Talnet Command Reference Appendix A

Appendix A

TALnet Command Reference

This appendix describes TALnet commands. TALnet commands allow you to configure or monitor your Wireless Router and manage sessions on the Wireless Router. In general, these commands are entries in the TALnet configuration file, talnet.cfg. To enter these commands (and some of their subcommands) you must have the proper level of authorization. See the description of the command or subcommand you want to use for more information about required authorization levels. See Chapter 3, “Configuring the TALnet Software,” for an example configuration file that is similar to the one that is preloaded on your Wireless Router. The TALnet software includes the commands listed in Table A-1. Some commands include rudimentary online help; enter the command and a question mark to learn the syntax.

Table A-1 TALnet Commands

abort hop process talk arp hostname pwd tcp cd icmp reboot telnet close iface rename time copy ip repeat tip delete key reset trace device kick rip udp dir loadgen rmdir uptime domain log route user echo logout session version exit memory snmp view ftp mkdir start who help ping stop

TALnet Command Reference A-1

ABORT

A.1 ABORT

NAME abort - Stops a ﬁle transfer within a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) session initiated from your Wireless Router.

SYNOPSIS abort [session-index]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION The abort command allows you to stop FTP file transfers without closing the FTP session. This command only applies to FTP sessions created using the TALnet ftp command. To use this command, you must switch from the FTP session to the main TALnet session by entering Ctrl-w. Identify the index number of the FTP session by entering the session command. Then, issue the abort command with the appropriate session-index argument. If you do not specify a session-index argument, the last active session will be used. If this session is not an FTP session, you receive an error message. When you issue the abort command, the active file transfer aborts and you return to the main TALnet prompt (defined by the hostname command). You can use Ctrl-w to switch back to the FTP session to perform other FTP tasks.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES In the following example, the session command displays current sessions. The FTP session is session 1. The abort 1 command cancels any active ﬁle transfers in the FTP session. TAL> session # S# Type Rcv-Q Snd-Q State Ed Ec Remote socket 0 133 Command 0 2 Established 1 1 Telnet CLI (2.3.3.4) *1 132 FTP 0 0 Established 1 1 ftp (2.3.3.4)

TAL> abort 1 TAL>

A-2 TALnet Configuration Guide

ABORT

DIAGNOSTICS Invalid session. The session you provided does not exist. Use the session command to obtain the correct session index. Not an active FTP session The session you speciﬁed was not an FTP session. No active transfer. No transfer activity is occurring in the FTP session you speciﬁed.

SEE ALSO rmdir, user

A-12 TALnet Configuration Guide DEVICE

A.7 DEVICE

NAME device - Conﬁgures hardware and link-layer parameters.

SYNOPSIS device config device-name [global-config...] device kill device-name device make device-type device-name make-config device show {device-name | all} [verbose]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION Use the device command to create, conﬁgure, and remove wire-based hardware interfaces. You must use the device make command to identify to the system which hardware interfaces are present, and how they should be used. Assign a symbolic name to each device with this command; you will use these names in other commands to reference hardware devices. The device command manipulates interfaces at the hardware level or link layer, whereas the iface command manipulates interfaces at the network protocol level.

OPTIONS config Use the device config command to configure various parameters for a named device. You can control all parameters in one device config command, or issue multiple commands for clarity. device config device-name [global-config...] Where: ¥ device-name—Is a string that is used as a symbolic name for the device; for example, ether0. ¥ global-config—Indicates globally configured parameters, as follows. You can include more than one global parameter.

TALnet Command Reference A-13 DEVICE

disable For all devices, the disable command turns the physical device off, preventing it from transmitting or receiving data. For the asynchronous serial devices (com devices), disable also turns off the data-terminal-ready (DTR) and request-to-send (RTS) RS-232 control signals. For the watchdog timer device, disable turns the watchdog software recovery feature off. down For most devices, the down command prevents the wireless router from transmitting or receiving data through this device. For the asynchronous serial devices (com devices) down also instructs the wireless router to stop using the device as an additional console port, which prevents users from logging in to the router, even if they have an account name and password. The down command is not applicable to the watchdog timer device. enable For all devices, the enable command turns the physical device on, making it ready to transmit or receive data. For the asynchronous serial devices (com devices) enable also turns on the data-terminal-ready (DTR) and request-to-send (RTS) RS-232 control signals, if those signals were enabled when the device was created. For the watchdog timer device, enable turns the watchdog software recovery feature on. up For most devices, the up command allows the wireless router to transmit or receive data through this device. For the asynchronous serial devices (com devices) up also instructs the Wireless Router to treat the device as an additional console port, allowing users to log in to the router with an account name and password.

The up command is not applicable to the watchdog timer device.

A-14 TALnet Configuration Guide DEVICE

speed bit-rate Sets the speed at which the device should run. This option is only applicable to com devices. trace trace-mode Sets up tracing on the device. This enables the logging of detailed information about packet transfers. The trace-mode argument can be one of the following: ¥ console—Specifies that tracing should start and that all trace output messages should be displayed on the console. ¥ stop—Specifies that tracing should stop. ¥ start—Specifies that tracing should start and that all trace output messages should be displayed where standard output is currently directed. This might be the console, or it might be a Telnet session. ¥ promiscuous—Specifies that tracing should enter a mode where every packet received by the device is displayed, whether it is addressed to this system or not. No routing of packets will occur. ¥ filename—Specifies that tracing should start and that all trace output messages should be written to the named file. trigger char Sets the debug/trace trigger character to char. cts Enables hardware flow control. This option is only applicable to com devices. dtroff Deactivates the dtr signal. This option is only applicable to com devices. dtron Activates the dtr signal. This option is only applicable to com devices. init "string" Sends the specified initialization string to an attached serial device such as a modem whenever the Wireless Router reboots. The argument string can be any command that is valid on the serial device, or one of the following special characters: ¥ \p—Pause for one second. ¥ \r—Send a carriage return. ¥ \\—Send a backslash. ¥ \"—Send a quotation mark. You must issue the init keyword before you enable a com device with the enable keyword. This option is only applicable to com devices.

