PCC.ll. 500 CENSUS OF INDIA 1951
VOL. ~li PART lB
VIT_f\.L STATISTICS WEST BENGAL
1941-19~"
BY A. MITRA of the Indian Civil Service, Superintendent of Census Operations, West Bengal,
and
P.G.~HOUDHURY, . Assista1:t Director of Health Services, Vital Statistics, W€st Bengal.
PmiLISHI:D BY THE MANAGER OF PuBLICATIONS. DEIHL PRL'\"TED BY THE Go• "_i!!\"MDff OF bl!IA PRESS, CALCVTTA INDIA :95~. • •
Price : Rs. 2--1 or 3sb. 9d. List of A{ents In India from whom Gonrnment of India PubllcaUons are available. AGRA- CALCLTTA- F:nslab B
. •For Hindi Publications only. [colllillwtd 011 i""" side of th1 btull cover.] CENSUS OF INDIA 1951
VOL. VI PART lB
VITAL STATISTICS WEST BENGAL 1941-1950
BY A. MITRA of the Indian Civil Service, Superintendent of Census Operations, West Bengal,
and P. G. CHOUDHURY, Assistant Director of Health Services, Vital Statistics, West Bengal.
PuBLISHED BY THE MANAGER OF PuBLICATIONS, DELIII. Pt\INT!:D BY TilE GoVERNMENT OF INDIA PREss, CALCUTTA UDYao •. 1952. . . • .... CONTENTS
PREFACE PAGE
1 Preliminary . remarks Errors in registration of vital statistics · . 3 4 Births 4 Deaths Deaths by age, sex and communities 4 Deaths classified by cause of death 5 Death rate from child birth . 8 Health Services of West Bengal 10 Food production 11 13 Roads Protected water supply 14 Housing in crowded areas 16 Diet 18 Middle class family budget enquiry, 1945-46 20
TABLES
1. Table 1. Actual number of births and deaths annually reported for each sex for the State of West Bengal during the decade 1941-50 21 2. Tables 1.1-1.10. Actual number of births and deaths reported for each sex in the State of West Bengal, division and district during 1941-50 . • 21-26 3. Table 2. Total births 1941-50 for each year by male and female and by district 27 4. Table 3. Births rates-number of births per one thousand of the total population calculated on the population of 1941 for the year 1941~50 and each individual year by male and female and districts • 27 5. Table 4. Births rates-number of births per one thousand of the total population calculated on the estimated population on 30th June of each year 1941-50 and for each year specially by male and female, district by district 28 6. Table 5. Female births reported per one thousand male births reported annually in each district 1941-50 and for each year . 28 7. Table 6. Total deaths 1941-50 and for each year by male and female, by districts . 29 8. Table 7. Death rate-number of deaths per one thousand of the same sex calculated on the population of 1941 for 1941-50 and for each year by male and female and by district 29 9. Table 8. Death rat~number of deaths per one thousand of the same sex calculated on the estimated population :m 30th Juna of each year 1941-50 by male and female and district • 30 10. Table 9. Annual death rate by sex and age groups 1941-50 (deaths reported per one thousand of the same sex and age living at the census of 1941) for 1941-50, for each year by male and female and by age groups . 30 11. Table 10. Female deaths per one thousand male deaths annually in each district ]Jl41-50 and for each year 31 12. Table 11. Number of deaths annually reported for each sex at given age groups 1941-50 for males 31 13 .. Table 12. Nwnber of deaths annually reported for each sex at given age groups 1941-50 for females • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 32 14. Table 13. Female deaths per one thousand male deaths annually by selected religions 19U-50 and for each year . • • • • • • • • . . • • 33 15. Table 14. Monthly average number of female deaths per one thousand male deaths all religions (Hindu and Muslim) for 1941-50 arranged by the 12 months 33 16. Tables 15.1-15.12. Annual deaths from selected causes, i.e., cholera, fever, SII'all-pox · plague, dysentery, diarrhrea, enteric group of fevers, respiratory diseases other than tuberculosis of lungs, suicide, child birth, malaria, kala-azar, tuberculosis of lungs and snake bites by sex 1941-50 actual deaths reported, year by year and for period 1941-50 by male and female, district by district (12 tables) • • . . • • • . 34-39 17. Tables 16.1-16.12. Annual death rate from selected causes as stated above by sex 1941-50. Reported annual death rate per one thousand of the same !.ex calculated on the population of 1941 for 1941-50 and for each individual year by male and female (12 tables) ~ ~0-45 11. Tables 17.1-11.12. Number of deaths reported from ·selected causes as stated above per OIMP thousand deaths from all causes by sex for period 1941-50 and Lor eacb year b7 male and female. district by district (12 tables) • • 46-51 APPENDICES L Appendix A-A brief account of the history_of Vital Statistics in West Bengal 52 2. • B-Extracts from the Report of a Pilot Survey held in the districts of Bankura. Nadia. 24-Parganas. Maida and Darjeeling in the year 1~48 • 56 3. C-The Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act of 1873 • 62 4. I-Milestones in the development of vital statistics in India and outside . 64 " II-A calendar of registration of vital events from 1870 in Bengal 64 5. " 8. III-List of Notifiable Diseases • 66 .,. " IV-Births and Deaths since 1870 in districts of West Bengal • 67 V-Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal • 69 8. " 1-REFACg 'It is as reasonable to represent one kind of imprisonment by another, as it is to represent anything that really exists by that which exists not ! ' -" Robinson Crusoe's Preface " to the third volume of Robinson Crusoe-Daniel Defoe (quoted by Albert Camus in The Plague).
At the instance of the Superintendent o1 never sought to be improved, is breaking down Census Operations, West Bengal and Sikkim, the for apathy and lack of administrative supervi Assistant Director, Vital Statistics, to the Direc sion. The importance and val.ue of vital statis torate of Health Services, Wesi Bengal, compiled tics for Public Health Departments, to medical sixty tables of which eighteen were principal science and to other social needs are increasingly and fortytwo . subsidiary. The tables were realised. In an atmosphere thick with the fumes devised on the subsidiary tables and statement~ of planning the fact that Vital Statistics " define printed in the 1931 and 1921 Reports for the the problems and meas:ure the results of public Census of Bengal thus making comparisons health work ", and form the basjs ot aU intell~ possible over a period of forty years (1911-1950). gent programmes is generally admitted, medical The fortytwo supporting tables yield details men and researchers deplore the present state hitherto inaccessible to any but departmental and method of collection, while the uses of a workers and crude absolute figures are given as birth or death certificate are becoming far too much as possible, considering how misleading numerous even in the life of the common man. percentages and rates are liable to be of But the determination to improve registration is figures already suspect and often patently lacking. Very few of us even know that a birth spurious. or a death is compulsorily notifiable within eight One can quite pertinently ask, why, then, days of its occurrence, that the law lays down bother to publish figures that are incorrect, if penalties for failure to report, that this law is not false, that underestimate several kinds of as old as 1873. This legislation has never had vital occurrences as much as several times the teeth in it. A pilot survey conducted in 1947-48 published figure? Are they intended for make by the Assistant Director, Health Services, Vital belief, whitewash or an apology? Statistics, to the Directorate of Health Services, It will not take the experienced eye more in certain parts of West Bengal recor¢f,ed wide than a few minutes to discover how untrust spread apathy, even hostility on the part of worthy the crude figures are by themselves, and, physicians and midwives towards registration. indeed this little preface will not attempt to The State Government now propose to introduce conceal the many defects and loopholes. Yet the compulsory issue of bir.th certificates to all the tables are presented with two objects in school-going children in Primary and Secondary view. Firstly, it seeks to focus public attention Schools and thereby popularise birth and death on the deplorable state of birth and death regis.;, registration. They also propose to fasten the tration in our country. In 1933 L. S. Vaidya responsibility of reporting births and deaths on nathan observed in his Actuarial Report on the physicians and midwives through the Rural Census of India 1931 that "a study of the figures Health Centres, but :until the importance of in the Table will show that Delhi, Assam and registration is drjven home to the minds of the Bengal are almost in the vanguard of provinces common people through long years of steady that maintain inaccurate vital records as the propaganda, physicians and 1 midwives made increases in the population of the decade in legally liable, the chances o~ the idea catching these provinces traced through vital records are on are small. The U. S. Department of Com nearly 64, 61, and 57 per cent. respectively in merce through the U. S. A. Census Bureau defect of the increases revealed by the census issues to every physician a Physician's Handbook 1 enumeration." As will be presently stated the on Birth and Death Registration which d~scribes position, instead of improving, has deteriorated the duties of physicians and midwives on the even by 1931 standards. · filling of certificates of birth and death, the Not that registration of vital occurrences method of their preparation, the importance of even in countries like Great Britain and the registration, the system of registration, and an U. S. A. is perfect, but whereas ·in these and International List of causes of Death for ready other countries a ceaseless effort goes on to per reference and as if to interest and invite the fect the machinery by legislation and propa physician to take pride in his work as a contri ganda, the primitive machinery in our country, bution to the Nation, it publishes as an appendix 'Census of India, Vol. I; Part -1 India Report, p. 111. C eight tables and four charts summarising and showing the trends of vital occurrences in the tion of refugees into West Bengal lrom l'ak.istan U. S. A. First prepared in 1910 it was revised and the steady migration into Calcutta and other and published in 1939 and given to every practi districts from other Indian States and foreign tioner. 1 A similar booklet, and an imperative countries. Displaced persons from Pakistan maud in the law's grammar Iespecting them, numbered 2,117,896 inclusive of Cooch Behar and may induce physicians and midwives to take without that district 1,999,15-1 on 1 March and more active interest. although clear instructions were issued to enu In the second place, the tables, while they merators not to show as displaced infants and are their own apology and although the crude children born to displaced parents after their figures they record must be largely fictitious, yet immigration, it is by no means certain that these present a picture consistent within their frame instructions were strictly observed. Figures of work, a logic of reality in spite of the figures immigration into West Bengal during the decade being unreal. It will be seen that underregistra cannot be set off against tutal increase so readilv, tions are fairly uniform and do not take sudden because immigration in the census is judged by leaps and bounds from year to year, and the ~eturn of place of birth and not by date of entry texture of reporting of vital occurrences by mto the State. Thus the figures of immigration causes of death has the virtue of an even tension. that will be eventually published in the Census In the majority of the tables few distinct trends tables will include those that were counted as are noticeable-this corresponds to gen,eral and migrants in past censuses and only detailed but expert experience-and insofar as they are so, faulty investigation by age groups may yield a they yield clues to the real state. This achieves partial clue to the figures of migration between 1 the second object, that the tables exhibit ratios, 1941 and 1950. Natural increase is therefore very tensions and relations that correspond to reality, difficult to assess and Statement 1 merely gives while the data are unreal-and therefore do not iri absolute figures the excess of registration of deserve to be summarily dismissed. They give births over deaths by sex and district. But it is food for thought. pertinent to try to assess the natural increase by Population-West Bengal's population in the the exclusion of displaced persons which yields 1951 Census (1 March) stands at 24,810,308. · The 2,942,697 less 1,999,154 or 943,543 for West Bengal population in 1941 (1 March) for the same area excluding Cooch Behar, or an increase at the rate was 21,837,295. There has been thus an apparent of 4·51 per cent. for the decade or an annual rate increase of 2,973,013 persons or- 13·6 per cent. in of increase of ·46 per cent. The excess of births population over the decade. But in the over deaths numbered 362,105. following discussion, figures of Cooch Behar Errors in registration of vital events-When ' not having been included in the tables, the popu this figure is compared with the actual increase lation of Cooch Behar is excluded upon which of population over the decade it reveals a defect the population of West Bengal stood at 24,139,150 of about 88 per cent. in the registration of births on 1 March 1951 and 21,196,453 on 1 March 1941, and deaths. The findings for each district in showing an apparent increase of 2,942,697 or 13·9 Statement 1 will show a similar degree of defect per cent. in population over the decade. This and a very similar ratio. If, however, the total however does not take into account the immigra- of displaced persons is considered the defect in
STATEMENT 1 Vital Statistics 1941-51 Varlatloa EsceM .Llllf•...,nce 1Hl·Ol of blrtb e&Ofloo(+) I.AJiumo Ilia ('-t-naua ~DIU.. aooordlntl to JllrUte .Lleat.ba over death(+) delle"(-) pt~r•·.,nt•.ce 111,1•1111 d•llcleooy (-) Of ooilUDD toeuluma 6 l>btrlc\1 111U IIIU ...... 111,1-i>U E:.o-(+) and during inter· oYer deilci4JiacJ' (-) -period ...... ' I s 6 e 7 +:U.l,41l0• "1<4 ' + %1!1,2711 J..,t - 17,0ilt b~ + 47 .~'tit ~" + 1011,\1.14 67 + J;j.J,611l: 1111 + IHJ,7•l + ~~~.~J7 Jill"'' ...-;il.i.~ilt 1114 + .... .Jfl,. .:.v + '""·~~~ 114 + ·~.471 7• + 11,1111 ... ""'·Jtl ""7J
• Phy,idan's Handbook on Birth and Death Registration: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Ceusua 1939. Pril:ed 1~ cents but available without charie from the Bureau of the Cew~ upon reque:.t. registration reduces to 62 per cent. and State- of the primary reporters-the village watchman mcnt 2 gives Statement 1 corrected fo~ t~e -deserted owing to their meagre pay or recruited numbers of displaced persons for every d1stnct in the World· War ll or removed by famine in and for the State. This defect would no doubt 1943, not replaced until after· several years, reduce further if an accurate assessment of reasons sufficient to cause a grievous breakdown migrants were possiLle but even then the defect were it not that the law held a great deal of in registration does not compare unfavourably fear and sanctity for this class of people, the with that of the previous decade (1931-40) which defect in ·registration cannot· be regarded as was 62·3 per cent. Considering that a great many unusual.
STATEMENT2 Errors in Registration of Vital Statistics (without Displaced Population) 1941-51 · ·
Natural Dlslrlcta Census Census Difference in Displaced • incre&ll6 Births Deatba DUrerence Col. (6) Col. 10 In 11141 1961 population population In 1941·60 1941-50 min a• percentage population Col.(9) to Col. 6 2 8 4 I) 6 7 8 '10 i1 Burdwao 1,890,732 2,191,667 + 300,936 96,105 +204,830 421,749 872,214 + 49,636 + 166,295 76 Blrbhum 1,048,317 1,066,889 + 18.572 11,783 + 6,789 277,689 287,396 - 9, 707 • + 16,496 24 3 }lankura 1,289,640 1,819,259 + 29,619 9,294 + 20,326 8!6,624 268,935 + 46,689 - 26,364 130 Mldnapur 8,190,647 3,359,022 + 1es,375 83,579 +134,796 771,046 649,876 + 121,170 + 13,6~6 . 10 1,877,729 1,65',320 + 176,591 61,153 +125,4311 308,863 233,206 + 76,667 + 49,781 40 :~~~~?f . 1,490,304 1,611,373 + 121,069 61,096 + &9,1178 244,837 257,270. - 12,438 . '. 72,406 121 · 24-Parganaa • 8,669,490 4,609,309 + 939,819 627,262 +412,557 668,128 Calcutta • 2,108,891 2,648,677 + 4.iP,786 433,228 + 6,658 844,718 m:g~g .:!:. :~:m' .t s~::r~: .' 1,sl~ 840,303 1,144,924 + Bv4,621 426,907 -122,286 226,391 237,648 - 11,257 - 111,029 Ill ~ ~~!~fdabad • 1,640,530 1,715,759 + 75,229 68,729 + 16,600 429,699 898,734 + 80,866 - 14,365 87 West Dlnajpur 683,484 720,673 + 137,089 1,16,610 + 21,679 148,989 140,166 + 8,824 . +. 12,765. 69 Jalpalgurl 845,702 914,638 + 68,836 98,572 -29,736 231,963 216 689 + 16,864 - 46,100 156 Darjeellng 376,869 445,260 + 68,891 15,738 • + 63,163 106,826 98,050 +· 7,776 + 45,878 86 .Maida 8H,Sl5 937,580 + 93,265 60,lo98 + 33,067 165,678 140,437 + 26,136 + 7,1131 '24
, ToTAL ror Weat Bengal 21,1116,453 24,139,160 +2,942,697 1,999,154 +943,643 4,660,984 4,298,879 t362,106 + 681,488 62 J (excluding Ooocb Behar) · Applying the average rate of increase over the _deaths over births continued in' ) Burdwan, decade, and excluding the displaced population, Bankura, Midnapur, 24-Parganas and Malda in the annual increase in population comes to 94,354 1943 and 1944 ; in Howrah, Nadia, Murshidabad, or 4·5 per mille. The decade had no de-arth of Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling through 1943, 1944 and Malthusian checks, of which more presently. 1945. In Calcutta excess of deaths over births The ardent Malthusian will be delighted at the chimed in with this trend and swelled the figures poor rate of growth to the curbing of which war, inordinately. Birbhum took the .longest time· to famine, pestilence, civil commotion and rioting recover ; excess of deaths over births contin:ued and chopping off of the country lent generous till the end of 1947, to recover slightly in 1948 and hands. Table 3 shows the total . births by 1949, to relapse again in 1950 ... Table 1 gives the male and female, district by district, year by year, births and deaths annually reported for the State as well as the decennial average for the whole of of West Bengal for 1941--50 and confirms the above West Bengal, while Table 7 correspondingly conclusions. The year 1950 was a year of bad shows the total deaths. The devastating sweep of health and epidemics and in Birbhum, Nadia and· the famine will be evident from a comparison of West Dinajpur deaths exceeded births. . Births the two tables. Only two districts, Hooghly and gained their peak in 1946,-life asserting itself West Dinajpur, showed a small excess of births over death-to taper off to norm~l p:r:o_portions · over deaths in 1943, and Darjeeling showed a towards 1950, and figures of birth rates at the small excess in respect of female births. All end of the decade as well as of death rates may other districts went down heavily under the nourish hopes of a small falling rate in · both.' sickle of death, whereas none of them, except But how far this seemingly reducing birth· Calcutta, where a trend of depopulation seems to and death rates are real cannot be assessed be chronic up to the end of 1948, showed signs of with certitude, because on all showing there a decreasing population up to 1942. Between may have been a further fall in ; efficiency of 1881 and 1890 there was a bad famine and the registration since 1946. The average number of Census Report for 1891 had occasion to observe· female births per 1,000 male births was 926·2 for how it took from three to four years to restore 1941-50 and that for deaths was 918·5, 'and while 1 the vitality of the worst affected tracts • A the figures from year to year have fluctuated and similar period was taken after 1943. Births show no definite regular trend it is a matter of touched the lowest mark in almost all districts in concern that female deaths per 1,000 male deaths 1944 the year immediately after the famine, while touched their peak in 1949 (955·6) for the decade, they touched the highest in 1946. The excess of while figures for 1944-50 have been much higher 1 Census of India. 1891. Report Volume, p. 62. than those for 1941-43 (Table I): .. Birtlu-The distribution of births by sex, year The remaining districts do not show any notice and district during 1941-50 is shown in :J'able 3 able preponderance uf male deaths per 1.000 while the birth rates are shown in Tables -1, 5 males over female deaths per 1,000 fer.~ales, but and 6. About 466 thousands of births per year just a narrow often doubtful margin. The pre were the normal experience for the State, 242 ponderance of female deaths per mille females thousands being males and 224 thousands females, over male deaths per mille males has been less thus yielding a birth rate of 24·0 per mille on an than 2 in most districts and years but in Calcutta average in the middle of each year, of which 12·3 was as much as 20·2 in 1950, 18 6 in 1943, 18 In per mille were males and 11·7 were females. 1943. 16·1 in 1944, 15·4 in 1949. 1-1·4 in 1!l·l7. 12·1 There were more males born than females and in 1945, 11·5 in 1941, 11·1 in 1946, 5·5 in 1942 and the rate, 926·2 female births per 1,000 male births, 14·3 as the annual average for the dE:-C'ade (cal· for 1941-50 represents more or less the rate for culated on the estimated population at the middle the individual intermediate years. The birth rate of each year). This is 86 per cent. more than the starting at 25·5 in 1941 touched its lowest in 1944 specific death rate for males in Calcutta and the at 17·9 as a result of the Famine, climbed again reason should be investigated. to 24·7 in 1946 to fall off steadily to reach 20·7 The maximum deaths were registered in per mille in 1950. Before 1943 a birth rate of over Burdwan, Hooghly, Howrah, Calcutta, Maida, 30 per mille of population was recorded by the West Dinajpur and Jalpaiguri in 1944, the year districts of Birbhum (34·2 in 1941 and 34·8 in following the famine. It is possible that deaths 1942), Nadia (32·6 in 1941 and 33·8 in 1942), in these districts had been greater in 1943, and Murshidabad (34·5 in 1941 and 33·0 in 1942), went unregistered. Of these, none except Jalpaigurl (30·7 in 1941 and 30·9 in 1942) and Burdwan and West Dinajpur was a surplus rice Darjeellng (30·1 in 1941), and a birth rate below growing district. Deaths touched their maxi· 20 per mille was noticed only in the districts of mum in 1943 in the other districts (Birbhum, llowrah (19·7 in 1941 and 15·7 in 1942), Calcutta Bankura, Midnapur, 24-Parganas, Nadia, and (13·9 in 1941 and 9·4 in 1942) and Maida (17·9 in Murshidabad) all of which were either surplus or 1941 and 14·0 in 1942). The birlh rate imme self-sufficient in food-grains in normal times. diately after the Famine (1944) was lower than Before 1943, death rates above 25 per mille were that in 1941 In almost all districts, and the propor· recorded in the districts of Nadia and Darjeeling, tionate fall in the birth rate was maximum in the a death rate above 20 but below 25 per mille in district of Murshidabad (17·9) to be followed by Birbhum, Bankura, Murshidabad and J alpalguri, Nadia (19·3), Birbhum (20·6), Darjeellng (20·5) a rate below 20 in the remaining districts, the and Jalpalgurl (21·2). Thus the districts where lowest being Malda. In 1943 all districts showed birth rates were the highest in 1941-42 showed the very high death rates, Nadia recording the maxi· greatest relative fall in birth rate in 1944, mum, followed by Birbhum and Murshida~ad decidedly a greater rate of fall than those districts where the death rate was around 30 per mtlle. which showed a smaller birth rate in 1941-42. The rise in death rates between 1941 and 1943 Calcutta has been showing a steadily climbing was maximum in the Nadia district and next in birth rate since 1943, one reason for it possibly Murshidabad where. it is pertinent to note, birth being greater efficiency in registration. . rates were the highest before 1943. Following Death.t-Deaths by year, district and sex and the trend for birth rates, it may be obc;f'rved that averages for the decade are given in Tables 7, 8 those districts in which the death rate was high and 9. About 429 thousand deaths per year were in 1941-42 showed a proportionately greater rise the normal experience for the State, 224 thousand in its rate in 1943 than other districts where the being males and 205 thousand females, thus yield· death rate was comparatively low before 1943. ing a death rate of 20·3 per mille on an average in Deaths by age and sex and communities the middle of each year. The average specific These are given in Tables 8-15. The force of death rate for males for 1941-50 was 19·4 per mortality was found to be greater among females mille and for females 21·2 per mille. The specific than among males, although the actual number death rate (number of deaths per !,000 of the of male deaths was more than female deaths. same sex) for females was found to be greater This apparent contradiction may be due to two than that for males for every year of the decade causes: the preponderance of males over females In the districts of Burdwan. Hooghly (except in in the State and the steady immigration of a 19-13), Howrah (except in 19-13), 24-Parganas large male population. The greater mortality (ncept in 1943), Calcutta, Nadia (except in 1941, among females must be a big factor in the steady 19-12 and 19-\5). Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling. The decline of the female population of the State, nCE'ptions for 19-13 in Hooghly, Howrah and 24. where the gap between the number of males and Parganas may well ha\·e been due to defective females has been steadily widening since 1901. r«'gistratlon of female d('aths in the Famine year. The ratio of female deaths to 1,000 male deaths 5
was an annual average of 918·5 for the decade, but the u is at the age group 10-15 years, the death as has already been noted, female deatr.s per 1,000 rate for infants between 0 and 1 being 172·1 for male deaths have been greater in the years males and 156·0 for females, the death rate for 1944-50 than in 1941-43. The greater mortality the age groups of 60 years and above being 84·6 among females than among males,-a circum for males and 94·4 for females. Table 9 will stance contrary to the expectations of a civilised show that infants and children up to 5 years of country-is itself a grave enough reflexion on the age fell the easiest victims to the 1943 famine, state of its public health and the fact that it has and next came persons aged above 30 years. been worse in the past three years than pre Persons between the ages of 5 and 30 years viously probably indicates how inadequate exist suffered least and fought the Famine best. ing medical and public health measures have Tables 10-12 illustrate and confirm the above been to cope with a sudden influx ·of over remarks in detail. The districts of Howrah, 2·1 million refugees. 24-Parganas and Calcutta where the hazards of It may be mentioned in passing that in 1943 life for males are greater than those for females female deaths exceeded male deaths only in showed a greater number of male deaths than Burdwan, Calcutta, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, West females, although the picture for specific morta Dinajpur and Darjeeling. But in 1944 female lity rates for males and females are necessarily deaths exceeded male deaths in these other dis different. The reproduction age takes a heavy tricts as well as in those of 1943 : Birbhum, toll of women, 1,246 female deaths for every Hooghly, Howrah and 24-Parganas. In Hooghly, 1,000 male deaths in age group 15-20, and 1,296 Howrah and Calcutta undernourishment and un female deaths per 1,000 male deaths in the age employment may have removed many women group 20-30. The proportion of female deaths who were residents as well as those who had to 1,000 male deaths was an annual average of gathered from other districts. 918·5 for the decade, but as will be evident from The specific rate of female deaths during the this discussion this average conceals a number decade was higher than that of male deaths in of gaping wounds which cry out for vigorous the age groups of 1-5, 5-10, 15-40 and 60 and social and public health measures. The differ above, while the specific death rate for males ence between male and female deaths greatly were higher than that for females in the age widened in 1943, the famine year, which can be groups 0-1, 10-15 and 40-60 years. This more or partly explained by the defect in registration of less corresponds to a universal trend but the female deaths at this period. But this difference differences are far more acute than in western narrowed down in later years. In Birbhum countries and absolute figures, even as they are, · female deaths per 1,000 male deaths exceeded are depressing. The reasons for the higher 1,000 in 1944 {1,035·2), 1945 (1,028·1), 1946 (1,012·9) specific mortality among females in the age and 1949 {1,Q15·7), and the same happened in groups 1-5, 5-10, and 15-40, and 60 and above, not Midnapur in 1948 {1,000·8) and 1949 (1,017·0) and only as an annual average for the decade but it occurred also in Nadia in 1949 {1,017·0). for each year, may be found in the comparative neglect to which female children below 10 and Tables 13 and 14 will show that female deaths women above 60 years of age are subject, greater per 1,000 male deaths are lowest among risks attendant on women in the reproductive stage Christians (851·6• for the decade) and highest 15-40. Women enjoy a lower specific mortality ·among Hindus {922·5) and intermediate for than men only in the age groups 10-15 and 40-60, Muslims {896·3). AR appreciable seasonal varia in the former because nature endows them with tion in the monthly averages of female deaths greater sturdiness in that period as is universally per 1,000 male deaths for all religions during the observed ; in the latter because they have gone decade is noticeable in Table 15, the highest rate through the reproductive stage and are left in being touched in November and the lowest in relative peace and comfort. Also because the June. In November, disease and confinement hazards of life are greater for males in the age strike jointly their hardest while in June the group 40-60 which are increased by the fate of comparative slackness of disease and paucity of the vast majority of males at these ages finding confinements lower the rates. The female death themselves the only breadwinners of their rate per 1,000 male deaths for Hindus reaches its families and therefore bearing all the attendant peak in November (970·4) while that fol"' Muslims strain and anxiety. Thus, these two groups do touches 979·9; the trough is reached in June, not indicate any exceptional social attention or Hindus standing at 894·6 and Muslims a'f 841·5. medical aid. and the overall picture contributes Deaths classified by causes of death-This is to a steady decline of females. where, next to overall defective registration of The specific death rates according to ages births and deaths, we find registration most at show the normal U shaped curve. The bottom of fault. ·Whereas even in 1939 the Bureau of the 1 CENSUS 2 6
Census of the U.S. A. claimed that "about nine i.; pleasant to note the even texture of the figures tenths of all births and an even higher propor for each district over the decade ; they even dis tion of deaths which occur yearly in the United play trends. And be it noted that the figures States are attended by physicians", it would not are all crude figures and no effort has been made perhaps be an exaggeration to assert that about to graduate them. nine-tenths of all births and an even higher pro portion of deaths in our country are not attended Tables 15 series exhibit deaths due to different by qualified or unqualified midwives or physi causes. The average number of annual deaths by cians. Consequently causes of still birth (or an sex due to each major cause during the decade accurate record of it), death of infants at birth, together with their rates and proportion to total maternal and infant mortality have never been deaths is shown in Statement 3. properly investigated in our land except for It will appear that about 54 per cent. of total small samples, and diseases causing death at deaths is claimed by Fever, a term which, ages over one year go improperly or fancifully frankly, means lack of diagnosis ~nd perhaps recorded. It will presently be seen that in those treatment. 9·1 per cent. goes under respiratory districts where medical attention is more easily diseases other than T. B. of the lungs, 6·7 per procurable deaths due to " Fever" have showed cent. under dysentery and diarrhoea, 4 per cent. a steady decline. Causes of death are left to under cholera, 2 -per cent. under smallpox, 1·7 the fancy of the illiterate village watchman. per cent. under pulmonary tuberculosis, and Even in rural or town hospitals the clinical and under 1 per cent. for other diseases. The magni therapeutic standards are such as would put tude of the problem for the State is thus obvious. under doubt quite a proportion of the declared The annual death rate by principal causes is causes of death. Against such a background it given in Statements 3 and 4.
STATEMENT 3 At'erage number of Annual Deaths by Sex due to several causes with their Rates and Proportion to Total Deaths 1941-50
DU'fBS. RAn PIIOPOBTIOK TOTAL
llale Pema.le Male J'emale Male Female
