Hardware Performance Evaluation of Authenticated Encryption SAEAES with Threshold Implementation
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Improved Rectangle Attacks on SKINNY and CRAFT
Improved Rectangle Attacks on SKINNY and CRAFT Hosein Hadipour1, Nasour Bagheri2 and Ling Song3( ) 1 Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] 2 Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] 3 Jinan University, Guangzhou, China [email protected] Abstract. The boomerang and rectangle attacks are adaptions of differential crypt- analysis that regard the target cipher E as a composition of two sub-ciphers, i.e., 2 2 E = E1 ◦ E0, to construct a distinguisher for E with probability p q by concatenat- ing two short differential trails for E0 and E1 with probability p and q respectively. According to the previous research, the dependency between these two differential characteristics has a great impact on the probability of boomerang and rectangle distinguishers. Dunkelman et al. proposed the sandwich attack to formalise such dependency that regards E as three parts, i.e., E = E1 ◦ Em ◦ E0, where Em contains the dependency between two differential trails, satisfying some differential propagation with probability r. Accordingly, the entire probability is p2q2r. Recently, Song et al. have proposed a general framework to identify the actual boundaries of Em and systematically evaluate the probability of Em with any number of rounds, and applied their method to accurately evaluate the probabilities of the best SKINNY’s boomerang distinguishers. In this paper, using a more advanced method to search for boomerang distinguishers, we show that the best previous boomerang distinguishers for SKINNY can be significantly improved in terms of probability and number of rounds. -
A Quantitative Study of Advanced Encryption Standard Performance
United States Military Academy USMA Digital Commons West Point ETD 12-2018 A Quantitative Study of Advanced Encryption Standard Performance as it Relates to Cryptographic Attack Feasibility Daniel Hawthorne United States Military Academy, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usmalibrary.org/faculty_etd Part of the Information Security Commons Recommended Citation Hawthorne, Daniel, "A Quantitative Study of Advanced Encryption Standard Performance as it Relates to Cryptographic Attack Feasibility" (2018). West Point ETD. 9. https://digitalcommons.usmalibrary.org/faculty_etd/9 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by USMA Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in West Point ETD by an authorized administrator of USMA Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD PERFORMANCE AS IT RELATES TO CRYPTOGRAPHIC ATTACK FEASIBILITY A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Computer Science By Daniel Stephen Hawthorne Colorado Technical University December, 2018 Committee Dr. Richard Livingood, Ph.D., Chair Dr. Kelly Hughes, DCS, Committee Member Dr. James O. Webb, Ph.D., Committee Member December 17, 2018 © Daniel Stephen Hawthorne, 2018 1 Abstract The advanced encryption standard (AES) is the premier symmetric key cryptosystem in use today. Given its prevalence, the security provided by AES is of utmost importance. Technology is advancing at an incredible rate, in both capability and popularity, much faster than its rate of advancement in the late 1990s when AES was selected as the replacement standard for DES. Although the literature surrounding AES is robust, most studies fall into either theoretical or practical yet infeasible. -
Low-Latency Hardware Masking with Application to AES
Low-Latency Hardware Masking with Application to AES Pascal Sasdrich, Begül Bilgin, Michael Hutter, and Mark E. Marson Rambus Cryptography Research, 425 Market Street, 11th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, United States {psasdrich,bbilgin,mhutter,mmarson}@rambus.com Abstract. During the past two decades there has been a great deal of research published on masked hardware implementations of AES and other cryptographic primitives. Unfortunately, many hardware masking techniques can lead to increased latency compared to unprotected circuits for algorithms such as AES, due to the high-degree of nonlinear functions in their designs. In this paper, we present a hardware masking technique which does not increase the latency for such algorithms. It is based on the LUT-based Masked Dual-Rail with Pre-charge Logic (LMDPL) technique presented at CHES 2014. First, we show 1-glitch extended strong non- interference of a nonlinear LMDPL gadget under the 1-glitch extended probing model. We then use this knowledge to design an AES implementation which computes a full AES-128 operation in 10 cycles and a full AES-256 operation in 14 cycles. We perform practical side-channel analysis of our implementation using the Test Vector Leakage Assessment (TVLA) methodology and analyze univariate as well as bivariate t-statistics to demonstrate its DPA resistance level. Keywords: AES · Low-Latency Hardware · LMDPL · Masking · Secure Logic Styles · Differential Power Analysis · TVLA · Embedded Security 1 Introduction Masking countermeasures against side-channel analysis [KJJ99] have received a lot of attention over the last two decades. They are popular because they are relatively easy and inexpensive to implement, and their strengths and limitations are well understood using theoretical models and security proofs. -