TALnet Command Reference A-15 DEVICE

modem Indicates to the system that a modem is attached to this device. This option is only applicable to com devices. noflow Specifies that no flow control is to be used on this device. This option is only applicable to com devices. nomodem Indicates to the system that no modem is attached to this device. This option is only applicable to com devices. reset Resets the counters for the communications control board for the wireless interface. rtsoff Deactivates the rts signal. This option is only applicable to com devices. rtson Activates the rts signal. This option is only applicable to com devices. rxfifo bytes Sets the size of the transmit/receive buffer, in bytes. The default is 1024. You must disable the device before you modify this option. This option is only applicable to com devices. xon Specifies that software flow control is to be used on this device. This option is only applicable to com devices. kill Removes the named device from the system. The device must be marked as down before you can remove it. device kill device-name Where: ¥ device-name—Is a string that is used as a symbolic name for the device. make Adds a new device to the system. Use this command to assign a symbolic name to the device; the name will be used in other configuration commands. You can also perform some preliminary configuration of the device using this command. This release of the TALnet software supports two wire-based device types and one fault recovery device type; therefore, there are three forms of this command. make com To create a device that provides an asynchronous serial connection to a host or another router running the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), use the device make com command.

device make com device-name I/O-base IRQ [chain]

A-16 TALnet Configuration Guide DEVICE

Where: ¥ device-name—Is a string that is used as a symbolic name for the device. ¥ I/O-base—Is a number that tells the system how to address the com device. This number must match the jumper and switch settings on the device itself. ¥ IRQ—Is a number that tells the system on which interrupt request line to expect interrupts for the com device. This number must match the jumper and switch settings on the device itself. ¥ chain—Is an optional parameter; use it if interrupt/IRQ chaining is required. make packet To create a device that is generic or provides a connection that might vary, use the device make packet command. The software allows you to conﬁgure up to three packet devices; however, in this release of the TALnet software, only a Class 1 Ethernet packet device is supported. device make packet device-name software-interrupt-number Where: ¥ device-name—Is a string that is used as a symbolic name for the device. ¥ software-interrupt-number—Is a number that tells the software how to communicate with the packet device. It must match the software-interrupt-number used in the packet driver invocation found in the autoexec.bat boot script. make watchdog To create a device that provides a software failure recovery capability, use the device make watchdog command. This device starts a timer which will cause a reset if the TALnet software becomes unstable. Note that this timer needs to be refreshed by software at least four times per second. Therefore, if certain ﬁle operations are performed that take more than 250 milliseconds (ms), you should disable the watchdog timer prior to this operation. Only one device of type watchdog should be created. device make watchdog device-name [I/O-base] Where: ¥ device-name—Is a string that is used as a symbolic name for the device. ¥ I/O-base—Is a number that tells the system how to address the watchdog device. This number must be either 0x510 or 0x590, depending on whether jumper E13 is in or out of the motherboard. The default is 0x510.

TALnet Command Reference A-17 DEVICE

show Displays the configuration and some statistics of the specified devices. If you specify the all keyword instead of a particular device name, status on all configured devices will display. If you specify the verbose keyword, more detailed information and statistics will display. device show {device-name | all} [verbose]

EXAMPLES The following example creates and configures an asynchronous serial device for PPP connections. The first line creates the device, assigns a symbolic name of com2, tells the system to address the device using 0x2F8, and assigns an interrupt request line number of 3. The second line configures the device. The keywords cts and rtson enable outgoing and incoming hardware flow control, respectively. The keyword dtron activates the DTR flag, which tells the modem that the Wireless Router is ready to accept calls. The size of the transmit/receive buffer is set to 1024 bytes. The modem keyword indicates that a modem is attached to the device. The speed at which the device should run is set to 9600 baud. Finally, the keyword up allows the Wireless Router to transmit data through this device and instructs the Wireless Router to treat the device as an additional console port. The enable keyword turns the physical device on, making it ready to transmit or receive data, and turns on the data-terminal-ready (DTR) and request-to-send (RTS) RS-232 control signals. TAL> device make com com2 0x2F8 3 TAL> device config com2 cts rtson dtron rxfifo 1024 modem speed 9600 up enable

The following example configures an Ethernet Class 1 device (pkt0). The first line creates the device, assigns the symbolic name of pkt0, and specifies a software interrupt number of 0x65. The second line allows the Wireless Router to transmit data through this device (up), and turns the physical device on, making it ready to transmit or receive data (enable). TAL> device make packet pkt0 0x65 TAL> device config pkt0 up enable

The following example conﬁgures the watchdog timer that causes a reset if the TALnet software becomes unstable. The ﬁrst line creates the device and assigns the symbolic name wdt0. The second line turns the watchdog software recovery feature on. TAL> device make watchdog wdt0 TAL> device config wdt0 enable

The following example shows typical output on all conﬁgured devices on your Wireless Router: TAL> device show all Name Type Class Index Flags Owner Hardware Address pkt0 PACKET 0 C007 ether0 00:20:0C:10:22:FF radio0 SCC 0 C007 radio0 wd0 WATCHDOG 0 8000

