Draft Initial Environmental Examination

August 2011

IND: Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism — Project 2:

Prepared by the Government of Tamil Nadu for the Asian Development Bank.

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board CRZ - Coastal Regulation Zone DoT - Department of Tourism DSC - Design and Supervision Consultants EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan IEE - Initial Environmental Examination PIU - Project Implementation Unit PMU - Project Management Unit RCC - Reinforced cement concrete ROW - Right-of-way SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement TA - Technical Assistance TTDC - Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter mm – millimeter

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (the Investment Program) envisages environmentally and culturally sustainable and socially inclusive tourism development in the project states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand, delivered through a multi-tranche financing facility (MFF) modality. Project 2 includes the states of Uttarakhand and Tamil Nadu.

2. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) assesses Project 2 subprojects for the state of Tamil Nadu. The IEE was based on a careful review of subproject site plans and reports; defined management plans (e.g., coastal regulation zones notified areas temple development plans); field visits, and secondary data to characterize the environment and identify potential impacts; and interviews and discussions with stakeholders. An environmental management plan (EMP) outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared. Subprojects will provide needed environmental and tourist infrastructure to improve the environmental management and quality of the sites towards preserving their ecological and cultural integrity. The subproject will conform to all Government regulations, policies, and standards, as well as Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).

3. The selection of components are consistent with the subproject selection criteria outlined in the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) aimed at enhancing protection of these sites and enhancing their environmental quality. Subprojects are consistent with defined management plans designed to protect environmentally sensitive and cultural locations. Management plans guided subproject design and location, therefore, all proposed facilities in natural areas are located outside sensitive areas and sited in designated tourist development zones (as per mangrove management plan prepared by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department) and located away from sensitive habitats.

4. The project design incorporates the views of primary and secondary stakeholders including local communities and local officials who were all meaningfully consulted during IEE and project preparation.

5. The Project 2 includes additional environmental awareness-building to raise conservation values consistent with management plans and Tamil Nadu’s environmental and tourism policies (which emphasize ecotourism) amongst local communities and local governments in order to ensure future sustainable development in and around these locations.

6. The environmental impacts of the project are therefore not significant and at Category B level, as per ADB's Safeguards Policy Statement. The specific measures stated in the EMP will address all adverse environmental impacts due to the subproject. Impacts are readily mitigated through careful siting, specific selection criteria for procuring contractors with demonstrated experience; execution of proven mitigation measures during the design; and adoption of good engineering practices during construction and implementation. A detailed monitoring plan prepared as part of this IEE will further mitigate negative environmental impacts during implementation.

5. Potential induced impacts are addressed through the following: (i) awareness-building of local management plans at proposed sites specifically addressing the need to regulate tourism related development and planning in the area through coordination with related government departments and local land use committees; and (ii) project-supported environmental

awareness campaigns in surrounding communities to encourage participatory sustainable development consistent with eco-tourism principles and in compliance with the state's tourism policy ecotourism aspects.

6. The Investment Program includes upfront and ongoing supervision and training assistance for environmental monitoring reporting in project management structures. The effective implementation of the measures proposed will be ensured through the building up of capacity towards environmental management within the project management unit (PMU) supplemented with the technical expertise of a Safeguards Specialist as part of the Design Supervision Consultants (DSC) and Project Management Consultants (PMC). Further, the environmental monitoring plans provide adequate opportunities towards course correction to address any residual impacts during construction or operation stages.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background

1. The proposed Project 2 (the Project) targets enhanced economic growth and provision of livelihood opportunities for local communities through tourism infrastructure development with a focus on preservation and development of natural and cultural heritage and incidental services. The Project supports the states of Uttarakhand and Tamil Nadu to develop the tourism sector as a key driver for economic growth.

2. The Project aims to enhance contribution of the tourism industry to sustainable and inclusive economic growth for each participating state. Increased visits of domestic and international tourists to tourist destinations within each participating state would be the outcome of the Project.

3. The outputs of the Project are:

Component 1: Urban Infrastructure and Service Improvement (i) Ecotourism facilities at Pichavaram developed; (ii) Muttukadu and Mudhaliyarkuppam boat house areas improved; (iii) Tourist support infrastructure developed at 6 temples in the Navagraha Temple Circuit, Thanjavur; (iv) Tourist support infrastructure developed at 4 temples in the Navagraha Temple Circuit and 1 church, Nagapattinam; (v) Tourist support infrastructure developed at Alangudi Temple Area, Thiruvarur (vi) Poompuhar Tourist area, Nagapattinam, improved; and (vii) Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC) Beach Resort Complex at , Kancheepuram, improved. Component 2: Improved connectivity (i) Tourist support infrastructure developed in gateway town of Thanjavur. Component 3: Quality Enhancement of Natural and Cultural Attractions (i) Important monuments such as Dansborg Museum at Tranquabar, Nagapattinam, restored and conserved. Component 4: Greater participation by local communities Component 5: Capacity Development, Community Participation and Project Management

B. Purpose of the IEE

4. This IEE assesses the environmental impacts due to the proposed subprojects in Tamil Nadu and specifies measures towards addressing the impacts. The IEE was based on a review of subproject site plans and reports; field visits, and secondary data to characterize the environment and identify potential impacts; and interviews and discussions with stakeholders. An EMP outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared. During the detailed design stage, the IEE/EMP will be further updated and stand-alone EMPs for each of the procurement packages prepared. These EMPs will be appended to the respective contract documents to enable integration of environmental provisions in the contract. The IEE goes further and provides sample contract clauses (Appendix 1) to be added to contract documents.

5. In accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), the project is Category B as no significant impacts are anticipated.

C. Environmental Regulatory Compliance

6. The realm of environmental regulations and mandatory requirements for the proposed subproject is shown in Table 1.The EIA Notification (2006) by the Government of India Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) specifies the mandatory environmental clearance requirements. Accordingly, all projects and activities are broadly categorized in to two categories1 - Category A and Category B, based on the spatial extent of potential impacts and potential impacts on human health and natural and man-made resources.

Table 1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance  Applicability of  Subproject  Compliance Criteria Acts/Guidelines i. Development of ecotourism facilities  The EIA Notification  These subprojects are not at Pichavaram in District; (2006 and its subsequent covered in the ambit of the EIA amendments in 2009) notification as they are not covered ii. Conservation and restoration of provides for either under Category A or Category B important monuments at Tranquebar categorization of projects of the notification. As a result, the in Nagapattanam District; into category A and B, categorization, and the subsequent based on extent of environmental assessment and iii. Proposed Tourist support impacts. clearance requirements, either from the infrastructure in the gateway town at state or the Government is not Thanjavur District; triggered.  Coastal Regulation Zone  Muttukadu, Mudaliarkuppam, iv. Proposed Tourist support Notifications (1991) and and Mamallapuram are located in infrastructure along the main roads of its subsequent Kachipuram District. The subprojects

1 All projects or activities included as Category A in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities and change in product mix, will require prior environmental clearance from the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) on the recommendations of an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) to be constituted by the Central Government for the purposes of this notification. All projects or activities included as Category B in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities as specified in sub paragraph (ii) of paragraph 2, or change in product mix as specified in sub paragraph (iii) of paragraph 2, but excluding those which fulfil the General Conditions (GC) stipulated in the Schedule, will require prior environmental clearance from the State/Union territory Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The SEIAA will base its decision on the recommendations of a State or Union territory level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) as to be constituted for in this notification. In addition, GC of the notification specifies that any project or activity specified in Category B will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of (i) protected Areas notified under the Wild Life Protection) Act, 1972, (ii) critically polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) notified eco-sensitive areas, and (iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries.

 Applicability of  Subproject  Compliance Criteria Acts/Guidelines Thanjavur District; amendments in 2011 are within Category III (CRZ -III), that specify regulated isareas that are relatively v. Muttukadu and Mudaliarkuppam activities on the coastal undisturbed and those which do Boat Area Improvement in area. As per notification, not belong to either Category I or II. Kachipuram District; the coastal land up to These will include coastal zone in 500 meters (m) from the the areas (developed and vi. Infrastructure development works High Tide Line (HTL) and at 6 different temples in Thanjavur a stage of 100 m along undeveloped) and also areas within District; banks of creeks, Municipal limits or in other legally estuaries, backwater and designated urban areas which are vii. Infrastructure development works rivers subject to tidal not substantially built up. at Thirvengadu Temple, fluctuations, is called the  As a result, (i) the existing Vaitheeswaran and Coastal Regulation Zone authorized structures shall be subject Keelaperumpallam temples in (CRZ). The notification to the existing local Town and Country Nagapattinam District; imposed restriction on Planning regulations including the the CRZ. existing norms of FIS/FAR; (ii) viii. Infrastructure Development of reconstruction of the authorized Alangudi Temple Area in Thiruvarur building to be permitted subject to the District; existing FSI/FAR norms and without change in the existing use; and (iii) the ix. Improvement to Poompuhar tourist design and construction of buildings area in Nagapattinam District; and shall be consistent with the surrounding landscape and architectural style. x. Improvement to Tamil Nadu  Clearance from the Coastal Tourism Development Corporation Regulation Management Zone (TTDC) Beach Resort Complex, Authority is required for the proposed Mamallapuram in Kanchipuram interventions/activities in CRZ-III areas. District.  The Wildlife  All activities adjacent to the Conservation Act (1972, Pichavaram Reserve Forest amended in 2003 and (mangrove area) Pichavaram, 2006) provides for Cuddalore. As reserve forests protection and are not considered as management of protected areas, Protected Areas. management plans are not mandatory. Therefore no further clearance from Tamil Nadu Chief is required.  Water (Prevention and  Consent for Establishment Control of Pollution) Act (CFE) and Consent for (1974) Operation (CFO) from the  Uttarakhand Environmental  Air (Prevention and Protection and Pollution Control of Pollution) Act Control Board (UEPPCB) for (1981) all subprojects requiring,  setting up of hot mix plants,  wet mix plants, stone crushers and diesel generators. To be obtained by the Contractor, prior to construction.  The Ancient Monuments  The Danish Museum and fort and Archaeological Sites in Tranquebar, and and Remains Act, 1958, Nagapattinam are state-level and the rules, 1959 archaeological sites. provide guidance for  Conservation and restoration carrying out activities, of these important monuments including conservation, are in line with the construction and reuse in consultations and discussions and around the protected with Tamil Nadu Department monuments. of Archaeology.  Archaeological survey of

 Applicability of  Subproject  Compliance Criteria Acts/Guidelines proposed sites to be carried out to rule out any impacts on archaeological remains, prior to initiation of construction  According to this Act, area within radii of 100m and 300m from the “protected property” are designated as “protected area” and “controlled area” respectively. No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the “protected area” and development activities likely to damage the protected property are not permitted in the “controlled area” without prior permission of Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology.   Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology will oversee all works on the sites to ensure works meet their standards. Permits for excavation, construction in the proposed subproject locations will be obtained by the executing agency prior to tendering of works.

7. The above table indicates that the proposed subproject will comply with necessary government regulations and ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (2009). ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) stipulates addressing environmental concerns, if any, of a proposed activity in the initial stages of project preparation. For this, the ADB guidelines categorize the proposed components into categories (A, B or C) to determine the level of environmental assessment2 required to address the potential impacts. The subproject has been categorized as B. Accordingly this IEE is prepared to address the potential impacts, in line with the recommended IEE content and structure for Category B projects. The IEE was based mainly on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance surveys and stakeholder consultations. Stakeholder consultation was an integral part of the IEE. An EMP outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared.

D. Report Structure

2 Level of environmental assessment required for each category of Project, as per ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) is as follows: (i) Category A. Subproject components with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts; (ii) Category B. Subproject components judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. (iii) Category C. Sub-components unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed.

8. This IEE contains eight sections: (i) introduction; (ii) description of project components; (iii) description of the environment; (iv) environmental impacts and mitigation measures; (v) institutional requirements; (vi) public consultation and information disclosure; (vi) findings and recommendations; and (vii) conclusions.

II. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS

A. Components of the Subproject

9. Table 2 provides a summary of each of the existing condition, need for the project and components proposed under this subproject.

Table 2: Description of the Subproject Components Subproject Description Need of Project Proposed Components i. Development of In late 1970s, the scenic Currently the site is (i) refurbishment of existing ecotourism facilities at beauty of Pichavaram presented mainly as a tourist center, Pichavaram staging area mangroves has attracted leisure and recreation (ii) construction of in ; movie makers to shoot center with minimal community education their films in the shallow interpretation of the values centre for Mangrove Forest waterways. Through the and importance of the Interpretation and movies, Pichavaram has mangrove forest and Education, and, become a tourist place. wetland. (iii) repairs / reconstruction With the advent of tourist of parking lot, walkway, flow, the Tamil Nadu The development done in signage, landscaping, , Tourism Development past are not up to the and Corporation (TTDC) has standard, not matching (iv) procurement of 10 also announced this place with the motorized vessels. as a tourist spot and listed surroundings/context and it in state’s tourist map done in haphazard from 1985 onwards. TTDC manner. is maintaining cottages, dormitory and restaurant The access to the for tourists. About 500 premises and the parking tourists visit Pichavaram facility are not appropriate. every day. This number There is no proper increases to 1,000 per day road/pathway inside the during the rainy season. It premises. The existing is estimated that 200,000 toilet block is inadequate. tourists visit the site Ticket booth is small in annually. size. The waiting hall and existing information centre The site comprises of 5 are not in harmony with the acre staging area on the surroundings. Garbage mainland for boat trips into bins are improper and the forest area as well as lacking in quantity. three bungalows on a small area an island about 200 m opposite the staging area. ii. Conservation and Tranquebar was founded The site is presented (i) restoration of fort restoration of important by the Danish East India mainly as a center with ramparts and development monuments at Tranquebar Company in 1620, when a minimal interpretation of of an open air theatre in Nagapattanam District; factory (commercial the values and importance within the fort; settlement) was opened and in need of proper (ii) upgrading of museum and a fort, known as Fort restoration and adaptive and visitor amenities; and Dansborg, was built by a reuse. (iii) provision of bins, Danish captain named Ove signage and landscaping, Gjedde. This fort was the The repairs/restoration development of stone

Subproject Description Need of Project Proposed Components residence and done in past are not up to pitched walkway and headquarters of the standards and not as per restoration of water tank. governor and other officials conservation guidelines. for about 150 years. It is Incongruent materials have now a museum hosting a been used for repair collection of artifacts from works. The fort premises the colonial era. require overall The museum is operated development, landscaping, and maintained by the improved access, public Tamil Nadu Archaeological facilities, tourist Department. It contains interpretation centre, porcelain ware, Danish souvenir shops etc. The manuscripts, glass objects, museum has very less Chinese tea jars, steatitle number of exhibits thus do lamps, decorated not create much interest to terracotta objects, the visitors. figurines, lamps, stones, sculptures, swords, daggers, spears, sudai (stucco) figurines and wooden objects. There is also part of a whale skeleton. iii. Proposed Tourist Thanjavur is an important Assessment show lack in (i) Overhead signages (5 support infrastructure in center of South Indian art overhead signages numbers)at entry point to the gateway town at and architecture. Most of showing tourist information Thanjavur town; Thanjavur District; the Great Living Chola at the entry points to (ii) upgrade of tourist Temples which are Thanjavur. information centre at UNESCO World Heritage Thanjavur Palace complex; Monuments are located in At the Palace complex, (iii) refurbishment of the and around Thanjavur. The there is lack of tourist existing information centre; foremost among the Great interpretation centre. Most and Living Chola temples, the of the time the location of (iv) interpretative material. Brihadeeswara Temple, is the existing interpretation located in the center of the centre or information city. Thanjavur is also the centre is not known to the home of the Tanjore visitors. There is a need to painting, a painting style upgrade the existing unique to the region. The information centre. South Zone Culture Centre in Thanjavur is one of During the peak time many regional cultural access, parking, basic centres established by environmental Indian Government to infrastructure is felt preserve and promote inadequate. traditional cultural heritage of India.

Thanjavur has few recreation spots namely, Sivaganga Park, Rajarajan Manimandapam and Tamil Conference Memorial Tower at the Tholkaappiar Square. The State and Central Governments are trying to promote infrastructure and tourism standards focusing on Thanjavur. iv. Muttukadu and Muttukadu is famous for its The two boat houses are (i) construction of entrance

Subproject Description Need of Project Proposed Components Mudaliarkuppam Boat backwater sports activities being operated and arch with security cabin, Area Improvement in like boating and maintained by TTDC. road, parking lot, office, Kachipuram District; windsurfing (during the Improvements in the boat toilets and reverse month of February). The houses are necessary to osmosis drinking water Muttukadu Boat House attract more tourists and plant; comes up with various generate more revenue. (ii) repair/renovation to training camps and existing buildings, signage competitions for water It is learnt that there are and landscaping; and sport lovers. It is also an inadequate tourist support (iii) procurement of boats ideal picnic spot for all age infrastructure facilities and and equipment groups. lacking in additional . physical infrastructure Mudaliar Kuppam is a facilities like motor boats, small village known for its waiting room, jetties, calm and picturesque restaurants etc in the boat surroundings with house areas. TTDC is backwaters and sand facing difficult to handle dunes. Boating, fishing and large number of tourists other water sports are during weekends and some of the major during festival seasons. activities around the area. There is a boat festival conducted by the TTDC to promote water sports in the state. There is also a beach island which can be reached after a 15 to 20 minute boat ride from Mudaliar Kuppam Boat House. v. Infrastructure A cluster of nine temples, There is a demand from (i) construction of parking development works at 6 referred to as the temple administrators to lots and accommodation different temples in Navagraha temples, bear add tourist support facilities; Thanjavur District; the common thread of their infrastructure facilities such (ii) improvement of temple association with the nine as clean drinking water tanks and existing celestial bodies referred to supply, public toilets, facilities; in Indian astrological parking and bins for solid (iii) provision of drinking beliefs. All of them are wastes. water, toilets, waste bins, located within a 60- compost pits, lights, kilometre radius around electrical wiring, signage, Kumbakonam in Thanjavur landscaping, solar district. systems, an escalator (at Swamimalai temple only); These temples have and unlimited potential to (iv) construction of attract pilgrim tourists pilgrims’ rest sheds, across India and also information centres and international tourists for its reinforced cement Cultural Heritage. concrete (RCC) / stone / corrugated sheets covered pilgrim pathways. vi. Infrastructure Swetharanyeswarar There is a demand from (i) construction of rest development works at Temple located in the town temple administrators to sheds, accommodation Thirvengadu Temple, of Thiruvenkadu The add tourist support facilities and reinforced Vaitheeswaran and temple is quite large and infrastructure facilities such cement concrete (RCC) Keelaperumpallam especially known for its as clean drinking water covered pathways, temples in Nagapattinam unique incarnate of Lord supply, public toilets, (ii) provision of high mast District; Shiva called "Agora parking and bins for solid lights, electrical wiring, Murthi". Thiruvengadu wastes. signage, solar systems, village is also famous for bins, landscaping, toilets its unique structure of and drinking water

Subproject Description Need of Project Proposed Components pools in temples. This facilities; and temple has 3 pools, 3 (iii) improvement of temple Gods. It is a belief that who tanks and facilities. takes bath in all these pools, the one will be free from their problems.

