Leucaena leucocephala 1 Leucaena leucocephala
Leucaena leucocephala
Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Unranked: Angiosperms Unranked: Eudicots Unranked: Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Mimosoideae Tribe: Mimoseae Genus: Leucaena Species: L. leucocephala Binomial name
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit[1] Synonyms
[2] Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. Mimosa glauca L. Acacia glauca Willd.
Leucaena leucocephala is a species of small Mimosoid tree that is native to southern Mexico and northern Central America (Belize and Guatemala).[1] [3] Common names include White Leadtree,[4] Jumbay, and White Popinac.[5] The specific name is derived from the Greek words λευκό, meaning "white", and κέφαλος, meaning "head", referring to its flowers.[6] It is known as Subabool in India. L. leucocephala is used for a variety of purposes, such as firewood, fiber and livestock fodder. It has been considered for biomass production, as its reported yield of foliage corresponds to a dried mass of 2000–20000 kg/ha/year, and that of wood 30–40 m³/ha/year, with up to twice those amounts in favourable climates. Leucaena leucocephala 2
It is also efficient in nitrogen fixation, at more than 500 kg/ha/year. It has a very fast growth rate, young trees reach a height of more than 20 ft in 2–3 years. During the 1970s and 1980s it was promoted as a "miracle tree" for its multiple uses.[7] It has also been described as a "conflict tree" in that it is both promoted for forage production and spreads like a weed in some places.[2] This species is susceptible to insect infestations. In the 1980s, there was widespread loss in Southeast Asia due to pest attack by psyllids.[8] In India, this tree was initially promoted for afforestation due to its fast growing nature. However, it is now considered unsuitable for urban plantation because of its tendency to get uprooted in rain and wind. Eight of every ten uprooted trees in Pune were subabuls.[9] The seeds contain mimosine, an amino acid known to be toxic to non-ruminant vertebrates (Gutteridge and Shelton 1998).[7] It provides an excellent source of high protein cattle fodder.[10]
Invasive properties Leucaena leucocephala is highly invasive in the arid parts of Taiwan, the Hawaiian Islands, Fiji, and northern Australia.[11] It grows quickly, and forms dense thickets which crowd out any native vegetation.[12] L. leucocephala is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species by the Invasive Species Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission.[2] The plant is also found in California, Arizona, Texas and Florida and is considered weedy or invasive by some authorities.[13]
Names in other languages • Hawaiian: koa haole, meaning "foreign Acacia koa"[14] • India: Subabul • Indonesian: petai cina • Javanese: lamtoro or lamotorogung • Lao: kathin (Lao: ກະຖິນ) • Myanmar: Bawzagaing • Spanish: Guaje[1] • Thai: krathin (Thai: กระถิน) • Tagalog: ipil-ipil,[5] santa-elena, santaelena[15] • Cebuano: byatilis or luyluy[16] • Japanese: Ginnem or ギンネム
Notes
[1] "Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit" (http:/ / www. ars-grin. gov/ cgi-bin/ npgs/ html/ taxon. pl?21959). Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1995-03-24. . Retrieved 2010-01-18.
[2] "Leucaena leucocephala (tree)" (http:/ / www. invasivespecies. net/ database/ species/ ecology. asp?si=23& fr=1& sts=sss& lang=EN). Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. . Retrieved 2010-01-18. [3] Hughes, Colin E. (1998). Monograph of Leucaena (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae). Systematic botany monographs v. 55. ISBN 091286155X.
[4] "PLANTS Profile for Leucaena leucocephala (white leadtree)" (http:/ / plants. usda. gov/ java/ profile?symbol=LELE10). PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture. . Retrieved 2009-09-19.
