Sri Lanka – a Butterfly Tour

Naturetrek Tour Report 25 February - 6 March 2017

Banded Peacock Club Beak

Black Rajah Common Silverline

Report and images by Mukesh Hirdaramani and Indika Upul Jayatissa

Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk

Sri Lanka – A Butterfly Tour Tour Report

Tour participants: Indika Upul Jayatissa & Mukesh Hirdaramani (leaders) together with four Naturetrek clients

Highlights

Despite wet weather, we recorded 89 butterfly species and had very good views of some of the ‘flutterers’ whilst settled. A huge Atlas Moth and close sighting of Banded Peacock, Red Pierrot and Indian Sunbeam were delightful. Additionally 110 bird species, 14 mammal species and 13 species of reptiles and amphibians made it an all-round, action packed tour.

Day 1 Saturday 25th February

Group members departed from London on an overnight flight to Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka

Day 2 Sunday 26th February Sinharaja The flight arrived at 4.25pm and we were met by Mukesh and Indika. We left the airport at 5.30pm and en route to Sinharaja, we encountered a colony of Flying Foxes, Brahminy Kite and Little Egret. We reached the Blue Magpie Lodge in Sinharaja at 9.05pm and saw a Common Evening Brown at the reception. After a briefing about the next day, we had dinner before calling it a day.

Day 3 Monday 27th February Sinharaja We had breakfast at 6.30am and proceeded to the Sinharaja Rainforest ticket counter. Some of the birds encountered here were Sri Lanka Blue Magpie, Yellow-fronted Barbet, Sri Lanka Drongo, Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill, Orange Minivet and Orange-billed Babbler. Both inside and outside the rainforest we encountered lots of butterflies including Sri Lanka Birdwing, Blue Mormon, Bluebottle, Jezebel, Lemon Emigrant, Sri Lanka Tree Nymph, Blue Glassy Tiger, King Crow, Leopard, Common Sailor, Chestnut-streaked Sailor, Commander, Gladeye Bushbrown, White Four-ring, Common Lineblue, Angled Pierrot, Indian Cupid, Gram Blue, Restricted Demon and Tropic Dart, and Blue Day Moth. We also encountered more birds, mammals and reptiles that included Sri Lanka Junglefowl, Shikra, Green Imperial Pigeon, Crested Treeswift, Indian Swiftlet, Asian Palm Swift, Malabar Trogon, White-throated Kingfisher, Blue-tailed Bee-eater, Lesser Yellownape, Sri Lanka Hanging Parrot, Black-hooded Oriole, White-bellied Drongo, Indian Paradise Flycatcher, Yellow-billed Babbler, Ashy- headed Laughingthrush and Pale-billed Flowerpecker, along with Purple-faced Leaf Monkey, Indian Palm and Grizzled Giant Squirrels, Water Monitor, Oriental and Green Garden Lizards, Sri Lanka Kangaroo Lizard and Sri Lanka Whistling Lizard.

We returned to the hotel at 3.30pm, relaxed until 7pm and thereafter did the checklist, followed by dinner and the next day’s briefing.

Sri Lanka – A Butterfly Tour Tour Report

Day 4 Tuesday 28th February Kandy We had breakfast at 7am and left for Ketalapatala, which is a small village bordering the Sinharaja Rainforest. En route we saw several butterflies including Common Mormon, Bluebottle, Tailed Jay, Jezebel, Sri Lanka Tree Nymph, Common Sailor, Clipper and White Four-ring. The birds we encountered included Crested Serpent Eagle, Sri Lanka Green Pigeon, Brown Shrike, Sri Lanka Swallow, Common Tailorbird, Sri Lanka White-Eye, Sri Lanka Hill Myna, Oriental Magpie-Robin, Purple Sunbird and Scaly-breasted Munia. As the sun started to rise we had more butterfly activity which included sightings of Club Beak, Common Palmfly, Common Lineblue, Dark Cerulean, Common Cerulean, Angled Pierrot, Indian Cupid, Common Hedge Blue, Hedge Hopper, Chestnut Bob, Indian Skipper, Common Grass Dart and Conjoined Swift.

We returned to the hotel at 10.30am and after having a quick shower, we checked out and proceeded to Kandy. En route, amidst heavy rain, we stopped at a restaurant in Ratnapura and enjoyed a Sri Lankan rice and curry lunch. At 6pm we were in Kandy and the rains were still coming down. We visited the Temple of the Tooth and were just in time for the display of the tooth casket and the evening ceremony. On our way to the hotel we saw a Common Palm Civet run across our vehicle. We reached Hotel Thilanka at 7pm and after dinner and the briefing, retired for the night.

