European ~ociologist

Bulletin of the European Sociological Association (ESA) Number 3 1996 Please disseminate or pass this bulletin on to interested colleagues.

2nd EUROPEAN contents CONFERENCE OF SOCIOLOGY 2nd European "European Socities: Fusion or Fission" Budapest 30 August - 2 Septerober 1995 Conference of Sociology Conference Reports and Assembly Minutes

Executive Committee Election Results

Research Networks President G6ncz addressing the Opening Session of the Conference Guide to the Internet Conference Reports French Sociology Editor's note: In lieu of a format report on the 2nd European Conference of Sociology, four sociologists at different stages in their careers, from different parts of Europe and involved in the activities of the ESA and the Conference to Interdisciplinary Centre for different extents have been asked to write about their Comparative Research in the impressions of the Conference, Taken together with the Reports of the General Assembly of the ESA and the Social Sciences Executive Committee election, these viewpoints make up this newsletter's Conference Report. Central European University The day before our conference started it was raining cats and dogs in Budapest and everybody was in a bad mood Registration Forms but me. I was delighted because it would mean that the participants would stay at the conference and not use the opportunity to visit the city. During the conference the weather improved, but nevertheless most participants remained in the building. Normally people are fading away during a conference, but this time we almost none, but in Budapest we had The war in Bosnia. had almost as many participants at no less than 23 participants from the Thirdly I want to mention the closing the closing session as we had during USA, 7 from Israel, 3 from Canada speech by Alain Touraine who made the grand opening. In many ways this and 3 from Australia. an appeal to us european can be seen as a compliment, sociologists. Moreover, he especially for the local organizers who Some Highlights mentioned the war in former did such a wonderful job to organize Let me now make a personal choice Yugoslavia which was going on just a all this and to create a pleasant and of a few highlights. few hundred kilometers from relaxed atmosphere, in spite of some Budapest. His strong anti-Serbian minor problems with the registration Firstly there was the impressive point of view caused some sharp and the acoustics in the auditorium. opening speech by Dr. G6ncz, the debate with a participant form Serbia, Moreover it was good that we could president of Hungary. He spoke which gave a dramatic ending to the make use of the whole building, which without any notes on paper. We were conference. was very fit for this meeting. I lucky that students were recording particularly liked the big hallway the event on video, so we could Naturally such a discussion is more adjacent to the auditorium, which make a transcript of that spoken text based more on emotions than on functioned well as an Agora, an rational discourse and for that reason informal meeting place. I am very happy with the contribution I also remember that we were waiting of Margareta Bertilsson, who made for Dr. Goncz in the rectorate's office an interesting attempt to find a The participants, where did they where he was supposed 10 arrive a1 sociological explanation for the tragic come from? ten o'clock sharp. Well, he came events in that region. If we compare the number and the twenty minutes early, took a chair, country of origin of the Budapest asked us to continue our discussion Finally I want to m-ention that I as a conference with the one in Vienna in and told us that he was impressed by co-editor (toqether with Sylvia Walby 1992, we can observe the following the programme and that he would and Thomas Boje) am re"ading now (N.B. between brackets the situation love to stay for the whole conference. the papers presented during the in Vienna): Naturally part of this is the usual plenary and semi-plenary sessions courtesy one expresses during such and I am doing that wi1t\great joy. The total number of participants was occasions, but I am convinced that Most papers are qood.to very good 671 (602) from 39 (26) different he really was interested and he made and I do think that a nice book will countries. No less than one third me promise to send him the book(s) come out of this. I am confident that (34%) came from central/eastern with the papers of this conference. somewhat more than a year from Europe. Naturally there were many now Dr. Goncz will,be able to read I was struck by his excellent English Hungarians, 120 in total (45), but also our book as he requested and that he which he, as he told me, had learned the other countries of that region were will do that with pleasure. reasonably represented: Russia with in jail. Later on I heard from Rudolf 22 (8) and Poland with 19 (15) Andorka that most older members of Bart van Steenbergen, participants. Only the Czech the intellectual and political elite had Member of Conference Programme Republic with 7 and Slovakia with 8 spent some time in prison during the Committee participants did not do as good as communist regime. He added to Czechoslovakia in Vienna (40). that, that he had been there for only six months, which gave him a A participant (from the West) told me somewhat low status on those that he was struck by the growing self circles. Conference Report 2 confidence of the sociologists from central/eastern Europe. It was also A second highlight was the my impression that in Vienna the Hungarian Forum. Normally participants at an international participants from that region were still Budapest - 'The Pearl of the Danube' conference get to know very little somewhat shy and reserved in the - the threshold to Eastern Europe about the host country. We from the discussion, but here they were active provided the perfect setting to host Programme Committee decided to and assertive. the ESA's second bi-annual break through that panern by conference. As an Irish postgraduate Outside this region the top five proposing a forum where Hungarian student researching industrial consisted of the UK with 94 (38), intellectuals who were, or had been, relations in Hungary, the conference Finland with 50 (34), the Netherlands active in public life would discuss the provided an excellent opportunity for with 44 (50), Germany with 42 (52) 'state of the nation'. At first the local me to tap into work-in-process in this, and almost ex aequo Denmark with organizers were somewhat reluctant, and a multitude of areas which are 25 (34) and Norway with 24 (27) but in the end they accepted the currently pressing issues in Mitte/­ participants. idea. High on our list of speakers Europa. As in Vienna 'Roman Europe' was was the author Gyorgy Konrad, who underrepresented: France had sent originally had agreed to participate Budapest was the first international 13 (15), Italy 10 (28) and Spain 7 (7) but in the end could not make it. In conference which I have had the sociologists to this conference. One spite of that, the forum was very opportunity to attend, however, I think could even say that there is a decline interesting and Winy. The Hungarians that it is correct to say that all the in this respect, so here is still much have a strong feeling for the absurd delegates, be they novice or long­ work to do here for the ESA. and they Ilke to make things clear by toothed, were overwhelmed by the telling jokes. Maybe a suggestion for impressive Hapsburg beauty of Most remarkable I found the number a research network could-be one BUdapest. The conference itself was of participants from non-European headed by a Hungarian on: the held in the elegant 'Budapest countries. In Vienna there were meaning of humor for social analysis.

European Soda/agist Number 3 page 2 University of Economics'. The organise future regional work shops, and need for such an event. building, constructed first for the discuss research problems or Signi1icant numbers attended 1rom State military, is an envious setting findings and render promises to the United Kingdom and 1rom east for any academic establishment', forward research papers. While I am and central Europe, but the number sitting on the banks of the Duna river, somewhat sceptical of Phil Agre's of participants from southern Europe it looks across to the lush Buda Hills arguments for the necessity of 'net­ was disappointing, a situtation which and the handsome Technical working' when, for example, he the Executive Committee of the ESA University opposite, claims that, "Establishing should try to improve in the future. protesslonat relationships with The conference programme proved One way to do that may be the particular people and involving to be as colourful as the city itself, engagement 01 more working group yourself in particular professional however, just as a collideascope can convenors from southern Europe (of communities will change you ...", if make a child's head spin, I for one, the 59 convenors, only 4 were truth be told, however, the Budapest felt dazed at times. While the official southern Europeans) and the Con1erence was for me a truly title claimed to discuss as to whether encouragement 01 some of us who interactive affair. I, for one, was Europe was merging or fragmenting, have declared an interest in doing so, fortunate enough to befriend one or 1found that this question was very to play an active part in this two other postgrads working in areas rarely directly addressed at all. organisation. Unlike the situation at very closely related to my own. I Digression is probably to be other international conferences, think that the camaraderie which expected, indeed encouraged at a central and eastern Europe were well developed is a support which can't forum engaging such heterogeneous represented; this gave the be underestimated. What I gleaned expertise, however I was a little opportunity to those of us who from the multitude of Plenary disgruntled that the conference's currently engage in comparative Sessions, Working Groups and official theme (which is central to my research to make valuable research Round Tables paled beside the research) was rarely touched upon. contacts. information, advice and help which I In short, few work shops dealt with picked up around Budapest's cof1ee In the presence of Karl Marx' statue the dynamic which involves East and tables, restaurants and bar counters. at the back of the room, the West, most preferred to draw on conference was opened in the straight comparative studies between Which brings me neatly to the night impressive University A-ula with the two regions. On a more lite which conference delegates words 01welcome from Rudolf administrative note, I felt that the enjoyed. BUdapest is simply a super Andorka on behalf of the local conference could perhaps have been city, and there really is something for organising committee, and with made more 'Delegate Friendly' if the everyone - yeap even to satisfy 600 addresses from the President of the 'Working Groups' had been stretched weary, talked-out Sociologists at the Hunqanan Repub.lic and from Sylvia over the entire four days, beginning end of a iong day. But a word of Walby on behaif of the ESA. It was a on the Wednesday and ending on the appreciation and praise must go to great pity that the acoustics were so Saturday; paralleling with the 'Semi­ the Hungarian hosts themselves, bad. Plenary Sessions' - something worth who provided such a delicious and thinking about for next time? generous banquet and farewell A plethora of papers (447) were ceremony along with being such presented and another 94 contributed That said, the 'Working Groups' patient and linguistically tolerant but not presented on a wide variety of which followed the introductory and hosts - Nagyon szepen Kosonom ! topics under the six thematic themes welcoming papers, and proceeded of the conference: nationalism, for two entire days were broad in Erner O'Hagan, ethriicity, migration, social exclusion; substance and insightful in analysis. racism; gender and class (in)equality; In all the 'Working Groups' comprised Postgraduate Student, Ireland gender, citizenship and the welfare of 32 areas. The focus moved SWiftly state; culture, different models of from "Does Russia belong to Europe" social and economic transformation to "Sexuality, Lifestyles and Politics". and transition in Europe and new Myown research led me to attend form 01integration; and a the 'Working Group' entitled "New Conference Report 3 miscellaneous thematic area where Structures of Employment, topics that did not fit in anywhere else Privatisation and Industrial were thrown in; the topics under Relations." These sessions had a discussion in this last working group relatively informal air to them, The Second European Conference of varied 1rom methodological issues in encouraging even the motley Sociology was supported by comparative European research to selection of postgrads who attended Friedrich-Naumann-Sti1tung, the educaton in Europe, to biography and to voice their ideas. My session Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the society, to 'Does Russia belong to culminated in the organisation of an Hungarian National Bank, the Europe?' Regrettably, there was little international discussion circle on Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, room for a feminist agenda. The industrial relations. While I haven't the Population Research Foundation style 01the workshops varied from heard a word 1rom this group since I and the Sores-Foundation. the formal to the extremely informal, signed up, it did allow us to depart on some had a discussant while others Friday in high spirits, with the sense More than 600 scholars and did not. Papers varied in terms of of having achieved something researchers 1rom 34 countries quality and in terms of approach; concrete! participated in this conference, from so.ne were theoretical. others more all parts of Europe - mostly In fact these sessions provided good empirical. From this rich brew it is sociologists, but a few from other opportunities (in a much more hard to identify what became the disciplines were there as well - a informal and effective manner) to most productive debates. One's strong indication of the popularity of experience 01 the conference

European Sociologist Number 3 page 3 depended on either 'dipping in' or main contribution of this orientation is following a particular strand Europe Giving Us the acceptance of certain general throughout. Papers were neither pre­ theoretical and methodological circulated nor made available from a a Hand prerequisites enabling standard central location during the conference international comparisons. However, (although some participants did bring The fate of sociology' in individual for inspiration in the theory of social and circulate papers at their countries varies. During my life, I transformation we have to look once workshops), As a result, on many have observed the triple resurrection again to Europe. We continue our occasions the emphasis was upon of Czech and Slovak sociology: after cooperation with the Poles and presentation rather than debate. World War II and the German Hungarians and have begun There were also a number of plenary occupation, during which the Czech cooperation with Slovenia; once and semi-plenary sessions; from the universities, including the chairs of again busy contacts with Great ones I attended the. most interesting sociology, were closed for six years; Britain, France and Germany are was perhaps the one delivered by after the abolishment of sociology as helpful, as are the new connections Alain Tourain on 'Economic a 'bourgeois quasi-science' in the and ideas we have found in Austria Integration and Cultural 1950s; and after the Warsaw Pact and Finland. Unfortunately contacts Fragmentation in a Depoliticized invasion and so-called 'normalisation' with our friends in Russia have not Europe', The ensuing discussion on which lasted twenty years. I had the developed systematically. his treatment of the issue of the war opportunity to participate in the last All this has had to be said to in former-Yugoslavia would have two of these revitalisation processes. understand our specific interest in been a very lively one, but what European cooperation in general and seemed to be an explosion of open From where did we seek assistance in the first case? Our first teachers in the European Conferences for debate was regretably, or perhaps Sociology in particular.fn both of wisely, curtailed by the chairperson, were the Polish sociologists who worked in similar conditions without which I tookp~rt. Earlier in Vienna As with many truly international breaking the famous tradition of and, more rscently, in Budapest, I conferences, finding out information Polish sociology in the post-war listened with real pleasure to the and booking the accommodation was period. We co-operated with Susan lectures by the outstanding European an experience in itself; it involved Ferge from Hungary and had good scholars with their interestinq and numerous faxes and telephone calls contacts with some Yugoslav manifold theoretical concepuons and to the organisers of the conference. sociologists. Some inspiration even appreciated the creativity of the The Kafkaesque situation at came from Soviet Russia, particularly European spirit. I perceived the registration could perhaps been from Leningrad and Novosibirsk atmosphere of mutual understanding, avoided if the ESA had a national scholars. Atter our participation in the tolerance and cooperation of representative available in each World Congress of Sociology in sociologists from 'sociological country for participants to liaise with. Evian in the mid 1960s, regUlar powers' and from smaller countries Those who were presenting more cooperation with French, British and with a less developed experience in than one paper at the conference German sociologists and with the sociology. And, of course, like had some problems liaising with leading personalities of American anyone else, I enjoyed the hospitality convenors located in different sociology - not only with the main and smooth organisation of both countries in order to avoid schedule stream of structural funcionalism but conferences as well as the beauty clashes. also with Gerhard Lenski - began. All and 'genius loci' of both cities, so these inspirations based on personal close to our Central European minds I for one prefer an international contacts and subsequent literal and hearts. Last but not least, I had conference where more formal production were one of the principal in both cases the opportunity to meet provision is made for sightseeing and conditions enabling us to prepare - in many old friends, includinq some of accompanied tours. The information 1967 - the first representative those with whom I began co­ desk was permanently staffed but stratification and mobility survey in operation in the 1960s. And all of this could not give much information on the state socialist societies. could be realised in cities not so far local travel, excursions and the like. from my home! The main social events were a large Unfortunately, the promising evening reception and a farewell development in Czech sociology was I observed several new aspects in drink. Had a central lunch facility once again interrupted for political the contents of the BUdapest been organised and/or afternoon reasons, this time follOWing the discussions. guided excursions planned, suppression of the Prague Spring The first, very apparent new aspect participants would have had more movement. The substantially was the activity of the small opportunities to relax, meet other 'reduced' official Czech and Slovak European countries to present their participants at informal venues and sociology scene worked for twenty problematice on a respectable level perhaps get more of a taste of local years after severe ideological control, of theoretical thought and empirical culture outside of that offered in many of us being compelled to leave analysis. This was perhaps the main central Budapest. our profession. reason for the balanced relationship Where have we found assistance of general and state or nationally Gabriella Lazaridis, specific issues discussed. Lecturer, since the 'Velvet Revolution' of 1989? Greece and Scotland There is a relatively influential group The second interesting trait was the within Czech sociology which already accent which the participants gave in the 1980s had oriented itself to one this time to the historical approach, to of the leading streams in U.S. the analyses of social change. One sociology, this in cooperation with of the important factors in this . some Hungarian sociologists, The connection was the focus on the topic