In Vaitheeswaran temple, Lord Shiva is worshipped as "Vaitheeswaran" or the "God of medicine"; worshippers believe that prayers to Vaitheeswaran can cure diseases. It is also one of the 9 Navagraha temples and the planet Mars (Angaraka) is also worshipped here. Believed to be the site of the curing of skin diseases. This site is known for its Naadi astrologers.

Keelaperumpallam temple in Tirunageswaram is a vast temple known for its shrine to Rahu, one of the nine celestial bodies in the Navagraha. Rahu is instrumental in strengthening one's power and converting even an enemy into a friend. Here Ragu resides with his wife and everyday, during Rahu kalam, when milk is poured over Rahu idol, it miraculously changes to blue color. vii. Infrastructure Abadhsagayeswaraswamy There is a demand from (i) construction of parking Development of Alangudi Temple is one of the temple administrators to lot, dormitory block, toilets Temple Area in Thiruvarur Navagraha temples. This add tourist support and bathrooms, rest District; is regarded as a infrastructure facilities such sheds; 'Gurustalam' where as clean drinking water (ii) Improvements to the Dakshinamurthy is held in supply, public toilets, moat around the temple great reverence, attracting parking and bins for solid complex, including huge crowds when Jupiter wastes. development of retaining transits between zodiac walls, on three sides; signs. Tourists throng this strengthening of existing place, particularly on the road; and day of Jupiter’s transit to (iii) provision of lights, the next sign, to solicit signage and bins. Jupiter’s protection from afflictions. viii. Improvement to Poompuhar, also called The site is presented (i) construction of parking Poompuhar tourist area in "Kaveripoompattinam" is mainly as a leisure and lot and walkway, theatre, Nagapattinam District; and an ancient historic town recreation center with water tank, 1 deep situated in Sirkali Taluk minimal interpretation of tubewell, pump rooms and (also spelt as Taluka) of the values. pipeline, and Nagapattinam District, It (ii) lighting, signage,

Subproject Description Need of Project Proposed Components was once a major port The development done in landscaping, fencing, during the reign of Cholas. past are not up to the handrails. After the Sangam Chola standard & not matching period a major part of with the Poompuhar town was surroundings/context. Also swallowed by the Bay of the development works are Bengal. done in haphazard manner. The site has lot of A fine beach and calm potential for development, water offer good bathing. it is still underdeveloped. TTDC offers shell-shaped The basic infrastructural cottages to tourists at a facilities are lacking. The moderate tariff. site requires landscaping, improved access, parking, lighting, walkways, drinking water facilities, development works at Kalaikoodam. Development of Ilanji Mandram with landscaping is required. ix. Improvement to Tamil This is a government run Assessment shows that (i) upgrade of entrance Nadu Tourism hotel and has one of the there are (i) inadequate gate with landscaping and Development Corporation better location among tourist infrastructure illumination; (TTDC) Beach Resort Mamallapuram budget facilities such as (ii) fencing facing the East Complex, Mamallapuram resorts. The beach interpretation centre and Coastal Road; and in . adjoining the resort is (ii) lacking basic physical (iii) provision of drinking relatively quiet and calm infrastructure facilities such water (reverse osmosis which attracts thousands as drinking water supply plant) of tourists all through the and sanitation facilities, year. For the more parking, solid waste bins. ecclesiastical tourists there are the temples besides the shores, rathas, Arjuna's penance that are exclusive to the region. A crocodile bank, snake venom extracting centre, schools of art and sculpture and a wide spectrum of resorts along the beach entice holiday- seekers all round the year.

B. Implementation Schedule

10. Detailed design will begin by 2012 and is expected to be completed in 9 months. A total of 18 months construction period is being considered.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

A. Environmental Profile – Tamil Nadu

1. Physical Characteristics

11. Administrative Boundaries. Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of the Indian peninsula is, spread over 130,058 square kilometres (sq km). It lies between 80 5" to 13 0 35" N and 76 0 15" to 80 0 20" E and accounts for about 4% of the total area of the country. It is

divided into 29 administrative districts, which in turn are further bifurcated into smaller divisions and sub-divisions, including a total of 16,317 villages. The state capital, Madras now renamed, as is the fourth largest city in the Indian subcontinent and 30th largest city in the world. It extends over an area of 174 sq km.

12. Topography and Soils. The topography of Tamil Nadu broadly consists of the coastal plains in the east; uplands and hills as one proceeds westwards; the plains account for more than half the area of the state. Soils are classified in to six orders, 12 sub-orders, 20 great groups, 44 subgroups and 94 soil families in the hierarchy. The six orders are Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols, Mollisols, Ultisols, Vertisols. Inceptisols cover about 50% of the state’s total geographical area followed by Alfisols (30%), Vertisols (7%), Entisols (6%), Ultisols (1%) and negligible area by Mollisols. About 5% of the area are miscellaneous land types, which include rocklands, marshes, urban areas and water bodies.

13. Climate. Barring the hills, the climate of Tamil Nadu can be classified as semi–arid tropic monsoonic. The maximum temperature in the plains is about 45°C in the summer and the minimum goes to about 10°C during the winter; the normal rainfall in the state is about 950 mm with an average number of 50 rainy days. The relative humidity is quite high for most part of the year especially from June to December. The maximum humidity recorded is during northeast monsoons. The minimum humidity occurs during the summer months. Between October and December, when north - east monsoon sets in, winds blow from north and northwest towards the east. In January and February, winds blow steadily from northeast, occasionally from the north and northwest. Between June and September, the winds reverse their direction and blow mostly from southwest. The maximum monthly wind speeds vary from 7 to 19 km/hour.

14. Hydrogeology. Tamil Nadu is water deficient state despite receiving approximately 950 mm of rainfall per year. Tamil Nadu has number of seasonal rivers; the, surface water resources are almost fully harnessed by impounding the available water in 61 major reservoirs and also in 39,202 big and small tanks. As per the estimates, 60% of the ground water resources have also been utilized. The groundwater tends to be brackish due to seawater intrusion.

15. River Cauvery is a major river in Tamil Nadu, which drains more than one third of the State. The quality of water is monitored by Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board in 16 places along the river. The overall analysis of the data reveals that the faecal contamination all along the course of the river basin due to unhygienic anthropogenic activities and disposal of either untreated or partially treated municipal waste water into the river system directly or indirectly. It is observed that the water quality of River Cauvery meet the standards prescribed for surface water criteria under class ‘C’ for all parameters except the parameters of total coliform.

2. Ecological Resources

16. The Forest department in Tamil Nadu is custodian of 22,845 sq km of forest land, which constitute 17.56% of the geographical area as against 33% targeted under the National Forest Policy, 1988. Nearly half of the forest area is subjected to heavy degradation on account of biotic pressure. The Nilgiris district has about 56.3% of the total area as forests followed by Dharmapuri with 38.0%. Dharmapuri, Erode, Vellore, Coimbatore, Thiruvannamalai, The Nilgiris, Dindigul, Salem, Thirunelveli and Theni Districts account for 79.8% of the total forest area of the state. Tamil Nadu is extremely rich in biodiversity but adequate attention has not been paid in the past to assess it effectively; as a result many species have become endangered.

17. Tamil Nadu has the distinction of a wide range of habitats in different sanctuaries, national parks and tiger reserves. The habitats extend all over the state. Most of the important mammals of india are found here. Among the rare and endangered animal species are the elephant, tiger, leopard, wilddog, striped hyena, jungle cats, jackals, indian pengolin, slender lories, lion tailed macaque, sloth bear, bison or gaur, blackbuck, nilgiris taur, grizzled giant squirrel dugong and mouse deer.

18. Tamil Nadu has also the unique distinction of having a marine biosphere reserve viz., the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve and also a hill biosphere reserve, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. It is noteworthy that the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is not only the first to be set up in India under the Man and Biosphere Programme, but also the only Indian biosphere reserve that has been included in UNESCO’s global network of biosphere reserves. Table 3 provides a summary of protected areas in Tamil Nadu.

Table 3: List of Protected Areas in Tamil Nadu Wildlife Sanctuary Bird Sanctuary National Park Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary Vedanthangal Birds Sanctuary Mudumalai National Park Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary Karikili Birds Sanctuary Indira Gandhi National Park Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary Lake Birds Sanctuary Mukurthi National Park Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary Vettangudi birds Sanctuary National Park Grizzled Giant Squirrel Wildlife Kanjirankulam Birds Sanctuary Gulf of Mannar Marine Park (21 Sanctuary Islands) Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary Chitrangudi Birds Sanctuary Vallanadu Black Buck Sanctuary Udayamarthandpuram Birds Sanctuary Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary Vaduvoor birds Sanctuary Kunthankulam-Kadankulam Birds Sanctuary Karaivetti Birds Sanctuary Vellode Birds Sanctuary Melaselvanur-Kilaselvanur Birds Sanctuary

19. The long coastline of over 1,000 kilometers forms a major natural resource with immense value for commercial, recreational and aesthetic purposes. The coastal stretch contains part of Chennai Metropolitan area, four municipal towns of Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Thoothukudi, Colachel and 21 town Panchayats/Townships. There are 30 village Panchayats and 13 villages along the coast notified by the MoEF, Government of India as Coastal Regulations Zone3. For regulating the development activities, the coastal stretches within 500 m of High Tide Line of the land ward side are classified into four categories of Coastal Regulation Zone. The ecologically sensitive areas along the East Coast are the (i) mangrove forest area of Pichavaram near Parangipettai (Porto Novo), (ii) bird sanctuary and wildlife and forest conservation zone near Point Calimere, (iii) oyster beds near Point Calimere, (iv) coral reef near Mandapam, (v) shell fishing area within Tuticorin harbour, (vi) sanctuary for coastal fauna at Kurusadai island, (vii) sponge beds at Manoli and PuttiIslands, and (viii) windowpane shell fisheries at point Calimere.

3 MoEF has constituted the Tamil Nadu Coastal Zone Management Authority (TNCZMA), the Chennai Metropolitan Coastal Zone Authority (CMCZA), and District Coastal Zone Management Committee (DCZMC). The TNCZMA meets regularly to discuss the measures to be taken in the coastal area, for protecting and improving the quality of the coastal environmental and preventing and abating and controlling environmental pollution in the coastal area of Tamil Nadu. The chairman of the authority is the Secretary to Government, MoEF and the Member Secretary is the Director, Department of Environment.

20. Wetlands are transitional zones that occupy an intermediate position between dry land and open water in Tamil Nadu. This term encompasses a diverse and heterogeneous assemblage of habitats ranging from rivers, flood plains and rainfed lakes to mangrove swamps, estuaries and salt marshes. Important wetlands in Tamil Nadu include Kazhuveli tank and Pulicat lake.

3. Socio-Economic Profile

21. Land Use. The geographical area of Tamil Nadu is 13 million ha. According to professional survey and also village records, the land use pattern during 2000-2001 is indicated in Table 3. Analyzing the land use pattern of the state, it is found that 43% of Tamil Nadu’s geographical area is under agriculture with a per capita figure of 0.0982 hectare (ha) of agricultural land. While agriculture and allied sectors account for nearly 62% of the total employment of the state, their contribution to economy is only 22%. The horticulture and plantation crops occupy a total of 753,985 ha of area.

Table 4: Land Use Pattern in Tamil Nadu (2000 to 2001) 1. Forests 2,133,654 2. Barren and Unculturable lands 475,850 3. Land put to Non-agricultural uses 1,978,320 4. Culturable Waste 348,640 5. Permanent Pastures and other grazing lands 122,585 6. Land under Misc. tree crops and groves not included in the Net area 242,990 7. Current fallow lands 1,085,385 8. Other fallow lands 1,139,522 9. Net area sown 5,464,376

22. Population. The total population of Tamil Nadu is 62,110,839 as per the provisional results of the Census of India 2001. In terms of population, it holds the sixth position among the States and Union territories in the country. Tamil Nadu is not only one of the most populous states of India but also densely populated. Density of population in Tamil Nadu is 478 persons per sq km whereas the national average is 324 persons per sq km.

23. The sex ratio (i.e., the number of females per thousand males) of population in the State has improved from 974 in the previous census to 986 in the present census. The literacy rate in the State has shown remarkable improvement. This has increased to 73.47% (40,624,398 persons) when compared to 62.66% ten years back during 1991 Census.

24. Agriculture. Tamil Nadu is gifted with 33 river basins, the largest one’s being, Cauvery, Pennaiaru, Vaigai and Tamaraparani. Of the total area in the state, 59.2% is under cultivation (not including forestlands). Rice and various pulses are grown extensively here. The annual food grain production exceeds 10 million tonnes, with rice alone contributing average 8 million tonnes. The main cash crops grown in the state are sugarcane, tobacco, chillies, and cotton, giving rich scope for the growth and development of the sugar, alcohol-based and textile industries. Other state-sponsored schemes include the large-scale cultivation of spices and oil seeds particularly groundnut, seasmum, castor and coconut. Sunflower has become increasingly popular in recent times. The diverse agro-ecological conditions also make this land ideal for growing fruits and vegetables. The state ranks first in the yield of mangoes and fourth in bananas and grapes.

25. Maritime Resources. Tamil Nadu has a long and glorious tradition of maritime activities. The tropical climate is conducive for the breeding varieties of fishes throughout the year. The

total fish production in the inland fishing was 1.01 lakh tonnes during 1996-97. However the marine fish products were in the order of 3.56 lakh tonnes. Moreover, the potential for inland fishing has not been utilized completely; pollution of coastal water is resulting in decreased catch per unit effort.

26. Mineral Resources. Minerals like limestone, lignite, granite, clay, gypsum, feldspar and graphite found abundantly in Tamil Nadu. Besides these, small quantities of gold, copper, magnesite, kaolin, bauxite, asbestos, etc. are also found here. Many industrial units have been set up for optimum utilisation of these mineral resources.

27. Industries. Being one of the most industrialised states of the country, the growth of factories and the number of persons employed in the industrial sector is quite high. The government of tamil nadu has promoted more than 120 industrial parks/estates all over the state. Developed industrial plots endowed with sound infrastructure support like, water supply, electricity, road link, communication facilities etc. Besides social amenities are available to investors. Further, the state government provides an attractive package of incentives to investors locating their projects in these industrial estates/parks.

28. Infrastructure. Tamil Nadu is ranked third in terms of infrastructure development among Indian states. Fairly well developed infrastructure and comfortable power situation offer a significant competitive advantage to Tamil Nadu in attracting investments. In terms of power availability, Tamil Nadu is one of the few states which is fairly comfortably placed in the power availability front. The gap between energy demand - supply is lower than all India averages. It is worthwhile mentioning that the state has also made pioneering attempts to harness non- conventional sources of energy especially wind power. In terms of water availability, the totally dynamic ground water resource in Tamil Nadu is estimated to be around 27,346 million cubic meters per year. The government has recommended that 15% of this should be reserved for domestic user and a similar quantum for industrial use - leaving enough ground water reserves to meet any additional new demands.

29. Tamil Nadu ranks second in terms of transport network. Roads and rail account for the maximum percentage of carrying goods. The state has a high percentage of surfaced roads spanning more than 138,500 km (as high as 64%). National Highways of length of about 2,000 km run through the state ensuring easy, uninterrupted movement of goods and passengers. The efficient railway network accounts for a large share in movement of bulk cargo such as well as finished goods. At present, the railway route length in the state spans more than 41,000 km, the rail length per 1,000 sq km area is 30.91 as against all India average of 19.01 km.

30. Colleges and Institutions. There has been a rapid growth in the number of institutions imparting education at the college level. There are 19 universities; in addition, there are 102 engineering colleges, 135 polytechnics, 526 industrial institutes, 244 arts and science colleges, 27 colleges of education, 15 oriental colleges, 5 physical education colleges and 2 schools of social work. Of late, all universities offer courses in management science. Besides a host of other educational institutions. The total number of engineering graduates produced every year in different disciplines is well over 23,000. Apart from this, skilled labour produced is 65,000 every year. Hence, there is no shortage of skilled manpower.

31. Languages. The official languages spoken in the state is Tamil one of the oldest languages greatly influenced by its rich and colourful past. Concerted efforts have been made over the last decade or so to preserve the purity and identity of the . Today, one can hear several languages such as Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi and other Indian languages

being spoken in the state. English is spoken with considerable fluency in most parts of the state.

32. Culture and Tradition. Tamil Nadu has a legacy of ancient tradition and rich cultural heritage. Dance forms like Bharathanatyam and various forms of music, including carnatic music, have flourished here for centuries. The awe-inspiring sculptures at the Shore Temple in Mahabalipuram and other similar art forms and sculptors found in the state date as far back as the 7th century AD famous temples, which still stand in all their pristine glory in several parts of this land, speak for themselves of the rich heritage of the Tamil people. Handicrafts include the most intricately carved designs in wood, stone and metal. The exquisitely carved Bronze and Tanjore plates deserve special mention.

33. Tourism. Growth in population has led to the enhanced growth in tourism. It is now considered to be one of the fastest growing industries in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu is especially fortunate in having its ancient and rich heritage preserved, which serves as a main tourist attraction throughout the state. For centuries, pilgrims have traveled the roads of Tamil Nadu to visit famous shrines of saints. This tradition applies to all the religions in the state - Saivism, Vaisnavism, Christianity, Islam, and Jainism.

B. Environmental Profile – Component Specific

34. Table 5 provides the environmental profile of the subproject sites.

Table 5: Environmental Profile of the Tamil Nadu Subproject Sites Subproject District Protected Area Baseline Environmental Profile (Yes/No); Archaeological Site (Yes/No); Forest Area (Yes/No); CRZ Area (Yes/No); If Yes, Provide Information i. Development of ecotourism Cuddalore Protected Area - No; Pichavaram is home to the second largest mangrove forest in the world, and it is facilities at Pichavaram Archaeological Site - one of the unique eco-tourism spots in South India. The backwaters, No; interconnected by the Vellar and Coleroon river systems, offer abundant scope Forest Area – No for water sports such as rowing, kayaking and canoeing. CRZ Area - No The Pichavaram mangrove biotope, consisting of rare species like Avicennia and Rhizophara; presents a special attraction. It supports the existence of many rare varieties of economically important shell and fishes. It also attracts an appreciable bird population. Amongst others, one can view birds like watersnips, cormorants, egrets, storks, herons, spoonbills and pelicans. The season for birds is from September to April every year. Peak population of birds could be seen from November to January. This is due to high productive nature (in terms of prey organisms) of the ecosystem and coincidence of the time of arrival of true migrants from foreign countries and local migrants from their breeding grounds across India. The availability of different habitat types such as channels, creeks, gullies, mud flats and sand flats and adjacent sea shore offers ideal habitat for difference species of birds.