Day 5 Wednesday 1st March Matale / Riverstone We had breakfast at 7am and then checked out of the hotel and proceeded to Matale. En route saw Crested Serpent Eagle, Grey Wagtail, Little Cormorant, Little Egret and Psyche butterfly. We reached Spring View Hotel at 9.30am and had a cup of tea and picked up our packed lunch before setting off to Riverstone mountain range. It was a very scenic drive up the misty mountain range and we encountered Southern Hill Myna, Crested Serpent Eagle, Black-rumped Flameback and Velvet-fronted Nuthatch on the way. We reached the Pitawala Pathana plains and set off in search of butterflies. Our finds here included Common Rose, Common and Blue Mormons, Blue Bottle, Psyche, Painted Sawtooth, Common Gull, One-spot Grass Yellow, Blue Glassy Tiger, Great Eggfly, Common Sailor, Common Evening Brown, Metallic Cerulean, Pea Blue and Red Pierrot.

Around 3pm it started raining very heavily so we made our way back to Matale. We saw a Woolly-necked Stork in a rice field as we were returning. We reached the hotel at 4.45pm and had a hot cup of tea and some cake before meeting up for the checklist and dinner at 7pm.

Day 6 Thursday 2nd March Riverstone / Wasgamuwa We did a pre-breakfast birding session around the hotel garden and encountered Changeable Hawk-Eagle, Southern Hill Myna, White-throated Kingfisher and Brown-headed Barbet, and a pair of Grey Mongoose. After having our breakfast we were able to witness a Kandian wedding ceremony that was taking place in the hotel.

We reached Pitawala Pathana at 11.30am and did a short walk before lunch. After lunch we entered the plains and saw lots of butterflies including the beautiful Banded Peacock, Common and Blue Mormons, Tailed Jay,

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Sri Lanka – A Butterfly Tour Tour Report

Psyche, Painted Sawtooth, Great Orange Tip, Mottled and Lemon Emigrants, Orange Migrant, Small, Spotless and Three-spot Grass Yellows, Sri Lanka Tree Nymph, Blue and Glassy Tigers, Leopard, Lemon Pansy, Chocolate and Common Sailors, Tamil Bushbrown, Plumbeous Silverline, Pea Blue and Red Pierrot. Birds seen included Common Snipe, Blue-tailed Bee-eater, Red-wattled Lapwing, Barn Swallow and Changeable Hawk- Eagle.

At 3.30pm we left for Wasgamuwa, en route stopping at the Thelgamuwa River where we encountered a Sri Lanka Keelback snake. As we were approaching our next hotel in Wasgamuwa we stopped at a stream running through a paddy field and encountered Indian Peafowl, Asian Openbill, Black-headed Ibis, Indian Pond Heron, Purple Heron, Great Egret, Red-wattled Lapwing, Gull-billed and Whiskered Terns, Green Bee-eater, Brown- headed Barbet, Plain Prinia, Tawny-bellied Babbler, Purple-rumped Sunbird and Tricolored Munia.

In the evening we followed our usual routine of checklist, dinner and briefing.

Day 7 Friday 3rd March Wasgamuwa / Sigiriya We had breakfast at 6.30am and left for our jeep safari in Wasgamuwa National Park. We saw many Streaked Weavers building their nests besides a stream. Grey-bellied and Jacobin Cuckoos, Tricolored Munia, Indian Peafowl and White-breasted Waterhen were seen before we entered the park. Near the entrance we saw a herd of 30 plus Spotted Deer, and during the safari sightings included Mugger Crocodile, Land Monitor, Blue-faced Malkoha, Barred Buttonquail, Grey-headed Fish Eagle, Indian Pond Heron, Black-shoulder Kite, Lesser Adjutant, Lesser Whistling Duck, Orange-breasted Green Pigeon, Jungle Prinia and Purple, Loten’s and Purple- rumped Sunbirds. We also saw Mouse Deer, Ruddy Mongoose and Water Buffalo. As the sun rose the butterflies became active and were ‘puddling’ along the road. Sri Lanka Birdwing, Lime Butterfly, Blue Bottle, Psyche, Jezebel, Painted Sawtooth, Lesser Albatross, Lemon Emigrant, Dark Wanderer, Glassy and Plain Tigers, Angled Castor, Leopard, Ceylon Lacewing, Lemon Pansy, Tawny Coster, Large Guava Blue, Forget-me-not, Common Pierrot, Chestnut Bob, Indian Skipper and Common Grass Dart were amongst our sightings.