Cl.ol- 11,03& 8,866 •8 1·0 40·8 48·0 41·0 '•"ra ucludlna Ka.larla and Ka.Ja.uar 68,848 611,876 11-11 11-1 298·8 200•0 2UI·3 llmaU·po:l 4,252 ,,287 •4 ., 111•0 20·7 18·~ l'latlll• 7 2 •001 •OOOll ·03 •01 ·0~ Dy ... al«}' aad Dlarrboea aod ut STATEMENT 4 Decennial Death Rates per 1,000 Population in West Bengal 1941-50 ])yiM'tltery, lJiarrho.a ,..... Cholera J'enra 8JDa.ll·po:l and &oterle lla.latla Kala·aaat T. B.c:.f Group of L•n~ I'even uu •7 1·2 •• 1·1 •·o •011 ·~!! ltU •• 1·6 oOI 1·1 4·0 o()7 ·:ll .... !•7 16·1 ·1 1·11 7·8 ·00 •3:! 1N4 : 1-IJ 18·1 ... 1·7 7·11 •(of ·86 ltU • •4 11·7 1·! 1·1 1·11 •J2 •3J .... ., tOol -t 1·1 4·8 •I$ ... , •6 •1 1·1 3-11 ·U •all·~· ••• 1·1 •II •88 ·~Ia • • • •8 1·1 •4 ••• ,.... , •• .. , •1 1·1 1·8 •U ·87 ,., 1·1 1·7 '119 ·Jt u~ .. .. Except for two understandably big leaps (in atabrine, pal:udrine and. quinine that followed the 1!H:l, the famine year, and 1944, the aftermath) 1943 famine and continued unabated till last year. cholera has remained almost parallel to the base Mention also must be made of the antimosquito at the mean rate of ·6 per mille. So has small campaign conducted by the American, British pox at ·2 with two big leaps in 1944 and 1945 and Indian Armie~ during World War II which (the years following the famine) and two smaller made large tracts of the country pleasantly habit leaps in 1948 and 1950 (the years of heavy influx able and set up new standards of cleanliness and of displaced persons). So have dysentery and public health (for instance, Raja-bhatkhawa and diarrhoea remained steady at the mean rate of the Duars of J alpaiguri, Salbani and Khargpur in 1·3 (except for 1·9 in 1943 and 1·7 in 1944) and Midnapur, Ramporehat in Birbhum, Dhubulia Kala-azar at the mean rate of ·14 per mille. and Ranaghat in Nadia, Panagarh in Burdwan Malaria shows a slight decline from 1942 with and a numbe"r of places in 24-Parganas). The peaks in 1943-46. T. B. of the lungs shows an D.D.T. spraying conducted by the State in 1950 upward trend during the decade. produced notable results and there is a new The districts of Howrah, 24-Parganas, hope everywhere that Malaria is not inevitable. Calcutta, and Nadia recorded an average Malaria was worst in Birbhum, Nadia and annual rate of deaths due to cholera of about Murshidabad, where the annual death rate was 1 per mille, while Burdwan, Birbhum, Bankura, more than 9 per mille. Calcutta showed the Midnapur, Hooghly, Murshidabad, Malda and lowest rate. West Dinajpur showed rates ranging between ·5 There is a very small but steady and notice and 1 per mille. J alpaiguri showed a mean rate able decline in deaths from Respiratory Diseases below ·5 per mille and Darjeeling, the lowest other than T. B. of the Lungs in all districts mean rate of ·1 per mille during the decade. except Malda and West Dinajpur,- where they The low rate in J alpaiguri may be ascribed are surprisingly enough on the increase. This largely to the improved and protected water decline may be due to defective registration or supply in the majority of tea gardens which to the increased efficiency of dispensaries and cover the district, and that in Darjeeling to a the large number of free beds _in A. G., F. R. E., similar reason and the temperate climate. and general hospitals and to a more general use Nowhere else do the rates show the beneficent of sulpha drugs and penicillin among physicians. action of preventive inoculation or improved No marked trend is noticeable in suicides as water-supply. only Howrah and 24-Parganas show large figures.· Very similar is the pi~ture presented by small Calcutta, by reason of her being a city, ought pox. It reached peaks in 1944 and 1945 and to show a larger number of suicides but they are again in 1950 for the State as a whole while indi . probably masked by other declarations. Deaths vidual districts suffered in no fixed pattern. from snake-bite are almost uniform over the Calcutta and Howrah showed the maximum death State on the basis of number of persons per rate from smallpox (where however public health square mile and were at a level of ·1 per mille, staff per capita are the largest}, while Jalpaiguri, not by any means a small figure. Deaths from Darjeeling and Malda recorded the minimum. snake-bite were lowest in Howrah, Calcutta, Dysentery and diarrhoea were prevalent in all Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling. districts together with respiratory diseases. There is no marked trend of decline and there Happily, plague was confined only to Calcutta fore no sign that the scourge is under control. and Howrah ; in Calcutta it flared up in 1949 but The worst districts for Fever were Birbhum, was quickly brought under control, and public Nadia and Murshidabad while Hooghly, Howrah, health measures were very efficient in this 24-Parganas and Calcutta were better off. It direction. should be noted that Birbhum, Nadia and Kala-azar was conspicuously low in Bir Murshidabad constitute the central portion of the bhum, Bankura, Midnapur and Howrah. West State where medical and public health conditions Dinajpur was notorious while Darjeeling was are poor. This may account for a large number bad. Deaths from T. B. of the Lungs were · of deaths having been returned as Fever. By highest in Calcutta, the minimum and maximum contrast there is a larger proportion of qualified deaths per 1,000 deaths from all causes, being 47·2 and unqualified medical practice in Hooghly, (1943) and 82·8 (1942) for males respectively, Howrah, 24-Parganas and Calcutta-which are and 50·5 (1943) and 103·6 (1942) for females predominantly urban;-mention of the causes of· respectively, the annual averages standing at 58·6 death is naturally more specific in these districts for males and 65·4 per mille deaths for females. thus extricating a large number of deaths from Next in death from T. B. of the Lungs comes the anonymity of Fever. Darjeeling with annual averages of 53·2 for males The decline in Malaria may be ascribed in a and 51·6 per mille deaths for females, while the large measure to the intense dlive of mepacrine, minimum and maximum for males were 42·0 (1946) 2A a. and ;o 2 (1949) and those for females were 43·1 his book. Says Frazer " The population (19-U) and 65·2 (1949). In other districts the (England & Wales) was gi\·en at the Census of intensity varied from ·1 to ·6 per mille during 1921 as 37,885,242. In the period of a hundred the decade. years, therefore, the population of England and A point to note about deaths from Kala-azar Wales had increased from 12 million to more and T. B. of the Lungs is the very noticeably con than three times that number. Such an increase sistent small figures of female deaths from these could only have been achieved in the exceptional caust:S in comparison to male deaths. This can economic and industrial circumstances of this only be explained by the comparatively poor country in the nineteenth century with markets diagnosis of these diseases amongst females than throughout the world clamouring for manu males. That this is so is amply supported by factured goods, for which food and raw mate figures ·of deaths from these two causes in rials were received in return. The birth rate Calcutta, where because facilities of treatment was, however, falling rapidly mainly in the for males and females are almost even, the rate ranks of the middle and upper classes and, of deaths from T. B. of the lungs of females per except amongst the very poor, the Victorian 1,000 deaths from all causes exceeds that of males family of ·ten or a dozen children was seldom and that for Kala-azar for females is within 1 seen. In the period 1871-75 the birth rate had per mille of that for males. By contrast, deaths reached the peak figure of 35·5, and it began to from these two . causes are recorded at much fall rather rapidly after 1890, at a time when the lower figures for females than for males in general standard of living in the community as Darjeeling, and there is a wide margin between a whole had reached its highest point. By the male and female deaths from these two causes quinquennium 1916-20, which included some of in all other districts. the war years, this figure had dropped to 20·1. Death rate from child birth-Death rate from There is litUe doubt that the rapid decline of the child-birth per 1,000 female death from all causes birth rate after 1890 was due very largely to the during the decade presents a depressing picture. spread of the knowledge of contraceptive For the State figures were highest in 1948 and methods amongst people in the higher income 1949. In Burdwan the figure mounted steadily groups, and there was an increasing tendency as from 8·5 . (1944) to 22·8 (1948) to 'fall to 16·4 in the years went by for these methods to be 1950, in Birbhum from 5·3 (1944) to 15 6 in 1948 adopted by the better-off skilled workers. But to 8·1 in 1950; in Bankura from 7·5 (1944) to the use of contraceptives must be regarded as 17·0 (1946) to fall to 11·9 in 1950 ; in Midnapur only the means by which, largely, the birth rate from 89 (1943) to 22·8 (1946) to fall to 19·4 in was reduced, and the desire for smaller families, 1950 ; in Hooghly from 14·2 (1945) to 24·2 (1948) a social phenomenon of great consequence in the and 18·1 in 1950; in Howrah it varied between twentieth century, can be traced to a number of 9 9 and 13 8 between 1943 and 1949 and stood at causes, including the ·emancipation of women 6 3 in 1950. In 24-Parganas the figure was 8·1 in and the general demand for more luxury and 19H and steadily climbed to 19·3 in 1949 and more comfortable conditions of living. The dropped to 14·8 in 1950. In Calcutta it climbed birth rate rose again in 1920 and 1921 as a result from 1·6 in 1943 to 17·6 in 1949 and fell to 12·1 in of the demobilisation of the armed forces, but 1950. In Nadia it rose from 4·2 (1943) to 23·1 later in the decade the tendency towards a (1948) and dropped to 13·8 in 1950, in Murshidabad decline in the annual number of births re from 3 6 in 1943 to 16·5 in 1948 and 12·2 in 1950 ; asserted itself, and in the period 1926-30 the rate in Maida from 10·4 in 1944 to 22·9 in 1949 and had dropped to 16·7. 13 7 in 1950; in West Dinajpur from 22·9 in 1944 "The declining birth rate was, however, to 45 5 in 1949 to 29·1 in 1950; in Jalpaiguri from masked by an almost equal reduction in the 29 5 in 19H to 73·2 in 1942 to 56·2 in 1950 ; in death rate, which in the period 1916-20 had Darjecling from 18·5 in 1943 to 33·6 in 1949 to declined to the figure of 14·4. Until the end of 16 2 in 1950. The steep rise from 1943-44 to 1949 the nineteenth century the infantile mortality may have been due to improved registrati~n rate had remained obstinately at or near 150 but while it is not clear to which cause the fall m after 1900 a highly welcome decline took place. 1950 is to be ascribed. The average annual in· In the period 1901-05 this figure had dropped to fantile mortality for the decade, it may be re 138, in 1911-15 to 110, and in the quinquennium called, was 172·1 for males and 156·0 for females. 1916-20 to 90. The reduction of the infantile mortality rate to the latter figure meant that, • • • as compared v.'ith the nineteenth century, the lives of 60 infants, out of each 1,000 born, In 1950 W. M. Frazer published -• A History were being saved each year, and this was a ol Engti.sh Public Health 1834-1939' and the substantial offset to a declining birth rate. fullowing information has been extf3cted from (Pp. 354-5.) " So ended the last of the cholera outbreaks through the net of the Port sanitary authorities. in this country (1893). No outbreaks of cholera (P. 370.) occurred in this country between the years 1866 "The more important of the facts about the and 1893. For that occurring in 1831-2 there are transmission of plague were established by the no mortality statistics available. In the epide Indian Plague Commission. As a prophylactic; mic of 1848-9 there were 54,398 deaths, in 1853-4, Haffkine's vaccine has been· used in areas subject 24,516 deaths, in 1866, 14,378 deaths and in 1893, to plague epidemics with some success. Plague 135." (P. 168.) . was last seen in epide~c form in this country " This epidemic (smallpox, 1870-3), wh1ch occurred throughout England from the end ·of in 1665-6 .•• Careful precautions are taken at the ports to destroy rats on ships by fumigation. 1870 to the close of the second quarter in 1873, was part of a world-diffused pandemic. From (Pp. 269-70.) the last quarter of 1870 to the end of the first "By the second decade of the twentieth quarter in 1873 when the outbreak terminated, century the main infectious diseases which had the number of deaths from smallpox in England so much affected the mortality rates during the was 44,079 out of which 10,287 were contributed previous hundred years had been almost, i~ not by London. In the London Smallpox and V ac entirely, stamped out. Apart from occas10~al cination Hospital the case-mortality rates for the imported cases, typhus, cholera and relapsmg years 1870 and 1871 were, respectively, 66·2 and fever had disappeared with the abolition of the 77 per cent. in unvaccinated persons ; and, in the conditions which favoured their spread, and the two years combined, the rate amongst the vac enteric group of diseases was decidedly less cinated was 15 per cent. Dr. Seaton, who com troublesome than before. In 1911 13,852 cases piled this report for the Local Government of these diseases were notified, in 1914 8,778, and Board, emphasizes that, in spite. of the severity in 1916 5,564. (P. 364.) - of the smallpox outbreak of 1870-3, the country "The value of publicity and of directing at-. had been saved from something very much tention to the exact cause of maternal deaths, worse by the system of vaccination which had instead of to generalities, was shown in what has been in force for 30 years ; and he observes that come to be known as the. "Rochdale experiment" the mortality of this epidemic, alarming as it which was begun in 1931. For the preceding ten had been, had not approached what was the usual years, Rochdale had the unenviable ~tinction annual smallpox mortality of the Kingdom at of having the highest Maternal Mortality rate the time when vaccination was unknown. 'The in the country. Dr. Andrew Topping who be average annual smallpox death rate of the metro came Medical Officer of Health in 1930 estab-' polis in the pre-vaccine period was from 400 to lished the fact that the great majority of deaths 500 per hundred thousand of population ; the were due to absence of adequate antenatal care· mean annual death rate of this epidemic was and to unnecessary interference in labour on the· 148, having in 1871 been 243 and in 1872, 54.'_ part of doctors, and not occult rickets, 'women (Pp. 169-70.) The total notifications of smallpox working in the mills', smokeladen atmosphere, in London from the beginning of the epidemic etc., which had been advanced as causes. Frank (November 1901) to the end of March; 1902, exposure of the real cal.lses by public lectures amounted to over 6,000. (In Liverpool) the out and in tbe local press, extension and improve break lasted until December, 1903, and caused ment of antenatal and domiciliary midwifery .J much suffering, during the course of which 2,278 services, together with cooperation from general persons were found to be suffering from the practitioners, brought the rate down to well disease. (Pp. 289-90.) What was noteworthy below average within 18 months and it has re about this epidemic was that it had died down mained at a comparatively low level since then. completely by the end of 1906, and had scarcely (P. 418.) left a trace behind it. From the end of 1906 up to the present day, the· amount of severe smalJ "Another favourable factor was the mort_tlity pox (Variola Major) in any period has been very rate from tuberculosis (all forms) which, 4"fn the small, and such outbreaks as have occurred were period 1916-20, had fallen to 1·4 per thousand of mainly due to imported cases which had escaped the population." (P. 355:) 10 .. Is it the pig that makes the Hye or the stye the pig? " -Report of the Royal Commission on the Housing of the Working classes.. 1885 (quoted by W . .M. Frazer in A Htswry of English Public Health). llealth Services of West Bengal-A casual atmospheric impurities produced by decomposing (lbserver or even a critic of the Health Services of animal and vegetable substances by damp and West Bengal will admit the considerable achieve filth and close and overcrowded dwellings prevail ments of the Department of Public Health since amongst the population in every pa""t of the 19-17 in the reorganisation of health services, Kingdom, whether dwelling in separate houses, improvement of rural water supply, inoculations in rural villages, in small to·wns, in the larger and vaccination, the increase in the number of towns-as they have been found to prevail in the mobile medical units, sanitary and health staff, lowest districts of the metropolis. improved supply of medicines to itinerant health "That such disease, wherever its attacks are visitors, dispensaries and hospitals. A bold step frequent, is always found in connexion with the has been taken in the building up of rural health physical circumstances above specified, and that centres, in unions and thanas, in the rapid ex where those circumstances are removed by drain pansion of hospital beds thro'l,lghout Wc::st Bengal, age, proper cleansing, better ventilation and other in an improved supply of women health visitors means of diminishing atmospheric impurity, the and midwives. The major hospitals in Calcutta frequency and intensity of such disease is and district towns have received beneficent abated ; and where the removal of the noxious attention and not a few of them have been en agencies appears to be complete, such disease larged and more fully staffed. The Govern almost entirely disappears ". ment recently has created a number of new muni "That the formation of all habits of clean cipalities thus bringing their population within liness is obstructed by defective supplies of the ambit of municipal amenities. water". All this ought to have reflected a substantial "That the annual loss of life from filth and improvement of vital statistics figures were it bad ventilation is greater than the loss from death not for the serious problems of sanitation and or wounds in any wars in which the c0untry has public health created by a sudden influx of 2·12 been engaged in modern times ". million displaced persons from East Bengal the "That the ravages of epidemics and other majority of whom had to be huddled into make diseases do not diminish but tend to increase the shift camps of canvas and bamboo. l'he effect pressure of population ". has also been masked by the general conditions of "That in the districts where the mortality is living which show no signs of improvement, but the greatest the births are not only sufficient to rather of deterioration. This section will briefly replace the numbers removed by death, hut to deal with the background of the Vital Statistics add to the population". discussed above and will make the question, quoted above. which a Royal Commission. in Eng · " That the younger population, bred under noxious physical agencies, is inferior in physi land put to itself in 1885, appear fraught with the cal organisation and general health to a popula deepest of meaning. In 18-12 Edwin Chadwick submitted his Report tion preserved from the presence of such of an Enquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the agencies". Labouring Population of Great Britain and made " That these adverse circumstances tend to the following observations (pp. 369-71 of the produce an adult population shortlived, impro Synuptical Volume quoted by W . .M. Frazer in A vident, reckless, and intemperate, and with ll1story of English Public Health pp. 18-19) which habitual avidity for sensual gratifications". apply .,.ith particular force and poignancy to "That the primary and most important preSt'nt cond1tions in our country and put the measures and, at the same time, the most practi finger on our malady. These points had of course cable, and within the recognised province of been made earlier by· .Malthus, but -whereas public administration, are drainage, the removal Malthus's dissertation was wholly gloomy, of all refuse of habitations, streets and roads and Chadwick's language betrays great determination the improvement of the supplies of water". to alter the state of affairs that he had found the "That the expense of public drainage, of country in: supplies of water laid on in houses, and of means .. That the various forms of epidemic, endemic of improved. cleansini would be a pecuniary and other disease caused, or aggravated, or pro gain, by diminishing the existing charges attend pagated chiefly amoni!sl the labouring classes by ant on sickness and premature mortality ". u With these observations as a background a tion of statistics will be fragmentary yet sufficient .. series of official statistics will be quoted, with the to indicate the magnitude of the task. minimum of comment, to illustrate the state of (a) Food Production (a) food-production, (b) roads, (c) protected wakr-supply, (d) housing in crowded &reas and Statement 5 below is quoted from page 11 (e) diet of the majority of our population. The of Prospectus for Agriculture in West Bengal statistics quoted are all of recent compilation (Government of West Bengal 1949) and gives and officiaf and are intended to place the tasks of the geographical distribution of principal crops the Government in the Department of Public and Statement 6 from page 12 of the same Health in a correct perspective. The presenta- pamphlet. STATEMENT 5 Geographical Distribution of Principal Crops (Area in 1,000 acres) Name of District Paddy Pulses Oilseed Sugar-cane 24-Parganas 1,445 114 8 2 Nadia.. • 530 174 13 7 Jllurshidaba.d 785 280 13 12 Midnapur 1,854 98 12 4 Bankura 688 12 34 2 Howrah 206 36 1 Burdwan 1,023 47 2 9 Birbhum 735 49 2 8 Hooghly 467 30 1 3 Maida. • 487 45 25 2" West Dinajpur '. 611 16 34 2 Jalpaiguri • 426 7 34 2 Da.rjeeling • 63 3 TOTAL 9,320 908 150 54 Name of District Wheat Potato Jute Other vegetables 24-Parganas 5 35 82 Nadia . • 9 1 26 140 Murshidaba.d 42 6 33 83 l\Iidnapur" 2 10 9 102 Bankura. . 11 3 49 Howrah 6 4 12 Burdwa.n 7 15 5 37 Birbbum 11 5 13 Hooghly 1 29· 28 22 Maida. • 11 1 23 180 West Dinajpur 3 3 16 29 J alpaip:uri • 2 6 23 16 D>\rj<>eling • 1 2 2 12 TO'l'AL 100 92 204 776 STATEMENT 6 Comparative yields of Rice, Wheat and Sugar-cane per acre in different countries and provinces. Countries and Provinces Yields per acre Countries and Provinces Yil!ld:; per acre (in lb., 1924-33) (in J.b., 1924-33) Italy Rice 2,903 Europe . Wheat 1,146 Canada . . Japan 372 2,276 United States of America " 846 " Argentina .. Egypt 2,153 .. 780 .. Australia .. 714 United States of America 1,469 India 636 Bihar and Orissa .." 882 Siam... .. 943 United Provinces .. 786 Punjab .. 738 India .. na West Bengal 738 Sind . . . 593 West Bengal 998 Cef!tral Provinces .• .. " " 444 12 STATEMENT 6-concld. Yielda .-acre ProviDeea y ieolds llf"l' ()('re (in lb.) (in lb.) Centnl Prorin • SugU't'IUIII (nw ngar) Bombay • • Sugal'('&ne {raw 11ugar) .1\ihar •• 5.7~2 P .. njab (l"ndiYided) 1,91!1 on-. W eet Bengal • • f,!!!!3 Statements 7 and 8 quoted from page 20 of the Farming Units and (b) Distribution of Acreage same pamphlet giver (a) a Comparative Table of held by a Family in districts of West Bt>ngal. STATEMENT 7 Comparative Table of Fanning Unit.s Number of A Yf'rR!ll' •ir.e ProYinoe acres per Country ofbnluin~t• oultiYator (in acn'tl) Bombay • 12·2 England and Wales 6!!·00 Punjab {undiYidod) 9·2 Germany • 21-110 ·Madras. • • f·9 France 20·25 Bihar and on- . 3·1 Denmark 40·1ltl Bengal {undiYidod) 3-1 Belgium 14·00 A.lltam • • • 3·0 U.S.A. 1-48·00 Cent.ral ProYinoee • 8·5 Holland 26·00 STATEMENT 8 Distribution of acreage held by a family Aver&(le Paa C&N'r. 01' l'.mLDB 'Wl'rB area held Dlatric& l:!rfam.Uy u acree) Le.. than 11-8 8-4 4--& &-10 Above 10 I acrea acres &cretl acres acrf'l!l ..,, .. Jlantura 8•17 63•7 8•11 7·8 4•& 14·8 10'8 1\lrbbum 4·84 15·1· 10·1 7·4 8•& 10•2 "'2 1\urdwaa. 6•83 28•8 10·11 8·11 10•8 26•6 1~·~ l>lnalJ>IU • 6•3i 24•2 IHI 11•1 10•2 2!!•3 1!i·O Boot~hly, 8·74 32·4 13·1 13•0 10·11 1!!•8 10'2 Howrab , 8•&3 68·2 14•8 &•1 4•& 17·6 6'4 J alpaillUll• 8•76 6•8 8•0 10·11 16•4 83·2 20•6 Maida• • 8•84 64·2 7·8 8·4 8·11 lf>•D 6·11 4•23 88·2 18·1 10·11 10•6 17•8 6·7 =~'!:~~:..... 4•30 88·8 10·1 11•8 7·6 18•11 7·7 Nadia• • 4•83 18•8 11·8 10·8 10·1 20•8 11·8 U·h'IUIU 4•38 66•& 10•7 8•8 4•7 10•11 7•2 • ll'lgurea for pre-Partition dlotrleta. Prom the ~port or Laud Reveuue Com.miMlou,11140, Volume II, P•ll••U4·&. Statement 9, quoted from page 14 of the same different categories of livestock in various parts pamphlet, gives the comparative efficiency of of the world. STATEMENT 9 Comparative efficiency of different categories of livestock in various parts of the world A.J'PBO:IDIATB Al'NUAL IIII& YIELD Al'PBOJ:IMATJ: ANNUAL EGO Ill' LB9. P.J:B DAD 01' ANI11At PBODUCTION PER BIRD Cow Buffalo Goat Fowl Duell. A-m 170• f30• 80§ 4It 39t 340§ 13Uf Bihar 44(1• 8 60t on- . . ·} 1,770 { 200§ 50t 127t O..ntral ProYiDoe 500• 700• 110§ 4Rt ROt Unit.....! Pro•iD- soo• I.ooo• 125§ 70t lOOt Punjab . 1,400• 2,160• 440§ 55t 50t t\ind . 1,0008 1,500• 235§ Mt -lilt 8olllbay. 500• 8858 115§ 60f Jr.ll'f Wto..a Jk.npl 420 960 80 36 7.} Burma . 381§ 4881 600§, 40t t~nt llM\marlt:. 7,oo!i§ 120t 1\elitllliD • . . 6,889§ ll5·6t f:nlliaad aDd wu.. • 5,576§ l!!ot N•• z..IaDd • 5.118§ Japaa Tl,IIII7C 129-6t ... 13 Statement 10, quoted from page 15 of the same Supply at Calcutta market pamphlet, gives the fish position in West Bengal. From within the Province • 555 maunds daily. From other parts of the 295 maunds daily. Fish is the only considerable animal protein, as Indian Dominion. will be presently seen, consumed by West Bengal. From Eastern Pakistan '. 1,650 maunds daily. · Total supply 2,500 maunds daily; STATEMENT 10 Fish Position in West Bengal (b) Roads ! Requirement of fish in West 32,000 maunds daily. Roads wield their influence in a thousand Bengal. Average production of fresh fish 2,000 maunds daily. different ways. For our purpose, they help ·to in West Bengal. · distribute food and other consumer goods through Production of dry fish 10,000 mds. annually. out the land and reach out sanitary and medical (=50,000 maunds of help wherever it is needed or wherever an fresh fish). • Requirement at Calcutta 6,800 maunds daily. epic;lemic· br~$ o-pt. • On the ·basis of 2 oz. per day per adult unit of the We are b~dly handicapped tor roac;ls. Stat~ total population of 25·0 million for the Province and ment 11, taken .from page 16 of .the $arne 5·0 million for Calcutta. Figures furnished by the Fisheries Section of the pamphlet, gives ~ picture of Ro~c;l Commu:r;ti. Directorate of Agriculture, West Bengal. catiori. in w~st J3engal (1~?9-~0). STATEMENT 11 Road Communication in West Bengal (1939-40) · Length of Meta.lled Unmetalled metalled . District roads in roads in Total roads per. miles• miles• 100 square - miles· 1 24-Pargana.s • 366·3 5,154·0 5,520·3 6·7 2 Nadiat • 122·5 6,446·3 6,568·8 4·2 3 Murshidabad , 73·6 4,515·7 4,589·3 3·6 4 Burdwan 525·0 3,831·3 4,356·3 19·4 5 Birbbum !W6·8 3,237·0 3,533·8 17-o 6 Bankura 508·9 2,371·5 2,880·4 19·2 7 Midnapur 622·4 2,000·0 2,622·4 11·8 8 Hooghly 181·2 2,365·8 2,547·0 15·0 9 Howrah 173·8 1,973·5 2,147·3 31-1 10 Jalpaiguri t . 373·5 1,183·9 1,557·4 12·2 ll Darjeeling 260·3 . 438·8 . 69lH 21·7 12 Maida t 39·7 1,433·5 1,474·2 2·0 13 Dinajpur t 54·3 4,251·7 4,306·0 H If U.S. A.§ 100 15 U.K.§ 200 •From the statement of the Commoulcatlons and Works Department for the year 1939-40. tH~ Statement 12, taken from page 12 of Road surfaced and unsurfaced in the Di~erent StlJtes ·of Problems of West Bengal (Governm~nt of West India. · Bengal 1950) gives the Mileage of Existing Roads, STATEMENT 12 Mileage of Existing Roads, surfaced and v,nsurfaced, in the diffe?:ent States in IndW. • Area in Population Total Road mileage Ro&d mileage State square · in mileage per 1,000 "· · • per sq. miles thousands 'of· mile of population ~ West Bengal (including Cooch Behar) 21,862 12,154 0·56 D-41 Madras (including States merged) • • 127,610 49,825 38,540 0·77 D-30 B.>mbay (including Baroda and Kolhspur) • 122,732 29,114 27,765 0·95 U. P. • • • • • • • D-!3 100,247 55,021 31,986 &58 D-30 BihiU' • • • • ·• • 69,745 36,340 31,496 D-S7 C. P. and Berar (including States merged) 0·45 130,451 20,648 12,427 D-60 D-10 Ea.st Punjab (including States merged) 37,«7 12,698 10,636 D-84 D-!8 A~ • • • • • 50,210 7,404 10,975 1-48 Orissa (including States merged) D-2! .. 60,507 13,975 J0,789 D-77 &18 og,,..~ : Bask Road Statlatl"- of Jndla-lllnlstry or Transport, GovPrnment of India. 1 CENSUS 3 It ~ill be seen from the above table that West the supply complete and universal to all persons Bengal. with her mean density of popwation within the limits of the to\\'11 and a goodly fra~ nearly three times that of Ind!a as a whole, has tion never enjoy protected water even for drink only 0-56 mile of roads per 1,000 of her popula ing. There is also a general prejudice in favour tion. This is the lowest of the States in India and of collecting drinking water from ponds as well compares unfavourably with the figure for India as flowing rivers (most of which reduce to as a whole (0·75). West Bengal, however, com stagnant pools in summer) even when protected pares a little favourably with the other States in water is to be had on tap, a prejudice which dies the length of such road mileage per square mile hard especially in those towns which bank the of area, which is nearly 0·41 to the square mile sacred river Bhagirathi (Hooghly). This pre for West Bengal as against 0·19 for India as a judice, ordinarily unobserved, is particularly noti whole. Only Bihar has a higher distribution ceable when a cholera epidemic is about in a with 0·45. town blessed with filtered water supply and a It is unnecessary to hold forth on the many district officer nearly exhausts all the prohibitory handicaps from which a land is liable to suffer arrows in his quiver to fight it but which refuses that is not endowed with good roads, and on bad to take defeat. Protected water supply is practi roads (and consequently improper and insufficient cally non-existent in non-urban areas in spite of drainage) public health measures or improve the many thousands of tube-wells sunk by the ments become one of the first casualties. Governm_ent and local bodies for the simple reason that the tube-well head and mouth are not (c) Protected Water-supply free from contamination. Out of a total of 6·2 Statement 13 in two parts A and B gives the millions of urban population in the State only 4·6 state of protected water-supply in the country. millions live in localities where a system of pro This does not give the whole or correct tected water-supply exists and if Calcutta were picture because tube-wells frequently go out to be taken as a criterion it would not be a wide of repair and as will be presently discussed guess to say that only about 3·5 millions really in the section below even where there is ·an enjoy a restricted (and not plentiful) supply of appearance of a good protected supply on protected water throughout the year. This tap, large settlements go without the benefit supply however goes mainly for drinking and of it and it is the sum of experience of the bathing, while washing of clothes, crockery and writer who has been to all towns in West Bengal. utensils,-fruitful vehicles of contamination and that in none of them, not excludini the cities, is contagion-are still washed in unprotected water. STATEMENT 13 Part A Protected Water Supply in urban localities in West Bengal in 1945 and 1949 (other than Calcutta City) 11M6 111411 -----. A..,r•re looN& •-ot•alelputtr Annge Area llellgnf'd Appro:rlm•te A..-enge dally npplr .&pproJ:Imate A ..,_,. d•lly IUPI•Ir ...... pooelty popoJ•U• d.Uy ouppiJ per-bead o populallou do.lly ouppiJ per·""ad o terYed (oq, mllee) or-u ""ed Ia 1.Uou populatioD "'"ed Ia 1.Uou r,:pul•tloa Ia plloa& a 1o.11ou l I • • I I 7 I • 10 I ...... 1•10 703,080 50,100 164,110 7·01 11,000 ,,41,4118 1·10 • plloudally, !!,8Jt 100,3411 1·71 I ~. 1-81 160,000 H,8SII 1118,Stll t·N l•lloula 11 boon. I l-ot !M,OOO U,oot toii,OOO 8·150 48,oot .08,000 1·60 ...... plloula llllloua. Klllaa o-86 10,000 to.OOO 4o00 16,000 80,000 HlO • hrt 1·16 1!,000 77,061 1·4! to,OOO 100,.68 l-os . • ...17 l-oG • ~ 1•150 1'H.ooo ....17 263,41111 I·H 136.- piJou dally. • 10,000 457,648 7·11 ID4Mtv •-oo ,...._·~ooo ...171 it8,111 u-o1 ' la10 boan. I 1-oo 776,800 11,081 eeo,811 U·H 41,081 te0,811 U·•l • ,.no. ·~· oto.ll7 • 1·11 1!,000 Ut.r-• 1!·44 to,OOO 1118,70! ...... ___, 27,87! .811,1118 11·118•••• • . 1·M U,l71 8311.~1 13·21 II ...... _....., 1•16 11,83! •• 1.!>411 U-M 11,1131 •••• 3111 1J·OI " . t·ll 10,000 17.,000 •• ...... I·IT r.u-a••iit.ooo 16,... k&,7l!l •••• !0,000 111,07! 1·16 11 ~ " ...... 11,110 1!7,197 ...... 10·111 .... 17t1.!11t '.117 .0116 111-lt 17t.tat ,,Ut,181 lOoN ...... l .• IU.uoo IIO.fli>O II O...... la~ •-oe II 'ftiMTIMI • • • t:i• ai.;ooo iilvoe :;... lt,OOO IU,66l ,..• STATEMENT 13-<:oncld. Part A 111"1 ~ ~7.------~~------~ Serial Name of HunlclpalltJ Average Average No. Area Dealgned Approximate Average dallysupply Approximate Average dallyaupply aerved capacity populatiou dally aupply per-bead of populatiou dally auppl7 per-head or (aq. mllea) orworka aerved In galloua population served lD galloua population In gallona lD &allona 1 a ' 6 6 7· 8 10 17 South Subarban 3•70 26,200 61,222 2•08 40,000 1o07 18 South Dum Dum 6•98 62,200 111 North Dum Dum 7•00 960 20 DumDum • • 0•90 11,713 Ill Baraoagar-Kamarhatl 8•60 io'o,ooo 693,422 ii·ll3 1!00,000 1,00o,no '6·08 22 Bhatpara 6•00 100,000 1,077,164 7•18 160,000 1,149,1!711 7•18 23 Tltagarb • • • 1•60 67,'16 '1,942,160 83·83 67,416 1,907,820 88•llt u Barrackpore • • • 4•60 36,444 26 Barrackpore Cantonment • 13,921 26 Garulla • 1·60 2o,ooo i93,20o 11•66 30,000 17'7,1178 27 Hallaabar 6·60 . 86,43S 28 Nalbatl • • • • 1·68 62,163 282,187 &:69 42,163 248.767 211 Kancbrapara B.allway Colony 2·00 80,000 80 Krlabn&gar 7•60 82,000 407,621 1il·74 80,000 6o'o,ooo 81 Nabadwlp 1·60 80,683 23,864 0·78 80,000 66,000 82 Berhampur 6•60 eii,ooo .0,804 363,872 8•67 70,000 876,802 gallona dally. as Engllahbazar 112,000 16,666 61>,789 20,000 66,8111 gallonaln 8 boura (can run 16 boura). lalpalgurl 8·06 112,000 27,000 168,864 . 6•88 28,000 166,627 gallons per dayln8boura (can run 16 boura). 86 Darjeellng 4·86 Depends on 26,873 796,082 80·77 26,878 746,877 rainfall. 88 Kuneong 2·00 Depends on U,OOO 160,000 10•71 U,OOO 160,000 rainfall. 17 Kallmpong 10•00 16,784 279,646 17•72 17,000 266,760 2,104,4611 18,182,217 Part B Rural Water Supply in West Bengal in 1950 No. of Name of Distrio' Ring wella and masonry wella New-Sunk Re-Sunk Repaired 1 2 3 4 6 Burdwan 29 112 4,936 Birbhum . 20M.W. 23 23 1,402 Bankora 4R.C.C. 7- 4 480 Midnapur 2M.W. 169 73 6,076 Hooghly 7 70 3,450 Horwah 23 40 4,624 24-Pa.rganas 7M.W. 63 35 9.239 Nadia. • 38 32 2,736 57 (Je' washing system) Murshidabad 51 25 8,625 Maida. • 17 717 Wild Diuajpur .