TTDC offers boating facilities to the visiting tourists. TTDC’s Aringnar Anna tourist complexes houses, cottages and a restaurant catering to the needs of tourists. The subproject site is also in TTDC’s Aringnar Anna tourist complexes. The site is not located on the Pichavaram mangrove area but on the area already developed by the TTDC and allocated by the Forest Department as part of the tourist attractions. No activities will be carried out near or adjacent to the Pichavaram mangrove forest. ii. Conservation and restoration of Nagapattanam Protected Area - No; Tharangambadi (or Tranquebar) is a panchayat town in Nagapattinam District. important monuments at Archaeological Site – Its name means "place of the singing waves". It was a Danish colony from 1620 Tranquebar Yes, state-level to 1845. The town is spread out within an area of 0.56 sq km, inhabited by about archaeological site 1,700 households including the fisherman area. The ozone content of the Forest Area – No atmosphere in this area is believed to be the highest in India and sought out by CRZ Area - No tourists for its curative effects.

The subproject site is lies on a plain area along the on sea

Subproject District Protected Area Baseline Environmental Profile (Yes/No); Archaeological Site (Yes/No); Forest Area (Yes/No); CRZ Area (Yes/No); If Yes, Provide Information shore. The fort was first based in 1620 A.D. through most part of it has been reconstructed several times. It consisted of two large structures: (i) the rampant wall was a fairly large four-sided structure with bastions at each cardinal point; and (ii) along the three inner sides of the fort wall, a single storied building was constructed. On the eastern side of the fort, there was a two storied building facing the sea. It was the main building of the fort. The vaulted lower storey served as a magazine and a warehouse, while the vaulted upper storey contained the church and the lodging of the governor, the Senior merchants and the chaplain. The fort was surrounded by a moat and access to the fort was over a drawbridge. This moat has completely disappeared. Currently, the rooms on the southern side are in good condition, but the rooms on the western and northern sides have been completely damaged. Vegetation and plants found in the fort are mainly small patches of grasses. Fauna are those commonly found in sea side areas and no protected species have been recorded.

The subproject site is the Archaeological Museum inside the fort. The museum is maintained and managed by the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. No activities will be carried out near or adjacent to the nearest body of water (). iii Proposed Tourist support Thanjavur Protected Area - No; Thanjavur is situated in the Cauvery delta and spread out within an area of 36 infrastructure in the gateway town Archaeological Site - sq km. Though most of Thanjavur district is a level plain watered by the No; and tributaries, the taluk of Thanjavur is made up mostly of barren uplands Forest Area – No sloping towards the east. To the south of Thanjavur town, is the Vallam CRZ Area - No tableland, a small plateau interspersed at regular intervals by ridges of sandstone. The town has an elevation of 57 meters above mean sea level.

Thanjavur is well-connected by roads and railways with other parts of India and with cities and towns in Tamil Nadu. The nearest seaport in Nagapattinam which is 84 kilometres east of Thanjavur. The nearest airport is at Tiruchirappalli 56 km from Thanjavur.

Thanjavur's economy is mainly agro-based. The city acts as a focal point for food grains transported from the adjoining areas of the Cauvery Delta. The city also has some medium and small-scale enterprises. Tourism constitutes a major portion of the city's revenue. Thanjavur is known as the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu. The major crops other than paddy are blackgram, banana, coconut, gingelly,

Subproject District Protected Area Baseline Environmental Profile (Yes/No); Archaeological Site (Yes/No); Forest Area (Yes/No); CRZ Area (Yes/No); If Yes, Provide Information ragi, red gram, green gram, sugarcane, maize.

The subproject sites are government-owned properties. No land acquisition is required. Flora and fauna in the sites are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in the subproject sites. iv. Muttukadu and Mudaliarkuppam Kachipuram Protected Area - No; Muttukadu is located around Mamallapuram on the East Coast Road. This is a Boat Area Improvement Archaeological Site - large lake formed out of the backwaters from Bay of Bengal. The backwaters of No; Muttukkadu have been developed by TTDC to serve as a picnic spot and a Forest Area – No center for water sports. It has boating and wind surfing facilities. Training and CRZ Area – Yes; demonstration programmes are also organised for beginners. Muttukadu is a categorized as CRZ III paradise for anglers since prawns and jelly fish are in abundance here.

Mudaliarkuppam is 36 km down Mamallapuram on the East Coast Roads. TTDC has developed the backwater of Mudaliarkuppam as a boating house. Visitors and tourists rush in to this place to ply on the row boats, pedal boats and motor boats. The environment is similar to Muttukadu.

The subproject sites are existing TTDC facilities thus no land acquisition is required. Civil works will be limited on developed/built up areas in the boat houses. No new facilities/infrastructure will be constructed on waterbodies. v. Infrastructure development works Thanjavur Protected Area - No; The temples in the district are known all over the world. Thanjavur was the at 6 different temples Archaeological Site - cultural capital of the country in 1790. Thanjavur gained prominence during the No; period of Chola Kings, who made it as their capital. The only remains of its Forest Area – No glorious past are the beautiful temples that were built by the Cholas known for CRZ Area - No their amazing architectural wonder, and not less than 74 of them are around Thanjavur itself.

Temple 1: Kanchanur - This Shiva sthalam is associated with Sukran or Venus and is maintained by the Madurai Adhinam. It is located in a quiet hamlet of Thiruvaavaduturai. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site.

Temple 2: Suryanar Koil - situated 21 km from Swamimalai built in the year 1100 AD. This temple is dedicated to Sun God Surya who is known as the giver of

Subproject District Protected Area Baseline Environmental Profile (Yes/No); Archaeological Site (Yes/No); Forest Area (Yes/No); CRZ Area (Yes/No); If Yes, Provide Information health, success and prosperity. Every year in mid January, the harvest festival is celebrated in thanksgiving and to honour Surya. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site.

Temple 3: Tirunageshwaram - This vast temple known is for its shrine to Rahu located near Kumbhakonam. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site.

Temple 4: Sarangapani - Located near Uchipilliar Kovil Junction at Sarangapani East Street, this temple is considered one among the three major shrines of Lord Vishnu and it was renovated during the period of Nayaka Kingdom of 16th century. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site.

Temple 5: Swamimalai - Another revered shrine to Lord Muruga, it is located 45 km from Thanjavur. The temple sits on top of a hillock and can reach by a flight of 60 steps that are said to represent cycle of 60 years. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site.

Temple 6: Thingalur - Situated near Papanasam,. it is located at a distance of 18 km from Thanjavur. Dedicated to the moon or Chandran in Sanskrit and Thingal in Tamil, a visit to this temple is said to grant a comfortable and long life. In astrology, Chandran is the planet that removes stress and sorrow. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. vi. Infrastructure development works Nagapattinam Protected Area - No; Nagapattinam is a coastal city and a municipality in Nagapattinam District, at Thirvengadu Temple, Archaeological Site - notable for having been the capital of Dutch Coromandel between 1690 and Vaitheeswaran and No; 1781 and was carved out by bifurcating the composite Thanjavur district in 1991. Keelaperumpallam temples Forest Area – No Tourism plays a key economy for the district even though agriculture and fishing CRZ Area - No are the major ones. Shrines, places of Hindu faith, mosques form the spiritual tourism for the district .

Temple 7: Swetharanyeswarar - located in the town of Thiruvenkadu near

Subproject District Protected Area Baseline Environmental Profile (Yes/No); Archaeological Site (Yes/No); Forest Area (Yes/No); CRZ Area (Yes/No); If Yes, Provide Information Mayiladuthurai. The temple is quite large. Thiruvengadu village is also famous for its unique structure of pools in temples. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site.

Temple 8: Vaitheeswaran Koil (Chevvai Sthalam) – Located 27 km from , 110 km from Thanjavur and 16 km from Mayiladuthurai. It is believed that a bath in the holy waters of the Siddhamirtham tank within the temple complex will cure all diseases. Also it is a belief that dissolving "holy jaggery" (tamil:vellam) in the water will cure one of skin diseases. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site.

Temple 9: Keelaperumpallam (Kethu Sthalam) - Located at 6 km from Thiruvengaadu on the way to Poompuhar on the Poompuhar-Mayiladuthurai road. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built- up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. vii. Infrastructure Development of Thiruvarur Protected Area - No; Some of the crops grown in Tiruvarur district are rice, pulses, sugarcane, Alangudi Temple Area Archaeological Site - groundnut, gingelly, and cotton. People of the district are also engaged in dairy, No; fishery and handloom industry. Forest Area – No CRZ Area - No Alangudi is located 35 km from Thiruvarur and 15 km from Kumbakonam. It is surrounded by three holy rivers - Cauvery, Kolidam and Vennaru. Fifteen theerthams are around this temple, among which the Amrita Pushkarani encircling the temple is very famous. Chakra theertham is in front of the temple. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. viii. Improvement to Poompuhar Nagapattinam Protected Area - No; Poompuhar mis a town in the Nagapattinam District. It was once a flourishing tourist area Archaeological Site - ancient port city known as Kaveripattinam, which for a while served as the No; capital of the early Chola. It is located near the mouth of the Kaveri river, aside Forest Area – No the sea coast. Much of the town was washed away by what is now speculated to CRZ Area – Yes be a tsunami around 500 AD. The town had two distinct districts: Categorized as CRZ- Maruvurpakkam near the sea and Pattinappakkam to its west. These two III districts were separated by a stretch of gardens and orchards. The enchanting sea side and the golden sandy beach of Poompuhar makes the place a

Subproject District Protected Area Baseline Environmental Profile (Yes/No); Archaeological Site (Yes/No); Forest Area (Yes/No); CRZ Area (Yes/No); If Yes, Provide Information “paradise” of nature lovers. The crystal clear water of the river Kaveri and the tall coconut trees bordering the river gives a divine look to the place. The city is also famous for numerous sculptures, temples and monuments which reflect the rich architectural history of the ancient times. The city is adorned with buildings that portray the artistic skills of the Chola dynasty.

The subproject sites will be on existing infrastructures and government-owned land. No land acquisition is required. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. No activities will be carried out near or adjacent to the nearest body of water (Bay of Bengal).  ix. Improvement to Tamil Kanchipuram Protected Area - No; Mamallapuram is located 60 km south from Chennai. The city is well connected Nadu Tourism Archaeological Site - through a network of roads from Chennai and other important cities of South Development Corporation No; India. It has various historic monuments built largely between the 7th and the 9th (TTDC) Beach Resort Forest Area – No centuries, and has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Though it Complex, Mamallapuram CRZ Area – Yes; is no longer a port, Mamallapuram has retained its fame in stone. It is among the categorized as CRZ III most outstanding examples of Dravidian art and architecture and a jewel in the crown of Tamil Nadu. In a land that is liberally strewn with some of the best in temple art. Unfortunately most of the work was left incomplete, and time and nature have also eroded the remains of this once great port.

The beach of Mahabalipuram attracts thousands of tourists all through the year. TTDC maintains and manages a beach resort complex here.

The subproject site is on the existing TTDC beach complex and government- owned land. No land acquisition is required. Flora and fauna in the site are those commonly found in developed/built-up areas. No protected species have been recorded in this site. No activities will be carried out near or adjacent to the nearest body of water (Bay of Bengal). Notes: Protected Area incluses wildlife sanctuary, bird sanctuary, or national park; CRZ = Coastal Regulation Zone; TTDC = Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

35. The assessment for each of the subprojects has been carried out for potential impacts during the following stages of the project planning and implementation:

(i) Location impacts. Impacts associated with site selection, including impacts on environment and resettlement or livelihood related impacts on communities; (ii) Design impacts. Impacts arising from project design, including the technology used, scale of operations, discharge standards, etc.; (iii) Construction impacts. Impacts resulting from construction activities including site clearance, earthworks, civil works, etc.; and (iv) O&M impacts. Impacts associated with the operation and maintenance of the infrastructure built in the project.

36. The ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for Urban Development was used during preparation of this IEE to screen the subproject for environmental impacts and categorization of the project (Appendix 2). Table 6 provides the potential environmental impacts and the mitigation measures including the responsibilities for implementing the same. Subproject components assessed to have similar impacts (e.g. intervention in temple complexes) are grouped together.

A. Location Impacts

37. Land Acquisition and Resettlement. The proposed subproject locations are within the lands available with the government. There are no impacts envisaged on land acquisition or resettlement due to the proposed subproject components.

38. Site Selection. The locations considered for the subproject are within the areas designated for eco-tourism as part of developing Tamil Nadu’s conservation, heritage, natural and cultural attractions, and are outside areas demarcated for habitat protection and conservation. The proposed infrastructures will not impact any environmentally-sensitive or protected areas however will require adequate provisions to minimize falling of trees and minimize cutting of slopes. The proposed development in temple complexes will be on the existing infrastructures that been developed and used already. Parking and connectivity improvements are proposed within available government lands and right-of-ways. No structural modifications are proposed in state-protected archaeological sites; to ensure that any location impacts due to the siting of the proposed tourist infrastructures in the periphery of the forts, an archaeological survey will be carried out prior to finalization of the detailed designs for the parking and interpretation facility. All designs will be reviewed by Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology and contractors will be selected from the approved Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology certified contractor list indicating those firms with proven track records on previous archaeological sites.

39. Priority is to locate construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas near the subproject sites. However, if it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, sites to be considered will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems. Residential areas will not be considered to protect the human environment (i.e., to curb accident risks, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust, and noise, and to prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities, and crime). Extreme care will be taken to avoid disposals near the sensitive area like the

Pichavaram mangrove forest. All locations will be included in the design specifications and on plan drawings.

B. Design Impacts and Pre-Construction Impacts

40. Impacts arising from the inappropriate designs of proposed facilities would in general include the inadequate drainage provisions, contemporary designs for the traditional and cultural environment, etc. Selection of materials, if not carefully chosen, will adversely impact the aesthetic appeal of the surroundings. The results of interventions are unobtrusive and will be integral part of the overall ambience so as to avoid impacts on the aesthetics of the site. Structural designs to be worked out in such a manner that exposed steel and concrete structures are avoided. All detailed designs for the ancient temples will be reviewed by Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology and contractors will be selected from the approved Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology certified contractor list indicating those firms with proven track records on previous Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology sites.

41. All component designs will be worked out to minimize any impacts on the adjoining properties, and considering the drainage and sewerage connections on the road. Given that the there is a need for disposal of construction wastes, the contractors will be required to consult with the Project Implementation Unit (PIU), Panchayat offices, and Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board for safe disposal sites.

42. Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water and sewer lines within the existing right- of-way (ROW) may be damaged. The mitigate the adverse impacts due to relocation of the utilities, the Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC) and PIU will:

(i) Identify and include locations and operators of these utilities in the detailed design documents to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during construction phase; and (ii) Require construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services.

C. Construction Impacts

43. The impacts are generic to the construction activities in all subproject locations. All construction activities to be undertaken at the site will be approved by competent authority before start of any such activity in the vicinity of the site so that the history and sanctity as well as the usability of the site by the projected number of tourists are not hampered. Hence, the EMP emphasizes on the construction impacts and necessary mitigation measures to be strictly followed by the contractor and supervised by the DSC. Key impacts during construction, in addition to those pertaining to the direct impacts on the archaeological monument are envisaged on the following aspects: (i) drainage, (ii) quarry/borrow pit operations, (iii) slope cutting and slope Stability (iv) water bodies and drainage courses (v) dust generation, air and noise from construction activities, (vi) handling of construction materials at site, (vii) adoption of safety measures during construction; and (viii) community health and safety.

D. Operation and Maintenance Impacts

44. The impacts pertaining to regulation of tourist movements, etc. will be addressed through an assessment of the carrying capacity of the wetland, and the potential for sustainable ecotourism development. Planning of the extent of facilities and infrastructure in line with the carrying capacity as well as the involvement of the local communities in the operation and

management of the tourism facilities created in the project will address the operation stage impacts. Other impacts during operation of the tourism assets created in the project will be due to lack of appropriate maintenance of various tourist facilities created including the camping sites around the forest guest houses, toilets, parking facilities apart from drainage and solid waste management of the tourist destinations. These impacts are proposed to be addressed through participation of the communities in management and operation of such facilities. The participation of the local communities will include but not limited to management of camping sites, operation of boating and recreational facilities in the wetland in designated recreational zones, collection of wastes, operation of toilet facilities, timely clean up of waste disposed by the tourists and aesthetics through appropriate maintenance of landscaping.

45. The improved tourist facilities will greatly improve the environmental quality in and around the destinations, and also enhance the attractiveness of these destinations. While the enhanced tourist generation due to these improvements may not be significant, the facilities will enhance the site experience of the tourist/pilgrim. The project will facilitate environmental improvements through the provision of training to operators for all sanitation and solid waste facilities provided by the Project, in order to sustain any improvements made.

E. Cumulative Impact Assessment

46. The cumulative impact assessment (CIA) examined the interaction between the subproject’s residual effects (i.e., those effects that remain after mitigation measures have been applied) and those associated with other past, existing and reasonably foreseeable future projects or activities.

47. Two boundaries, spatial and temporal, were used. Spatial boundary refers to the area immediately surrounding the subproject location; while the temporal area considers the potential cumulative effects associated with subproject construction, and operation and maintenance, and those associated with other past, existing and reasonably foreseeable projects in the vicinity of the subproject. For the subproject, the spatial boundary is the area of the subprojects including existing ROWs. The temporal boundary can be considered as the districts where the subproject sites are located.

48. The subproject’s potential cumulative effects were considered with respect to valued components (VCs), identified in the IEE as air quality, noise, surface water quality, geophysical (hydrogeological), traffic management, social-economic and socio-community, and human health. The cumulative impacts were assessed in four areas:

(i) Of any potential residual project effects that may occur incrementally over time; (ii) Consideration of other known relevant projects or activities within the specified study area boundaries, even if not directly related to the subproject; (iii) Potential overlapping impacts that may occur due to other developments, even if not directly related to the proposed project; and (iv) Future developments that is reasonably foreseeable and sufficiently certain to proceed.

49. Air quality effects will occur during construction. Consequently, although emissions of common air contaminants (CAC) and fugitive dust may be elevated in proximity to active work sites, this impact will be short-term and localized to the immediate vicinity of the alignment. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions may increase as a result of project activities (i.e., vehicle and equipment operation, concrete production, disposal of excavated material, land filling of

residual wastes). Given the subproject’s relatively minor contribution to CAC and GHG emissions during construction, the overall significance rating of both these potential residual effects is considered to be negligible during construction.

