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BOARD OF DIRECTORS Name Designation Area E-mail Cellphone Sizwe Magagula Chairman / Westfalia Letaba [email protected] 083 401 8839 Clive Garrett Vice Chairman / ZZ2 Letaba [email protected] 082 376 5685 Athol Currie Past Chairman KwaZulu-Natal [email protected] 082 562 8065 Tracey Campbell Nelspruit Director Nelspruit [email protected] 071 303 1738 Edrean Ernst Letaba Director Letaba [email protected] 083 435 8489 Gavin Hearne Kiepersol Director Kiepersol [email protected] 078 460 8780 Carl Henning Soutpansberg Director Soutpansberg [email protected] 083 277 2770 Bongwe Vhahangwele Emerging Grower Representative Venda [email protected] 076 726 2173 Bram Snijder Technical Director Letaba [email protected] 082 789 2922 Derek Donkin CEO Subtrop [email protected] 083 258 5657 James Mehl Market access Subtrop [email protected] 078 761 0860 Johan Benade Financial Manager Subtrop [email protected] 083 415 9288 The papers in this Yearbook refl ect the authors’ opinions and do not necessarily constitute endorsement by SAAGA. Die referate in hierdie Jaarboek weerspieël die outeurs se menings en word nie noodwendig deur die SAAKV onderskryf nie. ISBN: 978-0-6399993-0-2 Distributed by / Versprei deur SAAGA, PO Box 866, TZANEEN 0850, Republic of South Africa Tel +27 15 306 6240 Fax +27 15 307 6792 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.avocado.co.za Publisher / Uitgewer Mediacom +27 (0)18 293 0622 E-mail: [email protected] Layout & design: Alouise J van Vuuren E-mail: [email protected] SOUTH AFRICAN AVOCADO GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION YEARBOOK 42, 2019 1 SAFT HEAD OFFICE SAFT ATLANTIC SAFT KILLARNEY COLDHARVEST (PTY) LTD COLDHARVEST BAYHEAD (PTY) LTD Oosbosch Street, Atlantic Drive, Atlantic Hills, Sati Road, Killarney Gardens, Oosbosch Street, 34 Kobe Road, Bayhead, Daljosaphat, Paarl, RSA Durbanville, Cape Town, RSA Cape Town, RSA Daljosaphat, Paarl, RSA Durban, RSA Tel: +27 (0)21 870 2500 Tel: +27 (0)21 421 7211 Tel: +27 (0)21 202 7400 Tel: +27 (0)21 870 2500 Tel: +27 (0)31 274 5200 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.saft.co.za www.saft.co.za www.saft.co.za www.saft.co.za www.saft.co.za TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Chairman’s report ENTOMOLOGY 72 Controlling the false codling moth, PATHOLOGY Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) with 6 Using phosphonate foliar sprays entomopathogenic nematodes for managing Phytophthora root WP Steyn, MS Daneel and AP Malan rot in avocado A McLeod, SL Masikane, P Novela, P Mohale, 76 Quantifying and controlling thrips JB Jolliffe and P Pieterse and scales in avocado PS Schoeman and L Linda 12 Validating spray timing for Cercospora spot MH Schoeman and R Kallideen POSTHARVEST 82 Further observations on the development of 22 Microbial biomes of South African a total soluble solids (TSS) based maturity/ avocado fruit ripening-effi cacy measurement tool for South F Viljoen, M Bill, Z van Rooyen, P Novela, L Chidamba and L Korsten African avocado fruit FJ Kruger, GO Volschenk and L Volschenk 30 Avocado sunblotch viroid in South Africa: 86 Laboratory investigation into the effect that Present status and future prospects AEC Jooste, L Mataung, Z Zwane and A Msweli the time period between harvest and the ap- plication of a balanced atmosphere has on the 34 Assessing the effect of rootstock quality and ripening patterns of South African and number of trunk injections on export avocado fruit (with some comparative Phytophthora cinnamomi root DNA SmartFresh results) quantities in avocado FJ Kruger, GO Volschenk and L Volschenk JB Jolliffe, EK Dann, SL Masikane, P Novela, P Mohale and A McLeod 92 Development of intermittent balanced atmosphere conditions for South African export HORTICULTURE avocados using currently available logistics 41 Pollination: In vitro, in nets and FJ Kruger, GO Volschenk and L Volschenk open trees; avocado fl ower 96 Managing the ‘Maluma’ avocado’s response characteristics and bee activity to storage, ripening and post-ripening ES du Toit, MM Bezuidenhout, MS Stanton and PJ Robbertse temperature settings FJ Kruger, GO Volschenk and L Volschenk 48 Water use of avocado orchards 100 Further observati ons and recommendations on – Year 2 E Mazhawu, AD Clulow, MJ Savage the manifestation and control of vascular stain- and NJ Taylor ing and grey pulp in ‘Maluma’ avocado fruit FJ Kruger, GO Volschenk and L Volschenk 52 Report on the incidence of diseases (anthracnose, stem-end rot) and 106 Packhouse misting of prochloraz: physiological disorders in ‘Hass’ Concentrations and other infl uencing factors MS Daneel and A Sippel avocados from Tzaneen region H Fotouo-M, M Glowacz, D Lemmer 110 First results from a study aimed at quantifying and D Sivakumar the effects that ridges have on the yield and 58 Soil health and the soil biota fruit quality of ‘Hass’ avocado JJ Bezuidenhout FJ Kruger and GO Volschenk SOUTH AFRICAN AVOCADO GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION YEARBOOK 42, 2019 3 Tindrum 