- 30 32 1.241 J alpaiguri • 11 31 280 Darjeeling • ' Tour.. 1950 " 481 450 43.763 From 194M7 \o 1!150 • • 138 2,063 3.011 135.291 lA 16 (d) Uo~ ln crowded areas "About 11·3 per cenl of the total bustees of Not'Aithstanding the lack of drainage, Calcutta and 12 per cenl of those of HowTah have sewerage, ventilation in mudhouses. and plan been surveyed. Only 12 per cenl of the resident ning in villages, the comparative at-sence of families in the bustees of Calcutta are lessees congestion in the rural areas make them and the rest are tenants ; 2-l-6 per cenl of the still healthier places to live in than noxious total lessees do not live in the bustee. At and crowded urban areas. It is not however Howrah the respective percentages are 12·3 and suggested that rural areas are less unhealthy, 11· 5. The majority of the tenem en ts are one only . that they are less noxious and foul of roomed, the percentage for Calcutta being 93·3 atmosphere than urban areas. This is perhaps and that for Howrah 97·6. Only 31·2 per cent. of a reason why in spite of all fruitful con the lessees at Calcutta bustees have registered ditions of every kind of epidemic prevailing, the documents in support of their claims, the figure toll taken by epidemics, though appalling by for Howrah is slighUy higher, being 40. No case civilised standards, is not really so m the pri of eviction of lessees was found at Howrah but mitive setting by which its extent ought to be the lessees at Calcutta are not so fortunate, 3 per assessed. The sun, personal cleanliness and cent. have been already evicted and slightly hygiene among the people, and the universal habit more than 5 per cent. have been threatened with of bathing must account for a great many lives eviction notices, etc. Among the tenants of the that are claimed from disease and death while bustees of Calcutta 32 per cent. are non-Bengalees Improvement in public measures must also come while 16·6 per cent. come from East Bengal. But for its due share of praise. at Howrah 80·2 per cent. of the tenants of the The strength of a chain lies in its weakest link bustees are non-Bengalees and only 1·2 per cent. and the efficiency of public health measures must hail from East Bengal. On an average, a lessee be judged from the condition that obtains in very of a Calcutta bustee enjoys 62·5 per cent. and crowded areas. a tenant enjoys 26·6 per cent. more floor space than those of a Howrah bustee. The average In 1949 the State Statistical Bureau published monthly income of a lessee of Calcutta is more a • Report on a Sample Enquiry into the Living than double that of a lessee of Howrah and the conditions in the Bustees of Calcutta and Howrah average income of a tenant of, Calcutta is nearly 1948-49 (Government of West Bengal, 1949) '. one and a half times as much as that of a tenant This report is full of meat in its analysis as well of Howrah ; 75 per cent. of the huts of the as tables and gives a very thorough idea of how bustees of Calcutta have pucca floor whereas the about 1 in every 3 persons lives in Calcutta and figure for Howrah is only 36·6 per cent. Pucca Howrah (1 million in 3 million). As for non walled huts have been found in the bustees, the bustee areas most rooms in Calcutta-except what percentages for Calcutta and Howrah being 28 are known as the European localities-are an and 9, respectively. Thatched roof was found in average size of 10 feet by 12 or less and about 11 only 3 per cent. cases both at Calcutta and at feet high, where kitchens, baths and lavatories are Howrah. As regards ventilation it appears that to be shared with other families. In the census the bustees of Howrah are better off then of 1951, 710,579 living rooms were counted in the those of Calcutta as is apparent from the per Municipal area of Calcutta consisting of 32 Wards, centage of badly ventilated huts, which is 24 for and the population in this area was 2·548 Jiilllion. Calcutta and 6 for Howrah. Arrangement for To each living room therefore there are 3·5 water supply is bad in both the cases; 61·7 per persons and it should be remembered that a living cent. of the huts of Calcutta bustees and 83·6 room varies from one in which a man can barely per cent. of those of Howrah have n..:> arrange lie down and stand up to that in the mansions ment for supply of water ; 15 per cen~. of the of the very rich. huts have kitchen both at Calcutta and at The mansions of the very rich usually contain Howrah, but the percentage for huts having no few people and therefore this arithmetical aver arrangements for cooking is 4 at Calcutta while age masks the real congestion. It 'Will not be the corresponding percentage for Howrah is 10. haurdous to surmise that the average number Drainage is equally unsatisfactory at the two of persons per living room throughout the cities places, the percentage of bad drainage for of Calcutta and Howrah, taking the best with the Calcutta bustees is 42 while that for Huwrah is worst, will be about the same as that found in 34; 17·3 per cent. of the huts of the bus~ees of bustee areas, with this difference that other Calcutta and 15 5 per cent. of those of Howrah circumstances of ventilation, sanitation, water have no latrines." supply and amenities are superior in non-bustee The following from page 14 of th~ Report &rt'as. The follo'Aing extract from page 13 of the gives the distribution of the number of rooms Report gh~s a horrif)ing summary of the re3ults occupied by lessees and tenants at Calcutta and of thct lnq uiry. Howrah. 17. " It will be seen from the table that at many as 4·48 lakhs have to depend on street Calcutta, a tenant family occupies on an aver~ge hydrants or ponds for their water-supply. At 1·10 rooms only, 92·3 per cent. of them occupymg Howrah the corresponding figures are 15·7 only a single room, whereas a lessee family lives thousands and 10·5 thousands, respectively." in 2·73 rooms on an average, nearly ?5 per cent. Analysis of the percentage distribution of of them occupying more than two rooms. As a huts by nature of place of cooking is thus made: hut contains on an average 7·16 rooms, it is "Separate kitchen is provided in only 15·5 per evident that the hut owner lets out the balance cent. of the huts in the bustees of Calcutta. In of 5·43 rooms which are occupied by a 5 tenant 70·0 per cent. of the huts cooking is done in some family. A bustee at Calcutta has, on an aver- sort of verandah and in 10·4 t>er cent. of the huts age, 6·38 huts having 52·12 rooms where 35·3 · it is done in the bed room. In 4·1 per cent. of tenant families and 4·8 lessee families live. At the huts no cooking is done. The percentage of Howrah a tenant family occupies 1·03 rooms on an huts having a separate kitchen exceeds 30 in ward average, 97·6 per cent. of them living in a single 31 only, 25 in wards 23*, 29 and 32 and is less than room. A lessee family on the other hand lives in 5 in wards 8, 13* and 14. No separate kitchens 2·43 rooms on an average, 70·5 per cent. of them were found in the sampled bustees in ward occupying more than 2 rooms. As a hut contains nos. 7*, 10* and 15*. Cooking is done in the 8·73 rooms on average, the hut owner lets out the verandah in more than 70 per cent. of the huts in balance of 6·30 rooms which are rented out to 6 tenant families. wards 1, 3, 5, 14, 18, 20, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30. In 25 per cent. of the huts in ward 23* there is no A bustee at Howrah has 5·58 huts having arrangement for cooking. In ward 15, the per- 48·75 rooms on an average where 35·4 tenant centage is 22·7 and in ward 9, the percentage is families and 5·1lessee families live." 20·7. The state of water supply in the bustees is " In the bustees of Howrah cooking is done in a analysed at pp. 18-19 of the report as:- separate kitchen in 14·9 per cent. of the huts, in "The deplorable condition of the water-supply verandah in 47·0 per cent. huts, in the bed room in in the bustees will be at once evident. Out 27·6 per cent. of the huts. In the remaining 10·5 of 3,179 huts in the bustees of Calcutta, per cent. huts there is no arrangement for any only 1,216 huts have some arrangement of place for cooking. Thus, it will be found that water-supply, possessing 1,246 taps, 106 wells whereas in 85·5 per cent. of the huts in the bustee and 15 tube-wells among them. There are some of Calcutta, cooking is done either in a kitchen very bad cases ; 157 huts out of 159 in ward no. 18, or in the verandah, the corresponding figure for 123 out of 135 in ward no. 21 and 264 out of 342 Howrah is 61·9 only. The percentage of huts in in ward no. 25 have no arrangement whatsoever Howrah where cooking is done in thE' bedroom is for the supply of water. The more fortunately three times that at Calcutta and the percentage situated huts are in ward nos .. 5, 8, 9, 11 and 23, of huts at Howrah having no arrangement for where 42 out of 58 huts, 35 out of 46, 42 out of 59, cooking is two and half times as much as that at 24 out of 26, and 13 out of 20 huts have some Calcutta." arrangement for the supply of water. It will be Analysis of huts with or without latrines is found that all of these bustees are small in com- made as follows: parison with most of the remaining ones." "In the bustees of Calcutta 14·7 per cent. of "The condition at Howrah can be realised from the huts are without any latrines and 10·1 per the fact that in only 11 out of the 67 huts, there cent. of the bustee dwellers live in these huts. is some arrangement for water-supply." Three types of latrines were found, viz., the "On an average 61·7 per cent. of the huts in the "service" type, the "septic tank" type and bustees of Calcutta have no arrangement for any "flushed" latrines connected with the Corpora water-supply; 54·6 per cent. of the bustee tion's sewer system. The respective percentages dwellers live in such huts. Dwellers who are are 63·5, 3·7 and 32·8, respectively. The service more fortunate in having water-supply are served type is more common in wards 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, at the rate of 25·6 persons per .tap. The difference 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32, the septic tank type in among the wards is very pronounced; the pro- ward No.9 and the flushed type in the remaining portion of huts having no water-supply varying war~. Th~ percentage of huts not baving any from 7·7 per cent. in ward no. 11 to 98·7 per cent. latrme Varies from 50·7 per cent. in ward No. 6 in ward no. 18. to nil in wards 7* and 14 and the percentage of people living in these huts ranges from 40·8 in Thus it is found that out of about 8·20 lakhs ward no. 6 to nil in wards 7* and 14. On an aver of people living in the bustees .of Calcutta, as age a latrine is used by 23·0 persons, the ~:.umber • The percentage is subject to a large sampling e~r due to the small size nf the sample. ranging from 11·1 iJ1 ward no. 31 to 45·2 in ward carne to the conclusion that the ''poverty line'' no. 5. could be fixed at the Standard of livini attainable At Howrah, 13·4 per cent. of the huts have no by a man, wife and three children (at 1936 prices latrines where only 5·'1 per cent. of the bustee and after paying rent) on a WB..'te of 43s. 6d. a dwellers live. Only the .. service " type of latrine week. "Primary poverty", a term used in both was found iJ1 the sample, each of which was used the 1899 and 1936 surveys, is represented by the by 21·1 persons on an average." minimum sum on which physical efficiency could Comment is superfluous. be maintained, which is, of course, much lower than that denoting the poverty line. In the 1899 (e) Did investigation that sum was 17s. 8d. inclusive of In 1899 B. Seebolun Rowntree made a social rent, while in the later survey, with chan2es in survey of his native City of York the results the value of money, the corresponding figure was of which he set down in his book Poverty. 30s. 6d. for urban families of five. As regards the W. M. Frazer in his A History of Public Health proportion of the working-class population living (p. 194) observes that Rowntree places the under conditions of primary poverty, the figure "Poverty Line " at the minimum necessary of 15·46 per cent. in 1899 had fallen to 6·8 per expenditure for the maintenance of merely physi· cent. at the time of the second survey' (W. M. cal health, and he calculates this amount on the Frazer Ibid pp. 437-8). basis of outgoings in respect of food, house rent In March 1946 at the instance of the Establish (including rates), and household sundries (such ment Department of the Government of Bengal as clothing, light, fuel, etc.). On the costs then the Provincial Statistical Bureau conducted a (1899) ruling in York, the minimum necessary small inquiry into the living conditions of the expenditure for a man, wife and two children, Bengali middle class " Bhadralok " and menials for example, was 18s. 10d. per week. and submitted in 1947 a departmental report for • In 1935 Rowntree decided to repeat this inves official use only. Admittedly a very limited tigation in order to ascertain what changes had inquiry, it produced a series of tables which have taken place in the industrial and social lives of both general and particular values as the the pepole of York during the 36 years which had following statements, borrowed from it, will elapsed since the original inquiry. The results reveal. of the second survey were published by Rowntree Statement 14, incorporated in this report, in the year 1941 under the title of Poverty and incorporating the results of the Calcutta Diet Progress. In The Human Needs of Labour (1937) Survey of 1945, gives the per capita monthly con Rowntree, after a careful study of all the factors, sumption in quantity by expenditure level. STATEMENT 14 Calcutta Diet Survey, 1945 Per Capita Monthly Consumption and Quantity by Expenditure Level Ellpt'oditure lnela 0-50 101-150 Number or famil"- 66 361 .l.. ,.,. aiM or family 2·73 6•80 Item• Unite Quantity Quantity Quantity 1 Ri-. Seer 8·629 8·655 8·68.5 t AU.. 3·673 3·031 3·042 J ('bira aod murl • " 6-096 0·119 0"183 .. 0·093 ' B..-1 0·012 0·067 I PuM .. 1•636 1·365 1·328 I Filoh • " 0.402 0·661 0·805 7 )h•M. ".. 0·025 0·170 0·21'15 • J:~m~ . Number 0.054 6-298 0·493 I Mal.lr. • • • Seer 0·761 1·616 2·048 10 OU.w milk prodacta • ...... 11 ,.,....tab .. 1'- . .. 0·023 0·029 ()-067 It J:.Iable oil • .. ()-622 0·812 O·M3 n ro...o . .. N66 1·632 l-IJ72 U Otber Yf'1l"t&blre .. .. I& &1\. 0"630 0·,86 0"488 II f;pialoe n su..,. Beer 0·753 6-800 0"923 II Oar • ()-116 6-129 6-193 It T,.. • • • PC:: ad 0"104 6-13-6 O"H3 20 Other "tr.haen' n T oUJ t"oncl • II c-1 • 19 Statement 15 makes a comparison of Food expenditure levels in Bengal with that in other Value (Calories) in the average diet of different countries. STATEMENT 15 Comparison of Food Value (in Calories) with other countries Boaa Outalde Balanced Outalde Calcutta BalaDcecl Serial Foodatull' diet U.S.A. llesloo Gilrm&DJ GI'I'.M Poland Tnrby Calcutta Calentta ilai&I'JI' die~ Dr. No. (Director of Brltallo (Iatambul) upendi· level AlaoJ4 Public tnnt Ba..G-160 Health, level Ba.O.l&O (per West Ba. !01• (per equlvalen' Bengal) 200 CllpU.I)= adul' male) 2 3 ' iJ I 7 8 II 10 11 l! 11 1 Bread 668•8 1,177•2 1,109·8 1,039·· 1,U6·3 2,812·· lli-9 2 Cake, Blacult, etc. 8 Flour 412 2s6"·6 U1•0 3s·g·s 2sli·i 1U·· 3ii·o 118-9 211•0 Cereals (Rice, etC.) 1,010 161•0 208·11 63·2 101•1 103·6 939·0 1,290-9 1,179-9 1,47o-o 6 Pulaea 303 U1-9 127-G 116•0 2"-o '6 Meat 67 Sit"·9 268•3 191·· 2ili·7 2i8·8 H·O 12·0 12-9 18-Gl 1S2oQe 7 Flab i8 23•0 2•i 17•8 12-8 16·7 SloG u-o •7-o 8 Animal fat 7 II Vegetable fat 77•i 18•1 10•8 u-o ie·o 10 Vegetable oil •o7 111•1 12·11 31•0 !Oi·6 211·0 173"0 227·0 628·2 ll Milk 183 212·0 22,·0 198·0 19t:8 ue:7 .0•11 11•0 68·0 75-9 1UO 12 Milk prod.;cta 24·1 18•8 14·2 27•3 8•2 13•8 IS Eggs 50 116·0 311·3 29•7 93·11 22·1 28·8 4:o i-9 7•0 u Potato u 22(·2 29•3 ,33•8 2117·· 633-9 37·2 63•0 35-9 U-Gt 81•6 1& Vegetablei 'CI 42·8 27•1 20-9· 31•1 411•8 • 16 Onion e:o 7-9 17 Sugar 120 422·i 817•8 214•1 i1s:2 2tci·s 184•6 12¥·0 113·0 122·0 18 Gur 112 31-9 211-9 38-9 111 Fruita 2' ·s2·o To-rn 2,838 2,722·· 2,325•11 2,,711·6 2,768•8 3,384·0 8,!01·6 1,11611·0 2,038-9 2,8M·O 2,6411•7 • U milk Ia abaeDt from the diet, thl.• should be lnclnded. The total In this eolnmn omlta the llgnre for meat and llsh. Statement 16 makes a comparison of various to the qiets of divisions I and ll prisoners of diets in Bengal with Bengal Jail Diets (quanti both classes A and B. The deficiency is well ties). 'It will be seen that the diet of the Bengali marked in vegetable proteins (pulses), edible middle class is not only comparatively deficient oils, sugar and fish'. in calories, it is much inferior in other food values STATEMENT 16 Comparison of Various Diets with Jail Diets (Quantities) .JAIL DIBT Balanced Serial l'oodatull' diet for No. adult male (Director or Publle Health, W eat Bengal) A B a.. I a..u I • 6 • 7 8 II 10 1 Rlee 5•00 8-oo 1-416 8·81 2 WbeH • lo()O 2-60 1·71 Jo(J8 a~ •• 1·60 2-60 0·70 0"112 . ' Leafy """table& • 2-60 i N oe-leetf ftCot&blea 2·26 •·00 I Fnllta • • • 1·60 7 Potatoes 6-76 2-oo 8 Oniooa t:OS 0·80 e:78 I Mllk • • 8-21 i-60 Jo()O 1-H •••1-67 1-94 10 .lll11ll pcodDet.t • !-60 11 8u,ar 6-60 lo()O ,:,1 0·111 8•61 It Our • 0.60 0.!5 11 EdlbleoU ;o·u ..11 8•17 6-76 0·60 0·10 6-SII O·li 8-U 6-26 0•76 16" ObeooFlab 1-95 1-o? 1·00 l!-oQ ti-5i O·li O.M 11 ~~~- 0·60 0•11 17 llu O·f>O •n .... o-w IHii H7 Statement 17 shows the mean per by expenditure level at capita monthly consumption (in rupees) prices. STATEMENT 17 MIDDLE CLASS FAMILY BUDGET ENQUIRY, 1945-46 Mean per Capita Monthly Consumption (in Rupees) by expenditure level (All centres combined) 1 I I 7 8 fl ' ' 1 61-100 101-150 161-200 201-250 261-SOO 301-350 Boland abo"• A•eran 11 .. ortamUr 1·71 4·70 1·16 7•68 8•411 D•02 D·~!l 11 ·~2 !famber of ramtu .. 41 218 243 204 134 101 68 !IU lllllll ber penooa , or 111 1,011 1,4116 1,647 1.133 11112 673 t.o~• l'ood • 11·611 ll·65 12·64 14·10 U·liO 1tHiO 17·72 Clotbloc • 0·88 1•86 2·1P 2•51 3·23 3·41 1·76 I'IMiaodUp& 1•48 2·011 1•16 2·211 12·411 2·7!1 1·66 Houalnt • 0·17 0•76 O·t'6 0•114 0•86 1 ·07 0·9!1 :au-llaa- 1·48 4·88 li·18 1·61 8•23 11·71 15•10 TOUio These statements will make Rowntree's '' Pri (36-75) class and then decreases. The data are mary Poverty " at 30s. 6d. a week for a family so consistent that there is hardly any room for of five at 1936 prices appear unattainable princely doubt. It is probably due to the fact that on the comfort for the vast majority of our populace in average the (36-75) class represent younger men the forties of this century. than the (76-150) class and that the younger Finally, nutrition experts have never ceased people spend more on clothing and tobacco. to inveigh against the cussedness of the Bengali Growing family at this age would also account for and the Indian who make no improvements in more utensils. their diet. It is often overlooked that there is " (iii) The increase in the expenditure on food no room to turn, that any effort at improvement is not much between any two levels. But there of the diet,-which astonishingly enough is the is a definite change in the pattern of consumption. most that can be made of the sum of economic, Expenditure on cereals decreases with income, social, climacteric and ecological conditions that on the others such as pulses, vegetables, fish, costs money, which is simply not there, and that meat, milk, etc., increases. The increase in the whenever the income increases the diet at once last three is appreciable. improves in quality and quantity. Observes the "(iv) Expenditure on education and misce departmental report in its summary of observa llaneous items (including medical expenses) in tions: creases very appreciably from level to level. "An examination (of this table) will indicate "The above would generally indicate that the that- lower income groups do not get enough essential food and that their income falls short of their (i) Total expenditure per capita increases as educational and medical needs. Any added in salary increases. The increase is appreciable come is readily spent on such essential foodstuff between the lowest income class (0-35) and the as milk, fish, meat, etc., and more readily on next higher class (36-75) indicating a distinct education and medicine. The diminishing ex change in the standard of living. This is as could penditure on cereals with rise in income would be expected because salary level (o-35) mostly indicate that the higher consumption of cereals at represents the inferior staff. The • bhadralok' lower levels is not a matter of choice. really commences his career from Rs. 35 upward. "It has been shown that expenditure on food The increase between the income class (36-75) and other items increases with income and and the next higher class (76-150), however, is that quantities consumed also increase. It only moderate, which indicates that the standards may be noted, however, that as in expenditure so of living of these two classes are comparable. also in quantities oJ! cereals consumed there is a .. (ii) Expenditure on all groups of items such decreast' with increase of income. It will be seen as food, fuel. rent. etc., increases as salary in that with the rise in income cereals are dropped creases except in intoxicants, in which there is a to be replaced by more milk, fish, meat, etc., that gradual decrease. The expenditure on clothings, is to say, with rise in income the actual diet tobat'C'OS and utensils increases from (o-35) to gradually approaches the ideal balanced diet.'" ... TABLE 1 n ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS ANNUALLY REPORTED FOR EACH SEX DURING THE DECADE 1941-50 II>tl Cl Excess{+) or Excess{+) or Exec••< +)or Number of Nurnbcr of "' Number or blrtha Number of deaths dctlcleooy{-) deHrtoncy{ -) deH•·I•ucy{-) female blrtbo ft.·maJe Yc~>r --.. of female of ftlrunle or blrt hs over per 1,000 deathe Both "'exoa Male }'emale Both f:le:oea • Male Female births over deaths over deaths, both male male blrtba male deatho eexee blrtba P•~~~o dcatbl 1 2 8 4 6 6 7 8 9 JO 11 12 Total1911•60 4,660,984 2,419,702 2,241,102 4,298,879 2,240,765 2,058,114 -178,600 -182,651 +862,106 1126·¥ 011!·6 1D&O . 444,6'3 2!!0,014 214,6211 3f>6,843 1~5,H6 171,3117 - 15,4~5 - 14,0411 + 1!7,700 932·7 1124·~ 1UU 41!1!,1!i3 2f>3,200 234,1153 372,6511 1110,116 1~2.443 - 11!,247 7,673 + 116,5114 1127·11 lloU·6 11"8 ·~3.~64 2:1.;,710 217,864 a~u.271! 1118,401 1~6,877 - 17,856 - 11,624 + 61!,286 924·2 1141·11 U47 427,766 222,11!4 20a,671 387,166 21ll,062 18fi,l08 - 16,618 - 14,11511 + 40,690 1126·2 0~5·8 11146 624,366 271,868 252,4117 414,687 216,331 1118,366 - 111,871 - 17,1176 +10~.678 1121!·7 llld·O 11146 . 467,8f>6 238,616 218,840 441!,600 233,812 216,288 - 111,676 - 18,024 + 8,766 917•6 .. ~~·7 1DU . 877,876 1116,160 181,216 677,876 800,429 276,1146 - 14,944 - 23,41!3 -1119,91111 uza·s U21•8 1943 440,014 22<1,712 211,802 624,266 882,1 TABLE 1.1 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1941 ....~ Exoou{ + l or E~ceos(+/. or Excess{+lor Number or Number of Number ofblrtba Number of deatba dollclency -) detlolenoy -) detlclenoy -) female births fem.Uo Looalltr offemale offem!Olo of blrtha over per 1,000 deatba Botb Bezea Male. Female Botb Boxes Male Female blrtbl over deathaover dea:~~ botb b'::~f.~ pe!!i~uo m~le birth• rnale deaths 1 deatbl 1 ll 8 .. a e 7 I II 10 11 u WEST BEliOAL ITATB lit1,280 280,326 260,8611 884,1!20 1101,173 183,047 -18,370 -18,128 +167,080 1130·8 008'11 Bnr4wao lllYilloo 870,&28 188,81.6 180,811 183,847 8&,488 88,4111 - 8,704 -7,0411 + 88,&78 837·7 825·1 Jlurdwao 60,498 26,926 24,678 86,618 10,148 17,870 -1,862 - 1,778 + 13,1180 9•7·8 DON Blrbhum 86,124 18,861 16,771 23,178 12,047 11,128 - 1,682 921 + 11,961 962·8 928'6 Bankura - 80,980 18,808 18,127 27,048 18,9411 18,0118 878 866 + 11,888 9U•O 988•8 Mldoopur - 82,120 42,028 40,097 64,842 27,964 26,888 -1,920 - 1,666 + 27,778 11~4·2 1144•0 Booghl1 86,460 111,114 17,886 22,218 11,608 10,708 - 1,778 - 800 + 14,234 900·8 980•11 Bowrab 29,404 16,897 14,007 20,866 10,890 9,700 -1,890 -1,124 + 8,748 1109•7 8116'11 l'r1114eoor lllYialoo . 1!70,7114 lt0,710 130,044 1100,1!78 1011,677 84,688 -10,888 -11,081 + 70,481 824-1 8811"1 24·Parg&D&I • 80,118 48,161 42,966 118,226 88,246 27,981 -8,186 -2,264 + 80,890 981•0 926'1 Calcutta 29,200 16,088 18,267 86,176 19,718 16,468 -2,776 -8,250 8,880 826·11 836'1 Nadia - 27,468 14,202 18,266 21,766 11,408 10,848 94!1 -1,060 + 6,702 933·4 1107"1 1\lunhldobad , - 66,768 1!0,828 • 27,446 81,481 16,862 14,669 - 1,878 -2,298 + ~6,887 1130·0 1164'0 Maida , 16,068 7,824 7,2" 10,186 6,481 4,706 680 768 + 4,902 926•11 861•8 Weal DlnaJpur 111,818 8,010 7,808 11,862 6,1190 6,872 i04 !118 + ,4,466 1174·6 896'8 JalJ>Alllurl 26,080 18,267 12,668 20,439 10,422 10,017 604 406 + 6,491 115,·6 961•1 • DarJ~•IIfli 11,808 6,900 6,408 10,717 6,676 6,141 4112 436 + 6111 916·8 92 ... 0 Cooolt Bobar • Not available TABLE 1.2 ACTUAL NUMBER OF lllRTUS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADl\IJNISTRATlVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 194l . Ell..,oll(+)or Bll-ll(+)or Bs~+)or I'umber of l'u.,.berot Number of blrtbe Number of de.tba dolldoocy(-) dellcloocy(-) d•6•1•ocy(-) femal• blnba r.o.... ~llJ .... orremale orromale O( blr\be OYM p.r 1,UIJU d ..Lhl llotb 8eaee 14ale J'omale Jlotb8e:ue Male J'emale blrthooYer df'ath• o••r deatho, botb male per l,ooo maloblnba maiedMtba en• blnba _.. d ..Lba I I ' 6 I 7 • I 10 11 11 WUI' BUOAL IUD . 608,1178 183.108 U3,,71 .,7,888 182.818 186,1178 -18,888 -l1,7t0 +111&.811 Ill·· tol·l l ..waaDMIIoa . 1118,89'7 '1M,031 W.Biil 171.848 88,1!08 83.187 -8,181 -1,081 + 88,11114 131·0 141·1 Jlordweo 62,846 27,041 25,804 84,801 17,861 18,UO - 1,737 -1,421 + 18,044 liS&· I 11~11·· JtlrbbDID 87,098 18,8711 18,428 22,840 ll.C>74 11,266 248 808 + 14.168 111141·1 1171·· llanllura 88,818 19,7110 19,026 26,881 12,937 12,444 - 764 4118 + U,U6 1161·· tlftl·ll )lldnapo.r 71,788 86,1101 84,886 60,685 26,768 24,869 --2,016 8117 + 81.161 '"6·· IHI6•1 lloot~hly 86,824 19,250 17,07t 21,169 11,069 10,0110 -2,178 1179 + 16,166 11117·0 1111·1 Howrab 28,628 12.886 11,1U 17,027 8,999 8,028 - 1,1142 1171 + 0,601 111111•7 llllll·l rr ..t ..., Dl'rllloa 811,881 121,08t U7,017 178,518 H,l07 es.ue -1l.t'7 -11,871 + 70,188 IU•t 171·0 14-P.,..._, 81,184 42,5119 88,566 49,898 26,U4 23,454 -4,004 - 2,9110 + 81,238 0416·1 11116·1 (;elouu.a 111,887 11,8611 8,478 24,694 14,478 10,121 -2,881 - ,,861 .,767 U8·• 01111·1 l'iedla 1128•1 80,100 16,1166 14,440 21,882 11,844 10,638 - 1,2~6 1106 -+ 8,U4 tll•7 )I urobl~bad : 66,116 28,870 26,746 88,888 17,418 16,920 - 1,82t --1,4113 + 1!1,7118 tld·8 1114·1 )talda 12.1111 6.810 5,8011 8,808 8,8611 2,949 601 410 + 6,1111 11~11·8 1177·11 Wea&Dl..... jpU l8,1!2ll 7,008 8,8111 10,353 6,887 4,986 1114 421 + 1,6611 1173·7 Jalpal(IUrl • 28,7811 12,26. 11,485 19,1102 10,211 11,691 7611 620 + 8,1!S7 ua7·1 11411-l~~~··· J)arjM~ • 10.808 6.638 5,276 10,273 5,478 •• 7117 268 0711 + 686 1161·· 11741·0 (;oocb • Jr«* avalleble rg TABLE 1.3 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN TilE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1943 Exoeoo( +)or Bx-•(+)or Bx..,.. (+)or Nllmber or ... mt...r of N 11mber or blrtba N11mber of doatbs doftcloocy( -) doftoloocy(-) dotleloncy(-) female blrtba (ooiAie Lorallt)' orromale orromalo or blrtho over per l,UOU dealha llotbBosee Male Female Botb Sexes Male J'emale blrtllo over doatbo over doatho, botb mille male birth• malo doatlla ..,,. ... blrU,. pe~~~ daelba I 8 • 6 0 7 8 I 10 11 u QS'f BUOAL I!ATI MtO,Olt 1!28,7li 811,302 824,268 832,182 292,08, -17,Uo -40,098 - 184,261 t23·1 ., ... lardwu Dlrilloo eu,1oe 125,~21 118,783 8J.M35 188,021 1t?,Olt -8,540 -81.007 12,821 131·1 17t·O llurdwao 42,328 6,1311 113~·4 1110·8 lllrl>huw 21,837 20,491 47,467 24,842 22,625 - 1,346 - 2.217 83,221 16,9811 16,2S2 40,4811 20,612 19,877 71>7 ?a~ 7.~1111 11:.~·4 11<16·8 ltanku.ra - SS,IIII8 17,81:18 16,42'.! 40,170 111,2117 91111 - 1,~Y6 0,3<1~ 1166·8 ll'lJ·II Mhtnapur 20,8"'3 H,3111 31!,500 85,1!111 124,7311 67,247 67,422 - 2.6~1 - 11,75~ 60,4~•J II:J U·Pillleaoaa. 03,1101 83,8~4 80,047 91,213 61,3711 39,834 - 8,807 -11,545 27,11:& IVI7·6 77~·jj l'alt'UIL& 20,8~8 -8,160 81,1110 b~l·l Mil•¥ l'iedta 11,3114 11,2414 52.268 27,70JII 24.6~11 -2,130 2:1,041 11,96& 11,0~6 ae,sto 1Y,706 111,134 1151 672 16,71111 ll'lll·ll 117HJ ll ur-hld~bad : 36,741 18,1>56 - 2;,3:J:l ~:!11·2 llflt·l )lalua 17,7~6 65,073 a:J,J31 81.~42 - 1,171 - 1.1~11 e.~~ 4,77S 11,317 5,~111 5,426 {Jl):! 6~5 ~.l~ll 1>116·11 11~1·1 \\MDI..... 4.27J J~ U.ll~ll 7,~71 7,418 12,458 11,642 6,1116 153 11~11 2,oJ;H ViU·I4 11'16·3 J &IJ>al!curt • - + 111,M:l ll,llt-8 ll,~io& ft,l!()4 18,933 12,871 130 - 1,062 II,IIGi ""7·0 ""3'" l>ar,.W:1 • II,~ tl!ll 1,670 1117·11 l'.-lllk ar , ..1107 .,71!1 ll,£l>il 6,870 6.888 128 ea·• ·~ ...&llaW. TABLE 1.4 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1944 Exce••(+)or Excess(+) or Exces•( +)or Number of Number or Number of blrtho Nombtrofdeatba deficiency(-) dellci•""Y(-) deflclo•noy(-) female blrtho offemale offt•male ft·mnl• J,oralll., r------~------of birth• ovtr per 1,000 df"IUhl Both 8oxeo Mole Female Both Bexeo Male Female births over drathlll ovt>r deat.hl!, both DlAie per 1,000 male birth& male deaths aexeo births male deaths 7 8 II 2 8 ' 6 6 10 11 12 276,948 -14,944 WEST BUOAL STATE 8?7,378 188,180 181,218 6?7,876 300,428 - 23,t83 -199,999 923"8 921·1 - 7,361 Bardwaa DlYialoa 1103,427 10~,394 98,033 269,660 137,7£4 131,898 11,868 -88,238 830·1 807·f -1,285 Jlurdwon 85,857 18,821 17,086 48,661 25,046 23,60& 1,4'1 - 18,2114 11211·11 1142.5 lilrhhum !1,691 11,188 10,608 41,200 20,244 20,1156 - 676 + 712 - 19,5011 11:19·6 10,5911 1,036·2 JiAnkura 24,160 12,Dr>6 11,604 81,484 1&,88& - 952 286 - 7,324 1124·11 11112·0 Mldnnpur llb,7112 84,058 81,736 711,124 40,759 88,360 - 2,824 8,894 - 18,332 931·8 14,22& 1141•8 HooRhly 28,610 U,ll311 13,671 211,886 1&,160 - 1,268 1136 776 916·1 11:111·8 27,817 14,887 18,480 811,816 20,670 111,146 - 857 1,624 llowrah - 11,9911 940·2 11~6·8 Pruldeaor Dlmloa 173,848 90,788 83,183 307,716 189,866 141.0110 - 7,683 - 17,8111 -133,788 818·11 881'8 46,286 89,182 -11,861 24·P&r"IDII , &1,848 27,162 24,491 84,418 8,064 - 82,7711 902·0 866·2 (:alcutta 21,981 11,6811 10,242 62,846 211,602 23,248 -1,447 6,3611 -80,914 876·11 16,861 14,917 726 1184 7M•ll Nadia , , 16,UO 8,738 8,007 80,768 - 14,028 916·11 11n·1 Mur•hldabad , 29,128 111,051 14,072 66,916 28,826 28,090 1179 736 -- 27,798 11:16·0 Maida , , 16,162 8,UII 25,851 13,334 12,017 736 1,817 974·6 7,713 - 11,11111 912·11 9tll·ll Wo•t DlnaJpur 14,601 7,588 7,053 18,674 9,656 8,918 485 738 - 8,9113 9:16•7 14,147 13,168 436 923·6 JnlpRIRUt( , 16,116 8,276 7,840 27,81& 9711 -11,11111 947•8 11:10•8 Darjoollnl! , 7,0"' 8,878 8,766 11,628 6,018 6,616 118 4118 - 8,886 970•11 Cooob llehar , Not naUable 1117·11 TABLE 1.5 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1945 Exceao(+) or Esoeao( +/. or Exceae( +) o• Number ot Number Number of blrtha Number of deaths deficiency(-) defloleooy -) deftclenoy(-) female blrt.ba or orremale orremale fomale Looalltr of births over per 1 000 deathe Both Bexea Fe.male. Both B~llOI .Male F011111lt : blrtbaover deathe over . deatba, both • mal~ male blrtba male deaths per 1,000 1eze1 blrtha male death a 1 2 3 II 8 II 10 8 ' 11 12 WEST BENGAL BTATB 4117,868 113S,Gl8 1118,840 C48,800 233,818 116.,288 -19,878 -18,024 + 8,768 817'11 822·7 Burdwaa Dhr.toa -8,481 -8,740 1311,307 122,381 111,8113 ICC,G90 104,1811 100,421 +30,717 822·7 884-1 Jlnrdwao 88,797 20,176 18,621 86,881 18,678 17,711 -1,665 - 1181 + ..... '922·11 Jltrbhum 24,628 16,181 950·4 12,664 11,962 29,947 14,766 - 702 + 416 -6,821 944·8 1,028·1 llnnkura 81,168 16,084 16,079 26,1118 13,6f0 12,878 -1,006 -1,167 + 11,260 987·5 lr!ldDR(lUr 86,249 64,8111 211,078 1!8,488 - 8,8!11 1118-1~ 40,984 67,661 - 695 +27,688 928·7 9711·6 Boo11hly 28,8911 16,166 18,787 26,971 18,096 12,875 -1,418 221 + 2,921 906·4 Bowrah 26,680 13,801 -1,400 -1,211 983·1 13,9110 12,690 28,818 16,012 -2,238 8911·11 11111·8 l'rt~ldeaor Dl Ylllo a , 12S,049 118,132 128,147 114,868 -1D,8111 106,817 1144,010 -u.eu -111,861 8111·0 888·t IIC·PRl"II&Dal o 88,918 88,781 80,187 67,778 80,800 27,478 -8,644 - 2,821! + 6,140 894'11 906·9 Calrutta 27,728 14,616 18,1111 U,878 1!3,824 18,064 -1,604 -6,770 -14,160 8117·1 Nadia , , 28,884 12,670 11,264 12,860 11,891 -1,806 - 9611 767·8 24,761 - 917 896•1 824·7 Mnrohlda bad , U,426 22,999 21,427 48,617 24,930 28,687 -1,672 -1,248 -4,191 931·7 Mohla , , 1!0,228 10,620 9,608 19,636 10,468 11,068 -1,012 -1,400 960·1 + 61l2 904-7 1166·8 W••t Plnajpur 13,048 6,809 6,234 16,306 8,678 7,727 576 861 -8,262 916·8 J"ai(>Aillllfl 18,676 U,486 9,090 12,616 11,692 895 823 900·8 24,207 -6,882 968·4 934·2 DorJrrllnll , 10,~97 6,802 4,1196 10,1188 6,672 . 6,266 - 807 - 406 - 841 842·1 Conch Bobar , :Not available 11'~11·6 .1. Ita L '·' TABLE 1.6 ACfUAL NUMBER OF DIRTIIS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN TilE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1946 l:ll-.(+)or Jlll-c+)or •"-<+)or •umt..r of •am""r of •amber ofblttha I'umber of dea\ba dellcleooJ(-) ddeleoeJ(-) d•lloleDOJ(-) fa~• blrtbe ,...... _,,., orremale of female of blnba o••r pNl,OOII dMlha BoUII!u• IIU. ••male BoUI8esM IIale blnbaoeer dMthaonr dealha, botb ..... ••male malebtrtbe ~odaa\ba Idea blttba ""'..!~""'· deatbe I I I ' 6 • ' • • 10 u II trlft IUOAL lt.lTI 114,181 171888 16MD7 Ut,887 118,.331 118,818 -11,871 -17,111 +lot,m .. ., ...... DiwUioa IU,80I 181,16t 130,U1 180,601 118,181 11,011 -1,808 -1,477 +7t.aot tan taU llurdwoo •s.s•a 2C.,UII 23,897 8&,6111 18,f>ll1 18,11811 -r,o•e -I,UB + IS,ll!t IIIII·& 1111·1 lurbham ao,we 16,,H8 U,1140 81,761 16,7711 16,D~2 &26 + l!UII 1,366 IIIICI·I) l,OI~·IJ ""nkura ll!,tl!O llt,IIU 111,6~9 1!3,23, 1!,867 10,~77 - l,2M1 - I,,MO -+ U,lll6 11311·· 11"0·1 llldltal'''' 110,266 ,6,331! 43,1138 &3,2711 27.218 1!6,068 - II,SD\1 -1,168 + 811,11>'6 11411·1 1167·11 Houwhly 86,0118 111,1110 16,\1011 22,11111 11,64& 10,66' - 1,27t -1,0111 + 1¥,1<107 II~II·IJ 11118·8 lluwroh 28,776 U,OIIIt 12,01111 U,6011 12,1111 11,51111 - J,,oa - 1,818 + a,¥118 lltlll·· IIUII·I ,._...., DlwUioa . 114,180 U2,.ilt ut.041 124,181 U7,84J 10I.IM -10,418 -U.tll + IO,I'lt nu IOU 14-Par•onaa • 7C,67' 89,800 86,27' 48,840 26,8'9 22,6111 -4,0211 -1!,1168 + 26,284 11117·1 liM•·T (:al~utta aa,•u 17,.68 16,D67 86,137 liO,UII 16,11118 -1,4117 -4,361 11,7¥8 Ill··· 7114·0 !lad Ia 25,1138 13,170 12,868 1!4,831 12,8111 11,212 602 •o7 + 1,007 1181·11 11117·7 llnrohld;bad : .7,684 1!4,612 23,022 46,7111 23,826 23,166 -1,4DO '61 + 743 11a11·1 1180·6 ...... 111,1124 10,6211 9,.11D6 111,266 10,117 11,189 - 1,13' 11711 + 6611 IIU¥·8 11oa·a w... , uanaJvur 17,61111 11,12ll ~.676 16,876 11,715 7,661 648 - 1,054 + 1,H2ll 11411·1 1!7U·I Jall••l~oul 26,101 13,035 12,066 23,420 12,243 11,177 98t - 1,068 + 1,M1 1126·7 lllll·ll 1>orjfof'lloll 10,,110 6,3112 r.,o88 11,035 4,624 .,411 804 1118 + 1,U6 11•3·8 u~a-11 C ExC801s( +/.or Ell-(+/.or EKceoa(+/.or Number of Number of Number of blrtbe Nomber of deatba dolloleocy -) delloleooy -) deftoleoeJ -) fowalo bl rtbe f•male l.oeallty orremale of female of blrtbo over per 1,000 doaUoa BotbBellea Hale Jremale Both se,.o1 Hate Female blrtho over d08thoover deatbo, both nu•le per 1,UOU male blrtho male deatbo It' See blrtbe Ol&le d•atbe I 8 4 6 8 7 8 • 10 11 12 WU1' BI:IIOAL ITA1'1 tll7,755 1122,18t 1105,671 887,16b 1101,062 188,103 -18,813 -14,8118 +to,li90 8261 121·1 Bardwu DI.Woa llB.Oiit Ul,839 104,2U 183,910 811,102 84,808 - 7,824 - UM +12.144 tall 1687 Jlord•·ao ,0,8111 21,151 111,665 35,814 18,,t~O 17,13' - 1,4~8 -1,8411 + 6,202 11211·7 1127·2 Jltrl>hum 1!2,257 11,364 10.~~8 26,1108 13,612 13,2111 •n - 821 - ,,646 llall·O t711·· llaukur• 211,471 1&,071 26,642 13,4115 13,047 671 4411 + 2,iJ~ij 1166·6 1166·8 lllkl ..por 7l,D24 87,2,.. "·'()()s•,640 57,63' 211,11611 211,665 - 2,6U au• +14,2110 11211·1 ~"11·6- HO<>t~hlJ SO,U311 16,7114 H,Z46 22,110, 11,1160 10,11H -1,5411 - 1,018 + 7,1:16 llfll·ll 1116·1 llowrob 21,!;47 11,176 10,871 2,,318 12,61!6 11,727 1!03 - ~~~~ - ~.7tUS ll:tll·1 PU·7 fttal ..ae, DhiaJDD 211.701 110,8U 101,868 193,261 101,1180 111,.296 -8,8811 -10,84111 +11,448 81U ..... 16-ParcaD&O. 611,1SS 81,8011 27,82' 45,178 23,7311 21,HO - 8,486 - 2.2~11 +18,967 1!~8·7 11113·1 ('ah-utta 13,2114 17,2ll4 16,000 41,136 2~,afitt 11>,777 -l,:l04 - ¥,51!1 -7,1131 eao·o Ull·l Nadia 21,1W4 11,077 10,117 111,83, 10,118 11,721 111!0 8112 + ),3t!IJ 1113·1 161·1 lllunhld~bad: 84,11MO lt<,l88 16,7112 33,874 17,6~11 16,176 - 1,3118 -1,624 + 1,1110 11~3·1 ..... Maida 13,5~1!1 7,1H 8,4H 11,2113 6,091 6,112 700 11711 + 2,8:t5 11411·0 118\1·1 " ..l n•~•Jvur 13,8111 7,11~ 0,701 H,762 7,771 8,1191 1M \146 1141·11 1!119·1 Jalpah:url U,38S 12,477 11,1108 18,740 11,776 11,1164 '"66\1 1112 + 6,6fa 1164·· tlll-11 l>ar)"'IIUil 11,,01 &,bel 6,600 11,~31 4,4111 4,116 201 801 + 2,11ao ~~~~·0 ~»1·1 "'-b IIeber • •ot nallable 1 TABLE 1.8 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1948 Excess(+/. or Excess(+1. or Excess(+(. or Number of Nnmb•rof Number of births Number of deaths deficiency -) deflcl•ncy -) deflcl•ocy -) female births f•male LOII&IIty of female of female of births over p•r 1,000 deaths Both Be:rea Male Female Both Bexea Male Female births over deaths over deaths, both male per 1,000 male births male deaths aexes birtha male death a l 2 8 ' II II 7 I 8 10 11 12 WEST BENGAL STATE tii8,11M 286,710 217,8&4 885,2'78 188,401 188,8'7'7 -1'7,8118 -11,1121 +88,288 924•8 941-9 Bar4waa Dl•hloa . 