Leucaena leucocephala 1 leucocephala

Leucaena leucocephala

Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Unranked: Angiosperms Unranked: Unranked: Order: Family: Subfamily: Tribe: Mimoseae Genus: Leucaena Species: L. leucocephala Binomial name

Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit[1] Synonyms

[2] Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. Mimosa glauca L. Acacia glauca Willd.

Leucaena leucocephala is a species of small Mimosoid that is native to southern and northern ( and ).[1] [3] Common names include White Leadtree,[4] Jumbay, and White Popinac.[5] The specific name is derived from the Greek words λευκό, meaning "white", and κέφαλος, meaning "head", referring to its flowers.[6] It is known as Subabool in India. L. leucocephala is used for a variety of purposes, such as firewood, fiber and livestock fodder. It has been considered for production, as its reported yield of foliage corresponds to a dried mass of 2000–20000 kg/ha/year, and that of wood 30–40 m³/ha/year, with up to twice those amounts in favourable climates. Leucaena leucocephala 2

It is also efficient in nitrogen fixation, at more than 500 kg/ha/year. It has a very fast growth rate, young reach a height of more than 20 ft in 2–3 years. During the 1970s and 1980s it was promoted as a "miracle tree" for its multiple uses.[7] It has also been described as a "conflict tree" in that it is both promoted for forage production and spreads like a weed in some places.[2] This species is susceptible to insect infestations. In the 1980s, there was widespread loss in due to pest attack by psyllids.[8] In India, this tree was initially promoted for afforestation due to its fast growing nature. However, it is now considered unsuitable for urban plantation because of its tendency to get uprooted in rain and wind. Eight of every ten uprooted trees in Pune were subabuls.[9] The contain , an amino acid known to be toxic to non- (Gutteridge and Shelton 1998).[7] It provides an excellent source of high protein cattle fodder.[10]

Invasive properties Leucaena leucocephala is highly invasive in the arid parts of , the Hawaiian Islands, , and northern .[11] It grows quickly, and forms dense thickets which crowd out any native vegetation.[12] L. leucocephala is considered one of the 100 worst by the Invasive Species Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission.[2] The is also found in , , and and is considered weedy or invasive by some authorities.[13]

Names in other languages • Hawaiian: koa haole, meaning "foreign Acacia koa"[14] • India: Subabul • Indonesian: petai cina • Javanese: lamtoro or lamotorogung • Lao: kathin (Lao: ກະຖິນ) • : Bawzagaing • Spanish: Guaje[1] • Thai: krathin (Thai: กระถิน) • Tagalog: ipil-ipil,[5] santa-elena, santaelena[15] • Cebuano: byatilis or luyluy[16] • Japanese: Ginnem or ギンネム

Notes

[1] "Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit" (http:/ / www. ars-grin. gov/ cgi-bin/ npgs/ html/ taxon. pl?21959). Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1995-03-24. . Retrieved 2010-01-18.

[2] "Leucaena leucocephala (tree)" (http:/ / www. invasivespecies. net/ database/ species/ ecology. asp?si=23& fr=1& sts=sss& lang=EN). Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. . Retrieved 2010-01-18. [3] Hughes, Colin E. (1998). Monograph of Leucaena (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae). Systematic botany monographs v. 55. ISBN 091286155X.

[4] " Profile for Leucaena leucocephala (white leadtree)" (http:/ / plants. usda. gov/ java/ profile?symbol=LELE10). PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture. . Retrieved 2009-09-19.

[5] Ipil-ipil, Leucaena glauca (http:/ / www. bpi. da. gov. ph/ Publications/ mp/ html/ i/ ipil-ipil. html), BPI.da.gov.ph

[6] "Leucaena leucocephala" (http:/ / www. worldagroforestrycentre. org/ SEA/ Products/ AFDbases/ AF/ asp/ SpeciesInfo. asp?SpID=1069). AgroForestryTree Database. World Agroforestry Centre. . Retrieved 2010-01-18. [7] Gutteridge, Ross C., and H. Max Shelton. 1998. Forage Tree in Tropical Agriculture. Tropical Grassland Society of Australia, Inc.,