50. Noise levels in the immediate proximity of most work sites are expected to increase during construction. The duration of this exposure will be relatively brief. This exposure represents temporary, localized, adverse residual effect of low to moderate significance for affected receptors. While building damage due to ground vibrations is unlikely, there may annoyance to spatially located receptors during construction. Noise levels associated with the subproject operations will be largely imperceptible as civil works will be confined in relatively small sites within the district proper.

51. Since the subprojects will be built in existing infrastructures, it will not conflict with existing or planned land use. However, traffic management concerns will occur spatially during construction. Site-specific mitigation measures will be implemented during construction to address temporary disruptions to land use, limitations on access to roads, sidewalk closures, traffic delays and detours, parking modifications, and increased volumes of construction–related traffic. There should be improved traffic movement along the alignment once construction is completed. During operations of the improved infrastructures and services, added residential developments, commercial and business facilities and increased densities are expected to develop and enhance the subproject area. This can be considered a long-term cumulative benefit of the subproject.

52. Adverse impacts such as localized disruption of vehicle traffic and pedestrian movements in areas along the alignment, and elevated CAC and fugitive dust emissions in proximity to work sites, elevated noise and vibration levels and visual impacts will occur during construction. These short-term effects will be mitigated by providing alternate travel routes or alternating traffic movements and, where possible, access to businesses, schools and residences. However, upon completion of construction the socio-community will benefit from improved tourism infrastructure. This is considered a long-term cumulative benefit.

53. No adverse residual effects to human health will occur as a result of subproject construction or operation. While exposure to elevated noise levels and fugitive dust and CAC emissions will occur in proximity to subproject work sites during construction, due to their short- term, localized nature, these effects are expected to be minor and insignificant with no measurable effects on human health. The subproject operations will benefit the general public by contributing to the long-term improvement of tourism in Tamil Nadu.

F. Package Specific EMPs

54. The specific measures stated in the EMP will address all adverse environmental impacts due to the subproject. A detailed monitoring plan prepared as part of this IEE will ensure negative environmental impacts during implementation are mitigated. During the detailed design stage, the IEE/EMP will be further updated and stand-alone EMPs for each of the procurement packages will be prepared. These EMPs will be appended to the respective contract documents to enable integration of environmental provisions in the contract. A template has been attached as Appendix 3.

Table 5: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam Location Impacts

1.1 Location impacts pertain Permanent Moderate         Location of the subprojects within PIU/DSC to siting of facilities and coastal areas will be finalized in conformity to improvements within the the provisions in the Coastal Regulation Zone boundaries of the coastal Notification. The proposed interventions will be regulated zones and temple monument mapped onto the CRZ zones, to ensure that complex and other cultural there is conformity with the notification.Siting of heritage destinations the components and planning of construction activities will be worked out to avoid sensitive ecological and cultural resource areas. Within radii of 100m and 300m from the “protected property” are designated as “protected area” and “controlled area” respectively. No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the “protected area” and development activities likely to damage the protected property are not permitted in the “controlled area” without prior permission of the (Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology.  Along other significant tourist destinations, the siting of components will be in line with the master plan for the respective destination.  All construction activities will minimize the clearance of trees wherever practicable. 1.2 Impacts on archaeological Permanent Major   An archaeological survey by the Tamil PIU/DSC remains, if any, due to Nadu Department of Archaeology will be carried siting of project out at the proposed site, to confirm non- components in and around the protected monuments. existence of any remains, in the proposed site. In the event of the survey indicating any presence of archaeological remains, an alternative location will be identified in the vicinity, or the design of the proposed facility be

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam modified to ensure no impact on the archaeological remains.  Construction and excavation activities in prohibited and protected areas around the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology monument will be undertaken only after obtaining the necessary permits and clearances in accordance with the terms and conditions of a licence granted under rule 13 of the Archaeological rules. 1.3 Lack of sufficient planning Permanent Major         In accordance with the provisions in the PIU/DSC to assure long term subproject selection criteria, the subproject sustainability of the design will include adequate provisions for improvements and ensure protection of the assets ensuring effective maintenance and protection of created and the the assets created so as to ensure the long term architectural character of sustainability of the sites. the surroundings.  The designs will be worked out and implemented in accordance with the provisions. Further, the design guidelines for the project components will strictly conform to Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu architecture. 2. Design and pre- construction Impacts

2.1 Layout of components to Permanent Major         The project components (location of PIU/DSC/ avoid impacts on sensitive tourist information centre, parking, road Contractor areas alignment, locations where the toilet blocks, provision of water supply to tourists, parking, footpaths, signage, etc.) siting will avoid impacts on the coastal areas, mangrove areas, and temples/monument. Access roads to the construction sites will be worked out to ensure minimal impacts.

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam 2.2 Increased storm water Moderate         Design of proposed components will PIU/DSC runoff from alterations of Permanent enable efficient drainage of the sites and the site’s natural drainage maintain natural drainage patterns. patterns due to landscaping, excavation works in the periphery of the mangrove forest, boat areas, construction of parking lots, and addition of paved surfaces. 2.3 In areas of shallow water Permanent Moderate         At locations with shallow water table, PIU/DSC table, ensure that the the design of the septic tanks will be done to septic tanks developed, do ensure that there is a difference of at least 1.5m not impact the ground water quality between the bottom bed of the septic tank and the maximum ground water level, to avoid any contamination of ground water. 2.4 Selection of materials and Permanent Moderate         Designs to be worked out in such a PIU/DSC construction technologies, manner that exposed steel and concrete if not carefully chosen, will structures are avoided. The design brief for all adversely impact the aesthetic appeal of the components proposed will strictly conform to the destinations Tamil Nadu architecture. The usage of heavy construction machinery within the existing premises will be disallowed, except for handheld equipments, if necessary. Any new landscaping elements will only utilize native species to protect local biodiversity 2.5 Integration of energy Permanent Low         The detailed designs for the subproject PIU/DSC efficiency and energy components will ensure that energy efficiency conservation programs in design of subproject components 3 Pre-construction Activities  by Contractor 3.1 Construction Camps – Temporary Moderate         The construction camps will be located Contractor/

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam Location, Selection, at least 1000m away from eco-sensitive zones DSC Design and Layout (Pichavaram mangrove forest and Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology temples) and 500m away from settlements.  The construction camps including sanitation facilities, shelter, canteen, first aid, health care, day crèche facilities must be adequately drained, and must not be subject to periodic flooding, nor located within 300 feet of swamps, pools, sink holes or other surface collections of water unless such water surface can be subjected to mosquito control measures. The camps must be located such that the drainage from and through the camps will not endanger any domestic or public water supply. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water is adequately drained and stagnation is avoided from becoming a nuisance. 3.2 Defining of Temporary Moderate         Construction work area will be Contractor/ construction/work areas demarcated on ground. Free-standing fencing DSC on ground, for activities will be erected in advance of construction works within 200m to 500m of the High Tide Line in CRZ- to protect the Monuments and known III areas and archaeological features near to the construction archaeological footprint and any working areas. monuments  No construction works, storage of materials be allowed within 100 m of the boundaries of such protected/sensitive areas.  Planning of works to ensure that no entry will be allowed by employees/construction/site workers to the protected areas during the construction period to

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam limit disturbance impacts on the associated habitats and fauna.  Monuments /archaeological remains will be avoided during construction works by marking out the areas on ground. 3.3 Circulation plan during Temporary Moderate         Prior to commencement of site Contractor/ construction in the tourist activities and mobilization on ground, the DSC/PIU destinations and temples Contractor will prepare and get approved by the Engineer, circulation plan during construction for safe passage of tourists/pilgrims during construction stage, including development of alternative access routes, traffic regulations, signages, etc., during construction.  The Contractor with support of the PIU will carry out dissemination of these information and circulation plan at key entry points to the respective destinations. 3.4 Site clearance activities, Temporary Moderate         The commencement of site clearance Contractor/ including delineation of activities will be undertaken with due permission DSC construction areas from the Environment Specialist of the DSC consultant to minimize environmental impacts.  All areas used for temporary construction operations will be subject to complete restoration to their former condition with appropriate rehabilitation procedures. 3.5 Drinking water availability Temporary Major         The contractor will be responsible for Contractor/ and water arrangement arrangement of water in every workplace at DSC suitable and easily accessible place for the whole construction period. Sufficient supply of cold potable water to be provided and maintained. If the drinking water is obtained from an intermittent public water supply then,

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam storage tanks will be provided. 3.6 Identification of disposal Permanent Major         Location of disposal sites will be Contractor/ sites finalized by the Environmental Specialist of the DSC DSC and he will confirm that: disposal of the material does not impact natural drainage courses or surface water bodies or low lying areas and that no endangered / rare flora is impacted by such materials 3.7 Ensure waste Temporary Major         Environmental specialist to work with management is addressed local body to design improved waste in design management plan for site. 4 Construction Impacts  4.1 Improper stockpiling of Temporary Moderate         Due consideration will be given for Contractor/ construction materials material storage and construction sites such that DSC cause impacts starting it doesn’t cause any hindrance to tourists from obstruction of drainage, disturbance/ movement within the site. Stockpiles will be safety hazard to tourists, covered to protect from dust and erosion. etc. 4.2 Quarry / Borrow pits Permanent Moderate         Adequate safety precautions will be Contractor/ Operations ensured during transportation of quarry material DSC from quarries to the construction site. Vehicles transporting the material will be covered to prevent spillage. Operations to be undertaken by the contractor as per the direction and satisfaction of the Engineer. 4.3 Stripping, stocking and Permanent Moderate         The topsoil from borrow areas, areas of Contractor/ preservation of top soil cutting and areas to be permanently covered DSC (proposed site for information centre and other tourism infrastructure and from the road alignment) will be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm, translocated and stored in stockpiles.

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam  The stockpile will be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal). Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handling will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles will be covered with gunny bags or tarpaulin. It will be ensured by the contractor that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles. Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned to cover the disturbed area and cut slopes. 4.4 Soil Erosion Temporary Moderate         The work will consist of measures as Contractor/ per design, or as directed by the Engineer to DSC control soil erosion, sedimentation and water pollution. 4.5 Blasting Permanent Moderate         Except as may be provided in the contract or ordered or authorized by the Engineer, the Contractor will not use explosives. Where the use of explosives is so provided or ordered or authorized, the Contractor will comply with the requirements of the following Sub- Clauses of MoRTH 302 besides the law of the land as applicable.  The Contractor will at all times take every possible precaution and will comply with appropriate laws and regulations relating to the import, handling, transportation, storage and use of explosives and will, at all times when engaged in blasting operations, post sufficient warning flagmen, to the full satisfaction of the Engineer.  The Contractor will at all times make

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam full liaison with and inform well in advance and obtain such permission as is required from all Government Authorities, public bodies and private parties whomsoever concerned or affected or likely to be concerned or affected by blasting operations.  Blasting will be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid-day), as permitted by the Engineer. 4.6 Soil and Water Pollution Temporary Moderate         The fuel storage and vehicle cleaning Contractor/ due to fuel and lubricants, area will be stationed such that water discharge DSC construction waste does not drain into the water body. Soil and water pollution parameters will be monitored as per monitoring plan. 4.7 Siltation of water bodies Temporary Moderate         Silt fencing to be provided at all water Contractor/ due to spillage of bodies near construction sites to prevent DSC construction wastes sediments from the construction site to enter into the watercourses. The number of units of silt fencing to be installed is to be decided by the engineer.  Haul roads on the site and approaches to the watercourse (or drains leading to watercourses) will be regularly cleaned to prevent the buildup of mud; areas of bare soil will be kept to a practical minimum to reduce silt runoff. No disposal of construction wastes will be carried out into the river. Extraneous construction wastes will be transported to the pre-identified disposal site for safe disposal. 4.8 Generation of Dust Temporary Moderate         The contractor will take every Contractor/ precaution to reduce the levels of dust at DSC construction sites to the satisfaction of the

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam Engineer. All earthwork to be protected/covered in a manner acceptable to the satisfaction of the engineer to minimize dust generation. Clearance will be affected immediately by manual sweeping and removal of debris, or if so directed by the Engineer, the road surfaces will be hosed or watered using necessary equipment. 4.9 Emission from Temporary Moderate         The discharge standards promulgated Contractor/ Construction Vehicles, under the Environmental Protection Act, will be DSC Equipment and Machinery strictly adhered to. All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will conform to the relevant Standard.  All vehicles, equipments and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements. 4.10 Noise from construction Temporary Moderate         Maintenance of vehicles, equipment Contractor/ Equipments and machinery will be regular and to the DSC satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a minimum.  All vehicles and equipment used for construction will be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found to be defective will be replaced. Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured at one metre from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 dB (A). Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam item of plant(s) will comply with the relevant legislation for levels of noise emission. 4.11 Material Handling at Site Temporary Minor         All workers employed on mixing Contractor/ asphaltic material, cement, lime mortars, DSC concrete etc., will be provided with protective footwear and protective goggles.  Workers, who are engaged in welding works, will be provided with welder’s protective eye-shields.  Workers engaged in stone breaking activities will be provided with protective goggles and clothing and will be seated at sufficiently safe intervals.  The use of any toxic chemical will be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The Engineer will be given at least 6 working days notice of the proposed use of any chemical. A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site will be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register will include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product. 4.12 Disposal of Construction Temporary Moderate         Safe disposal of the bituminous wastes, Contractor/ Waste / Debris / Cut extraneous material will be ensured in the pre- DSC Material identified disposal locations. In no case, any construction waste will be disposed around the project road indiscriminately. 4.13 Safety Measures During Temporary Moderate         Personal Protective Equipment for Contractor/ Construction workers on the project and adequate safety DSC

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam measures for workers during handling of materials at site will be taken up.  The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress. 4.14 Risk caused by Force Temporary Minor         All reasonable precaution will be taken Contractor/ Majure to prevent danger of the workers and the public DSC from fire, flood, drowning, etc. All necessary steps will be taken for prompt first aid treatment of all injuries likely to be sustained during the course of work. 4.15 Malaria Risk Temporary Minor         The Contractor will, at his own Contractor/ expense, conform to all anti-malaria instructions DSC given to him by the Engineer. 4.16 Religious Structures Temporary Major         All necessary and adequate care will be Contractor/ taken to minimize impact on cultural properties. DSC No work will spill over to these properties, premises and precincts. Access to such properties from the road will be maintained clear and clean.  Contractors will be required to coordinates with the temples management for traffic and mobility plan during construction works. Activities will be kept to minimum during peak pilgrimage seasons. Directional signage and billboards specifying the on-going activities and schedules will be posted in conspicuous areas. 4.17 Chance finds of Temporary Moderate      The contractor will take reasonable Contractor/ archaeological Property / precaution to prevent his workmen or any other DSC

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam remains persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing and will, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the Engineer’s instructions for dealing with the same, awaiting which all work will be stopped 100 m all directions from the site of discovery.  The Engineer will seek direction from Archaeologist at the Department of Archaeology before instructing the contractor to recommence work on the site. 4.18 Clearing of Construction of Temporary Major         Contractor to prepare site restoration Contractor/ Camps & Restoration plans for approval by the Engineer. The plan is DSC to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization.  On completion of the works, all temporary structures will be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the Contractor’s expense, to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer. 5 O&M Impacts  5.1 Environmental Conditions Temporary Moderate         The tourism department / forest Tourism department will undertake seasonal monitoring department of air, water, noise and soil quality through an approved monitoring agency. The parameters to be monitored, frequency and duration of monitoring as well as the locations to be monitored will be as per the Monitoring Plan prepared. 5.2 Uncontrolled tourism Temporary Major         While the environmental monitoring Tourism

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam development can cause plan actions during the operation stage will department with congestion, increased result in monitoring of the environmental impacts support from pollution, and deterioration after project implementation, the Master Plan will HR&CE of destinations. Over- include apart from provision of development department commercialization of cultural traditions may controls and regulations in the zone, measures degrade the natural and for tourism planning for the key destinations. cultural identity of the site These plans will be implemented to avoid uncontrolled tourism development at these locations. 5.4 Management of the toilet Temporary Moderate         The tourism department HR&CE Tourism and blocks departmentwill carry out regular cleaning of the HR&CE septic tanks to prevent any impacts, including department with participation by pollution of ground water and nearby water communities courses. For increased volumes of wastewater generation will ensure proper and adequate treatment and disposal facilities. 5.4 Management of water  quality of the tanks 5.5 Unhygienic condition due Temporary Moderate         The Tourism department/ communities Tourism to poor maintenance of will carryout maintenance of the toilets, and department sanitation facilities and carry out the regular collection of wastes, and irregular solid waste collection in the project will also ensure that: Sanitation improvements site necessitate regular proposed do not result in pollution of maintenance of groundwater. Sanitary facilities do not interfere constructed infrastructure. with other utilities and block access to buildings, cause nuisance to neighboring areas. The transfer of waste will also ensure no spillage and all wastes will be transported to a designated solid waste treatment site. 5.6 Increased waste loads Temporary Moderate         In line with the Government targets of Urban onto the existing waste coverage of all urban and rural areas with development disposal facilities (that are environmentally safe solid waste management department

Duration/ Field Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Thanjavur Poompuhar Tranquebar Fort Pichavaram TTDC Complex Mamallapuram TTDC Complex Temples Tourist Infrastructure Muttukaduand Mudaliar Kuppam non conformant to the systems, the tourist destinations will be covered Government requirements with integrated waste management facilities, for SWM) including treatment and disposal, in line with the SWHR, the Government.  Table 6: Indicators and Targets for Environmental Performance Parameters to be Indicators Targets Frequency Responsibility Remedial action Monitored Construction Stage Ambient air quality RPM, SPM, SO2, NOx, NAAQMS (2009) Once in a season Contractor through Stricter implementation of emission norms CO (except monsoons) for approved Monitoring the entire construction Agency period Dust suppression No. of tankers for water No dust rising from Random checks PIU through DSC Increase in frequency of water sprinkling sprinkling, Timing of construction site, No dust sprinkling, Location of rising from haul roads, sprinkling Twice daily sprinkling Surface and ground pH, BOD, Faecal Coli Designated best use Twice a year (pre Contractor through Identify source of contamination and treat water quality form parameters monsoon and post approved Monitoring effluent before discharge into receiving waters. monsoon) for the entire Agency Instruct contractor against violation and in case period of construction of continued non compliance invoke penalty Silt runoff in water location of silt fencing Locate while working Throughout construction PIU through DSC clauses bodies close to water bodies period Working condition Maintain the geo textile Throughout construction PIU through DSC free from clogging period Effluent discharge TDS, TSS, pH, Discharge standards of Twice a year (pre Contractor through from construction Hardness, BOD, Faecal CPCB for receiving monsoon and post approved Monitoring camps Coli form waters monsoon) for the entire Agency period of construction Ambient noise Equivalent Day & Night NANQS Once in a season during Contractor through Identify noise source and strictly regulate noise Time Noise Levels construction stage approved Monitoring emissions. In case of continued non-compliance Agency invoke penalty clauses against contractor Machinery noise Noise dB(A) <75 dB(A) at 1m free field Once in a season during Contractor through from M/C construction stage approved Monitoring