211,11&& 111,140 10S.W 188,11!1 8&,188 83,231 - 7,'7211 -1,988 +28,181 eao·s 8'78-1 Bordwan 117,1'71 18,808 17,868 Bi,8U 17,538 17,808 -1,4811 232 + 2,827 9211·7 988·8 Bfrbhum 26,2(7 18,802 12,945 22,997 11,531 11,466 857 66 + 8,250 973•2 994·4 Jlaakura 27,480 U,202 13,278 .1·1 L~ 4 ·~~ 9 J . t ti 12,551 11,978 924 573 + 2,951 934·9 954'8 ~ ~ ~. Mfdnapur 76,521 89,593 86,928 59,273 29,625 . "29,648 -2,666 + 23 + 17,248 932·7 1,000•8 llooghly 26,664 18,987 1?,627 22,284 11,323 10,961 -1,810 862 + 4,280 906·0 968•0 Bowrah 20,572 10,808 11,769 24,497 12,625 11,872 - 1,034 753 8,926 904·8 940·4 Pruldeao, Dl\'lrloa . 239,009 ]2~,570 114,439 198,8GI 103,1!08 93,848 -10,131 -9,682 +42,855 818·7 80'7'1 24·Parganoa . 61,868 82,6114 29,214 49,105 26,626 23,480 -8,440 -2,145 +12,768 894•7 916•3 Calrutta 40,842 21,222 111,120 48,178 26,767 22,411 - 2,102 -8,856 -7,836 901·0 869•8 Nadia . 21,7116 11,8117 10,8118 10,082 9,1115 8,417 - 999 198 + 2,788 . 912·8 979'6 Kurahldabad , &1',026 21,644 20,882 28,646 14,704 18,842 - 1,262 862 +18,480 941·7 9U·6 Kalda 20,8711 10,728 11,666 12,181 6,661 6,620 -1,067 -1,141 + 8,198 IIOD-11 828•7 West DlnaJpur U,884 7,484 6,960 12,888 6,9811 6,897 484 ..-10811 + 1,601 984·9 846-1 Jnlpalgurl 26,8117 18,720 18,177 18,167 11,881 8,786 1143 -- 6115 + 8,730 1160·4 936·~ Darjeellng 11,818 11,776 5,642 8,762 4,4611 4,298 284 176 + 2,666 969-6 960'1> Coorh Jlehar , No,· avaUable ' .. . ' .. ' .. i' ' •• i. 1 .. .' .. TABLE 1.9 ACTUAL NUMBER OF DIRTIIS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACII SEX IN TilE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1949 Es-(+)or Jts-•(+)or Est'f!N(+)or l'um~r or l'um~ror •umberolblrtbe .NuDiber ofdeatba dellelrner(-) dellrlrney(-) drtlrlrnry(-) lrmalr blrtho f•male ~.oca~a, ,..-- .... orr.male offr1011le of blrtbo o,.er per 1oOOU d ..th• Botiii!Gee Male J'emale llotiiBn.. Male J'emale blrlho o ...r doatho onr deathoo both •••I• prr 1o000 male blrtba maledoatba ...... blrtba male daatba I I a • 6 0 ' 8 • 10 11 11 WU! 11.1041. ITA!& «88,163 263,100 134,963 371!,669 190,118 198,tt8 -19,1!t7 -7,873 +116.aet 111'1°1 168'~ 0. •••wu Dtrtaloa 111!4,1011 ll8o84il 107,868 193,01!8 11,111 80,816 -1.788 -1.188 .. + tl,t71 ll!tol 18TG llurd•au ,0,116 10,7111 19,86' 82,620 111,4C.8 18,067 -U07 180 + 7,696 1131·1 t711·6 lllrhhum 26,(>1!8 13oll72 12oll10 24,6!10 12o2H 12,438 - 7611 + 1112 + 1oiiiJ!I 844·7 lo016·7 l\ankura 211o945 16,C.II7 14,848 28,166 11,7711 11o877 - 1o249. 'Oil + 8o7~11 8111·11 IJI\~·11 Mldnapur . 71'1,368 ,0,578 87,7118 f>lloll·lll 211o72ll 80o2~7 - 2o71'10 + 60~ + 1Mo417 1131·6 1,017·0 lt••uvhly 27,1104 14,670 18o234 200645 100f>60 lO.Ot U·Par~auae o 84,172 83,66' 80,608 t7,453 24,703 22o750 - 2o958 -10953 + 18,7111 1111·11 112o·t ('alruUa 67,516 211,707 27,801! t1,1!62 22o523 19,339 - 1,b99 -3,11!4 + 16o663 11:111-l 1!6~·11 Nadia 20,790 10o7b7 10,003 19,147 9,4113 9,6~4 - 784 + 161 + 1,843 9~7·3 J,OI7·0 Murohhlabad: 43,61!0 22,665 21,015 28,566 14,346 14,220 - 1o650 126 + 16o114 9~7·2 11111·1 ltaltia 21,0117 11,132 9,965 12o664 6o648 6,016 - 1,167 832 ... 8,433 1!115·ll 11114·11 ,,,. ..t lli~•Jpur 17,7011 II,Oilb 80623 13,374 8,0011 6,468 '62 ,38 + ,,334 1149·1 1173·1 Jall'alwurl 27,0113 13o725 13,361! 111o201 11,171 11,030 857 141 + 8,1192 1174·0 111!4·8 DarjHIInl 11,6113 6,81!6 6,707 8,266 ,,2u; 4,051 170 184 + 3,327 D61l·O 0111'1 Cooeb llebar Not available » TABLE 1.10 CJ) ACTVAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1950 Esce«e(+lor Esooeo(+)or Escen( +)or :!lumber ot )lumber or .Number of blrtba t. umber of deatba dellclency -) dellclency(-) deftcltncy(-) remale blrtba f•m•le LocalltJ ..... of female of female of blrtba over per 1,000 dratllo lloth Sesee Male Female Botb Seseo Male Female blrtheover deatho over death1, both male per loOOO male birth• maledeatba •e:xee blrtha male deatba I 2 3 ' 6 8 7 8 II 10 11 l2 WEST BUGAL ITATII U4,643 l!:lO,Glt 21t,629 866,843 186,448 171,397 -16,486 -14,049 .. 87,700 132°7 124'1 Bardwu Di1iolou 20.1,828 100,088 117,640 1tl8,481 86,468 81,988 - 8,546 - 4,466 +86,186 llll't 148°. llurdwan 35,4711 18 377 17,102 30,305 15,790 14,605 - 1,275 - 1,1~6 + 600~4 1130·8 D25·0 1Urhhum 20,431 10.,409 90932 23o4U6 11,~69 llo637 - t67 - E32 - 2oll75 "'"·0 t?~·o }\allknra 25,421 13.187 12,234 21o484 11.253 10,281 - 953 - 1,(!22 + 30~:.7 9~7·7 ~111'2 );tldna)•ur 74,704 8~,733 35,1171 63,340 27ol54 26oH 1941-19;;0 1941 1942 11143 1944 1946 1946 1947 1948 111411 1950 ,_____... .A . ~ ...... -'---.. -. Dlatrlct Kale Female '" Male Female .. M•le Female Male Female Male Female Male Female lllale Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male };emale 1 I a • 6 6 7 8 II, 10 11 12 13 u 10 16 17 18 111 20 21 22 23 Rurdwn.n . 21s,a8s 203,411 25,926 24,573 27,041 25,304 21,837 20,491 18,321 17,036 20,176 18,621 25,446 23,397 21,161 19,666 19,303 17,868 20,761 19,354 18,377 17,102 Hlrhhum 142,164 }:!5,!;25 18,353 16,771 18,672 18,426 16,989 16,232 11,183 10,508 12,664 11,962 15,466 14,940 11.364 10,893 13,302 12,945 13,672 12.~16 10,4119 9,932 Uankura. 1112,519 1.>3,105 11!,803 18,127 19,790 19,026 17,388 16,420 12,556 11,604 16,084 15,079 111,841 18,589 15,071 14,400 14,202 13,278 15,597 14,~48 13,187 12,234 MirlllllJIUf 3Q~,312 872,734 42,023 40,0117 36,901 34,885 38,[;00 35,819 34,058 31,734 44,315 40,934 46,332 43,933 87,284 34,640 39,593 86,928 40,573 37,793 38,733 85,0il Honlo(hly 161,1169 146.~114 111,114 17,836 19,250 17,074 17,166 15,674 14,939 13,671 15,155 13,737 18,180 16,906 16,7114 14,246 13,937 12,627 14,570 13,234 18,864 12,890 Howrah 128,521 116,316 1i'>,397 14,007 12,385 11,143 13,4~3 12,147 14,337 13,480 13,990 12,590 14,089 12,686 11,175 10,372 10,803 9,769 11,476 10,211 11,426 9,1H1 24·Pj.ul(,.,na~ a;,l,4"'5 3l6,6M3 46,151 42,965 42,569 38,665 33,854 30,047 27,152 24,491 33,731 30,187 39,300 35,274 31,309 27,824 32,654 29,214 3a,564 30,608 31,161 27,608 .Jalcutta 1~1,9~0 16~,791! 16,033 13,257 ll,359 8,478 11,394 9,264 11,689 10,242 14,616 13,112 17,454 16,957 17,204 16,000 21,222 19,120 29,707 27,808 31,242 29,660 Nadia 116,754 109,637 14,202 u,2o6 16,666 U,440 11,946 11,095 8,733 18,007 12,570 11,2" 13,170 12,668 11,077 10,117 11,397 10,398 10,787 10,003 7,206 8,889 Mur.hldabad 2~0,969 20!!,6:10 29,828 27,U5 28,370 26,748 18,956 17,785 15,061 14,072 22,999 21,427 24,612 23,022 18,188 16,792 21,644 20,382 22,665 21,016 19,261 19,944 Maid" 87,174 78,899 7,824 7,244 6,310 6,809 4,776 4,273 8,449 7,713 10,620 11,608 10,5211 11,395 7,114 6,414 10,723 11,656 11,132 9,965 11,698 8,322 Weot Dlna)pur 78,643 72,446 8,010 7,808 7,003 6,819 7,671 7,418 7,638 7,063 6,809 6,234 9,122 8,676 .7,115 6,701 7,434 6,950 9,086 8,623 6,856 6,266 .Jalpal~tul 118,920 113,038 13,267 12,663 12,254 11,486 11,986 9,856 8,276 7,840 11,486 11,090 13,03(; 12,066 2,477 11,908 13,720 13,177 13,72(; 13,868 12,696 11,680 Dar)Miln~, 64,2" 61,681 6,900 6,408 6,633 6,276 4,907 4,781 3,878 8,765 (;,302 4,119(; 6,392 6,088 6,861 6,600 6,776 6,642 6,886 6,707 6,8011 6,420 Ooooh Bo ar Not available roru 2,,U,7112 1,2U,1112 280,826 260,1166 268,108 248,476 228,712 211,802 196,160 181,216 238,616 218,840 271,868 262,497 222,184 206,671 236,710 217,86, 268,200 234,1168 280,014 214,6211 1:.:> o..l TABLE 3 BIRTH RATES .(NUMBER OF BIRTHS PER 1,000 OF TOTAL POPULATION) A-Calculated on the population at the census of 1941 19U-1960 1941 1942 1948 1944 1946 1946 1947 1948 1949 11160 ,.....---J'--"" Dbtrlot Male Female :Male Female Male Female :Male Female Male Female lllale Female Male Female :Male Female :Male Female Male Female Male Female 1 a 8 • II 6 8 9 10 11 12 1li u 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Aver1111e ' B11rdwnn 11•5 : 10•8 18•7 18·0 14·8 18•4 ll•6 10•8 9•7 9·0 10•7 9·8 13•5 12·4. 11·2 10·4 10·2 9·6 11·0 10·2 9·7 9·0 .Birbhurn 13·6 111-11 17-11 16·8 17·8 17·6 16•2 15·6 10•7 10•0 12•l 11-4 14•8 U·8 10·8 10·4. 12·7 12·8 18·0 12•8 10·11 0•6 Bank11ra 12·8 11•9 14•6 14•0 15•3 14•7 13•5 12·7 9·7 9·0 12·5 ll·7 15·4 ' 14·4 11·7 ll·2 11·0 10•8 12·1 11•1 10·2 9•6 Mldnap11r 12·11 ll·7 18·2 12·6 11•6 10·9 11•6 12·7 11•8 12·1 11·8 Boognly 12·1 ll·ll 10•7 9·9 13•9 12•8 14·6 18·8 11·7 10·8 12·4 11•8 10•7 18•11 12·8 14•0 12·4 12·11 11·4 10•8 9·9 ll•O . 10•0 13•2 12·8 ~ 11·6 10·8 10•1 11·11 10·6 9•6 10·1 9•0 Howrab 8·6 7•8 10•8 9•& 8·8 7·5 9•0 8•2 9•6 9·0 9•4. 8•, 11·6 8·6 7·6 7·0 7•2 6·6 7·7 6·11 7·7 6·7 114-l'art~anai 9•0 8•0 12·6 11·7 11•6 10•5 9·8 8•ll 7•4 6•7 9•2 8•2 10•7 9·6 8·6 7·6 8·9 8·0 9·1 8·4 8·11 7·6 Calcutta 8·6 7•7 7·6 6•8 6·4 4.•0 •·9 4•4 5•6 4.·11 6·9 6•2 8•8 7·6 8·2 7·6 10·1 9·1 14·1 18·2 14·8 14·0 Nadia 18·9 18·0 16·9 16·8 18·6 17•2 14·2 13•2 10•4 9•6 15·0 18•4 16•7 15·1 13·2 12·0 18·6 12·· 12·8 11·9 11·0 10·0 Murshldabad 18·6 12·7 17•9 16·7 17·8 16•8 . 11·6· • 19•8 II•B 8•6 14·0 . 18·1 15·0 14·0 11•1 " 10•2 13·2 12·4 13·8 12·8 11·7 12·2 M"lda 10·8 9·8 9•8 8·6 7•6 6•9 6•7 6·1 10•0 9·1 12·6 11•, 12·5 11·1 8·4 7·6 12·7 11•4 18·2 11·8 ll·6 9·9 Weot Dlna)pur 18·1 12·· 18•7 18·· 12·0 11·7 18·0 12·7 12·9 1lH 11·7 10•7 16•0 14·7 12·2. 11·6 12·7 11-11 15·6 14·8 11·8 10·7 .Jalpal~url , U·O 18·, 111•7 lli·O 14·6 13·8 11•8 11•6 9·8 9·8 ll·2 10•7 16·, 14·8 14·7 14·1 16·2 16·6 16·2 16·8 16·0 18·7 Dar)eel~ 14·· 18·7 15·7 14·4 14•7 14·0 18•0 12·7 10•8 10•0 14•1 13•8 14·3 13·6 15·6 14-9 16·8 U·7 16·6 1o·2 16·· U·• Tor&L 10•1 10•8 13•8 U•8 12·· 11·, 10•7 9•9 9·8 ~ A·~.: :11-2 .~~ 10•8 12·8 11·9 10·· 9·7 11·1 10·2 11·9 11·0 10·8 10.1 TABLE 4 BIRTH RATES (NUMBER OF BIRTIIS PER 1,000 OF TOTAL POPULATION) D-Calculated on the eatlmated population on the 30th June of each year computed on the assumption that the population changed at a uniform rate from one census to the next 11'1-lti.SO 11'1 llld 11'8 Ill" 11"6 11141 111'7 1MB lii'D 11160 l>lalllo\ Male J'amale Male J'emale Male Female Male l'emale )[ale )'elll&le )[ale J'elll&le Jlale l'tlll&le Kale J'elll&le Male J'tmele Male •·•ale )!Mil .__.. I ...... I I 0 I • 7 I • 10 11 11 II u 16 11 17 18 1t 10 11 u II Boar4wu . 11·0 10•8 11·7 18·0 U·l 18·1 11·8 10·8 8·1 8·8 10·1 11·8 18•8 11·1 11•0 10·1 10·0 11·1 10·8 10·0 1·6 1·1 Btrbllu• . • 11·1 11·1 17•0 11•1 17•6 17•8 111·8 lli·O 10·0 10·0 llH 11·11 U·8 1··8 11·0 10•6 12·8 11·11 18·1 n·• 10·1 1·0 Blllkura 11·• 11•7 lt•6 tt·O 16·1 1•·o 18·1 11·6 11•7 8·11 11·· 11•8 16•1 lt·l 11·• 10•11 10·7 10·0 11·7 10·1 1·1 liUdaapur 11·8 11·11 11·1 18·1 11·• 10•8 11·11 11·1 10•7 10·0 18-11 18·11 lt•O 18·8 11·11 10·7 18·1 11·1 1ll·· 11·11 11·1•·• 10•1 Booelllr 11·0 10•0 11•8 18•1 18•8 11•1 11·2 11·1 10·0 8·7 10·8 11·8 18•8 11·11 11·0 10·0 11•7 8·8 10·1 8·1 8·8 1·8 Bowrab 8·7 7·8 10•8 11·0 8·8 7•0 8•11 8·1 11·7 11·1 11·6 8·1i ll•li 8·8 7·1 7·0 7·8 0·8 7·8 8·8 7·1 8·7 I .. P&rii&D&I 1·11 1•11 ll·li 11·7 11•0 10•8 8•0 8·0 7·0 8·8 8·1 8·1 10·0 ll·li 8·0 7·6 8·8 7·1 8·0 8·1 8·1 7·1 Calcuua 1•8 1•0 7•0 0·8 li•O o·o 1•0 o·• 11·7 li·O Nl 8·0 8·0 7•11 8·6 7·11 10·0 11·8 lt·8 18·11 16•0 lt·8 lfaclla • 13·0 11·8 18·11 15•7 17·8 18•2 18•8 12·0 10·1 11·2 16·8 13·1 1&·2 lt·7 12•8 11·7 18·1 12·0 12·· 11·6 1·7 llunbldabacl • 11•6 11·• 17•8 111-7 17·0 18·0 11·2 10·6 11·8 8·8 U·2 18·2 1&•1 lt·2 11·2 10•8 18•8 1ll-& 13·1 12·11 11·11••• 12·0 Maida • 10•1 11·0 11·8 8·8 7·8 8•7 6•6 •·II 11·8 8·11 12·8 11·2 12·2 10·9 8·2 7•0 12·8 11·1 1ll-7 11·8 11•0 9·· Weat DloaJpur • 18·1 111·0 18·7 18•8 12·0 11·7 12•8 12·0 12·8 12·0 11·7 10·7 111·7 lt·7 12·2 11·6 12·8 11·9 16·0 U·7 11·7 10·7 lalpalllurl • • 1&·6 lt·7 16·7 16•0 18·0 lt·ll 18•0 12·8 10·11 10·8 12•7 12·2 17·6 18·2 10·0 16·8 18·1 17·0 17·11 17·• 111·· 16·0 DarJeeUna • ..... 18•7 16•7 .... lt·7 U·O 18·0 12·7 10·· 10·1 10·8 13·6 U·6 18·7 1&·7 16·0 lli·8 14·7 16·6 16·0 16·1! U·l Cooob Beber Not available fZ TouL • 11·8 11•7 18·1 lll·8 U·8 11•0 10•0 11·8 11•8 8•0 11·8 10•0 12·8 11•11 10·6 11·7 11-1 10•0 11·8 11•0 10·7 10·0 TABLES FEMALE BIRTHS REPORTED PER 1,000 MALE BIRTHS REPORTED ANNUALLY IN EACH DISTRICT 1941·1950 Year Weat Blllllwaa BlrbiiiUD Bankva )(Jdllapur Booahl:r Bo'IIT&b 24- Calcutta Nadia Murabl· Maida Weat lalpal• DarJ- Oooeb Be01al Pargaue dabad Dlujp11r llllll IIDI llebar .&--..for 1~U-~u • IIJS·I U1•0 9;;3•8 IIU•1 113;;·8 1108•9 905·0 1101·1 89!·11 1139·0 9H·2 8911·8 llttl-6 1160·11 1160·11 liiU • 1130•11 1147•8 118i1·8 IIU·O 1164·2 11118·8 11011·7 1131·0 826·11 933·4 1136·0 1125•11 1174·6 1154·6 1116·6 11113 • 112~·· 113~·8 1186•8 1181·6 1145·4 887·0 8911•7 1105·9 Hd·4 1121·7 1112·8 920·0 1173•7 937·2 llaJ·4 J(u& 11148 • 1121·t t:l8·· 1155·· 1114·3 1130·· 913·1 1103·8 8S7•5 1!91•3 1128•8 938·2 I!Ut·ll 11711·8 11~7·0 1174·1 ••aU· 111« , tZS·8 1129•8 9311·0 1124·2 1131·8 1116·1 9!0·2 1102·0 876·2 1116·11 1136·0 1112·11 936•7 1147·1 1170·11 able 111ft • 1117·6 1122·11 11«·0 1137•6 1123·7 1106·4 899·11 89!•9 8117·1 896·1 1131·7 110&·7 91S•8 115!1·4 1112·1 1918 • IIU·7 1111·6 11611·0 1138·11 et8·2 1129·11 1101)•4 1!117·6 OU·2 1161•11 1139·2 1!92•8 IIIIJol V:l.'i•1 913·11 Ul7 • ~~~~·:II 9~11·7 u:.s·8 g;)5·6 1129·1 1101·11 92i·1 888•7 930·0 . 1113·3 923•2 1101·8 IIH·8 11.;1·1 1155·11 11118 • 1124·1 1125·T 973·2 113!·11 1132·7 1108·0 110!·8 811!·7 1101·0 912·8 1141·7 1100·6 1134·11 8W·4 11511·6 l\}10 • 1127•11 1131·1 IIH•7 11111•11 1131·5 1108·8 8811·8 1111·11 1138·1 1127·8 1127·2 895-2 1111·1 1174·0 11811·8 uw , IIU·7 1130-0 1148-G 1127·7 IIU·7 8113·7 8117·· 882·8 Ull·2 1111·1 1,035·6 858·1 113·11 IIU·2 1181·0 ... TABLE 6 TOTAL DEATHS 1941-50 "~ d 11141•60 11141 11142 11143 19U 1946 1948 1947 11148 111411 11150 "'Ill Dlatrlct llale Female llale Female llale Female Male Female )!ale Female Male Female Male Female llale Female Male Female Male Female llale Female 2 8 4 II 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 111 20 21 22 23 Burdwao • 192,412 179,802 111,148 17,870 17,861 16,440 24,842 22,626 25,046 23,605 18,673 17,712 18,581 18,938 18,480 17,184 17,538 17,308 16,453 18,o67 15,790 14,605 BlrbbumJ. 144,278 148,118 12,047 11,126 11,674 11,266 20,612 19,877 20,244 20,958 14,766 16,181 15,779 16,982 13,612 13,291 11,531 11,466 12,244 12,438 11,869 11,637 Jlankura • . 188,629 180,806 13,9411 18,098 12,937 12,444 20,883 19,287 16,885 15,599 13,540 12,373 12,357 10,877 13,495 13,047 12,551 11,978 11,779 11,877 11,253 10,231 !rlldoapur. 833,490 816,886 27,1164 26,888 25,766 24,8611 67,247 67,492 40,769 38,366 29,078 28,483 27,216 26,063 28,969 28,665 29,625 29,648 29,722 80,227 27,154 26,186 BOOI!hl)' 121,129 112,077 11,508 10,708 11,069 10,090 14,810 12,686 16,160 14,226 13,096 12,876 11,646 10,654 11,960 10,944 11,323 10,961 10,660 10,0~5 9,998 8,11411 Bowrab 186,072 122,198 10,890 11,766 8,1199 8,028 19,627 16,047 20,670 19,146 15,012 13,801 12,1111 11,698 12,686 11,727 12,625 11,872 11,863 10,723 10,399 10,490 24·1'arjlaD~I 804,760 267,840 80,246 27,1181 26,H4 23,464 61,879 89,834 46,236 89,182 80,300 27,478 25,649 22,691 23,736 21,440 25,625 23,480 24,703 22,760 21,433 111,050 Calcutta 288,668 198,701 111,713 16,463 14,473 10,121 27,7011 24,6511 29,602 23,243 23,824 18,064 20,249 16,888 22,358 18,777 25,767 22,411 22,523 19,339 27,350 24,846 :Nadia 121,660 116,1198 11,408 10,848 11,844 10,638 19,706 19,134 15,861 14,917 12,860 11,891 12,619 12,212 10,113 9,721 9,615 11,417 9,493 9,664 8,641 8,166 Jrlurabldab~ 204,948 198,791 16,862 14,569 17,418 16,920 83,131 81,942 28,826 28,090 24,930 23,687 23,626 23,165 17,699 16,175 14,704 13,842 14,346 14,220 13,406 12,181 Maida 74,844 86,698 6,461 4,706 8,869 2,949 6,891 5,426 13,334 12,017 10,468 9,068 10,117 9,139 6,091 6,112 6,661 6,620 6,648 6,016 6,814 6,641 Woot Dloajpur : 78,777 86,888 6,990 6,872 6,887 4,966 6,642 6,916 11,666 8,918 8,578 7,727 8,716 7,661 7,771 6,991 6,986 6,897 6,906 6,468 7,246 6,472 ~alpal110rl • 111,291 104,298 10,422 10,017 10,211 9,691 13,938 12,871 14,147 13,168 12,516 11,692 12,243 11,177 9,776 8,964 9,381 8,786 9,171 9,030 9,492 8,1102 Darjoello~ 60,1182 47,118 6,676 6,141 6,476 4,797 6,870 6,388 6,018 6,615 6,672 6,266 5,626 4,411 4,416 4,116 4,469 4,298 4,215 4,051 4,601 4,141 Voocb Be ar Not available Tor.u. • :1,240,7851,058,114 201,178 183,047 182,818 165,578 882,182 :192,084 800,42e 276,1146 233,312 :115,288 216,881 198,356 201,062 186,103 198,401 186,877 190,116 182,443 185,U6 171,897 too ~ TABLE 7 DEATH RATES (NUMBER OF DEATHS PER 1,000 OF THE SAME SEX) A-Calculated on the population as the census of 1941 11141·60 1941 1942 liiU 11144 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 """\ Dlat.rlot Male I'emile Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female llale ,Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female I 2 I 4· 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17· 18 19 :10 21 :12 :18 .lveraae Burdwaq . . 19·8 20•2 18·:1 111·6 17·9 18·4 24·11 25·4 :15-1 :16•5 18·7 19·11 18•6 18·11 18·5 19·:1 17·6 19·4 16·6 18·0 15·8 16·4 Blrbbum . . 27•6 27•8 23•0 21•2 22•1 :11•11 89·8 87•9 88"6 40•0 28.2 29·0 80·1 80•5 26•0 25•4 22•0 21•9 23·8 28•7 22•6 22•0 Baokura . 21-8 20·6 21·4 :10·6 19·8 19·5 32·0 80·2 24·4 24·6 20·8 19·4 19·0 17·1 20·7 20·5 19·3 18·8 18·1 17·8 17·8 16·0 Mldoa~ur 20·4 20·8 17·1 16·11 15·8 15·11 41·2 36·11 26·0 24·6 17·8 18·8 16·7 16·7 17·8 18·4 18·2 19·0 18·2 19•6 16·6 16·8 BooRb y 16•6 17·6 16·6 16·8 16·0 15·8 20·1 111·9 20·6 22·8 17·7 20·1 16·8 18·5 16·2 17·1 15·8 17·2 16·8 15·8 18·5 14·0 Bowrab 16·2 18·6 13·1 14·9 10·8 12·2 28·6 22·11 24·8 29·1 18·1 21·0 16·5 17·7 15·1 17·8 15·2 18·1 18·6 16·8 12·6 16·0 :14·1'~aoa.i . 16·1 16·1 16·0 18·9 18·1 . 14·2 26·6 24·1 22·6 23·7 15·1 16·6 12·7 13·7 11·8 12·9 12·7 14·2 12•8 18·7 10·6 11·11 (Jalout , . 16·1 211·6 18·8 26•1 10·0 15·4 19·1 87·4 20·4 86·4 16·4 27•6. 14·0 24•2 15·4 28·6 17·8 84·1 16·11 29·11 18·8 87·8 Nadia 28·2 28·4 28·6 26·3 26·8 26·8 66·8 46·11 86·7 36·6 211·8 29·1 29·2 211·11 23·6 23·8 22·3 23·1 22·0 28·8 20·0 20·0 llunbldabad 24·9 211-7 20•6 17·8 21·1 111·11 40·2 311•1 86·0 84·4 80·2 211·0 28·7 28·6 21·6 111·8 17·8 17·0 17·4 11·4 16·3 14·11 llalda 17·6 16·7 12·8 16•7 7·9 6·11 18·8 12·7 81·8 28·2 24·6 21·8 28·8 21·5 14·8 12•0 16•6 18·0 15·6 14·1 16·0 18·6 Weat Dloajpur . 24·1 28·9 111·6 111•8 17-6 17•11 21·4 21·8 81·6 8!1-1 28·1 27·8 28·6 27·6 26·4 25·1 22·11 21·2 22·8 28·8 28·7 28·8 lalpal11url • 24·1 27•1 22·8 26-Q 22·1 26·2 80·2 83·4 80·7 . 84·2 27·2 so·• 26·8 29·0 21•2 23·8 20·4 22·8 19·11 23·4 20•6 23·1 Darjeello~ • 26·5 26·7 27·11 29·1 27·4 27·2 29·4 80·11 80·1 81-11 28·4 29·8 23·1 26·0 22·1 23·3 22·4 24·8 21-1 23·0 23-Q 28·5 • (Jooob Be ar · Not avaUable TOI'.U. . lt•l 11·1 17•1 18·1 111·9 17·1 28·1 10·1 2H lll-6 llO·I llll·l 11·1 ll0•4 17•6 19•1 17•8 111•1 10·1 18·8 lG-1 17•7 TABLE 8 ': DIATII RATES (NUMBER OF DEATIIS PER 1,000 OF TilE SAME SEX) 1941·1950 Iff B-calculated on the eatlmated population on the 30th June of each Jear computed on the assumptlou that the population chanaecS at a uniform rate from one census to the nut I HI... IHI llltl IHI 1846 Uti 1841 1867 lll'i u.a 1860 l)lellld ...... r-.~e ... l'tiiiAlt llalt l'tlll< Malt l'tlll< .Malt l'tiUle Male l'tlll&le Malt l'taalt llalt l'taalt llalt I'.-It ..... ,.•. J I • • I • 7 • • 10 u 13 18 16 11 11 17 II It IO 11 •• II ...... II•PII•.. . . 11·0 lt·t 111-1 11·6 17·7 18·1 24·4 U·8 14·8 28·1 18·8 10·7 18·· 18·8 18·1 18·8 17·1 18·0 111-1 17 .. u·• 18·0 l Tot.t.L Ill·· .... IN 18·1 16-7 18·1 28·11 28·1 28·1 18•8 Jo·• 22·8 18·9 20·· 17-6 111-1 17·1 111·1 10·· 11·0 10·0 n·• w ~ Nou.-Tbe biih rates for females in Calcutta in this table and elsewhere are due to the male population of Calcutta beins 1reatly overweighted by youn1 adults. TABLE 9 ANNUAL .DEATH RAT~S BY SEX AND AGE GROUPS 1941·1950 DEATHS REPORTED PER 1,000 OF THE SAME SEX AND AGE LIVING AT THE CENSUS OF 1941 (Note-Rates for the age group "under 1 year" are <:alculated on the number of birth• recorded that year) ...... , ..u. decade 111tl 111411 11148 11146 194& 1940 111n 11148 111411 11160 .. , ·-·et(11111•1111) llalt . J'elll< llalt J'emale Malt Female Male Female Male Female Kale Fellltlt Kale Female Male J'emale Male F-It Male J'ea.Jt ., ... ,._ .. I I • I II 8 7 8 II 10 11 1ll 13 u 111 18 17 18 111 20 21 22 u AU.t.att 111·11 !1•8 17·11 18·11 15·11 17·1 28·11 80·1 211-1 28·11 20·8 22·1 18·8 20·t 17·i 111·2 17·8 111·2 18·6 18·8 16·1 17·7 1)-1 • J 7li·J 166·0 18~·1 121·11 1:10·11 117-11 273·8 289·7 288·6 266·0 1M4·S 170.6 14~·11 U6·11 UO·I 1811·0 l4:l·6 1110-4 1»4-1 Jll6•1 Jn·ll 1111-f ._. ltJ-6 110·8 1flo8 17·8 16-G 111·0 1!7-2 28·1 26·0 27·1 J9·6 21·2 17·11 19·2 18·11 11!-7 Jll·ll :W·ll 17·6 111·1 1•·11 .111·4 -10 ll·O 10ol 8·1 11·6 7·8 8·6 1ll-7 16·0. 12·8 .... ,- 11·8 11·8 8·1 10·8 7·11 8·8 7·11 11'11 6·11 1!·0 6·8 7•1 11)-U 11-t~ 11·7 8•4 8·1 6·7 H> 10·4 11·7 11·0 9·4 7·6 11·3 8·11 8·7 11·11 6·8 6·8 6·8 6·1 6·8 6·1 6·4 1-~0 Jl·8 7·11 10·! 8·11 11·2 12·4 16·1 Jl·t 15·8 8·11 12·11 8·2 11-1 7•6 l(J-1 7·8 10·6 6·8 10·8 0·11 IU·O 11)-11) JOol••• H·l II· I U·8 8·S 11·6 16·1 20·11 • I~ :HI 111-i 111-8 15-11 II· II 13·8 11·2 1HI IHI 1t·8 IJ·I U·6 11·2 1U·I • ..._.0 U·l U·1 U·l U·ll 11·0 12·4 l!O·O 21·11 .... 21·1 14·1 16·6 13·2 16·1 10·11 10·8 11·6 H·O 10·11 13·1 JO-G J%-1 &U-l>o) 2tl·7 111·11 111·8 17•8 10·11 1~·8 80·7 27·7 2<1-ll 28·8 22·0 20·11 20.8 111·1! 10·8 11!·7 111·8 17·11 17·1 17·0 17·1 17·1 6\1-410 . 14·8 11·1 211-11 28·i 20·11 111·1 67·1 46·11 f5·6 36·6 35·6 83·· 32·6 82·1 82·8 81·6 82·6 8<1·0 81·8 11·1 11·7 I Year Weat Burdwan Blrbhnm Banknra Mldnapur Hoogbly Howrah 24· Calcutta Nadia More hi· Maida Weet J'alpal· Dar· Cooeb Bengal Parganat ria bad Dloajput gurl Jeellog lie bar Anras• ror 1041·60 1118·8 t84·4 992·0 940·0 1148•7 82&·8 964-7 877·2 829·8 868·6 1145·6 876•6 899·8 937·11 925·8 11141 808·8 liON 923·6 1188·6 944·0 1130·5 896·8 925-1 835ol 907-1 864·0 861·6 896·8 961-1 1122·0 1141 808·2 920·4 1173·4 961·9 966·2 911·6 892-1 886·9 699·8 928·9 914·8 877·11 921•8 949-1 876·0 UIU 879·& 910·8 964·8 928·8 854·9 856·6 766·8 775·3 886·8 1171·0 116H 1121·1 904·· 1123·8 1117·11 lD" 821·8 941!-6 1,036·2 982·0 1141·8 988·8 926·8 866·2 785·2 941·1 974-6 901-ll 1128·6 930·8 917·11 Not lUll 922·7 950·4 1,028·1 918·8 979·5 . 983·1 919·8 906·9 757·8 924-7 1150·1 966·8 900·8 984-11 928·4 avail• able to•e 016·9 911·6 1,012·11 880·2 957·6 906·8 898·8 . 884·7 784·6 967-7 980·5 908·8 879-1 912·9 9li3·9 lOU 925·6 927-ll 976·4 966·8 989·5 9111-1 981-7 1108·8 839·8 961·2 918·9 839·8 899·6 1116·9 981·8 &o•• • 1141·~ 1186·8 954·8 . 1,000•8 968·0 '"0.4 916-ll 869-8 1179•4 1141·4 8118•7 BUrl 1186·9 960·8 111"' 1169·8 976•6 1,016·7 965·9 1,017·0 965·0 944·2 920·9 868·6 1,017•0 991·2 904·9 878·8 984•8 961•1 11160 • 9U·II 926·0 1172·0 1164-6 895•1 1,008•8 888·8 90IH 945·0 908•6 827-11 898·2 1187·8 1100·0 TABLE 11 NUMBER OF DEATHS ANNUALLY REPORTED FOR EACH SEX BY AGE GROUPS 1941-1950 A-Males Male deatha per 1,000 Aa• 1941 1942 1943 111U 1946 194'11 1949 1950 1941•60 female deaths, average 1941·60 1 8 ' 6 6 7 8 " 10 :n 18 1 Allaae• • 201,178 182,818 882,182 800,429 288,276 1116,881 201,062 198,401 190,116 186,.. 8 1124,078 1,089 1 o-11 68,480 62,999 96,666 87,884 67,818 62,878 116,6118 117,178 116,789 114,080 0.,869 1,101 D-1 87,900 84,848 62,588 66,600 48,949 40,754 88,.886 88,675 88,976 80,412 40,748 1,183 Under l month 20,754 18,809 84,271 80,1194 24,066 22,817 16,797 18,144 18,468 14,964 111,967 1,281 1 toe montba • 12,007 10,881 19,826 17,981 18,928 12,1109 11,184 10,490. 10,781 10,188 18,002 1,1111 I to 111 montbl 6,189 4,668 8,486 7,676 11,960 6,628 11,464 4,941 4,7811 11,820 11,789 1,041 l to a :reara 20,680 18,6511 88,981 80,78' 28,864 112,10~ 21,248- 118,808 11,818 28,618 '24,1111 981 8 6-10 18,860 111,561 22,887 20,700 16,078 U,IIOO 12,6" 111,669 11,~41 11,288 14,897 1,081 '10-16 • 8,460 7,667 18,962 12,618 . 11,791 9,102 7,888 7,6911 7,UO 6,874 11,117 1,11811 1116-110 • .. 7,846 7,119 111,966 11,717 9,098 8,480 7,716 7,656 6,846 7,180 8,640 . 808 e eo-so 19,071 17,288 81,491 28,481 22,1111 20,496 19,061 18,607 17,1162 17,192 111,1011 771 '80...40 11,606 19,490 86,510 82,116 24,986 118,186 111,164 20,406 19,146 17,710 118,6111 1,186 • 40...60 • 11,1166 19,170 86,111 81,766 24,0~ ~,888 22,2211 111,248 19,791 19,780 118,796 1,478 ., . J:' IID-80 ., 19,818, J,'Mii& l2,721). ~Gilt,, 1111,87.8 21,~9~·. 10,617. ~. . 20,140 ~ ~9,188 ~11,88, •. 112,448 1,8111 10 eo &above 80,880 17,986 110,990 46,116 • 88,1108 ·84,2811 82,912 38,119 81,686 lj6,~~ . ' 811,889 1,0611 TABLEll NUMBER OJ' DEAmS ANNUALLY REPORTED FOR EACH SEX BY AGE GROUPS 1941·1950 B-Femalea romalo4•UII r1,000male 1N1 1NI 1HI 1NI 11167 111411 111110 1N1-IO r... ,..... _.... 1Mlo60 l I I • I • ' • 0 10 u 11 .ll I jD ... o o o 181,067 . 1811,1171 1112,081 178,11" 211,288 1118,1118 188,108 188,877 181,UI 171,1117 106,811 Ill lt-6 • 112,8111 67,817 N,8118 711,1182 82,17& &7,288 110,1178 62,780 11,7111 U,ll20 101 11,7'0 28,710 110,1167 ,8,022 87,881 a.,a11• 28,6811 IB,tll 111,488 111,888 ... Vllder I .,.,til • 18,184 u,11a11 ..,,811 111,085 17,11tl 11,128 U,007 U,7114 11,786 17,116 710 1 ... _ .... 10,708 18,1118 12,1188 11,11114 10,077 I,UO 11,888 8,841 11,801 1111 8to11-tM • • &,861 4,810 7,7U 7,8U 11,708 11,2511 1,8114 4,1188 ,,8118 11,122 1,681 lltl Uolr- • 11,121 111,107 18,7011 81,860. 2,,8U 22,8811 22,,011 24,8811 22,828 28,222 14,6116 1,020 1&-10 • • • 18,400 12,120 21,880 20,271 111,760 U,IIU 12,,88 12,6311 11,3118 10,804 170 \ • 10-11 • 8,11&1 11,1128 10,457 8,8111 7,108 8,1111 8,208 &,1180 11,7118 7,184 IU-10 • • • • • • 8,1188 111,160 U,878 11,178 10,2illl 1,876 1,878 10.,011 1,828 10,770 1,2'8 • 10-10 • • • • • • 22,208 111,168 17,188 18,870 28,810 24,811 14,8811 14,268 11,001 17,86t 1,111t '10-40 • • • • • • 18,1188 1&,822 111,678 18,188 11,871 20,145 18,764 18.8'8 17,884 lll,lllt 10,711 ttl • • • • • U,2&0 12,888 !2,7118 11,574 1&,771 16,181 U,661 11,161 U,l87 11,167 171 • 10-.o • • • • • U,ISI 12,11&11 !2,870 11,11811 1&,867 16,1125 16,741 16,4114 16,181 18,111 740 ...... • • • • • 111,!27 ,8,2811 •s.aes ".101 81,t18 12,1180 11,6111 11,1111 lt,820 11,181 ~3 TABLE 13 FEMALE DEATHS PER 1,000 MALE DEATHS ANNUALLY BY RELIGIONS 1941-1950 Annual average Hindu Muslim Christian Aborigin&la Jain a 1941-60 922·5 896·9 851•6 1941 924:3 934·6 892·9 1942 917·8 897'1 823•4 1943 876·1 799·8 813•1 1944 926•6 896•2 .850·3 1945 928•4 924•0 871•9 Not available 1946 912•0 931·2 928·8 1947 929•8 906·8 898•1 1948 942•7 910•2 856•9. 1949 959•3 970•4 835·3 1950 936·3 869•2 911•9 TABLE 14 MONTHLY AVERAGE NUMBER OF FEMALE DEATHS PER 1,000 MALE .DEATHS, ALL RELIGIONS, HINDU AND MUSLIM 1941·1950 Average of each month (1941-50) AU religions Hindu Muslim January .. 918•0 933·0 910·4: February 892•4: 908•3 900'7 March • 877•6 906-G 856·0 April 888•7 898·1 84:8·3 May . 886·6 906•6 857'1 June 875•4: ~ 894•6 84:1•5 July 887-4: 896·2 876•2 August 896·1 904:·9 869·3 September . 901-1 904·7 889"2 Octot- 934·2 94:1·3 924·8 Nonmt- 970'1 970'4 979-9· December . 967-6 1164:·1 92001 TABLE 15.1 ANNUAL DEATHS FROM "CHOLERA'' BY SEX 19-U..SO 11141 11142 11143 11146 lllale l'eaaala J'emale l'emale Kale l'eaaala Kale l'emale 1,856 I,Ollt 1,178 7,436 6,870 6,SS7 2S,~tll! 211,368 10,!07 11.11~1 4,635 7417 810 484 1,7!10 424 11411 1151 2,607 2,71!1 7SII 847 167 11101 4~'3 4211 1127 681 21111 2511 1,11113 2,053 41111 65i 811 4t0 4611 822 452 411 au 441 2,23S 2,426 Sill 344 611 2tl~ 1,071 1,1211 630 668 784 85i 6,201 6,464 1,110 1,Ull 874 3111 2611 2~1 2~1 271 1143 328 1114 1,014 401 8114 21"8 llllll 1,0811 1,0111 1,021 871 777 IIIli 2,264 2,37ll 1,4S8 1,618 1 Q•>1 1,101 1,2811 1,18& 2,8U 2,760 115S 860 11,617 6,118 8,6113 3,460 ·;;,~ 1,070 7311 l,Oll 726 717 330 15S 1,143 885 1,000 687 1,2~6 6~7 458 4116 ~ till us 224 1,00S 1,0116 211 248 617 1~6 Uti 664 670 661 663 6211 2,4116 2,802 813 360 Ill 1!0 11111 21& Ill! 71 6l! 48 416 476 147 806 116 118 1611 1U 8fj u 211 46 63l! 460 1011 Ill 28 u 1311 1211 lOS 87 . 7Z 63 866 830 u OS 26 u 11 11 27 22 78 46 24 17 10 18 11148 11148 111411 11160 Kale l'emale Male l'emale ,.,.Male----·--- l'emale .Male Female Male Wee& llelllal 6,81111 t,878 &,270 6,2211 8,1176 11,816 8,792 7,074 8,751 8,492 Jlardwaa • 2311 210 381 436 651 710 640 1110 873 11211 BlrbbUID • 70 16 840 842 16S 151 73 72 123 IU Banltura • 1211 226 307 150 166 132 1i>l 204 216 llldnapar. 11111"' 2511 618 662 686 652 1101 9118 1>47 2o7 Hoot~hl1. 278 290 829 877 431 438 244 268 243 771 Howrab • 11611 61111 967 1,078 1,050 1,022 635 76S 8o4 1,!128 U·P•I'I!• 882 1117 928 977 1,6112 1,640 2,661 2,563 1,854 2,U7 Cal~ott.a • 4118 us 1176 1>60 1,464 1,014 761 721 1,11511 71111 :Nadia • 626 677 240 276 383 466 362 412 726 2~3 Manhl4abad 1100 0.8 166 150 261 846 21i> 2or. 238 2114 Maida • • 636 642 26 l!7 170 152 15E 150 277 403 Wea& DlnaJpar ( 177 176 ur. 110 29 24 70 63 404 117 lalf'all!art • 22 11 24 27 36 85 34 46 lOll 21 DarleeiiDI • 16 II 18 8 10 II 4 14 C TABLE 15.2 ANNUAL DEATHS FROM "FEVER" BY SEX 1941-50 Fever includes Malaria, Kala-azar, Blackwater fever, Measles, Relapsing fever, Cerebrospinal fever, Influenza, Enteric group of fevers, Typhus, and ' Other fevers ', tor some of which figures are given separately elsewhere but are included in the totals of this table. 11141 11142 11143 1944 11146 Kale l'emale .Male Male Female .Male Female .&!ale J'emala Male l'ema.. Wut Denial 120,1411 111,881 911,810 115,807 119,187 811,655 172,652 156,888 175,2111 168,430 124,8211 121,664 • llardw... 11,822 11,341 10,700 10,609 10,0116 10,087 15,:l73 l4,621i 17,108 16,8511 11,0711 Jl,417 Blrbbum • 11,oog 11,402 7,~111 7,673 8,040 8,183 1i>,1118 14,933 16,963 17,961 11,862 12,606 Baall:ura • 8,278 8,886 7,11711 8,068 7,234 7,701 12,450 11,808 10,322 10,711 7,677 7,68ll Mldaapar. 18,277 18,452 1S,732 16,660 13,449 13,608 82,8111 28,740 25,723 ll5,866 16,761 17,1!43 H0011hl1. 4,702 4,794 t,489 4,679 4,478 4,448 6,1116 6,762 11,692 6,630 .,1110 6,817 RoWJ'ab • 8,9011 8,0i>7 2,000 1,1140 1,8119 1,607 5,204 S,822 6,496 6,177 3,676 8,454 14-P.,.aaae 11,898 11,968 11,901 11,623 11,352 10,599 22,4011 17,083 22,106 111,290 13,474 12,683 l•l~at.&a 8,086 2,28g 1,871 1,290 1,1147 1,2111 8,614 2,660 4,461 2,11112 3,648 2,261 l'ladla • 8,1108 8,468 8,431 8,012 8,028 7,796 13,808 13,662 12,767 1~.3!!6 9,701 11,27~ II arshl4abad 16,081 14,495 11,802 10,001 12,186 11,230 2~,681 24,781 24,278 24,116 18,152 17,5116 llalda • • &,1137 6,147 4,426 3,820 2,709 1,763 4,761 4,364 11,6411 10,361 8,643 7,477 W•& DlaaJpar. 6,4111 4,0118 4,483 8,1181 3,227 8,478 4,4111 8,930 6,098 6,604 6,138 4,851 I alpaiJUrt • . 6,461 6,1191 11,781 11,497 6,689 1>,4111 7,582 6,2116 8,162 7,719 6,1197 6,6113 Dar)eellntl 1,8111 1,608 8,218 2,86g 8,015 2,6111 8,171 2,872 8,6711 8,11111 8,486 8,071 OoocbJkbar 1g4e 11147 11148 111411 11160 Kale l'emale .Male Female Hale l'emala Kale J'emala .Mal• 111,8511 1011,876 103,137 101,8711 96,77t 118,1311 112,091 114,01111 84,888 81,722 10,044 11,871 11,018 10,112g 11,983 10,644 11,877 1o,oa8 8,.. 7 8,430 'U,4>16 18.0:!7 10,581 10,807 8,817 11,038 11,611 10,096 II 1130 ..IIIIi 7,030 6,7113 8,250 8,4118 7,730 8,143 7,223 7,706 6:8118 0,911 u,us 16,1164 18,574 17,632 16,674 17,786 15,712 17,318 14,111ll 14,742 6,121 6,846 4,608 4,5711 •• 148 4,470 8,11011 4,171 8,470 ,8,637 • 1,428 1,12& 1,151 8,167 8,258 8,2117 8,106 1,106 2,07:11 1, .... 1 U,366 11,2011 10,708 11,887 10,11112 10,408 11,686 11,2116 8,4118 7,7112 1.141 2.~8 8,021 2,67S 1,324 2,1133 2,7111 1,220 2, 72!> 2,8811 8,SCI8 !1,340 7,141 7,0M 6,188 6,184 6,393 8,1141 r.,26ll 6,1118 18.014 U,!l78 11,101 12,108 10,610 10,261 10,426 10,6711 11,111 8,414 7,11u 8,1!58 4,11"3 4,166 4,1161 4.0~8 4,881 •• 41111 4,83ll •• 1111 I,Ut 4,6711 4,1i00 4,063 4,11111 8,631 1,736 1,618 8,1168 1,64111 .,211 4,01111 8,738 8,4118 11,144 1,326 1,0<16 1,641! l,%7t 1,671'·"41 1,101 1,401 2,46ll 2.27ll 2,014 1,ii64 1,186 2,211 ·~· TABLE 15.3 ANNUAL DEATHS FROM "SMALL-POX" BY SEX 1941·50 Average for ,.__...__.1941·60 ,__...__...... 1941 11142 1943 1914 :Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female lllale Female Male Female . 9,664 W~ot Bengal 4,252 4,267 4,87£; 4,411 513 510 1,187 1,074 11,584 11,1108 12,066 Burdwan , 273 303 354 350 122 124 16 16 132 1811 852 1171 llirbbum • 104 103 56 72 82 71 27 34 122 128 • 3911 420 48 5 7 8 69 60 1,104 lS"okura • 151 139 43 .. 40 l,~g~ ~ Midnapu. 162 156 95 69 4 2 61 880 Ull 653 Roogbly 267 285 248 245 13 18 22 26 458 5011 1,187 1,267 Howrab 714 735 541 504 113 103 12' 124 2,602 !,6110 !,076 2,134 U-Parganaa 567 668 862 871 115 1111 U4 152 1,867 1,397 2,188 2,051 Calcutta 1,561 1,635 2,486 2,059 61 40 710 602 8,751 . 3,675 2,116 2,064 Nadia • 108 114 80 66 2 3 40 39 276 270 188 162 Murohldab&d 192 194 67 71 5 15 13 13 108 117 1,035 1,061 Maida 67 57 u 48 7 7 3 1 54 50 216 234 West Dlnajpur • 69 72 ., 8 2 3 13 12 236 25! 67 76 Jalpalflurl 15 8 2 15 16 66 34 43 13 Darjeeling 13 7 2 '8 6 1 16 10 84 111 Cooch Behar 11148 19411 1946 ,--·..A----. 11150 :Male Female :Male Female :Male Female Male Female :Male Female West Bengal 2,450 2,621 1,536 1,590 8,961 3,948' 634 610 6,918 8,277 Burdwan • 656 769 129 130 143 183 40 87 286 316 Blrbbum • 213 186 28 23 46 42 4 63 61 Bankura • 105 83 11 11 63 77 6 8 106 96 Midnapur, 20 17 82 31 132 106 46 40 811 817 Hoogbly • 117 96 n 28 125 140 81' 23 476 602 Howrab 220 231 110 83 624 498 86 70 8511 922 24-Parganaa 168 178 36 40 324 284 103 93 no 3117 Calcutta 59 65 931 1,on 2,438 2,457 287 291 1!,766 8,060 Nadia • 213 222 33 31 48 57 17 33 243 260 Mursbldabad U1 429 24 31 28 29 10 11 202 18, Maida • • 52 65 17 7 74 63 2 8 101 91 We•t Dlnajpur • 175 177 122 123 15 17 f:O DO Jalpalgurl 4 2 8 2 4 8 8 Darjeeling 8 1 19 9 2 3 '6 38 24 Coocb Behar TABLE 15.4 ANNUAL DEATHS FROM "DYSENTERY, DIARRHmA AND ENTERIC GROUP OF FEVERS" BY SEX 1941-50 Average for 1941-60 1941 1942 11143 1914 11146 ~ ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Weot Bengal :4,765 13,956 13,2711 12,042 12,30& 10,929 20,840 20,727 18,933 17,107 12,668 Burdwan • 1,098 970 11,791> 1176 888 1,203 900 1,262 1,123 1,067 962 830 721 Birbbum • 293 255 467 440 507 447 665 496 375 320 172 liankura • 683 1,068 983 789 131 714 78& 1,163 948 905 924 6U 531 Midn•pur. 2,113 2,8711 '2,056 1,821 1,768 1,649 1,582 &,341 3,253 2,889 1,580 HooahiJ 1,234 1,315 1,626 1,438 1,458 1,807 1,331 2,093 1,773 1,752 1,816 1,300 1,36& Howrab 2,111 2,075 1,686 1,68& 1,683 1,643 3,378 2,676 8,270 3,278 2,088 2 4-- Parp:a.na.a 2,2011 1,987 2,0tl0 1,859 1,932 1,699 2,122 4,&78 . 3,581 3,146 2,704 1,725 1,671 Calcut~ 2,898 2,687 2,196 1,781 1,955 1,891 3,930 3,807 3,312 2,696 ll,401 Nadia • 803 260 16& 128 239 146 260 2,008- 215 321 217 254 230 .M.u,.hldab&d 878 840 219 185 834 320 345 2811 261 246 411 Maida • • 128 115 66 48 &3 41 7& 374 64 126 110 18S tli Weot Dlnajpur • 174 137 91 73 115 98 143 107 136 86 123 J&lpal!!url 692 610 349 286 213 167 420 104 383 616 478 663 630 Darj..,llng 433 858 460 398 432 317 661 424 496 Cood1 lkhar 401 4117 .07 t9n 19llt" 11149 11160 Male Female Male Female Male .l!'emalo . Malo. .l!'emale Malo -J!'emaJe" Weot Bengal 13,838 12,318 18,699 18,161 14,399 U,OlO 14,071 13,427 1\urdwan • 716 14,.624 14,011 611 820 745 912 895 93S 866 1,0411 1\lrbhum • 128 142 220 166 164 150 147 955 Bankura • 459 111 187 143 421 528 606 577 eo& &46 613 566 !ll.ldBApur 0 1,587 1,453 2,269 2,215 2,460 !,398 2,497 513 RIX>!lhiJ 1,222 !,622 !,074 1,874 1,812 1,510 1,501 1,404 1,57& 1,406 1,386 1,142 Howrab 1,1189 2,016 2,154 2,234 1,899 1,984 1,166 2•-Parganaa 1,566 1,575 1,443 1,537 1,673 1,590 1,527 1,411 1,768 1,6'7 1,840 1,576 Caleuu.a 2,747 2,H1 2,806 2,679 1,850 1,781 8,174 2,964 2,11711 2,94.8 8,681 Nadia • 834 270 242 248 878 85!1 3,631 lol.UJ"ohldabad 407 343 433 61'17 637 317 278 • 899 873 3211 267 0 616 IJ!...Wa • 8•2 288 87 62 117 77 ~:: w ... , Dlnajpor • 128 80 126 fJ7 154 107 231t 222 U7 83 237 1811 J&lpai~url 1,003 657 598 618 352 104 617 679 715 679 920 Darj ANNUAL DEATHS FROM "PLAGUE" BY SEX 1941-50 lHl ltd ltd lHt lHI llale ..... Kale J'emale J'emale Kale J'emale .