A-18 TALnet Configuration Guide DEVICE

DIAGNOSTICS Usage: device conﬁg {

TALnet Command Reference A-19 DEVICE

Int hex number already in use. The Software Interrupt entered on a device make packet command is already in use by some other device. Too many packet drivers The maximum of three packet driver devices was exceeded by the invocation of a device make packet command. No packet driver loaded at int hex number After a device make packet command was entered, the system attempted to contact the packet driver at software interrupt hex number, but none was found. Unable to obtain driver info After a device make packet command was entered, the system attempted to obtain some basic information from the driver, but none was found. Unable to access driver After a device make packet command was entered, the system attempted to obtain some basic information from the driver, but none was found. Unable to get address for device name After a device make packet command was entered, the system attempted to obtain the link-layer address from the driver, but none was found. Warning! Device name has a multicast address: (multicast address) After a device make packet command was entered, the system attempted to obtain the link-layer address from the driver; it was found but it was in a multicast format. Usage: device show |all [verbose] Not enough arguments were entered to the device show command. Device name unknown The name in a device show command is not that of a device previously created with a device make command. Can’t set device (link) address for name An attempt was made to assign a link-layer address to a device that does not support link-layer address assignment. Unable to parse address link layer address A link-layer address was entered into the device config name address command, but the format of that address was incorrect. ERROR: Could not open trace file file The device config name trace file command was entered, but the file for storing trace results could not be created.

SEE ALSO iface

A-20 TALnet Configuration Guide DIR

A.8 DIR

NAME dir - Displays the contents of a directory.

SYNOPSIS dir [directory-name | ..]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Read

DESCRIPTION The dir command displays the contents of the directory speciﬁed with the directory-name argument. If you do not specify an argument, the command displays the contents of the current directory. If you specify two dots (..), the command displays the contents of the parent directory.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES The following example displays the contents of the current working directory. The resulting display lists one line for each file or directory. The first character in each line indicates the type of entry; for example, a d indicates a directory and a hyphen (-) indicates a file. The name of the file or directory appears in the last column. In this example, the current working directory contains two subdirectories (tal/ and tmp/), and one file (sample). TAL> dir drwxr-x--- 1 tal router 0 Dec 21 07:36 tal/ drwxr-x--- 1 tal router 0 Dec 21 07:36 tmp/ -rwxr-x--- 1 tal router 12 Dec 21 12:06 sample

3 files. 768,512 bytes free. Disk size 778,752 bytes.

TALnet Command Reference A-21 DOMAIN

A.9 DOMAIN

NAME domain - Manages the parameters and tables associated with the Domain Name System (DNS).

SYNOPSIS domain option

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Subcommands require different levels of authorization. Refer to the OPTIONS section for authorization levels for each subcommand.

DESCRIPTION The domain command manages parameters associated with DNS. DNS provides the mapping between IP addresses and hostnames. This command allows you to force entries into or out of the table maintained by DNS (the DNS server list) as well as execute DNS queries.

OPTIONS addserver Adds a new name server entry into the DNS server list. Name servers hold a cache, or database, of names mapped to IP addresses. domain addserver ip-addr Where: ¥ ip-addr—Speciﬁes the IP address in four-part dotted decimal format. Required authorization levels: Operator. cache clean If you specify an argument, this command sets whether expired records should be discarded or not. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays whether or not expired records are discarded. domain cache clean [boolean] Where: ¥ boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable. Required authorization levels: Operator. cache list Displays the DNS cache.

domain cache list Required authorization levels: Operator.

A-22 TALnet Configuration Guide DOMAIN

cache load Restores the DNS cache from the specified file. This command will not overwrite current data. domain cache load filename Where: ¥ filename—Specifies the file from which the DNS cache is restored. The file includes the name and a three-character extension separated by a dot (.). Required authorization levels: Operator, Read. cache only If you specify an argument, this command sets “ignore Domain.txt” on or off. If “ignore Domain.txt” is on, DNS name lookups will only go to the cache, and will not go to the DNS cache file Domain.txt. If you do not specify an argument, this command indicates the state of “ignore Domain.txt.” domain cache only [boolean] Where: ¥ boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable. Required authorization levels: Operator. cache save Saves the DNS cache to the specified file. domain cache save filename Where: ¥ filename—Specifies the file to which the DNS cache is saved. The file includes the name and a three-character extension separated by a dot (.). Required authorization levels: Operator, Write, and Create. cache size If you specify an argument, this command changes the cache memory size to the number of entries provided. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the memory size for the cache.

domain cache size [count] Where: ¥ count—Speciﬁes the memory size. The memory size can be between 10 and 100 entries. The default is 20 entries. Required authorization levels: Operator.

TALnet Command Reference A-23 DOMAIN

cache wait If you specify an argument, this command changes the time between cache file updates to the number provided. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the time in seconds between cache file updates. domain cache wait [update-time] Where: ¥ update-time—Specifies the amount of time in seconds between cache file updates. The amount of time can be between 20 seconds and 28800 seconds (8 hours). The default if you do not set this time is 20 seconds. Required authorization levels: Operator. dropserver Removes an entry from the DNS server list. domain dropserver hostid Where: ¥ hostid—Specifies the DNS name or IP address in four-part dotted decimal format. Required authorization levels: Operator. list Displays the DNS server list. domain list Required authorization levels: Operator. query Sends out a query asking for the IP address associated with a DNS name or the DNS name associated with an IP address. domain query {ip-addr | DNS-name} Where: ¥ ip-addr—Specifies in four-part dotted decimal format the IP address for which you are requesting a DNS name. ¥ DNS-name—Specifies the DNS name for which you are requesting an IP address. Required authorization levels: Operator.