European Socioloqist Number 3 page4 of central and east European post­ The Scientific Committee, in addition, communist developments. While in draws scholars' attention to works of Minutes of the Vienna, in my opinion, the somewhat importance in the development of schematic, rather normative European sociology. General 'transition' approach still dominated, this time on the basis of systematic Amalfi has been chosen as the Assembly of the empirical monitoring of the processes location for the Prize because it in question, a real historical process recalls the early origins of modern European of transformation was already a topic Europe, its innovative desire, the of discussion. The dominant scientific and humanistic spirit that methodology was close to 'probabilist characterized the Salerno medical Sociological evolutionism' . school and the first sxpreseionof modern culture, the first signs of a Association The last specificity I wish to mention university community. was the extraordinary stress laid on Friday, 1 September 1995, Budapest the complexity of societal Prize Winners: development. Not only economic 1987 - Norbert Elias. Die The meeting began at 19:20. The and political changes with their social Gesellschaft der Individuen. Minutes were taken by Robert Miller. consequences were discussed, but Suhrkamp Verlag; 1. The Report by Sylia Walby, also their relation to the processes 1988 - Serge Moscovici. La Chairperson of the ESA on the concerning civilisation and culture, machine a tiare des dieux. activities of the Steering Committee especially to modernisation, and to Fayard; since its establishment at the 1st changes in social psychology. If 1989 . Zygmunt Bauman. European Conterence of Sociology people with various outcome Modernity and the was accepted - positions and methodological Holocaust. Polity Press; approaches such as Piotr Sztompka, Michel Wieviorka. Societes 2. The.Treasurer's Report by Michal lllner, Mojca Novak, Krisztina et terrorisme. Fayard Thomas Boje was accepted. Manicke-Gy6ngy6si, myself, and (Special prize Bulzoni 3. The Reports by Robert Miller on many other participants in various Editore); the newsletter and th~'iESA formulations came to similar 1990 - Rainer M. Lepsius and discussion list were accepted. conclusions in this and other Wolfgang J. Mommsen. Max important issues concerning at least Weber, Briefe 1906-1908. The newsletter is titled European our part of Europe, it certainly says Mohr J.B.C; Sociologist. Two numbers have something for the development of a Nicole Lapierre, Le silence been produced to date with general theory of social change. de /a memcire. Plan distribution to prospective ESA (Special prize Bulzoni members (participants in the 1st Pavel Machonin Editore); European Conference of Sociology, Institute of Sociology 1991 Louis Dumont. L'ide%gie national sociological associations Academy of Sciences of the Czech allemande. Gallimard; and institutions, individuals who have Republic Phillip Sarasin. Die Stadt der requested information on the ESA or Prague BOrger. Helbing & a newsletter). Lichtenhahn; The first number was an introduction 1992 - Amalfi prize not awarded; to the ESA and Included a Carlo Trigllia. SViluppo Membership Application Form, the senze autonomia. II Mulino Statutes and the first announcement European Amalfi (Special prize); of the 2nd European Conference of 1993 - Prize suspended; Sociology. Prize for 1994 - Charles Tilly. European Revolutions (1492-1992). The second number was centred on Sociology and Blackwell; the Conference and also began Christoph Braun. Max several of what are intended to Social Sciences Webers Musiksoziologia. become regUlar features ("sociology Laeber (Special prize). in a region/nation", funding opportunities, Amnesty International The European Amalfi Prize for Scientific Committee: report). Sociology and Social Sciences was Margaret Archer; Alessandro Cavalli; introduced in 1987 by the Salvador Giner; Joachim Israel; The next number will go to ESA Sociological Theories and Social members and will be used to target Michel Maffesoli; Carlo Mongardini; Transformation Section of the Italian Birgitta Nedelmann; Helga Nowotny; prospective members. It will be Sociological Association. It is centred upon the research networks. Piotr Sztompka. awarded yearly by the Scientific General Secretary: Marieli Ruini Committee from the works selected The ESA discussion list was set up in for consideration by a panel of judges December 1994 and is run through Secretariat: the Mailbase facility located at made up of 150 university teachers Michaela Liuccio/Roberta Ponziani from different European universities. Newcastle University, U.K. and is Dipartimento Studi Pclltici also called european-socfologist. It is The works put forward must have Unlversita degJi Studi "La Sapienza" been published in the last two years, open to anyone who has access to e­ Piazzale Aida Moro, 5 mail, is free and currently has about and have made a significant 00185 Roma, Italy contribution to the development of 450 subscribers. At present the tel: +39649910532 discussion list functions more as a sociology and the social sciences. Fax: +39649910446

European Sociologist Number3 page 5 bulletin board for distributing were proposed. 5. Future activities announcements, job advertisements The four alternatives considered by Research networks: etc. and, due to its wide coverage, is the General Assembly were: very effective at this. It is possible to Proposals should go to the Executive create subject-specific sub-lists with to have the election of the Comminee and can be lodged with a membership focused on a more Executive Committee carried out any member of the Executive tightly defined area. This feature only at the General Assembly Committee. Since the Committee's may be used by ESA Research meeting (i.e., only those members composition will not be known until Networks to set up true discussion in good standing present at the after 13 October, in the interim, lists under the broad coverage of the meeting would vote and the proposals may go to Martin Kohli, european-socioloqist list. Another election would be completed Sylvia Walby or Robert Miller who possibility is that sub-lists could be during the meeting); undertake to forward them to the set up to cater for lanquaqss other Executive Committee's first meeting. than English. to have only those present at the Conference empowered to vote; The formal criteria for accepting a Finaliy, the ESA has hypertext "home proposal for an ESA research pages" on the WorldWideWeb at: to shorten the period after the network are that the network be Conference when the polls remain proposed by at least 10 ESA http://www.qub.ac.uklsocsci/miller/ open to two weeks; members from at least 3 different esaintro.html to leave the election procedure as countries. A hand-out sheet was circulated that it is. Substantive criteria should include: gave information on accessing the A large majority voted to leave the discussion list and the WWW pages. whether the network has a election procedure "as is", European focus and/or a 4. Statules comparative interest; Article 14: A motion to delete "may Article 1: The proposal to add the cross out any names from the slate whether the network is likely to underlined, and". Carried. provide opportunities for developing institutional links or .. between sociologists and The resulting wording is rather provide actual structures for between sociologists and other awkward. Delegates Petropoulos contacts; scientists. and Miller were mandated to devise a met with general support. better formulation. Their proposal for number of members and (likely) Article 14 is as follows: level of activities. It was suggested that there is a perceived contradiction between "Every member may vote for a National associations and other Article 1 (The ESA is a scientific, maximum of 10 candidates. institutions of sociology were independent organisation, with no Members may also express their invited to put forward proposals religious, political or any other kind of candidate preference by writing in the for the next European Conference affiliation.) and Article 4 allowing name (or names) of other members of Sociology. institutional membership of the ESA. in good standing. The total number A proposed alteration was rejected of votes must not exceed ten (10). If 6. Election by a large majority. . the total number of votes exceeds ten (10), the ballot wili be invalid." Haavio-Mannila clarified the voting Article 3: Proposals to drop the procedure: phrases: "in or on Europe" and "are Article 16: The following proposals In accordance with the Statutes, members of European national were carried. 15 men and 15 women are on the sociological associations" To add the underlined: Nominations List; 27 voted for and 39 voted against The dissolution of the Association The Nominations Committee these changes. Hence, no supervises the election; alterations. and change of the Statutes may be proposed by: Only individual members in good Article 9: Clarification was sought standing at the start of the for: The period of service on the To change the last sentence of the Statutes to the following: Election (19:00 1 September Executive Committee is to be a 1995) can vote; maximum of two terms, A proposal to change the Statues must be approved by 50% of the Up to a maximum of 10 "two terms" means two spans candidates may be voted for; between ESA Conferences. There regular members in good standing. was almost unanimous support to The proposal to dissolve the More than 10 votes invalidates a leave the wording unchanged. Association must be approved by a ballot: majority of 2/3 of the regular Proposal to add the underlined: The members in good standing. Voters may strike off the names of Executive Committee with the candidates and substitute ("write­ approval of the General Assembly The Assembly pointed out that the in") extra candidates; has the authority to decide whether Statutes do not set quorums for the General Assembly or for meetings of Striking off a candidates name in the ESA joins other associations and no way indicates a negative vote; organisations. Defeated by show of the Executive Committee. hands. After the debate of the Statutes, the Members in good standing who have not collected a ballot at the Article 12: Three different ways of latter items on the Agenda went Conference will have a ballot electing the Executive Committee . through quickly. posted to them;

European Sociologist Number 3 page 6 The ballot box will be available for papers were returned by post the receipt of votes in Budapest because of a faulty address. The First meeting of through Saturday, 2nd number of accepted ballots was thus September; 240, and the number of accepted the ESA Executive votes given 2004. In addition to the After that, voters can post their 30 names suggested by the Committee ballots to Haavio-Mannila; nomination committee, 17 other Ballots must arrive in Finland by persons received altogether 27 The first meeting of the newly-sleeted 13 October 1995; votes. ESA Executive Committee, which replaces the interim Steering Counting will take place after 13 The 15 female candidates received Committee took place at SISWO in October and the names of those 982 votes and the 15 male Amsterdam during the weekend of 3~ elected will be announced in the candidates 995 votes. Eight women 4 November 1995. The members newsletter and on the e-mail and eight men have been elected to present were: Daniel Bertaux; discussion list; the Executive Committee. The Thomas Boje; Marlis Buchmann; Eva geographical distribution is fairly even Cyba; Ute Gerhard; Maca Jogan; A record of the number of votes except for a lack of members from for each candidate will be kept; Martin Kohli; Arnlaug Leira; Robert southern Europe. In my opinion, the Miller; Janusz Mucha; Bart van If an elected individual cannot members of the new committee Steenbergen; Sylvia Walby; Alison serve, alternates, in order of represent fairly well different Woodward. In addition, Bernard maximum ballots, will be taken; branches of sociology. All 30 Kruithof of SISWO and lmre Kovach candidates on the list received a lot of the Hungarian Sociological The ballots will be deposited in the of votes which indicates that all the Association were in attendance. Archives of the ESA (at SISWO), nominated sociologists had support from among the ESA members. The Following the Statutes, the competition was so fierce that the last Committe;e'''~J~cted the ESA's officers person elected to the Executive from within the Executive's members: Committee did not became clear first President: Sylvia Walby; until the final day of the election. Secretary General: Bart van The following sixteen persons have Steenbergen'; been elected to the Executive Treasurer: Thomas Bcje; Committee: Vice-president for Research Networks: Martin Kohli: Women: Vice-president and Chair of Marlies Buchmann, Switzerland Programme Committee for the third European Conference of Sociology: Eva Cyba, Austria Alison Woodward; Ute Gerhard, Germany Vice-president for Communications: Maca Jogan, Siovania Daniel Bertaux; Newsletter Editor; Robert Miller. Arnlaug Leira, Norway Katrin Paadam, Estonia The President and each of the Vice­ presidents have taken on the Chair of Sylvia Walby, Great Britain a sub-Committee. Alison E. Woodward, Belgium Publications: Sylvia Walby (Chair) Men: Thomas Bo]s Rudolf Andorka, Hungary Eva Cyba Daniel Bertaux, France Ute Gerhard Report On the Election of the Thomas Boje, Denmark Goren Therborn Executive Committee for 1995-97 Martin Kohli, Germany Research Networks: The election of the members of the Robert Miller, Northern Ireland Martin Kohli (Chair) Executive Committee of European Marlis Buchmann Janusz Mucha, Poland Sociological Association began at the Arnlaug Leira general assembly meeting during the Bart van Steenbergen, Netherlands Programme sub-commtttee for Second European Conference for G6ran Therborn, Sweden Sociology on the 1st of September, next Conference: 1995 in BUdapest. Postal voting On behalf of the Nomination Alison Woodward (Chair) ended after six weeks on the 13th of Committee I wish to thank those Thomas Boje (ex officio) October, 1995. members of ESA who participated in Martin Kohli the voting process. Janusz Mucha The votes were counted by Peija Katrin Paadam Haaramo and myself at the Sociology Elina Haavio-Mannila Bart van Steenbergen (ex officio) Department, University of Helsinki. Sylvia Walby (ex officio) Chairperson of the Nomination The number of ballot papers checked Committee in Budapest was 145 and a furth er Communication: 105 ballots came by mail. Ten ballot Daniel Bertaux (Chair) papers were rejected because of the Thomas Boje number of votes exceeded 10. Two Robert Miller

European Sociologist Number 3 page 7 Following on from negotiations carried out by the previous Steering Committee, the Executive ratified an agreement with SISWO, where SISWO will act as the Secretariat for the ESA. The Secretariat will consist of a half time Administrative Secretary and a half time Executive Secretary, who will be an academic. Bernard Kruithof will be the Executive Secretary. From this point on, those having dealings with the ESA normally will contact the Association through SISWO. The ESA's address at SISWO is:

The third conference of the European raising; e.g., for groups in special Sociological Association will be held need (for instance participants ATTN: in late Summer 1997. The from weak currency countries) or conference is a major part of the for receptions; Bernard Kruithof activities of the ESA. We invite bids EUfqp:ean'Sqciol,ogi:ca.1 DistanceITime from the nearest Association to host this conference from major airport: Departments or Associations of SiSWO Arrangements for conference Sociology in Europe. The hose team Plantage MUidergracht 4 programme; book of abstracts; will work with an international 1018 TV Amsterdam programme committee composed of Faclllnes 'fd('the reproduction of THE NETHERLANDS members of the ESA Executive and papers during the conference; tel.: +31 205270-646 chaired by vice-President Alison Any other advantages! Fax: +31 20622-9430 Woodward. The recent conference in disadvantages you would like to e-mail: Budapest in the Summer of 1995 draw to the attention of the ESA. [email protected] attracted approximately 600 sociologists from 34 countries and Sylvia Walby the ESA expects the next to be at Department of Sociology least as large. SISWO will act as the central point University of Bristol for ESA activities; including keeping The Executive Committee of the ESA 12 Woodland Road Bristol BS8 1UQ United Kingdom the Association's records and will select the conference venue from collecting membership dues. The bids submitted by 1 February 1996. tel: +44117 9288214 ESA General Secretary (van Key criteria will include cost and Fax: +441179706022 e-mail: [email protected] Steenbergen) will work in close facilities. Your bid should thus liaison with the Secretariat. include the follOWing information: The ESA intends to develop a range of associated publications in order to Name and address of the encourage the dissemination of sponsoring institution: sociology on a European basis and If you require further information Contact name, telephone, fax, e­ has received considerable for your proposal, contact: mail numbers and addresses; expressions of interest on this project Capacity of the largest available Alison Woodward from publishers. The ESA expects to Free University of Brussels publish at least one collection of lecture theatres for plenaries: Pleinlaan 2 selected papers from the Budapest The size and number of available B-1050 Brussels Belgium conference and the Publications sub­ rooms for ordinary paper tel: +322629282216472032 Committee is discussing more presentations and mid-size Fax: +32 2 6293637 ambitious publicaticn plans with a plenaries; e-mail: [email protected] range of interested publishers. The cost (if any) of these rooms; Number, range of quality and cost Other major topics discussed during Proposals shouldbe sent to the weekend included: a report of of beds; Alison Woodward and to the ESA the 2nd European Conference of Names of the proposed local Secretariat: Sociology in Budapest; the next conference team (if possible); European Conference of Sociology; Bernard Kruithot Number of helpers available and Research Networks. (All of Secretariat ESA before, during and after the these items are reported upon in SISWO conference (and at what cost); separately in this newsletter.) Plantage Muldergracht 4 Conference fee needed to 'break NL 1018 TV Amsterdam The The next meeting of the Executive even'; Netherlands Committee will take place in March Proposed conference fee (to tel: +31 205270646 1996. provide funds to the ESA; to cover Fax: +31 206229430 your risk, etc); e-mail: [email protected] The Iiklihood of additional fund-