• I 1 I ...... Bard•aa. Blrbbe• • ' Baallara • JUdupq. HCJOibiF • Howrall. lt·PW1- Caleaua • 'i lbdle • Munbldabe4 Maida • • W•& DlaaJpu • lalpallf'lrl OarjeeiiDI """'"- lkbar lHI 11"7 11148 111411 11150 Kale l'ebl&le Jfale l'~male Jfale J'emale Ifale Female Male J' ..nale W.,..Beqal I 1 u 46 u $ Jlurdwaa • • 1 Blrbha• • ' 1\aallura JII4DAJ>Ur • 1 H._hl)" . 1 Howrah 2 U·P...... ,... • ralruUa 'i 1 is I 40 io :1 !'ladle • Monhl4ab.4 Maida 1 W.,.. Dlnajpal' • lalpehrurl Jlar).-.11.,. (looc-b Bebar TABLE 15.6 ANNUAL DEATHS FROM "RESPIRATORY DISEASES OTHER THAN T. B. OF LUNGS" BY SEX 1941-50 A.Yenl(!efor 1141•60 111n 11141 11143 11144 1114& ~ Kale J'emale Kale l'emale Kale J'emale Jfale J'emale Jfale l'emale Mala J'emale W•&Jieqal 111,1111 12,623 21,003 13,842 18,8111 U,t811 21,614 13,8211 22,394 U,ll58 20,662 13,837 Jlardwaa. 1,423 813 2,025 1,218 1,618 847 1,443 807 1,468 1140 1,316 707 Blrbbam • 8117 248 721 483 6811 409 64D 863 400 260 864 218 Baell- • 1163 654 1,181 705 1,000 608 1,027 1141 1,028 11511 1,044 666 !,6311 1,441 1,0411 1,1178 2,413 1,888 2,732 1,61111 1,807 1,1107 2,783 1,41111 :::-J;r: 1,748 1,028 1,11611 1,1711 1,87t 1,084 2,062 1,218 2,2611 1,374 1,1142 1,11!11 Howrab 1,808 1,1113 1,872 1,2110 1,428. 1182 2,148 1,203 2,401 1,626 1,8611 1,100 U·PU"IfUU 1,1611 1,4311 2,788 1,60& 2,471 4,327 2,830 1,38& 2,828 1,&30 2,817 1,271 Calea~ . 1,706 2,678 8,658 2,3115 2,717 1,777 4,037 2,7H 4,870 2,1133 8,11411 2,41!11 Jii..Ue 874 213 8311 2611 488 215 4611 8111 864 2111 478 326 ManbldaW 148 271 21& 120 8111 236 436 8411 462 881 4411 71!8 )I aida 1110 liS 112 116 161 134 265 1116 1114 1511 1311 81 W•• DIDAjpu: 8118 1180 1147 li61 7811 1171 8311 1158 801 1171 841 71!8 lalpalaurl • 1,200 1.11~8 1,131 1,&20 1,111 1,413 !,41111 1,7311 11,1138 11,011 2,5:17 1,1176 1Mrjaalla1.r 188 81>8 u1 8114 480 8116 407 406 411 8111 4138 8116 ()Doc- Be lHI 1N7 11148 11148 11160 Kale hmala Kale l'emale Kale l'emale IIale Female )I ale J'cmale __ Boo .... 11,8111 12,06!1 18,242 11.851 17,235 11,211 ll,4flli 10,498 16,6HI 10,148 ltoord .... 1,144 750 1,4:t7 844 1,2041 1148 1,1114 •~o l,2811 883 1\lrbhaa • 157 2U 274 131 273 15& 241 147 ¥111 116 1\ank•ra • 178 4118 88a 808 881 471 781 4117 11418 8"3 )114_,..,. 1,7" 1,600 !,606 1,653 1,310 1,3116 !,12.1 1,227 1,1146 1,031 H-hiJ . 1,711 1171 l,8.a 1137 1.428 1178 1,354 7"8 1,227 720 ...... 1,7&1 1,100 1,7114 1,1811 1,1153 1,1311 1,61>0 1,033 1,822 1,108 ... .._. l.l!t 1,038 1.6111 818 1,801> 1107 1,840 830 1,410 878 ,...... "- . 1,11:!4 1,611 a.~l !,8611 1.8~6 1,742 1,377 1,46!1 1,7111 1,711>1 ~ .... Ult 211 ltl 1711 1211 138 till Jill 2411 Hll ...... ~ 4H 23t Ill lSI 2113 116 241 100 271 IS4 llalda 1110 lOll 13$ 64 144 1211 2311 lfl8 233 711 W- DI•JJ>U. 1.1117 8~ 1118 841 INS 1142 143 8711 8>411 1170 ,..,,.....11 1,361 I,! ANNUAL DEATHS FROl\1" SUICIDE" BY SEX.1941·50 AHragc for 1YU·50 1941 1942 .1943 19U u" Male Female Hale Female Male Female Hale Female Hale Female Jf.aJe Female- W ... t Bengal 552 539 i89 531 484 526 M3 M3 560 476 552 liJO l.iurdwan • H n 47 54 39 50 40 31 45 32 53 4ll lHrhhum .. 23 20 21 31 28 33 24 u 29 Ill 18 12 B~ukura • 35 32 88 38 37 39 43 24 86 32 25 40 Midnapur. 46 u 49 42 33 37 61 oil 46 4i 43 43 l!ooghly • 58 67 63 76 55 73 76 79 47 83 60 Bowrd.h. • 69 62 47 54 46 46 122 95 95 i8 74 65 24· Pargansa 136 140 122 162 122 171 165 1511 105 123 101" U5 Calcutta • 43 29 12 7 19 9 8 4 88 25 57 32 ~.t.dia • 24 26 10 6 15 II 13 4 18 u 23 20 Mur,Wdabad 42 43 31 25 40 33 42 45 48 41 57 51 )hlda • 15 a 11 8 9 7 1tl 17 16 12 14 II w•. ,t Dlnajpm 12 10 13 12. 11 6 1() 9 8 e lS 10 Jalpai~url 15 9 10 12 16 8 13 8 11 10 10 6 Darjeding 18 7 15 4 12 5 18 I 19 12 20 a Cooch Behar 1946 1947 1948 111"' 19M• ~ ~ ~ • Male Female Male Female Male Female llale Female .Kale l"emale- We. TABLE 15.8 ANNUAL DEATHS FROM" CHILD BIRTH", 1941-50 Average for 1941·50 1941 1942 1943 11144 11145 w.. t Bengal 3,391 3,735 3,333 2,934 1,876 1,237 Hurdwan • 2~2 350 321 259 200. 246 Birbhum • 157 1115 220 162 112 142. Ban.Ku.r& • liO 239 210 178 117 140 )Udnapm 565 685 557 509 435 534 Hoo..,bly • 228 290 279 230 215 183 Howrab . 137 192 122 148 193 154 u.p,..,.~anaa 379 518 416 832 318 892 Calcutt.& • 191 61 29 26 208 203 Nadia • 128 . 68 45 81 10& 136 :M!ln'hldabad 100 98 liS 116 152 1811 :Maida • • 110 111 107 811 125 117 w•H J>lnajpur • 226 193 189 212 204 236 1 &lJ>&I!'Uri 537 638 554 480 8811 Dari<' 1946 1947 1948 1949 lll:iO w ... t Bengal 3,781 3,081 S,937 4,113 !.865 Burdwq. 812 291 339 866 239 lllrbhum • 157 121 179 187 {13 l\ankura • ~~ 169 159 181 l2i lih.lnapur. 693 536 671 620 607 Hoo,:uly • 21S 203 265 238 H(.HlliT&b • 162 100 117 1..."9 112 66 U·PantQ&& 373 415 439 Cakutta • 239 28i 170 8W 340 100 !'& ANNUAL DEATHS FROM ...MALARIA" BY SEX, 19-U-50 1IU 11141 11143 liiU J'emale female .female ll.ale )'omale J'omak ~1.0~3 U,11:.8 &3,122 w... s-aaJ 50,747 42,547 U,9:•6 87 ,i23 tl0.869 84.0\l!l 8:!,':'91J 6~,UII CU.:\-~.J, B....twao. r..~70 I.II~S 11,4~1 8,71:1 11.1112 6.~~; 10.:11>4 10.1~16 l:!.l'i4 11.1174 e.:·•~ 6,)11) ...... "4 3.,.~6 Bltbb•• • 1,71S 1,1171 3,11t3 1.8711 3.~40 10.a:111 10.040 12.~H 1J.706 t' ... l7 ».:l.~ Banl 11160 ~ J'emale .M.a.le Female .Male Female w..t ~~ TABLE 15.10 ANNUAL DEATHS FROM "KALA-AZAR" BY SEX, 1941-50 Anrage for 111U·60 1941 1942 1943 11144 1946 Kale J'emale Kale Female .Male Female .Male Female Kale Female Kale Female •••tJI 11148 11147 1948 111411 11160 Kale We male I(ale Female Kale Female Male Female Male J'rmale ••, Ji ANNUAL DEATHS FROl\f " TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LUNGS " BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1941-50 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female :Male Female Male Female 4,826 2,621 5,032 2,957 4,378 2,356 4,488 2,342 ,,772 2,546 4,585 2,366 West Bengal 374 112 347 78 Rurdwan • 411 lOS 457 131 430 117 369 107 155 39 235 61 173 46 134 31 134 42 159 38 lllruhuru • 54 266 76 S20 57 H1mkura 301 69 325 77 320 79 238 391 83 364 86 289 71 351 66 406 72 S40 74 .Midnspur. 117 329 108 269 u; Hoo~hly 315 114 377 128 327 138 355 469 238 432 272 381 213 467 198 . 558 261 676 272 Howruh 242 682 278 24-P11ru:anu 593 250 648 292 597 228 573 192 064 1,396 1,267 1,494 1,516 1,199 1,049 1,308 1,164 1,449 1,240 1,350 1,109 Calcutt& 11 Na.ttia. Ill! 16 5:! H 42 16 56 20 62 18 65 119 26 98 35 102 28 84 11 124 19 152 29 Mt~r•hid"b~d 26 23 9 Maida 25 7 15 8 13 s 20 7 8 43 14 39 14 28 17 43 11 47 1S S6 16 West Dlnajpur : 90 120 46 Ja)JI&iJ[Uri 269 148 224 101 2,114 87 228 118 174 Darjoellng 271 243 271 222 263 264 262 246 259 245 246 232 Cooch Behar 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 ~ ..... ~ Male Female Male Female . Male Female Male Female Male Female We•t Bengal 4,792 2,435 4,948 2,689 5,210 2,862 5,144 2,840 4,907 2,814 Uurdwan . 445 110 448 99 458 113 398 105. 385 107 Blrbhum • 171 38 128 29 154 42 150 33 116 33 Baukura 303 53 812 54 297 80 299 78 883 so llldn•pur • 38> 65· 396 64 425 109 472 91 480 127 Hoo~hly 289 90 264 99 301 106 309 132 331 100 HO\nah 4:l0 216 470 243 468 252 473 277 433 175 24-Par~anas 609 264 590 267 615 252 633 239 619 248· Caloutta 1,436 1,173 1,496 1,348 1,494 1,402 1,413 1,276. 1,817 1,388 Nadia 74 17 78 22 82 23 77 15 87 7 Mur•bldabad 124 22 134 33 136 2!1 120 29 122 21 Maida 28 9 21 7 35 6 31 8 40 s West Dlnajpur 53 16 34 16 41 11 65 16 46 1! .J a I pahrurl 209 116 287 160 406 195 408 277 417 292 DarjPt'llng 236 246 290 248 308 243 296 264 281 215 Cooeh Behar TABLE 15.12 ANNUAL DEATHS FROM .. SNAKE BITES " BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1941·60 1941 1942 1943 1944 1941. ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal SiS 771 963 796 863 761 748 631 850 767 820 776 Burdwau • 94 76 136 79 109 83 73 89 85 79 78 72 lllrl>hum • 87 S8 44 30 52 47 37 42 37 43 31 '6 Banknr& 68 59 71 75 64 65 67 66 69 57 46 48 Midnapur: 171 130 151 125 148 112 133 88 166 162 163 131 Hoo~hly 74 66 101 93 55 73 84 71 57 63 73 63 Howrah 84 26 37 18 S5 28 27 18 38 29 34 22 U·Par~anaa 179 138 218 186 220 172 161 119 167- 134 168 116 Calcutta 10 3 4 1 11 8 10 3 Nadia 49 62 51 86 33 45 49 38 54 43 41 66 M ursbldabad u 89 76 89 61 62 69 43 82 80 89 127 Maida 89 40 34 33 31 S8 26 12 42 27 39 38 W ••t Dlnajpur : 32 S9 21 19 29 30 84 39 38 34 28 41 Jalpal~url 19 13 18 9 20 13 15 11 11 10 19 $ ~b~~ar s 3 6 4 2 2 3 5 a 3 1 6 1941l 1947 1943 1949 1950 ~ ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Ji'emale Male I'P.male W•st Bengal 906 882 918 778 965 762 882 794 830 765 Burd,.·an • 86 79 85 73 96 67 94 69 113 70 Blrbbum • 27 so so 18 38 38 41 42 37 41 1-\l\nkura 60 67 62 61 57 56 50 55 56 63 Yidnapur. 158 155 186 115 U1 156 195 136 167 124 Hoo~hly 72 80 e2 6~ 7& 42 71 u 70 e:e Howntb 43 80 42 30 28 29 25 81 27 28 :.? I· Par~anaa 183 162 193 123 168 108 163 13S 161 12£\ C3kutt.a IS s 7 15 Nadia s 2 24 7 10 5 u 48 58 81 45 63 54 5. 5! ~n,..illdab;..s PS lH 71 104 •s Maida 90 94 54 93 ol3 110 48 as 84 45 45 60 47 45 46 v;,.., DlnaJpur : 36 u S9 43 Jalpail:!url 33 411 35 49 110 45 HI 4 21 17 22 17 25 24 10"' 22 Darj~Hn;; 6 J s 2 s ll _j CGoch llt-h&r • l . I 64 40 TABLE 16.1 DEATH RATE FRO~I "CHOLERA" PER 1,000 OF EACH SF.X CALCULATED ON THE POPULA· TION OF 19.U FOR 1941-50 MD FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX,1941-50 ...... ,. ror 1e41-60 liiU ,.------..111U Kale ...... Male Female Kale J'emale Male l'emale ...... lble l"•mala , .., Beapl ·8 1-G ·7 ·8 ·6 ·6 2·& 3·0 1·0 ·4 •4 Bal"iwaa. ·li ·6 ·II 1·1 lHI ll-1 ., ·I lllrbbaa ·• ·•·8 1·1 1·1 •8 •& 8·8 8·11 1·1 ·1 ·1 ·• ·7 ·li ·6 ·7 1\onl 11148 1967 11148 19411 ~ Male J'emale Kale Female ~---Male Female Male li'•male Weo& Belllal ·6 ·6 ·6 ·7 ·6 ·7 •8 •II Burdwaa • ·•·I •2 •6 •7 ·8 •& ·7 •II 1•0 Blrbbum •1 ·1 •7 ·3 •3 •1 •1 ·2 ·:t Baol TABLE 16.2 DEATII RATE FROM "FEVER" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50 ATt~rage ror 11141·60 1941 1942 1948 1944 1114C. Male J'emale Kale Female Male Female Malo Female Male Female Male Female Weo& Btolllal 10·11 11·6 8·7 11·8 8·1 9·2 15·0 16·0 15·3 17·8 10·11 12·6 Burdwaa , 11·1 12·7 10·7 11·8 10·1 11·8 16·4 16·4 17·1 18·11 11•1 12·8 Blrbbam • 21·1 21•8 U•ll 14·6 16·8 1f>·6 29·0 28·6 32·3 84·8 22·8 U·1 liankura 12·7 18·1 12·2 12·6 11·1 12·1 19•1 18·6 1&·8 18•8 11·8 11·!1 lllhloarur. 11·1 11·8 11-4 10·0 8·2 8·7 20·2 18•4 1C.·8 16•8 10•8 11·4 HuoJUIF • 6·6 7•6 6·1 7·8 6·1 7·0 8·4 9·0 8·9 10•4 8·6 8·8 Howrab 4•0 4·7 2·4. 8·0 2·3· 2·4 6·2 6·8 8·6 7•11 4·2 r.·a U·l'orJ&DM 6·8 7·1 6·11 7·0 6·6 6•4 11·1 10•8 11·0 11·7 6·7 7·6 ('ah·uua 2·1 8•6 1'8 2•0 1•8 1"11 2•4 4•1 8"1 4·11 2'4 8"4 !'lodla • 111'11 20•7 19•6 19·6 18'6 19"1 82"0 8s·r. 29"& 80·8 22•f> 22•7 M u,..hldaba4 18·8 17·8 18·7 12·3 14·7 13•8 81·2 80·4 29·4 211·· 22·0 21·8 Maida 18·11 12·1 10·4 IH 6·8 4·2 ll·2 10•4 27·1 24·8 20•8 17-11 "'•-' lllaajpu • U•7 U·7 U•7 14·3 10•6 12•& 14·6 14·1 20·0 20·4 16·8 16·7 Jalpallfurl 11-8 18·0 12·6 14·2 12·1 14·1 16·C. 16•8 17•7 20-D 16•2 16·11 l•arj,...lln• U·1 U·ll 16·1 16·8 • 16·1 U•8 16·9 16·8 18•4 18•1 17·1 17·4 ()uuo:b llebar 11147 11148 1949 llale l'emale Male Female Male Female Male Female Waot Btolllal 11·1 11·0 10·4 8·4 II· II 8·0 11·7 7·4 8·4 Jhardwaa • 1Q-1•·• 11·1 11-G 12·3 10·0 11·11 11·4 11·8 8·f> 11·6 1HrhbUI8 • 23·8 24·1 20·2 20·6 16·8 17·8 18·8 111·8 111-4 Ill· II "•okura 1()ol 10•'7 12·7 18·8 11·11 12·8 11·1 12·1 10·11 11)·8 8·11 10·1 10·2 11·2 10·2 11·4 11·6 11-1 8·8 11·4 ~~~~;':. 6•11 8·8 6·1 7·2 &·6 7·0 5·8 11·6 4·'7 6·6 Uowrob 4·1 4·8 8·8 4-!1 8·11 f>·O 8·7 4·7 2·11 2·11 U·l'anr..,.... 8·1 8·8 f>·l li·ll 6·4 11·8 4·8 5·6 4·7 t.'&tc-au.a 1·1 2·1 4·1 2·3 4·6 1·11 8·4 •••1·11 3·6 )oadia • lt·6 !0-4••• 111·· 17·4 14·8 15·1 14-11 111·8 12·2 I t·7 >eo,.,.hldabal 11H 1~·· U·8 12·11 12·11 12•6 13·0 11-1 1U·3 J~-o 111·8 M.Wa • • ~·· 18·6 11·7 10·0 11·8 0·7 11·5 11·1 II·~ "' .., lllaaJrv • .... 16-i U·7 14·11 18·7 1!·7 12·2 12·6 13·0 1~·8 J •lpatllarl Jt·T n·• 11·7 7·8 ll·! 7·2 8·0 7-11 o,j·· l'tar....-unc • lJof \1·1 12·1••• 12·6 12·1 12·11 1Q-1 IIHI 111-1 10·4 l"-lal:leiiAr • 41 TABLE 16.3 DEATH RATE FROM" SMALL-POX" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPU· LATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1941·60 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female ·5 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·8 1·0 1·2 We•t Bengal ·4 1:a nurdwan ·3 ·8·• ·• ·1 ·1 ·01 ·02 ·1 ·9 1·1 Jllrhhum ·2 ·2 ·••1 ·1·• ·2 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·2 •2 ·8 ·8 Hankura. ·2 ·2 ·1 ·1 •01 ·01 ·004 ·1 ·1 1-7 1·6 Mhlnapur •1 ·1 ·1 ·04 ·002 •001 ·03 ·03 ·2 ·2 ·S ·4 Hun~hly •4 ·4 •S ·4 ·02 ·02 •03 •04 ·6 ·8 1·5 2·0 Hmna.h • •9 1·1 ·6 ·8 ·1 ·2 ·1 ·2 8·0 4·1 2·6 8·2 ·1 ·7 1·1 24· Par~anaa ·3 •3 ·5 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·8 1·2 Calcutta 1·1 2·8 1-7·• 3·1 ·04 ·1 ·5 ·9 2·6 6·6 1·6 8·1 Nn•lia. • ·8 ·8 •1 ·2 ·005 ·01 ·1 •1 ·6 ·7 ·8 ·4 Mu r 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 ~ ~ .,.------.A----, ,....---.A----o Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal ·2 ·8 •1 ·2 ·8 •4 ·1 •1 ·5 ·6 Durdwan ·7 ·9 ·1 '1 ·1 ·2 •04 ·04 •3. ·4 lllrhlmm •4 •4 •1 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·01 ·1 ·1 n:mkura ·2 •1 ·02 •02 ·1 ·1 •01 ·005 ·2 ·2 Midnapur ·01 •01 ·02 •02 ·1 ·1 •03 ·03 ·2 ·2 Hno~hly ·2 ·2 ·1 ·04 ·2 ·2 •04 ·04 ·6 ·8 Howrah • •3 ·4 ·1 ·1 ·6 ·8 ·1 ·1 1·0 1·4 24· Par~anaa ·1 ·1 •02 o()2 ·2 ·2 ·1 ·1 ·2 ·2 Calcutta ·04 ·1 ·6 1·6 1-7 3·7 •2 ·4 1·9 4·7 Nadia • ·5 •5 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·6 ·6. Murshldabad ·5 ·5 o03 •04 •03 ·04 ·01 ·01 ·2 ·2 M:>lda . ·1 ·2 ·04 •02 ·2 ·2 ·005 ·01 ·2 ·2 West Dlnajpur ·6 •6 •4 ·4 ·05 ·1 ·2 ·2 Jaipal~l • o()1 o()1 ·01 ·01 ·01 ·02 ·02 Dnrjeellng • ·04 •01 ·1 •1 ·01 ·02 • ·03 ·2 •1 Coorh Behar TABLE 16.4 DEATH RATE FROM "PLAGUE" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULA· TION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1941·50 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal •001 o0002 o()()()1 o0001 o()002 ·0001 Burdwan lHrhbum l\ankura Midnapur Hoo~hly llowrah , 24-Pa~anaa ('akutta •005 ·OOS -oo1 Nadia • M urshldabad Maida • West Dlnajpur Jaip&l~url • llarjeelin!l • C<>OC.h Behar 1946 1947 1948 194!1 1950 ~ ,- ~----. Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male. Female Wcot Bengal o001 -ooo1 o()()1 ·0004 ·004 o()()1 ·ooos Durdwaq o()()1 Birbhum 1\ankura 'Midnapur o()()1 Hl><>llhly -()()2 HO'OT&h • U· P&J'l<&na& ·005 -oos Cakutta .002 -u1 S & DEATII RATE FROll .. DYSENTERY. DIARRH .&~for liM l-oG 11M1 liM! l~Mt 111U llale Female Kale Female Kale Female Kale Fflllale Kale Fomale llale J'~male 1·1 1·4 1·1 1·2 1·1 ...... 1-1 1·8 1·1 1·8 1·8 H 1-1 HI 1.0 l·t 1·1 ~- 1-G 1.0 1·1 1·1 1-1 1·1 ·II ·II .... -9 ·8 1.0 -9 1-1 -9 ·7 -e ·S l 1ote 11M7 INS 11141 U50 )[ale l'emale ...------·Kale Female Kale Female Kale Female lllale Female ...... 1·2 1·8 1·2 1·4 l·S 1·4 1-ll 1·t 1·8 1·t Jiardwaa • ·7 ·7 ·8 ·8 •II 1·0 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 lllrbba• • ·2 •I ·4 ·I ·S '·S ·4 ·S ·4 ·S l TABLE 16.6 DEATH RATE FROM "RESPIRATORY DISEASES OTHER THAN T. B. OF THE LUNGS" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX. 1941-50 .A.ftl'ePfor 11141·60 11141 11142 11143 19« 111t5 )[ale Female Kale Female Male Female Kale Female Male FelllAie Ill ale Female 1·7 1·1 1·8 1·4 1·8 1·6 1·11 l·t 1·11 1·5 1·8 1-t ...... 1·4 -9 1·4 1·6 ·II 1·4 ·II 1·6 1-1 1·3 •8 Jlardwaa • t-o blrblt11a • .. 1-t ·II 1•1 ·8 1·0 ·7 ·8 ·6 ·7 .. Jtankara • 1·5 ·•·II 1·8 1·1 J-lj HI 1·6 1·0 1.11 1·0 1·11 -9 )lldne poor • 1·8 ·II 1·11 1·1 1·5 •II 1·7 1·0 1·7 1·0 1·7 1·0 HOOIIhiJ • 2-t 1-G 2·7 1·8 2·6 1·7 2·8 1·1 3·1 2·2 2·8 1-11 Howrab 1·1 1·8 2·2 1·11 1·7 1·6 1·8 1·8 2·11 2·8 2·1 1·7 14-l'arvaaM 1·1 -9 1·4 -9 1·2 2·8 l·t ·8 l·t ·II 1·2 ·8 ('alniUa • t-e 1·11 2·5 1·8 1•11 2·7 2·8 t·3 B·O t·6 1·8 l'iodla • ·I •8 ·7 1-1 ·6 H ·8 ·8 ·6 1·1••• ·6 )lu~ .. •I·• ·S ·1 .. ·I ·6 ·4 .. ·6 ·6 1-1 )lalda • 1.0 ·S -e ·2 ·8 ·I l·B ·6 1·0 ·7 ·2 11'-DIMJ~ l-9 2·t 2·1 2.0 I-ll 2·t 2·7 2·t 2·8 2·4·• 8·1 1·8 .Jalr-lorUrl • t·l! 8·11 ... 1·7 6·t t·5 6·7 6·2 6·6 t·tl •••1·11 2.0 2·2•• 2·2 l·t 2·2 2.0 2·3 2·1 2·2 2·2 2·2 ~~ 1ote 11147 INS 11MII 11150 Male Female ll&le Fomale Kale Female )(ale Female ll&le J'nnale 1·7 1·2 1-G 1·1 1·6 1·1 l·t H 1·4 1·0 --~ 1·1 -e 1-t •I 1·2 ·7 1·2 ·8 1·:1 ..b&rw. -..... ·7 .. ·I ·I ·6 ·8 ·6 ·S ., -2·• l DEATH RATE FROM •'SUICIDE" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE PO PULA· TION OF 1941 FOR 1941·50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1Y4l·W 1941 .... 1942 1943 19" 1946 Male Female .Male Female .Male Female Male Female Male Jl'emale Male Iremale Wc•t Bengal •05 ·1 •04 ·1 o()4 •1 ·1 ·1 ·05 •06 •06 ·1 Jlurdwau '04 -o5 ·05 ·1 ·04 ·1 •04 •03 •05 •04 •05 ·05 lllrhhum ·1 ·04 •04 ·1 •1 •1 •05 •03 ·1 •02 •03 ·02 Dankura •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 ·04 •1 •1 ·04 ·1 Mlduapur -ua ·03 •03 •03 ·02 ·ll ·03 •03 •03 ·03 •03 ·03 Hoo~hly ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Huwru.h •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ~•- l:'argauae ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 UakuttO< ·03 ·04 •01 -D1 ·01 ·01 ·01 •01 •03 ·04 ·04 •06 Nadia ·1 ·1 •02 ·01 ·03 ·02 •03 ·01 ·04 •03 ·1 ·06 Mur•hhlaiJ;.,. ·1 ·1 -o4 •03 o()4 ·04 ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 )hlltla ·04 -us ·03 ·02 •02 •02 ·04 ·04 ·04 •03 •OS •02 We•t lllnajpur ·03 •04 -o3 ·04 ·03 •02 ·02 ·03 ·02 ·04 •03 •1 Jalpal~olfl •03 •02 •02 .•03 •03 •02 •03 ·02 ·02 •03 •02 •02 lJarjeellng ·1 ·04 •1 ·02 ·1 ·03 ·1 ·01 ·1 •1 ·1 •0:.1 Uoocb :U..bar 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 ~ ~ .... Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Jl'emale Male Female \\'m1t Bt•ngal ·05 ·1 -o6 •1 -o& •1 ·06 •1 '\15 ·1 J•urdwoo • ·04 ·06 •04 ·03 •04 ·04 ·04 ·1 -us -o& JUrt,hum ·03 ' •04 ·06 •06 •04 ·04 ·1 o()4 ·1 -os H~:~ukura ·1 ·06 ·1 •04 ·04 ·04 ·1 •1 •1 •Oil Midnapur. ·02 •03 ·03 ·02 •03 •03 ·04 ·04 ·03 ·Ciz , Ho~bly ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 ·1 '1 Uowrah •1 •1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ~4-l,arjZaU~ ·1 •1 •04 ·1 •04 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 Uah-utta ·04 ·03 •03 ·1 , ·04 •1 •06 •1 ·0& ·1 Nadia ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 Mur•hldai.Jad ·05 ·1 ·05 ·1 •1 •1 ·04 ·1 •05 •·oG Maida ·03 ·02 •04 ·02 •04 •04 ·04 ·1 •03 '04 We•t llluajpur • ·03 •1 ·03 •04 ·03 ·04 ·06 ·04 •04 '02 Jalp&l~url ·02 ·02 ·02 ·02 ·03 ·02 ·03 -o2 ·02 '01 lJarjeellng ·1 •02 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 '03 Coocb !Iebar TABLE 16.8 DEATH RATE FROM" CHILD BIRTH" PER 1,000 OF FEMALE POPULATION AS PER CENSUS OF 1941, 1941-50 · Average for 11!41-60 19U 1942 1943 19U 1946 1946 1947 19i8 1949 1060 t Bengal •3 •3 ·3 w.... ·3 ·3 ·3 ·3 ·8 ·3 ·4 '2 Bordwan ·3 ., ., ·3 ·2 ·8 •8 •8 •4 ., '2 Blrl,hum •3 ., ., ·8 ·2 ·3 -a -2 •8 ., ·a Banlmra ·S ., ·8 ·3 ·2 -2 •8 •8 -:! •8 ·~ Mldnapur ., ., ., ·3 ·3 ·3 .. •8 •4 •3 Hooghly ., ·• . ·6 ., ., •3 •I •I •8 ·3 Uowra.h ·2 . ·3 ·2 ·2 ·3 ·2 ·2 •1 "2 -2" •1 2t•i'aJll&IIM ·2 ·3 ·8 ·2 ·2 ·2 -2 '7 •8 •I •2 Calcutoa ·3 ·1 .0. o()4 ·8 ·8 ., ·8 •6 •6 •6 Nadia ·3 ·2 ·1 -s •3 •3 ., ·8 •fi •6 ·a Mur.hldahad ·2 ·1 ·2 ·1 ·2 ·2 ·2 ,·2 •ll -2 'll Mai DEATII RATE FRO~I ••MALARIA" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON TilE POPULA.J TION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50 A~for liHl-60 11K1 11K2 lHS l~K4 1~ .,,.,... Kale Femele llal• Male Female lla1e J'emele lla1e hmale lla1e l'enule t·6 6·1 1·7 t·t ...... n-gaa 8·8 t·S H 8·3 7-8 8·6 5·t 8·3 &r•lwaa 1-11 ,.. 7·6 8·0 H 1o-a 11·1 a-o llH 8·7 U·8 13·8 7·8 7·6 7·8 7·!! htrl•hura ··~ N> ll0·1 ll0·6 :1!6·6 liO·I 17-o 17·11 )i4ata~l.ll'a t·6 6·7 6·6 6·11 3·~ <&·7 8·7 ~-8 8·1 8·8 6-Q s-g 3·8 a-g Jlllolnarur 6·<& t·S <&·8 12·8 11·8 8-Q II·& t·7 6·;1 H••OIIbl, 8·5 o&·l 1-7 o&·i 3-7 ••• &·3 6·8 6·8 8·t 3·6 u .... ra~~ 1·8 1·8 ·6 ·6 •••·6 l·ll z-o ll·8 8·1 1-g 1·8 •·•2-1 U-l'anr..,.. ll·ll l·o&·• 1·7 1·i 1-11 3·8 8·8 3·8 t·l ll·O ·7 1-Q ·I ·8 ll .. t·~·ua ·6 ·7 1·0 1·6 1·6 ll·t -ll H ~-~ ~-0 6·2 8·1 ~·d•• ... 8·<& 8·11 7·7 6·11 6·1 10·0 7·7 JlluN~ 11·8 11-8 11-Q 8·6 7·8 7·8 1&·7 U·t 17-7 17·8 6·8 17-1 18·11 Mal•la e-o t-8 <&·1 6·1 :z.o& 8·0 8-Q 7·8 7·6 8·11 6·1 'II\""' IJtnajpul' • 6·2 6·3 ••• <&·6 8·1 i·ll .8-8 7·1 8·t 8·8 6·7 6·11 Jalpabrurl t·O H <&·7 6·3 •·a t·ll 6·1 ... t·7 6·8 6·11 8·11 8·3 6·11 7-o 6·1 IMr)"'ell~ 7-1 6·6 8·· 8·1 11·6 11·1 11-1 H> (;ool·b Jlebar 111,6 19U 1MB lil'll 11160 ~ ~ llale Femele llale Female Male Female Kale .,emele Kale )female W...tBenpl <&·5 6·2 3·8 •·z 3·3 3·11 8·8 •·1 1-6 3·0 llunlwaa. 8·7 <&·3 8·7 •·z 3·8 .., 8·6 <&·6 11·6 2·11 IUrhhum • U·o& 16·0 11·1 11·3 7·11 8-Q 11·11 10·7 8·8 H·ll lt.ant..ura 3·0 1·11 3·6 .. , 3·6 o&·l 8·11 8·1 a·'. )f 8·7 <&·2 8·7 <&·2 8·7 <&·2 3·1 •·• h.lua,•ur • 3·11 ll·o& :!·~ Hoodolr 2·6 8·2 3·0 3·5 11-11 8·7 2·7 3·6 1·11 2·:1 Uowrab HI lH 1·6 2·0 1·8 2·· 1·8 2·· 1·0 H 16-l'aruaJIU HI l!-1 1·8 1·6 1·6 1·6 1·<& 1·6 H 1·:.1 Cakuua •II ·II ·6 ·II ·6 1·0 ·6 ·7 ., •7 lladla 16·6 16·2 10·11 11·3 10·0 10·<& 11·8 10·7 7·& 7-tl )lur..hlda~ 11·6 IH 6·5 6·8 6·2 6·1 6·6 IHI t·O 3·11 Maida 8·:t HI 6·7 o&·l 6·7 3·8 6·8 6·8 6·1 •·a 'II\ eot lllnajpur • 11·2 8·6 6·6 <&·II <&·8 <&·2 2·5 Z·li 2·ll 2·:t J&IJ-.I•url 6·3 6·11 4·2 <&·II •·o 3·7 t·O 8·0 ll·:.l IMrj<' TABLE 16.10 DEATH RATE FROM "KALA-AZAR" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPU· LATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50 Average fc.r 11161·60 1941 19U 111&8 ,-----.... Male Female Hale Female .Male :remala Jrl.ale Female Hale Female )[ale Female W•ll Benaal ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 ·1 Burdwaa. •1 ·1 ·Oii •OS •Oo& ·o• •1 o08 o04o -os •06 •03 lllrbbum • ·01 -Ill •OJ •01 •01 o02 •01 •01 oOl -oo• •01 -uuz Bankur• • ·01 •006 •01 •01 •006 oOl •01 o()06 -Cil o()06 •008 •003 •01 -Ill ·01 ·01 •003 -ooa oOl -ooz oOl •008 •01 ·004o :~.r;r· •ll ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 •01 o01 •1 •1 •Z •1 Buwrah -ua ofiS -112 •01.1 ·01 •01 •1 •1 -o3 o08 -oa -oz 16·1'&11J&DU ·1 •06 •1 •Oii ·1 •1 •1 o06 •1 -or; •1 •06 Celeuna • ·1 ·2 ·1 ., o04o •06 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 ·1 !iadla • ·II •1 ·2 •ll ·1 •1 •I •1 • •1 •2 •II •I Munhldaba4 ·J ·1 •I ·1 ·2 •1 ·II •1 •2 •1 ., •8 Maida • • ·ll ·1 ·I ·2 ·II •1 •II •II •I •1 •II •Z 'II\"' DlnaJpur • 1·1 •II ·6 ·6 ·7 •6 1-o •7 •8 1·2 •7 J aiJoaiJurl •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 ·••1 •II ·2 •6 •7 ., •7 •6 •7 •6 l>arj...-hnlf. ·6 ·8 ·• ·6 ~llebar ·• 1948 liiU 1il'll 11160 Kale J'emale Male Female Kala J'emale Kale l'emale Kale w ..tn. 111a1 ·I ·1 •I •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 lhtrdwaa • •1 •1 ·1 •1 •I •1 •I •1 •1 Jllrl•bum • •Oil -tl04o •01 -os . -oa -os o()8 oOI -o2 1\aalr.u,. • oUl -ooz -Ill oQOI oOl o01 o()l oQ06 o()l -ut oUl •01 o()01 oOI -ooa -oa o()2 -oa ::!:.r,r ·I •1 •I •2 •2 ·II •I •2 •2 Ho•r&ll -os oOll o04o -os -oa -o2 •1 •1 o()l U-l'•n: .... ·1 -oa ·1 o04o •1 •1 •1 •1 o()6 Caln~na ·1 ·ll •1 ·I ·I ·I •1 •8 •1 JliacUa • ·8 •I ·I •I •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 II u.-.AI4abed ·I ·I •I ·I •1 •1 •1 •1 llblda ·••I •I ·I •1 ·2 ·1 •I •l •1 'W ... IllnaJpu • 1·1 1 ... 1·V 1·1 1-6 1·1 1·1 1o() Jal.,Unri ·I ·I •I "I "I •I •1 •I •1·• .. •6 ., .. ., •I •8 ., =~ ·• 45 TABLE 16.11 DEATH RATE FROM "T.B. OFTHE LUNGS" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEXCALCULATED ON THE POPULATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1!ttl-50 1941 1942 1943 19« 1945 Male :Female Male :Female Kale :Female Male Female Kale Female Kale Female West Bengal -4 -3 •4 ·3 -4 ·2 •4 ·2 •8 •4 ·2 Burdwao • ·4 ·1 ·5 -1 ·4 ·1 ·4 -1 ·•·4 ·1 •3 ·1 Blrbhum • •3 ·1 •4 ·1 ·3 ·1 ·8 ·1 ·3 ·1 •3 •1 Bankura ·5 ·1 •6 ·1 ·6 ·1 ·4 ·1 ·4 ·1 •5 •1 Midnapur • ·2 ·1 ·2 ·1 ·2 ·05 ·2 ·04 ·2 -o& •2 ·05 Hooghly ·4 ·2 ·I> ·2 ·4 ·2 ·5 ·2 •4 ·2 •4 ·2 Howrab ·6 ·4 ·5 ·4 ·6 ·3 ·6 ·3 ·7 ·4 ·7 24-Parganaa ·3 ·2 ·3 ·2 ·3 ·1 ·3 ·1 ·8 ·1 •3 ·••2 Calcutta 1·0 1·9 1·0 2·3 ·8 1·6 ·9 1·8 1·0 1·9 ·9 1·7 ... : Nadia ·2 ·02 •1 ·02 •1 ·02 ·1 ·03 ·1 -os ·I ·02': •. Mursbldab;..,_ •1 ·03 •1 •04 ·1 -o3 •1 ·01 ·2 -o2 •2 -o• Maida •1 •02 ·04 ·02 ·03 ·01 -o5 ·02 ·1 -o2 •1 -os· .. West Dinajpur • ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 . ·1 ·1 -o4 ·2 -o5 •1 •1 Jalpaiguri ·6 ·4 ·5 ·3 •5 ·2 ·6 ·3 ·4 ·I •3 ·•1' Darjeeling. 1·& 1·4 1·4 1·3 1·3 1·5 1•3 1·& 1·3 1·4 1•1 1·8 Cooch Behar 1946 1947 1943 1949 1960 ,_ .,..__~ ~ .... __ Male Female Kale Female Male Female Kale Female llale . Female West Bengal ·4 1,\·2 ·4 •3 ·5 ·3 •4 ·3 ·4 ·a· Burdwan • ·4 ·1 •4 ·1 ·5 •1 •4 •1 •4 ·1 . Blrbbu.m ·3 ·1 ·2 ·1 ·3 ·1 ·3 ·1 •I ·1 . Bankura ·6 ·1 ·5 ·1 ·6 ·1 ·6 •1 ·& •1 Midoapur. ·2 -o4 ·2 ·04 ·3 ·1 ·3 •1 ·3 •1 Hooghly ·4 •1 •4 ·2 ·4 ·2 ·4 ·2 •4 ·2 Howrah ·6 ·3 ·6 •4 •6 ·4 ·6 ·4 •I> •8 2•-Parganas ·3 ·2 ·3 ·2 ·3 ·2 ·3 •1 ·3 •2 Calcutta 1·0 1·8 1·0 2·1 1·0 2·1 1-o 1·9 •9 1·1· Nadia ·2 ·04 •2 • ·1 ·2 ·1 •2 ·04 ·2 -oJ Mursbldab;..,_ ·2 ·03 ·2 •04 ·2 -o4 •1 o04 •1 •03 • ,., Maida •1 ·02 •05 -o2 •1 ·02 ·1 ·02 •1 ·01. West Dlnajpur • ·2 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·04 ·2 ·1 •I •04 Jalpaigurl ·6 ·3 ·6 •4 ·9 ·6 •9 ·7 •9 ·3 Darjeeiing. 1·2 1·4 1·6 1·4 1·6 1·4 1·6 1·6 1•4 1·2 Coocb Behar TABLE 16.12 _' ~ t ;'. DEATH RATE FROM "SNAKE BITES" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPU... LATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, · 1941-50 Average for 1941·60 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Hale Female Hale Female Male Female Male :Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 Burdwan ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·2 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 liirbhwn • ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 })Ank.ura ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 M1dnapur ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 H"""bly ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Howrab -()4 -()4 ·04 ·03 ·04 -()4 -o3 -()3 -()5 -o4 -o4 -os 24-Parganas ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 Calcutta ·01 -()05 -oo3 -()02 -()1 -()05 -()1 -oo5 .. !'adia ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 lf Ul'\;hidal>ad ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 -2 :Maida ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 -()3 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 . w.,.t Dinajpur ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 J alpai~'llri -()4 -()3 -()4 -()2 -()4 -()3 -()3 -()3 -()2 -os -o4 -()2 H&rJt't:ling -()2 -()2 -os -()2 -()1 -o1 -()2 -os -()2 -()2 -61 -o3 Cooch Behar 19.0 1947 1~ 1949 1960 ~ ~ Hale Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female w <">-"t Belll'AI ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Burd.,.·an • ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ., ·. lltrbhum ·1 ·1 ·1 -os ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 . •I l DEATII RATE FROM .. CHOLERA" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941-50 i"'8Pf01' 1Nl-60 1N1 1NI 11143 liiU 1N6 Jlale Ye..U. )(ala J'emale J'emale Male J'emale Male J'emale Male J'emale 41-G t0-7 81·1 8(1-t 100·6 34·0 35·8 111-4 17·1 46-1 l!S·I ...U·6 63·0 ... 104·11 12:1!·8 ••• lll·6 85·8 11·11 11·4 III-I It·I 61·0 62·1 1!6·8 110·7 103·1 :1!4·6 80·4 1·8 l·ll 10-1 ae-o 23·1 13·8 U·ll 107·0 126·8 111·0 :1!~·1 6·1 1&·3 12·1 1&·7 2:1·6 :U·6 10-6 77·1 ~~~·0 27·1 20'6 7·1 11·2 IO·t .... 13·4 26·1 11·0 01·7 711·8 ll0·6 27·7 211·ll !1·11 l'O·t 811-8 ts·~ 811-1 80·3 116·4 1D7·0 U·O Til· I 111·3 i11·8 76-1 81·7 1111-11 106·1 811-1 134·3 181·1 81·8 l\8·1 80·0 ~tl·l lll·l 61·8 U·1 1!2·8 U·3 .... 84·0 8a·6 26·3 61·4 8~·6 87·1 42·7 7·11 8·0 21·4 78·3 811·0 13·3 10·0 11·8 11·1 27·6 81·8 81·7 t6•6 8:1·3 7&·3 87·7 10·8 U·8 8·1" 1·4 11·1 8ll·8 10·8 16-1 16·6 70•6 87·6 11·0 25•6 11·0 1U·8 21·1 21·6 6•8 6·6 6•6 81·8 77·8 11·3 10·1 :S·S 3·1 U·l 12·6 11·8 8·7 7·1 O:H 114·6 4·6 4·11 2·U 2·0 t·1 1·8 6·11 18·1 8·6 6·0 1·1 ll·ll 3·0 11148 lUll .,..-_11160_,. ..__ ___, Male J'emale Male J'emale Male Female V:ale Female Male Female weet:a..nc.a 12·· U·8 28·1 28·1 35·2 36·6 35·7 38·8 67·1 411·6 Bard•••, 1lH 12·6 20·8 26·6 37-1 41·0 32·8 38·11 66·8 6a·a Blrbha• , 6·4 •·7 26-6 26·7 14·1 13·:1! 0·0 5·8 111·4 111·7 Baokara , 7·1 11·8 16·7 23·6 12·0 13·11 11·2 13·3 111-1 21-1 Mtdoapar. 7·8 11·8 17·0 111·8 19·7 22·0 311·3 33·0 211·7 lW·8 Hoot~blr • 23·4 27·6 27·0 36·6 88·1 40·Ci 23·1 26·8 llo·7 z7·ll Howrab 61·8 80·8 76·8 91•8 83·2 116·1 65·9 71·2 27·1 tll•4 I6-Par11aaae U•t to·• 89·1 ·6·8 62·1 69·8 107·7 112•7 11>·2 117·8 Caleau.a • 24·8 16·3 43•6 211·8 66·8 ·6·2 33·8 87•3 82·2 711·11 !fadla • 411·6 66•6 23·7 28·8 39·8 49·8 8!!-1 42·7 112·6 11!!·7 )lonbl4aba4 26·6 28·0 II·· 11·8 10·6 26·0 16·0 17•9 111·6 111·6 Maida • • 63-G 611·3 6·1 6·3 26·6 27·6 23·8 24·11 41·7 411·1 Weet Dloajpar • 20·8 22·8 18•11 16·7 4·2 4·1 10·1 9·7 66·8 0~·4 3alpal1JUrl 1-8 1·0 2·6 8·0 3·8 •·o 8·7 6·1 12·3 12·:1! 1-7 2·9 2•t •7 2·2 1·4 1·0 4·4 ;1·4 =~ TABLE 17.2 DEATH RATE FROM "FEVER" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941-50 (Fever includes Malaria, Kala-azar, Blackwater fever, Measles, Relapsing fever, Cerebrospinal fever, tnftuenza, Enteric eroup of fevers, Typhus, and 'Other fevers ' of some of which death rates are ilven aeparatell' elsewhere.) 1941 1942 1943 1946 1U6 ,.--~'---""' Male l'et01''1 Male Female Male • Female Male Female Male J'emale Male Eemal~ 630 641 498 622 611 641 620 632 683 608 635 61\8 031 659. 606 •as 467 6111 646 Otl3 716 6113 7611 7117 049 6110 0115 726 737 761 837 867 803 697 ... 672 «116 659 019 696 612 650 887 667 C>48 litiS 650 693 622 647 .89 6110 631 661 678 888 428 8110 437 405 441 418 454 435 466 875 246 250 184 109 211 200 266 254 266 271 23:1 438 t48 896 416 428 452 469 429 41l9 4112 446 180 118 114 78 135 120 127 108 161 1211 1411 708 7211 7311 776 708 740 701 714 8115 8:JO 7i>4 736 74d 670 886 eu7 705 776 776 ll4ll ~6V 7211 7113 7116 810 7611 806 697 808 804 868 tHJ2 ~~~6 8011 017 748 741 61111 700 676 664 631 6a6 6Vll 4110 .711 674 649 667 6511 646 41111 652 060 672 w.t 632 670 668 661 626 6to 633 61:! OliO our. 11147 11148 1949 11160 Female Male Female Jolale Female Male l'emale Male l'emala 654 61S 645 488 614 484 610 46& 477 6110 038 6611 616 670 626 6:1S 678 ""IHI 777 818 766 7tl8 71l6 IHll llll 1110 011 661 1110 61:!0 613 (177 tllll 1176 ell·~ 672 011 662 61111 6211 678 622 66J ttl 877 418 860 408 871 414 847 ~wo 270 1!.'>0 2611 Z63 278 273 2110 1119 17U 4~ 451 480 ., 428 443 lll\8 407 8V6 407 144 IS& 142 1211 131 124 115 100 V5 6tll 700 7tll 044 650 678 Ol<7 6:1~ ...,. 740 748 72ll 740 727 743 GitJ .... 760 818 til& 743 736 7:14 748 71111 727 6118 678 6ll1 11110 C>llll 7tH 6119 -013 6114 470 418 417 871 8[,8 1413 ... ~ 3>14 3017 Nl 668 638 6411 6211 678 "' 470 "' 41 TABLE 17.3 DF.ATH RATE FROM "Sl\IALL·POX" PER 1.000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941·50 Ant&!!" for 111!1-liO 111U 19U INS 1944 ~~ Kale Female Kale Female llale J'em&le llale Female lWe J'em&le )(ale hmale w.... t Bengal lli-G 20·7 24·2 24·1 2·1 3·1 3·0 1·7 31·7 IK·II 61-G 60-o Burdwaa • 14 17 18 20 7 7 0 0 ~ 0 40 67 l!lrbbnm • 7 7 6 0 7 0 1 2 0 27 !$ l!anknre • 11 11 3 4 0·3 0·0 0·1 4 •4 71 81 t!JdnaJ>nt • 5 6 3 3 0·2 0·1 0·8 0·7 II II Ill 21 Hooghly 22 26 22 23 1 I 1 2 30 so 87 98 Ho,.rab 53 60 50 62 10 13 0 8 120 uo 138 16S 24-Pargaw 111 21 29 81 6 7 so so 71 76 Calcutta 67 711 120 126 " 20 !6' 12'1 168 89 114 l'iadla II 10 6 0 0·2' o-3' 2 2 17 18 11 14 )lurshlda~ II 10 3 ~ 0·3 l 3 42 46 )U.Ida 8 II 8 10 2 2 1 11-2 21 :1!0 w ..t Dlnajpur : II 11 1 1 0·4 1 :1!' 2' u' 28 8 10 J alpai!!Dri 1 1 0·:1! I 1 6' 3' a I Darj..,ling 3 I 0·4 0·0 I 0·2 2 2 0 Coocb !:Iebar ' 19'41 1947 1948 19411 1960 ~ K.ale Female )(.ale J'e-le lWe J'em&le Male Female Male Female w""* Bengal 11-ll 12·7 7·0 11·5 20-o 21·1 8·3 3·3 31·9 38·0 Butdwao • S6 46 7 7 8 10 2 2 18 2 Blrbbum • 14 11 2 2 0·3 6 Bankura • 7 6 •8 1-G 6 ., ·:s 9 9 )Udnapur. 11-7 0·7 I 1 4' •' 2 I 11 1Z' Hoogbly 10 9 3 3 11 13 3 2 t8 liS Howrab 17 20 II 7 42' 8 7 83 88 2'-P•rgaw 7 8 2 2 13 12 4 4 19 18 Calcutta 3 4 u 50. "116 110 13 u 101 123 l'iadia 17 18 3 3 4 2 3 28 32 Mut8hlda~ 111 19 J 2 2 •2 1 1 Iii ·lD Maida 6 7 a 1 11 11 0·3 11-6 10. 10 West Dlnajpur : l!O 23 18 18 2 3 7 8 Jalpaiguri 0·3 0·2 0·8 0·2 0·4 1 1 =~ 1 0·2 4 2 4 1 1 8 0 TABLE 17·4 . ' DEATH RATR FROM ·~PLAGUE"' PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941-50 West Bengal Burdwan • Birbbum • Banknra • tiJdoapnr. Hoogbly • Ho...,..n • 24-PargUIU Calcutta • l'iadia • M utabldabad Maida • • w ... t Dlnajpur • Jalpai! 11141 11147 ,.. 194& 1149 11160 Male Female )(ale Female lllale Female )(ale Female Kale Female West Bengal -61 Bnrdwao • -os -61 •1 ..oz •I •1 "02 BirLbam • •1 Bankara Mldnapar: :Os Hoo~rbly . Howrab ·I 24-Parg...&. .. :i Calt-ou.a ·I ·-i !iad1a •I ·li •1 1·8 :j :i '!ol urshldabad 'lol•lda \\-Mt Dina1pu: ':i J~patrun • lNr:~hnl'. ~bel~r • 7& TABLE 17.5 DEATII RATE FROl\1 "DYSENTERY, DIARRHOEA AND ENTERIC GROUP OF FEVERS" PER 1,000 DEATIIS FR0!\1 ALL CAUSES BY SEX,19.U-50 .a...... , .. l»U-6Q liMl liM% 1~ liMO 1tH~ JbJe J'emale Jlale J'emale Kale l'emale Jl&le J'omale X&le J'emale 1Jlale )"•male ...... 1$-8 417"8 ee-o 6$·8 417•5 ee·o 111"2 63"0 111·8 5t·3 llvd•-. SO· I 411·0 62·8 63·3 5t·S 5t·7 S0·8 '"~"' 4:!·6 40·8 4H• ~·tU·7 8 Blrbl>•• . 30·1 li·8 31·6 62·0 76·0 7a·t 111·0 63·1 1>0·7 ·~·ll 1!11·8 611·! 40·0 •::·v )illdMpV • 63·0 7~·3 73-li 69-0 68·0 &&·S 23·6 112·11 7~·8 7~·3 5t·S !>J·O Hoochlr 111·1 1~·0 107·1 122·0 1111·8 131·11 141·3 1311·8 110·0 12;·7 llii·S to:.·:t Hownll HI· I 168·8 1~1·1 li2·6 11!7·0 204·7 172·1 117·8 1:..!·2 101·2 1~11·0 1:-a·ll ~ 7ll·6 72·6 68·1 M·O 73·1 72·0 ~·0 IIIHI !Ill·(> 611·0 6<1·11 6;"·:.! ... 133.. 10~·1 <&lnn&a 124·1 111·4 1~·1 137·4 U1·8 134·7 111·11 116·0 100·11 111·:4 :N..tla 24·8 2:2·0 14·6 12·0 lU·1 13·11 13·2 11·2 l!O·S 17·6 111·11 111·3 ~~~ 18·1 17·i 13·0 U·7 111·2 20·1 10·4 11·0 11·1 11·11 ltl-6 1(>·8 .Maida 17·1 14·6 l:N lO·ll 15·8 13·11 12·7 11·8 11·0 7·6 17·5 1:0 WM DI.,..Jpar. 23·1 30·1 l~·ll 13·1 21·3 14·2 21-11 111·0 14·1 11·6 H·l U·O .l&lpalnrl 63·1 411·11 33·6 211·1 20·11 17·2 30·1 27·1 SIH ~-2 48·i 46·1 851) 761) 82·6 77·0 :=u.:fw 711·11 6(1·1 113·11 711-7 811·8 70·7 117·0 ~·7 IHI 111'7 11148 111411 11).;0 llale l'emale Male J'emale Male Female Male Fe_. Male Female Weo&Beapl 81·1 82·1 68-l 70·7 72·8 76·1 74·0 73-8 78·8 111·7 Bardwaa. 88·i S6·1 .... 43·6 ~2·0 61·7 68·8 33·11 litH tj;\-4, Blrbbou• • 8·1 8·11 16·2 12·6 14·2 13·1 12·0 11·11 li>·ll 1~·4 Banluua 17·1 311·7 89·1 48·4 46·0 S0·6 48·8 45·1 60·8 50·1 Mldoa~: :..!·3 61;·7 78·3 77·8 83·0 80·11 84·0 86·7 711-4 71·6 Boochlr . lOi>·O 124·8 126·3 137-ll 124·0 147·7 133·1 137·0 114·11 UO·fl Howra!l 1~4-1 173·8 171-1 190·1i 150·0 167·1 U7·9 148·11 1311·11 H6·6 14-~ M·l 7()-1 64·3 85·8 811·0 70·1 74·6 811-11 lltl·~ \10·11 Cal .... u. . 136·7 156·6 125·6 142·7 123·2 122·3 182·3 152·0 1~7·~ U7·tl l'i8dla 26-6 22•1 23·11 25·6 39·3 31H 42·11 36·0 [>0·1 f•4·ll Murohl4a~ 14·8 27·6 17·11 17·2 24·4 26·11 . 