A-24 TALnet Configuration Guide DOMAIN

retry If you specify an argument, this command resets the number of retries to the number provided. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the number of retries. domain retry [count] Where: ¥ count—Is an integer that specifies the number of retries. The retry count can be between 1 and 25. If you do not specify a retry count, the default is 2. Required authorization levels: Operator. suffix If you specify an argument, this command defines the default domain name appended to hostnames. If you do not specify an argument, it displays the local suffix. domain suffix [suffix] Where: ¥ suffix—Is the domain name ending with a dot (.). Required authorization levels: Operator. trace If you specify an argument, this command turns tracing for DNS operations on or off. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays whether or not domain is set to verbose mode. domain trace [boolean] Where: ¥ boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable. Required authorization levels: Operator.

EXAMPLES TAL> domain list Server address srtt mdev timeout queries responses 128.105.2.10 1475 1495 7455 9 8 192.168.180.2 1785 429 7002 2 1 128.32.136.253 2000 0 8012 2 0 141.211.180.2 2000 0 4006 1 0

Where: ¥ Server address—The IP address of the DNS server ¥ srtt—Smoothed (rounded) round-trip time ¥ mdev—Mean round-trip time deviation ¥ timeout—Number of milliseconds before it last gave up

TALnet Command Reference A-25 DOMAIN

¥ queries—The number of DNS queries sent to that server ¥ responses—The number of replies to DNS queries from that server

DIAGNOSTICS Resolver unknown The DNS server speciﬁed could not be found. IN {255} The domain name indicated by could not be resolved.

SEE ALSO ping

A-26 TALnet Configuration Guide ECHO

A.10 ECHO

NAME echo - Conﬁgures the Telnet client echo negotiation constraints.

SYNOPSIS echo [accept | refuse]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The echo command accepts or refuses a WILL ECHO offer from remote Telnet clients. In the absence of a negotiated offer, both sides default to no echoing. In this state, no information is sent until a carriage return () is sent. When using an editor, however, this can be a problem, so many systems negotiate remote echoing and send each keystroke immediately. This is effective on Ethernet links, but can be inefﬁcient across a radio link. When you specify the echo command without an argument, it displays whether echoing is set to accept or refuse.

OPTIONS accept Causes the console to send a DO ECHO if a WILL ECHO is received during Telnet negotiations. echo accept refuse Causes the console to send a DON’T ECHO if a WILL ECHO is received during Telnet negotiations. echo refuse

TALnet Command Reference A-27 EXIT

A.11 EXIT

NAME exit - Exits from the TALnet software.

SYNOPSIS exit

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Admin

DESCRIPTION The exit command allows you to leave your TALnet session and enter the native operating system. After you issue the exit command, you are asked to confirm that you want to leave the TALnet session. If you enter y, the prompt (C:\TAL>) appears but you cannot route traffic through the Wireless Router, and all other Wireless Routers see the router as dead. If you enter n, you remain in TALnet. You typically use the exit command when you upgrade software or modify the configuration file. If you exit the TALnet session, you must issue the command start to reload the configuration file and reexecute TALnet. (Note that the start command you issue to reload the configuration file and reexecute TALnet is not the TALnet start command; it is a native operating system command.)

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES The following example illustrates the process for exiting the TALnet session. TAL> exit Are you sure (y/n)? y C:\TAL>

SEE ALSO copy, logout, reboot

A-28 TALnet Configuration Guide FTP

A.12 FTP

NAME ftp - Makes an FTP connection from your Wireless Router.

SYNOPSIS ftp hostid [port]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Netlogin authorization is required to make an FTP connection. Once the connection is made, you can issue FTP session commands. FTP session commands require different levels of authorization. Refer to the FTP SESSION COMMANDS section for authorization levels for each session command.

DESCRIPTION The ftp command allows you to connect to a remote host from your Wireless Router and transfer files to and from that remote host. The hostid argument specifies the host to which you want to connect, and must be either the DNS name or the IP address in four-part dotted decimal format. The optional port argument is the number of the port through which you want to connect. If you do not specify a port number, the standard FTP control port of 21 is used. Issuing the ftp command opens a new session on your router; this session uses an ftp> prompt. After you connect to a remote host using the ftp command, you must supply a username; you might also be required to specify a password. To switch from your FTP session to other sessions on the local router, use Ctrl-w. After you open your FTP session, you can use the commands in the FTP SESSION COMMANDS section at the ftp> prompt to configure the FTP session or perform FTP operations.

FTP SESSION COMMANDS ascii Sets the ﬁle transfer mode to ASCII. This command and the type ascii command behave the same. Required authorization levels: None.

TALnet Command Reference A-29 FTP

batch Turns command batch mode on or off. Command batch mode attempts to optimize communication with the server by only sending when required, not each time a command is entered. For example, the transfer mode only needs to be sent if a file will actually be transferred. If you do not specify an argument, this command shows the current state of command batch mode. batch [boolean] Where: ¥ boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable. Required authorization levels: None. binary Sets the file transfer mode to network image. This command, the type binary command, and the type image command behave the same. Required authorization levels: None. cd Changes the current working directory on the remote host to the directory specified with the remote-dir argument. cd remote-dir Where: ¥ remote-dir—Is the name of the directory you want to use as your current working directory on the remote host. Required authorization levels: None. compare Compares the contents of a file on the remote host with a file on the local Wireless Router. compare remote-file [local-file] Where: ¥ remote-file—Is the file on the remote host that you want to compare. ¥ local-file—Is a file on the local Wireless Router to which you want to compare the remote file. Do not specify a second filename if the filenames for both the remote file and the local file are the same. Required authorization levels: Read.