Parameters to be Indicators Targets Frequency Responsibility Remedial action Monitored Agency Noise from Timings of construction Only day time at Continuous PIU through DSC construction settlements activities OHS Management Plan covers all activities Compliance with Continuous Contractor Identify non-compliance and modify plan Plan applicable labour laws Supply of PPE provision of PPE on Compliance with OHS Continuous Contractor Ensure adequacy as per plan and instruct site, adequacy of contractor to comply. In case of continued non- equipment compliance, invoke penalty clauses Training in H&S No. of sessions Compliance with OHS Continuous conducted, Percent attendance Establishing medical Installation of equipment Compliance with OHS Start of construction facilities specified in OHS Plan camp Safety plan Reporting compliance Compliance with OHS Continuous Contractor Ensure compliance as per plan and instruct implementation contractor to comply. In case of continued non- OHS Site maintenance, Compliance with OHS compliance, invoke penalty clauses Implementation Medical facilities record maintenance, Training sessions Accident record No. of fatal accidents, Compliance with OHS No. of injuries, No. of disabilities Community Health Reporting compliance Compliance with OHS Continuous Contractor Ensure compliance as per plan and instruct and Safety plan contractor to comply. In case of continued non- Dissemination of No of community health Compliance with OHS compliance, invoke penalty clauses Community health dissemination sessions, issues dissemination mechanisms Health records No. of recorded cases Compliance with OHS of community health as respiratory illness, HIV/STD, Operation stage Wintering birds Total count Not to be lower than Once in a year (for 3 PIU through Seek inputs of biodiversity experts and baseline days in December) Monitoring Agency undertake necessary measures for improving compared with the upon the indicators. baseline data Resident and Point counts Not to be lower than Between February and breeding birds baseline may of every year population Habitat quality Shannon-weiner index Not to be lower than Once in each season baseline (sampling for 3 seasons during peak period of the respective season) Fish diversity using Catch per unit effort Not to be lower than Once in each season catch per unit effort baseline

Parameters to be Indicators Targets Frequency Responsibility Remedial action Monitored method Drainage Time required for Within 30m of rainfall Thrice a year, before, PIU Assess need for drainage improvements, and if effectiveness draining stopping during and after the required provide additional facilities as per Water logging / No of locations, extent No waterlogging / monsoons design recommendations. flooding of retention flooding Survival Rate Percent of No. of Survival rate > 75%, Twice a year for two PIU through Plant more trees to compensate for lower saplings survived, Normal years Monitoring Agency survival rates extent of growth Economic indicators Income levels, livelihood Equivalent to baseline Once a year, for five PIU through Initiate detailed socio-economic studies. Identify options, especially on conditions years from the Monitoring Agency reasons for economic decline and correlation tourism completion of the project with study interventions. Notes: RPM = respirable particulate matter, SPM = suspended particulate matter; SO2 = sulphur dioxide; NOx = nitrogen oxides; CO = carbon monoxide; NAAQMS = National Ambient Air Quality Management Standards; PIU = Project Implementation Unit; DSC = Design and Supervision Consultant; BOD = biological oxygen demand; CPCB = Central Pollution Control Board; NANQS = National Ambient Noise Quality Standard; db(A) = decibel; OHS = Occupational Health and Safety; PPE = personal protection equipment; H&S = health and safety;

V. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Institutional Arrangements

55. The Government of Tamil Nadu through Department of Tourism and Culture (DOT&C), is the Executing Agency (EA). The EA (i) assumes overall responsibility for the execution of the Project and reporting; (ii) engage adequate permanent or fixed-term staff to implement the Project; (iii) setup a state-level project management unit (PMU) and project implementation units (PIU); (iv) provide overall strategic guidance on technical supervision and project execution; and (v) ensure overall compliance with the loan covenants.

56. The implementing agency (IA) is the Tamil Nadu Department of Tourism (DoT). The IA’s responsibilities include (i) project planning and budgeting; (ii) day-to-day assistance, supervision and guidance for the project implementation units and their consultants; (iii) review subprojects for due diligence requirements and approve subproject proposals; (iv) bidding, evaluation and contract award; (v) managing and disbursing funds; (vi) review compliance with loan covenants, contract specifications, work plans and quality control; and (vii) consolidate and submit progress reports, finance and accounting / audit reports, and matters requiring higher-level decision to state-level empowered committee (SLEC) and ADB.

i. Program Management

57. State Level Project Empowered Committees. An SLEC has been established in Tamil Nadu, chaired by each state’s Chief Secretary, with Principal Secretary/Secretary of the Department of Tourism as member secretary and comprised of secretaries from relevant line departments.4 The SLEC have been empowered to take all decisions on behalf of the State and will (i) act as a policy making body, (ii) provide overall advice and guidance to the State’s executing agency and PMU, and (iii) accord all approvals under the Project.

58. Project Management Unit. DoT has established a PMU, headed by a full-time program director (PD), and consisting of personnel drawn from relevant line departments and market. The PMU is the nodal agency for overall management of all program activities and will be responsible for: (i) project planning and budgeting; (ii) providing day-to-day assistance, supervision and guidance for the PIUs and their consultants; (iii) reviewing subprojects to satisfy ADB’s due diligence requirements and approving subproject proposals submitted by PIU and line departments; (iv) bidding, evaluation and contract award; (v) managing and disbursing funds; (vi) reviewing compliance with loan covenants, contract specifications, work plans and quality control; (vii) consolidating and submitting progress reports, finance and accounting/audit reports, and matters requiring higher-level decision, to the SLEC and ADB. The PMU will be supported by a team of consultants.

4 The members of the Tamil Nadu SLEC will be: Chief Secretary, (chair); Principal Secretary/Secretary, Tourism and Culture; Secretary, Department of Finance; Secretary, Planning and Special Initiatives; Secretary, Public Works Department; Secretary, Highways and Minor Ports; Secretary Forests and Environment; Secretary, Housing and Urban Development; Secretary, Municipal Administration, Water and Sanitation; Secretary, Rural Development; Secretary Power; Secretary, Revenue Department; Secretary, Department of Health and family Welfare; Secretary, Agriculture; Secretary, Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE), Commissioner, Department of Archaeology; Secretary, Department of Transport; and Commissioner, Department of Tourism.

59. Project Implementation Unit. The IA will have PIUs for the implementation and monitoring of subprojects, comprising of personnel drawn from relevant line departments and outside of government (market) and each headed by a project manager. The PIUs will be responsible for: (i) prioritizing and preparing subproject proposals; (ii) providing day-to-day assistance, supervision and guidance to the design and supervision consultants; (iii) conducting detailed assessments and surveys including public consultation and input from stakeholders; (iv) preparing detailed designs, specifications, schedule of quantity, bidding documents, and related documentation; (v) implementing civil works and related activities; (vi) reporting to PMU; (vii) preparing regular progress reports for the SLEC, the executing agency and ADB through PMU; and (viii) supervising construction, conducting quality control, approving progress payments to contractors; and (ix) maintaining records and accounts on an up-to-date basis and making these available to ADB, its missions, or auditors for inspection.

60. Project Management Consultants. The Project Management Consultants (PMC) will be engaged to provide support to the PMU in overall planning, risk management, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects under the Investment Program. The PMC will also assist the PMU and PIUs in meeting the relevant requirements of ADB, Government of Tamil Nadu, and Government of India for project implementation. The PMC will report to and work under the overall guidance of the PMU. The scope of services of the PMCs will include but not necessarily be limited to: (i) planning, reporting, and communication; (ii) establishment of procedures and systems; (iii) review and preparation of plans, manuals and reports; (iv) overall Investment Program management, monitoring and implementation of PPMS; and (v) social, environmental, archaeological, occupational health and safety, community participation and gender action compliance monitoring.

61. Design and Supervision Consultants. The DSCs will be engaged to provide all necessary support to and coordination with the EA, IAs, PMU and any other consultants engaged by the authorities to achieve the desired outcomes of the Investment Program. For Tamil Nadu, 2 DSC teams will be required. The DSCs will report to and work under the overall guidance of the PIUs. The scope of services of the DSCs will include but not necessarily be limited to: (i) surveys, verification of feasibility studies and base maps; (ii) project planning and management support to the PIU; (iii) finalization of design criteria, preparation of manuals, guidelines and systems; (iv) preparation of detailed design and bid documents; (v) construction management and contract administration; (vi) environmental, social, archaeological, cultural heritage, community participation and gender action compliance monitoring; and (vii) capacity building of the service providers for operational sustainability.

ii. Safeguards Management

62. An Environmental Staff is deputized to the PMU, and responsible for implementation of the environmental safeguard provisions.

63. Within the PMC team, a Safeguards Specialist provides overall direction for management of environmental and social issues, and provides technical support to the PMU including implementation of the environmental requirements, according to ADB requirements, and assists in monitoring impacts and mitigation measures associated with subprojects. The responsibilities of the PMC Safeguards Specialist – Environment include but not limited to: (i) review the updated IEE prepared by the DSCs for Project 2 after the detailed designs, and guide the DSCs/PIUs to address observations from ADB on the IEEs/EMPs; (ii) ensure that the project design and specification adequately reflect the IEEs/EMP; (iii) support PMU in ensuring conformance to the ADB Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 on environmental

safeguards and the provisions of the EARF; (iv) prepare IEEs and other safeguards reports for subsequent projects under the Investment Program; (v) assist PMU in establishing grievance redress mechanism under the Investment Program; (vi) guide and monitor DSC safeguard specialists’ works on environmental safeguards; (vii) based on the project requirements, carry out site visits along with the PMU to address issues if any, with respect to EMP implementation; (viii) carry out capacity building of the PMU/PIU environmental safeguards personnel; (ix) assist PMU in review of the monthly monitoring reports from PIU of EMP implementation, and in reparation and submission of semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB; (x) coordinate in obtaining of requisite clearances, permits, and approvals for the project; (xi) monitor construction activities to ensure in compliance with the IEE/EMP and advise DSCs/PIUs for compliance with statutory requirements; (xii) review and approve the Contractor’s Implementation Plan for the environmental measures as per IEE/EMP; (xiii) establish dialogue with affected communities and ensure that the environmental concerns and suggestions are incorporated and implemented in the project; (xiv) review environmental performance of the project through an assessment of the periodic environmental monitoring reports submitted by the DSC, and initiate necessary follow-up actions; (xv) provide support and assistance to government agencies and ADB to supervise the implementation of the IEE/EMP during the construction as well as operation stage of the project; (xvi) assist the PMU/PIUs in disclosure of the safeguards documents in accordance with the EARF requirements; and (xvii) ensure IEEs/EMPs are reviewed and approved by ADB prior to contract award.

64. The Environmental Specialist of the DSC team will: (i) assist in preparing and update subproject IEEs in respect to environmental management plans (EMPs) in compliance with the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, national- and state-level environmental policies, rules, and regulations; (ii) interact on a regular basis with the sector specialists of the DSC and integrate environmentally sound practices into the detailed design of project components. Include mitigation measures in designs where appropriate, and to specify other measures in construction contracts; (iii) assist the PIU in monitoring impacts and mitigation measures associated with subprojects in accordance with the IEEs, EMPs, and/or environmental mitigation action plan as well as any other environmental issues and take corrective actions where needed; (iv) assist in the review and approval of site specific environmental enhancement/mitigation designs worked out by the Contractor to ensure compliance with the IEE and EMP; (v) assist the PIU in preparing monthly and annual environmental compliance reports for all works in accordance with the EMP for each of the subprojects and the overall Project; (vi) develop, organise and deliver environmental training programs and workshops for the staff of the PIU and Contractors and in accordance to the Capacity Building Program as specified in the IEE. Provide training to the PIU for environmental management and monitoring during construction and operation; (vii) advise PMU/PIU for compliance with statutory clearances; (viii) develop good practice construction guidelines to assist the contractors in implementing the provisions of IEE; (ix) work with local NGOs to conduct environmental awareness events which highlight conservation and benefits of eco-tourism principles; and (x) assist Environmental Specialist of the PMU to prepare good practice dissemination notes based on the experience gained from site supervision.

65. Contractors will be required by their contracts to implement all specified mitigation, monitoring, and reporting assigned to contractors as presented in subproject IEE. Environmental monitoring will be undertaken by the PMU supported by the PMC Environmental Specialist.

66. The project includes upfront5 and ongoing supervision and training assistance for environmental monitoring reporting in project management structures. The effective implementation of the measures proposed will be ensured through the building up of capacity towards environmental management within the PMU supplemented with the technical expertise of a Safeguards Specialist as part of the DSC Consultants.

B. Environmental Monitoring Plan

67. Environmental monitoring will be done during construction in three levels; namely monitoring development of project performance indicators done by the DSC Environmental Specialist, monitoring implementation of mitigation measures done by the Contractor; and overall regulatory monitoring of the environmental issues done by the PMU Environmental Specialist. The environmental monitoring plan for the project is presented in Table 6. The proposed monitoring of all relevant environmental parameters, with a description of the sampling stations, frequency of monitoring, applicable standards and responsible agencies are presented.

Table 7: Monitoring Plan for the Tamil Nadu Subproject Sl. Parameters to be Attributes Stage Location Frequency Responsibility No. Monitored 1 Air Quality Construction RPM, SPM, SO2, All construction sites Once in a Contractor, to be Stage NOx, CO season (except monitored through monsoons) for approved the entire Monitoring Agency construction period 2 Water Construction TDS, TSS, pH, All construction sites Twice a year Contractor, to be quality Hardness, BOD, (pre monsoon monitored through Faecal Coli form and post approved monsoon) for Monitoring Agency the entire period of construction 3 Mangrove Construction ,Physico-chemical All construction sites Continuous Department of health stage, to be characteristics, Science and quality followed up Technology through monitoring during project the regional centre operation to be developed Construction Water quality of All construction sites Three times a Forest Department stage, to be the mangrove area year (peak of followed up for pesticides, summer, winter during project hardness and and monsoon) operation heavy metals 4 Biodiversity Operation Habitat quality Pichavaraaram Mangrove Once in a year Forest department stage (using standard Forest (for 3 days in with support from vegetation December) NGOs/ communities analysis compared with techniques) by the baseline permanent data vegetation plots in each habitat Heritage Construction Visual inspection Tranquebar Fort Area Continuous DSC/ Tamil Nadu protection stage, of works at Department of heritage buildings Archaeology/ PIU

5 Upfront capacity for environmental safeguards is ensured through bridging TA consultants hired to train and familiarize safeguards staff on the ADB SPS and other implementation requirements.

Sl. Parameters to be Attributes Stage Location Frequency Responsibility No. Monitored 4 Noise Construction Equivalent Day & All construction sites Once in a Contractor, to be Levels – Stage Night Time Noise season during monitored through silence Levels construction approved zones stage Monitoring Agency 5 Survival Operation Survival Rate In the landscaped portions Twice a year Forest Department Rate of Stage for two years landscaping 6 Socio- Operation Income levels, The surrounding villages to Once a year, Tourism economic stage livelihood options, ensure equitable for five years department, along monitoring especially on distribution of economic from the with the village eco tourism benefits to local completion of development communities the project committees and forest department

C. Capacity Building

1. Target Audience

68. The Environmental Specialist of the DSC will provide the basic training required for environmental awareness followed by specific aspects of infrastructure improvement Projects along with Environmental implications for projects located within / in the vicinity of natural and cultural heritage sites. Specific modules customized for the available skill set will be devised after assessing the capabilities of the members of the Training Programme and the requirements of the project. The entire training would cover basic principles of environmental assessment and management; mitigation plans and programmes, implementation techniques, monitoring methods and tools. The proposed training program along with the frequency of sessions is presented in Table 7 below.

Table 7: Training Modules for Environmental Management Programme Description Participants Form of Duration/ Training Training Location Conducting Agency A. Pre-Construction Stage Sensitization Introduction to Tourism / Workshop ½ Working Environmental Workshop Environment: Forest / Roads Day Specialist of the Basic Concept of / Culture DSC environment Department Environmental Officials, Regulations and Project Director Statutory requirements (PD) and as per Government of Environmental India and ADB Specialist (ES) of the PMU/PIU Session I Module I Introduction to PMU/PIU Lecture 1Working Safeguards Environment: (including the Day Specialist of the Basic Concept of ES) and DSC environment Engineering Safeguards Regulations staff of the and Statutory implementing requirements as per agencies Govt of India and ADB Guidelines on cultural resources, Environmental

Programme Description Participants Form of Duration/ Training Training Location Conducting Agency considerations in planning, design and implementing projects Module II Environmental PMU/PIU Workshop ¼ Working Safeguards components impacted in (including the Day Specialist of the construction and ES) and DSC operation stages Engineering Activities causing staff of Tourism pollution during dept construction and operation stages Environmental Management Environmental Provisions Implementation Arrangements Methodology of Assessment Good engineering practices to be integrated into contract documents Module III Environmental PMU/PIU Lecture / 2 working Safeguards considerations in (including the Interactive days specialist of the planning, designing and ES) and Sessions and PMC with support implementing heritage Engineering site visits from the buildings and staff of Tourism Conservation conservation projects dept specialist of the PMC Module IV Improved Co-ordination PMU/PIU Lecture / 1Working Safeguards with other Departments: (including the Interactive Day Specialist of the Statutory Permissions – ES) and Sessions DSC Procedural Engineering Requirements staff of Tourism Co-operation & Co- dept ordination with other Departments. Module V Environmental principles Local Lecture / ½ Working Institutes as the of eco-tourism and Community Interactive Day Wildlife institute of training and awareness Groups, NGOs Sessions India building B. Construction Stage Session II Module VI Role during Construction Engineers and Lecture / ½ Working Safeguards Roles and staff of line Interactive Day Specialist of the Responsibilities of departments of Sessions DSC officials / contractors / the consultants towards Government of protection of Tamil Nadu, environment and PMU/PIU Implementation (including the Arrangements ES) Monitoring mechanisms Module VII Monitoring and Reporting Engineers and Lecture / ½ Working Safeguards System staff of Interactive Day Specialist of the implementing Sessions DSC agencies , and PMU/PIU (including the

Programme Description Participants Form of Duration/ Training Training Location Conducting Agency ES) Session III Module VI Identification of bird Staff of forest Site visits, 5-7 working Institutes as the species in Pong department, interactive days Wildlife institute of Wetland, habits of youth in the sessions India species, biology and villages in ecology of important periphery of the species wetland, and Basic knowledge of other NGOs in reptiles, amphibians and the district fauna Identification of plants, including medicinal plants Orientation on wetland ecology, monitoring methods, use of instruments as binoculars, digital camera, GPS, etc. Module VII Skill upgradation on youth in the Site visits, 5-7 working Tourism ecotourism and nature villages in the interactive days department, and guides periphery, and sessions Institutes as the Dealing with tourists, other NGOs in Wildlife institute of Interpretational skills, the district India micro-planning, natural resources, management of self-help groups, etc.