Investigating Profiled Side-Channel Attacks Against the DES Key
IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems ISSN 2569-2925, Vol. 2020, No. 3, pp. 22–72. DOI:10.13154/tches.v2020.i3.22-72 Investigating Profiled Side-Channel Attacks Against the DES Key Schedule Johann Heyszl1[0000−0002−8425−3114], Katja Miller1, Florian Unterstein1[0000−0002−8384−2021], Marc Schink1, Alexander Wagner1, Horst Gieser2, Sven Freud3, Tobias Damm3[0000−0003−3221−7207], Dominik Klein3[0000−0001−8174−7445] and Dennis Kügler3 1 Fraunhofer Institute for Applied and Integrated Security (AISEC), Germany, [email protected] 2 Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies (EMFT), Germany, [email protected] 3 Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI), Germany, [email protected] Abstract. Recent publications describe profiled single trace side-channel attacks (SCAs) against the DES key-schedule of a “commercially available security controller”. They report a significant reduction of the average remaining entropy of cryptographic keys after the attack, with surprisingly large, key-dependent variations of attack results, and individual cases with remaining key entropies as low as a few bits. Unfortunately, they leave important questions unanswered: Are the reported wide distributions of results plausible - can this be explained? Are the results device- specific or more generally applicable to other devices? What is the actual impact on the security of 3-key triple DES? We systematically answer those and several other questions by analyzing two commercial security controllers and a general purpose microcontroller. We observe a significant overall reduction and, importantly, also observe a large key-dependent variation in single DES key security levels, i.e. -
Hash Functions and the (Amplified) Boomerang Attack
Hash Functions and the (Amplified) Boomerang Attack Antoine Joux1,3 and Thomas Peyrin2,3 1 DGA 2 France T´el´ecomR&D [email protected] 3 Universit´ede Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines [email protected] Abstract. Since Crypto 2004, hash functions have been the target of many at- tacks which showed that several well-known functions such as SHA-0 or MD5 can no longer be considered secure collision free hash functions. These attacks use classical cryptographic techniques from block cipher analysis such as differential cryptanal- ysis together with some specific methods. Among those, we can cite the neutral bits of Biham and Chen or the message modification techniques of Wang et al. In this paper, we show that another tool of block cipher analysis, the boomerang attack, can also be used in this context. In particular, we show that using this boomerang attack as a neutral bits tool, it becomes possible to lower the complexity of the attacks on SHA-1. Key words: hash functions, boomerang attack, SHA-1. 1 Introduction The most famous design principle for dedicated hash functions is indisputably the MD-SHA family, firstly introduced by R. Rivest with MD4 [16] in 1990 and its improved version MD5 [15] in 1991. Two years after, the NIST publishes [12] a very similar hash function, SHA-0, that will be patched [13] in 1995 to give birth to SHA-1. This family is still very active, as NIST recently proposed [14] a 256-bit new version SHA-256 in order to anticipate the potential cryptanalysis results and also to increase its security with regard to the fast growth of the computation power. -
ASIC-Oriented Comparative Review of Hardware Security Algorithms for Internet of Things Applications Mohamed A
ASIC-Oriented Comparative Review of Hardware Security Algorithms for Internet of Things Applications Mohamed A. Bahnasawi1, Khalid Ibrahim2, Ahmed Mohamed3, Mohamed Khalifa Mohamed4, Ahmed Moustafa5, Kareem Abdelmonem6, Yehea Ismail7, Hassan Mostafa8 1,3,5,6,8Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 2Electronics Department, Faculty of Information Engineering and Technology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt 4Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Egypt 7,8Center for Nanoelectronics and Devices, AUC and Zewail City of Science and Technology, New Cairo, Egypt {[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] } Abstract— Research into the security of the Internet of Applications have different requirements for the Things (IoT) needs to utilize particular algorithms that offer cryptographic algorithms that secure them, varying in the ultra-low power consumption and a long lifespan, along with throughput needed, the extent of immunity against attacks, other parameters such as strong immunity against attacks, power consumption, the area needed on-chip, etc. The lower chip area and acceptable throughput. This paper offers Internet of Things (IoT) focuses mainly on low-power an ASIC-oriented comparative review of the most popular and implementations of security algorithms. This is because powerful cryptographic algorithms worldwide, namely AES, most of them are related to autonomous applications or 3DES, Twofish and RSA. The ASIC implementations of those embedded systems applications (i.e. an ultra-thin sensor algorithms are analyzed by studying statistical data extracted system [2] embedded inside clothes or biomedical from the ASIC layouts of the algorithms and comparing them to determine the most suited algorithms for IoT hardware- applications). -
Boomerang Analysis Method Based on Block Cipher