We returned to the hotel at 11.45am, had lunch at 12.30pm and then checked out. We saw a large Atlas Moth as we were leaving the hotel. En route to Sigiriya we stopped in several places to see more butterflies. We reached Hotel Sigiriya by 5.30pm and checked in. We met again for the checklist at 7pm before dinner.

Day 8 Saturday 4th March Ritigala We had breakfast at 8.30am and left for the Ritigala Strict Forest Reserve with our packed lunch. During our walk, sightings included Sri Lanka Birdwing, Crimson Rose, Lime Butterfly, Bluebottle, Common Jay, Lesser Albatross, Dark Wanderer, Blue Glassy Tiger, Common Tiger, Common Crow, Double Branded Crow, Angled Castor, Leopard, Peacock Pansy, Great Eggfly, Black Rajah, Indian Sunbeam, Common Cerulean, Pea Blue, Tiny Grass Blue and Lime Blue. Birds seen included Crested Honey Buzzard, Pheasant-tailed Jacana, House Swift, Jerdon’s Leafbird and White-rumped Munia.

Sri Lanka – A Butterfly Tour Tour Report

We returned to the hotel at 4pm and then went to the Sigiriya Lion Rock. As we started to scale the rock, heavy rains came down, reducing visibility to zero. It was a very satisfying experience to scale the rock fortress in this weather and we made it to the summit, by which time the rains had stopped and we had good visibility to see the surrounding landscape. We returned to the hotel at 6.15pm and met up for the checklist and dinner at 7.15pm.

After dinner we went for a night drive near the Sigiriya forest and encountered a startled Asian Elephant, Lesser False Vampire Bat, Common Palm Civet and a Brown Fish Owl. We returned to the hotel at 11pm and called it a night.

Day 9 Sunday 5th March Kaludiya Pokuna/ Katunayake We had breakfast at 8.15am and then checked out of the hotel and left for Kaludiya Pokuna. Near the hotel we saw many Grey Langurs and Toque Macaques, along with a Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill. We reached Kaludiya Pokuna at 9.15am and started our walk along the road. Butterflies encountered included Sri Lanka Birdwing, Lime Butterfly, Common and Blue Mormons, Mime, Common Jay, Psyche, Jezebel, Blue, Plain and Common Tigers, Leopard, Tamil Yeoman, Lemon Pansy, Chocolate Soldier, Peacock Pansy, Tamil Bushbrown, Indian Sunbeam, Forget-me-not, Pea Blue, Lesser Grass Blue and White Banded Awl. Birds seen included Painted Stork, White-bellied Sea Eagle, Small Minivet, Clamorous Reed Warbler, Grey-breasted Prinia and Rosy Starling.

We had lunch in a restaurant at Dambulla and then proceeded to Katunayake. We reached the Airport Garden Hotel at 6.30pm where two of the group continued for the whale-watching extension, while the others checked in for their last night’s stay.

Day 10 Monday 6th March

We checked out of the hotel and proceeded to the airport in time to catch our flight back to the UK, where the main tour and another Naturetrek adventure came to an end.

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Sri Lanka – A Butterfly Tour Tour Report

Species Lists

Butterflies [(E) denotes Endemic]

PAPILIONIDAE 1 Troides darsius Sri Lanka Birdwing (E) 2 Pachliopta hector Crimson Rose 3 Pachliopta aristolochiae Common Rose 4 Papilio crino Banded Peacock 5 Papilio demoleus Lime Butterfly 6 Papilio polytes Common Mormon 7 Papilio polymnestor Blue Mormon 8 Papilio clytia Mime 9 Graphium sarpedon Bluebottle 10 Graphium doson Common Jay 11 Graphium agamemnon Tailed Jay

PIERIDAE 12 Leptosia nina Psyche 13 Delias eucharis Jezebel 14 Prioneris sita Painted Sawtooth 15 Cepora nerissa Common Gull 16 Appias galene Lesser Albatross (E) 17 Hebomoia glaucippe Great Orange Tip 18 Catopsilia pyranthe Mottled Emigrant 19 Catopsilia pomona Lemon Emigrant 20 Catopsilia scylla Orange Migrant 21 Pareronia ceylanica Dark Wanderer 22 Eurema brigitta Small Grass Yellow 23 Eurema laeta Spotless Grass Yellow 24 Eurema hecabe Common Grass Yellow 25 Eurema blanda Three-spot Grass Yellow 26 Eurema ormistoni One-spot Grass Yellow (E)