D. Environmental Budget

69. As part of good engineering practices in the project, there have been several measures as erosion prevention, rehabilitation of borrow areas, safety, signage, provision of temporary drains, etc., the costs for which will be included in the design costs of specific subprojects. Therefore, these items of costs have not been included in the IEE budget. Only those items not covered under budgets for construction and RP are costed in the IEE budget. The IEE costs include mitigation, monitoring and capacity building costs. The summary budget for the environmental management costs for the subproject is presented in Table 8.

Table 8: Environmental Budget Sub-total Item Quantity Unit Cost (US$) Source of Funds Cost (US$) Environmental Monitoring (a) Design Stage to establish Lump $2,000 per $9,000 DSC Cost baseline environmental data sum component (b) Construction Phase $ 5000 per - Construction component- Contractor’s costs (c) O&M - - Implementing agencies’s cost Capacity Building Expenses $25000 $25,000 PMC/DSC Cost

E. Environmental Monitoring and Reporting

70. The PMU will monitor and measure the progress of EMP implementation. The monitoring activities will be corresponding with the project’s risks and impacts and will be identified in the EIAs/IEEs for the subprojects. In addition to recording information of the work, deviation of work components from original scope, the PMU and PIU will undertake site inspections and document review to verify compliance with the EMP and progress toward the final outcome.

71. DSC will submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to PIU, who will take follow-up actions, if necessary. PIU will submit the quarterly monitoring and implementation reports to PMU who will then submit to the PD. The PMU will submit semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. The suggested monitoring report format is in Appendix 4. Project budgets will reflect the costs of monitoring and reporting requirements. For subprojects likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts during operation, reporting will continue at the minimum on an annual basis. Monitoring reports will be posted in a location accessible to the public.

72. For projects likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts, the EA will retain qualified and experienced external experts to verify its monitoring information. The EA will document monitoring results, identify the necessary corrective actions, and reflect them in a corrective action plan. The EA, in each quarter, will study the compliance with the action plan developed in the previous quarter. Compliance with loan covenants will be screened by the EA.

73. ADB will review project performance against the EA’s commitments as agreed in the legal documents. The extent of ADB's monitoring and supervision activities will be commensurate with the Project’s risks and impacts. Monitoring and supervising of social and environmental safeguards will be integrated into the project performance management system. ADB will monitor projects on an ongoing basis until a project completion report is issued. ADB will carry out the following monitoring actions to supervise project implementation:

(i) conduct periodic site visits for projects with adverse environmental or social impacts; (ii) conduct supervision missions with detailed review by ADB’s safeguard specialists/officers or consultants for projects with significant adverse social or environmental impacts; (iii) review the periodic monitoring reports submitted by EA to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are mitigated as planned and as agreed with ADB; (iv) work with EA to rectify to the extent possible any failures to comply with their safeguard commitments, as covenanted in the legal agreements, and exercise remedies to re-establish compliance as appropriate; and (v) prepare a project completion report that assesses whether the objective and desired outcomes of the safeguard plans have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of monitoring.

VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Process for Consultation followed

74. During Project preparation, consultations have been held with the Tamil Nadu Department of Tourism (TTDC), Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) Department, other religious institutions, Panchayat councils, Highways Department, Forest Department and Environment Department on selection of subprojects and identification of key

issues including addressing the current gaps in provision of basic services and improvement of tourist infrastructure. Table 9 provides the list of stakeholders consulted during the preparation of this IEE.

Table 9: Consultations with Stakeholders Tourism Department Hindu Religious and Religious Panchayats Others Charitable Endowments institutions (HR&CE) Department Mr. V. K. Jeyakodi - Principal Mr. Thenarasu - Asst. Representative Ms. Julied Highways Secretary, Tourism Commissioner, HR&CE, of Thiru Arputharaj, Department Swamimalai Aadhinam, Chairman, Mr. Santhosh Dr. A. C. Mohandoss, - Vaitheeswaran Velankanni Kumar, Asst Commissioner for Tourism & Mr. Rajasaravana Kumar – Kovil Town Engineer, Managing Director for TTDC Executive Officer, HR&CE, Panchayat Highways Dept, Thiruvenkadu & Very Rev. Fr. Chidambaram Dr. Bhaktavatchalam - Joint Kelaperumpallam A. Michael, Ms. Margret Director, Tourism Rector Susila, Department of Mr. Thiravium – Velankanni Executive Environment Mr. Venugopal - Assistant Administrative Officer, Church Officer, T.S. Director, Tourism HR&CE, Alangudi Velankanni Srinivasamurthy, Very Rev. Fr. Town I.F.S, Director of Mr. Gunasekaran - Tourist Mr. Krishnakumar – B. Arokiadoss, Panchayat Environment Officer , Mamallapuram Executive Officer, HR&CE, Parish Priest Sarangapani temple and Velankanni The Ms. Tamilarasi - Tourist Kanchanur Temple Church President, Officer, Chidambaram Thirukadaiyur Mr. Kannan - Inspector, Panchayat Mr. G. Ramamoorthy - Tourist HR&CE, Thiruvedimaruthur Officer, Chidambaram Mr. Mohanasundaram - Mr. Rajasekar - Tourist Asst. Commissioner, Officer, Poompukar HR&CE, Thirunageswaram

Mr. Ramamurthy - Tourist Officer, Thanjavur

Mr. Ramadoss - Asst. Tourist Officer, Mamallapuram

Mr. Srinivasan - Asst. Engineer, TTDC, Chennai

Mr. Samson Kanakaraj – Manager, Muttukadu Boat House

Mr. K. Ravendran - TTDC Beach Resort Manager

Mr. C. Krishnamoorthy - Manager, Boat House, Mudhaliyarkuppam Boat House

Mr. Raman - Superintendent, TTDC, Poompuhar

B. Plan for Continued Public Participation

75. To ensure continued public participation, provisions to ensure regular and continued stakeholder participation, at all stages during the project design and implementation is proposed. A grievance redressal cell will be set up within the PIU to register grievances of the people regarding technical, social and environmental aspects. This participatory process will ensure that all views of the people are adequately reviewed and suitably incorporated in the design and implementation process. Further, to ensure an effective disclosure of the project proposals to the stakeholders and the communities in the vicinity of the subproject locations, an extensive project awareness campaigns will be carried out.

76. The implementing agency will submit to ADB the following documents for disclosure on ADB’s website: (i) the final IEE; (ii) a new or updated IEE and corrective action plan prepared during project implementation, if any; and (iii) the environmental monitoring reports.

77. For the benefit of the community the Summary IEE will be translated in the local language (Tamil) and made available at: (i) Office of the PMU; and, (ii) Office of the District Collectors at Kancheepuram, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Tanjavur and Tiruvarur districts. These copies will be made available free of cost to any person seeking information on the same. Hard copies of the IEE will be available in the PMU/PIU as well as the district library atKancheepuram, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Tanjavur and Tiruvarur districts , and accessible to citizens as a means to disclose the document and at the same time creating wider public awareness. On demand, the person seeking information can obtain a hard copy of the complete IEE document at the cost of photocopy from the office of the PMU/PIU, on a written request and payment for the same to the Project Director. Electronic version of the IEE will be placed in the official website of the Tourism Department and the website of ADB after approval of the documents by Government and ADB. The PMU will issue notification on the disclosure mechanism in local newspapers, ahead of the initiation of implementation of the project, providing information on the project, as well as the start dates, etc. The notice will be issued by the PMU in local newspapers one month ahead of the implementation works. This will create awareness of the project implementation among the public. Posters designed to mass campaign the basic tenets of the IEE will be distributed to libraries in different localities that will be generating mass awareness.

C. Grievance Redress Mechanism

78. The EA will establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples’ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the Project’s environmental performance. The project-specific grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is not intended to bypass the government’s own redress process; rather it is intended to address affected people's concerns and complaints promptly, making it readily accessible to all segments of the affected people and is scaled to the risks and impacts of the Project.

79. The PMU and PIUs will make the public aware of the GRM through public awareness campaigns. Grievances can be filed in writing using the Complaint Register and Complaint Forms (Appendix 5) or by phone with any member of the PMU or PIU. The contact phone number of the PIUs and the PMU will serve as a hotline for complaints and will be publicized through the media and placed on notice boards outside their offices and at construction sites. The safeguard documents made available to the public in an accessible version will include information on the GRM and will be widely disseminated throughout the corridor by the

safeguards officers in the PMU and PIUs with support from the NGO engaged to implement the Community Awareness Program.

80. The PIUs will convene Grievance Redress Committees (GRC) within one week of the voiced grievance at the project level consisting of members of local government, NGOs, project staff, and representatives of the affected people. Decisions on the grievance are to be made within 15 days voiced grievances. If the grievance cannot be solved, the PMU is notified to further advise on the situation with higher government and legal bodies.

81. The GRC will ensure rights of vulnerable and poor are included. The grievance mechanism will be scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the Project. It will address affected people's concerns and complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all segments of the affected people at no costs and without retribution. The mechanism developed will be in a manner that it shall not impede access to the existing judicial or administrative remedies. The affected people will be appropriately informed about the mechanism.

82. The PMU officers will be responsible for processing and placing all papers before the GRC, maintaining database of complaints, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings and monitoring to see that formal orders are issued and the decisions carried out. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting / information dissemination) will be borne by the PMU.

83. The safeguard monitoring reports will include the following aspects pertaining to progress on grievances: (i) number of cases registered with the GRC, level of jurisdiction (first, second and third tiers), number of hearings held, decisions made, and the status of pending cases; and (ii) lists of cases in process and already decided upon may be prepared with details such as Name, ID with unique serial number, date of notice, date of application, date of hearing, decisions, remarks, actions taken to resolve issues, and status of grievance (i.e., open, closed, pending).

VII. FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS

84. The proposed subproject components involve various interventions in and around the natural and cultural heritage destinations. However, the selection of components in line with the subproject selection criteria, and ensuring that the components are in line with the management plan for the national park avoids any significant encroachment / direct impact onto environmentally sensitive locations or protected area networks. Further, the siting of the locations for the components has been based on appropriate considerations to minimize environmental impacts. The subproject will conform to all Government and ADB regulations, policies, and standards including all necessary government permits and clearances.

85. The significance of the environmental impacts will be more due to the construction related impacts. It is to be noted that the resultant potential impacts from these proposals can be offset through provision of proven mitigation measures during the design and adoption of good engineering practices during construction and implementation. Further, the provision of environmental infrastructure, including access to sanitation and waste management facilities within the tourist areas, will better the environmental conditions and minimize the pollution related and aesthetic quality near the tourist areas and the other destinations.

86. The specific management measures laid down in the IEE will effectively address any adverse environmental impacts due to the subproject. The effective implementation of the measures proposed will be ensured through the building up of capacity towards environmental management within the PMU supplemented with the technical expertise of a Safeguards Specialist as part of the DSC Consultants. Further, the environmental monitoring plans provide adequate opportunities towards course correction to address any residual impacts during construction or operation stages.

VIII. CONCLUSIONS

87. The IEE carried out for the subproject show that the proposed sub-components will result in net environmental benefits, and that any adverse environmental impact can be addressed through proper location, planning, and design of the proposed subproject; control of construction activity and mitigation measures. The EMP provides for mitigation of all identified impacts and the contract clauses for the environmental provisions will be part of the civil works contracts. Further, the proposed subproject elements have been consulted with the stakeholders and no significant issues requiring redressal in terms of environmental safeguards exist.

88. Based on the findings of the IEE, the classification of the subproject as Category “B” is confirmed, and no further special study or detailed EIA needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS (2009).

APPENDIX 1 CONTRACT CLAUSES TO BE INTEGRATED INTO BID DOCUMENTS

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 The Contractor will be responsible for implementation of environmental provisions outlined in the EMP, in addition to adhering to all environmental provisions in the applicable specifications for the works will be adhered to as part of good engineering practices.

1.2 All works undertaken towards protection of environmental resources as part of the EMP and as part of good engineering practices while adhering to relevant specifications will be deemed to be incidental to works being carried out and no separate payment will be made unless otherwise specified explicitly. The costs towards environmental management as per EMP unless otherwise provided as a separate head, will be deemed to be part of the BoQ of the project. The scope of works of the contractor towards the implementation of the environmental provisions will be as follows:

 Abide by all existing Environmental regulations and requirements of the Government of India , during implementation,  Compliance with all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements set out in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP)  Submission of a method statement detailing how the subproject EMP will be complied with. This will include methods and schedule of monitoring.  Monitoring of project environmental performance and periodic submission of monitoring reports.  Compliance with all measures required for construction activities in sensitive areas, including Protected areas (natural tourism assets) and heritage monuments, in line with the regulatory requirements of these Protected / Heritage areas, and the guidelines set forth in the management plans for these areas, including the necessary archaeological surveys prior to commencement of works, obtaining clearances/permits to excavate & construct in protected areas around Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology sites.  Compliance of all safety rules at work, and Provision of adequate health and safety measures such as water, food, sanitation, personal protective equipment, workers insurance, and medical facilities.

1.3 The detailed provisions for specific environmental issues will be as outlined in the EMP table on impacts and mitigation measures. Key clauses are outlined in the following sections.

2.0 MOVEMENT / CIRCULATION PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION

2.1 For all construction activities in active tourist destinations, the Contractor will prior to initiation of construction activities, prepare and get approved by the Engineer, a construction plan including the staging, sequencing of construction activities, circulation plans to ensure smooth movement to pilgrims and tourists, including provision of alternative routes, etc. The plans will be disseminated at key entry points to these tourist locations.

3.0 QUARRY AND BORROWING

3.1 The contractor will identify and seek prior approval of the engineer for quarrying and borrowing operations. Quarry and borrowing will be carried only from locations approved by the

engineer. Quarrying, if required in the project will be only from approved quarries and no new quarries will be opened for the purposes of the project. Any deviation from the provisions will be immediately notified and approval of the engineer is to be sought.

3.2. The Contractor will maintain all borrow sites, stockpiles, and spoil disposal areas so as to assure the stability and safety of the works and that any adjacent feature is not endangered, and to assure free and efficient natural and artificial drainage, and to prevent erosion. Stockpiling of materials (topsoil, fill material, gravel, aggregates, and other construction materials) will not be allowed during rainy season unless covered by a suitable material. Storage on private property will be allowed if written permission is obtained from the owner or authorized lessee.

3.3. Borrow areas and quarries will be sited, worked, and restored in accordance with the specifications. Spoils will be disposed of at approved disposal sites prepared, filled, and restored in accordance with the related specification requirements.

3.4. Following excavation for the works, the Contractor will take all steps necessary to complete drainage and slope protection works in advance of each mining season. Erosion or instability or sediment deposition arising from operations not in accordance with specifications will be made good immediately by the Contractor at the Contractor’s expense. The Contractor will take all steps necessary to complete drainage in advance of each rainy season in the areas excavated for borrow materials.

3.5. For excavation activities in and around the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology or state protected monuments, the Contractor will carry out the same only after duly obtaining permits/licences for the same in line with the provisions of the legislations governing these activities in monuments.

4.0 DEBRIS DISPOSAL

4.1 The contractor will prior to start of construction and dismantling operations identify potential sites for disposal of hazardous construction debris, sites for general construction wastes and domestic wastes from construction camps. The contractor will obtain approval on identified sites from the Engineer of Supervision Consultant and disposal will be only after consent letter from the Engineer.

5.0 PRECAUTIONS FOR PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES

5.1 The Contractor will ensure that construction activities do not result in any contamination of land or water by polluting substances.

5.2 Unless otherwise provided in the specifications, the Contractor will ensure that no trees or shrubs or waterside vegetation are felled or harmed except those required to be cleared for execution of the works. The Contractor will protect trees and vegetation from damage to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

5.3 The Contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works and to the extent practicable, will ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking and heating in all camps and living accommodations. Any wood so used must be harvested legally, and the Contractor will provide the Engineer with copies of the relevant permits, if required.

5.4 The Contractor will take all precautions necessary to ensure that vegetation existing adjacent to the project site is not affected by fires arising from the execution of the contract. Should a fire occur in the natural vegetation or plantation adjacent to the project site for any reason, the Contractor will immediately suppress it. Areas of forest, shrub, or plantation damaged by fire considered by the Engineer to have been initiated by the Contractor’s staff or laborers will be replanted or otherwise restored.

5.5 The Contractor will confine operations to the dry season, use silt traps and dispose spoils in locations approved by the Engineer that will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation and water supply. Disposal near wetlands, protected areas, and other areas that will inconvenience or deprive local residents of their livelihood will not be allowed. Acidic and saline spoils will not be spread into agricultural land.

5.6 The Contractor will consult with local residents and local government before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plant. The work camps will not be located near settlements, near drinking water supply intakes, protected areas, or wildlife habitats.

5.7 The Contractor will maintain ecological balance by preventing felling of trees, water pollution and defacing of natural landscape. The Contractor will, so conduct his cleaning operations, as to prevent any avoidable destruction, scarring or defacing of natural surroundings in the vicinity of the archaeological site. In respect of ecological balance, the Contractor will observe the following instructions.

5.8 In the conduct of cleaning activities and operation of equipment, the Contractor will utilize such practicable methods and devices as are reasonably available to control, prevent and otherwise minimize air/noise pollution.

6.0 NOISE AND AIR POLLUTION

6.1 All works will be carried out without unreasonable noise and air pollution. Subject and without prejudice to any other provision of the Contract and the law of the land and its obligation as applicable, the Contractor will take all precautions outlined in the EMP to avoid the air and noise pollution.

6.2 The Contractor will monitor the environmental parameters periodically as specified in the monitoring plan and report to the Engineer.

6.3 The Contractor will indemnify and keep indemnified the Employer from and against any liability for damages on account of noise or other disturbance created while carrying out the work, and from and against all claims, demands, proceedings, damages, costs, charges, and expenses, whatsoever, in regard or in relation to such liability.

7.0 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION

7.1 The Contractor will, in accordance with the safety and health provisions specified in the EMP, provide workers with a safe and healthy working environment, in the work areas, through application of preventive and protective measures consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines. The borrower/client will take steps to prevent accidents, injury, and disease arising from, associated with, or occurring during the course of work by

 Providing preventive and protective measures, including modification, substitution, or elimination of hazardous conditions or substances;  Providing appropriate equipment to minimize risks and requiring and enforcing its use;  Training workers and providing them with appropriate incentives to use and comply with health and safety procedures and protective equipment;  Documenting and reporting occupational accidents, diseases, and incidents; and  Having emergency prevention, preparedness, and response arrangements in place.