19/108RR Sunny® 50 SC sit weer die Sonskyn terug in jou avokado boorde…. Verhoed dat jou ‘Pinkertons’ rammetjie uitnek raak... Verbeterde vrugvorm en vruggrootte verspreiding vir heerlike ‘Hass’ en vir verruklike ‘Fuerté’. Sunny® Onbehandel Na die midsomersnoei, sal die toediening van Sunny® 50 SC die vegetatiewe groei van die boom onderdruk om te verseker dat kosbare energie in die bome gestoor word vir volgende seisoen se oes. Praat gerus met jou naaste Philagro-agent oor betroubare avokadoprodukte wat werk. RAADPLEEG DIE PRODUKETIKET VIR VOLLEDIGE GEBRUIKSAANWYSINGS & -BEPERKINGS. Sunny® 50 SC, (Reg. nr. L5587 Wet Nr. 36 van 1947), bevat unikonasool, Skadelik. Sunny® is die gregistreerde handelsmerk van Aquamarine Ltd, London. Philagro Suid-Afrika (Edms) Bpk l Reg. nr.: 98/10658107 PostNet Suite #378, Privaatsak X025, Lynnwoodrif 0040 Pretoria: 012 348 8808 l Somerset Wes: 021 851 4163 www.philagro.co.za PRODUKTE WAT WERK VAN MENSE WAT OMGEE CHAIRMAN’S REPORT 2019 2018 will go down as a watershed in the history of the South African Avocado Growers’ Association (SAAGA), with a record export crop of 20,8 million 4 kg cartons, beating the previous high of 14,8 million by some margin. The South African avocado industry has also started to move into the realm of 12-months supply, with some growers fi nishing off their 2018 crop whilst others start 2019’s harvest. ith the 2018 volumes also came the reality will remain, and gain increasing importance on the Wof oversupply, and has reinforced the risk of SAAGA budget and agenda. being Eurocentric in our approach to marketing. The importance of our regional study groups has Market access remains SAAGA’s top priority, with been highlighted on many occasions. I would like to a large portion of the budget and resources being thank the Area Directors, Subtrop technical staff, as directed at opening new markets. In most cases, well as the various study groups and technical com- market access moves slowly at governmental level, mittees for raising the bar during 2018. to this end fellow Board member and SAAGA’s incoming Chairman Sizwe Magagula has joined the The Board believes that the current Subtrop staffi ng SAAGA Market Access Steering Committee and is structure is robust and fl exible enough to achieve currently working on forming relationships at senior our stated KPA’s. We are, however, aware that tech- governmental level. As a Board we feel that this nical team visibility is lacking in some of our produc- will be key to unlocking and fi nalising steps to new tion regions and will be addressed during 2019. market access. Our 2018 SAAGA income exceeded expectations, We are excited to announce the launch of the SAAGA in the main due to our record crop and, despite Avocado Production Guide, an application that has SAMAC’s exit from within the Subtrop umbrella, our been developed by our Technical team with the Association fi nds itself in a healthy position. assistance of Dr Elsje Joubert. I would like to thank all for the completion of this project. Besides practical I would like to thank the Subtrop staff for the ef- production and technical information, the app will fort that they put in to keep SAAGA ahead of the also be used as a communication platform to keep pack. I would also like to thank the Area Directors, growers up to speed regarding important industry who ensure that their regions are well represented events and information, such as developments on at SAAGA Board level. A special thank you must go market access, study group dates, transformation to Kosie Eloff who is stepping down after serving on and marketing. the SAAGA Board for the last 10 years. Local market development remains a priority on our To our members, thank you for your continued sup- Key Performance Area (KPA) radar, and the Board is port, and helping to maintain the high standards confi dent that Protactic are the right partners to as- that are expected of a “mature” association. sist in achieving our goals in the development of this important sector. Lastly, congratulations to Sizwe Magagula, our in- coming Chairman, and to Clive Garrett who assumes Transformation initiatives such as internship the role of Vice Chairman. programmes, student bursaries, mentorship of emerging farmers, involving emerging farmers at our commercial study groups, and highlighting successful transformation projects within the avocado industry Athol Curri SOUTH AFRICAN AVOCADO GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION YEARBOOK 42, 2019 5 Using phosphonate foliar sprays for managing Phytophthora root rot in avocado A McLeod1, SL Masikane1, P Novela2, P Mohale2, JB Jolliffe1 and P Pieterse2 1Stellenbosch University, Department of Plant Pathology, Private Bag X1 Stellenbosch 7602, SOUTH AFRICA 2Bertie Van Zyl (Edms) Bpk, Mooketsi, SOUTH AFRICA E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Phosphonate foliar sprays are used for managing Phytophthora root rot (PRR) on avocado caused by Phytoph- thora cinnamomi (Pc).
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