International Journal of Security and Its Application Vol.11, No.1 (2017), pp.165-178 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsia.2017.11.1.14 Boomerang Analysis Method Based on Block Cipher Fan Aiwan and Yang Zhaofeng Computer School, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, 467002 Henan province, China { Fan Aiwan} [email protected] Abstract This paper fused together the related key analysis and differential analysis and did multiple rounds of attack analysis for the DES block cipher. On the basis of deep analysis of Boomerang algorithm principle, combined with the characteristics of the key arrangement of the DES block cipher, the 8 round DES attack experiment and the 9 round DES attack experiment were designed based on the Boomerang algorithm. The experimental results show that, after the design of this paper, the value of calculation complexity of DES block cipher is only 240 and the analysis performance is greatly improved by the method of Boomerang attack. Keywords: block cipher, DES, Boomerang, Computational complexity 1. Introduction With the advent of the information society, especially the extensive application of the Internet to break the traditional limitations of time and space, which brings great convenience to people. However, at the same time, a large amount of sensitive information is transmitted through the channel or computer network, especially the rapid development of e-commerce and e-government, more and more personal information such as bank accounts require strict confidentiality, how to guarantee the security of information is particularly important [1-2]. The essence of information security is to protect the information system or the information resources in the information network from various types of threats, interference and destruction, that is, to ensure the security of information [3]. -
Development of the Advanced Encryption Standard
Volume 126, Article No. 126024 (2021) https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.126.024 Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Development of the Advanced Encryption Standard Miles E. Smid Formerly: Computer Security Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA [email protected] Strong cryptographic algorithms are essential for the protection of stored and transmitted data throughout the world. This publication discusses the development of Federal Information Processing Standards Publication (FIPS) 197, which specifies a cryptographic algorithm known as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The AES was the result of a cooperative multiyear effort involving the U.S. government, industry, and the academic community. Several difficult problems that had to be resolved during the standard’s development are discussed, and the eventual solutions are presented. The author writes from his viewpoint as former leader of the Security Technology Group and later as acting director of the Computer Security Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, where he was responsible for the AES development. Key words: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES); consensus process; cryptography; Data Encryption Standard (DES); security requirements, SKIPJACK. Accepted: June 18, 2021 Published: August 16, 2021; Current Version: August 23, 2021 This article was sponsored by James Foti, Computer Security Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The views expressed represent those of the author and not necessarily those of NIST. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.126.024 1. Introduction In the late 1990s, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was about to decide if it was going to specify a new cryptographic algorithm standard for the protection of U.S. -
Rotational Cryptanalysis of ARX
Rotational Cryptanalysis of ARX Dmitry Khovratovich and Ivica Nikoli´c University of Luxembourg [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. In this paper we analyze the security of systems based on modular additions, rotations, and XORs (ARX systems). We provide both theoretical support for their security and practical cryptanalysis of real ARX primitives. We use a technique called rotational cryptanalysis, that is universal for the ARX systems and is quite efficient. We illustrate the method with the best known attack on reduced versions of the block cipher Threefish (the core of Skein). Additionally, we prove that ARX with constants are functionally complete, i.e. any function can be realized with these operations. Keywords: ARX, cryptanalysis, rotational cryptanalysis. 1 Introduction A huge number of symmetric primitives using modular additions, bitwise XORs, and intraword rotations have appeared in the last 20 years. The most famous are the hash functions from MD-family (MD4, MD5) and their descendants SHA-x. While modular addition is often approximated with XOR, for random inputs these operations are quite different. Addition provides diffusion and nonlinearity, while XOR does not. Although the diffusion is relatively slow, it is compensated by a low price of addition in both software and hardware, so primitives with relatively high number of additions (tens per byte) are still fast. The intraword rotation removes disbalance between left and right bits (introduced by the ad- dition) and speeds up the diffusion. Many recently design primitives use only XOR, addition, and rotation so they are grouped into a single family ARX (Addition-Rotation-XOR). -