22·11 111·8 3tl·;i 3()·3 Maida 33·8 81·i 14·3 12·1 14·6 13·11 111·3 13·8 111·3 1~·· WMDioaj~: 17·7 14·0 30·8 31·8 21·0 14·1 34·8 211·2 4tl·fl '7·0 J&lpalnrl 82·1 lill·8 61·2 67·8 65·8 115·9 78·0 114·8 96·11. lll·ll !Mrjftll:fw 811·8 77·8 86·6 67·1 90·11 81·8 80·7 o:;-11 113·11 1!1"4 ()oudlJie TABLE 17.6 DEATH RATE FROM "'RESPIRATORY DISEASES OTHER THAN T. B. OF LUNGS" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941-50 19U 11143 llale J'emale Male Female Male .Female Male Female Male Female .Male Female 86·1 110·8 104·0 72·11 100·7 87·6 114·8 46·7 7H• 62·11 88·1 61·11 74·0 46·3 106·8 70·1 85·7 61·6 68·1 35·7 lill·2 311·8 70·4 8Y·II 27·6 17·1 611·8 f6·8 60·11 38·3 21H 17·8 111·8 12·4 24·7 U·O 68·7 42·1i 84·7 f>3·8 77·8 48·9 49·2 33·2 64·4 42•2 77·1 44·11 701) 46·6 1011-1 63·4 113·7 66·8 40·11 27·3 68·11 41·11 116·7 62·8 144·1 81·8 171·1 109·8 169·3 107·4 1311·2 95·6 148·8 116·8 lt11·3 ~~~·1 133·8 116·1 171-11 129·0 168·1 122·3 1011·2 711·11 116·1 711·7 124·6 711·7 70·7 f>3·8 110·6 63·8 93·0 184·6 66·1 34·8 62·4 89·0 6.!o·6 46"3 168·7 133·1 180·6 145·6 187·7 175·8 145·7 113·8 147·8 126·ll 166•11 137·11 80·7 18·0 211·7 25·7 42·8 20·0 23·6 18·6 22·8 16·t 86·8 27-ll 18·7 141) 12·8 8·2 18·3 14·8 18·1 10·11 16·0 18·8 1t1·1 36·8 1!6·0 17·1 30·6 20·4 47·11 45·4 43·8 36·1 14·6 1S·O 18·0 8·11 Ul-7 102·0 108·0 102·6 lt41-6 135·1 127·8 111·4 83·0 76·0 1011·7 101·3 1117·7 168·2 204-li 161·7 2011·7 145·8 179·1 184·11 1118·1 162·7 2o2·7 160·4 '11·1 70-G 801) 70·8 117·7 82·8 611·8 76·2 68·1i 70·11 70·8 73·1 ,..... ______1801 U48 11160 Jlale J'emale Male Female Male J'emale Male Female .Hale )"emale 81-ll 80·8 110·7 63·7 86·11 110·0 88·8 li7·1i 83·:' 611·2 "N·I tt·S 77·11 411·3 68•8 37·8 72·6 42·11 1!1·11 46·1! u .. 1H 20·1 10·2 23·7 13·1i 20·1 11·8 111·11 111"0 79-1 06·8 72·8 46·6 68•0 ~11·3 64·8 35·8 611·4 a7·4 lot·f 67 .. ~·li 5t·2 71!1) 46·0 71·4 40·8 67·11 3Y·4 147 .. 8!·· 137-11 85·6 12511 !!tH 121!·2 711-ll 122·7 OW·~ 13~ .. tH·8 lt!·li 101-t 130·11 11:.·11 136·6 116·8 1!>6-G 11!:.·1 t6·7 67·0 4:!·8 tl2·6 3>1·0 116·4 38·6 65·11 a;;-;, l!IIHI 168·6 170·4 1~2·8 143·4 122·4 1411·11 127·0 136·0 11~·11 ·~··,.., 17·1 32·!1 111·1 84·2 14"7 211·1 25·0 2!!·7 17·4 1~1) 1Qo1 1~1) 11-.lo 111·11 !1·3 16·8 7·0 :tA:II 12·11 111·1 11·1 2:2·1 ]0·41 86·6 22·8 36·0 17-11 14·2 13·11 U7·1 109-0 1:!11·1 111·7 13.!o·O 1~·11 136·6 104·8 12:!·1 111:1·5 hS·I 166·11 1111-t ]6:1·8 215·1 173·8 21~·0 1770 lllO·!f 1 t:J·II 1:!·1 7o-7 W·i ;o-a 111·7 113·11 114H 77·0 611·11 70·1 • TABLE 17.7 DEATH RATE FROM "SUICIDE" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941.·50 Av.rage for 1941-&0 1941 1942 1943 19U 1945 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female We•t Bengal 2·5 2·6 2·4 2·9 2·7 3·2 1·9 1·9 1·9 1·7 2·4 2·6 Hurdwan • 2·1 2·3 2·5 3·1 2·2 3·0 1·6 1·4 1·8 1·4 2·8 2·4 IJlrbhum 1·6 1·4 1·7 2·8 2·8 2·9 1·2 1·0 1·4 1·0 1·2 1·0 Bankura. 2·& 2·3 2·7 2·9 2·9 3·1 2·1 1·2 2·3 2·1 1·9 3·2 Mldnnpnr. 1·4 1·4 1·8 1·6 1·4 1·3 1·0 1·0 1·1 1·2 1·6 1·6 Hooghly 4·8 6·0 3·3 7·1 3·0 6·8 5·1 6·2 3·1 4·4 3·4 4·7 Howrah 1>-1 lH 4·3 3·3 3·1 3·7 6·2 6·3 4·6 2·5 4·9 4·7 24-Par~anaa 4·6 6·2 4·0 6•8 4·6 7·3 3·2 4·0. 2·8 3·1 8·8 6·8 Cah-utta 1·8 1·6 1·0 0·4 1·3 1·0 0·3 0·2 1·3 1·1 2·4 1·8 Nadia 2·0 2·2 1·0 1·0 1·3 1·0 1·0 0·2 1·1 1·0 1·8 1·7 Mur•hldabad 2·0 2·2 1·8 1·7 2·3 2·1 1·3 1·4 1·7 1·6 2·3 2·2 Mal 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 ~ ,....-~ ~ ~ ~ Male Female Male Female Main - Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal 2·7 3·0 2·5 2·6 2·8 3·0 3·1 3·3 S·O 3·1 Burdwan • 2·2 2·& 2·1 1·8 2·0 2·1 2·6 3·2 1·6 2·9 Hirbhmn 1·0 1·4 1·9 1·8 1·8 1·7 2·3 1·6 1·7 1-2 llankura 3•2 2·9 2·3 2·1 2·2 2·1 3·1 3·7 3·0 2·2 Midnapur: 1·3 1·9 1·6 1·3 1·7 1·8 2·0 1·6 1·6 1·2 Hooghly 4·1 6·4 6·6 4·9 6·4 6·9 6·6 7·1 6·1 7·0 Howrah 6·4 7·3 4·5 4·6 4·4 4·6 4·2 4·1 7·1 7·4 24-Pargan~s 4"3 6·9 3·3 6·1 3•6 6·2 4·3 7·7 6·2 6·4 Calcutta 2·4 1·4 2•0 2·3 2·5 2·3 3·1 2·4 2·6 Nadia 2·1 3·0 3·0 3·2 2·3 2·1 4·8 4·0 6·6 3·8 6·8 Murshldab;w_ 1·6 2·4 2"1 3·1 3·9 3·2 2·1 3·0 2·8 Maida 3·9 2·0 1·6 2•9 1·6 2·9 3·1 2·4 i·ll 1·9 3·2 West Dlnajpur 1·o 1·8 1·4 t·•t t·6 1•7 2•3 1"6 2•6 Jaipaigurl l"U 3·7 1•7 1·0 1·0 1·4 1·0 1·3 1·0 1·0 1·0 lJarjooling 3·4 1·0 3·2 2·2 4·3 2·3 6·9 3•9 3·9 Cooc h llc bar - 1·2 TABLE 17.8 DEATH RATE FROM "CHILD BIRTH" PER 1,000 FEMALE DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES, 1941-50 Average for 19U·50 1941 1942 1943 19U 1945 West Bengal 16·6 20·6 20·1 10·0 llurdwan . 16·2 10·4 15·0 20·1 19·5 11·4 8·5 llirbhum . 11·0 17·3 13·9 19·5 8·2 6·3 9·4 Hankura • 13·0 18·3 16·9 9·2 Midnapur. 17·9 7·6 11·3 26·0 22·4 8·9 11·3 Hooghly • 20·3 27·1 27·7 18·7 Howrah . 18·1 15·1 14·2 11·2 19·7 15·2 9·9 24~Pal)!anas 14·2 10·1 11·2 18·3 17·7 14·2 8·1 Calcutta , 9·9 3·5 13·3 Nadia . 2·9 1·6 8·9 11·2 11·0 6·6 4·3 4·2 Murshidabad 8·S 7·0 11·4 6·7 9·2 3·6 6·4 Maida • • 16·8 23·6 36·3 s-o West Dinajpur • 34-Q 16·4 10·4 12·9 33·9 38·0 35·8 22·9 Jalpai~uri • 61·6 63·7 30·5 llarjecling 37·2 37·3 29·6 23·8 23·.'; 29·2 38-o l'ooch llc har 21·0 18·5 23·0 1946 1947 1948 1949 West R<>nJl&l 19·1 16-6 21·1 22·5 Hurd"Wl • 16·8 17·0 16·7 Barbhum • 9·8 19·6 22-8 16·4 9·1 15·6 15·0 Hankura l7-o 13·0 8·1 \tit.inapur • 22·8 13·S 13·9 11-11 18·7 22·6 20·5 Ho•.'.chl)~ • 20·6 11:'-5 19·4 lt~,u-rah • 24·2 23·6 13"8 &·3 10·9 18·1 2•·Panzana.s 16·4 10·4 6·3 t's.kuu..a • 14·2 17·7 19·3 15-() 9-1 13·2 U·8 ~adla U·S 17·6 12·1 .,.u.,hldahad 12·7 23·1 8·3 8·7 22·4 13·8 ~hhta • • 16·5 13·0 U·S 111·2 19-11 12·2 \\. t"~t lltnaj(lUr • 34·3 22·11 13·7 85•2 ~9·4 J:llp~~uri • 60·7 52·8 l5·6 29·1 Uatjt~:lintl • "2·3 73·2 . 23·· 26·7 2··2 56·2 C Ot.h. b l~· har • 311·6 16·2.. TABLE 17.9 DEAnl RATE FROM "MALARIA" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 19·U·SO AYera~P ror 1Nl~ 1961 11142 11143 Jlale Jlale Jl'e..te Kale Female Kale ...... Jl'elllale Female 213·6 ,..... Bencal !31·7 232·4 238·6 2S~4 26H 278·11 ~i9-8 !99-() !f\7·1 2"-S·l ans-t ~~--833-6 3:tl!·6 3<16·4 336·8 lk 11147 11148 111411 11160 Kale Jl'emale Ifale Female lfale Female Ifale Female Mal• Female ,.._. B•lllal 240·8 253·8 206·3 220·8 192·8 205·1 199·2 218·7 157•8 187·4 Burdwao • 199·8 226•4 199·11 2111·3 215·2 239·1 219·8 264·8 lt\1·6 17!1·8 Blrbhum 479·11 4110·11 432·0 444·2 360·0 368·9 4~8·1 451·2 367·8 8"11·4 Hankura • 167·8 103-lll 1111·0 213·2 189·3 216·8 213·9 244·4 1"2·1 213·8 Mldnapur. 223·1 262·7 206•8 227·11 2113·4 222·5 173•7 1116·4 142·11 166·0 HQOifhiJ. 1611-8 1113·4 187·0 202·7 1!16·4 214·11 1110·7 218·7 131•8 1f>ll·l Hcnrrab 118·0 116·1 104·8 111·3 116·5 127·8 134·6 HIH 80·4 611·6 U·Pantaoaa Ull-li 162·8 108·1 111·11 114·1 116·7 113·7 117·7 101•9 104·0 l"alt-utta • 40·7 3NI 35·4 32-4 30·7 2~·4 32·2 24·8 20·8 18·6 Nadia • 635·4 643·1 461·3 476·2 448·4 460·2 447·11 450·8 371-7 SHil-l Munhldabad 328·2 831·7 301·4 317·2 2111-li 802·4 321·1 3:17·8 244·7 2~4·4 Maida 845·11 846-ll 328·7 334-li 300·3 2116·8 UO·S 366·6 820·11 8~2·8 W.a' Dlnajpur • 2>16·8 304·7 180·9 1110·6 186•9 196·2 111·2 106·8 113·0 \16·8 • .Jalpall(tlrl 236·8 237·8 1117·8 208·4 1116·1 1112·4 183·9 171•3 144·11 137·6 Darj..,lln• 2611·7 227-ll U6·2 2U·8 1116·6 1511·6 166·S 14~·1 168·6 161·2 Cuot-b 1\ehar .. .. - .. .. TABLE 17.10 nEATH RATE FROM "KALA-AZAR" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX,l941-50 Average for 11141·60 1941 1942 1948 1944 11146 Kale Jl'emale :Male Female lfale Female Male Female lfale Female Hale Female 'Wedlh•npl 8·2 4·7 IH 8·11 6·2 8·11 8·6 2·7 3·11 2·8 8·4 4·8 i'ul'ftwu • 4·6 3-4 2·1i 1·7 2·1 2·0 2·0 H 1·6 }•} 2·6 1·7 lllrbhum • ·8 ·li ·2 ·4 •S ·8 ·1 ·2 ·1 ·1 ·8 .o6 llankura •4 ·2 ·4 ·6 ·2 ·8 ·4 ·2 ·S ·2 ·1 ·2 lllldnaJ'Ilr. ·7 ·8 ·6 ·8 ·2 ·2 ·2 ·05 •8 ·1 •4 •2 HtiOIIhiJ • 10·0 7·1 8·0 H 8·2 4·8 ·7 ·8 6·11 8·8 8·11 4·9 Howrab 2-1 1·8 1·4 2·0 ·8 •6 2·4 2·7 1·1 ·II 1·8 ·8 U·Pantauaa 4·1 8·0 6·0 2·8 4·3 8·6 2·6 1·9 2·8 2·0 8·8 2·7 ("al~utta 8·8 6·11 4·8 2·11 4·1i 8·0 8·4 2·8 6·0 8·8 7·4 6·2 Jiladla • 6·7 4·8 8·8 6·0 4·8 2·11 3·8 2·8 8·11 3·0 8·4 &·3 II unhlclabad 8·6 8·1 7-7 6·3 8·1i 7·2 4·7 3·2 8·6 4·0 11·8 8·11 Maida 11-1 8·7 18·0 18·4 19-() 18·11 15·7 13·8 6·8 8·6 8·8 6·11 w .., Dlnajpar • 46·6 81i·7 32·0 28·1 311·7 27·8 46·7 31-1 26·3 18·6 ·2·8 2~1-4 .J alpahrurl • 8·0 4·11 8·8 2·7 4·4 8·0 4·8 2·8 3·8 2·11 6·8 6·8 llar) 11147 1948 1949 1960 Male Female Kale Female :Male Female Male Female Hale Female 8·4 8·8 11·2 8·8 8·8 .. , 7·7 8·1 8·1 11·1 6·0 4·8 8·11 4·8 8·11 8·8 11·7 8·2 0·11 1·8 -e ·I ·7 .e 1·6 1·4 1·4 1·2 . ·II ·8 ·1 ·4 -()7 ·8 ·8 •4 ·I ·II •2 .. 1·8 •II ·7 ·8 -8 ·I -9 ·1 1·6 1·1 12-() 8·1 1S·8 13-1 15·8 12·0 18·8 13·4 14·4 12·2 ... 1-() 2·8 1·11 2·1 ·II 4·8 1·4 2·11 1·11 4·1 2-4 11·1 8·0 6·6 S·5 11·8 4·8 4·11 4·7 10.. T·ll 8·6 8·7 11·4 11·8 7·8 8·1 6·2 4·8 9-0 1·1 8·7 7·1 6·6 8·8 4·4 8·11 4·& 4·4 1!·1 t-2 11)-7 8·7 UH! II· II 8·11 4·8 8·4 4·3 11-() 17·2 11-1 lS·II 8·7 to-e H 8·11 7·1 T·i 60·11••• 71·1 61·1 8S·5 6!·1 46·7 41-e 17·6 82·1 S·l t·l Jt·t 11-2 6·1 7•7 7·4 ... 1·4 1•11 liol 18·11 ltH U·l 18·1 14-4 14·7 ,., ll·i .... TABLE 17.11 DEATH RATE FROM "TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LUNGS" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES, 1941-50 · Average for 1Y4l·i>O 1941 1942 1943 1944 ...... ------..Male Female ,.-·------Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 26·0 16·2 24-D U.·2 14·4 8·0 15·9 9·2 19·7 11·0 Wc•t Bengal 21·5 12·7 14·9 4·7 18·6 4·4 21·4 6·0 23·9 7·5 24·1 7·1 14·9 4·7 Burdwan • 19·5 5·5 14·9 4·1 6·5 1·6 6·6 2·0 10·8 2·6 llirbhum 10·7 2·7 16·7 4·9 23·6 4·6 21·7 6·8 23·8 6·9 24·7 6·3 11·4 ' 2·8 Hankura 18·0 3·3 11·2 2·9 5·2 1·1 8·7 1·9 11·7 2·6 Mldnapur 11·7 2·6 21·7 7·6 20·5 11-1 26·0 10·2 32·8 12·0 29·5 13·7 24·0 9·2 Hooghly 39·7 27-11 42·3 26·5 23·8 13·2 27·0 13·6 38"4 19·7 Howrab 34·7 19·5 12·6 19·2 10·1 19·6 9·4 21·4 10·4 22·6 9·7 11·2 4·8 6·2 U·Parganaa 76·8 92·1 82·8 103·6 47·2 50·5 48·9 63·8 66·7 61·4 Calcutta '68·6 65·4 5·1. 5·6 1·4 4·6 1·4 3·7 1·5 2·8 1·0 8·9 1-1! 1·0 ]Sadla . 1·8 2·5 0·6 5·3 1·0 6·1 1·2 Murshidabad 6·8 1·3 5·8 2·4 5·8 3·3 1·1 2·7 1·7 3·9 1·0 3·4. 1·2 1·9 0·6 2·2 "1 Maida . • 6·6 1·9 4·9 1·6 4·2 2·1 Weot Dinajpur • &·8 2·1 6·5 2·6 6·2 3·4 24·2 14·2 21·5 10·1 21·0 9·0 16·4 9·2 12·3 6·8 9·6 8·9 Jalpaigurl 44·6 45·7 43·1 44·4 43·4 44·1 llarjeeling 53·2 61·6 48·6 43·1 48·0 65·0 ()uocll Bellar 1948 1949 1950 ~ ~ Male Female Male Female Male Fema.le 15·6 26·5 16·4 West Benga.l 22·2 12·3 24·6 14·4 26·3 15·8 27-1 23·9 6·6 24·2 5·8 26·1 6·5 24·2 6·5 24·4 7·3 llurdwan 2·6 11·8 2·9 llirbhum 10·8 2·4 9•4 2·2 13·4 8·7 12·3 23"1 4·1 23·7 6·7 25·4 6·9 29·6 8·4. ~"nkur& 24·5 4·9 Midnapur 14·1 2·5 1:!·7 2·2 14·8 3·7 15·9 ·3·0 17·7 4·8 Hooghly 24·8 8·5 22·1 9·0 26·6 9·7 29·3 13·1 83-1 11·2 , Howrah 38·3 18·6 37·8 20·7 37·1 21·2 41·7 25·8 41·6 16·7 21-Parganas 23·7 11·6 24·9 12·5 24·0 10·7 25·6 10·6 24·2 13·9 Calcutta 70·9 73·8 66·9 71·8 58·0 62•6 62·7 66·0 48·2 65·9 lSadia . 5·9 1·4 7-7 2·3 8·6 2·4 8·1 1·6 10·0 •l M urshida bad 6·2 ·I 7·6 2·0 8·6 2·0 8"4 2·0 9·1 1·7 Maida • 2·8 •1 3·4 1·4 5·3 1·1 4·7 1•3 5·9 11-li West Dioajpur 6·1 2·1 4•4 2·3 6·9 1·9 9·4 2·4 6·3 1·9 Jaipalguri 17-1 10·4 29·3 17·8 43·3 22·2 44·5 30·7 43·9 82·8 llarjeellog 42·0 55·8 65·7 60·3 68·9 66·6 70·2 65·2 61·1 . 61·9 Cooch Behar TABLE 17.12 DEATH RATE FROM ••SNAKE BITES'' PER 1 ,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSI!.S BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1941·50 ·1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 ... Male Female Male Fema.le Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Weot Bengal 3·9 8·7 4·8 4·3 4·7 4·6 2·2 2·1 2·8 2·8 3·5 8·6 llurdwao • 4·9 4·2 7-1 4·5 6·1 5·0 2·9 3·9 3·4 3·3 4·1 4·0 Birl>hum • 2·6 2·6 3·6 2·6 4·5 4·1 1·8 2·1 1·8 2·0 2·1 3·0 llaukura 4•2 4•5 5•1 5•7 4•9 6"2 2"7 2•9 3"7 3•6 3•4 3"8 Midnopur. 6·1 4·1 6·4 4·7 5·7 4·5 1·9 1·5 4·0 4·2 5·6 4·6 liooghly 6·1 6·4 8·7 8·7 4·9 7·2 6·6 5·6 3·7 4·4 5·5 4·9 Hotnah 2·5 2·1 3·4 1·8 3·9 8·5 1·3 1·2 1·8 1·5 2·2 1·6 24-Parg.....;,. 6·8 5·1 ?·2 6·6 8·3 7·3 2·9 3·0 3·7 3·4 6·5 4·2 t'all'utta 0·4 0·2 ·2 ·09 0·4 0·1 ·4 ·1 lSadia 4·0 4·5 4·4 3·4 2·9 4·2 2·6 2·0 3·4 2·9 3·2 4·7 Murshidabad 3·6 4·6 4·5 6·1 3·6 3·2 1·8 1·3 2·8 2·8 3·5 6·3 M•lda 6·2 6·1 6·2 7·0 9·2 12·9 4·4 2·2 3·1 2·2 3·7 4·2 w e•t Dmaipur : 4·3 5·8 3·6 3·5 6·4 6·0 6·2 6·6 3·9 3·8 11·2 6•3 Jolpaiguri 1·7 1·2 1·7 •9 1·9 1·3 1·0 ·8 ·7 ·7 1·5 ·7 llarjt>eling ·6 ·6 ·9 ·7 ·8 •4 ·5 ·9 ·5 ·5 ·1 •9 Ooocb &l.ac 19411 1947 1948 1949 19511 ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female w ... t U.,ngal 4·2 4·4 4·5 4·2 4·8 4·1 4·6 4·S 1·5 4·4 Jlurd,.·an 4·6 4·6 4·6 4·2 5·4 3·8 5·7 4·3 5·8 4·8 l~ubbum • 1·7 HI 2·2 1·3 3·8 3·3 3·3 3·3 3·1 8·5 Hankura 4·1! 6·1 4·6 4·6 4·5 4·6 4·2 4·8 4·9 5•1 lhduapur. lHI 1;.11 6·, 4·0 8·1 5·2 6·5 4·5 6·1 4·"1 liOOI A brief attOU.Dl of the history of Vital Statistic:s iD West Bupl The maintenance of genealogical trees in important The establishment of the District Superintendt:nt of families is an ancient feature in our country and these Police proved unable to cope with this work and in some trees may be regarded as our only surviving account of districts it was transferred to the District Magistrate. vital statistics before compulsory registration was intrOL In Chottanagpur many of the choukidars, who were duced. They recorded births, marriages and deaths but, poorly paid, preferred dismissal to the burden of this as can be readily concluded, they were imperfect and new duty. In a small area in Hooghly, a Bengali did not record dates in most cases. Records of marri missionary, by house to house visitation, succeeded in ages and deaths among 1\luslims have been handed compiling statistics which be used to illustrate the down to us from the offices of Qazis and Imams but devastations of the "Burdwan fever ". Two District these, too, in the nature of things, were bound to be Magistrates saw to the prospect of accurate statistics , incomplete because not all marriages and deaths were being obtained through the chaukidars and advocated entered eveo among important families. compulsory registration such as the Calcutta Municipal Act provided for. The history of the Census and Vital Statistics in The statistics as a whole were admittedly unreliabl~. India has followed that in England. In 1936-37 an Act but a mass of information was gradually made av<~il Flrsl te requiring registration of births, 8 able. Nothing was however done towards digestin.jl ps marriages and deaths was pro- these statistics, comparing those of different areas, or mulgated .in England. As a consequence, quarterly utilising them. It was decided that the examination .md returns of births, marriages and deaths of European- extraction of vital statistics should be entrusted to the British subjects then residing in India were collected Sanitary Commissioner as the Officer on whose duties from Ministers of all denominations and transmitted to the practical conclusions drawn from these statistics the Registrar General in England. At this time and most directly bear. He was asked to propose simple subsequently the registration of these events was con forms and to group causes of death into the most obvious lined to Calcutta. Later, an Indian Act VI was passed and easily recognizable classes, of which the destruc in 1886 by which registration of births, deaths and tive symptoms are known and familiar to the rude.:;t marriages of Europeans was made obligatory and the villager. After a short trial or the new system it was transmission of their returns to the Registrar General thought that Government would be in a position to of England was regularised. This still holds good to-day propose legislation on any point on which it might be in all States .of India. found necessary and that trustworthy information would be ready for comparison with the census, which was to In Bengal, the years 1864-69 saw the beginnings of be taken in 1871. Without a census of course, the real registration. A census of the British territories in value of these statistics could not be secured. India was to have been taken Proposals for Census Before the year 1864, there had been no registration in India in 1861 but was deferred in Calcutta. Under the municipal organisation then and nrtstraUon of in consequence of the Mutiny Vital StatisUes dur introduced, the duty was entrust lnl 186 .. -69 till 1865. Various administrative Registration of vital ed to Eurasian and Native inconveniences prompted Sir events in Calcutta Medical Practitioners, six in before and after Cecil Beadon in May 1865 to urge upon the Supreme 1873 number, one in each division Government the expediency of reviving the project ior _ of the town. The results were taking a census of all India. A census of the North considered unsatisfactory after four years of trial and in Western Provinces was taken in 1865 by Plowden J\.1d 1868 the work was transferred to the Police. Each an exploratory census of Bengal by Beverley in 1866-7. Section Inspector (there were eighteen sections) became An authoritative census of the Province of Bengal wa;; a registrar of births and deaths. Registers were also taken in 1872 which marked the first of a series of decen kept at the burning ghats and burial grounds so that the nial censuses thereafter. In 1864 an Act (No. Ill) was record of corpses burnt and buried might be used to passed to provide for the first time a fairly compre check the section registers. Returns were furnished hensive and elaborate code for muffasil municipalities from churches, from the garrison, from the shipping of Bengal but no provision was made for taking a office and from some hospitals. These returns were to census or registering births and deaths in them. In be duly used for compilation in Calcutta Municipal 1867 the Government of India suggested the collection Office. of mortuary returns "approximately accurate and such aa would be at least valuable as a commencement of In 1875, the law was forcibly brought to the people's statistics". notice by beat of drum in Calcutta and the Deputy Com· missioner of Police gave much attention to this subjed. There were no census returns at this time with which The Health Officer was responsible for compiling the births and deaths even if they were accurate could be vital statistics of the town, but did not exercise dirert compa~ but the local Government decided that deJth control over the collection of the material, as the Polkc ~turns should be procured through municipalities where was in charge of the work. Moreover, the Health they existed and through village t'houkidars and the Department was inadequately staffed. Despite these Police elsewhere. Orders to this effect were issued in circumstances the Health Officer in his report of 1876 1868. Chaukidars were to make weekly or bi-weekly gave reasons why the work of registration of Vital reports to Police Stations and the registers prepared Statistics should also pass to his care. The statement at tht.>5e stations were to be forwarded to the Distrir:t of birth and death rates in Calcutta from 1868-1876 as Superintendent's office for compilation and submission shown below will indicate that the registration, though to tbe Commissioner. defective, was showing sil:ns of slow improven;ent. Y•r 154~ 1869 1870 1871 1872 IS73 1S7j 1873 1~i6 1\irtlia rate pH 1,0110 or pof>ulation Of'n&lla 1878 13-1 )3·8 12·2 1:!·0 11)-6 10·7 J()-8 16·3 17"3 llioP&Lia rate ~ 1,0UO ol p<•pulation ~uaua 11176 • 3:! ::9-11 :!N :!j :..'7·8 !!6·' :.!9·' 3J 30·2 3•8 1aia~tl DWI'\&htJ rate.- 1,000 blnba • 53 The results were far from satisfactory and the whole The collection and recording of vital statistics, bow question was placed before. t~e Gove~ent with the ever, continued to be unsatisfactory under municipal object of improving the ex1stmg mach~7ry. But the authorities. Records of deaths Retransfer of regis in municipalitites appeared in• system continued till the Calcutta Muruc1pal Act was tration in munici passed in 1889 when the work of registration of vital palities to the town deed to be in many cases less events was restored to the muniCipal authorities. The police 1892 trustworthy than those of the revised Act of 1913 made no change in the administra rural circles. · tion regarding registration of births and deaths in Calcutta. The work of registration was, therefore, With effect from the 1st January, 1892, again transferred to the town So much for Calcutta. It soon appeared that the police and it was directed that the municipal funds thus Sanitary Commissioner was unable to devote sufficient set free should be applied to the advancement of primary attention to this all-important education. Birth registration through agenc)t of the Compulsory Births branch of public health work. police was at the same time introduced into rural as and Deaths Registra- The Army Sanitary Commission well as urban areas. This change-over from the local tion Act of 1873 en- in England commented very bodies to the Police seemed to effect an overall improve forced in nrban and severely on the worthlessness of ment in registration. In 1896 there were 527 prosecu rural areas of Bengal statistics presented in the Sani tions, 2,049 convictions, and Rs. 3,155 in fines were by Police tary Commissioner's Report for realised. 1872. The Sanitary Commissioner attributed the failure At this time births and deaths were thus registered "mainly to bad agency, and secondly to want of interest through the town or village police all over Bengal except on the part of local officers and the consequent absence the South Lushai Hills, Chittagong Hill Tracts and. the of the necessary supervisors and urged that a compulsory district of AnguL The statistics thus collected were from system of registration should be introduced". time to time ehecked by Magistrates, Subdivisional Officers, Police Officers and the Sanitary Commissioner The Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act (Act and his subordinates including the superior officers of IV) was passed in 1873. This Act introduced a dual the vaccination staff. In 1899, the Government of system which provided for the submission of returns Bengal passed orders so that station masters of all rail from both " general circles " and " selected circles ". way stations within the province but outside the munici The returns for the general circles included the selected pal towns should be registrars of births and deaths and circles and related to the whole of Bengal. In the be responsible for ascertaining and . reporting to . the " selected circles " whether urban or rural, a higher Civil Surgeons of their respective districts ali births degree of accuracy was sought to be obtained by the and deaths occurring on all railway lines and lands employment of special agencies under closer supervision. (including lands occupied by railway employees1 etc., The " special circle " was to serve as an example of the whether within or without the jurisdiction of the railway manner in which registration ought to be conducted. police). Station masters were to register events and In modern parlance it would be regarded as a sample send the return to the Civil. Surgeon on the first day of area for quality control. In 1877, this system of selected every month. The Civil Surgeon was to show these areas was condemned as costing more than it was figures. separately in the monthly return and submit it worth and it was decided to dispense with all special to the Sanitary Commissioner. No change of this system agencies and to collect vital statistics by the same was made for several years.. During 1906-09 an experi machinery that was employed in the general circles. ment was made in the Galsi thana . (Burdwan) to test the accuracy of rural registration. Up to 1875, registration of births was undertaken In 1909 the Eastern Bengal and Assam Goveriurients in " selected circles" covering all but four districts. took up the question of improvement of registration in It was attempted for the first time in "general circles" in 1876 and proved a failure. The experiment was Registration retrans- compulsorl_ly . notifiable areas. abandoned in 1878. Registration of births continued ferred to 1\lnnieipal The vaccma~o~ staff ,was to Authorities 1913 check the statiStics and a reward however in a few selected municipalities and in 1880 it of four annas was paid for every was resumed in all first class municipalities and in conviction obtained. The results werf? unsatisfactory certain towns. It was in this year that the Compulsory and the whole subject was reconsidered in 1912; Vaccination Act was passed. By 1881, the Registration Act was in force in 101 towns. Both births and deaths The work of registration lay outside the sphere of the statistics were quite unreliable, births statistics being ordinary duties of police, the public disliked going to more so than deaths. In many of these towns voluntary the thana to report vital occurrences and the work of registration was almost unkno~m. while prosecutions the police was not directly under the Sanitary Depart were inadequate. ment. For these reasons, with the almost unanimous approval of district officers, registration WaS again trans In 1886 registration of births was extended and a ferred to the municipal authorities on the 1st April, 1913. very important change of system was introduced by the ln 1916 the health officers of municipalities were Transf f . Government transferring the made responsible for all round improvement of the tratiott ~ ~~ ~~ duty of registering both births registration of vital events and in the next year the authorities lllllop and deaths in towns to munici- Registration Act was extended to the· Asansol Mirung pal authorities. In many of these Settlement. In J 925 station masters of railway stations to~ms Act IV of 1873 was actually in force but the local within a town were made reporters of births and authority had been unwilling to undertake the burcien deaths and required to submit their returns to the of registration which the police bad hitherto borne. municipal registrar. In 1929 medical officers of hos In some towns even the registration of vaccination pitals situated in towns were asked to report births and under the Compulsory Vaccination Act (Act V of 1880) deaths occurring within hospitals to municipal registrars. was ~rfo~ed by Police. In rural areas the system The above system of registration was followed in of registration by the Police of deaths remained un an altered. municipalities and there has been no major change on this point in urban areas of the State. 1 cnsus 8. 54 For the rural areas the work of registration in 1913 the month which the thana officer was required to attend. Wll transferred in two subdivisions (Kalna and Chana All registers of births and deaths "·ere preserved in the pur) to the chaukidari paochayets to be assisted by district room only for a period of thirty years. munshl chaukidan and ln 1915 this system was extended Local authorities were entitled to charge for supply to Bogra and to the Lalbagh Subdivision. There were ing copies of entries in the registers of births and deaths thua in 1915 four agencies in Bengal for the registra a fee of four annas for each extract in rural areas And tion of vital occurrences, viz.- eight annas in town. Registers and forms were supplied (1) the Police and the village chaukidar (in most by Government free of cost. Thana and Circle Officers rural areas) : drew up estimates of annual requirements and sent them to their Subdivisional Officers for transmission to (2) the panchayets with their munshi chaukidars the District Health Officer who distributed the forms on (in certain selected rural areas) ; indent from the Forms Department. A chaukidar used (3) the municipal staff (in urban areas) and Form No. 2990 for births, No. 2998 for deaths and (4) the station master of the railway station outside No. 3014 for Epidemic diseases. Bengal Form Nos. 2993 municipal towns. and 2999 were used by local registrars for birth and death registration respectively. Bengal Form No. 2996 The above system continued till 1926 when thana was used by Local Registrars for supplying monthly health circles were established. Health Officers were returns and similarly Bengal Form No. 2997 was used Rural Pablle Health apP?inted . for each district ~d by Subdivisional Officers and District Health Officer. Re-orpnisation of sarutary mspectors for public For the prompt notification to the Ministry of Health Bearal 1a 1926 health circles. This ~r~cedure in England of the prevalence of certain epidemic diseases became necessary as C1vil Sur every Tuesday, an innovation was introduced in 1920 geons could not cope with the work of public health as requiring a telegraphic summary of the main features well as medical duties and, therefore, the public health relating to the prevalence of plague, small-pox, cholera. portion was transferred from the Civil Surgeon to the influenza in Bengal during the week ending the previous District Health Officer. The Bengal Births and Deaths Saturday. This information was supplied to the Gov· Registration Act, 1873 was now extended to aU rural ernment of India by the Director of Public Health. The area• In Bengal. Every district was divided into a suit District Health Officer collected such reports both from able number of registration units, such as union boards, urban and rural areas and sent them to the Director of panchayetl unions, railway stations and thanas. The Public Health for the purpose. Incidentally~ in 1894 work of registration was gradually transferred from the Civil Surgeons used to notify any outbreak or existence police to the hands of local bodies. Presidents of union of epidemic diseases in their district to their colleagues boards, panchayeti unions, station masters and thana of neighbouring districts and the system of Inter officers were by the District Magistrate appointed local provincial exchange of epidemic information was intro registrars of births and deaths for their respective areas. duced in 1922 but since 1926 these functions were Every vlllage chaukidar was required to report at the assumed by the District Health Officer. local police station, chaukidari union or union board But the compilation of vital statistics caused delay office, all births and deaths occurring within his beat. under the system and the matter was discussed at the Vital statistics were compiled according to the date of Divisional Commissioners' Conference in 1931. A new occurrence and regionally by thanas and not by sub system was adopted in some districts for trial so that divisions. The following sequence of dates was pre registrars were required to submit their monthly arrlbed for the submission of vital statistics from one returns of births and deaths direct to Sanitary Inspec agency to the next :- tors who compiled statistics for the thana and forwarded it direct to the District Health Officer and not through (A) District Board.t the Subdivisional Officer. The dates of submission of (1) Chaukidars to the local registrars- vital statistics by one agency to the other were ns 7th day of the succeeding month. follows:- (U) Local registrars to Subdivisional Officer.- (a) By chaukidar to 7th day of the succeeding Not later than the 12th day of the succeed· local registrars. month. lng month. (b) By registrars to Not later than 12th day of the succeeding month. (ill) Subdlvislonal Officers to District Health the Subdivi Officer- sional Officer or Sanitary In- Not later than the 15th day of the succeed spectors as the Ing month. case may be. (lv) District Health Officers to Director of Public (c) By Subdivisional Not later than 17th day of Health- Officer or Sani· the succeeding month. Not later than the 20th day of the succeed· tary Inspector lng month. The submission of district to District returns through Civil Surgeons was dis Health Officer. continued in 1928. (d) By District Health Not later than 2Jrd day of Officer to Direc the succeeding month. (B) lfunidpclitiel tor of Public Tbe Municipal Health Omcer, or the Municipal Health. Chainrum as the case may be, should forward In the case of municipalities, the monthly viW the returns direct to District Health Officers and not to Subdivisional Officers or Civil statistical returns were to be submitted to the District Surgeons. Health Officer not later than the 15th day of the succeed ing month. This system continued up to 1!143. Where the local registrars were thana ot'ficers, the d.afad&~ were requlnd to collect the chaukidars' hath After the appointment of Sanitary Inspectors to chlttu and band them in at the first week17 parade of health circles, local registrars in 1939 were required 55 to supply every month to Sanitary Ins~tors info~ summary of the Report and its conciusions is prlnted tion regarding all births and deaths. Th1s was conslder as an Appendix in this volume. ed nc~essary to enable Sanitary Inspectors_ properly to The existing method of registration and compil~tion look after the Sanitary measures of theu area. To of births and deaths in the State of West Bengal 1S as enable District Magistrates to exercise control «;~ver ~e follows:- working of the Bengal Births and Deaths Reg15trabon Act in municipal and rural areas, District Ma~strates A-Registration were required to send quarterly reports _sh~wmg _the number of prosecutions. number of ~onv1ct10ns, DD:~ Throughout the State of West Bengal except the realised etc. under the Act to the D1rector of PubliC district of Cooch Behar the registration of births and Health. ' As ~ consequence the supervision of the Regis deaths within eight days of their tration Act seemed to improve in this period. Legislation date of occurrence is compulsorJ' and it is administered in different areas according to Ever since the introduction of the system under which the Act as mentioned below :- the responsibility of registering births and deaths was placed upon Presidents of Union In rural areas • Bengal Births and Deaths Registration trans Boards, there were repeated Registration Act of 1873. ferred froDl UIUon complaints that vital statistics Urban areas (except Bengal Births and Deaths president to thana were late in reaching the Direc Sanitary Inspector Calcutta & Howrab). Registration Act and 1944 tor of Public Health leading Bengal Municipal Act of to delay in submitting the 1932 and rules issued provincial report to the Public Health Commissioner thereunder. with the Government of India. As Presidents held office Calcutta Municipal Act of in an honorary capacity and for one reason or another City of Calcutta and were often absent from their unions, the system was Howrah. 