2.1 "Leucaena leucocephala - the Most Widely Used Forage Tree " (http:/ / www. fao. org/ ag/ AGP/ AGPC/ doc/ Publicat/ Gutt-shel/

x5556e06. htm)

[8] ODI - Alley Farming (http:/ / www. odi. org. uk/ nrp/ odi_alleyfarming. html) Leucaena leucocephala 3

[9] Das, Dipannita (8 May 2011). "Activists want Pune Municipal Corporation to allow cutting of subabul trees in city" (http:/ / www.

webcitation. org/ 5yXfaJYL9). The Times of India. Archived from the original (http:/ / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ city/ pune/

Activists-want-Pune-Municipal-Corporation-to-allow-cutting-of-subabul-trees-in-city/ articleshow/ 8200176. cms) on 9 May 2011. . Retrieved 9 May 2011.

[10] "Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) deWit." (http:/ / www. hort. purdue. edu/ newcrop/ duke_energy/ leucaena_leucocephala. html). hort.purdue.edu. . Retrieved 8 June 2010.

[11] "Leucaena Leucaena leucocephala" (http:/ / www. weeds. org. au/ cgi-bin/ weedident. cgi?tpl=plant. tpl& state=& s=& ibra=all& card=T20). Weed Identification & Information. Australian Weeds Strategy. . Retrieved 2009-09-19. [12] Kuo, Yau-Lun. "Ecological Characteristics of Three Invasive Plants (Leucaena Leucocephala, Mikania Micrantha, and Stachytarpheta

Urticaefolia) in Southern Taiwan." 12 1 2003.http:/ / www. agnet. org/ library/ eb/ 541/ (accessed 3 24 2008).

[13] "Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit white leadtree" (http:/ / plants. usda. gov/ java/ profile?symbol=LELE10). United States Department of Agriculture. . Retrieved 8 June 2010.

[14] Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "Koa haole, leucaena" (http:/ / www2. ctahr. hawaii. edu/ forestry/ trees/ CommonTreesHI/

CFT_Leucaena_leucocephala. pdf) (PDF). Common Forest Trees of Hawaii. United States Forest Service. . Retrieved 2010-01-18. [15] "Ipil-ipil, also known as santa-elena, santaelena". English, Leo James. Tagalog-English Dictionary. 1990.

[16] Wolff, John U. A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan. 1972. http:/ / bohol. ph/ wolff. php

External links

• Handbook of Energy Crops at Purdue University: Leucaena leucocephala (http:/ / www. hort. purdue. edu/

newcrop/ duke_energy/ Leucaena_leucocephala. html)

• Economics of Subabul Plantation (http:/ / www. odi. org. uk/ fpeg/ publications/ greyliterature/ socialforestry/

relwani/ index. html) In Hegde, N.G. and Abhyanker, P.D. (eds.) The Greening of Wastelands. • Relwani, L.L. & Hegde, N.G. 1986.

• Leucaena leucocephala factsheet (http:/ / www. tropicalforages. info/ key/ Forages/ Media/ Html/

Leucaena_leucocephala. htm) • Pradip Krishen, 'Trees of Delhi a Field Guide',DK publishers, Page 291, 2006 Article Sources and Contributors 4 Article Sources and Contributors

Leucaena leucocephala Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=430326356 Contributors: A12n, Abrahami, Agus elex 2005, AnakngAraw, Atrian, Atul616, Berton, Chill doubt, Clayirving, CommonsDelinker, Danny, Dysmorodrepanis, Eitch, EncycloPetey, Ethel Aardvark, Eugene van der Pijll, Fbkintanar, Gidip, Guettarda, Hesperian, JV057PANGESTIKA, Jaguarlaser, Jmgarg1, Maurohalpern, Mav, Mika T, Neutrality, Nipisiquit, Oops daisy, P L Logan, Prattflora, Ricardo Carneiro Pires, Rkitko, Satyadasa, Sci girl, StefanoC, Sudheerp99, TDogg310, Thonc, Txomin, Vuong Ngan Ha, Wikicentral, Xtzou, 27 anonymous edits Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

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