Historical Ciphers • A
ECE 646 - Lecture 6 Required Reading • W. Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, Chapter 2, Classical Encryption Techniques Historical Ciphers • A. Menezes et al., Handbook of Applied Cryptography, Chapter 7.3 Classical ciphers and historical development Why (not) to study historical ciphers? Secret Writing AGAINST FOR Steganography Cryptography (hidden messages) (encrypted messages) Not similar to Basic components became modern ciphers a part of modern ciphers Under special circumstances modern ciphers can be Substitution Transposition Long abandoned Ciphers reduced to historical ciphers Transformations (change the order Influence on world events of letters) Codes Substitution The only ciphers you Ciphers can break! (replace words) (replace letters) Selected world events affected by cryptology Mary, Queen of Scots 1586 - trial of Mary Queen of Scots - substitution cipher • Scottish Queen, a cousin of Elisabeth I of England • Forced to flee Scotland by uprising against 1917 - Zimmermann telegram, America enters World War I her and her husband • Treated as a candidate to the throne of England by many British Catholics unhappy about 1939-1945 Battle of England, Battle of Atlantic, D-day - a reign of Elisabeth I, a Protestant ENIGMA machine cipher • Imprisoned by Elisabeth for 19 years • Involved in several plots to assassinate Elisabeth 1944 – world’s first computer, Colossus - • Put on trial for treason by a court of about German Lorenz machine cipher 40 noblemen, including Catholics, after being implicated in the Babington Plot by her own 1950s – operation Venona – breaking ciphers of soviet spies letters sent from prison to her co-conspirators stealing secrets of the U.S. atomic bomb in the encrypted form – one-time pad 1 Mary, Queen of Scots – cont. -
State of the Art in Lightweight Symmetric Cryptography
State of the Art in Lightweight Symmetric Cryptography Alex Biryukov1 and Léo Perrin2 1 SnT, CSC, University of Luxembourg, [email protected] 2 SnT, University of Luxembourg, [email protected] Abstract. Lightweight cryptography has been one of the “hot topics” in symmetric cryptography in the recent years. A huge number of lightweight algorithms have been published, standardized and/or used in commercial products. In this paper, we discuss the different implementation constraints that a “lightweight” algorithm is usually designed to satisfy. We also present an extensive survey of all lightweight symmetric primitives we are aware of. It covers designs from the academic community, from government agencies and proprietary algorithms which were reverse-engineered or leaked. Relevant national (nist...) and international (iso/iec...) standards are listed. We then discuss some trends we identified in the design of lightweight algorithms, namely the designers’ preference for arx-based and bitsliced-S-Box-based designs and simple key schedules. Finally, we argue that lightweight cryptography is too large a field and that it should be split into two related but distinct areas: ultra-lightweight and IoT cryptography. The former deals only with the smallest of devices for which a lower security level may be justified by the very harsh design constraints. The latter corresponds to low-power embedded processors for which the Aes and modern hash function are costly but which have to provide a high level security due to their greater connectivity. Keywords: Lightweight cryptography · Ultra-Lightweight · IoT · Internet of Things · SoK · Survey · Standards · Industry 1 Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the foremost buzzwords in computer science and information technology at the time of writing. -
AES) Is the Desirable Encryption Core for Any Practical Low-End Embedded
CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XEROXED (Without Author's Permission) COMPACT HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD WITH CONCURRENT ERROR DETECTION by Namin Yu A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland August 2005 St. John's Newfoundland Canada Abstract A compact, efficient and highly reliable implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is the desirable encryption core for any practical low-end embedded application. In this thesis we design and implement a compact hardware AES system with concurrent error detection. We investigate various architectures for compact AES implementations in 0.18 f!m CMOS technology. We first explore a new compact digital hardware implementation of the AES s-boxes applying the discovery of linear redundancy in the AES s-boxes. Although the new circuit has a small size, the speed of this implementation is also reduced. Encryption architectures without key scheduling that employ four s-boxes and only one s-box are implemented using the new AES s-boxes, as well as based on other compact s-box structures. The comparison of the implementations based on different architectures and s-box structures indicates that the implementation using four s-boxes 4 based on arithmetic operations in GF(2 ) has the best trade-off of area and speed. Therefore, using this s-box implementation, a complete encryption-decryption architecture with key scheduling employing the four s-box structure is implemented. In order to be adaptive to various practical applications, we optimize the implementation with the fours-box structure to support five different operation modes.