1951. considered unsatisfactory. Under orders of the Gov Cantonment areas Cantonment Acts and Bye- ernment, dated the 4th January, 1944, District Magis laws issued thereunder. trates were instructed to cancel the appointment of (i) Urban areas-In the municipalities (including Presidents of Union Boards as registrars of births and Calcutta) municipal authorities are responsible fo~ the deaths and to appoint the Thana Sanitary Inspectors in efficient management of registra their place. The Sanitary Inspectors were asked to Agency tion of vital events. Registrars attend the fortnightly parades of chaukidars at the of Births and Deaths are appointed by the Municipal thana and take the figures of births and deaths direct Commissioners in Municipalities and by the Health from the hathchittas of chaukidars and at once compile Officer in Calcutta for the purpose. The father the list and forward it to the District Health Officer. or mother is primarily responsible for reporting births As both the Sanitary Inspector and District Health and other persons who are required to report are the Officer were officers of the Public Health Organisation, occupiers of the building in which such child is bom, they could see that vital statistics returns were compiled the medical practitioner or the midwife. In case of and forwarded regularly and punctually thus effecting death it should be done by the nearest relatives present a considerable saving of time. This change was intro at the time of death or in attendance during the last duced with immediate effect. Later in July 1945, an illness of the deceased or in absence of such relation the additional health assistant was sanctioned to 11 Sanitary medical practitioner if any, who attended during the Inspectors to help them in compiling vital statistics. last illness. In the municipalities which have no regis Famine and epidemic had prevailed all over Bengal trars of deaths at burning ghats or burial grounds, the in 1943. It was the delay in submitting figures to White fuel contractors, ghat priests and doms of the burning Hall in 1943 from the former agencies that this change ghats and munshis of burial grounds are to report from Union Presidents to Thana Sanitary Inspectors deaths to the registrars periodically. -Station Masters was made. Though the returns were received earlier, of railway areas within municipalities are responsible they became less representative of the area, as the for reporting vital events occurring within their areas. population of the new registration district increased ten The family is primarily responsible for reporting births times approximately. Some army Subdivisional Health and deaths in the municipal areas including Calcutta_ Officers were appointed at subdivisional headquarters (ii) Rural areas-In rural areas village chaukidars for the control of epidemics and later the Government are reporters of births and deaths occurring within their decided to place each subdivision under a Health beats. They are provided with a double set of hath Officer as •• Subdivisional Health Officer". The Sub chittas of births and deaths for collection of village divisional Health Officers in addition to their public statistics. If they are illiterate (as they generally are) health duties, supervised the work of registration of they may have the entries made by any literate person vital statistics and were responsible for the normal of the locality. The dafadars of the union collect one administration of vital statistics registration of the area. set of hathchittas of births and deaths from all chauki In 1945. detailed instruction in connection with the dars of the union and submit them at their weekly registration work were issued by the Government to the parades at Thana to the Sanitary Inspectors of Thanas. local registrars, i.e., Thana Sanitary Inspectors for their guidance. who are the Registrars of Births and Deaths for tbe Thana areas. The Sanitary Inspector with a health After 1947, all subdivisions were provided with Sub assistant attends parades of dafadars at the thana and divisional Health Officers and a scheme for rural health collects one set of hathchittas from the dafadars and centres was started. So far 103 union health centres retains the same for the purpose of registration ; the have been created and it has been proposed that the other set of hathchittas is handed over to th~ dafadar for Rural Medical Officer of Health will be the registrar of distribution amongst the chaukidars concerned for the births and deaths for the union where the Union Health purpose of collection of vital statistics, in the sub Centre is opened. In 1948 a pilot survey to determine sequent week. the extent of incompleteness of registration of births The above procedure is not applicable in tbe and deaths was undertaken and its results "Vere Darjeeling district. In ~ district, the Thana Officers published in a Vital Statistics Special Report. A are Registrars ot Births and Deaths and village mandals 8A Or b~men are responsible for reporting births an:! General of Uealth Services witb the Government of deatlu ()C'('Urrin~ 11.ithin their beats. India. (iii) Other anu-~anagers of tea gardens. medical A permanent Census Act was passed in 1948 and the officers of bospi~. authonties of factories and nulls post of a Registrar General and Ex-Officio Census Com outside the jurisdiction of unions, municipalities and missiOIM'r has been created to deal 11.·ith population cantonments and officers in charge of forests are res censuses and vital statistics under a single organisation ponsible for reporting births and deaths occurring within of the Central Government. Accordingly, the subject their respective areas. of vital statistics including registration of births and Railway Station Masters are responsible for collec deaths bas been included in the concurrent legislative tion ancl registration of vital events ()C'('Urring within lisL A new era in vital statistics registration is thus their areas. · expected to follow. In cantonments the Executive Officer is responsible A table showing the nature of information collected for fe&istratioll. since the beginning is annexed. This note may conclude with the recommendations made by W. Goode, Secretary in 1919 of the Local Self Government and Medical Public B-Compilatloa Health Department of the Government of Bengal, quoted helow : In urban areas, the municipal registrars of births and deaths compile the monthly vital statistical returns " The committee has already decided to recommend and submit the same to the District Health Officer by that the central organisation for controlling registration the 15th of the succeeding month for inclusion in the and collating and utilization of the data it furnishes district return. should be stren~ened. It suggests that a Deputy 2. In rural areas the procedure for compilation and Sanitary Commissioner should be placed in charge of transmisllion of vital statistical returns is as follows :·- this work ; constituting with his office a separate branch of the Public Health Department. It is outside the (a) The local thana registrars of births and deaths province of the Committee to make proposals for the collect reports of births and deaths from all reporting improvement of the local registering agency. The agenciH and from railway station masters within their history of registration in Bengal indicates the difficulties ~pective jurisdictions and compile a return of the with which the whole Question is beset. The Sanitary police station 41nd submit the same to the District Health Commissioner has pointed out that the system under Officer by the lOth of the succeeding month. which local bodies are constituted by the registering (b) Executive Officers of Cantonments compile authorities for their local areas is unsound in as much month.l,y returns o~ their areas and submit them to as vital statistics supply the facts by which these J;>istrict Health Officers. Sanitary Administrators must be judged. It will how 3. District Health Officers compile monthly vital ever be for the new Central Branch which the com statistical returos of their districts showing figures of mittee suggests should be created to examine the work· municipalities and rural thanas separately therein, and ing of the local agency on which it will depend for its submit them to the Director,te o~ Health Services where material and to make proposals to Government for its district aQd State figures are compiled in permanent improvement. It can hardly be doubted that the history records. of registration in Bengal justifies the committee's pro f. The final figures of the State and towns with posals to create a separate branch for vital statistics in populations of 30,000 and over are sent to the Director the new Public Health Department." APPENDIX B Estrada from pages 4'7-49 of the Report of a Pilot Survey held in the districts ol Burdwan, Bankura, Nadia, U-hrraus, 1\lalda and Darjeeling in the year 1948 by Dr. P. G. Choudhury and published by the West ~~~&al Gonrnment ill 1953 Summary and eonclusions-The work of registration the work is entrusted to a part-time officer. The present thou,h a statutory duty of the Government is admini registrar has to perform this work in addition to other ster-N by local bodies and from tile results of the survey more arduous official duties. The registration office is it has been found to be utterly defective, Inaccurate and · too far away for the majority of the people and as a unproductive. Omission in the registration of births result neitller the people can report personally nor can and deaths i1 more than 50 per cent. and about 22 per the chaukidars attend office regularly. In fact, the cent. of the registered events cannot be traced or verified. work of registration has deteriorated since 1944 when It bas further been observed that the data compiled it was transferred from Union Boards to Police Stations. In \be Central Office for the purpose of analysis and Ddtds publication, etc., do not tally even Although the reporting of vital events is a primary with those in the original regis duty of the people, yet they are quite ignorant of 'h1t ten. Discrepancies between the figures of the register fact. Nothing has been done so far to make the peo9lo and the return are about :t 5·06 per cent. Moreover the alive to their responsibility. As a result people seldom returns are neither representative of the area and mon~h report births and deaths for registration. Moreover iD question nor contain all the information available there is very little utilisation of birth and death certi ln the original register. And whatever is available, ficates by the people, nor has the State yet enforced 11ny ~che. thta omce three to four months after its due of these measures. People are not punished for non date ladeD with mistakes. registration even if their negligence is brought to the 1ne reaistration of vital statistics was enforced by notice of the law. Not even Rs. 100 is realised either \be &ngal Births and Deaths Registration Act of 187'3, from certificate fee or from prosecution of delinquenll ~asou •by erron but the desired lm~roveme~t has while the Government spends about Rs. 1·55 lac• every are IIOl elimhu.tecl not yet been obtamed owmg to year which serves little useful purpose and is nearl,y inherent defects in the system. all wasted. A PoliC"e Station 11.·ith an average population of 100.000 In the rural areas. chaukidars are entrusted w1tb ancS an area of 100 sq. m1les is the present registration reporting vital statistics. But these chaultldars are ~tnct in rural areas. This area is too big and un ill1terate and ill pa1d and can hardly repc>rt cause CJt mana,cabl-e even fur le\eral 'tl.'hole-Ume re~trars but death and age at death correctly. They have neither the training not the incentive to Tax Collectors may be appointed as i"eporiers of do lhtir work properly and consequently they do not births and deaths in municipalities. These tax collectors pay any attention to its improvement. and chaukid.ars may be trained in vital statistics and the best workers may be rewarded. This will provide an incentive to them. A reward fund for the purpose In urban areas too, regi~tration does not receive may be opened in each district under the control of the proper attention. The municipal authorit~es have no district officers out of the prosecution fees realised. It reporting agency and have to depend entirely on the is proposed that whoever (chaukidars or Tax Collector) apathetic public for this purpose. Consequently, the will detect omission in registration of births and deaths vital statistics of towns have been found, in course of will receive a reward of eight annas per successful case the survey, to be more defective than those of rural of prosecution. The reward may be increased to Rs. 4, areas. when the fine imposed under sections 7 and 8 of the Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Acft wiU. be Vital statistics of this province are at present com enhanced to Rs. 25. This enhancement is necessary to piled at three stages namely the thana, the district a!ld meet the cost of prosecution. This reward will be given the capital and at every stage some errors creep m. to reporters provided that they collect records of more As a result, the figures published from the provincial vital events than the average. U each and every capital do not tally with those in the original registers. delinquent is thus punished, a sum of Rs. 1·6 million approximately will be realised as fine every year and Rs. 400,000 may~go as reward to reporters whose total Vital statistics wiU not improve so long as the above strength has been estimated to be 30,000 chaukidars and mentioned defects in the present system of registration 352 Tax Collectors. Each reporter may thus get a sum are not removed and the agencies for registratioll and of Rs. J3 per year. reporting are changed or at least specially trained and paid for the work so that they may take more interest The supervision of the work of registration at the in its improvement. The following measures are there periphery regarding verification, omission, issue of fore recommended for immediate adoption :- certificates and prosecutions, etc., will be entrusted to specially appointed Inspectors of Registration and six · The present registration unit which is too big such Inspectors are considered to be essential to start and unmanageable should be reduced in size and with. the union may therefore be 1\Ieasures suggested restored as a registration unit. Burial and burning without registration should be for their remedy The union clerk may be forbidden at least in all towns. In pursuance of sections appointed as registrar of births and deaths and 435-439 of the Bengal Municipal Act all burial grounds for this extra work paid an additional remunera and burning ghats in towns should be registered and tion of Rs. 5 per month by the Unions provided with keepers who will report particulars of Government. The total cost will death, in respect of the bodies disposed of, to the local be Rs. 1,24,000 per year for 2,070 unions instead of registrars. Rs. 1,13,000 spent by the Government over additional health assistants at Police Stations. This contribution to unions will be made on the specific condition that Only in Darjeeling district, the registration. unit may unions will try to effect all round improvements and remain as it now exists ~nd the case may be taken up chiefly punctual submission of accurate vital statistics. later. Registration work will be transferred from union clerks to Rural Medical Officers of Union Health Centres as To eradicate the defects in the present system of the latter are started. The above expenditure of compilation, the Central Compilation Scheme may be Rs. 1,24,000 will thus ultimately be saved. introduced. This will eliminate Procedure all intermediate compilation at The chairman of a municipality may appoint a thanas and districts. The scheme may work as under. registrar of births and deaths and the person concerned The existing forms of birth and death registers should may be paid a sum of Rs. 5 per be revised. Local Registrars will register each and Towns month and the total cost for the every· event either reported by official reporters or by purpose will be Rs. 4,500 for 75 municipalities. The parties and send counterfoils of each individual regis sum will be contributed to the municipal fund on the tered event to the Central Office every month. These same condition as suggested in the case of unions. slips will be tabulated with the help of calculating machines and kept systematically for issue of certifi It is true that vital statistics cannot improve and cates to persons on demand. There will thus be no lo;,s complete collection of statistics will not be possible of information and no error in compila,tion and more unless people themselves take interest and report vital over the preservation of records will be possible at the events to reporters or registrars of their own accord. Central Office. The records also will thus be available Measures should, therefore, be adopted to punish people at the Central Office for issue of certificate as proposed. under the law for failing to report vital events and The Central Office will be the Provincial Registration steps should be taken to utilise birth and death certi Office like that of Somerset House in England and Wales ficates for proof of age, nationality, citizenship, succes and will be located in some prominent bouse in the city. sion to property, insurance money, etc., etc. This will lend importance to registration of births and deaths in It is further proposed that to assess improvement the eyes of the public and they will then be anxious in registration, a sample survey J,ike that of the present to register births aad deaths. Accordingly, a proposal one may be undertaken every year. for introduction of birth certificates as evidence of age of all new entrants to school from January 1950 has been submitted to the Government. This will fetch an The present state of vital statistics is so defeetlve annual revenue of Rs. 2·91 lacs approximately and the that neither any scientific research nor any effective estimated cost of the scheme will be Rs. 38,080 only. health planning can be undertaken on their basis. ~ Table 1 Birtlu by unions, thanas and town.! : comparison between the 19-18 survey figures and those recorded in the original otficial registen Total Ptorwo' bi~he Ptorwnt Birtha of oocu~ omieaioa l't-rwat or l>iNic& -s Police Births io 1948 OYer lkot«tK>o Uniou ~ nrified &auoa nriJied tok! O'l't'f 1948 0'1'~ .. rt'gd. detected lkotec- l'l'gd. during tioo suney nw.rid Bard•-P. 8. Ktllwe I Kuhigram 2.58 244 9-i·G 360 33·2 141-li % Khajunlihi 181 )59 87·8 229 30·6 1:!6·3 3 Srikhallda 210 179 8.5·3 274 34-7 130-5 4 Alampur 199 16-& 82·4 251 34·7 1:!6·1 6 Gidhgram 211 179 84·8 304 41-1 UH e Karui 191 174 91-1 2.>.5 31·8 133·5 7 Karajgram 214 179 83·6 289 38·1 13.i·O 8 Sribati 212 19.5 91·9 302 3.5·4 H:l-4 g 8ioghi 175 160 91-5 224 28·6 128·0 10 Agrad'lrip 162 143 88·3 28.5 49·8 176·9 II Jagadanaodapur 175 153 87·4 261 41-4 Hil-l TOTAL 2,188 1,929 88·2 3,039 36·5 138·9 Diatrict Bank-- I Maoikbazar . 84 75 89·3 99 24·2 117·9 r.s. s-..d.\t 2 Hamirbati 80 76 95·0 91 16·5 113·8 3 Pe&rbera 92 81 88-() 126 35·7 136·11 4 Dbulai In 135 91·8 184 26·6 1:.!5·~ :; Kocbdibi 121 108 89·3 184 41·3 l:i:?-1 e Nabason 128 128 100·0 164 22·0 128·1 7 Dibipara 138 131 94·9 168 22·0 121·7 8 Dhansimla 91 83 91·2 108 23·1 118·7 9 Pane hal 78 68 87·2 1:!0 43·3 1.33·8 10 Radbamobanpur 171 170 99·4 235 27·7 13H TOTAL 1,130 . 1,055 93·1 1,479 28·3 130·9 3·,., 24-P~P. B. &ArU. I Gborarasb 2-19 210 84·3 *~ 34·8 1:.!9·3 2 Dhanyakuria • 231 201 87·0 452 65·5 1116·7 3 Chaita 226 201 88·9 410 51·0 181-4 4 Champapukur 3.56 286 80·3 610 43·9 1-13·3 6 &ngrampur . 124 108 87-1 2tlQ 62·8 233·11 8 Sankcbura 203 137 67·5 384 64·3 189·2 7 Itinda 282 215 76·2 625 59·0 186·2 8 Pifa 271 253 93·4 523 61·6 193·0 TOTAL 1,942 1,611 83·0 3,416 62·8 175·9 I>idriot Nadia-P. 8. Naha- I Bablari • 136 67 49·3 166 69·6 1:!2·0 4wi1' 2 8•aru~nj . 208 63 25·5 301 82·4 144·7 a Maya pur 194 72 37-1 357 711·8 184·0 TOTAL 638 192 35·7 824 76-7 153·2 !Mtrict Maida- I Milk.i . 629 375 7()-9 700 46·4 132·3 P. B. 61tflWA s- 2 Kalligram 196 152 77·6 199 23·6 101·5 3 Jodupur 123 68 47·2 1-62 69·2 115·4 4 Amriti . 297 199 67-() 338 41·1 113·8 6 Narbata 178 126 7()-8 213 40·8 119·7 ),lahadipur 143 78 M·5 183 67·4 128·9 •7 K~'IFAli 148 69 46-8 151 M·3 10"l·O TOTAL 1,614 1,057 65·5 1,926 45-1 JJ9·3 ,._ a-riot Bard-. . Kat.. ':0 oa t!O-() 292 80-8 417-1 IM&rirt U.l"arpaM . . Jo,--gv.)la&il JMir r.o 246 91-1 «2 «·I 163-7 Hal;.h.u 180 N 60·6 6!!2 82·0 2&0·· 59 Table 1-concld. Births by unions, thanas and towns : comparison between the 1948 survey figures and those recorded in the original official registers Total births Percent Percent Percent ooclll'red of of Births Births of in1948 omission District and Police Unions reg d. detection Station verified verified as over over 1948 over detected total regd. during detection re6d· survey TotDM-COntd. District Darjeeling . Kureeong 237 94 39·7 542 82·7 228·7 Uas.ur TOTAL 763 490 64·2 1,798 72·7 235·6 RuaAL TOTAL 7,412 5,844 78·8 10,684 45·3 144-1 GRAND TOTAL 8,175 6,334 77·5 12,482 49·3 152·7 D~UOATB Suav:a:Y Unian8 District Nadi-P. 8. Naba.- 1 Bablari 136 64 47-1 176 63·6 129·4 dwip 2 Swarupganj 206 57 27-7 319 82·1 154·9 3 Maya pur 194 66 34·0 308 78·6 158·8 TOTAL 536 187 34·9 803 76·7 149·8 Table 2 Deaths by unions, thanas and towns : comparison between the 1948 survey figures and those recorded in the original official registers Total Percent Percent Deaths occurred of Percent Deaths of OmlSSlOD of Di~trict and Police Unions regd. Deaths verified inl948 Station verified as over detection 1948 over total over regd. detected during detection reg d. survey Di.~trict Burdwan- 1 Kasigram 320 302 94·4 430 29·8 134·4 P. S. Kalwa 2 K.hajurdihi 183 161 98·0 211 23·7 115·3 3 Srikhanda 188 159 84·6 264 39·8 140·4 4 Alampur 184 151 82·1 227 33·5 123·4 5 Gidhgram . 275 253 92-6 404 37·4 146·9 6 Karui 141 132 93·6 210 37-1 148·9 7 Karajgram 190 161 84•7 245 34·3 128·9 8 Sribati 247 231 93·5 303 23·8 122·7 9 Singhi 201 183 91·0 235 22-1 116·9 10 Agradwip • 181 155 85·6 211 26·5 116-6 11 Jagadanandapur 148 139 93·9 220 36·8 148·6 TOTAL 2,258 2,027 89·8 2,960 31·5 131-1 District. Bankura- 1 Manikbazar . 89 79 88•7 102 22·5 114·6 P. S. Sa.amlikAi 2 Hamirhati Ill 99 89·2 117 15.. 105·4 3 Pearbera 86 84 97·7 147 42·9 170·9 4 Dhulai 157 154 98-1 200 2li·O. 127·4 6 Kochdihi U2 100 89·3 157 36·3 140·2 .6 Nabason 125 124 99·2 166 2li·3 132·8 7 Dihipara. 123 102 82·9 131 22-1 106·5 8 Dhausimla 81 72 88·9 ~ 19-1 101f-t 9 Panchal 82 73 89-6 Ill 34·2 135-4 10 Radhamohanpur 143 124 86·7 166 25·3 WH . T Table z-coocld. Deat.M btl unionl, tharuu and totem: comparison between the 1948 $Un;ey figuru and those ~corded in the original otfu:ia.l registers Total Pe~n' deaths Pe~n' Percen' ocC\Irft'd of I>iaric& aacl Poliae De.ths of omi&tion of Ulliooa reg d. Deaths in1948 dete<-tion titatioa verified Terified over 19-18 over .. tote} over detected reg d. n-gd. during detection aurvey Diatrio' 2'-P~ I Gborarash • 181 156 86·j 222 29·7 U:l-7 P. ll. B..trltM 2 Dhan7akurie , r· 239 202 8-4·5 370 45·4 1M·8 3 Chait& • 207 169 81·6 305 44·6 147·3 4 Champapukur 249 197 79-1 298 33·9 120·0 6 Saognunpur • 80 57 71·3 152 62·5 100·0 t Sankehura .- 168 121 72·0 232 47·8 138-1 7 ltinda 203 148 7~·9 329 55·0 162-1 a Pita 205 175 85·4 334 47·6 162·9 TCJT.U. 1,532 1,225 80·0 2,242 45·4 146·3 D~ Nadia-P. 111. Naba- I Bablari • ~ • 76 24 31·6 108 77·8 142-1 4~ 2 Swarnpganj • 183 31 16·9 251 87·6 137·2 3 ldayapur • 160 68 42·5 223 69·5 139·4 TOTAL 419 123 29·4 582 78·9 139·0 Di.wt.nc& Malda-P. 8. E"fflwA I Milld • 202 150 74·3 235 36·2 116·3 Baaor 2 Kazignwn 122 87 11·3 115 24·3 94·3 a Jodupur 112 60 53·6 141 57·4 125·9 4 Amriti . 140 95 67·9 157 39·5 112-1 6 Narhata 86 46 53·5 66 30·3 76·7 8 Mahadipur • 68 40 58·8 130 69·2 191·2 7 Kotwali • 74 37 . 50·0 70 47-1 94·6 ToTAL 804 515 64-1 914 43·7 113·7 T- Diatric& Burdwall · Katwa 243 184 75·7 300 38·7 123·6 Diatrirl%4-Parpnaa Joynagar-Mazilpur 94 83 88·3 196 61-7 208·6 Halisahar • • 102 43 42·2 314 86·3 307·8 Diatrlc& Darjeelint . Kuraeona 256 82 32·2 324 74·7 127-1 UBBA. TOTAL •. 694 392 68·6 1,134 65·4 16H RUB.ALTOTAL 6,1%2 4,901 80·1 8,08-4 39·4 132·0 GRAND TOTAL 8,816 6,293 17-'1 9,218 42·6 136·2 Dun.Ic•·n l:!nnT u- ()i.tri2 80·8 1:.0.4 Table 3 ... Table showing the number of events as per the 1948 Survey, Registers and returns with their (') respective percentages over the total detection during 1948 :..: VI"" d l/l BIRTHS DEATHS STILL BIRTHS Percent District Percent Percent District Percent Percent 'District Percent Original vital to total Original Original to total vibl to total Polioe Station or Town Survey Register to total Survey Register to total vital to total Survey Register detection return detection detection return detection detection return detection 1 Katwa P. S. 3,039 2,188 72·0 1,881 61·9 2,960 2,258 76·3 1,695 l57·3 83 44 53·0 47 56·6 2 Sonamukhi P. S. 1,(79 1,130 76·4 1,132 76·5 1,386 1,109 80·0 1,111 ~80·2 152 40 26·~ 21 13·8 3 Basirhat P. S. • 3,416 1,942 56·9 1,935 56·6 2,242 1,532 68·3 1,532 68·3 96 54 56·3 55 57-3 4 Nahadwip P. S. 824 61·5 • 538 65·3 507 582 419 72·0 418 71-8 2 .....0) a English Bazar P. S •• ~1,926 1,614 83·8 1,615 83·9 914 804 88·0 842 92-1 54 40 74-1. 45 83·3 6 KatwaTown . 292 70 24·0 66 22·6 300 243 81·0 245 ~1·7 ! '1 Joynagar-Mazilpur Town 442 270 61-1 249 . 56·3 196 94 48·0 93 47·4 13 8 Halisahar Town 522 186 35·6 171 32·8 . 314 102 32·5 96 30·6 13 ... 9 Kurseong Town 542 237 43•7 217 40·0 324 255 78·7 264 81·5 14 27 192·9 28 200·0 UB.I!IAN TOTAL 1,798 763 42-4 703 39-1 1,134 694 61-2 698 61·6 40 27 67·5 29 72·5 RtrRAL TOTAL 10,684 7,412 69-4 7,070 66·2 8,084 6,122 75·7 5,598 69·2 387 178 46·0 168 43-4 "' GRAND TOTAL • 12,482 8,175 65•5 7,773 62·3 9,218 6,816 73·9 6,296 68·3 427 205 48·0 197 46-1 62 Table f EatiTT&4tU oJ total Births, Deaths, Infant mortality and Deaths Jrom Cholera and Malaria /or 1948 Figuree reoorded for Police Me&D ratio of · Provincial fig~ for liltS titatioo, l:oiou aa per total number aa enumerated at Standard error the survey to of the me&D the COrTl'Spond- ratio l:nder the Estimat~ in lul'a ing ligures exil!ting system under the in laca existing system llirtha .• 7,773 12,482 1·6058 ~1196 4-{)3.)64 7-3±0·6-& Deatha • 6,2116 9,218 l-4641 0·:!756 3·1\5:!70 5·6±1·06 lnfaD& mortality • 1,038 2,004 1·9306 0·:!:!!11 0·6HI!l0 1·:!±0·14 DNth from Cholera 246 476 l-!.13.)0 G-lV45 0·137!)0: 0·3±G-01 Death from Malaria 1,410 1,603 Hi94 0·4~49 0·7tiS76 0·9±0·37 APPENDIX C BENGAL Acr IV OF 1873 (THE BENGAL BIRTHS AND DEATHS REGISTRATION ACT, 1873') As modified up to the 1st March 1932 (2nd July, 1873.) AN ACT FOR REGISTERING BIRTHS AND DEATHS Whereas it is expedient to provide the means for a For power to make rules &s to the re~stra tion of _ complete register of births and births and deaths in Cantonments, see the Cantonments Pream bl e deaths. Act, 1924 (II of 192-l), s. 282 (1). 'SHORT TITLE-This short title was given by· the As to the voluntary registration of births and deaths, Amending Act, 1903 (I of 1903), Sch. I, printed in the see the Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act, Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. I. p. 738. 1886 (VI of 1886), in Vol. II of the General Acts, 1873- 86, 5th edition, p. 483. LocAL Exn:n-Since this Act contains no local extent clause, it must be taken to have been intended As to the transmission to the Registrar-General of to extend to the whole of the former .?rovince of Bengal ; Births and Deaths in England of registers of, or docu but it applies only to areas specially notified under s. 1. ments showing, births and deaths of officers and soldiers The application of the Act is barred in the Chittagong and their families abroad, see the Registration of Births, Hill-tracts by the Chittagong Hill-tracts Regulation, 1900 Deaths and Marriages (Army) Act, 1879 (42 and 43 Viet .• (I of 1900), s. 4 (2), printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. c. 8), in the Collection of Statutes relating to India, Vol. 1913-1915, Vol. I, p. 790. I, Ed. 1013, p. 530. OTHER ENACTMENTS-As to the registration of births As to the duties of Registrars of Births in connection and deaths, under the present Act, in Provincial Munici with the vaccination of children, see the Bengal Vaccina palities, see the Bengal Municipal Act, 1884 (Ben. Act III tion Act, 1880 (Ben. Act V of 1880), ss. 18 to 24, printed of 188-l), Pt. XI, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913- in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. II, pp. 475 and 1915, Vol II, p. 8-15. 476. As to the re~ristration of births and deaths in the Calcutta Municipality, see the Calcutta Municipal Act. (Secti011s 1-4) 1923 (Ben. Act III of 1923), Ch. XXXI, printed in the It is hereby enacted as follows :- supplement to the fourth edition of the Bengal Code, p. 633. 1. The. Lieutenant-Governor' may at any time, by a As to the registration of births and deaths under the notification• published in Calcutta Gazette, direct &ngal Local Self-Government Act of 1885 (Ben. Act III that all births and deaths, or all of 1885), su s. 114 of that Act, printed in the Bengal Power to direct re- births or all deaths, occurring Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. II, p. 953. gistration of births within the limits of any area and deaths and after a certain date to be named As to reports by village chaukidars of births and define area in such notification shall be deaths, ~~~ the Village Chaukidari Act, 1870 (Ben. Act registered, and for that purpose may define the limits VI of 1870), s. 39, cl 7th, printed in the Bengal Code, of such area. Ed. 11l13-1915, Vol II, p. 183. As to registration of births and deaths under the ' Now the Governor in Council of Fort William in Bengal Village Self-Government Act, 1919 (Ben. Act V Bengal-see the Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and Assam of 1919), 1t>e s. 26 (3) of that Act, printed in the supple Laws Act. 1912 (VII of 1912), s. 3, and Sch. D. items 1 ment to the fourth edition of the Bengal Code, p. 135. and 2. printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. I, As to reports by chaukidars of births and deaths, see p. 776. the Bencal Villaie ~lf~vernment Act, 1919 (Ben. Act V of 1919}, s. 23 (J) (t"ii), printed in the supplement to • For such notifications. see the Bengal Local Statutory the fourth edition of the Ben~ral Code, p. 133. Rules and Orders, 192-1, Vol. I, part VI. 63 He shall obtain in writing, if possible, and if it is From and after such date this Act. shall apply to the impossible for him to obtain in wri~ he shall obtain whole of the area so defined. · verbally, from any person who is bound to give informa 2. The Magistrate of the district' mc:y, f~r the purpose tion of the birth or death all particulars which are of such registration, divide any such a:ea mto such and required to be kn0\\..'11 and registered and he shall report so many distncts as be may such particulars to the registrar. Magistrate may think fit and may appoint one divide area into or more 'persons to he registrars districts and. may of births or of deaths, or of births Any chaukidar or other village-watchman or other appoint regiStrars and deaths, within such district, person so appointed who wilfully or negligently refuses or omits to produce such writing, , and may at any time for sufficient reason ?ismiss any Penalty for neglect if any, or to report such birth such registrar and may fill up any vacancy m the office or death, shall be punishable at the discretion of the of registrar. Magistrate with fine which may extend to two rupees. The Magistrate shall cause to he published ~ list containing the name and place of office of ever:y r~g1strar 7. The father or mother of every child born within l\1 a i 8 t r a 1 e to in the area, and spec!-fymg ~he such area, or in case of the death, illness, absence or ubl~h list of regis- hours of the day durmg whic_h inability of the father and frars such registrar shall attend at his Persons bound to mother, the midwife assisting at office for the purpose of registration. give uuormation of the birth of such · child, shall. 3. Every registrar shall have an office within the birth within eight days next after the district of which he is appointed registrar, and shall day of every such birth, give information, either cause his name, with the addition personally or in writing, to the registrar of the district, Every registrar to of registrar of births (or of or by means of the chaukidaT or other village-watchman, have an office with- deaths, or of births and deaths or other person as provided in the last preceding section, in his distrid according to his appointment) according to the best of his or her knowledge and belief, for the district for which he is so appointed, and notice of the several particulars hereby required to be known of the hours during which he will attend for the purpose and registered touching the birth of such child. of registration, to he affixed in some conspicuous place on or near the outer door of his office. Any person who refuses or neglects te ~ive any 4. The 1\lagistrate shall cause to be prepared a information, which it is his duty to give under thi.i sufficient number of register-books for making entries • section, shall be punishable at of all births or deaths or both, Penalty for neglect the discretion of the Magistrate 1\lagistrate to have according to such forms as the with fine which may extend to five rupees: register-books pre- Lieutenant-Governor• may from pared and number- time to time sanction ; and the ed pages of such books shall be Provided that not more- than one person shall be punishable at the discretion of the Ma~trate for such numbered progressively from the beginning to the end; refusal or neglect to give information. and every place of entry shall be also numbered pro gressively from the beginning to the end of the bo_ok. and every entry shall be divided from the followmg entry by a line. (Sections 5-7) (Sections 8-10) 5. Every registrar shall inform himself carefully of 8. The nearest male relative of the deceased present every birth, or of t!very death, or of both, according to his appointment, which shall at the death, or in attendance during the last illness R~gistrar to inform happen in his district, and shall of any person dying, within such Persons bound to area, or in the absence of any ~lf ~f. and register as soon as conveniently give uuormaUon of register, births and • . such relative, the occupier of the deaths may he after the event, Without death fee or reward, the particulars house, or, if the occupier be the required to he registered, according to the forms person who shall have died, some male inmate of the mentioned in the last preceding section, touching every house in which such death shall have happened, shall such birth or every such death, as the case may be, within eight days next after the day of such death, give which shall not have been already registered. information either personally or in writing to the registrar of the district', or by means of the chaukidaT 6. Every chaukidar or other village-watchman in any or other village-watchman or other person as provided area t:> which this Act shall apply, or, where there is no in section 6, according to the best of his knowledge chaukidar or other village-watch and belief, of the several particulars hereby required Cbaukidar to obtain man, such person as the Magis to be known and registered touching the death of such particulars and to trate may appoint, shall be re person: report to registrar quired to report every birth or death occurring within his heat to such registrar and Provided that no person shall be bound to give the at such periods as the Magistrate may direct. name of any female relative. 'Now District 1\lagistra~see the Code of Criminal Procedure, 18!l8 (Act V of 1E9S), s. 3 (2). ' Or any sub-registrar appointed for a burning-ghat or burial ground-see the Bengal Municipal Act, 1884 (Ben. •Now the Governor in Council of Fort William in Act III of 188-l), s. 348, printed in the Be~al Code, Ed. Bengal-see the Bengal, B;har and Orissa and Assam 1913-1915, Vol. II, p. 8!5. Laws Act, 1912 (YII of 1912), s. 3, and Sch. D. items 1 and 2, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. I, As to duty of Medical Officer-in-Charge of Hospital to p. 7i6. give notice of death, see ibid., s. 3t9, printed ibid., p. 8-15. 