European Sociologist Number3 page 8 At its first meeting, the newly-elected Research Networks: ESA Executive Committee approved five Research Networks. A number What Has Been Done and What Needs of others is under consideration pending further information on the formal and substantive criteria. (See to Be Done the lists below.) You are invited to join the Research Networks, to Research networks are an essential 2. Research Networks should have a indicate your interest and support for part of the intellectual life of the ESA. European focus which either bears the proposed Networks, or to initiate As noted in an earlier article (ES No. directly on Europe as an emerging a proposal for a Research Network. 1), they are the groups "where most social, cultural, political and Membership In Research Networks of the action is": confrontation economic entity or on comparative are open to all ESA members. between different approaches; research among European societies. comparison between societies and This means that the ESA will not between national sociological necessarily cover the whole range oJ traditions; continued discussion and sociological themes. Still, most of collaboration. They organize regular the core sub-fields of sociological meetings among their members and research should be represented; Networks other interested sociologists and 3. Proposals should give an have a key role in preparing the Approved by the indication of the likely number of program of the large bi-annual ESA members, show what the group has conference. ESA Executive done so far (e.g., organised a In this respect, the ESA follows the successful Working Group at the good practice of the International Budapest Conference, established a Sociological Association and many core of members etc), and what national sociological associations, activities the Network intends (e.g., Sociology of the where research networks are usually planning publications, comparative Family the most important institutional research initiatives, further 'Infrastructure. Research networks conferences, etc). There has already been some are focussed sufficiently to motivate Research Networks will be allocated collaborative work among European people and to enable them to work time slots during the bi-annual family Sociologists, but it has so far effectively with each other. They European Conferences of Sociology remained rather unsystematic and meet more frequently than is possible for a program of their own accidental. There are three factors within the framework of general responsibility. Networks will be that speak for a more systematic and conferences. These meetings tend encouraged also to hold at least one continuous effort: to be smaller and more workshop or academic meeting homogeneous, and thus more suited - First, family sociology is an during the period between the to intellectual debate and the important field in several European European Conferences of Sociology exchange of ideas. countries and it is highly desirable to so that members have the chance to intensify the cooperation among The ESA Stalutes provide the meet together at least once a year. It researchers of these countries; following procedure for establishing a is hoped that Networks will use the Research Network: it needs to be facilities of this newsletter and the - Second, family sociology has proposed by a minimum of ten european-sociologist Mailbase e-mail gained increasing importance as a members from at least three different discussion lists as well as relevant major sociological endeavor. It goes countries and to be approved by the journals to publicize their activities. today much beyond traditional Executive Committee. The latter has questions of the nuclear family and set up three substantive criteria for household to include; e.g., kinship approval: structures, relations between ThecontactpersontorNetwotks.is: generations, transfers and 1. Research Networks should be set Martin Kohli inheritance and it looks to the up so that they can continue to work Collegium Budapest Welfare State; productively over a longer period. $zentharoms·ag •. utca'2 - Third, the issues of family This requires topics or foci that are H-1014 Budapest sociology present a major challenge not too narrow and specific to for comparative research among passing fads. Topics should e-mail: [email protected] European societies, which have generate sustained interest from Fax: +361 -175-9539/212-2054 common features of modernisation; different perspectives and on e.g., in terms of fertility and gender different levels. Networks should not Addressdn 'G.ermany·afterlJuly relations, but remain highly distinct as be dependent upon the enthusiasm 1996: a result of specific cultural traditions. of one or two people. FreieUniversitatBerlin (l)stit.utfQr.Sozio.l.o·gie As an example, the research network At the same time, it is possible that at Babelsberger StraBe 14-16 will review the question to what least some research networks will extent there has been an "European 0-10715 Berlin have a limited goal envisioned from tel.: +493085002-210/211 family pattern", and what their beginning and deliberately will FAX: +493085002-205 consequences this entails for the cease'operations after a definite structure of the emerging European span; society.

European Sociologist Number 3 page 9 stayed permanently after arrival - a Committee of the International Cootact: good sign in conferences with a rich Sociological Association has been variety of different working groups. very active, attracting up to 150 Jean Kellerhals members, most of them Europeans). A business meeting attended by over Department 01Sociology Many of the members of the network twenty persons was held to discuss University 01Geneva have been previously (and for a long our further activity together. The blvd. Carl Vogt 102 time) active in either the national or business meeting decided to propose CH-1211 Switzerland international networks on life history. the creation of a research network to tei: +41 1227058309 Also, there is a strong desire both be called "Biographical Perspectives Fax: +411227814100 from a new generation of scholars to on European Societies". The name join a network of like-minded but for the network emphasizes our Olaudine.Attitas-Dcnfut perhaps more experienced Calsse.Naffonaled'Assurance research interest in European COlleagues, and for the latter to societies, and that biography forms a Vieillesse intensify their contacts and meet rue MkabeauA9 perspective on society made up not more reqularly. Especially in eastern F-75016 Paris France only of institutions, but of people, a and central Europe life stories are a tel: +33 1 45277824 perspective without which it is often completely new and important impossible to understand what is Fax: +33 1 45258964 approach which attracts many happening. sociologists. We hope that this The business meeting decided to process can take place within the establish an interim steering ESA framework. committee, consisting of following persons:

Biographical perspectives Contact: J.P.Roos (Chairperson, University of on European Societies Helsinki); J.P. Roos Zuzana Kusa (Secretary, University Department of Social Policy Sociological theory and research on 01 Bratislava); University of Helsinki life history is a topic which, after a Gilad Noga (University of Tel Aviv); P.O. Box 25 (Frauzeninkatu 13) long period of neglect in the postwar Ann Nilsen (University of Bergen); FIN-00014 era underwent a very strong revival in Brian Roberts (University of FINLAND the seventies. In recent times, life Huddersfield) ; history research has established itself Viktoria Semjonova (Russian tel: 3580 1911 as an important sociologal research Academy of Sciences, Moscow); Fax: 35801917019 perspective or approach. On the Liz Stanley (University of e-mail: [email protected] other hand, one cannot say that it Manchester); forms a distinct technique of Talis Tisenkopfs, (Latvian Academy research. Rather, life histories, of Sciences); autobiographies and other Elena Zdravomyslova, (Russian 'documents of life' have very Academy of Sciences, St. important consequences for Petersburg). sociological research and lend Youth and Generation themselves to different and flexible An editorial committee (Brian use. Current high profile theoretical in Europe Roberts, J.P.Roos, Liz Stanley and discussions about self and reflexivity, Ellna Haavio-Mannila) has been The situation of the sociological study identity as a process, life politics or established to develop an edited of youth is quite uneven in Europe. narratlvlty are all related to the life book. The book, Biographical In some countries, the sociology of history approach. At the same time, Perspectives on European Societies, youth is well established, well there are extremely varied subject will be divided into three sections ­ recognized by the academic areas where life histories are used time, narrative, identity; European authorities and has developed its within a European context: lives; and family and sexual lives ­ own social milieu. In others, this generational and family change; and will be made up of papers from sociology is deprived of any kind of ethnic, gender and class the Budapest conference plus legitimacy and is forced to make its identity; and submitted papers. The editors are way under the umbrella of a more religious and national identity. still accepting proposals for papers theoretical approach, such as until the end of the year. Please sociology of life course, life cycle, At the European Sociological send four copies of your texts to J.P. generation etc. Finally, in some Association Budapest conference the Roos as soon as possible. countries, sociology of youth is still Working group on "Biography and embryonic and almost nonexistent. Society" had altogether 38 The research network fulfils both the participants and 15 papers, with formal and the substantive criteria set But beyond this uneven development topics ranging from national identity, by the Executive Committee of the and these various forms, more education, holocaust, blood feud, ESA. Its focus is clearly European striking still is the cleavage and the comparison of European life stories, and many participants are engaged lack of contacts and communication cultural modernisation to feminism. in comparative research. The life between researchers who are These displayed the richness of the history approach has shown its supposed to share the same material and its analytic possibilities. viability and resistance to age interests, focus on the same Discussions in the working group (Iounded 10 years ago, the population and, perhaps,... raise the sessions were lively and most people "Biography and Society" Research same set of questions. A scientific

European Sociologist Number 3 page 10 community of youth sociologists research, vol 1, 1995, Berlin, W. de I see at least two ways to tackle this exists only at the national level and Gruyter). Most of CYRCE members question: not, as yet, at the European level. A will take part in the ESA YOUTH­ 1) From the viewpoint of the Task research network on Youth and GENERATION network; Generation in Europe would bring Force - the researchers. together various cultural traditions of 4) lARD, a leadinq non-profit As mentioned above, it seems that research and make easier the research institute operation in the we are already in the process of confrontation of different theoretical field of youth research, has set up bUilding up an European Community backgrounds. Hence, the TREU (Task force for Research in of social scientists. Better to participants in a European research Europe), its own research and recognize this rather than to ignore it. network focusing on Youth and networking unit devoted to monitoring A network can sustain this process, Generation in Europe will have two European research activities as well proViding for willing researchers a main objectives: as to setting up a long term scientific better knowledge of their network of researchers and 1) to learn to work together surroundings; institutions, TREU will join the ESA 2) to initiate, encourage and support 2) As far as the scientific topic is research in the sociology of youth at Youth and Generation in Europe network; concerned it would be easy to point the European level. out the "youth effect" upon the Already, various networks exist: 5) Last but not least, as part of the ongoing process of European Integration. Willingly or not, do Budapest Conference, a two-day 1) The International Sociological working group was organized on the young people support the process of Association's Research Committee European integration? How are they theme "Generational Change in 34 "Sociology of Youth". This part of the process of the Postwar Europe". On that occasion, research committee is organized on a construction of European identity? during informal discussions, several a regional basis. The ESA network researchers expressed their interest Are differences between European Youth and Generation in Europe will in a follow up more focused on the youth(p} lrcreastnq or decreaslnq? lean on the activities and members of "youth problematic". Some of them this ISA research committee; It is little point in saying that the are already enlisted among those Sociology of Youth is short of who would like to join such a 2) The ESA Youth and Generation in comparative investiqations. If this European network. Europe Network will be secant to ESA network. is able to-initiate more others various initiatives: such as the What does the Youth and Generation comparative and collaborative research, that already will be a great Nordic Youth Research Association in Europe plan to do? from which several researchers have There is an obvious answer to this achievement, but, at its starting point, already expressed interest in the question: Networking. all comparative undertaking has to ESA Network. Since the ESA Youth In my view, in order to face up to make clear its purpose, Here, it is to and Generation in Europe Network challenges coming from the know a little bit more about the wants to be a place of conjunction, European Union and the underlying situatlon and the participation of Young People in the process of discussion, collaboration between process of building up a European European Integration. researchers from different cultural Community of Social Scientists, the backgrounds, the same kind of most important and urgent priority is connection will be sought with to learn to work together. The most networks or associationa of youth useful thing to do is to find out Hese:archersinterested:in .. sociologists based in the south of similarities and differences between such anetwerk.areinvitedto Europe or in eastern European professional cultures of European contact me anhe,foHowihg address: countries; social scientists. Not only differences of theoretical framework, or concepts 3) A group of European sociologists Dr. Jean Charles Lagree and the use of varying of youth already have organized (CNRS - France) methodologies, but also traditions themselves into a network called London School of-Economics and institutional work conditions. CYRCE (Circle for Youth Research European Institute Research committees and workshops Cooperation in Europe). CYRCE is a Houghton Street during congresses are good tools to non-profit association for the London WC2A 2AE act in that direction. But, in order to promotion of research, policy and tel: +44 171 9557538 be fruitful, the solemnity of such great practice in the field of childhood and Fax: +44171 9557546 events has to be sustained by a more youth in Europe. Its actual e-mail: daily activity, which can take several membership consists of 13 LAGREE@LSE,AC.UK directions: established academics, administrators, policymakers and an exchange of information on the researchers from 9 European Internet (WWW) - an electronic countries, who look back to long discussion list: standing involvement in transnational Gender Relations in the organization of bi- or tri-lateral youth-related research and policy seminars (two day seminars with 2 the labour Market and endeavors. or 3 countries). This Year, CYRCE has edited the to encourage and foster collective the Welfare State first volume of a new series application to the DGXXII - an The importance of employment and dedicated to promote European annual seminar. labour market for the life chances of networks of youth specialists (The the members in the European nation Puzzle of Integration: European In what ways does the topic deal with states and in the developing yearbook on youth policy and European issues? common labour market of the

European Sociologist Number 3 page 11 European Union is undisputed. The subjects with industrial relations, specific and discriminated situation of especially with regard to two main Research women is an important reason to issues: study the complex interrelation of the Network First. industrial relations can be societal and labour market situation understood as institutions which (not only) of women. govern the labour market and Proposals Workshops on "Gender Relations employment. While standard and the Labour Market" were economics tend to regard the labour received by the organized at both the First and the market as a mechanism of pure Second European Conferences of arm's-length exchange relations, the ESA Executive Sociology and both times the key assumption of sociology is that workshops attracted great interest. the labour market and employment are embedded in social structures; Future Activities of the Network: and industrial relations represent a * Initiating and intensifying Sociology of particularly important institutional comparative research with the aims element of this social structure. In Consumption of clarifying theoretical explanations this context, the research will and providing more empirical based concentrate on "labour-market During the last five years material for political strategies to embeddedness", its variations across consumption has received increasing improve women's disadvantaged/ countries and its changes over time. attention from sociologists. It has discriminated situation in the This includes the question of the been realized that consumption does emerging European labour market; effect which industrial relations have not only offer a P~OPBf way to * Establishing research groups and on labour market performance and approach the society as a whole but reinforcing contacts between employment structures. also its varying aspects ..., The way of researchers; life, fashion, social identity, social * Organizing smaller research Second,changesinthelabour control and politics, body, historical centered meetings and conferences. market and employment in turn exert epoch (or Zeitgeist), among others, pressures for adjustment on industrial have been central coneerns related relations institutions. The to consumption in sociological globalization of markets, European Contact: studies. This variety of issues has integration and the accompanying also been reflected within congresses Eva Cyba changes in both the labour market on the ecology of consumption. Lustgasse 12/17 and employment pose a serious A-1030 Wien, Austria threat to established industrial­ There have been four international Fax: +43 1 7152288 relations institutions. The way in congresses on the sociology of which distinct institutions cope with consumption. The first was arranged After April 1996: this challenge is another question in 1989 in Oslo, Norway (see tnstltutetor-AdveneedStucies addressed by this research network. P.Otnes (ed.), The Sociology of Stumpergasse 56 Consumption). The majority of the The more general problems behind A-1060 Wien, Austria participants were from the Nordic tel.: +43159991213 the two main issues are whether and Countries, England, France, Australia how industrial relations - which are Fax: +43 1 5970635 and USA. The next congress took e-mail: ...c)iba@ihssv;-ws'r::ac;.;lt still nation-centred . can stand in an place in 1991 in Helsinki, Finland economy which has increasingly (participants from the Nordic become both globalized and Thomas Boje countries, England, USA, France and European. In line with this, special Department of Sociology Germany). Next, there was a UmeaUniversjty emphasis will be placed on a cross­ workshop on the themes of the national perspective. S-90187 Umea sociology of consumption and SWEDEN material culture in 1992 in York, England (participants from the Nordic Contact: tel: +4690165984 countries, England, Austria and the Fax: +4690166694 FranzTraxler Netherlands). The latest congress on a-mail: Institute of Sociology the sociology of consumption was Thornas~a()[email protected]:r:ll.J;:se University of Vienna lastly arranged in this year, in 8ruenner Strasse 72 Helsinki, Finland. It was perhaps the A-t210 Vienna, Austria until now largest congress and it Fax: + 43 1 291 28544 covered several important topics e-mail: within the sociology of consumption. [email protected];univie.ac.at Industrial Relations, Sruenner strasse72 At the Helsinki congress the question Labour Market Phone::[foreign countriesJ (Austria) of how to continue the congress [+431J (0222) 29128541 A-1210 nexus was discussed. The general Institutions and Vienna [+43 1) (0222) 29 1 28542 opinion was to stabilize a continuity Austria Fax:: [+43 lJ (0222) 291 of approach under uncertain Employment 28544 www.bwl.univie.ac.atlsQz/ economic circumstances by asking the European Sociological A variety of disciplines and soz.html e" Association about the establishment perspectives refer to the labour of a Research Network on the market and to employment. This rnail,::trax:ler@sQc;bwLunivie,ac.at Sociology of Consumption. research network will link these

