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Survey Notes UTAH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SURVEY NOTES Volume 38, Number 3 September 2006 Granite Peak Mountain, A Geologic Mystery Revealed CONTENTS THE DIRECTOR’S PERSPECTIVE Granite Peak Mountain .................................... 1 St. George 30’x60’ Quadrangle ..................... 3 This issue of Survey Notes marks one of on our Web site has not diminished the New Age for the Santa Clara Basalt Flow 4 the first publications to use our new logo e-mail and telephone inquiries. We now GeoSights ............................................................. 6 (see insert). The Department of Natural get many inquiries from people wanting Teacher’s Corner ................................................. 8 Resources wants a more unifying theme to clarify or expand what they read on Energy News ........................................................ 9 and image for its seven divisions while still our Web site. Survey News ...................................................... 10 Glad You Asked ................................................ 12 allowing for the unique identity of each division. To recognize the Department Our bookstore sales grew by 3 percent theme of “where life and landscapes con- this year ($293,000), with hard copy map Design: Liz Paton nect,” all division logos include sales continuing to be strong Cover: UGS geologist Bob Biek examines numerous white the same elements of the styl- (22,000 maps per year) and pegmatite dikes and dark-gray granodiorite on the east side of ized outline of the state, the not showing an obvious Granite Peak Mountain (see article on p.1). UTAH-DNR labels, and the impact due to increasing mountain range. Each divi- availability of digital map sion has its own icon super- products (212 product sales). imposed, which for the Utah During FY06, the UGS ran State of Utah Geological Survey (UGS) is five booths at professional Jon Huntsman, Jr., Governor the well-known hoodoo from conferences, held two teach- Department of Natural Resources Bryce Canyon National Park, er workshops and 11 petro- Michael Styler, Executive Director Thor’s Hammer. The UGS leum-industry workshops in UGS Board logo has its own color, an our Core Research Center, Steve Church, Chair earth tone. supplied a judge to five local Geoff Bedell Jack Hamilton science fairs, and introduced Kathleen Ochsenbein Robert Robison An instantly recognizable logo 570 fourth graders to the Charles Semborski David Simon Kevin Carter (Trust Lands Administration-ex officio) is just one element of how an wonders of geology during agency is perceived and val- Earth Science Week. UGS Staff ued. We recently compiled Administration our annual “outreach” in- In addition to these out- Richard G. Allis, Director reach activities, our geolo- Kimm Harty, Deputy Director dicators for fiscal year 2006 John Kingsley, Associate Director (FY06), and they show impres- gists maintained previous Starr Soliz, Secretary/Receptionist sive interaction with both the scientific output levels with Jo Lynn Campbell, Administrative Secretary geologic community and the public. Al- involvement in 79 publica- Kathi Galusha, Accounting Officer tions (44 UGS publications, and 35 na- Linda Bennett, Accounting Technician most 6000 public inquiries were handled, Michael Hylland, Technical Reviewer not counting the questions that many of tional or international scientific papers). Robert Ressetar, Technical Reviewer our bookstore customers ask. This implies In addition, 41 abstracts were presented Editorial Staff Vicky Clarke that on average, our staff is handling a at national and regional conferences, and Sharon Hamre, James Parker, Lori Douglas, Liz Paton 57 contract-deliverable and technical re- Geologic Hazards Gary Christenson public inquiry every 20 minutes, and we William Lund, Barry Solomon, Francis Ashland, Richard strive to answer each the same day (see ports were completed as part of our grant Giraud, Greg McDonald, Lucas Shaw, Chris DuRoss, article about our more challenging ques- and contract responsibilities and local Tyler Knudsen tions, page 12). Half of the inquiries were government requests for advice. When Energy and Mineral Resources David Tabet energy related, with the majority of these these figures are combined with the other Robert Blackett, Roger Bon, Thomas Chidsey, Mike forms of outreach discussed above, I be- Laine, Bryce Tripp, Craig Morgan, Jeff Quick, J. Wallace being questions on renewable energy and Gwynn, Kevin McClure, Sharon Wakefield, Cheryl energy efficiency topics. Although we have lieve the citizens of Utah can be proud of Gustin, Tom Dempster, Brigitte Hucka, Taylor Boden, Ken seen growth in the number of all types of the amount and scope of information the Krahulec, Stephanie Carney, Valerie Davis UGS provides. Geologic Mapping Grant