9& Any person who refuses or ne$tlects to ,Ove any (Section.s 11, 12) information ~A·hich it is his duty to give under .this 11. In any place to which the District Municipal section. shall be punishable at the lmprovement Act' shall have been extended, the F~ulty for •~elect discretion of the .Magistrate with ~D. Act W of .Municipal Commissioners may, fine which may extend to five rupees; 186-1 if at a meeting specially con l\lunicipality under vened for considering such ~n. Act W of l8U question they shall so determine, Provided that not more than one person shall be may arrange for arrange for keeping a register punishable for such refusal or neglect to ~ve informa- keeping register of of all births or of all deaths or ' Uo11. births or deaths or of all births and deaths, occur- both ring within the municipality. On and after a date to be fixed at such meeting, the 9. Any registrar' who refuses or neglects to register Commissioners shall in such case be authorized to pro any birth or death occurring within his district, which vide out of the municipal fund for the employment of a F~Dalty for registrar he is bound ~o register, within sufficient number of registrars, and for the expenditure refwdnr &o ~r a reasonable trme after he shall necessary for the maintenance of such registers, and have been duly informed thereof, shall exercise all the powers of a Magistrate under this or demands or accepts any fee or reward or other Act ; and all the provisions of this Act shall be deemed gratification as a consideration for making such registry, to apply to such place. shall be punishable at the discretion of the Magistrate with fine which may extend to fifty rupees for each 12. The Magistrate of a district' may depute any such refusal or neglect. subordinate Magistrate to exercise the powers and to perform the duties vested in the Magistrate may de Magistrate by this Act, within pute subordinate such district or any part thereof. 10. Whoever wilfully makes or causes to be made, .1\lagistrate to dis for the purpose of being inserted in any register of charge his functions r~ulty for wlllully births or d~aths, any false stat~ &1v~ false lnfor- ment touching any of the parti ' Ben. Act III of 1864 was repealed by Ben. Act V of mation culars required to be known and 1876, which again has been repealed and re-enacted by registered, shall be punishable the Bengal Municipal Act, 1884 (Ben. Act III of 1884), at the discretion of the Magistrate with a fine not exceed and this reference should now be taken to be made to ing fifty rupees. the latter Act-see s. 2 thereof, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. II, p. 710. ' Or any sub-registrar appointed for a burning ghat • Now District Magistrate-see the Code of Criminal or a burial ground-see ibid., s. 348, printed ibid., p. 845. Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898), s. 3 (2). APPENDIX I Mile~tones ln the development of vital statistics in India and outside 1S36 England Promulgation of Births, Marriages and Death& Regiijtration Act. 1S75 Enjtland • Compulsory registration of live births, deatha and marriagee. 19:!7 England • Compulsory registration of still births. 1~ United States • Compulsory registration of live births, still birth&, death• and marriages. 1816 United States • First year of separately published official birth statistics for · Birth Registration area of United States. 1SS8 • India , Births, Deaths and :Marriage Rl'gistration Act: voluntary and for marriages not in effect for Hindu or .Muslim communities. 1S73 , Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act. Hlt~j • Madras , Births and Deaths Registration Act, l93:l Coorg Births and Deaths Rt>gbtration Act. 1113.\ • Aaeam , Births and Deaths Registration Act. APPENDIX U A ~&lender of registration of vital events from 1870 in Bengal 18~1) Dr-. the by 8l'X, by months, by causes, n&ml'ly cholera, small-pox, fever, bowel complain til, in_iunee, namely anicide, wounds and aoc.idl'nta, anake bites or killed by wild anima1J, aU other ca~. Total deatha irom all caUl!<•, l>Ntha by a~. namely born dMd, not exceeding 1 year, 1 year to 8 years, 8 yE"ars to 12 years, 12 years to !!0 ~ 20 yean to 30 yean, 30 yean to .W years, .W yean to t;() yl'an, 60 years to 60 yean, and exceeding ooy.. n. O.,atha by oommonitiNI, namely Hindu•, lluMlim.•, Christians and other ciaMee. llirtha by communities. naml'ly Hindu~. lJW APPENDIX ll-contd. 1K75 :}No change. . 1M76 1877 • Deaths from suicide a{!cording to sex. 1S78 1879 change. lbSO ~}No 1881 • Deaths by age according to 0-1 year, 1-5 years, 5-l~ year!!, 10-15 years, 15-20 yeal'8, 20-30 years, 1882 30-40 years, 40-50 years, 50-60 ~ears and exceeding ~0 years. 18s3 1ss4 1~:~ss 1sstl No change. 1887 1sss 1889 1s!lo 18!!1 Deaths from dysentery and diarrhoea by months. 1892 1893 18!!4 1895 1S!J6 No change. 1897 1898 1899 1!!00 Deaths-Registration of attacks and deaths from plague during each month. 1901 Deaths-Registration of deaths from plague. 1902 • Deaths-from respiratory diseases. · 1903 :}No change. 1!!04 1905 • Deaths-respiratory diseases by months. 19(16 • Deaths-from plague by months. 1!)07 1908 1909 1910 1911 }·h~· 1912 1913 . Deaths from rabies. 1914 1915 1916 1917 }odoogo. 1918 1919 1!!20 1921 • Monthly malaria reports of Hospitals and Dispensaries. 1922 • Deaths under one year as under heading under 1 month, between 1-6 months, 6-12 months, total, and 1--5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years, 15-20 years~ 20-30 years, 30-40 years, 40-50 years, 50-60 years, 60 upwards and deaths from causes-malaria, enteric fever, measles, relapsing fever, kala-azar, other fevers, dysentery and diarrhoea (shown separately), inftuenza, pneumonia, phthisis, other respiratory diseases and death from child birth. 1923 1924 :}No change. Hl25 • Monthly Kala-azar reports of Hospita.ls and Dispensaries. 19:!6 19:!7 1928 }• oh.ogo. 1929 1930 • Quarterly statements showing the working of the Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act, separately for the MunidpalititJS and the rural areas. 1931 Deaths under one month as under heading male--under one week, over one week, total and female--under one week, over one week, total and total under one month. 11132 Xo change. l\1:!3 • Registration of births according to chief communities.. 1934 Deaths of infants under one year by communities. 1\l:l.; ::>till births registered according to communities and sex. 1936 Deaths from cerebrospinal fever, typhus fever, black water fever, whooping cough, beri beri, acute poliomye- litis, diphtheria, chicken pox, mumps, T. B. of joints, other tubercular diseaaes, leprosy and cancer. 1\137 1\13~ :1xo change. 19:\9 •J 1940 • Deaths from snake bites and killed by wild animals (shown separately), anthrax, epidemic dropsy, T. B. of meninges and homicide. - 66 APPENDIX D~ncld. 1~1 ·~2 So change. ·~ It« ·~ ·J lWG • Ikatha under one month ae under heading mal&-within 24 hours. one day ~ one week, ooe week ~ ooe month ~tal. female-within 2-& hours, one day ~ one week, one week ~ one mont.h, ~&AI aud ~tal of under one' month, between 1 and 3 months, between 3 months to 6 months, between 6 montha ~ 1i mootha and under 1yeaz. ·~7 1~8 1~9 • So change. 1950 1951 APPENDIX m List of Notifiable Diseases 1-J. C.Jctl#a Gnd Hoti1Nllt ll-1• oiMr .Mvnicipaliliu 1 Cholt.ra 1 Anthru: 2 Chicken poi 2 Small-poi 3 Dysentery, both Bacillary and Amoebic 3 MeaeiM 4 Measles 4 Yellow fever 5 Relapsing fever 6 Whooping ooogh • 6 TuberculOIIis of all forma 6 Jnfluenaa 7 Typhus fever 7 Pneumonia 8 Whooping cough 8 Enteric fever 9 Yellow fever 10 lnJiuenzal pneumonia 9 Plague . 11 Leprosy 10 Cerebrospinal:rdeningitia 12 Epidemic dropsy 11 _Diphtheria 13 Diphtheria U Leproey 13 TubereulOiiia (all forma) IlL-I• Rural Arecu 1 Cholera U Anthru 2 Small-poi 15 DyRntery (Amoebie and BaciUary) 3 ID.IIuenaa 16 Relap.ing fuver 4 Typhoid fever 17 Typhua fner 6 TyphU'I fever 18 Epi 8 lleri Beri 9 Pla~rne 67 APPENDIX IV Births and Deaths since 1870 in Districts of West Bengal Burdwan Blrbhum Bankura Mldnapur Hooghly Howrah 24-Parganaa Yeara ,--A---. .----"---.. .----"----.. .----"----.. .----"----.. ~ .---'---.. B D B D B D B D B D B .D b D 1870 9,726 2.032 2,298 3,174 :1,32!; 512 6,326 1M71 .. 1872 29,864 14,94i 2,793 11,881 5,566 s,3i2 17,173 1873 333 25,9&3 192 13,274 638 4,077 21,210 1,642 6,841 6,057 674 19,725 1874 7M6 1,923 209 3,361 583 1,168 5.531 6,294 2,341 2,984 2,827 4,934 1,407 1,016 1876 1,418 2,699 194 2,047 772 1,005 3,47R ~.3~2 2,629 3,171 2,606 6,652 1,288 1,724 1~76 1,729 3,033 203 5,320 914 1,255 4,226 £,707 4,042 6,390 2,018 3,781 979 1,697 1877 2,155 25,317 14,215 17,937 8,953 7,089 4,510 l4,1&3 6,112 8,272 11,148 13,853 37,732 37,412 1878 1,1:39 39,360 148 17,253 1,070 12,629 976 44,290 862 9,337 1,620 13,615 ' D,402 6!;,478 1Hi9 1,026 35,825 143 11,816 947 9,452 886 30,020 665 5,764 1,098 7,465 4,623 26,466 1880 632 29,327 17,971 1,242 14,694 715 39,511 756 11,874 1,079 10,285 4,406 41,413 1H~1 739 41,010 25,557 1,101 27,284 &25 56,871 858 15,686 2,079 11,652 6,102 38,667 1882 940 49,297 27,285 1,037 33,559 405 62,019 871 16,378 1,863 9,589 6,470 33,620 1H83 966 39,092 20,634 1,150 21,121 518 !;1,846 802 14,206 1,951 12,145 6,559 32,403 1884 882 33,198 20,668 1,220 19,033 716 50,773 1,022 13,486 2,789 12,357 6,418 31,713 18Ho 936 35,526 2,248 1,100 18,943 611 51,324 963 16,391 2,470 13,592 6,429 31,703 1886 763 27,126 16,256 894 17,615 517 53,114 1,679 13,994· 2,191 11,870 6,017 40,539 1~87 1,141 27,046 21,168 815 16,624' 1,452 55,424 1,925 13,384 2,022 12,682 8,338 46,634 1~M8 1,458 29,627 106 21,057 870 19,498 1,603 59,209 2,285 15,464 2,162 14,867 8,803 41:1,197 1~89 1,643 33,918 129 21,738 941 21,711 1,886 68,299 301 16,623 2,418 15,107 6,035 32,573 1~\lO 1,357 28,251 117 19,474 1,105 18,601 2.015 61,832 2,619 16,595 2,221 16,064 4,810 36,900 18!ll 1,391 86,825 122 24,512 1,263 20,678 2,138 7,458 1,272 19,693 2,351 18,500 6,170 ,46,785 1~92 84,977 46,443 22,204 26,297 25,882 23,727 66,814 81,207 23,014 35,565 20,250 3,307 39,242 19,185 1893 48,430 86,196 32,409 23.172 34,966 20,943 87,105 66,516 38,638 33,588 24,773 18,488 64,708 41,101 1894 40,980 48,119 25,925 28.6~6 34,869 33,067 77,487 73,066 29,008 86,728 24,146 20,991 48,908 45,050 1890 41,638 48,002 28,888 26,448, 84,837 30,771 93,694 73,677 28,183 40,oo:; 25,013 25,379 48,693 65,082 1896 43,313 47,952 29,o3o 26,120 41,698 32,657 88,773 80,637 27,794 40,159 24,973 25,081 48,863 65,882 1897 46,111 41,559 32,062 23,738 88,431 28,546 94,762 74,549 31,885 83,999 27,970 22,391 59,607 46,212 1898 45,822 29,866 81,983 17,157 38,101 20,104 91,108 6~,040 27,799 29,895 25,975 22,156 62,938 42,135 1899 02,454 36,168 85,054 20.526 44,063 22,480 105,235 66,188 81,214 31,006 27,720 25,386 60,533 61,730 1900 47,271 45,292 32,387 22,355 40,654 25,493 95,574 76,314 29,511 35,569 27,528 28,802 60,625 66,127 Census population 1901 1,528,290 906,891 , 1,116,411 2,789,114 1,049,041 850,514 2,165,981. 1901 48,461 45,310 34,401 23,089 40,299 30,203 89,620 92,728 29,736 87,287 26,287 26,942 67,676. 48,194 1902 51,123 52,553 34,367 24.117 87,222 37,061 86,033 115,106 81,559 42,668 26,882 29,996 66,14' 62,480 1903 48,401 50,185 83,722 24.882 37,169 35,687 9:3,543 86,759 80,311 39,465 25,970 28,942 66,901 64,799 1904 57,671 44,306 86,768 26,156 43,2&9 27,883 102,860 71,948 36,662 34,583 31,253 26,186 69,657 68,528 1~05 50,332 64,529 30,918 29,876 40,488 34,364 93,056 93,839 33,796 37,621 29,084 28,288 68,647 60,477 1~06 45,384 53,699 27,711 36,040 39,735 84,010 87,844 100,698 30,363 34,138 26,280 26,198 64,111 69,214 1!107 &0,958 64,901 50,953 64,901 41,&50 38,331 91,789 99,272 34,274 42,729 28,862 29,309 63,952 66,974 1908 40,326 68,392 25,956 44,117 33,872 42,576 91,204 85,911 31,787 37,579 28,216 24,932 71,580 69,94-l 1909 48,872 89,763 81,856 25.397 38,463 30,317 97,799 62,836 36,232 30,329 28,203 22,033 79,988 49,148 1010 52,894 40,951 36,052 24,879 48,529 31,987 97,522 67,211 35,986 29,765 28,890 20,153 74,489 61,&30 Crnsus population 1911 1,638,874 940,162 1,138,670 2,821,201 1,090,097 943,602 2,478,336 1911 49,484 41,890 84,687 27,499 43,607 32,122 95,202 72,109 36,818 33,561 30,320 22,488 80,616 60,424 1!112 46,572 48,894 82,109 32.288 40,734 33,801 89,815 94,875 34,446 38,333 31,189 26,598 76,645 72,857 1913 45,075 4,(1,781 83,419 30,819 40,064 40,389 81,877 88,531 29,930 37,824 28,318 28,368 67,677 1\l\4 64,385 46,796 59,907 32,379 43,702 38,681 4&,062 90,417 77,289 30,497 34,739 28,913 27,076 73,340 62,208 1!115 38,933 53,728 22,598 41.649 33.451 38,196 88,125 88,003 31,387 35,601 28,400 26,917 66,698 l\116 71,688 49,672 49,616 31,276 30,703 86,012 35,777 83,869 82,657 33,640 34,018 31,012 22,610 67,443 64,192 1!117 &3,386 45,935 35,405 24,568 84,617 31,144 85,662 78,969 35,945 33,704 29,846 24,344 75,129 61,18' 1~'18 44,586 79,689 32,338 46,418 87,219 56,981 78,206 107,385 • 27,995 51,459 27,242 30,369 69,509 73,219 1!>19 82,667 77,676 22,174 &8,252 28,482 41,588 68,410 113,260 23,454 89,361 25,432 33,086 117,667 85,436 1~20 39,675 56,642 25,836 40,876 34,386 38,428 75,531 97,895 29,955 38,759 28,055 34,011 69,718 85,147 Crnsus population 1921 1,484,771 851,725 1,019,941 2,666,660 1,060,142 997,403 2,636,710 11>~1 39,489 62,532 28,342 32,548 82,134 39,035 70,655 82,462 27,543 34,999 26,518 28,695 56,934 77,665 ~~~~~ 42,752 89.007 29,970 22,436 85,961 27,403 76,589 64,396 28,111 29,036 26,345 25,695 64,839 64,014 lU:!.:J 43,508 87,329 81,662 22.969 84,369 24,732 77,033 62,874 30,720 27,367 29,175 22,164 66,254 tn:!-t 89,503 86,352 81,371 61,414 24.221 34,188 28,387 72,568 65,889 27,396 27,658 27,217 24,246 58,452 63,2'12 ~~~!) 47,868 35,276 87,010 21,076 88,2&8 24,201 79,273 60,044 28,831 27,804 27,506 24,434 64,125 68,987 1~1:!6 45.038 36,880 35,427 24.778 40,070 25,640 82,205 67,235 26,958 26,504 28,207 30,728 64,441 1927 42,888 87,921 65,819 81,036 24,663 82,435 25.798 69,936 64,229 24,291 26,229 24,345 29,010 57,008 &3,225 IH:!S 41,636 37,576 31,762 25,059 35,214 23,986 79,848 63,838 27,510 27,922 27,754 1929 26,062 68,067 59,597 45,061 35,297 35,290 21,701 88,043 27,187 87,651 57,313 27,643 21,828 26,960 21,829 73,749 1930 36,810 33,817 52,451 34,901 24,338 31,086 25,936 74,225 55,730 25,8-!0 22,045 24,820 21,202 66,184 48,616 CeMllll population 1981 1,675,699 947,564 1,111,721 2,799,093 1,114,255 1,098,867 2,888,694 l\\!ll 42,599 35,253 85,699 27.827 31,468 25,434 78,016 62,958 27,835 22,804 28,208 20,325 73,761 1!1:12 39.310 84,611 81,482 48.682 27,145 28,182 21,406 72,045 58,73! 27,314 2:l,856 27,270 19,537 68,819 48,217 1!1:\3 46,649 89,103 88,1~1 29,752 Htt4 84,102 27,440 81,727 61,497 31,721 26,000 29,420 21,2114 71,532 45,397 40,187 89.216 80.670 31.496 34.433 30,005 78.173 62.202 30,169 25,345 29,680 21,777 77,640 1 ~t~5 48,928 52,522 31,522 85,536 24.549 35,708 26.449 91,998 62,167 38,030 24,506 32,821 22,515 87,320 1~:\6 46.838 27,210 87,519 56,880 23.113 42,295 23,715 87,844 63,331 37,841 26,562 33,155 25,356 79,719 &3,429 1~:17 44.411 29,260 25,621 24.713 41,019 27,210 84.813 61,274 38,550 )\l:>8 25,458 32,831 21,124 79,621 68,H9 46.847 43.688 84.091 28,623 39,7a 28,512 81,463 66,290 31,983 30,769 28,036 24,127 71,967 tu:~~ 45.773 45.059 30.894 59,329 29.217 88.593 2~.634 89,~85 61,052 30,221 24,319 81,343 21,097 86,314 47,1191 1~40 52,208 36,769 84,761 22.246 38,642 24,800 90,6o7 51,1158 87,436 20,680 31,159 18,196 90,785 48,933 C•·nroa population 1941 1,890,732 1,048,317 1,289,640 3,190,f>47 1,377,729 1,490,304 3,669,490 1941 50.502 36,518 311.014 28.173 27,042 54,342 H••2 36,930 82.120 36,450 22,216 29,404 20,6&11 88,790 57,903 52,845 84.301 87.0!l8 22.840 38.816 25.3~1 ';1,786 50,635 8~.324 21,159 1!14~ 23,528 17,027 80,868 49,170 42.~28 47,467 83.2~1 40.4~9 33,808 40,170 74.319 124,739 82,~40 27,495 l~H 25,590 34,67! 63,3a5 oo,sa1 85.3!i7 48.6!\1 21.691 41.200 • !!4,160 31.484 6a.792 79,124 2S,610 1~~~ 29.385 27,817 39,816 51,7~5 84,65(1 38.797 M,349 24.626 29.947 81,163 2".91~ ~5.249 57,561 2ii.~92 25,{171 1~~6 26,580 28.813 &3,078 57,077 #.~48 85.5111 30,:l05 31,761 3~.4~0 ~:i.'2:l4- ~{12f:\5 &3,2i9 35,0~6 l~-li 22,199 26,775 24,509 74.574 48,340 40,~16 85.614 22.2!17 26.903 29.471 ~•'.&4!! l~l.S 71,924 1·7,6:34 80,039 2~,904 21.647 21.313 59,138 87.171 S4.H4 ~6.247 45,176 lq4\) 22.997 27.480 :!4.52~ 76.521 6~.273 26,564 22,2~4 20,572 24,4U7 fil,868 40,1\f; 82,5W 26.51'8 24.G80 49,105 l•:.o 29,945 23,156 78.366 59.949 27,8114 211,645 21,6li7 22,076 64,172 47,4i)3 85,548 80,413 20,431 23,410 25,421 21,484 74,404 53,427 26,254 19,237 21,337 20,&;9 60,684 42,172 C<'tl APPD"l>lX IV--concld. Births and Deaths since 1871 ID Districts of W~t Bengal--concld. }(adla ,_ ,...... Calnaua ,...... llllll8hldabad,...... Wee,DiuJpar,.._...___._ Jalpalgurl D~lq Maida ~ ~ .----.. • D B D B D B D B D B D B D l't7CI 1,4127 1,158 1,877 11241- 3:.6 lot71 1.0114 1~71 8,8.i 7,4~i n,o6i %,03i 7:>3 I,!Ml 1•71 l,a&i 174 8414 8S 1.;H 7t17 1.r.es 1.ooi fl.ld 283 ;o8 4133 lJ~ l,O~Q 618 1,7~ 1,1!41 1,0511 1114 ll:Od 1!08 114 231 ll40 llll ....)5 l,o:.o .... u~i 12.8414 1,34S 3,0oJS S,i&G 1,0411 847 1,1111) 2.)t 1,2,;5 t.:no 1'"77 1,4~7 13,704 U,IIIO 47,4.•4 30,2ii 3»,000 81,o27 40.~~ 2,343 s.;95 67:i 1,l.,.ll 1S,~S7"'" 2J,4~8 l•a 1,4U 44,8,.1 1,103 3~,,;Yl! 56 lltl,at•tl !>,I~IQ 48 1,678 2Jtl IG,IU l~il 41,409 13,044 1,1t!6 8f>,lt17 1,131 2:l,24tl 641 21!,8711 7tl "" r..a~ll 8~ 7011 1114 lo.~:ltl I~ 7,6~i 11,6t11 1,1111 611,4:.0 :~t,f>63 33,8~11 i,l'l;jl 61!1 1!211 11,1174 1"'•1 1,144 84,1!441 37,7t'7 211,481 11.266 u 1,0.'>11 16,0<16 18o APPENDIX V Good and bad registratioa areas by districts of West Bengal : Birth rate-Municipalities-1949 (Per mille of population) District Below 10 p.m. Between 10 and 20 p.m. Above 20 p.m. Burdwan • Asa.nsol Burdwan , Kalna Katwa • .· D&inhat Raniganj Birbhum Suri Bankora Bankura • Sonamukhi Biahnupur Midnapur , Kharar. • Midnapur , Chandrakona Ghatal • Ramjibanpur Tamluk Khirpai Hooghly • Rishra • Konnagar Hooghly-Chinsurah Bansberia Baidyabati Arambag Uttarpara Serampur Kotrung Bh&dreshwar Champdani Holli'T&h • Howrah Bally 24-Pargana.s , • Tollyganj , · Garden Reach • DumDum Kh&rdah , Baruipur • Baranagar Panihati Budge Budge Barrackpur Raj pur Naihati North Dum Dum Haliaahar • South Dum Dum Kanohra para , Garul.ia Barasat • • North Barrackpur Gobardanga • Taki South Suburbs Ill Jaynagar-Majilpur Bhatpara) Kamarhati Basirhat Titagarh Baduri& Calcutta • Calontta Nadia • Ra.naghat • Birnagar Krishnagar Chakdah· • Nabadwip Santipur llurshidabad. • • Jiaganj-A.&imganj • • llurshidabad • Berhampur K.andi • Jangipur Dhulian Jalpaiguri Jalp&iguri Darjeeling Darjoeling Klllll80ng Kalimpong ~da. • • Englishbu&r Old MaYa 1 CENStil 10 70 APPDDIX V-contd. Good u4 bad re~~stratloa areas b7 districts of West Beapl: Birtb rale-PoUee S&atlou-1949 Below 10 p.m. Beb·een 10 ADd 20 p.m. Abon20p.m. . . . Kald • Bardwan SalanplU' • llemari K..hADdaghoeJa • Galsi llanteswar • Ausgram .Jamuria 0 Kalna Katwa Ketogram Faridplll' Kanba Aaanaol Raniganj Ondal Raina Jamalpur Bhatar PurbasthaU llangalkot Barabani Blrbham Sainthia • Moham.madbaaar Dobrajplll' o Nalhati lllambazar Bolplll' Nanoor Ramporhat Mayureswar Burl Rajnagar Khayraaol Lab pur Morarai · Bankara • • Indal • • Bankora • Taldangra Barjora • Saltora o , Ranibandh Mejhia Onda Jaypor Patrasair Gangajalghati lndpor Khatra Chhatna Simlapal Vishnupor Sonamukhi Kotulpur ~ipor Jam bani KJdoa~ • • l>uplll' •. o Khargpur Panakura o Dantan o Binpur Egra • o Moh&Dpur • Garhbeta Bankrt.il Debra o Moyna Keahpor Keehiari Pingla 0 • Narayangarh Ghatal Tamluk Butahata Pataaplll' Ramnagar Midnapur Salbani Jhargram &bang GopiballaYpnr Nayagram Ch&Ddrakona ll•hieadal NADdigram Contai Bbagwanplll' Jthedgrae '11 APPENDIX V-contd. Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal: Birth rate-Police Statio.u-1949-contd. District Below 10 p.m. Between 10 and 20 p.m. Above ~0 p.m. Hooghly • Magra • • Pandua • Chandita1a Polba • , Dhania.khali Haripal Balagarh Khanakul Tarakeswar Jangipara •. , Arambag Uttarpara. , Goghat Bhadreswa.r • • Pursura Chinsurah • Serampur Singur Ilowrah , Bally , Bagnan Domjur • Shyampur Sa.nkrail Jaga.cha J agatballavpur Panchla Uluberia Amta Bauria. 24-Pargana.s , , Tollyganj • DumDum Metiabruz Amdanga Budge Budge Raja.rha.t Baruipur • Basirhat Sonarpur Ha.snabad Bhangar , Sandeshkhali Jaynagar Baduria Noapara Ha.roa Titagarh Diamond Harbour Naihati • Kulpi Bijpur • • Falta Habra • , Sagar Behala • • Deganga Mahesh tala Bishnupur Canning Khardah • Jagaddal Barasat Gaighata Bangaon Swarupnagar Kakdwip Magrahat Mathurapur Nadia • • Chakdah Krishnagar • Chapra · Nabadwip Naka.sipara Tehatta Ranaghat Santipm Kaliganj Karimpur Krishnaganj Haringhata Hanskhali Murshidabad • • • o Berhampur Town • o Nawada Domkal Raninagar , • Sagardighi Murshidabad • • Raghunathganj Bharatpur Jalangi Kandi • • Samaerganj Khargram Hariharpara Nabagram Jiaganj Bhagwangula L&lgola Bunr1.11 Sat;i :Beldanga lOA '12 API"I:NDIX V--c:ontd. Good ud bacl recbtraUoa areaa by districts of West Beapl: Birth nte-PoUce SI&Uou-1949-c:oncld. Below 10 p.m. Be$,_ 10 and 20 p.m. AboYe 2Q p.m• llalda • • Kharba • Hari.ihchandrapur • • Englishba~a~ Kaliacbak Rataa • • • • Mani.kcbak Gajol • • Bamangola Maida Babibpur w.-Dinaipar Kushmandi • • Kumarganj Tapan • Raiganj Gangarampur • Hili Balurgha' • • Kaliagaoj ltahar • • Hemtabad Banahihari .Jalpaiguri • • • llainaguri • • Jalpaiguri • • Rajgaoj Alipur DuB.ra • Mal Falakata Kalchini Nagrakata Madarihat Matiali Kumarganj Dhupguri Dvjeeling • • • • Siliguri • • Klll'IIOOng Pulbazar • Phansidewa Jore-Bunglow • Sukhiapokri Kalimpong • • Rangli Rangliot Mirik Darjeeling Kharibari Garubathan Goocl and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : J)eatb rate-MunicipaUties-19C9 Bardwan • Burdwan Kalna Dainhat , Katwa Ranigaoj Aaanaol BirbhllDl • Suri Bankura • Bankura • Sonamukhi Vishnu pur Kidnapur • Kharar • Ghatal • Midnapur Tamluk • Khirpai Ramjibanpur Chaodrakona • Rishra : • Banaberia • Hooghly Kotrung • Arambag Serampur Champdani • • Baidyabati Konnagar • Bhadreewar Uttarpara • Bally • Howrah • Tollyganj • • Budge Budge • Bhatpara Garden Reach • Rajpur. • Baranagar Baruipur • • • Naihati Jaynagar M.ajilpur • • South Suburb1 DumDum • • Titagarh North Dum Dum South Dum Dum Garulia North Barrackpur Barrackpur Baliaahar Kanohrapara Kamarhati Barua' Khardah Paoiha&i Buirba' Gollardanp Taki :&dllria 73 APPENDIX V---contd. Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : Death rate-MUDicipalities-1949-Concld. District Below 10 p.m. Between 10 and 20 p.m. Above 20 p.m. Calcutta • Calcutta Nadia • Ranaghat • ~bnagar • • Nabadwip Bimagar Santipur Chakdah : Murshidabad. • Kandi • Murshidabad • • Berhampur Jiaganj Jangipur Dhulian Jalpaiguri Jalpaiguri Darjeeling Darjeeling Kurseong Kalimpong • EngliBhbazar • Old:Malda Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : Death rate-Police Stations-1949 District Below 15 p.m. Between 15 and 25 p.m. Above 25 p.m. Burdwan • .Asansol Burdwan • Ketugram Raniganj Jamalpur • Kanksa Ondal • •... Raina Jamuria Memari Barabani • Galsi Salanpur • Kalna Kulti • • • :Manteswar Khandaghosh Bhatar Ausgram Purbasthali Katwa · Mangalkot Faridpur Birbhum Murarai. • Suri Sainthia • Rajnagar Bolpur • • • Dubrajpur Nalhati • Dlambazar Rampurhat • • Labpur Muhammadbazar • • Nanoor Khayra.sol Mayureswar Bankora • Saltora • • Chhatna • GangajalghaU Simlapal • Mejhia • • • Barjora lndas • • Onda • • • Sonamukhl Taldangra lndpur Khatra Raipur Ranibandh. Jaypur Patrasair Kotulpur Ban.kura ViBbnupur Midnapur • • Tamlukt Khargpur Narayangarh Nandigram • • Garhbeta Keshiari Sutabata ·. Salbani. Pingla Contai ~ • Jbargram • Pataspur Ramnagar· • Binpur • • • Sabang Khedgree • Gopiballavpur Nayagram Daspur Mabisadal Panskura Bhagwanpur Midnapur Dantan Mohanpur Debra Keshput Jam.b&m 74 APPENDIX V-contd. DWriat :Below15p.m. Between 15 &o 25 p.m. Abo.e25p.m. lDdoapar--eoa&d. • Ghatal Chandrakona Moyna Egra Hoogh!J • . ChiDnrah . Serampur • • . Chanditala Magra • . Tarakeewar Balagarh . Jangipara Uttarpara . Arambag :Bhadrenrar . . Punmra Singur . Khanakul Haripal . Polba Goghat. Pandna Dhaniakhali Bowrab . Bally . Amta Domjur . :Bagnan Sankrail . Shyampur Jagacha Jagatballavpur Panchla Uluberia :Bauria 2'-Parganal • • Tollyganj . Amdanga :Behala. • . Deganga Mahesh tala . .. Habra . Baruipur . Gaighata :Bhangar . Bangaon Jaynagar . Nulpi Noa.para • Magrahat DumDum . Mathurapur Titagarh Metiabrua Budge Budge Sonarpur Biahnupur Canning Khardah Naihati Jagaddal Bijpur Barasa~ Raj arhat Baairha& Haanabad Sandeehkhali Swarupnagar Baduria Haroa Diamond Harbour Kaltdwip &J:r F ta Chapra. Ranagbat Nadia • ...~ • . Nakaaipara • • Haringh"ata Kaliganj • .. • • Hanskhali Tehatta ~ ~ • • Kriahna"&DJ Karim pur Santi pur Chakdah Kotwali Nabadwip Manlaidabacl. • Berhampur . • • • Domkal • • • • Banran Raninagar • • . Jalangi J\hagwangola • . Beldanga ~Ia. • . Hariharpara I'uti . . • • • Nawda Bashunal.hganJ • NabacraJD • Kunlaidabad 15 APPENDIX V-concld. Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : Death rate-Police Stations-1949-eoncld. District Below 15 p.m. Between 15 to 25 p.m. Above 25 p.m. Murshidabad--contd, Jiaganj Sagardighi Samserganj Bha.ratpur Kandi Khargram West 'Pinajpur , Gangarampur • Hili • Kuma.rga.nj Tapan • • Ra.iga.nj Kushmandi Ka.lia.ga.nj Balurghat • Hemta.ba.d ltahar , Ba.nsiha.ri Ja.lpaiguri • Mada.riha.t • Kotwali • Ra.jga.nj Mainaguri Ma.l Alipur Duars Nagrakata Dhupguri Ma.tiali Ktalchini Fala.kata. Kuma.rgra.Di Darjeeling • Kalimpong Jore Bunga.low Sa.da.r Pulba.za.r • Pha.nsidewa Mirik • • Khariba.ri Sukhiapokri Ra.ngli Ra.ngliot Ga.ruba.tha.n Kurseong Siliguri Maida • • Kharba • • Englishba.za.r • Ba.ma.ngola. Harishcha.ndrapur • Ma.nikcha.k Ha.bibpur Kalia.cha.k Maida Ratua. Gajol N.B.-Municipalities having less than 10 p.m. birth rate and 15 p.m. death rate are bad registration a.reas, Police Stations ha.ving less than 20 p.m. birth rate a.nd 15 p.m. death rate are bad registration areas. Pla.ces with more than 20 a.nd 30 p.m. birth rate for Municipalities and Police Stations and more than 20 and 25 p.m. tleath ll&te for Municipalities and Police Sta.tiona respectively are good registration areas. List of Agents-contd. [Continued from inner side of the front cove,.,] Jl:LLUNDUR CITY- NEW DELHI-contd. & Excelsior Book Depot, Baz Baharv~·ala. Oxford Book Stationery Coy., Scindia House: Ram Krishna & Sons (of Lahore), 13{13, Connaught Place, KANPUR- Saraswati Book Dep6t, 15, Lady Hardinge Road. Advani & Co., The Ivtall. Sikh Publishing House, Ltd., 7-C, Connaught Place. Sahitya Niketan. Universal Book Stall, The Mall. PATIALA- Jainco, Booksellers, etc., Bazar Shaha Nashin. KOLHAPUR- Maharashtra Grantha Bhandar. PATNA- Sohan Singh & Sons, Pirmohani, P. 0. Kadam Kuan. LUCKNOW- Supdt., Government Printing, Bihar, P. 0. Guizar Bagh. J. Ray & Sons (India), Ltd., Haza~at Ganj. Law Book Agency, 29-A, Kachery Road. PATNA CITY- New Oxford Book Co., Jehangirabad Palace. *Hindi Pustak Agency. Universal Publisher Ltd., Plaza Building, Hazarat Ganj. Lakshmi Trading Co., Padri-ki-Haveli. Upper India Publishing House, Ltd., Literature Place, Raghunath Parshad & Sons. Aminuddaula Park. POONA- . c LUDHIANA- Deccan Book Stall, Fergusson College Road. Lyall Book Dep6t. Express Book Service, East Street. !vir. Dharam Prakash, B.Sc., Banjiman Road. International Book Service, Deccan Gymkhana. MADRAs- PUDUKKOTTAI- Divine Trading Co., 22, Namashivaya Mudali Street, P. N. Swaminathan Sivam & Co., Perumal Vilas, .Bazar Triplicane. Street. 1 Higginbothams. K. Krishnamurthi, Mount Road. RAJKOT- Presidency Book Supplies, 8-C, Pycrofts Road, Oppo~ite Mohan Lal Dosabhai Shah. Victoria Hostel, Triplicane. · Supdt., Government Press, Mount Road. RANCHI- Varadachary & Co., Messrs. P. Ideal Book Store, Near Paristhan Theatre, Main Road. MANGALORE- ROORKEE- U. R .. Shenoy & Sons, Car Street. Camblidge Book DepOt. MEERUT CANTT.- SHILLONG- Mr. Dharam Prakash, B.Sc. Supdt., Assam Secretariat Press. SIMLA- MEERUT CITY- J. Ray & Sons {India), Ltd. Prakash Educations Stores, Near Tehsil. Azad Kitab Mahal, Stall No. 13. University Book Dep6t, Near Tehsil. Minerva Book Shop, Regal Cinema Building. Sunder Das & Sons, 14_1, Lower Bazar. MYSORE- J. Nanumal & Sons, Lansdowne Building. SlROHI- National Trading Co. NAGPUR- Supdt., Government Printing, Central Provinces. SURAT- . Sree Gajan Pustakalaya, Tower Road. NEW DELHI- TRICHINOPOLY FORT-· Amrit Book Co., Connaught Circus. Krishna Swami & Co., Messrs. S., Teppakulam. Bhavnani & Sons, Connaught Place. Bodh Raj 1\Iarv~•ah, Shop No. 65, Pussa Road Market, TRIVANDRUM- Karol Bagh. International Book House, 33, Valia Chalai. C_hift~:m & Co., Original Road, Karol Bagh. I:m~~re Book Depot, 278, Aliganj, Lodi Road. UDAIPUR- l·:ng_nsh Book Store, G-Block, Connaught Circus. Mewar Book Dep6t. l·aqtr Chand 1\~arwah & Sons, No. 1-A, Regal Building, Connaught C1rcus. UJJAIN- Ilarikishan Das Bedi~ R.S. 22, Annexe Feroze Shah Road. *l\Ianakchand Book DepOt, Patni Bazar. J .. Ray & Sons (Indta), Ltd., 2, Regal Building. Jam Book Agency, Connaught Place. \"ELLORE- Jayna Book Dep6t, Chapparwala Kuan, Karol Bagh. Venkatasubban, Mr. S., Law Bookseller. *For ~ndi ~blications only. <·B IJ56·0 Jto•rah 21,61!7 11,478 10,211 22,076 11o363 10,7~3 -1,26$ oao 81111 8111J·· IIU·II PrNidtiiCJ DlflllOD 183,8t8 138,661 111'1,087 189,633 91.00& 81,628 -8,0M -t,t77 + 7t,ll6 180°8 183'1 6,6a7 !!tl:t 2~,6~4 l>'•t 8,7~2 ll,Mll 1,1147 86,12& 1.769 3~.1~3 2Q2 42,ollll 19,3:111 3U2 6,1134 621 1,. ,4J3 1•110 1,825 82,676 1,627 26,438 262 41.~02 168 1\1,,77 8~8 6,2~0 6~3 1ti,Ji7 )M\11 1,8~7 71,682 1,61111 40,51111 214 68,2~3 20tl 21!,1~8 876 7,0t!7 1>43 ll,UO 1~\lt 8,123 1!,674 M,730 68,6~6 4l,M8 40,678 2.0~ 62,2711 17,12Q 23,61-!5 2.1100 11,026 22,1177 llti,l!tl4 1·~· s.4~i 20,113 81,578 80,11U 68,1~2 48,527 67,756 $0,202 2.),09~ 20,630 3,l;l8 1!,11~6 3,,1•ll 32,\IH 1 .... 4 l1,4:ltl 22,441 62,154 65,062 43,9110 4a,l34 1>1,566 611.1163 21,626 2;),2ti3 8,3118 11,646 27,4~6 3~.0i•6 1><~>& 10,\>45 27,031 C.7,l!53 63,8tl3 411.3:J3 87,183 64,678 66,011 23,0!!1 24.611 7,lll\O 8,3115 211,700 2<1,llli> 1•116 U,808 !14,356 6$,022 611,458 54,~6 40,113~ 61,113 68,681 ll3,613 27,l[ll 7,125 11,4<17 84,604 25,7~ft 1•117 U,584 24,1\65 71,480 42,1118 65,847 35,606 62,6'0 61,6<11 24,!!54 23,161' 7,2117 11,416 38,62!1 27,4112 1•\IIJ 11,630 20,343 68,664 36,3114 64,531 30,824 82,562 62,405 24,388 22,743 7,450 8,!!73 33,1!74 li~,U27 1H\18 11,004 ll$,,;23 76,758 60.807 60,1140 63,603 66,ij17 61,533 24,2,;0 23,450 8,VH 11,000 3!1,846 41,368 111110 10,773 811,72!! 80,884 63,1134 61,6011 "'·"0 62,432 67,11!>6 23,734 80,772 8,628 ll,Uij3 ~ popalaUoD 11101 820,833 773,!02 1,822,488 '56,601 644,1100 2~11.117 608,41411 1001 8,128 82,456 70,497 65,098 54,931 44,675' 69,51111 69,841 26,895 26,027 11,021 11,764 llllll 1!1,122 a1,no 86,478 88,&40 67,2~11 60,632 77,s:.;; 65,o5r 29,0~11 26,f>H.I 8,5311 8,11114 11'U3 IS,1Sll 2\l,i65 &11,643 67,11!10 65,242 48,4711 63,358 63,351 U,ll53 26,103 1!,013 11,767 111114 U,2f>O 27,323 72,004 66.370 68,2:16 61,753 67,782 63,578 27,600 27,443 II,Of•d 11,8f>2 1111>) 16,1137 82,11!1 62,102 77,818 63,446 66,152 70,1711 62,3116 28,006 26,037 8,9:!1 11,1J8 42,698 88,704 11106 16.0~3 80,2118 r.:t,6110 65.178 60,21& 49,292 6,047 10,573 11107 1&.224 31,1142 114,055 76,637 52,323 67,684 7,457 8,11[,6 1111111 17,048 27,6!!11 211,6118 29,756 61,017 46,086 2o,zi3 18,7o3 22,1168 23,768 8,610 8,950 21,o68 18,7211 111119 111,423 21!,1148 86,446 21,877 60,938 35,922 22,242 11!,1!89 21,6!<2 23,0111 8,551 ll,aul! 32,11!7 11!,246 UIO 17,106 23,728 86,862 25,1166 63,155 44,074 21,010 11!,723 23,4H 22,7114 9,311 11,661! 80,V112 1w,r.os c-.. popQ)aUoa 1811 898,012 776,986 1,845,073 6011,657 681,282 26S,660 6118,647 11111 111,616 24,896 82,1114 211,838 611,4n0 47,718 18,572 10,6311 23,464 24,814 0,151 11,831 29,064 26,721 IIIIi 111,426 25,209 81,513 80,065 611,411 60,702 20,042 18,6!!1 2~.388 2~,11U1 0,218 11,860 26,668 30,479 11111 18,3~6 26,188 30,64? 30,212 67,140 62,681 111,706 16,464 2~.117 21,3M II,Ui4 10,741 27,696 24,922 11114 17,3•6 2:.,431 29,563 40,4~2 66,3111 70,224 111,722 17,846 23,1211 21.~48 8,i:Jl 9,7911 27,714 211,764 111U 18,678 25,600 2~.1!16 81,697 44,714 62,0411 20,101 18,731 23,381 21,6110 g,on 11,621 23,721 2l!,u611 lllltl 18,737 22.0118 26,473 26,7\16 61,240 45,742 17,756 17,126 21,356 21,533 8,403 10,661 26,846 22,744 . 11117 18,(;07 21,360 31,162 26,362 511,619 47,373 20,25$ 11!,056 23,6U 21.~05 11,349 10,243 80,227 22,136 l\1111 18,1611 81,371 24,8411 43,149 60,240 711,1160 18,7114 20,1:!56 21,5~9 31,1148 8,~!!3 14.110 24,039 311,428 1"111 18,f•t.l6 87,1'13t 20,718 84,7!<9 39,614 64,8118 16,016 22,129 20,450 26,881! 7,966 12,8i)6 21,418 27,aUII 111,1161 22,441 19,252 8,056 11,600 23,020 lt"~O ~ U,S71'> 85,276 28,658 81,623 ,7,868 o1,2l:io 18,200 21,683 ee.- poJIIli&Uoa 11121 1,0Sl,GII7 711,7041 1,224,181 4110,484 604,056 282,746 6811,174 20,176 8,368 12,102 24,427 111~1 17,308 80,3115 23,266 81,055 49,647 40,378 19,236 18,3110 20,176 20,0611 l\1!:1 17,3411 26,381 25,271 22,150 48,445 36,976 16,318 15,182 111,016 17.044 8,610 10,6116 20,218 14,6114 17,776 22,537 19,216 9,ol!6 11,426 24,686 17.~10 111~· 18,2111 23.~34 28,226 21,6aO 62,9711 33,846 17,780 1 ll,6t\6 81,881 2:0,042 21,6><8 62,31:!6 33,1105 17,1132 15,683 20,1106 20,458 0,4113 10,196 20,693 16,174 17,751 11,6J9 11,1!!4 27,11411 Ill~~~~· 20,348 8.),193 29,1156 25,7011 69,812 311,076 111,6110 17,043 19,1114 20,002 111:8 lri,l\111 87,378 20,332 22,7\H 41!,61111 43,627 15,678 16,45$ 17,4~2 11!1,237 9,<&76 t1,4611 20,417 lll,,;o7 16,740 St\,820 23,046 20,\l:ll 60,6116 62,669 111,617 17,3116 22,~114 17,~117 11,152 7,1128 23,6118 26,044 111~7 18,627 10,336 8,1!114 23,01(1 111,037 Ill!" 1!2,001 84,1111 24,6\13 21,6110 63,237 37,041 18,326 17,11211 22,30!1 ~2.7~11 112,1181 24,857 24,>\0S 65,012 35,406 14,834 U,411tl 22,244 17,7311 10,044 8,765 22,601 Ht,772 111~11 11,11117 8,837 111,011 IIIJO 2J,1U 81,18:> 2U,234 24,4011 48,1131! 40,481 13,648 14,2711 21,518 17,7411 2ll,246 7311,160 8111,1136 720,UO c- popa~au... teet l,U0,862 721,807 1,870,677 623,1177 11>,1 28.477 S0,662 25,608 28,1154 61,663 38,288 15,589 18,018 23,028 17,2118 11,764 8,086 !2,124 21,830 17,M71 11,4tl2 9,728 21,6411 Ul1i U.lltS Sli,Oll 23.~1! 22,410 60,1178 33,121 111,517 14,133 2:1,047 15,11a6 24,128 111,tl00 12,4~3 11,47ll 24,7111! 1~,11~4 1u~s 26,U43 s:..l73 27,\HO ~4.027 58,0111 38,770 18,601'1 H.~52 11,1145 10,2~ 11!,2111 ltl,l!l2 11>'4 !3.717 84,358 25,733 21,154 48,7113 41,837 1&,&1111 16,1141 24.~tll 21!,721 !:S,33!l U,U\13 211,662 11!,11116 04,3112 80,204 16,421 14,120 24,Mflf .... ,1:)8 l2,t11\l 10,3117 24,567 J4,5M7 111"' 21,u:l:g 12,4112 16,20111 }1114 30,4~5 37,144 80,623 17,0~4 &1!,463 St1,361 u.~u~ 16,246 25,4t14 10,378 26,212 1<1'17 2tl,t\3ri lli,4UII at,m!& 21,Sl•fl 60,61fl s;.~,;o 15,11211 16,1!40 25,347 21,1164 12,121!1 111,776 211,7311 16,utS3 25,4114 20,0113 1ll,2:J3 10,441 l\1,1211 14,547 I''"' 2"'.::.e s:>,5ae 24,3~8 22,lH6 61,4112 87,1:.0 16,611 14,2~· 2".2:.0 34,162 27,1113 17,"'62 411,1:•4 63,0~7 13,7111) 10,!lU~ 26,854 :.!I,. iS 1~.35. 11,152 20,4... la.;;e i"'' 111,11'10 11,4!!11 II,Wil6 U,620 1!<:,404 11HG ~~.73U 11,624 81,1>112 111,436 67,48!1 30,6741 13,1116 11,&1111 24,846 Biii,8GII 844,316 l-JIOIIOlla\loa I ell . 1,108,8111 840,303 ),1140,~30 r.ea.~4 845,702 10,717 18,!11 U.290 lfi,17CJ !ft,R~~ 111.318 611,7118 31,431 14,978 10,782 .25,930 !0,4311 11,308 11,221 1~1 U,lllli 10,2i3 Jll,I;IJ4 1,760 U•t II>,M37 24,6~4 811.4~6 111,12~ 65,116 3:1,3:13 tt,4~Y 11,111<1 23,i3" 10,~'" 9,6,8 ll,~M 1o,2:11 11,641 1 ... 1 111,,31! &:!,!!f\~ 2~,23>1 37,161 36,741 e.>,o;a 14,~17 12,165 llf,>