A-30 TALnet Configuration Guide FTP

dir Displays the contents of a directory on the remote host. This command and the list command behave the same. dir [remote-files [local-file]] Where: ¥ remote-files—Specifies which files you want to list, and can include the directory name, specific filenames, and wildcards. You can use a dot (.) to specify the current working directory. If you do not specify this argument, the contents of the current working directory on the remote host display. ¥ local-file—Specifies a file to which to write the directory listing. If you do not specify this argument, the contents are displayed on your console. If you specify a local-file argument, you must specify a remote-file argument. Required authorization levels: None. get Retrieves a copy of the specified file from the remote host and stores it on the local Wireless Router. get remote-file [local-file] Where: ¥ remote-file—Is the name of the file on the remote host that you want to copy. ¥ local-file—Is the name you want to assign the file on the local Wireless Router. If you do not assign this argument, the filename stays the same. Required authorization levels: Write, Create. hash Turns on hash mark printing. Hash marks (#) appear on the screen to indicate progress during file transfers; one hash mark appears for each 1000 bytes transferred. Hash mark printing is off by default. Required authorization levels: None. lcd Changes the local current working directory. If you do not specify a directory, this command shows the local current working directory. lcd [dir] Where: ¥ dir—Is the name of the directory to which you want to switch. Required authorization levels: Read.

TALnet Command Reference A-31 FTP

list Displays the contents of a directory on the remote host. This command and the dir command behave the same. list [remote-files [local-file]] Where: ¥ remote-files—Specifies which files you want to list, and can include the directory name, specific filenames, and wildcards. You can use a dot (.) to specify the current working directory. If you do not specify this argument, the contents of the current working directory on the remote host displays. ¥ local-file—Specifies a file to which to write the directory listing. If you do not specify this argument, the contents are displayed on your console. If you specify a local-file argument, you must specify a remote-file argument. Required authorization levels: Write, Create. lls Displays a list of files in your current working directory. If you specify an argument, only the files you specify display. lls [local-files] Where: ¥ local-files—Specifies which files you want to list, and can include the directory name, specific filenames, and wildcards. You can use a dot (.) to specify the current working directory. If you do not specify this argument, the contents of the current working directory on the local Wireless Router display. Required authorization levels: Read. ls Displays an abbreviated listing of remote files from the remote host. This command and the nlst command behave the same. ls [remote-files [local-file]] Where: ¥ remote-files—Specifies which files you want to list, and can include the directory name, specific filenames, and wildcards. You can use a dot (.) to specify the current working directory. If you do not specify this argument, the contents of the current working directory on the remote host display. ¥ local-file—Specifies a file to which to write the directory listing. If you do not specify this argument, the contents are displayed on your console. If you specify a local-file argument, you must specify a remote-file argument. Required authorization levels: Write, Create.

A-32 TALnet Configuration Guide FTP

mcompare Compares the contents of multiple files on the remote host with files that have the same filename on the local Wireless Router. mcompare remote-file … Where: ¥ remote-file—Are the files on the remote host that you want to compare. You can use wildcards to compare multiple files, or specify more than one filename. Required authorization levels: Read. md5 Requests the MD5 signature of specified file on the remote host. Note that MD5 might not be available on all remote hosts. md5 remote-file Where: ¥ remote-file—Is the file on the remote host. Required authorization levels: None. mget Retrieves copies of the specified files from the remote host and stores them on the local Wireless Router. mget remote-files ... Where: ¥ remote-files—Are the files on the remote host that you want to copy. You can use wildcards to get multiple files, or specify more than one filename. Required authorization levels: Write, Create. mkdir Creates a new directory on the remote host. mkdir dir-name Where: ¥ dir-name—Is the name of the new directory. Required authorization levels: None. mput Stores multiple files from the local Wireless Router on the remote host. mput local-files ... Where: ¥ local-files—Are the local files you want to move. You can use wildcards to store multiple files, or specify more than one filename. Required authorization levels: Read.

TALnet Command Reference A-33 FTP

nlst Displays an abbreviated list of remote files from the remote host. This command and the ls command behave the same. nlst [remote-files [local-file]] Required authorization levels: Write, Create. Where: ¥ remote-files—Specifies which files you want to list, and can include the directory name, specific filenames, and wildcards. You can use a dot (.) to specify the current working directory. If you do not specify this argument, the contents of the current working directory on the remote host display. ¥ local-file—Specifies a file to which to write the directory listing. If you do not specify this argument, the contents are displayed on your console. If you specify a local-file argument, you must specify a remote-file argument. put Stores a file from the local Wireless Router on the remote host. put local-file [remote-file] Where: ¥ local-file—Is the name of the local file you want to copy. ¥ remote-file—Is the name you want to assign the file on the remote host. If you do not assign this argument, the local filename is used for the remote file. Required authorization levels: Read. quit Closes the FTP session on the remote host and exits FTP. quit Required authorization level(s): None. read Displays the contents of the specified remote file. read remote-file Where: ¥ remote-file—Is the file on the remote host that you want to display. Required authorization levels: None. rmdir Removes the specified remote directory. rmdir dir-name Where: ¥ dir-name—Is the directory on the remote host. Required authorization levels: None.