Willis public inquiries, Web site visits appear Jon King, Douglas Sprinkel, Janice Hayden, Kent Brown, to have stabilized at between 1200 and Bob Biek, Basia Matyjasik, Lisa Brown, Don Clark 1400 per day (about 500,000 per year). Geologic Information and Outreach Sandra Eldredge Interestingly, putting more information William Case, Mage Yonetani, Christine Wilkerson, Patricia Stokes, Mark Milligan, Carl Ege, Rob Nielson, Jeff Campbell, Nancy Carruthers Ground Water and Paleontology Michael Lowe Survey Notes is published three times yearly by Utah Geological Survey, 1594 W. North Temple, Suite 3110, Salt Lake City, Utah 84116; (801) 537-3300. James Kirkland, Charles Bishop, Janae Wallace, Martha The UGS is an applied scientific agency that creates, evaluates, and distributes information about Utah’s geologic environment, resources, and hazards to Hayden, Hugh Hurlow, Lucy Jordan, Don DeBlieux, promote safe, beneficial, and wise use of land. The UGS is a division of the Department of Natural Resources. Single copies of Survey Notes are distributed Kim Nay, Stefan Kirby, Kevin Thomas, Rebecca Medina, free of charge within the United States and reproduction is encouraged with recognition of source. Copies are available at http://geology.utah.gov/sur- Jennifer Cavin, Walid Sabbah, Scott Horn veynotes State Energy Program Philip Powlick Denise Beaudoin, Mike Vanden Berg, Jason Berry ISSN 1061-7930 mica, and beryl. In the early 1900s, a spring near the north end of the mountain was an important water stop on the Lincoln High- way, the nation’s first transcontinental highway (New York to Cali- fornia). The onset of World War II led to the creation of Dugway GRANITE PEAK Proving Ground in 1942 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Since then, national security has kept Granite Peak Mountain shrouded MOUNTAIN in geologic secrecy. There has been little study of the mountain’s geology, except for a 1920 report on area mining districts, a 1964 A Geologic Mystery Revealed BYU student thesis, and some USGS reconnaissance work. by Donald L. Clark, Utah Geological Survey and Rocks of Granite Peak Mountain Eric H. Christiansen, Brigham Young University Most of Granite Peak Mountain is composed of two primary rock types—dark-colored layered granitic rock (foliated granodiorite) Think of a remote island known to few people. Are and light-colored granite (leucogranite). The upper part of the you thinking of the South Pacific or some other ex- leucogranite appears to have been affected by high pressure and otic locale? We in Utah have such an island lo- temperature, converting it to foliated granodiorite. The presence of these metamorphic and igneous rocks is interesting because cated just 100 miles southwest of Salt Lake City. such rocks are known from only a few areas in Utah. Magma was Informally named Granite Peak Mountain, this “is- generated at great depth in the Earth and the Granite Peak pluton land” is a little-known, uninhabited mountain that (igneous intrusion) was ultimately emplaced about 4 miles or less rises abruptly from the flats of the Great Salt Lake below the Earth’s surface. The overlying rocks have subsequently Desert south of Interstate 80. been eroded leaving the intrusion exposed. Granite Peak Mountain is near the center of Dugway Proving At the south end of Granite Peak Mountain, the granodiorite in- Ground, a 1250-square-mile, high-security, U.S. Army installation trudes a small area of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. These used for military testing and training operations, and known as “The rocks include schist, marble, and quartzite, which were trans- Nation’s Chemical and Biological Defense Proving Ground.” formed by increased pressure and temperature from the original shale, limestone, and sandstone parent rocks, respectively. These Because of its location on a high-security military base, few geolo- metamorphic rocks provide an important clue to the mountain’s gists have ever seen or studied the geology of Granite Peak Moun- geologic history. tain. But last summer, a team of Utah Geological Survey (UGS) geologists was invited to produce a geologic map of the moun- A noteworthy and striking feature of Granite Peak Mountain is the tain. The UGS is collaborating in this effort with researchers from presence of pegmatite dikes, the focus of the 1964 BYU study. A Brigham Young University (BYU), Weber State University, and pegmatite is an unusually coarse-grained igneous rock, and a dike the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). When we started this project, is an igneous intrusion that cuts across pre-existing rock. These many basic geologic questions about Granite Peak Mountain re- pegmatite dikes are visible as bold white streaks that form intricate mained unanswered: (1) What are the rock types? (2) How
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