NYMPHALIDAE 27 Idea iasonia Sri Lanka Tree Nymph (E) 28 Ideopsis similis Blue Glassy Tiger 29 Tirumala limniace Blue Tiger 30 Parantica aglea Glassy Tiger 31 Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger 32 Danaus genutia Common Tiger 33 Euploea core Common Crow 34 Euploea sylvester Double Branded Crow 35 Euploea phaenareta King Crow 36 Ariadne ariadne Angled Castor 37 Phalanta phalantha Leopard 38 Cirrochroa thais Tamil Yeoman 39 Cethosia nietneri Ceylon Lacewing 40 Junonia lemonias Lemon Pansy 41 Junonia atlites Grey Pansy 42 Junonia iphita Chocolate Soldier 43 Junonia almana Peacock Pansy 44 Hypolimnas bolina Great Eggfly 45 Neptis hylas Common Sailor

Sri Lanka – A Butterfly Tour Tour Report

46 Neptis jumbah Chestnut-streaked Sailor 47 Moduza procris Commander 48 Parthenos sylvia Clipper 49 Charaxes solon Black Rajah 50 Libythea myrrha Club Beak 51 Acraea violae Tawny Coster 52 Melanitis leda Common Evening Brown 53 Orsotriaena medus Nigger 54 Mycalesis subdita Tamil Bushbrown 55 Mycalesis perseus Common Bushbrown 56 Mycalesis patnia Gladeye Bushbrown 57 Ypthima ceylonica White Four-ring 58 Elymnias hypermnestra Common Palmfly

LYCAENIDAE 59 Curetis thetis Indian Sunbeam 60 Spindasis vulcanus Common Silverline 61 Spindasis schistacea Plumbeous Silverline 62 Virachola perse Large Guava Blue 63 Prosotas nora Common Lineblue 64 Prosotas dubiosa Tailless Lineblue 65 Jamides bochus Dark Cerulean 66 Jamides alecto Metallic Cerulean 67 Jamides celeno Common Cerulean 68 Catochrysops strabo Forget-me-not 69 Lampides boeticus Pea Blue 70 Leptotes plinius Zebra Blue 71 Castalius rosimon Common Pierrot 72 Caleta decidia Angled Pierrot 73 Zizeeria karsandra Dark Grass Blue 74 Zizina otis Lesser Grass Blue 75 Zizula hylax Tiny Grass Blue 76 Talicada nyseus Red Pierrot 77 Everes lacturnus Indian Cupid 78 Acytolepis puspa Common Hedge Blue 79 Euchrysops cnejus Gram Blue 80 Chilades lajus Lime Blue

HESPERIIDAE 81 Hasora taminatus White Banded Awl 82 Baracus vittatus Hedge Hopper 83 Iambrix salsala Chestnut Bob 84 Notocrypta paralysos Common Banded Demon 85 Notocrypta curvifascia Restricted Demon 86 Spialia galba Indian Skipper 87 Taractrocera maevius Common Grass Dart 88 Potanthus confucius Tropic Dart 89 Pelopidas conjuncta Conjoined Swift

Moths: 1 Dysphania palmyra Blue Day Moth 2 Attacus Atlas Atlas Moth

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Sri Lanka – A Butterfly Tour Tour Report

Birds (Bold denotes Endemic; Previous names in brackets)

Common name Scientific name 1 Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica 2 Sri Lanka Junglefowl Gallus lafayettii 3 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus 4 Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala 5 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans 6 Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus 7 Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus 8 Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus 9 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii 10 Eastern Cattle Egret Bubulcus coromandus 11 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 12 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea 13 Great Egret Ardea alba 14 Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia 15 Little Egret Egretta garzetta 16 Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger 17 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster 18 Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus 19 Crested Honey Buzzard (Oriental Honey-buzzard) Pernis ptilorhynchus 20 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela 21 Changeable Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus 22 Shikra Accipiter badius 23 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus 24 White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster 25 Grey-headed Fish Eagle Haliaeetus ichthyaetus 26 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus 27 Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator 28 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus 29 Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus 30 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago 31 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica 32 Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida 33 Rock Dove (Common Pigeon) Columba livia 34 Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis 35 Common Emerald Dove (Emerald Dove) Chalcophaps indica 36 Orange-breasted Green Pigeon Treron bicinctus 37 Sri Lanka Green Pigeon Treron pompadora 38 Green Imperial Pigeon Ducula aenea 39 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis 40 Blue-faced Malkoha Phaenicophaeus viridirostris 41 Jacobin Cuckoo (Pied Cuckoo) Clamator jacobinus 42 Grey-bellied Cuckoo (Plaintive Cuckoo) Cacomantis passerinus 43 Brown Fish Owl Ketupa zeylonensis 44 Crested Treeswift (Gray-rumped Treeswift) Hemiprocne coronata 45 Indian Swiftlet Aerodramus unicolor 46 Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis 47 Little Swift (House Swift) Apus affinis 48 Malabar Trogon Harpactes fasciatus 49 Stork-billed Kingfisher Pelargopsis capensis 50 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis 51 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis 52 (Little) Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis

Sri Lanka – A Butterfly Tour Tour Report

Common name Scientific name 53 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus 54 Sri Lanka Grey Hornbill Ocyceros gingalensis 55 Brown-headed Barbet Psilopogon zeylanicus 56 Yellow-fronted Barbet Psilopogon flavifrons 57 Lesser Yellownape Picus chlorolophus 58 Black-rumped Flameback (Lesser Goldenback) Dinopium benghalense 59 Layard's Parakeet Psittacula calthrapae 60 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri 61 Sri Lanka Hanging Parrot Loriculus beryllinus 62 Bar-winged Flycatcher-Shrike Hemipus picatus 63 Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus 64 Orange Minivet (Scarlet Minivet)(Flame Minivet) Pericrocotus flammeus 65 Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus 66 Black-hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus 67 White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens 68 Sri Lanka Drongo (Sri Lanka Crested Drongo) Dicrurus lophorinus 69 White-browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola 70 Indian Paradise Flycatcher(Asian Paradise Flycatcher) Terpsiphone paradisi 71 Sri Lanka Blue Magpie Urocissa ornata 72 House Crow Corvus splendens 73 Jerdon's Bush Lark Mirafra affinis 74 Black-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus melanicterus 75 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer 76 White-browed Bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus 77 Yellow-browed Bulbul Acritillas indica 78 Black Bulbul Hypsipetes leucocephalus 79 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 80 Sri Lanka Swallow Cecropis hyperythra 81 Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus 82 Grey-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii 83 Jungle Prinia Prinia sylvatica 84 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata 85 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius 86 Grey-headed Swamphen (Purple Swamphen) Porphyrio (porphyrio) poliocephalus 87 Tawny-bellied Babbler Dumetia hyperythra 88 Orange-billed Babbler Turdoides rufescens 89 Yellow-billed Babbler Turdoides affinis 90 Ashy-headed Laughingthrush Garrulax cinereifrons 91 Sri Lanka White-Eye Zosterops ceylonensis 92 Velvet-fronted Nuthatch Sitta frontalis 93 Sri Lanka Hill Myna (Sri Lanka Myna) Gracula ptilogenys 94 Southern Hill Myna (Lesser Hill Myna) Gracula indica 95 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis 96 Rosy Starling Pastor roseus 97 Indian Robin Copsychus fulicatus 98 Oriental Magpie-Robin Copsychus saularis 99 Brown-breasted Flycatcher Muscicapa muttui 100 Jerdon's Leafbird Chloropsis jerdoni 101 Pale-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum erythrorhynchos 102 Purple-rumped Sunbird Leptocoma (Nectarinia) zeylonica 103 Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus 104 Loten's Sunbird Cinnyris lotenius 105 Streaked Weaver Ploceus manyar 106 White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata

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Sri Lanka – A Butterfly Tour Tour Report

Common name Scientific name 107 Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata 108 Tricolored Munia (Black-headed Munia) Lonchura malacca 109 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea 110 Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus

Mammals: Common name Scientific name 1 Toque Macaque Macaca sinica 2 Grey Langur Semnopithecus (Presbytis) entellus 3 Purple-faced Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus (Presbytis) vetulus 4 Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroitus 5 Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii 6 Ruddy Mongoose Herpestes smithii 7 Asian Elephant Elephas maximus 8 Mouse Deer Tragulus meminna 9 Spotted Deer Cervus axis 10 Water Buffalo Bubalus Bubalis 11 Indian Palm Squirrel Funambulus palmarum 12 Grizzled Giant Squirrel Ratufa macroura 13 Indian Flying Fox Pteropus gigantean 14 Lesser False Vampire Bat Megaderma spasma

Reptiles & Amphibians: Common name Scientific name 1 Green Vine Snake Ahaetulla nasuta 2 Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus maximus 3 Common bronze-back Tree Snake Dendrelaphis tristis 4 Boulenger's (Sri Lanka) Keel Back Snake Xenochrophis asperrimus 5 Bengal (Land) Monitor Varanus bengalensis 6 Asian Water Monitor Varanus salvator 7 Oriental (Common) Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor 8 Green Garden Lizard Calotes calotes 9 Sri Lanka Kangaroo Lizard Otocryptis wiegmanni 10 Sri Lanka Whistling Lizard Calotes liolepis 11 Mugger Crocodile Crocodylus palustris 12 Common House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus 13 Common Skink Eutropis carinata