European Sociologist Number 3 page 12 analysis of the role of Sociology of Education Kaj IImonen communications in contemporary University 01Jyvaskylil social change. The goals of the network are to Department 01 Sociai Sciences proceed in the establishment of P.O. Box 35 research subqroups that could F-40351 Jyvilskylil, Finland C.bntact: undertake comparative research in tel: +35841 602922 Peter Golding educational topics. Some members Fax: +35841 603101 Department of Social Sciences already have been working in the e-mail: [email protected] Loughborough University direction of comparative educational Loughborough, Leicestershire research. Other members work on Eivind Sto LE11 3TU, United Kingdom curricula research and in alienation SIFO tel.: +44 1509 223390 and even violent phenomena in 1324 Lysaker, Norway Fax: +44 1509 238277 education. In addition, cultural Fax: +4767531948 e-mail: [email protected] capital and inequalities in education Drago Kos and university structure are topics of FaclJlty·of,>Social,'$¢il3oces great importance to members of the University of LjUbljana network. Last but not least, some of Kardeljeva pi 5 our members are interested in the 61000 ljubljana, Slovenia epistemological aspect of the tel: +386611681461 Research Network on meaning of education itself. Fax: +38661 1683421 Disasters The network will focus in the future Alan::Warde on organising workshops related to Department 01Sociology All disasterologists are well aware of the above matters as well as Lancaster University a twentieth century paradox: despite sessions .in international conferences Lancaster, United Kingdcm scientific and technical progress, such as the "Cultural Crossroads" e-mail: there has not been a commensuarte conference to be held in July 1996 at [email protected];uk reduction of societal vulnerability to Tampere, Finland. disasters. In fact, there are 'signs that vulnerablility to disasters may have increased because of factors Contact: NicosGousgounis associated with scientific and technical progress; e.q., the Pedaqoqicallnstitute of Athens Sociology and Solomou demographic explosion, the 41 Environment proliferation and concentration of P. Psichlco 154 52 Athens industry, the vertical and horizontal Papers presented at the BUdapest concentration of people, and the GREECE tel: 66.24.554 conference are currently being cumulative effects of human .ngousg@dias~iteLgr considered for the journal intervention in natural processes. e-mail; Innovations. Sociologists and other social [through Fontas Kavouris] Fax: 64.60.658 scientists who are interested in the analysis of the social impacts and Contact: dialectics of "natural", "technological" Jon Mulberg and "complex" (conflict) disasters as CentrEdorResearch-in Public well as those interested in the Poiicy promotion of comparative disaster Economic Sociology University ofUlster at research in Europe are invited to join Jordanstown The basic aim of this Research the "ESA Research Network on Newtownabbey BT37 008, Network is to strengthen the Disasters" (provisional title). We are Northern ireland cooperation between economic exploring the possibility of holding a tel.: +441232368273 sociologists in Europe; it may also meeting in order to discuss Fax: +44 1232 366847 have links to the International organisational issues and programs e-mail: [email protected] Sociological Association's Economy (e.g., by-laws, the publication of a and Society group, to members of the newsletter, cooperation on ASA and to SASE. Primary comparative research projects, communication will be through e· securing EU funds, participation in mail. the next European Conference of Sociology of Sociology etc). Contact: Communications and Gyorgy Lengyel For'mqre infprma.ticm,•contact: Media Research BudapestUniversity of Econornlc pt.:NicP!;>;:-P13trop.oulos" ,Director Sciences e::mergl3n:ciesHfi$e~rch The interests of this research network Center Department of Sociology Dryadon 39 would be in fostering research and 3p. Fovam t. 8 Galatsi 11146 debate about the social role of 1093 Budapest, Hungary communications, information and Athens, Gree,oe tel/F~X: +36 1 2175-172 media in the constitution of the public tel: +30 1 601 6376 e-mail: sphere, and in the sociological Fax: +30 1 222 0043 [email protected]

European Sociologist Number 3 page 13 Europe" and will be concerned with formulating survey questions to yield Peter Mohler answers which permit cross-national ZUMA comparisons. It is proposed to hold POBox 122 155 this first meeting in October 1996. 0-68072 Mannheim . The second meeting will be held at Germany the 1997 European Sociological email: Mohler@ZUMA. Association's conference (venue yet Mannheimde to be decided); Loek Hetman b) The establishment of an email WORe discussion list and WWW page. University of THburg The email list will enable discussions PO Box 90153 In an associated development, between those in the network, and 5000 LE Tilburg the WWW page will describe the the following network has been The Netherlands network members, their interests and email: [email protected] set up which has not yet their research activities; applied to the ESA: c) The organisation of scientific visits between members of the network. Research Network for A directory of opportunities for The ESA Executive has also Comparative Research research visits (e.g. for sabbaticals, post-doctoral studies, exchanges and approved the establishment of on Europe (RENCORE) short visits) wlll be compiled. The a: directory will also list external Following a successful meeting of a sources of funding to support visits. working group at the European Sociological Association's Budapest Administration conference in September 1995, it has been resolved to establish a network The network will be administered by on methods of comparative research a small Executive Committee who will on Europe. The aim of the network is stand for election every two years (at to encourage and enhance the ESA meeting). The network will comparative empirical research of be established by a small ad-hoc Within the auspices and in individual, national and institutional Committee consisting of Loek accordance with the general level data from the states of western, Halman (Netherlands), Peter Mohler principles of the statutes of the central and eastern Europe. (Germany), and Nigel Gilbert (UK). European Sociological Association, we have established an ESA This aim will be met through the Membership of the network will 'Regional Network on Southern initially be free, although a following objectives: European Communities'. subscription may be levied once the network is well established. Potential The aim of the network is to facilitate 1) the support and promotion of sociological research in southern cross-national European research, members should write (or email) their Europe and of southern European both quantitative and qualitative; application for membership to Nigel Communities abroad and to 2) the development of comparable Gilbert, at the address below, encourage communication and indicators for comparative research; explaining their involvement in cooperation between sociologists and 3) the enhancement of information comparative European research and between sociologists and other social exchange between those who create listing relevant publications. scientists interested in the region. and use cross-national datasets; Applications should include a full mail address, an email address, and 4) the refinement of methods for the The network has three foci, the telephone and fax numbers. analysis of data obtained from a selection of which is based on the number of European countries. research areas of most colleagues All those who are engaged in who expressed an interest in European comparative research, The network will act as a forum and participating in this network: channel for discussion and whereever they may be working, are welcome to communication between those a) Migration, Ethnicity, Citizenship apply for membership of the Network. involved in cross-national European and Nationality, Multiculturalism, New research, either as data collectors or Racisms and Xenophobia, as data analysts. Nationalism, New Social Identities, Contact: Social Exclusion; The activities of the network will b) Gender Relations and Sexuality; Nigel Gilbert include: c) Public Policy (including Social Department of Sociology Policy and the Welfare State, University. of Surrey a) The organisation of meetings and Environmental Policy, Regional Gulldford GU2 5XH workshops on topics related to Policy, AgriCUltural and Industrial England comparative empirical research. Development Policies). _gng:®sos·~uney;.ac;uk These will be held about once a year. email: tel.: +441483259173 The first workshop will be on the Each area wlll shortly have a sub­ Fax: +441483306290 subject of "Asking questions across coordinator, who, in collaboration

European Sociologist Number 3 page t 4 with the main coordinators of the Objectives network, will be responsible for: South European The aim of this new journal is to a) the organisation of small Society & Politics provide a forum for comparative workshops and seminars and interdisciplinary studies of southern mini-conferences at regular Editors: Martin Balcwin-Edwards. Europe, along with innovative country intervals (once a year); The Queen's University of Belfast and subnational studies, and to b) the compilation and dissemination Martin Rhodes, European University encourage work on the region and its of information (via the Internet) to Institute and University of social, economic, cultural and the members of the network; Manchester political dimensions. In particular we wish to encourage quantitative work c) the establishment of collaborative Yiannis Yfantopoulos, University of and more extensive study of policy­ research links; Athens making. To these ends, the journal d) the organisation of a meeting of all Associate Editor: Geoffrey Pridham, will publish regular assessments of members of the network at the Centre for Mediterranean Studies, the 'state of the art' in major research ESA conference. University of Bristol areas. The main reasons for establishing Reviews Editor: Susannah Verney Countries/Disciplines this network are the following :The Editorial Board: interest expressed to us by many Joaquin Arango, Professor and The principal countries of study will colleagues for the creation of such a President, Centro de Investigaciones be Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece. network and for the need of a forum Sociologicas, Madrid; Luciano Bardi, We will consider contributions of high of this sort which will facilitate co­ Senior Lecturer in Political Science, quality on southern France, Cyprus, operation among researchers University of Bologna; Manuel Malta and Turke-y - particularly where (scholars) in southern European Villaverde Cabral, Professor of there is a strong comparative countries and abroad. Until now, Sociology, University of Lisboa; ccmponertt. The disciplines can be Southern Europe has been Wayne A. Cornelius, Gildred any of the established social underrepresented both in terms of Professor, Center for US-Mexican sciences· sociology, social policy, active participation in congresses Studies, University of California, San socia! anthroporoqy. political science, and conferences and in terms of Die90, USA; Nikiforos . political economy. Emphasis will be cross-national comparative research Diamandouros, Professor of Political placed on interdisciplinarity and, proposals seeking funding from Science, University of Athens; Gosta where appropriate, empirical and prestigious funding bodies in Europe Esping Andersen, Professor of quantitative methodology. and elsewhere. This is partly due to Comparative Social Systems, lack of communication facilities/fora University of Trento; Kevin Issue Areas and partly due to inertia - both of Featherstone, Professor of European which we will try to overcome via the Politics, University of Bradford; These cannot be exhaustively activities of this network. The Maurizio Ferrera, Professor of Public defined, but examples include network will also give an opportunity Polley, University of Pavia; Patricia governance, policy-making and for further activities within the Goldey, Research Director, political legitimacy; issues of auspices of the European Agriculture and Rural Development, economic development, including Sociological Association. University of Reading; Richard distributional and spatial issues; Gunther, Professor of Political social phenomena and social policy; The network was launched at the social anthropological issues, Conference 'Nation and Migration in Science, Ohio State University, USA; Michael Herzfeld, Professor of including culture and national identity; Southern Europe' organised by Prof. social, political and economic change F. Anthias and Dr. G. Lazaridis and Anthropology, Harvard University, USA; Paul Heywood, Professor of in southern Europe; and issues held on 18-20 December 1995 at the related to European integration. University of Greenwich. It now has Politics, University of Nottingham; more than 100 participants. Fernando Farelo Lopes, Professor of Politics, University of Lisboa; Edward South European Society and Politics Malefakis, Professor of History, will comprise the following: Columbia University, USA; Jose refereed journal articles; Coor-dinators: Maria Maravall, Professor of Political short briefing papers on topical Gabriella-Lazerjcis Science, Instituto Juan March de issues; Department.cf.Pclltlcal.Science Estudios e Investigaciones, Madrid; review articles; and Social Policy Yves Meny, Professor and Director, book reviews and book notes, University"ot:Dundee Robert Schuman Centre, European including significant foreign language Dundee DD1 4HN University Institute, Firenze; literature; United Kingdom Leonardo Morlino, Professor of Research Forum: a compilation of Fax: +441382344675 Political Science, University of research and publication activities on tel: +44 1382 344205 Firenze; Victor Psrez-Dlaz, Professor southern Europe; of Political Science, Complutense also one Special Issue per year Elenj':Nina~P-azarzi University, Madrid; Martin Schain, Depertment.ofBuslness Professor and Chair, Center for Contents of Issue I, Spring 1996: Administration European Studies, New York Articles: U0iversityofPiraeus University, USA; Konstantinos la'l Gough: 'Social assistance in KarabH'andDlrnitriou80 Tsoukalas, Professor of Sociology, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece and Pir.q.eus,:,S.reece University of Athens; Giovanna Turkey' Faxffel: +30 1 6544703 Zincone, Professor of Political Padelis Lekas: 'Nationalism in Sociology, University of Torino" southern Europe'

European Sociologist Number 3 page 15 Geoffrey Pridham: 'Developing environmental policies in southern Europe - towards enactment and enforcement' James Darby: 'Less successful strategies - Japanese manufacturing in southern Europe' Celia Valiente: 'Family policy in southern Europe· the case of post­ authoritarian Spain' Spyros Sofas: 'Defining the people ­ populism and cultural politics in Greek society 1974-1985' Why are French sociologists so few chores. Obviously, too little time is Briefing Paper: Venieris: 'Social on the international scene? It's left for empirical research, and taking protection in Greece' worthwhile to write about it since the best of the constrainsts they meet Review Article: loanna Lambiri­ apart from some sociologists very they confine themselves to Dimaki: 'Sociology in Greece' well known: Durkheim; Althusser; theoretical works of direct interest to Foucault; Bourdieu; Touraine and their teaching; deserting empirical Subsequent issues will include the some others, French sociology is investigations. Those are carried out following: almost everywhere absent. mostly by the CNRS researchers. Kenneth Dyson and Kevin Everybody will agree with us: French They are 2000 in the Departement of Featherstone: 'Disciplining the sociology is the best in the world. but Social Sciences. Tneyare civil partitocrazia • economic and only for the French, since they stay servants and full time researchers. monetary union and the tranformation within their own national community They c~~ te~F~.... most oft~n at the of the Italian state' debating among themselves without Phd Level. buffhey have 'no Francis Castles: 'Home ownership opening the door on .foreign obligation to do so. They have total and the welfare state: is southern discussions. Everything looks as if in freedom in the choice of their topic Europe different?' sociology, the globalisation process or their research programme. But, Thomas Gallant: 'Crime in modern is following some avenues which whereas they have no .worry about Greece' carefully avoid France. I may be their salary, which so far is secure for Jose Magone: 'Portugal's political exaggerating, making the portrayal life, they don't receive any money for elites' darker than it is in reality. their research. Therefore, as long as Fernando Lopes: 'The cllentellst they' want to undertake empirical phenomenon in contemporary But I am so disappointed when I hear investigations which, in any southern Europe' we were looking for a French circumstances and whatever the Pino Arlacchi: 'Organized crime in expert, but we didn't find any / we methodology used, are costly, they Italy' have an Erasmus programme. have to respond to calls for tender Thomas D. Lancaster: 'Legislative­ working very wetl. including 4 and compete with colleagues to get ... do you Executive Relations in Southern countries, but not France; some money. know? / 1300 British researchers Europe: a comparative analysis of I can see some gli mmers of jealousy Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece' expressed their interest in the coming up when reading these lines. David Corkill: 'Racism and European programme, and only 400 French .. Somehow, CNRS researchers are immigration in Spain and Portugal' still surrounded and protected by the John Redmond: 'Island newcomers? How to explain such a situation! Academic Franchise which in the Malta and Cyprus and EU accession' Well, the task is not easy. Specially if Middle Age ensured to clerks of the Review Essay: Claire O'Neill: your contribution has to be short. So, Sorbonne total freedom. Their task, 'Making Democracy Work: Robert let's leave aside the reasons which as it is written down in the most Puttnam and his critics' are usually associated with the strong official declarations, is to carry out SPECIAL ISSUE on the welfare state presence of Anglo-American basic research. CNRS researchers in southern Europe research and let's concentrate more work for the sake of scientific on the absent ones and see if they knowledge. They never knew the Subscription Rates do not playa role themselves in this. same pressures as their British Three issues per year dominance effect. colleagues, for example, where, in Individual: £35 $45 order to survive, social scientists Institutional: £90 $135 I'd like to start with the institutional organisation of the social sciences in were asked to demonstrate that social sciences can be useful. On For subscription information, contact France. It is a very specific situation the contrary, in France applied Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., Newbury and, as far as I know,unknow research, when undertaken by the House, 890-900 Eastern Avenue, elsewhere in Europe. Research in same researcher over too long a Newbury Park, liford, Essex IG2 the social sciences is carried out by period of time can be regarded as a 7HH,UK two main set of bodies: Universities and the national research institutions, sign of weakness or professional inadequacy. How many researchers, Editorial contact: among them the CNRS (National these last years, have been, politely, Martin Baldwin-Edwards Centre for Scientific Research). As asked to give evidence of their Fax: +44 1232 683543 far as universities are concerned, the capacity to take part in the academic Email m.baldwin­ situation is not so different from other and scientific debate rather than to [email protected] countries. Social scientists have to divide their time in three parts: continue provldlnp expertises and . teaching; research; administrative consultancies for national agencies or institutions?

European Sociologist Number 3 page 16 Now, let me be very clear and stress the least, actively contribute to bring resources, they could survive and firmly the point - since I know very international issues to the debate, be carryon with their way of working, well that British researchers find it they theoretical or empirical. Real ignoring the trends, pressures and very diffficult to understand - this interest in foreign journals remains contraints other communities of social almost total freedom means neither limited. Why should French scientists have had to face up to in that CNRS researchers are not sociologist be involved in, say, the meanwhile. productive nor that they are European research, when no Plaise Oieu, the dream doesn't turn abandoned to themselves. Here, any academic legitimacy is attached to the into a nightmare. I know very well question about professional research funding bodies which launch also that this, as a generational conscientiousness will be considered and organize these programmes? phenomena, hopefully can be irrelevant and to some extent Why should they network with temporary. Sociologists above 45 insulting. But, while the organisation colleagues who are unknown within years of age who form the bulk of the provides and ensures this freedom, a the French community? My point is, French sociologist researchers, strong, continuous, daily informal as long as - for historical reasons - the seldom speak a foreign language, control exists -created by community which controls careers is have little international contacts, have acquaintances and the more interested in its own regulation almost never been abroad for a long interconnections between peers and rather than anything else, the peer or semi-long term. Most of them have equals. review system blocks the opening to only a superficial knowledge of the external and foreign influences. And There are round about 300-350 scientific culture of their foreign the problem is less that the CNRS CNRS sociologists. But we don't colleagues. By this I mean not only milieu works like a cocoon - which can work at this macro level. Everybody knowing the concepts, theories and help for a better scientific productivity ­ is enclosed in a very small social methodologies in usebut also the than that this cocoon is drifting away world, limited by shared interests and institutional environment, the dynamic from the mainstream of the European conflicts of interest. Let's take an of the milieu Which defines;the work scientific community, at least, as far example. There are 350 CNRS context. A~~(the lack translated as socia! sciences are concerned. of sociologists I said. But interested in books reinforces the process. a specific topic: religion; gender; Compared with the U.K., another Theoretical frameworks are mostly social policy; youth; migration there factor has to be taken into account. Franco-French. are no more than 20 to 50. Because Some years ago, Mrs Thatcher But with the passing of time, the of the recruitment policy (more shouted out: I want my money back! social and economic context is exactly the failure in recruitment The impact on social sciences changing. First of all, more and more policy), they have all more or less the research was immediate. National young researchers have at least a same age, the same career, the resources dried up and researchers light experience ot studyinq, living same experience, they are involved were kindly invited to find other and working abroad. For them, the and they have been involved for the sources of support. Therefore, as a first and criticai step is already done. last 15 or 20 years in the same paradox, in social sciences, the U.K. More and more programmes sustain conferences, seminars and networks. which is not highly committed in and encourage this trend: first of all To be short, everybody knows each Europe - became the first customers at the natlonallevel.wlth the Grants other. And, above all, professional of European Research, taking the lead for PhD students, but also by an control operates at this first and basic in many networks. coordinating many increasing resort to European level: acquaintances and programmes, sending scientific programmes such as ERASMUS, interrelations. Obviously, informal experts to every committee and board. H.C.M. and now T.M.R. Slowly but and formal are linked together, since Sad reality. Under financial pressure, steadily, the new generation career assessment is carried out British social scientists were urged to generates a new dynamic more in through peer review, within the develop an entrepreneurial culture favour of international or European National Committee, a body of which was successful with the collaboration. And more and more, it elected and non-elected members European research funding bodies. is becoming weird or quite covering each discipline. As a result, In France, even if the Golden age has unacceptable to do research while the CNRS is a big machine. It is a gone for ever, the financial pressure ignoring what as been done or written wide and huge institution. But in has never been as strong. As by our neighbour. Times are practice, the mesh of the web is very mentioned earlier, researchers are changing, the mood also. But it takes tight, which gives the system a great civil servants and therefore don't fear time!!! So much time. flexibility and a guarantee of better losing their job. So far, they also have efficiency. But there are two sides to As for our neighbours on the other the opportunity - even if this every coin. This strong informal side of the Channel, hardships and perspective is chancier than ever - to social control on which careers are changes in the political guidelines find money to carry on with their regularly assessed works like an imposed on grant~giving bodies are a investigations using methodologies infernal machine, trapping strong and critical incentive to draw adapted to the financial resources researchers in a narrow world which more resources from international or available. In France, quantitative can easily become out of touch with European research bodies. Less research with large surveys is the the environment. national research funds push the private hunting grounds of a few large researchers into the European At least, the weak presence of insitutions such as INSEE, CEREQ, networks. At the same time, the French sociology on the international INED. The rest take refuge either in Frcmch sociologists are brought scene can be partially explained by theory or in qualitative investigation of towards European collaboration by this factor. Far more than language a small sample of interviewees. On two simultaneous influences: or credit questions, the way the this basis, a relative peace of mind scientific milieu in social sciences amongst social scientists has been Becoming more and more aware of operates in France doesn't, to say preserved. Even with scanty the dangers of being left out of the

European Sociologist Number 3 page 17 European scientific community, the formed at the Institute and the Public Despite these objective difficulties, CNRS hierarchy itself encourages Questioning Net for the monitoring of our scientists are going on with their researchers to take position on the public opinion is functioning. A task - the study of their society as in European scene. Then, the research number of specialists from the undergoes epochal change. contracts obtained from the Institute have taken part in training European Commission, that up to courses at sociological centres in the Evengii Kodatko, now were a little bit scorned and U.S.A., Great Britain and other Y. Soenko regarded as money-spinners, are countries. There are a number of Tatiana Scherbina nowadays taken at face value. international contacts and joint Information Analytical Centre, research projects. Despite these The Ukraine . Secondarily, the Commission itself contacts and the experience of Fax; (0622) 55-00-02 made a unilateral move to clarify the academic intercourse with colleagues process of selection. The from west and central Europe, it is programmes are provided with a evident that, side by side with the scientific committee which includes frank interest of foreign colleagues in academic experts. And then, little by social processes in the Ukraine, there Sociology of little, the European programmes get exists a lack of mutual information on the legitimacy they were deprived scientific research, achievements and Consumer from. problems. This article is a brief Therefore, the main obstacles which attempt to go some way towards Culture Web Site were slowing down the process of rectifying this gap. Europenaisation of the French social Web surfing sociologists might like to The main focii of the research which science community progressively are point their browsers at " the Institute is conducting are: being taken away. But god! How "Social Status Stratification of http://www.9oJ9.ac.ukl-soao: dsl long, it is! The system can move Society" (Leader: Sergei consumer.htrn . forward ensuring that researchers Makeev); carry their work properly in a more "The Dynamics of Mass This site focuses on research into open minded direction. Here, there Consciousness and Prioritized consumer culture. It aims to provide is a chance, there is the milieu and Values" (Anatolii Rushka, Natalia practical resources for research such there is an opportunity that individual Kostenko); as: researchers have to grasp jf they "The Sociology of Politics and want to maintain a good position on Culture" (Evgenii Golovakhna, on-line bibliographies; the European scene and, above all, if Natalia Panina); course outlines and reading lists; they want to keep and defend a "Monitoring of the Social­ alistinq of researchers in status envied by every European Psychological State of the consumer culture and related social scientist. Sacrifices of the Chernobyl fields; Accident" (Yurii Saenkc): a notice board for announcements "Jean Tennom" Social Psychology and the and help wanted; Sociology of Everyday Activities" archives, libraries and other (Lidia Sakhan, Vsevolod information sources, both on-line Tikhonovich). and off-line; internet links to other sites In addition to the Institute of relevant to consumer culture Sociology, there are a number of research (e.g., cybershopping and scientific centres located in the web-based marketing; sites regions; including the Donetsk dealing with postmodernity). Information Analytical Centre, which is studying aspects of development in The Consumer Culture web site has the biggest region of the Ukraine ­ just begun: it should become a The development of sociologicial "Donbass". valuable resource, but this depends science in the Ukraine can be on researchers using it. Have a look. considered only in connection with According to the Academician Leave your name and e-mail number. the general situation in the country. Zaslavskaia's opinion, sociology Contribute information or The renaissance of sociology during fulfilled three functions during the announcements. And if you don't the first years of Perestroyka Perestroyka period: generally use the web, this might be (reconstruction) promoted an internal consciousness; a good occasion to try it out. increase in the fundamental and - a political function; applied sciences. New scientific - the formation of civil society. The site is maintained by: centres were created which studied During more recent times a number Don Slater different aspect of social life. The of negative tendencies can be Department of Sociology Ukrainian Sociological Institute on the observed in sociological science. Goldsmiths College National Academy of Sciences was The connections between scientists University of London organized in 1990. It is a leading located in different regions are being Lewisham Way scientific centre in the field of the broken. Because of economic New Cross theory and practice of sociological problems, the financing of London SE14 6NW research. Thirty doctors and nearly fundamental research is being tel; +44171-919-7707 sixty postgraduate PhD candidates reduced - a process of the e-mail: [email protected] are working at the Institute. The commercialization of social science is Sociological Data Bank has been going on. Do get in touch (by any means!).

European Sociologist Number 3 page 18 A Starters Guide to the Internet

What is it? a terminal to the remote computer. in the address of the computer you The commands you type are sent want to login to In the simplest terms the Internet is a from your own terminal to your local e.g.: telnet bubl.bath.ac.uk global network of networks, Internet service provider and from login: bubl connecting academic, government there to the remote computer you .. . and commercial institutions, as well To start up the Telnet program in have accessed. For example, you as private individuals. It offers users Windows or Macintosh simply can login to a remote computer, the ability to communicate and gain which may be in the next room or double-click on the Telnet icon and access to information stored on across the world, carry out some you will be asked for the address of computer systems worldwide. Once statistical procedures on a large the Telnet site you wish to login to. connected you will have access to dataset and have only the results databases and datasets: on-line Pay attention to the screen once you transferred back to you. You can information services; library have logged in for instructions on also log into library catalogues or catalogues; electronic books and how to proceed and quit. Sometimes bibliography services. If you are journals; software archives, mailing a "service may ask you to set terminal away from home you can also use lists and discussion groups. Some of emulation (where you tell the remote Telnet to login to your own computer these documents may even include site how data should be shown on to read your e-mail. With most Telnet sound and video. However, the your own screen). Ask at your sites you will be asked for a Internet has the appearance of a computing service if you are unsure username and password. Public single global network, because no about this. Trying to access Telnet sites will tell you these, but some matter what hardware or software sites, or any site outside your own sites you will have to register to use; you are using, the same network country may be slow and it will on registration you will be issued with conventions, or 'Internet Protocol' are depend on the amount of network an individual username and applied. traffic- have patience, or try again at password. Many universities a different time of day. provide Telnet access: ask your How to access? computing service about a Telnet Different institutions will have program. Some Telnelsitesto try: different means of access, if at all. SIByl, a Social Science software Talk to your computing service about Telnel addresses information bank.ccntaininq how to access. Basically you will With Telnet you must know the comprehensive intorrnatlonon need access to a networked terminal precise Internet address of the computer applications for the or microcomputer with computer you want to log in to. Each soci-al and behavioural sciences. communications software and basic computer on the network has a terminal emulation software to allow suniec.ppsw~rug~nl unique numerical IP (Internet your computer to connect to another login: sibyl Protocol) address. This usually takes and act as a terminal to that the form of four sets of numbers with computer. ICPSR - Inter-University a period between each set. For The basic means of access are by Consortiu 111 for PollticelandSocial example the IP address for a remote login, file transfer (FTP), and R.~:sear:ch-:hqlds:an_:archive,of publicly accessible site in the UK, e-mail as well as information servers worldwi(je·machine:readable-qatoa BUBL, (Bulietin board for Libraries) is such as World Wide Web. 138.38.32.45. To make life easier ic:psr;icpsr;umicn;€!',dll the numericallP addresses have Remo!e login/!elne! domain name equivalents e.g. NISS- National. Information Remote login uses Telnet (or terminal 138.38.32.45 is bubl.bath.ac.uk. services & Systems (UK) - check emulation) which is a program that Typing in either form of address will out option I :The NISS Information allows. you to access and interact still connect you to BUBL. g:ateway. with a remote computer, the 'host' To use Telnet type telnet at your nisa.ac.uk computer. Your computer is used as system command prompt, then type

European Sociologist Number 3 page 19 ------

File Transfer Protocol (FTP). to binary (simply type in binary before called 'gopherspace', gets the using the get command). information and puts it on your Many systems connected to the screen. Essentially it searches and Internet have file archives which are But how do you find out about FTP retrieves. Gopher can connect to publicly accessible. These may sites? This is where Archie comes another computer and access consist of libraries of documents and in. Archie provides a search facility documents, programs, text, images, software archives. You can retrieve of all the anonymous FTP sites world sound, even video, and unlike FTP, these files by a process known as wide. It finds the site and/or the you can read a document before FTP (File Transfer Protocoi). Not all name of files you are interested in retrieving it. It automates remote machines have FTP software, so retrieving. You can use an Archie logins and FTP, so there is no need again ask your computing service or client on your service provider's to remember complicated IP use FTP bye-mail (see later). computer, you can telnet to Archie addresses and commands. It also sites or use Archie via e-mail, (see As with Telnet you will need already knows where things are and has the section on e-mail access). be aware of the existance of FTP powerful search capabilities, so there sites. It is necessary to know the are possibilities for exploration. host's name or lP address and a Archi'E!'..Serve.rs.:·Via·.TE!,lnet There are three ways to access username and password may be 'gopherspace' ; required. To use FTP you would arcltle.umvle.ac.at Austria through a Gopher client running specify the site name (at your archie.funet.fi Finland on your local Internet service systems command line type: ftp archieJh,darmstadtde.-(3en:nany providers machine. sitename) and then login with a archte.cs.hull.ac.ll Israel through aTelnet connection to a username and password. Generally archie.unipi.it Italy publicly accessible S;;opher site when retrieving from public access archle.reclrls.es Spain via e-mail (seelater) ftp sites the username is archie.luth.ss Sweden anonymous, or ftp. Quite often the archie.switch.ch Switzerland There are several Gopher clients(e.g. password is your full a-mail address. archie.doc.ic.ac.uk UK Hgopher for Windows, TurboGopher You' would then find the directory For Macs). Implementation may vary where you know the files are stored, For all sites login: archie slightly, however the same set of set the transfer type to either ASCII Usethe.Archie server closest.to functions and commands' are or binary and issue the command to you. employed. Type 'gopher' at your get the files transferred back to you. systems command prompt If your service provider has a Gopher client, For example, you could try to transfer If you are interested in qualitative its root menu will appear on your the new quick reference card 'The data analysis software have a look at screen. Move up and down the Internet for Social Scientists' the CAQDAS FTP site (Qualitative menu by using your arrow keys or produced by SOSIG (Social Science Data Analysis Software Networking mouse (if using Windows or Information Gateway) in the UK. Project). Here you will find demo Macintosh Gopher clients). When Type what you see in bold. versions of qualitative software. The you find a menu item that you want to $ ftp sosig.ac.uk FTP address is ftp.soc.surrey.ac.uk select, press the enter key or click (connects to the site) login as anonymous and enter your your mouse button. With some e-mail address as a password. If you name: anonymous Gopher clients you can select an want to download demo versions of item by typing in its line number or password: your e-meil address software for PC's go to pub/caqdasl letter. Incidentally, you can exit most FTP> cd pub/sosig/doc pc directory, or, go to pub/caqdasl Gophers by typing Q for quit. (changes the directory) mac directory, if you want to download Mac versions of software. You can also directly access remote FTP> Is Gophers without having to go (lists files) Read the readme file in pub/caqdas/ readme.txt for further instructions. It through endless numbers of menus FTP> ascii is useful when downloading files to from your own root menu (you need (sets transfer type to ascii for text read the readme files first for to know the address of the remote files) guidance. Gopher). At your systems command FTP> get isscard3.doc prompt type gopher site address (Word for Windows v.6.0 file) Navigation port number, e.g. to access FTP> or get isscard3.ps Mailbase, the UK's electronic mailing (PostScript file) With Telnet, FTP and e-mail access, list service, type you must already know of the $ gopher nisp.ncl.ac.uk 70 FTP> bye existence of useful sites and know (to exit) their exact IP address. Fortunately You should be presented with the there are tools that not only access Mailbase menu. Choose option 6­ Before transferring a file it is sites and retrieve information, but Mailbase lists A-E. Here you will find important to check the transfer type. also help you look for interesting information on the European Files to be retrieved using ASCII sites you knew nothing about. Sociologists Mailing list You can look include those with a .txt extension Amongst these navigational tools are up the description of the list, find out and Macintosh programs stored in Gopher and World Wide Web. who the members are and get binhex or stuffed format, havmq the information on how to join the list extension .hqx. Executable files Gopher (extension .exe) and Zipped or If you do not have a Gopher client packed files (extension .zip and .arc), Gopher is a more user friendly you can access by Telnet, try are in binary format and should be means of accessing the Internet: as telnetting to these publicly accessible transferred with the transfer type set its name suggests it goes out into so Gophers,

European Sociologist Number 3 page 20 info.sunet.se World Wide Web login: gopher GQp.her The World Wide Web (WWW) has bubl.bath.ac.uk provided users with a consistent Many Gopher sites-wif have login: bubl means to access a variety of WWWasamenuoption, lt.ls Gophers also offer entrance to other documents in a more graphical and a.root menu option- at information systems - you may see therefore, more user friendly way. It info.sunetse 70 menu items for WWW. WAIS. Archie has been designed on a system and services such as FTP and Telnet known as 'hypertext' where words in one document are linked to other on many Gopher menus. You may Using a Web Browser also often see a menu option documents: these may be located in 'Veronica'. Veronica (Very Easy any part of the networked world. When you first double-click on your Rodent Oriented Net-wide Index to WWW uses a software graphical Mosaic or Netscape icon you are Computerised Archives) provides a interface (W3 client program, or 'web taken into your particular server. You convenient searchable index for browser') such as Mosaic or can start browsing from here. From 'gopherspace'. When you chose Netscape. These 'web browsers' the home page you can use the Veronica you are prompted to enter a allow the user to point and click, hypertext links to lead you to other keyword, then press return/click OK. using their mouse, on the hypertext documents simply by clicking. Veronica then returns another menu links; this action takes you from one However, instead of following a long listing the gopher items that match site to another. These links (normally series of hypertext links, you can go your search - you can then select as highlighted in blue), can be a word, straight to a particular page of usual. phrase, or picture. interest if you have its URL. As with Gopher, WWW is a URL, or Uniform Resource Locator, navigational tool and you need not is the identification address of the Some Gopher siles know the exact location of the source to which you would like to documents you are retrieving. Neither connect to. For example you could Toplevel Eurogopher· is it necessary to know if they are go straight to the WWW Virtual library info.sunel.se (port number 70). located at a Telnet site, FTP archive, p~ge by placing your cursor in the Eurogopher is the joint effort of or Gopher site; WWW does 'all the 'Location field', (see'the illustration European qopfier rnaintainers. to work for you, connecting for you at the top of the article, page 19) structureandmalntainqopher when you click on the keywords delete the existing URL as you would space shown in hypertext. Increasingly, in a word processing package, then sites that were once only accessible press return. You will notice that the DDA. Danish Data Archives - is a via Telnet, Gopher and FTP, are also word 'location' changes to Go to: . national data bank, document being made accessible via WWW. Now type in your new URL, paying and technical, service for attention to letter case. researchers in Denmark and Access hllp:llwww.w3.org/hyperlexl/ abroad. You can access the World Wide Web DataSources/bySubject! gate1.dda.dk 70 in several ways: Overview.html by a browser on your own SWIDOC, The Social Science Once you have arrived here you can machine such as Mosaic or Information'andDocumentaticn move around the screen by using the Netscape which is the quickest Centre (Netherlands) collects scro1l bars at the right hand side. and most effective andoocumentscurrentresearch You will notice that resources are informatlon"pubfications 'and Less effectively you can access arranged alphabetically by subject; if emplrloaldataftles. WWWvia: you move down you will find Sociology,· double-click on this and zonnetje.swidoc.nl 70 a browser that can be Telnetted to, you will go straight to the WWW Virtual Library Sociology page. GESIS, -German Social Science Gopher Choose from the list and keep lntrasfructure-Services or least effectively bye-mail. clicking on whatever highlighted bonn.iz-s(\z;de70 words take your interest. Notice as well that as your pointer moves over Telnet Norwegian SocialScience Data a hypertext link the URL will appear Services You can explore WWW by in the status bar at the bottom of your gopher.uib.no 70 Telnetting·to... screen - take note of the URLs of lnto.carn.ch sites you may like to visit another ICPSR - Inter-University time. When you find an interesting Consortium for Political and Tofollow references, type the site that you may return to fairly often $:oclal::Rt!~e::aroh_,;'::-A,:mem_q~rsbip numberotthe reference you you can save its URL as a bookmark. organisation.:proVidii19'::;a want.end-hlt-the-retumkey. You will normally find 'Bookmark' as fl;lpository ofWorld~Wide'llla'chine a menu option (in Mosaic this is raadablesoclel.selertcedata. called 'Hotlist', you will find it under Connecting to WWW by a .. Provldes asearchable J~lbl3:tserver:isnotldeal. ,At 'Navigate' in the pull down menu). bibliographic database of the thisTelnet-site'.they,~dviseyou Use the 'Back' or '<' button to go archives. to pick up a W3 'client' program back to a previous document or click icpsr.umich.edu 70 suitable.foryounplattorm, .. do on the 'Home' button to go back to :thi~,ifyou,c~n. your server's home page. (You will find both 'Back' and 'Home' located

European Sociologist Number 3 page 21 under GO in the pull down menu options if using Netscape, under Note::t~y,ac:pes_si~~tSOme,of,:the Navigate if using Mosaic). ~'9ph.ersitf3,~.fr():rnt~~,previoys section via WWW, by typing Gopher:IJfollowed by the address Some Web sites eg: gopher:llbonn.iz-soz.de 70 R~s9~rceDire¢tq~je:~':·liDks,:t() World Wide Sociology resources: Virtuai Library: http:// Access by E·mail if you're not on­ www.w3.orglhypertextl line DataSourceslbysubjecU If you have no other means of Overview.html connecting to the Internet, you can Yahoo; http://www.yahoo.com still access various network facilities, SOSIG: Social Science such as Gopher, WWW, FTP, via E­ Information gateway-(UK) mail. Find out how to do this by http://so~ig.~~rC:J)ri,~k~,C,tlk retrieving the latest version of Netguide for Socioiogists (Dutch) 'Accessing The Internet by E-mail­ http://www.eur.nl:80Ifsw/ Doctor Bob's Guide to Off-line netgidslsociol.html Internet Access'. Simply send an e· mail to: [email protected], SOcioldgy'on,.fhe:·'lnfernet in the BODY of the note (not the (German) subject) enter the following: send lis­ http://www.uni-Koeln.delwiso­ iis e-access-inet.txt. fak/sozielogiesem/internetl sources.html The E$~ publishes a newsletter, Want to know mere? European Sociologist, as a means of ltalian'Ger{eral'SubJect Tree communicating with Its members. As http://www.mi.cnr-iMGST/ The best place to learn about the an ESA member, you will receive the Sociologia.html Internet is of course on the Internet itself. Not only is there a wealth of newsletter. Since December 1994, the ESA also has had an e-mail Sociology Research centres: information on everything from Sociology to weather reports but discussion list supported by the MannheitTrc;e ropean l1tre-for=Eu there is also lots of information on the MAILBASE service at Newcastle Social-Re:search Internet and how to use it. A few University, United Kingdom. It has http://www.sowi.uni­ good places to look up include, com.e to the ESA'snotice that many mannheim.de/mzes-engll "EFF's (Extended) Guide to the of its members are notfamiliar with e­ Homepage.html Internet" at http://www.eft.erg/ mail and are not clear what a ERCOMER (European research papers/eegllileeg_toc.hlmll and the discussion list is or how It can be of Centre on

European Sociologist Number 3 page 22 members or reply directly just to the European Sociological Policy Assessment of Trans­ person who put a message on the Association Pages on the European Networks list. You can make reports, minutes WorldWideWeb of meetings and documents available The second major success of the for list members to retrieve by As well as its e-mail facility, the ESA ICCR in 1995 was in the field of electronic mail. It is free at the point also maintains pages on the strategic transport research under of use to those in the higher WorldWideWeb, the IVth Framework Programme. As education community. leader of a European interdisciplinary Their erury-lsvel address is: http:// consortium comprising eleven At present, the ESA maintains one www.qub.ac.uk/socsci/miller/ partners, the ICCR was succesful in single large list, called european­ esaintro.html its bid for policy assessment research sociologist. It can be thought of as concerning the trans-European an electronic "bulletin board", where networks and the common European any message "posted" on the transport policy. The project, EURO· bulleting board will reach some TENASSESS, which is expected to hundreds of sociologists scattered The be launched in late 1995 following across Europe and further afield. As the completion of negotiations with Research Networks and groups are Interdisciplinary the European Union, will focus on the set up under the aegis of the ESA, multiple interfaces between modes of we plan to create "sub-lists" that will Centre for transport, levels of policy and EU be directed at smaller groups of ESA goals; that is to say it will concentrate members who share a common, Comparative on the complex interrelations specialized interest. These sub-lists between communication corridors for would be smaller and more focussed; Research in the passenger travel and freight transport it is within them that true discussion by air"raiL.road and water as they could take place. One possibility is Social Sciences relate to policy formation at the key that sub-lists specific to languages organizational and institutional levels, other than English may be set up, (lCCR) ranging from the EU, the nation states, regiof)s, and tocat government As one can see the advantages of The European Challenge to industry atthe local and discussion lists are their immediacy transnational level and the global (material put on the list circulates The entry of Austria in the European market. It will specifically provide a without delay) and, paradoxically, its Union represents a major challenge preliminary policy assessment permanence (the material is text, so for Austrian research institutions. methodology for the trans-European it can be saved or printed and read at Building on the tradition it has networks (TEN) taking into account one's leisure). Communication that established in the past several years, the complexity of the regulatory, is not constrained by limits of the ICCR has during 1995 sought to financial and economic frameworks geography, time or cost is possible. take full advantage of the research of transport policies; and with the programmes launched under the IVth To receive a guide to Mailbase and help of an integrated research Framework Programme of the about joining discussion lists, send methodology combining modeling, European Union and of other the following command in an e-mail case corridor and other studies message to activities running under EU auspices. relevant to TEN, expert interviews and .the simulation 01 policy Recently acquired projects: [email protected] discussions via Delphi, assess the European Household Panel send mailbase user-guide potential for developing compatibility SurveyThe launching of the among national transport policies European Household Panel Survey in with the aim of consolidating a If you wish to join the discussion list Austria (Project AS·SOCIAL3), common transport policy (CTP) and of the European Sociological Following the completion of a developing guidelines for regional Association, send the following feasibility study in 1993 and of a pilot transport policies as well as for command to survey in 1994/1995, the ICCR was examining and assessing the local recently commissioned by [email protected] barriers to CTP and the incorporation EUROSTAT and the Austrian join european-sociologist of science and research results to Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs firstname(s) laslname policy and decision-making to coordinate and scientifically processes. The project is expected That is, ... the word "join", a supervise together with the Austrian to bring an improved consideration of space, "european-sociologist" all Statistical Office the implementation time operationalized in terms of as one word, a space, your of the first wave of the full-scale policy goals, 01 environmental and survey in 1995 comprising 4,000 firstname or firstnames typed as a social indicators and a more single word using hyphens, a space, households. The survey, which is sophisticated understanding of policy part of a European-wide project, will your lastname typed as a single and decision-making behaviour. word. For instance, let's say Baron look into the income and liVing Hugo Augustus von Trapp wishes to conditions of Austrian households Other bids to the IVth join the discussion list and he wants and is expected to provide major Framework Programme to retain his title and be placed under policy-relevant findings. The the "V's" in alphabetical order. He fieldwork for the first wave of the The ICCR is also consortium leader would send: survey is expected to be finished of a project submitted to the "Human join suropean-soclotcqtst baron­ towards the end of the year; the data Dimensions of the Environment" will become available towards the hugo-auguslus von-trapp research programme of the IVth middle of 1996, Framework Programme for the

European Sociologist Number 3 page 23 Environment. The project, TRS­ orientation of the ICCR is reflected in coordinate the implementation of a INTAGREE, proposes to deal with the currently running projects at the full-scale household panel survey in the notion of sustainabllity from a institute. These include the following: Austria. The survey will cover a critical perspective, seeking to representative sample of 4,000 identify how to best manage the households (approximately g,OOO Research Programme EURO process of transition and policy individuals) and will inquire in their development and to put this "European income and living conditions as well knowledge into practice by Developments"lntegration Measures as employment, health and social developing regional guidelines for for Persons in Need of International relations. sustainable development for specific Protection (EURO-PROTECT) National Report on Homelessness European regions. In Spring 1995 the ICCR was (AS-HOME)This project is a study of the situation of the homeless Another seven research bids commissioned by the UNHCR in Geneva to carry out a study on the population in Austria. In this year's The leCR is also partner to another integration measures for persons in national report specific attention is seven research bids made under the need of international protection in paid to the risk population regarding IVth Framework Programme of the Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia homelessness. It will include European Union: and Poland. The project which bears information on background socio­ The main objective of the EUNET the short title EURO-PROTECT economic trends as they affect proposal (led by our British partner seeks to analyze and evaluate the people who have no access to Marcial Echenique) is to develop a legal framework of integration in all adequate housing and those at risk of methodology for assessing the four countries and the role of non­ losing their dwelling. The legal impacts of transport initiatives. governmental organizations, framework will include a description In the field of environmental including the UNHCR, and with of legal instruments regulating the research. the leGR is partner to a bid reference especially to recognized rental sector, a description of made by Prof. Michael Redclift of the refugees and war refugees from instruments oi protection 6ftenants Wye College of the University of former Yugoslavia. The project is and a description of instruments London on the comparative study of expected to be finalized in designed to protect and assist people socio-envlronmental research September 1995 and is likely to be threatened by eviction. agendas (NEW NETWORKS AND extended to cover other East An Exploration into theM"eaning of NEW AGENDAS) as well as to a European countries. Difference at the Subjective Level: proposal of the University of Tilburg the Experience of Ethnic Identity of (ENPONET) on the role of Position Paper on the PHARE Migrant Women (AS-FEMMIG) actcrization in contemporary Programme (EURO-COOP)This The proposed project sets it as its environmental policy-making. project is an evaluation study of the task to investigate how Turkish and Finally, in the newly-launched PHARE programme of the European Yugoslav migrant women of the first "Targeted Socio-Economic Union which targets East European and second generation experience Research" (TSER) Programme, the countries with particular attention to their ethnic identity in relation to their ICCR is partner to three research science and technology policy. The gender identity and vice-versa. projects and one thematic network project has been commissioned by Women of the second or 'younger' application. the Austrian Ministry of Economic generation will be selected on the Affairs and is aimed to assist the basis of three criteria: (a) education, PANEL proposes to The proposal Ministry in the formulation of its (b) intermarriage and (c) participation advance research into and position vis-a-vis PHARE. in migrant or intermediate social and comparability of household panel political associations. This set of survey data and is led by the The City in the European Context interviews will be supplanted with University of Essex; (EURO-LEADERS) Building on the results of the project interviews of migrant women of the The proposal MPEMEC deals with EURO-CEC on "the Role of Cities in first generation, where possible from the social and political integration of Central Europe in the Process of the same family and with interviews migrant communities in European Reconstruction" which was with a control group of migrant men. cities and is led by Prof. John Rex of completed by the ICCR in 1993, this The study is expected to contribute to the University of Warwick; project aims to investigate the an understanding of the relation between gender and ethnicity, the The proposal EUROHOME which is development of capital cities in central Europe towards sustainability systematic elaboration of the factor coordinated by the Federation of 'difference' in both the multiculturalist National Organizations Working with and the role of important relevant actors in this process. The project is and feminist discourse and, within Homeless (FEANTSA) proposes to this context, the delineation of study in more depth the service expected to form part of the MOST project on sustainable cities which processes of social inclusion and providers for homeless persons and group will be launched later this year. exclusion at the subjective across Europe. level. The proposal SEDEC, organized and Research Programme AS "Applied coordinated by Prof. Maurice Roche Social Policy at the Local Level" Research Programme TRS of the University of Sheffield, is Implementation of European 'Technology, Research and concerned with European citizenship Household Panel Survey in Austria SocietyCitizenship Information and Technology Policy in the Context of and its related social policy aspects. (AS-SOCIAL3) The above proposals are presently Austria's Entry in the European under evaluation; a decision is Following the completion of a pilot Union (TRS-INFOTECH)The project forthcoming in the Fall. survey the leCR was commissioned TRS-INFOTECH granted by the Ongoing and planned projects by Eurostat and the Austrian Ministry Jubillee Fund of the Austrian National The international and interdisciplinary of Social and Labour Affairs to Bank looks at the role of citizenship

European Sociologist Number 3 page 24 information for the development of postgraduate training for the and central Europe, with two fee­ information policies in present-day realisation of a open society in waiver scholarships available to Austria and in the framework of the eastern Europe, was initiated by the students from western countries on a recent entry of Austria in the Soros Foundation in 1990. The competitive basis. Applicants for European Union. Through a post hoc Board of the CEU includes famous postgraduate training at the CEU evaluation of the information personages, among them the must possess a university first campaign that preceded the Austrian President of the RockerfeUer degree comparable to a BA or MA in referendum about entry into the Foundation. The financial base of sociology (or related discipline) or be European Union, it examines both the University is maintained through in their final year of such a first the demand and supply of citizen a ten million dollars annual financial degree course from a recognised information regarding the European safeguard committed by G. Soros for institution of higher education. Union and the role of new the next twenty years. Candidates must also have a technologies in this field. certificate of proficiency in the The CEU has established faculties in English language. Brain-Drain - The Emigration of three East European capital cities: Scientists from Relevant Parts of NIS since 1991 in Prague; since 1992 in In 1994 312 research projects were (TRS-BRAINDRAIN) BUdapest; and from 1995 in Warsaw. supported by the Soros Foundation: This project, commissioned by (The estabiishment of a facuity of the Art 33 INTAS, aims to gain an CEU in Moscow is also planned.) Demography and understanding of the phenomenon of The CEU had its central Human Ecology 19 brain drain and its implications for the headquarters initially in Prague. Economics 26 process of reconstruction in the Since then, the centre has been European Studies 11 republics of the former Soviet-Union. passed to BUdapest. A new building History 48 Four republics will be investigated: for the CEU will be completed Law 7 Russia; the Ukraine; Belarus; and presently in the city centre there. Linguistics 24 Kazakhstan. While the project The CEU had 450 students Literature '29 places an emphasis on the altogether in the 1993/94 academic Philosophy 32 emigration of scientists from these year; currently 250 students from 34 Political Science 23 republics it seeks to position this countries have matriculated at the Psychology 7 particular phenomenon in the more Budapest faculty. The Master's Sociology 53 general context of labour­ degree (MD) will be awarded for the restructuring processes with a view of first time this year in Budapest. In the The University arranged the following examining the changing role of 1995/96 academic year, the Prague activities during June-August 1995: science and research in these faculty is offering History and 3rd Annual Confe-rence on the topic societies. Insofar as studies on the Philosophy of Art and Architecture as "The individual vs. the State ­ subject are as yet scarce, the project well as International (European) Political Representation: Parties and will aim to elaborate tools that may Studies. The Budapest faculty offers Parliamentary democracy" be used for studying this and related Economics, Ecology and phenomena over longer periods of Environmental Policy, History and Organiser: Prof. Andras SajD (CEU) ­ time. Medieval Studies. The sociological BUdapest; training run until 1995 in Prague has been transferred from September "German Society and Politics in the 1995 to the Warsaw faculty in European Context", based upon the collaboration with the Institute for research project of Prof. J. Musil Philosophy and Sociology of the (CEU) and Prof. Em. Zdenka Suda Polish Academy of Sciences. All (Univ. of Pittsburg) - Prague; three institutions are located in the Prague Summer School in Staszica Palace in the heart of old Comparative Social Research, 3117­ Warsaw, two hundred meters from 25/8/1995 the University of Warsaw, giving students access to several libraries in The new training concept for the the immediate vicinity which together Sociology subject area emerged from represent the largest collection of a curriculum conference held in sociological works in English and October 1994 in Warsaw. Edmund other languages in the region. The Mokrzycki is the new Director of the presence of an international faculty faculty in Warsaw since September recruited from central Europe, the 1995 and considers the sociological European Union and the United programme as a continuation of that States, and including leading which has been on offer in Prague up researchers of the study of the to now, only in an extended form. The Central European University's transformation from communism, The core of the programme is lecture Department of Sociology has moved presents a unique opportunity for the courses on the theme "Theories of to Warsaw to offer from Autumn 1995 study of these changes at first hand Transformation", that began with a an expanded version of the and for the exploration of the special seminar directed by E. Mokrzycki and programme previously taught in intellectual traditions of central the Director of the Institute for Prague and accredited by the Europe in a wider international Philosophy and Sociology, A. University of Lancaster. context. Rychard. The following foundation courses will be offered in the 1995/96 The Central European University Up to 45 full scholarships are academic year: (CEU), a private institution for available to students from eastern

European Sociologist Number 3 page 25 Social Theory and Philosophy of Social Science; The "EURODATA The fourth ISA Research Methods and Applied Social Research; Research International the Comparative Sociology of Social Transformation; Archive" of the Social Science Political Sociology; Social Policy and the Sociology of "Mannheim Methodology Social Problems. Centre for Conference Additional speakers will be: C. Offe (Univ. of Bremen); J. Sachs July 1-5 1996 (Harvard); S. Lukes (EUI, Florence); European Social J. Kis (CEU); A. Stepan (CEU Research" University of Essex Rector) etc. United Kingdom

It is intended also to arrange EURODATA Newsletter The Second Call for Papers for seminars on Nationalism (E. Gellner· The "EURODATA Research Archive" ESSEX '96 is now available. The Centre for the Study of Nationalism), of the "Mannheim Centre for Conference is designed to provide a Bourgeois Society (J. Goldfarb - New European Social Research" (MZES) forum for discussing current research School for Social Research) and presents a new publication. on methodological issues in the Postmodernism (Z. Bauman ­ "EURODATA Newsletter", which will social sciences. University of Leeds). appear twice a year and contain Abstracts are invited on a wide range information for social scientists of rnethoooloqlcal Issues, to reach The following training programme in working in the field of (empirical) the orqanlsers by 20 January 1996. the subject of Sociology is planned comparative European research. for the 1995/96 academic year: Institutions and libraries which want 1st Trimester: Introduction to to subscribe, please write to: FuJI information on ESJ?.ex '96 is Research, Computer Technology, available from the Conference University of Mannheim Statistics, Theory of Society, Organisers on: MZES-Eurodata Theories 01Nationalism; e-mail: [email protected] 0-68131 Mannheim tel: +44 1206 872645 2nd Trimester: Social Divisions Germany Fax: +4412068.73151 (Obligatory), Quantitative Methods, Fax: +490621 2928435 or on the WorldWideWeb, together Qualitative Methods, Current e-mail: [email protected]­ with Registration Forms, at: Sociological Theories, Political mannheim.de http://www.esses.ac.uk/essex96 Anthropology. Political Transformation in East & Middle­ The EURODATA newsletter will be Europe (faculty); free of charge. Due to limited 3rd Trimester: New Qualitative resources we cannot mail the Methods, Independent work on Newsletter to individuals. They are research themes by students. referred to the electronic version, available on the WorldWideWeb: International http://www.sowi.uni. Conference on mannheim.de/eurodata/ Contact address: for the newsletter.html SocioJogysLJbjectare:a: Professions in Our Webserver also gives access to c/o Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii our library (incl. Statistics) and Comparative Polskiej Akademii Nauk contains a lot more information. ul. Nowy Swiat 72. Perspective 00-330 Warsaw Poland Background information Ofiati Institute for Budapest College Mannheim Centre for European Rector; Alfred Stepan Social Research (MZES) the Sociology of Huevoesvoelgyi ut 54 1021 Budapest The MZES is an institute for basic law, HUNGARY research in the social sciences. It tel: (00361) 176-3329 combines comparative research on Gipuzkoa, Spain Fax; (00361) 176-3574 European societies and polities with research on European integration. For more information, please look at 24-26 April 1996 the WWW pages: http://www.sowi.uni-mannheim.de The next biannual International Sociological Association Conference or E-mail to: on Professions in Comparative [email protected] Perspective is entitled . mannheim.de "Deconstructing Professions:

European Sociologist Number 3 page 26 Professional identity and professional and intellectual movements. People order in comparative perspective". Thomas Lange in many countries and with different The organising committee for the ILM 'Conference· Organiser backgrounds have worked their way conference is as follows: Vittorio The Robsrt Gordon University to the crossroads independently. Olgiati (Chair); Louis Orzsck; Schoolof Pubho Administration They have made contacts, Genevieve Paicheler; Magali Sarfatti­ and-Law exchanged views and gained Larson; and Mike Sake. There is 352 King Street inspiration from each other in currently a call for papers for this Aberdeen AB9 2TQ pursuing their goals. conference which will be organised United Kingdom around a number of sub-themes. Fax; (44+) 1224262929 The vitality of cultural studies E"mail: [email protected] depends on a continuous traffic through this crossroads. Therefore Forms for thesubrnission.ofpaper the conference organizers invite proposals,andfurther information, Please, indicate your accommodation people with different geographical, are avalleble cn request trorn: preferences (if required): disciplinary and theoretical backgrounds together to share their Serena Barkham-Huxley Category 1 (up to Stg£40) ideas. We encourage international Head ofthe, International Relations Category 2 (up to Stg£80) participation from a wide range of and MeetlngsOepartment Category 3 (up to Stg£100) research areas. International:lnstitutefor·the Category 4 (Stg£100 pius) Sociology 01Low The conference is organized by the Apdo Call for Papers Department of Sociology and Social 28"2056000ati Psychology, University of Tampere, If you would like to present a paper at and Network Cultural-Studies. The Gipuzkoa the conference, please send an Spain organizing committee represents abstract not exceeding 500 words to several universities andcisclplines. tel: +34437830641783400 the conference organiser at the Fax; +3443783147 above address. The deadline for Speaker will include: e-mail: [email protected] abstracts will be Friday, 1 March len Ang; Pasi Falk: Paul Giiroy; 1996. Full papers will be required by Jostein Gripsrud; Jaber F. Gubrium; Friday, 3 May 1996. Papers should Lawrence Grossberg; Eeva Jokinen; fall broadly into one of the following Sonia Livingstone; Anssi Perakyla; categories: Kim Schroder: Selle Veijola Unemployment Unemployment and Public Policy (session A) Call for papers and coordinators Conference Labour Market Policy Evaluations As you will see below, many people (session B) have already volunteered to organize Announcement Unemployment and Wage Policies sessions on a wide variety of topics, (session C) but there is still the opportunity to add The International Labour Markets Cross-country Comparisons to the list. So please complete the Research Network (ILM) in (session D) preliminary abstract form if you would association with the School of Public Institutional Barriers To like to give a paper or offer to Administration and Law, the Robert Employment (session E) organize a session. There will also Gordon University, Aberdeen be a book exhibition, and publishers announces its first international Please indicate for which session are requested to contact the conference, to be held on 17-18 June your paper is intended. organizers. 1996 in Aberdeen/Scotiand. The The second announcement and focus of this two-day event will be on invitation programme, including more unemployment, both from a information about the conference, its theoretical and empirical perspective. side-events, and a registration form By exploring the issues of who is CROSSROADS will be available in September 1995. unemployed, the needs of At this stage we assume that the unemployed individuals, barriers to IN CULTURAL conference fee, including lunch and employment and appropriate policy coffee, will be about 1000 FIM ($210) remedies, this conference will help STUDIES and hotel accommodation double stimulate thinking around the $70 and single $60 (with breakfast complexity of joblessness and bring An International Conference included). together academics, practitioners July 1A, 1996, and policy-makers. The Conference will be held in Tampere, Finland Tampere Hall- the largest congress The conference fee is Stg£95 and concert centre in Scandinavia ­ (Stg£80 for research students and First Announcement and Call opposite to the University of ILM members), inciuding the for Papers Tampere. Tampere Hall is within conference proceddings, light easy walking distance from the refreshments and dinner (Monday centre of the city and its many only). Early registration is Cultural studies is not a one-way services. The unique architecture recommended as places are limited. street between the centre and clearly reflects the activities for which Provisional expressions of interest in peripheries. Rather, it is a the building was built: conferences; participating at the conference should crossroads, a meeting point in exhibitions; concerts; and ballet. be sent to: between different centres, disciplines