A-34 TALnet Configuration Guide FTP

type Sets the specified file transfer mode. If you do not specify an argument, the current transfer mode displays. type [ascii | binary | image | logical byte] Where: ¥ ascii—Indicates ASCII transfer mode. This command and the ascii command behave the same. ¥ binary—Indicates image transfer mode. This command, the type image command, and the binary command behave the same. ¥ image—Indicates image transfer mode. This command, the type binary command, and the binary command behave the same. ¥ logical byte—Indicates that data is transferred in logical bytes of the size (in bytes) specified by the argument byte. When data reaches the receiving host, it is transformed in a manner dependent on the logical byte size and particular host. The TAL FTP client sends the host the logical option with the specified logical byte size parameter, but this data is handled as though you had specified binary data. Required authorization levels: None. update Turns on or off MD5 updating. If MD5 updating is enabled, the mget and mput commands check each target file to see if it already exists and has the same MD5 signature as the source file. If the target file exists and has the same signature, it is not transferred. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current state of MD5 updating. update [boolean] Where: ¥ boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable. Required authorization levels: None. verbose Changes the amount of information that is displayed during different FTP operations. For example, setting the level to 3 turns on hash mark printing. If you set the level to 1 or higher, the MD5 signature appears during an MD5 compare. If you do not specify an argument, the current level displays. verbose [level] Where: ¥ level—Indicates the verbose level. Level 2 is the default. Required authorization levels: None.

TALnet Command Reference A-35 FTP

EXAMPLES The following is an example of a typical FTP session. In this session, you log on to the remote host with the IP address of 192.168.2.3. After the FTP session opens, you set the transfer mode to binary, and turn hash mark printing on. You then retrieve a copy of the ﬁle talnet.exe from the remote host (192.168.2.3). Finally, you close the connection by entering quit, and are returned to your primary session on your local Wireless Router. TAL> ftp 192.168.2.3 ftp> binary ftp> hash ftp> get talnet.exe ftp> quit TAL>

SEE ALSO abort, kick, session

A-36 TALnet Configuration Guide HELP

A.13 HELP

NAME help - Displays the list of TALnet commands.

SYNOPSIS help

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION The help command displays the list of valid TALnet commands. You can also enter a question mark (?) to display the list.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES The following example illustrates the help command and the resulting display of valid TALnet commands: TAL> help Command list: abort arp cd close copy delete device dir domain echo exit ftp help hop hostname icmp iface ip kick key loadgen logout log memory mkdir ping process pwd reboot rename repeat reset rip rmdir route session snmp start stop talk tcp telnet time tip trace udp uptime users version view who ?

TALnet Command Reference A-37 HOP

A.14 HOP

NAME hop - Invokes the traceroute tool.

SYNOPSIS hop option

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The hop command invokes the traceroute tool, which allows you to see the routes that IP datagrams follow to a given location. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section.

OPTIONS check Traces the route of an IP datagram sent to a specified IP address or DNS name. hop check hostid Where: ¥ hostid—Can be either a DNS name or an IP address specified in four-part dotted decimal format. maxttl If you specify an argument, this command sets the maximum number of routers to pass through by altering the time-to-live (TTL) field. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current value. hop maxttl [number] Where: ¥ number—Is an integer that specifies the maximum TTL. The maximum TTL can be between 1 and 255. If you do not specify a maximum TTL, the default is 30.

A-38 TALnet Configuration Guide HOP

maxwait If you specify an argument, this command sets the maximum wait for a timeout. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current value. hop maxwait [number] Where: ¥ number—Specifies the maximum amount of time in seconds that the router will wait before timing out. The maximum wait can be between 1 and 3600 seconds. If you do not specify a maximum wait, the default is 6 seconds. queries If you specify an argument, this command sets the number of queries sent to each router. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current value. hop queries [number] Where: ¥ number—Is an integer that specifies the number of queries. This number can be between 1 and 5. If you do not specify the number, the default is 3. trace If you specify an argument, this command sets tracing of hop checks on or off. In other words, it logs every message that comes back as it comes back. If the general TALnet log is on and hop-check tracing is on, hop checks are recorded to a file. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the status of hop-check tracing. hop trace [boolean] Where: ¥ boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable.

EXAMPLES TAL> hop check agate.berkeley.edu Resolving agate.berkeley.edu... traceroute to 128.32.155.1:33434 1: 192.168.180.152 wayne.pa.tetherless.com. (1 ms) (1 ms) (2 ms) 2: 192.168.180.1 gatekeeper.pa.tertherless.com. (3 ms) (3 ms) (5 ms) 3: 192.168.181.1 gateway.pa.tetherless.net. (6 ms) (4 ms) (4 ms) 4: 104.174.168.6 ln1-tlg-tetherless.tlg.net. (8 ms) (7 ms) (7 ms) 5: 104.174.4.10 gw1-mv-tlg.tlg.net. (48 ms) (21 ms) (17 ms) 6: 192.16832.45 border1-serial13-0.SanFrancisco.mci.net. (19 ms) (19 ms) (15 ms) 7: 192.168.32.6 barrnet.SanFrancisco.mci.net. (16 ms) (22 ms)(20 ms) 8: 192.31.48.202 su-c.barrnet.net. (21 ms) (20 ms) (19 ms) 9: 131.119.2.10 ucbnex.barrnet.net. (17 ms) (17 ms) (17 ms) 10: 198.128.16.21 inr-666-dmz.berkeley.edu (33 ms) (30 ms) (19 ms) 11: 128.32.155.1 agate.berkely.edu (23 ms) (21 ms) (21 ms) traceroute done: normal (Unreachable Port)

TALnet Command Reference A-39 HOP

Where: ¥ The ﬁrst line resolves the IP address for the DNS name. ¥ Subsequent lines list the TTL, the IP address, and DNS name for the host or router, then three round-trip times from the sending host to that host or router. Note that this is not a per-hop round-trip time.

