School for permitting the research. We thank to Minulyo Market Technical Management Unit, Pacitan Regency. This research supported by Pacitan Regent Office. References

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