[5] Ipil-ipil, Leucaena glauca (http:/ / www. bpi. da. gov. ph/ Publications/ mp/ html/ i/ ipil-ipil. html), BPI.da.gov.ph
[6] "Leucaena leucocephala" (http:/ / www. worldagroforestrycentre. org/ SEA/ Products/ AFDbases/ AF/ asp/ SpeciesInfo. asp?SpID=1069). AgroForestryTree Database. World Agroforestry Centre. . Retrieved 2010-01-18. [7] Gutteridge, Ross C., and H. Max Shelton. 1998. Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture. Tropical Grassland Society of Australia, Inc.,
2.1 "Leucaena leucocephala - the Most Widely Used Forage Tree Legume" (http:/ / www. fao. org/ ag/ AGP/ AGPC/ doc/ Publicat/ Gutt-shel/
x5556e06. htm)
[8] ODI - Alley Farming (http:/ / www. odi. org. uk/ nrp/ odi_alleyfarming. html) Leucaena leucocephala 3
[9] Das, Dipannita (8 May 2011). "Activists want Pune Municipal Corporation to allow cutting of subabul trees in city" (http:/ / www.
webcitation. org/ 5yXfaJYL9). The Times of India. Archived from the original (http:/ / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ city/ pune/
Activists-want-Pune-Municipal-Corporation-to-allow-cutting-of-subabul-trees-in-city/ articleshow/ 8200176. cms) on 9 May 2011. . Retrieved 9 May 2011.
[10] "Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) deWit." (http:/ / www. hort. purdue. edu/ newcrop/ duke_energy/ leucaena_leucocephala. html). hort.purdue.edu. . Retrieved 8 June 2010.
[11] "Leucaena Leucaena leucocephala" (http:/ / www. weeds. org. au/ cgi-bin/ weedident. cgi?tpl=plant. tpl& state=& s=& ibra=all& card=T20). Weed Identification & Information. Australian Weeds Strategy. . Retrieved 2009-09-19. [12] Kuo, Yau-Lun. "Ecological Characteristics of Three Invasive Plants (Leucaena Leucocephala, Mikania Micrantha, and Stachytarpheta
Urticaefolia) in Southern Taiwan." 12 1 2003.http:/ / www. agnet. org/ library/ eb/ 541/ (accessed 3 24 2008).
[13] "Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit white leadtree" (http:/ / plants. usda. gov/ java/ profile?symbol=LELE10). United States Department of Agriculture. . Retrieved 8 June 2010.
[14] Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "Koa haole, leucaena" (http:/ / www2. ctahr. hawaii. edu/ forestry/ trees/ CommonTreesHI/
CFT_Leucaena_leucocephala. pdf) (PDF). Common Forest Trees of Hawaii. United States Forest Service. . Retrieved 2010-01-18. [15] "Ipil-ipil, also known as santa-elena, santaelena". English, Leo James. Tagalog-English Dictionary. 1990.
[16] Wolff, John U. A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan. 1972. http:/ / bohol. ph/ wolff. php
External links
• Handbook of Energy Crops at Purdue University: Leucaena leucocephala (http:/ / www. hort. purdue. edu/
newcrop/ duke_energy/ Leucaena_leucocephala. html)
• Economics of Subabul Plantation (http:/ / www. odi. org. uk/ fpeg/ publications/ greyliterature/ socialforestry/
relwani/ index. html) In Hegde, N.G. and Abhyanker, P.D. (eds.) The Greening of Wastelands. • Relwani, L.L. & Hegde, N.G. 1986.
• Leucaena leucocephala factsheet (http:/ / www. tropicalforages. info/ key/ Forages/ Media/ Html/
Leucaena_leucocephala. htm) • Pradip Krishen, 'Trees of Delhi a Field Guide',DK publishers, Page 291, 2006 Article Sources and Contributors 4 Article Sources and Contributors
Leucaena leucocephala Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=430326356 Contributors: A12n, Abrahami, Agus elex 2005, AnakngAraw, Atrian, Atul616, Berton, Chill doubt, Clayirving, CommonsDelinker, Danny, Dysmorodrepanis, Eitch, EncycloPetey, Ethel Aardvark, Eugene van der Pijll, Fbkintanar, Gidip, Guettarda, Hesperian, JV057PANGESTIKA, Jaguarlaser, Jmgarg1, Maurohalpern, Mav, Mika T, Neutrality, Nipisiquit, Oops daisy, P L Logan, Prattflora, Ricardo Carneiro Pires, Rkitko, Satyadasa, Sci girl, StefanoC, Sudheerp99, TDogg310, Thonc, Txomin, Vuong Ngan Ha, Wikicentral, Xtzou, 27 anonymous edits Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
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