8.0 POST CONSTRUCTION CLEARANCE

8.1 On completion of work, wherever applicable, the Contractor will clear away and remove from the sites all constructional plant, surplus materials, rubbish, scaffoldings, and temporary works of every kind and leave the whole of the sites and works in a clean condition to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

8.2 Construction camp sites post construction will be cleared as specified in the EMP and handed over to the Owner. It will be ensured by the contractor that the site handed over is in line with the conditions of temporary acquisition signed by both parties.

APPENDIX 2 RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST

Country / Project Title: India Infrastructure Development Sector Investment Program for Tourism- Himalayan Waters Sanctuary Destination subproject

Sector Division: SAUW

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Project Siting Is the project area…  Densely populated? √  Heavy with development activities? √ Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive √ The subproject site in Pichavaram is adjacent to areas? the Pichavaram Mangrove Forest. However, the interventions will be on the existing Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Coporation (TTDC) complex. No infrastructure will be constructed on the waterbodies and mangrove areas.  Cultural heritage site √ The subproject sites in temple complexes are considered as pilgrimage sites. However, the interventions will be on the existing infrastructures and government-owned lands. Interconnectivity will be provided using existing right-of-ways.  Protected Area √ The subproject site on the Tranquebar fort is a state-level protected archaeological site. Siting and design considerations were discussed with the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology.  Wetland √  Mangrove √ No infrastructure will be constructed on the waterbodies and mangrove areas.  Estuarine √  Buffer zone of protected area √  Special area for protecting biodiversity √  Bay √ Potential Environmental Impacts

Will the Project cause….  Impacts on the sustainability of associated √ While there will be no direct impacts on the sanitation and solid waste disposal sustainability of the systems due to the proposed systems and their interactions with other improvements, impacts will be significant if the urban services. Government of Tamil Nadu does not take up the treatment and disposal of solid wastes of the urban areas, as per the requirements of the Solid Waste Handling Rules of the Government of India.  Deterioration of surrounding environmental √ To address these induced development impacts, conditions due to rapid urban population it is envisaged that integrated master planning of growth, commercial and industrial activity, these key cultural destinations is carried out, and increased waste generation to the considering the carrying capacity, including the point that both manmade and natural waste generation and resource availability at systems are overloaded and the capacities these destinations. to manage these systems are overwhelmed?  Degradation of land and ecosystems (e.g. √ All proposed interventions are line with the loss of wetlands and wild lands, coastal provisions of the management plan for the zones, watersheds and forests)? Pichavaram Mangrove Forest, temple complexes,

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS and TTDC boat houses and beach complex. The sites for the proposed project components are within areas already developed. Therefore, no degradation of land and ecosystems envisaged.  Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of √ people  Degradation of cultural property, and loss √ The interventions in and around the cultural of cultural heritage and tourism revenues? destinations will result in an improved environment in and around the cultural heritage sites, through improved access to services, and better tourism infrastructure. The components include provisions for conservation and management of the cultural assets, which would enable arrest of the present degradation of these structures, due to lack of appropriate mechanisms for managing such assets.  Occupation of low-lying lands, floodplains √ and steep hillsides by squatters and low- income groups, and their exposure to increased health hazards and risks due to pollutive industries?  Air pollution due to urban emissions? √  Social conflicts between construction √ workers from other areas and local workers?  Road blocking and temporary flooding due √ The temple roads will require temporary to land excavation during rainy season? disruption to the tourist movement. To be addressed through a construction period circulation and movement plan along the roads, along with extensive dissemination of the information through media by the municipal corporations, temple managers, and Panchayat leaders.  Noise and dust from construction √ Envisaged during the construction activities. activities? Adoption of the mitigation measures laid down in the Environmental Management Plan will effectively address such impacts during construction.  Traffic disturbances due to construction √ material transport and wastes?  Temporary silt runoff due to construction? √  Hazards to public health due to ambient, √ household and occupational pollution, thermal inversion, and smog formation?  Water depletion and/or degradation? √  Overpaying of ground water, leading to √ land subsidence, lowered ground water table, and salinization?  Contamination of surface and ground √ waters due to improper waste disposal?  Pollution of receiving waters resulting in √ amenity losses, fisheries and marine resource depletion, and health problems?

APPENDIX 3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (TEMPLATE) Development of Ecotourism Facilities at Pichavaram in Cuddalore District

A. Project Background

1. The India Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (IDIPT) envisages an environmentally and culturally sustainable and socially inclusive tourism development, in the project states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand. The expected Impact of the Project in the four states is sustainable and inclusive tourism development in priority State tourism sub circuits divided into marketable cluster destinations that exhibit enhanced protection and management of key natural and cultural heritage tourism sites, improved market connectivity, enhanced destination and site environment and tourist support infrastructure, and enhanced capacities for sustainable destination and site development with extensive participation by the private sector and local communities.

2. As per the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Environmental Assessment Guidelines, the subproject components have been categorized as ‘B’ and an IEE carried out. Towards addressal of the construction impacts, this Environmental management plan (EMP) outlining the specific environmental measures to be adhered to during implementation of the subproject has been prepared. During the detailed design, the IEE / EMP will be further updated and stand- alone EMPs for each of the procurement packages (and appended to the Contract document). This will enable integration of environmental provisions / management measures in the Contract Document.

B. Description of the Subproject Component – provide description of the interventions, implementation schedule, permits/clearance required

3. Components. Proposed tourism infrastructure includes: (Refer to Table 2 of the IEE and DPRs for each component)

4. Implementation Schedule. Implementation will start from ??? and a total of ??? months construction period is being considered.

5. Clearances/Approvals/Permits. The subproject is not covered in the ambit of the EIA notification. As a result, the categorization, and the subsequent environmental assessment and clearance requirements, either from the state or the Government is not triggered. All activities adjacent to the Pichavaran Reserve Forest (mangrove area) Pichavaram, Cuddalore is in line with the management plan approved by the Tamil Nadu Chief Wildlife Warden. No further clearances required.

6. Consent for Establishment (CFE) and Consent for Operation (CFO) from the Uttarakhand Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Board (UEPPCB) for all subprojects requiring, setting up of hot mix plants, wet mix plants, stone crushers and diesel generators. To be obtained by the Contractor, prior to construction.

7. Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, water and sewer lines within the existing right- of-way (ROW) may be damaged. The mitigate the adverse impacts due to relocation of the utilities, the Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC) and PIU will: (i) identify and include locations and operators of these utilities in the detailed design documents to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during construction phase; and (ii) require construction

contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services.

C. Brief Description of Baseline Environmental Condition (provide information on the primary and secondary impact zones)

D. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

8. The assessment for each of the components has been carried out for potential impacts during the stages of the project planning and implementation. Impacts due to location are associated with site selection, including impacts on environment and resettlement or livelihood related impacts on communities. Impacts arising from project design, including the technology used, scale of operations, discharge standards, etc. Impacts resulting from construction activities including site clearance, earthworks, civil works, etc. Impacts associated with the operation and maintenance of the infrastructure built in the project.

9. Table 1 shows the potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures of the proposed subproject.

E. Environmental Monitoring Plan

10. Environmental monitoring will be done during construction in three levels; namely monitoring development of project performance indicators done by the Environmental Specialist of the Design and Supervision Consultants, monitoring implementation of mitigation measures done by the Contractor; and overall regulatory monitoring of the environmental issues done by Environmental Specialist of the PMU. The environmental monitoring plan for the project is presented in Table 2. The proposed monitoring of all relevant environmental parameters, with a description of the sampling stations, frequency of monitoring, applicable standards and responsible agencies are presented.

F. Indicators and Targets for Environmental Performance (provide indicators and targets, with measurable outcomes for the various environmental management provisions set forth in the EMP. See IEE for guidance.)

G. Institutional Arrangements

11. The PMU, oversees the implementation of the environmental provisions related to subproject implementation, its responsibilities include preparation and updating of IEEs consistent with the ADBs SPS and the environmental compliance requirements of the Government of Tamil Nadu and the Government of India.

12. An Environmental Staff is deputized to the PMU, and responsible for implementation of the environmental safeguard provisions. Project Management Consultants (PMC) and Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC) are recruited to provide assistance to the PMU/PIUs in project implementation.

13. Within the PMC team, a Safeguards Specialist provides overall direction for management of environmental and social issues, and provides technical support to the PMU including implementation of the environmental requirements, according to ADB requirements, and assists in monitoring impacts and mitigation measures associated with subprojects.

14. Contractors will be required by their contracts to implement all specified mitigation, monitoring, and reporting assigned to contractors as presented in subproject IEE. Environmental monitoring will be undertaken by the PMU supported by the PMC Environmental Specialist.

15. The project includes upfront6 and ongoing supervision and training assistance for environmental monitoring reporting in project management structures. The effective implementation of the measures proposed will be ensured through the building up of capacity towards environmental management within the PMU supplemented with the technical expertise of a Safeguards Specialist as part of the DSC Consultants.

H. Capacity Building

16. The Environmental Specialist of the DSC will provide the basic training required for environmental awareness followed by specific aspects of infrastructure improvement Projects along with Environmental implications for projects located within / in the vicinity of natural and cultural heritage sites. Specific modules customized for the available skill set will be devised after assessing the capabilities of the members of the Training Programme and the requirements of the project. The entire training would cover basic principles of environmental assessment and management; mitigation plans and programmes, implementation techniques, monitoring methods and tools. The proposed training program along with the frequency of sessions is presented in the main IEE of the subprojects in Tamil Nadu.

I. Environmental Budget

17. The budget for good engineering practices such as erosion prevention, rehabilitation of borrow areas, safety, signage, provision of temporary drains, etc., shall be included in the design costs of specific subprojects. Costs for mitigation during construction stage shall be included in the civil works contract.

J. Public consultation and information disclosure (provide information on all public consultations held and issues discussed)

18. To ensure continued public participation, provisions to ensure regular and continued stakeholder participation, at all stages during the project design and implementation is proposed. A grievance redressal cell will be set up within the PIU to register grievances of the people regarding technical, social and environmental aspects. This participatory process will ensure that all views of the people are adequately reviewed and suitably incorporated in the design and implementation process. Further, to ensure an effective disclosure of the project proposals to the stakeholders and the communities in the vicinity of the subproject locations, an extensive project awareness campaigns will be carried out.

19. The implementing agency will submit to ADB the following documents for disclosure on ADB’s website: (i) the final IEE; (ii) a new or updated IEE and corrective action plan prepared during project implementation, if any; and (iii) the environmental monitoring reports.

20. For the benefit of the community the Summary IEE will be translated in the local language and made available at: (i) Office of the PMU; and, (ii) Office of the District

6 Upfront capacity for environmental safeguards is ensured through bridging TA consultants hired to train and familiarize safeguards staff on the ADB SPS and other implementation requirements.

Commissioner. These copies will be made available free of cost to any person seeking information on the same. Hard copies of the IEE will be available in the PMU/PIU as well as the district libraries, and accessible to citizens as a means to disclose the document and at the same time creating wider public awareness. On demand, the person seeking information can obtain a hard copy of the complete IEE document at the cost of photocopy from the office of the PMU/PIU, on a written request and payment for the same to the Project Director. Electronic version of the IEE will be placed in the official website of the Tourism Department and the website of ADB after approval of the documents by Government and ADB. The PMU will issue notification on the disclosure mechanism in local newspapers, ahead of the initiation of implementation of the project, providing information on the project, as well as the start dates, etc. The notice will be issued by the PMU in local newspapers one month ahead of the implementation works. This will create awareness of the project implementation among the public. Posters designed to mass campaign the basic tenets of the IEE will be distributed to libraries in different localities that will be generating mass awareness.

K. Grievance Redress Mechanism

21. 70. The PMU and PIUs will make the public aware of the GRM through public awareness campaigns. Grievances can be filed in writing using the Complaint Register and Complaint Forms or by phone with any member of the PMU or PIU. The contact phone number of the PIUs and the PMU will serve as a hotline for complaints and will be publicized through the media and placed on notice boards outside their offices and at construction sites. The safeguard documents made available to the public in an accessible version will include information on the GRM and will be widely disseminated throughout the corridor by the safeguards officers in the PMU and PIUs with support from the NGO engaged to implement the Community Awareness Program.

L. Environment-Related Clauses to be included in the Construction Contracts

89. Annex 1 provides the clauses to be included in the contracts to ensure environmental mitigation measures are implemented to reduce impacts of the subproject implementation.

Table 1: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Field Duration/ Magnitude Mitigation Measures Responsibility Extent Pichavaram TTDC Complex Location Impacts

1.1 Location impacts pertain to siting of Permanent Moderate  Location of the subprojects within protected areas will be finalized in PIU/DSC facilities and improvements within the conformity to the provisions in the management plan. The proposed boundaries of the national park and interventions will be mapped onto the plans of the management plan temple monument complex and other showing the zones, to ensure that there is conformity with the cultural heritage destinations management plan. Siting of the components and planning of construction activities will be worked out to avoid sensitive ecological and cultural resource areas. Within radii of 100m and 300m from the “protected property” are designated as “protected area” and “controlled area” respectively. No development activity (including building, mining, excavating, blasting) is permitted in the “protected area” and development activities likely to damage the protected property are not permitted in the “controlled area” without prior permission of the (Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology. Along other significant tourist destinations, the siting of components will be in line with the master plan for the respective destination. All construction activities will minimize the clearance of trees wherever practicable. 1.2 Impacts on archaeological remains, if Permanent Major An archaeological survey by the Tamil Nadu Department of PIU/DSC any, due to siting of project components Archaeology will be carried out at the proposed site, to confirm non- in and around the protected monuments. existence of any remains, in the proposed site. In the event of the survey indicating any presence of archaeological remains, an alternative location will be identified in the vicinity, or the design of the proposed facility be modified to ensure no impact on the archaeological remains. Construction and excavation activities in prohibited and protected areas around the Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology monument will be undertaken only after obtaining the necessary permits and clearances in accordance with the terms and conditions of a licence granted under rule 13 of the Archaeological rules. 1.3 Lack of sufficient planning to assure long Permanent Major  In accordance with the provisions in the subproject selection criteria, the PIU/DSC term sustainability of the improvements subproject design will include adequate provisions for ensuring effective and ensure protection of the assets maintenance and protection of the assets created so as to ensure the created and the architectural character long term sustainability of the sites. of the surroundings. The designs will be worked out and implemented in accordance with the

provisions. Further, the design guidelines for the project components will strictly conform to Tamil Nadu architecture. 2. Design and pre-construction Impacts

2.1 Layout of components to avoid impacts Permanent Major  The project components (location of tourist information centre, parking, PIU/DSC/ on sensitive areas road alignment, locations where the toilet blocks, provision of water Contractor supply to tourists, parking, footpaths, signage, etc.) siting will avoid impacts on the national park and temples /monument. Access roads to the construction sites will be worked out to ensure minimal impacts. 2.2 Slope stability related issues Permanent Moderate  Along areas vulnerable to slope failures and along steep stretches, the PIU/DSC designs of subproject components will include slope protection measures for uncovered slopes as pitching, vegetation, benching, etc. 2.3 Increased storm water runoff from Permanent Moderate  Design of proposed components will enable efficient drainage of the PIU/DSC alterations of the site’s natural drainage sites and maintain natural drainage patterns. patterns due to landscaping, excavation works in the periphery of the mangrove forest, boat areas, construction of parking lots, and addition of paved surfaces. 2.4 In areas of shallow water table, ensure Permanent Moderate  At locations with shallow water table, the design of the septic tanks will PIU/DSC that the septic tanks developed, do not be done to ensure that there is a difference of at least 1.5m between the impact the ground water quality bottom bed of the septic tank and the maximum ground water level, to avoid any contamination of ground water. 2.5 Selection of materials and construction Permanent Moderate  Designs to be worked out in such a manner that exposed steel and PIU/DSC technologies, if not carefully chosen, will concrete structures are avoided. The design brief for all components adversely impact the aesthetic appeal of proposed will strictly conform to the Tamil Nadu architecture. The usage the destinations of construction machinery within the existing premises will be disallowed, except for handheld equipments, if necessary. Any new landscaping elements will only utilize native species to protect local biodiversity 2.6 Integration of energy efficiency and Permanent Low  The detailed designs for the subproject components will ensure that PIU/DSC energy conservation programs in design energy efficiency of subproject components 3 Pre-construction Activities by Contractor 3.1 Construction Camps – Location, Temporary Moderate  The construction camps will be located at least 1000m away from eco- Contractor/ DSC Selection, Design and Layout sensitive zones (Pichavaram mangrove forest and Tamil Nadu Department of Archaeology temples) and 500m away from settlements. The construction camps including sanitation facilities, shelter, canteen, first aid, health care, day crèche facilities must be adequately drained, and must not be subject to periodic flooding, nor located within 300 feet of swamps, pools, sink holes or other surface collections of water unless such water surface can be subjected to mosquito control measures. The camps must be located such that the drainage from and through the camps will not endanger any domestic or public water supply. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water is adequately drained and stagnation is avoided from becoming a nuisance. 3.2 Defining of construction/work areas on Temporary Moderate  Construction work area will be demarcated on ground. Free-standing Contractor/ ground, for activities within 200m of the fencing will be erected in advance of construction works to protect the DSC boundaries of the protected areas and Monuments and known archaeological features near to the construction archaeological monuments footprint and any working areas.

