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Home , Orion Arm

5/23/2011

Astronomy Workshop CH 1-5

Prepared by: Miss Julia Germann From: ASTRO By: Seeds

& Other Science Related Sources

Milky Way Galaxy

The is a star on the Arm

Planet

SOLAR ADDRESS:

1.Earth 2.Solar System 3.Orion Arm 4. Galaxy 5.The 6.The Local Super Cluster 7.The

…continued

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Rotation of the Sky at the North Pole Rotation of the Sky at the Equator

*Stars move in a counter- clockwise motion **Stars rise vertically in the East, set vertically in the West

West East

**Mid-latitude stars : Some stars are always up, sometimes up, or up half the time. Others are always down, sometimes down, or down half the time.

8 Phases of the

Seasonal Changes:

Solstice - sun is stationary

Equinox- Equal day and Night

Eclipsed objects are blocked

 Solar Eclipse  Lunar Eclipse ◦ (sun is being blocked) ◦ (moon is being blocked)

Moon passes between the sun and Earth Moon passes through Earth’s shadow

Appearance: Appearance: The sun looks like a ring surrounding the moon!

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Tidal Bulges

CH 3:The Origin of Modern

 Hipparchus:

◦ created the apparent magnitude scale by dividing stars into categories according to their brightness (1-6).

 Apparent brightness: how bright a star looks from Earth  Absolute brightness: how bright a star would be if it were a distance of 10 away.

Geocentric Universe vs. Heliocentric Universe: Refer to: The Origin of Modern Astronomy (Pg. 32-39)

Retrograde motion:

*the apparent backward motion of a as seen from a vantage point

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Geocentric Universe vs. Heliocentric Universe: Refer to: The Origin of Modern Astronomy (Pg. 32-39)

Ptolemy's model (140AD): Copernicus’ model (1542 AD): “Earth-centered" or "geocentric" "Sun-centered" or "heliocentric"

 celestial objects — including the  orbit the Sun, and the planets, Sun, Moon, and stars — Moon orbits Earth. Since the Sun orbit Earth. is the center of the universe, it  explains retrograde motion does not move, nor does the through epicycles stars.  *explains retrograde motion by planets passing each other.

Ptolemy’s Epicycles

Kepler’s Three Laws:

A. PLANETS MOVE IN ELLIPSES B. EQUAL AREA IN EQUAL TIME C. ORBITAL PERIOD SQUARED EQUALS THE CUBE OF THE SEMIMAJOR AXIS; p= orbital period; a=semi-major axis of the orbit

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Newton’s Laws

 (1)An object remains at rest, or moves in a straight line at constant speed, unless acted on by an outside force.

 (2) The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to force, and inversely proportional to mass.

 (3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Earth’s moon is uneven and rough

of orbit so they disappear from day to night

the phases of are similar to the moon

CH 4: Astronomical Telescopes and Instruments

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Refracting Telescope

CH5 Sun Light and Sun Atoms:

•Sunspots (11 Year Cycle)

•Magnetic Field

•Nuclear Fusion

1) Gravity – pulls down onto the earth

1) electromagnetic force – pushes

3) nuclear strong – atomic bomb

4) nuclear weak – radio activity

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Stellar Spectra When light is broken up into wavelengths:

Eye

Eye

Eye

• CH1: Scale of the Cosmos •CH4: Astronomical Telescopes and • Solar Address: Instruments Earth, Solar System, Orion Arm, Milky •Telescopes: Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local •Refracting Supercluster, Universe •Chromatic aberration •Reflecting • CH2: User’s Guide to the Sky •Newtonian • Celestial Sphere •CH5: Sun Light and Sun Atoms • 8 Phases of the Moon • • Eclipses The Sun: • • Tidal Bulges 11 year sun cycle • magnetic field • nuclear fusion • CH3: The Origin of Modern Astronomy •4 Fundamental Forces • Hipparchus’s Magnitude Scale; •Gravity Ptolemy’s Geocentric Universe; •Electromagnetic Copernicus’s Heliocentric Universe •Nuclear Weak • Laws/Observations: Kepler, Newton, •Nuclear Strong Galileo •Light Spectra •Visual, Emission, and Absorption CH 1-5 Review

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