SEE ALSO icmp, log

A-40 TALnet Configuration Guide HOSTNAME

A.15 HOSTNAME

NAME hostname - Sets the hostname of the TALnet router.

SYNOPSIS hostname {name | iface}

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION Sets the hostname of the TALnet router. The hostname is used in system prompts, and should be the same as the DNS name for that router. If you specify an interface name, a reverse DNS lookup is executed on the interface IP address.

OPTIONS name Sets the system name and changes the prompt to reﬂect that name. hostname name Where: ¥ name—Is the hostname, and can contain uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens, but cannot contain spaces. The hostname is case sensitive and should not begin with a number. iface Sets the system name based on the reverse DNS lookup on the speciﬁed interface’s IP address. You can discover and modify the interface IP address using the iface show iface command, or you can discover possible interfaces using the iface show all command. The hostname iface command sets the prompt based on the results of the DNS hostname lookup. hostname iface Where: ¥ iface—Is the symbolic name for the interface on which you want to do the reverse DNS lookup.

TALnet Command Reference A-41 HOSTNAME

EXAMPLES In the following example, the hostname is set to linda. TAL> hostname linda linda>

In the following example, the hostname is the DNS name for Ethernet interface 0 (ether0). The DNS name for that interface is erin.pa.tetherless.com, so the new hostname is erin. linda> hostname ether0 Hostname set to erin erin>

SEE ALSO domain, iface

A-42 TALnet Configuration Guide ICMP

A.16 ICMP

NAME icmp - Manages the tables and parameters associated with the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).

SYNOPSIS icmp option

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The icmp command displays or manipulates parameters associated with ICMP. ICMP is a network-layer protocol that sends reports of problems about datagrams back to the source that sent the datagram. This command allows you to set parameters associated with ICMP or to view the status of messages received.

OPTIONS echo If you specify an argument, this command sets echoing of ICMP messages to the console on or off. The default is to respond to ICMP echo requests. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current setting. icmp echo [boolean] Where: ¥ boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable. status Displays the status of ICMP. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section. icmp status

TALnet Command Reference A-43 ICMP

trace If you specify an argument, this command turns the echoing of Port Unreachable, Host Unreachable, Source Quench, or Time-to-Live Exceeded messages on or off. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current setting. icmp trace [boolean] Where: ¥ boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable.

EXAMPLES TAL> icmp status ICMP Statistics: General: 25 in, 25 out, 0 errors Echos: 0 in, 25 out, 25 replies to us, 0 replies from us Timestamps: 0 in, 0 out, 0 replies to us, 0 replies from us Address Masks: 0 in, 0 out, 0 replies to us, 0 replies from us Time Exceeded: 0 in, 0 out Parameter Problems: 0 in, 0 out Source Quench: 0 in, 0 out Redirects: 0 in, 0 out

SEE ALSO hop, ping

A-44 TALnet Configuration Guide IFACE

A.17 IFACE

NAME iface - Conﬁgures network interface parameters.

SYNOPSIS iface config iface-name [global-config...] [encap-specific...] iface create iface-name [global-config...] [encap-specific...] iface delete iface-name iface kill iface-name iface make iface-name [global-config...] [encap-specific...] iface show {iface-name | all} [verbose]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION Use the iface command to create, configure, and remove network interfaces and parameters on the system. You must use the iface make command to create all wire-based interfaces and to assign the interfaces to devices. If the default address for the system is not suitable for a specific interface, you must specify an interface-specific IP address. You must also set the subnet mask for all interfaces that are not point-to-point.

OPTIONS config Use the iface config command to configure various parameters for a named interface. iface config iface-name [global-config...] [encap-specific...] Where: ¥ iface-name—Specifies the interface you are configuring, and should match the symbolic name assigned with the iface create or iface make command. ¥ global-config—Indicates globally configured parameters, as follows. You can issue more than one global parameter for each command. address ip-addr Specifies the IP address to be used for the named interface. The address should be given in four-part dotted decimal format; for example, 192.168.185.66.

TALnet Command Reference A-45 IFACE

broadcast ip-addr Specifies the broadcast address for the interface. For point-to-point links, this should be undefined. For other media such as Ethernet, this should be set to the local network address with the host portion as all ones; for example, 192.168.185.79. demand Marks the interface for demand use. Normally used with dial-up connections running SLIP or PPP. If you configure a demand interface, make sure that the interface is associated with a device. device device-name Associates the interface with an existing named device. You must associate an Ethernet interface with a packet driver device before you enable the interface. If you are configuring a dedicated PPP interface, you must associate that interface with a communications device. The device-name argument is the symbolic name assigned with the device make command. down Marks the interface as being down and stops routing traffic on the interface. encapsulation Sets up what type of encapsulation the interface is encap-name to be used with. You must specify this argument pair with the iface make or iface create subcommands. The encap-name argument can be any of the following: ¥ arcnet—Specifies the standard ARCnet encapsulation method for IP datagrams on ARCnet devices. ¥ ethernet—Specifies standard IP-over-Ethernet encapsulation. ¥ ppp—Specifies Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) encapsulation on asynchronous or synchronous serial lines. This is the preferred encapsulation method for serial lines. ¥ raw ip—For internal use on loopback and null interfaces only.