No construction works, storage of materials be allowed within 100 m of the boundaries of such protected/sensitive areas. Planning of works to ensure that no entry will be allowed by employees/construction/site workers to the protected areas during the construction period to limit disturbance impacts on the associated habitats and fauna. Monuments /archaeological remains will be avoided during construction works by marking out the areas on ground. 3.3 Circulation plan during construction in Temporary Moderate  Prior to commencement of site activities and mobilization on ground, the Contractor/ the tourist destinations and temples Contractor will prepare and get approved by the Engineer, circulation DSC/PIU plan during construction for safe passage of tourists/pilgrims during construction stage, including development of alternative access routes, traffic regulations, signages, etc., during construction. The Contractor with support of the PIU will carry out dissemination of these information and circulation plan at key entry points to the respective destinations. 3.4 Site clearance activities, including Temporary Moderate  The commencement of site clearance activities will be undertaken with Contractor/ delineation of construction areas due permission from the Environment Specialist of the DSC consultant DSC to minimize environmental impacts. All areas used for temporary construction operations will be subject to complete restoration to their former condition with appropriate rehabilitation procedures. 3.5 Drinking water availability and water Temporary Major  The contractor will be responsible for arrangement of water in every Contractor/ DSC arrangement workplace at suitable and easily accessible place for the whole construction period. Sufficient supply of cold potable water to be provided and maintained. If the drinking water is obtained from an intermittent public water supply then, storage tanks will be provided. 3.6 Identification of disposal sites Permanent Major  Location of disposal sites will be finalized by the Environmental Contractor/ DSC Specialist of the DSC and he will confirm that: disposal of the material does not impact natural drainage courses or surface water bodies or low lying areas and that no endangered / rare flora is impacted by such materials 3.7 Ensure waste management is Temporary Major  Environmental specialist to work with local body to design improved addressed in design waste management plan for site. 4 Construction Impacts 4.1 Improper stockpiling of construction Temporary Moderate  Due consideration will be given for material storage and construction Contractor/ DSC materials cause impacts starting from sites such that it doesn’t cause any hindrance to tourists movement obstruction of drainage, disturbance/ within the site. Stockpiles will be covered to protect from dust and safety hazard to tourists, etc. erosion. 4.2 Quarry / Borrow pits Operations Permanent Moderate  Adequate safety precautions will be ensured during transportation of Contractor/ DSC quarry material from quarries to the construction site. Vehicles transporting the material will be covered to prevent spillage. Operations to be undertaken by the contractor as per the direction and satisfaction of the Engineer. 4.3 Stripping, stocking and preservation of Permanent Moderate  The topsoil from borrow areas, areas of cutting and areas to be Contractor/ DSC top soil permanently covered (proposed site for information centre and other tourism infrastructure and from the road alignment) will be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm, translocated and stored in stockpiles. The stockpile will be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal). Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise

loaded and multiple handling will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles will be covered with gunny bags or tarpaulin. It will be ensured by the contractor that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles. Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned to cover the disturbed area and cut slopes. 4.4 Soil Erosion Temporary Moderate  Slope protection measures will be undertaken along slopes of the Contractor/ DSC parking area. The work will consist of measures as per design, or as directed by the Engineer to control soil erosion, sedimentation and water pollution. 4.5 Blasting Permanent Moderate  Except as may be provided in the contract or ordered or authorized by the Engineer, the Contractor will not use explosives. Where the use of explosives is so provided or ordered or authorized, the Contractor will comply with the requirements of the following Sub-Clauses of MoRTH 302 besides the law of the land as applicable. The Contractor will at all times take every possible precaution and will comply with appropriate laws and regulations relating to the import, handling, transportation, storage and use of explosives and will, at all times when engaged in blasting operations, post sufficient warning flagmen, to the full satisfaction of the Engineer. The Contractor will at all times make full liaison with and inform well in advance and obtain such permission as is required from all Government Authorities, public bodies and private parties whomsoever concerned or affected or likely to be concerned or affected by blasting operations. Blasting will be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid- day), as permitted by the Engineer. 4.6 Soil and Water Pollution due to fuel and Temporary Moderate  The fuel storage and vehicle cleaning area will be stationed such that Contractor/ DSC lubricants, construction waste water discharge does not drain into the water body. Soil and water pollution parameters will be monitored as per monitoring plan. 4.7 Siltation of water bodies due to spillage Temporary Moderate  Silt fencing to be provided at all water bodies near construction sites to Contractor/ DSC of construction wastes prevent sediments from the construction site to enter into the watercourses. The number of units of silt fencing to be installed is to be decided by the engineer. Haul roads on the site and approaches to the watercourse (or drains leading to watercourses) will be regularly cleaned to prevent the buildup of mud; areas of bare soil will be kept to a practical minimum to reduce silt runoff. No disposal of construction wastes will be carried out into the river. Extraneous construction wastes will be transported to the pre- identified disposal site for safe disposal. 4.8 Generation of Dust Temporary Moderate  The contractor will take every precaution to reduce the levels of dust at Contractor/ DSC construction sites to the satisfaction of the Engineer. All earthwork to be protected/covered in a manner acceptable to the satisfaction of the engineer to minimize dust generation. Clearance will be affected immediately by manual sweeping and removal of debris, or if so directed by the Engineer, the road surfaces will be hosed or watered using necessary equipment. 4.9 Emission from Construction Vehicles, Temporary Moderate  The discharge standards promulgated under the Environmental Contractor/ DSC Equipment and Machinery Protection Act, will be strictly adhered to. All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will conform to the relevant Standard. All vehicles, equipments and machinery used for construction will be

regularly maintained to ensure that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements. 4.10 Noise from construction Temporary Moderate  Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery will be regular and Contractor/ DSC Equipments to the satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a minimum. All vehicles and equipment used for construction will be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found to be defective will be replaced. Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured at one metre from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 dB (A). Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) will comply with the relevant legislation for levels of noise emission. 4.11 Material Handling at Site Temporary Minor  All workers employed on mixing asphaltic material, cement, lime Contractor/ DSC mortars, concrete etc., will be provided with protective footwear and protective goggles. Workers, who are engaged in welding works, will be provided with welder’s protective eye-shields. Workers engaged in stone breaking activities will be provided with protective goggles and clothing and will be seated at sufficiently safe intervals. The use of any toxic chemical will be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The Engineer will be given at least 6 working days notice of the proposed use of any chemical. A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site will be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register will include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product. 4.12 Disposal of Construction Waste / Debris Temporary Moderate  Safe disposal of the bituminous wastes, extraneous material will be Contractor/ DSC / Cut Material ensured in the pre-identified disposal locations. In no case, any construction waste will be disposed around the project road indiscriminately. Cut material generated because of cutting of hill slopes will be utilized for construction of retaining walls, embankments and as filling material. Remaining material if any will be disposed off safely at the disposal sites. 4.13 Safety Measures During Construction Temporary Moderate  Personal Protective Equipment for workers on the project and adequate Contractor/ DSC safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site will be taken up. The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress. 4.14 Risk caused by Force Majure Temporary Minor  All reasonable precaution will be taken to prevent danger of the workers Contractor/ DSC and the public from fire, flood, drowning, etc. All necessary steps will be taken for prompt first aid treatment of all injuries likely to be sustained during the course of work. 4.15 Malaria Risk Temporary Minor  The Contractor will, at his own expense, conform to all anti-malaria Contractor/ DSC

instructions given to him by the Engineer. 4.16 Religious Structures Temporary Major  All necessary and adequate care will be taken to minimize impact on Contractor/ DSC cultural properties. No work will spill over to these properties, premises and precincts. Access to such properties from the road will be maintained clear and clean. 4.17 Chance finds of archaeological Property Temporary Moderate The contractor will take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen Contractor/ DSC / remains or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing and will, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the Engineer’s instructions for dealing with the same, awaiting which all work will be stopped 100 m all directions from the site of discovery. The Engineer will seek direction from Archaeologist at the Department of Archaeology before instructing the contractor to recommence work on the site. 4.18 Clearing of Construction of Camps & Temporary Major  Contractor to prepare site restoration plans for approval by the Contractor/ DSC Restoration Engineer. The plan is to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. On completion of the works, all temporary structures will be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the Contractor’s expense, to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer. 5 O&M Impacts 5.1 Environmental Conditions Temporary Moderate  The tourism department / forest department will undertake seasonal Tourism department monitoring of air, water, noise and soil quality through an approved monitoring agency. The parameters to be monitored, frequency and duration of monitoring as well as the locations to be monitored will be as per the Monitoring Plan prepared. 5.2 Uncontrolled tourism development can Temporary Major  While the environmental monitoring plan actions during the operation Tourism department cause congestion, increased pollution, stage will result in monitoring of the environmental impacts after project with support from and deterioration of destinations. Over- implementation, the Master Plan will include apart from provision of Culture department commercialization of cultural traditions development controls and regulations in the zone, measures for tourism may degrade the natural and cultural planning for the key destinations. These plans will be implemented to identity of the site avoid uncontrolled tourism development at these locations. 5.4 Management of the toilet blocks Temporary Moderate  The tourism department / forest department will carry out regular Tourism and Forest cleaning of the septic tanks to prevent any impacts, including pollution department with of ground water and nearby water courses. For increased volumes of participation by wastewater generation will ensure proper and adequate treatment and communities disposal facilities. 5.5 Adequate drainage of site area Permanent Moderate  The tourism department / forest department to ensure efficient flow of Tourism and Forest surface water and prevent water logging along the side of the roads and departments parking lots. 5.6 Unhygienic condition due to poor Temporary Moderate  The Tourism department/ communities will carryout maintenance of the Tourism department maintenance of sanitation facilities and toilets, and carry out the regular collection of wastes, and will also irregular solid waste collection in the ensure that: Sanitation improvements proposed do not result in pollution project site necessitate regular of groundwater. Sanitary facilities do not interfere with other utilities and maintenance of constructed block access to buildings, cause nuisance to neighboring areas. The infrastructure. transfer of waste will also ensure no spillage and all wastes will be transported to a designated solid waste treatment site. 5.7 Increased waste loads onto the existing Temporary Moderate  In line with the Government targets of coverage of all urban and rural Urban development waste disposal facilities (that are non areas with environmentally safe solid waste management systems, the department

conformant to the Government tourist destinations will be covered with integrated waste management requirements for SWM) facilities, including treatment and disposal, in line with the SWHR, the Government.

Table 2: Monitoring Plan for the Pichavaram Subproject Sl. No. Attributes Stage Parameters to be Location Frequency Responsibility Monitored 1 Air Quality Construction Stage RPM, SPM, SO2, NOx, CO (Complete based on the DPR) Once in a season Contractor, to be monitored (except monsoons) through approved Monitoring for the entire Agency construction period

2 Water quality Construction TDS, TSS, pH, Hardness, (Complete based on the DPR) Twice a year (pre Contractor, to be monitored BOD, Faecal Coli form monsoon and post through approved Monitoring monsoon) for the Agency entire period of construction

3 Wetland health Construction stage, ,Physico-chemical (Complete based on the DPR) Continuous Department of Science and quality to be followed up characteristics, Technology through the monitoring during project regional centre to be operation developed

Construction stage, Water quality of the wetland (Complete based on the DPR) Three times a year Forest Department to be followed up for pesticides, hardness and (peak of summer, during project heavy metals winter and monsoon) operation

4 Biodiversity Operation stage Wintering birds using total (Complete based on the DPR) Once in a year (for 3 Forest department with count method (block wise days in December) support from NGOs/ count) compared with the communities baseline data

Heritage Construction stage, Visual inspection of works (Complete based on the DPR) Continuous DSC/ Tamil Nadu Department protection at heritage buildings of Archaeology/ PIU

Operation stage Resident and breeding birds (Complete based on the DPR) Between February Forest department, with population using point count and may of every year support from NGOs/ method communities

Sl. No. Attributes Stage Parameters to be Location Frequency Responsibility Monitored Operation stage Habitat quality (using (Complete based on the DPR) Once in each season Forest department, with standard vegetation (sampling for 3 support from NGOs/ analysis techniques) by seasons during peak communities permanent vegetation plots period of the in each habitat respective season)

Operation stage Fish diversity using catch (Complete based on the DPR) Once in each season Forest department, with per unit effort method support from NGOs/ communities

4 Noise Levels – Construction Stage Equivalent Day & Night (Complete based on the DPR) Once in a season Contractor, to be monitored silence zones Time Noise Levels during construction through approved Monitoring stage Agency 5 Drainage Operation stage Effectiveness of drainage, (Complete based on the DPR) Thrice a year, before, Forest Department, water logging, flooding during and after the related issues monsoons 6 Survival Rate Operation Stage Survival Rate (Complete based on the DPR) Twice a year for two Forest Department of landscaping years 7 Socio- Operation stage Income levels, livelihood (Complete based on the DPR) Once a year, for five Tourism department, along economic options, especially on years from the with the village eco monitoring tourism completion of the development committees and project forest department  Table 3: Indicators and Targets for Environmental Performance Indicators Parameters to be Monitored Targets Frequency Responsibility Remedial action Construction Stage Ambient air quality RPM, SPM, SO2, NOx, CO NAAQMS (2009) Once in a season (except Contractor through Stricter implementation of emission monsoons) for the entire approved Monitoring norms construction period Agency Dust suppression No. of tankers for water No dust rising from Random checks PIU through DSC Increase in frequency of water sprinkling, Timing of sprinkling, construction site, No dust sprinkling Location of sprinkling rising from haul roads, Twice daily sprinkling Surface and ground pH, BOD, Faecal Coli form, Designated best use Twice a year (pre monsoon Contractor through Identify source of contamination and water quality Free Ammonia, EC, SAR, parameters and post monsoon) for the approved Monitoring treat effluent before discharge into Boron entire period of Agency receiving waters. Instruct contractor construction against violation and in case of Silt runoff in water location of silt fencing Locate while working Throughout construction PIU through DSC continued non compliance invoke bodies close to water bodies period penalty clauses Working condition Maintain the geo textile Throughout construction PIU through DSC free from clogging period Effluent discharge TDS, TSS, pH, Hardness, Discharge standards of Twice a year (pre monsoon Contractor through from construction BOD, Faecal Coli form, Free CPCB for receiving and post monsoon) for the approved Monitoring camps Ammonia, EC, SAR, Boron waters entire period of Agency construction Ambient noise Equivalent Day & Night Time NANQS Once in a season during Contractor through Identify noise source and strictly

Indicators Parameters to be Monitored Targets Frequency Responsibility Remedial action Noise Levels construction stage approved Monitoring regulate noise emissions. In case of Agency continued non-compliance invoke Machinery noise Noise dB(A) <75 dB(A) at 1m free field Once in a season during Contractor through penalty clauses against contractor from M/C construction stage approved Monitoring Agency Noise from Timings of construction Only day time at Continuous PIU through DSC construction settlements activities Wetland water pH, BOD, Faecal Coli form, Designated best use Continuous PIU through DSC Identify source of contamination and quality - Physico- Free Ammonia, EC, SAR, parameters treat effluent before discharge into chemical Boron receiving waters. For continued non characteristics compliance invoke penalty clauses Water quality of the Ca, Mg, Hardness, TDS, TSS, As per IS:10500:1991 Three times a year (peak of Contractor through wetland for pH, Hardness, BOD, Faecal summer, winter and approved Monitoring pesticides, Coli form, Hg, Cd, Se, Ar, Cr monsoon) Agency hardness and heavy metals OHS Management Plan covers all activities Compliance with Continuous Contractor Identify non-compliance and modify Plan applicable labour laws plan Supply of PPE provision of PPE on site, Compliance with OHS Continuous Contractor Ensure adequacy as per plan and adequacy of equipment instruct contractor to comply. In case Training in H&S No. of sessions conducted, Compliance with OHS Continuous of continued non-compliance, invoke Percent attendance penalty clauses Establishing Installation of equipment Compliance with OHS Start of construction camp Medical facilities specified in OHS Plan

Safety plan Reporting compliance Compliance with OHS Continuous Contractor Ensure compliance as per plan and implementation instruct contractor to comply. In case OHS Site maintenance, Medical Compliance with OHS of continued non-compliance, invoke Implementation facilities maintenance, Training penalty clauses record sessions Accident record No. of fatal accidents, No. of Compliance with OHS injuries, No. of disabilities Community Health Reporting compliance Compliance with OHS Continuous Contractor Ensure compliance as per plan and and Safety plan instruct contractor to comply. In case Dissemination of No of community health Compliance with OHS of continued non-compliance, invoke Community health dissemination sessions, penalty clauses issues dissemination mechanisms Health records No. of recorded cases of Compliance with OHS community health as respiratory illness, HIV/STD, Operation stage Physico-chemical pH, BOD, Faecal Coli form, Designated best use Continuous PIU through Monitoring Identify source of contamination and characteristics Free Ammonia, EC, SAR, parameters Agency treat effluent before discharge into Boron receiving waters Water quality of the Ca, Mg, Hardness, TDS, TSS, As per IS:10500:1991 Three times a year (peak of PIU through Monitoring Identify source of contamination and wetland for pH, Hardness, BOD, Faecal summer, winter and Agency treat effluent before discharge into pesticides, Coli form, Hg, Cd, Se, Ar, Cr monsoon) receiving waters

Indicators Parameters to be Monitored Targets Frequency Responsibility Remedial action hardness and heavy metals Wintering birds Total count Not to be lower than Once in a year (for 3 days PIU through Monitoring Seek inputs of biodiversity experts and baseline in December) compared Agency undertake necessary measures for with the baseline data improving upon the indicators. Resident and Point counts Not to be lower than Between February and breeding birds baseline may of every year population Habitat quality Shannon-weiner index Not to be lower than Once in each season baseline (sampling for 3 seasons during peak period of the respective season) Fish diversity using Catch per unit effort Not to be lower than Once in each season catch per unit effort baseline method Drainage Time required for draining Within 30m of rainfall Thrice a year, before, PIU Assess need for drainage effectiveness stopping during and after the improvements, and if required provide Water logging / No of locations, extent of No waterlogging / monsoons addl facilities as per design flooding retention flooding recommendations.

Survival Rate Percent of No. of saplings Survival rate > 75%, Twice a year for two years PIU through Monitoring Plant more trees to compensate for survived, extent of growth Normal Agency lower survival rates Economic Income levels, livelihood Equivalent to baseline Once a year, for five years PIU through Monitoring Initiate detailed socio-economic indicators options, especially on tourism conditions from the completion of the Agency studies. Identify reasons for economic project decline and correlation with study interventions.

APPENDIX 4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING FORMAT

1. Work Details

Table 1: Work Details and Risks Locations Sub-projects Name of Listing of Starting What type Progress Expected Fulfillment Key Components the works Date (land of works Percentage changes of assumptions (Package contract under the clearance) continued from objectives- and risks that No.) or package and at present approved Type of affect schedule scope remedial attainment of date of measures the objectives completion needed

2. Implementation of Environmental Management Plan

Table 2: Status of Environment, Forest and Other Clearances City/ Work Applicable Legislation/ Type of Clearance given by Subject/ Remarks/ Action Town (Package No.) clearance and date Issue needed

Table 3: Compliance with Environmental Management Plan Description Mitigation Implementation Detail/ Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Remarks and of Impact measures status Remarks on methods conducted actions taken Proposed Implementation and by Remarks to improve frequency (Excellent/Satisfactory/Partially implementation Satisfactory/Below Satisfaction/Poor/Very Poor) Detailed Design

Pre- Construction

Construction

Table 4: Measurement of Pollutants Components Package/ Period of Parameters/Pollutants Standard Base Monitoring result Remarks Location monitoring line during project status Implementation Noise Air Quality Water Quality Soil Quality

APPENDIX 5 SAMPLE GRIEVANCE REGISTRATION FORM (To be available in Local Language)

The ______Project welcomes complaints, suggestions, queries and comments regarding project implementation. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing *(CONFIDENTIAL)* above your name. Thank you.

Date Place of registration

Contact Information/Personal Details Name: Gender: __Male ___ Female Age: Home Address Village / Town District Phone no. E-mail Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below: If included as attachment/note/letter, please tick here: ___ How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Registered by: (Name of Official registering grievance)

Verified thru: ___ Note/Letter ___ E-mail ___ Verbal/Telephonic

Reviewed by: (Names/Positions of Official(s) reviewing grievance)

Action Taken:

Whether Action Taken Disclosed: ____ Yes ___ No

Means of Disclosure: