Rapid Infection Control Nursing Is an Essential Read for All Frontline Nursing Staff Working in Hospitals Or Community Settings

Infection Control Nursing The Rapids are a series of reference and revision pocket books that cover key facts in a simple and memorable way. Each book contains the common conditions that students and newly qualiﬁ ed nurses encounter on the wards, in the community, and on placements. Only the basic core relevant facts are provided to ensure that these books are perfect and concise ‘rapid refreshers’. To see all the titles in the series, go to: www.wiley.com/go/rapids Rapid Infection Control Nursing is an essential read for all frontline nursing staff working in hospitals or community settings. Designed for quick reference, it explores the essential principles of infection control before moving on to an A–Z of the most commonly found infections. Each entry covers how the infection is spread, duration of the infectious period, key infection-control precautions, staff considerations, visitor information, and patient transfer advice. Covering all the key topics in infection prevention and control, this concise and easy-to-read title is the perfect quick-reference book for the wards. Ross All content reviewed by students for students Wiley Blackwell Health Science books are designed exactly for their intended audience. All | of our books are developed in collaboration with students. This means that our books are Furrows Infection always published with you, the student, in mind. If you would like to be one of our student reviewers, go to www.reviewnursingbooks.com to ﬁ nd out more. Control Nursing www.wiley.com/go/nursing ISBN 978-1-1183-4246-6 Shona Ross 9 781118 342466 Sarah Furrows Rapid Infection Control Nursing Rapid Infection Control Nursing Shona Ross MPH, BSc, RN Clinical Nurse Specialist, Infection Prevention and Control Kingston Hospital Kingston Upon Thames UK and Sarah Furrows MBBS, MSc, MRCP, FRCPath Consultant Microbiologist and Infection Control Doctor Kingston Hospital Kingston Upon Thames UK This edition first published 2014 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030–5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the authors to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 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No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ross, Shona, author. Rapid infection control nursing / Shona Ross and Sarah Furrows. p. ; cm. – (Rapid series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-34246-6 (paper : alk. paper) I. Furrows, Sarah, author. II. Title. III. Series: Rapid series. [DNLM: 1. Cross Infection–nursing–Handbooks. 2. Cross Infection–prevention & control–Handbooks. 3. Infection Control–Handbooks. WY 49] RC112 362.1969–dc23 2013026511 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover image: ‘Washing hand with clean water’ © defun/iStock Cover design by Fortiori Design Set in 7.5/9.5pt Frutiger by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2014 v Contents Acknowledgements, ix Foreword by Professor Janice Stevens CBE, MA, RGN, x 1 Introduction, 1 2 The Essentials, 2 The chain of infection, 2 Standard principles of infection prevention and control, 4 Hand hygiene, 5 When and how to clean the hands, 5 Hand hygiene equipment, 6 Gloves, aprons, visors and masks – personal protective equipment (PPE), 8 General principles, 8 Gloves, 9 Aprons and gowns, 10 Masks, 10 Visors and goggles (eye protection), headwear and footwear, 12 Summary of when to use PPE, 12 Decontamination, 14 Definitions and application of processes, 14 Decontamination of healthcare equipment, 15 Decontamination of the healthcare environment, 17 Managing blood and body fluid spillages and splashes, 19 Isolation and cohorting, 22 Use of isolation facilities, 22 Isolation precautions, 23 Cohorting, 25 Isolation priority and duration, 25 Respiratory precautions, respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, 28 Preventing transmission of infection, 28 Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, 30 Enteric precautions, 31 Hand washing, 31 Disposal of items contaminated with vomit and faeces, 31 Soiled/contaminated clothing and bed linen, 31 Disinfection, 31 Other considerations, 32 Safe sharps practice, including sharps and splash injury management, 33 Safe sharps practice, 33 Sharps injury management, 34 Splash injury management, 34 Safe disposal of clinical waste, 35 Waste segregation and disposal, 35 Category A pathogens, 36 Cytotoxic/cytostatic drugs, 37 Cancer chemotherapy drugs, 38 Safe handling of linen and laundry, 40 Clean linen storage, 40 Used linen, 40 vi CONTENTS Infectious linen, 40 Storage of used linen, 40 Asepsis and aseptic non-touch technique, 41 Aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT), 41 Standard and surgical ANTT, 41 3 Wider Aspects, 42 Managing an outbreak of infection, 42 Definitions, 42 Patient management, 42 Communication, 44 Staff, visitors and others, 45 Isolation and screening of contacts, 46 Your health and wellbeing, 47 The Occupational Health and Wellbeing department, 47 The deceased, 48 Body bags, 48 Handling high-risk bodies on the ward, 48 Specimen collection and storage, 51 Audit, 52 The audit cycle, 52 Audit resources, 52 Department of Health, 52 The Infection Prevention Society (IPS), 53 Assistance dogs, ward pets and visiting animals, 55 Guide dogs, hearing dogs and assistance dogs, 55 Ward pets, 55 Visiting animals, 55 Notifiable diseases, 56 The healthcare environment, 57 Fixtures and fittings, 57 Control of substances hazardous to health (COSHH), 60 Hazard symbols, 60 Symbols used on medical devices, 61 Antibiotics, 63 Overview, prescribing, administration, side effects and toxicity, penicillin allergy and antibiotic stewardship, 63 Classification and resistance, 65 4 A-Z of Infections, 67 Acinetobacter, 67 Adenovirus, 69 Anthrax, 70 Campylobacter, 72 Cellulitis, 73 Chickenpox, 74 Cholera, 76 Clostridium difficile, 77 Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), 79 Cryptosporidiosis, 81 Cytomegalovirus (CMV), 82 Dengue fever, 83 CONTENTS vii Diarrhoea, 84 Diphtheria, 86 Escherichia coli, 87 Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers, 89 Fleas, 90 Giardia, 91 Glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis), 92 Glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE), 93 Group A streptococcus (GAS), 95 Group B streptococcus (GBS), 96 Group C and Group G streptococci, 97 Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), 98 Hand, foot and mouth disease, 99 Hepatitis A virus, 100 Hepatitis B virus, 101 Hepatitis C virus, 103 Hepatitis D virus, 105

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