European Sociologist Number 3 page 27 scholars and Enlightenment thinkers List of Sessions: or if the command above fails, to present-day postmodern critics of Anthropology and Cultural Studies: connect your gopher to address: critical discourse itself. The Influences and Differences vuokko.utafi 70 conference will focus on European Body in Society and follow the path starting by: Identity at the Millennium against this Cultural Studies and Space "16.lnformation in English!" Cultural Encounters in Mediterranean background of memory, history and Cultural Approaches to Education critique. Diaries and Everyday Life Scholars from 41 countries are Encountering with Otherness in organising more than 200 workshops Cultural Border-Crossinqs Memory, History within the framework of the central Ethnography and Reception: theme. Because of the great number Dilemmas in Qualitative Audience and Critique: of relatively small workshops, there Studies will be ample opportunity tor Feminist and Cultural Approaches to European Identity discussion and exchange of ideas. Tourism The official language of the History and Theory of Cultural at the Millennium conference will be English. Studies The workshops will be clustered into (Inter)Net Cultures and New From 19 to 24 August 1996 the fifth five sections: Information Technology conference of the International Life Stories in European Comparative Society for the Study of European I. History, Geography, Science Perspective Ideas (ISSEI), 'Memory, History and II. Economics, Politics. Law Media Culture in the Everyday Life of Critique: European Identity at the Ill. Education, women's Studies, Children and Youth Millennium', will take place at the Sociology New Genders: The Decay of University for Humanist Studies in Heterosexuality Utrecht, the Netherlands. Chairs of IV. Art; Literature. Religion, Culture Post-Socialism and Cultural the conference are Professor Ezra V. Language, Philosophy, Reorganization Talmor (ISSEi and Haifa University) Psychology Risk and Culture and Professor Harry Kunneman Social Theory and Semiotics (University for Humanist Studies). Scholars wishing to present a paper Study of Institutional Discourse in one of the workshops, should send The conference will be held in the old The Culture of Cities a one-page abstract and a short inner city of Utrecht, situated in the The Narrative Construction of Ufe curriculum vitae to the Chair of the heart of the Netherlands. The Stories workshop in which they wish to academic origins of this beautiful Voluntary Associations as Cultures participate as well as to the Youth Culture town, with its interwoven rich past conference secretariat before 1 and dynamic present, lie deep in the January 1996. Middle Ages. As the fourth largest For a registration: for 111,· apply.to: city in the Netherlands, Utrecht has a CrossrcadsInOulturalStudies, colourful student culture and For more information please: Unlversltyof.Tampere, numerous attractive aspects tor the Depanment of Sociology and visitor from abroad, particularly 1. subscribe to the mailing list SocialPsychology, during the summer months. ISSEi-L by sending a P.O. Box 607, FIN-33101, The theme of the conference is both "SUBSCRIBE ISSEI·L" Tampere, Finland; broad and specific. Broad in the command in the body of a mail tel: +35831 2156949, +358 31 sense that the complex web of ideas, message to 3681848; values, narratives, cultural and social [email protected] Fax: +35831 2156080 frameworks and economic realities (or [email protected]) e-mail:[email protected]. connected with 'European Identity', and obtain general information on has a significance that extends far NOTE: This document is also mad' the conference by sending a available in gopher and WWW beyond the geographical boundaries "GET ISSEI-L INFO" command (WorldWide Web) -systems. You of Europe. The theme of the in the body of a mail message to can always find the updated conference is also specific, however, versiorffromjhe.'f9-llowing situated as it is at a precise point in [email protected] addresses: time: on the brink of the second (or millennium. This point in time implies [email protected]), * with,W,WVV·broY.'S.Elr«forexarnpf~ a specific localisation in history and a receive a list of the available Lynx, Mosaic, NetScape) use the unique body of memories, not only archive files (the tllelistls following URL: with regard to all the palntul recent includinq files with up to date·: gopher:/Jvuokko.uta.fi:70/00/ and not so recent events but also to information on, for example, YliopistofTiedekunnatlyhltdkl the cultural traditions and social workshops and registration) by s()sio_sQsiopsYk/cUlturel developments that continue to inspire sending an call.for.papers hope and provide future-oriented • with GOPHER, execute the energy. Not the least important of "INDEXISSEI-L" command in .. ·fOllowin,g:¢c:H:"'fh·a'l1d': these is the European tradition of the body of a mail messaqe.tc gopher -pllinformationJn_english/ critical, reflexive discourse. A [email protected] university/Departments/ tradition that continues through (or sosio ...:::s.o!;iopsyJ

European Sociologist Number 3 page 28 Papers will be welcomed on issues Submitting Material to as varied as nation building in the 2. Contact: post-colonial world, the changing European Sociologist international division of labour and The ISSEI·Conference labour process, bandwidth and The next number of the newsletter of the Secretariat European Sociological Association is Uhiversjty:f?rHum~ni~t§tudies communication. conflicts in east and central Europe and the territories of planned for Spring 1996. If you have ATTN:M.s:LenetteyanBuren, material which you would like to see the former Soviet Union, changing M.Sc. included, please send it to the editor as Ireland, and the possible P.O. Box 797 soon as possible, by the end of March at disintegration of the UK and other 3500 AT Utreoht the latest. All types of material of nation states. The Netherlands relevance to sociologists working on or in Europe will be considered - articles, "think tel: +31 30 2390142 Potential Streams include: pieces", comments or letters to the editor, Fax: +31 302390170 The global political economy; politioal announcements of research initiatives, e-mail: [email protected] and other social movements; the conferences or seminars etc, environment; communication; We hope to work as much as possible diasporas; ethnic conflicts; global and directly from electronic media, so please national welfare policies; racialised send textual material on a disk or via e­ identities; nationalist ideologies; mail. (The wordprocessing package used religion is WORD for WINDOWS with WORDPERFECT as a second choice, but The orqanlzers expect gender issues conversions are possible. It would be British to permeate all streams and will safest to send text in at least three welcome papers with such a focus. versions: a wordprocessor file; a "rich text" Sociological Other suggestions will be welcomed. ASCI) file; and a paper text.) As weI! as proposals for formal Subject'to sp~6~, the newsletter will take Association papers, we should also be interested advertisements, with a fee being charged in proposals for.a variety of other only for commercial advertisements. The Annual forms of presentation, such as current fees for commercial workshops, displays, round tables, advertisements, placed by'"publishers, Conference electronic conference etc. There will software producers etc are as follows: be an Open stream for papers not One page loose insert (2 sides) £130 addressing the Conference themes Full page: (260mm x 185mm) £100 Conference Announcement as well as all the other events and Half page: (130mm x 185mm) £60 British Sociological Association meetings associated with the BSA Third of a page: (130mm x 123mm) £45 Conference, Sixth of a page: (130mm x 63mm) £30 Annual Conference (prices are in pounds Sterling).

1st-4th April 1996 As we are a new association with limited resources, please Include payment wah Worlds of the Future: Ethnicity, To register, please contact: the advertisement. Cheques, preferably in Nationalism and Globalization The ·Conference: Officer, pounds sterling or Danish kroner or US The University of Reading 1996BSA ccnterence. dollar equivalent should be made out to Department ofEducation Studies, The European Sociological Association. WE can accept camera-ready copy or, TheUniversity ofReading, using desktop publishing technology, The conference provides the Bulmershe Court, Reading RG6 rework your copy in a format which opportunity to explore the inter­ 1HY matches that of the bulletin, The ESA related structures and processes of UNITED KINGDOM would consider offering a reduced rate for ethnicity, nationalism and tel: +44 1734875123 extension a series of advertisements stretching over several numbers. globalization. The reassertion of 4873 ethnic identities is constantly in a Fax: +441734352080 Material for European Sociologist process of contesting taken for e.mail:[email protected] should go to: granted notions of globalized Robert Miller, Editor cultures. The continued salience and European Sociologist power of nationalism has confounded Conference Organising Committee: Department of Sociology & Social Policy many aspects and hopes of the Kevin J. Brehony, Department of The Queen's University of Belfast Belfast 8T7 1NN, project of modernity. Globalization Education Studies and Management, Northern Ireland problematizes that which sociology University of Reading, Dulmershe telephone: 44-1232-245133 has formerly taken as given, the Court. Reading RG8 1HY, United extension 3715 or 3716 nation state and social formations. Kingdom; FAX 44-1232-320668 The theme therefore offers the Avtar Brah, Centre for Extra-Mural e-mail: (onJANET)r.miller@queens­ opportunity to contribute to debates Studies, Birkbeck College, University belfast.ac.uk in these contested areas. The of London; The ESA intends European Sociologist to streams are intended to encourage Mairtin Mac An Ghaill, School of be a bulletin for the dissemination of reflection upon current theorising and Education, The University of information to the widest possible empirical research, at local and Birmingham; audience. We encourage the duplication global levels. The organisers expect Mary Hickman, Irish Studies Centre, of material appearing in the bulletin for papers to explore the social relations University of North London; wider circulation through the newsletters of national associations, department or of nationalism, ethnicity and racism Naz Rassool, Department of university newsletters etc. and their the inter-relatedness with Education Studies and Management, social class, gender and sexuality. University of Reading,

European Sociologist Number 3 page29 Marx, Durkheirn, Weber .The Time of the Tribes Formations of Modern Social Thought The Decline of Individualism in Mass Ken Morrison Wilfred Laurier University, Society Waterloo, Ontario Michel Maffesoli Universite Rene Descartes, Every undergraduate course in sociology focuses on Marx, Paris V Durkheim and Weber, yet students often findtheir firstcontact with these writers to be a difficultexperience: the language of Translated by Don Smith with a foreword by these theorists can be complicated and forbidding. Rob Shields Lancaster University KenMorrison provides a lucid and reliableguide to their key How issociallifelivedtoday?What social relationsand ideas, notonly explaining theirmeaning but also locating them in responsibilities do we recognize? In this exciting bookMichel their philosophicaland historical context. The student therefore Maffesoli argues thattheconventional approaches to gains an immediateunderstanding ofboththe roots and understanding solidarity and societyare deeply flawed. He contemporary relevance of the concepts and howtheyrelate to contends that massculture has disintegratedand that today social the classical tradition. existence isconducted through fragmented tribal groupings - in short we live inthetime of the tribes. The book also includes a helpfulalphabetical conceptglossary. This isorganized in three sections andcontains over150 entries on the These tribes areorganized aroundthe catchwords, brand-names most difficulttermsused byeachwriter, eachoneoutlining bothits andsound-bitesof consumer culture:Yet Maffesoli. insists thatin historical origin and itsvarious meanings. the midst of fashion fads new forms of social collectivity aretaking root which challengeour established models of politicsand November 1995 • 384 pages Cloth (0-8039-7562-7) • £37.50 tradition. The bookprovides a rich backcloth againstwhich to Paper (0-8039-7563-5) • £12.95 consider the rise of 'identitypolitics' and the 'proliferation of lifestyle cultures'. Thisedition includesa foreword by Rob Shields whichplaces thebookinthe appropriate intellectual contextand provides aguideto Maffesoli's keyarguments. Understanding Classical Published inassociationwithTheory, Culture& Society November 1995 • 192 pages. . ~ Sociology Cloth (0-8039-8473-1) • £37.50 ~ Marx, Weber, Durkheim Paper (0-8039-8474-X) • £13.95 john A Hughes Lancaster University, Peter j Martin and WW Sharrock for Weber both University of Manchester A lucidexamination of the pivotal theories ofMarx, Weber and Essays on the Sociology of Fate Durkheim,this accessible textdemonstrates the continuing Second Edition relevance of these three figures to contemporary sociology. The authors show howthe classical apparatus isstill in use, eventhough Bryan S Turner Deakin University it isbeingdirectedin new ways in response to the changing ForWeber isrecognized widely asone of the most incisive and character of society. stimulating books on Weber in thepost-warperiod. Writingin Writingwith the needs of the undergraduate student in mind,the defenceof Weber'ssociology against the criticism ofacademic authors emphasize the continuities in modernsociological sociology by Marxists such asLouis Althusser, Bryan Turner, a thought, and argue that many of the ideas of postmodern thinkers leading Weberianscholar, rejects the view thatWeber'ssociology were anticipated by classical theorists. The introduction outlines isbourgeois, subjectivist and individualistic. the main elements of the sociological tradition and highlights its ThisSecond Edition, available in paperback forthe firsttime, roots in the Enlightenment.The chapters that followgivedetailed, includes a new Preface which reviews the scholarship on Weber sharply focused accounts of the mainideas ofMarx, Weber and since 1981. Amongthesubjects it covers are: the fall of Durkheim,connecting them with morerecent sociological Communism; the demise of Marxist theory, andthe rise of theories and approaches. postmodernism. The authorexamines a majorthemein Weber's May1995 • 240 pages historical sociology, namelythe unintended consequences (fate) of Cloth (0-8039-8635-1) • £37.50 social action. Thetheme of the fatefulness of capitalist civilization Paper (0-8039-8636-X) • £11.95 isderived fromNietzsche's critical enquiryintotheconditionof modernsociety. Turner illustrates this theme inchapters on religion, medicine, law, feudalism, the familyandthe capitalist economy.The book also providesa surveyof the strengthsand weaknesses of the majorsociological approaches in the post-war period. Published inassociationwithTheory, Culture& Society December 1995 • 448 pages ~ Cloth (0-8039-7633-X) • £40.00 • SAGE Publications Ltd Paper (0-8039-7634-8) • £13.95 ~ 6Bonhill Street, LondonEC2A4PU, UK ($),.. TEL: 0171-3740645 FAX: 0171-3748741 .,

SEND TIllS FORM TO: EUROPEAN SOCIOLOGICAL AssOCIATION Monique van der Laan SISWO Plantage Muidergracht 4 NL-I018 TV Amsterdam The Netherlands

Yes, I would like to join the ESA. Enter my membership for the following term:

Individual Membership o 1 year I US$ 40 o 2 years I US$ 70

Student Discount o 1 year/US$10 o 2 years I US$ 15

Institutions o 1 year I US$ 100 o 2 years I US$ 170

For members from countries with non-eonvertible currencies (Central and Eastern Europe incl. Turkey)

Individual Membership o 1 year I US$ 10 o 2 years I US$ 15

Student Discount o 1 year I US$ 2 o 2 years I US$ 3

Institutions o 1 year I US$ 40 o 2 years I US$ 70

Name

Institution

Mailing Address

City

CountrylPosta! Code

Telephone Telefax E-mail European Sociologist IlIUDber 3page 31 Additional Information o Male o Female

Year of Birth

Academic Degree (Year, Awarding Institution and Scientific Discipline)

Present Position (Title. Department. Institution)

Main Areas of Interest

Yes I want to join the ESA-network on

Membership fee

Total to pay US$ ...... -

PAYMENT (in order of our preference) o credit card authorization o Visa 0 Mastercard

card number rn=:IJ rn=:IJ rn=:IJ rn=:IJ

expiry date / ..

Signature o enclosing a Eurocheque or money order payable to ESA. No personal cheques (except Euro) can be accepted. o transfer through (name of bank) . to ING Bank, Herengracht 580, 1000 AW Amsterdam, account number 66.15.27.298 payable to ESA and clearly stating the name of the personls) involved. o cash, enclosed in an envelope with a letter in which you clearly indicate your name Specially for small membership fee amounts from members from countries with non-convertible currencies.

ESA Secretariat Eurqlean Sociologist number 3 page.32