A-46 TALnet Configuration Guide IFACE

¥ slfp—Specifies Serial Line Framing Protocol (SLFP) encapsulation, an outdated method used on some asynchronous links. In general, you should use PPP encapsulation instead of SLFP encapsulation. ¥ slip—Specifies Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) encapsulation on asynchronous serial lines. In general, you should use PPP encapsulation instead of SLIP encapsulation. forward iface-name Sets up the interface on which to forward all outgoing traffic to another specified interface. The iface-name argument specifies the interface on which you are forwarding traffic, and should match the symbolic name assigned with the iface create or iface make command. idle Forces a demand interface to close down the link-layer protocol. kick Forces a demand interface to start up the link-layer protocol. mru size Sets the maximum size of datagrams that can be received on the interface. This is the size without any link-layer encapsulation. mtu size Sets the maximum size of datagrams that can be transmitted on the interface. This is the size without any link-layer encapsulation. mxu size Sets the maximum size of datagrams that can be received and transmitted on the interface. This is the size without any link-layer encapsulation. netmask ip-addr Specifies the subnet mask in decimal address format for the interface. This is the mask specified by the address class as modified by any subnet mask. For point-to-point links, this should be left undefined, but for other media such as Ethernet, this should be set. A sample value is 255.255.255.240. timeout timeout-value Sets the idle timeout for the interface. Used by demand devices to close down the connection when the interface is idle. unlink Removes the binding from an interface to a device. The interface must be marked as down. up Marks the interface as up and starts the link-layer protocol.

TALnet Command Reference A-47 IFACE

¥ encap-specific—Indicates parameters that you can configure only if you use SLIP encapsulation, as follows: vj {on | off | auto} Indicates whether Van Jacobsen header compression should be on, off, or automatically enabled. If Van Jacobsen header compression is automatically enabled, it will start out disabled, but switch to enabled if a compressed datagram is received. You can only configure this parameter if you have specified SLIP encapsulation. csid Compresses the connection ID. You can only specify csid if you have specified SLIP encapsulation and Van Jacobsen header compression is enabled. create Adds a new interface to the system. This command and the iface make command behave the same. iface create iface-name [global-config...] [encap-specific...] Where: ¥ iface-name—Assigns a symbolic name to the interface. This name can include uppercase and lowercase letters, hyphens, and numbers, and should indicate the type of interface and the unit number; for example, ether0. ¥ global-config—All options listed for the iface config command apply. ¥ encap-specific—All options listed for the iface config command apply. delete Removes the named interface from the configuration. The interface must be marked as down before this can be done. This command and the iface kill command behave the same. iface delete iface-name Where: ¥ iface-name—Specifies the interface you are deleting, and should match the symbolic name assigned with the iface create or iface make command. kill Removes the named interface from the configuration. The interface must be marked as down before this can be done. This command and the iface delete command behave the same. iface kill iface-name Where: ¥ iface-name—Specifies the interface you are deleting, and should match the symbolic name assigned with the iface create or iface make command.

A-48 TALnet Configuration Guide IFACE

make Adds a new interface to the system. This command and the iface create command behave the same. iface make iface-name [global-config...] [encap-specific...] Where: ¥ iface-name—Assigns a symbolic name to the interface. This name can include uppercase and lowercase letters, hyphens, and numbers, and should indicate the type of interface and the unit number; for example, ether0. ¥ global-config—All options listed for the iface config command apply. ¥ encap-specific—All options listed for the iface config command apply. show Shows the configuration and some statistics of the specified interfaces. iface show {iface-name | all} [verbose] Where: ¥ iface-name—Is the symbolic name for a specific interface. ¥ all—Requests status on all configured interfaces. ¥ verbose—Requests more-detailed information and statistics.

EXAMPLES The following example creates the dedicated PPP interface ppp0 with an IP address of 192.168.179.241. The interface is associated with the device com2, the maximum size of datagrams that can cross this interface is 1500, and the interface uses PPP encapsulation. TAL> iface make ppp0 device com2 address 192.168.179.241 mxu 1500 encapsulation ppp up

The following example creates an Ethernet interface (ether0). The first line creates the interface, associates it with the device pkt0, specifies an IP address of 192.168.179.241, and defines Ethernet encapsulation. The second line creates a subnet mask address of 255.255.255.248, a broadcast address of 192.168.179.24, and specifies that datagrams no larger than 1500 bytes can cross the interface. The up keyword enables the interface. TAL> iface make ether0 device pkt0 address 192.168.179.241 encapsulation ether

TAL> iface config ether0 netmask 255.255.255.248 mxu 1500 broadcast 192.168.179.24 up

TALnet Command Reference A-49 IFACE

The following example shows typical output on all conﬁgured interfaces on your Wireless Router: TAL> iface show all ether0 Attached to ether0, address: 192.168.180.249 192.168.179.201 MXU 1500, link encapsulation: Ethernet flags 810A trace 0 netmask 0xFFFFFF00 broadcast 192.168.180.255 loopback Not attached to any interface, address: 127.0.0.1 MXU 1500, link encapsulation: Raw IP flags 8002 trace 0 netmask 0xFF000000 broadcast 255.255.255.255 null Not attached to any interface, address: 0.0.0.0 MXU 1500, link encapsulation: Raw IP flags 8002 trace 0 netmask 0xFFFFFFFF broadcast 255.255.255.255 radio0 Attached to radio0, address: 192.168.179.201 MXU 1500, link encapsulation: TALK flags 800A trace 0 netmask 0xFFFFFFFF broadcast 255.255.255.255 tunnel Not attached to any interface, address: 0.0.0.0 MXU 1500, link encapsulation: Raw IP flags 8002 trace 0 netmask 0xFFFFFFFF broadcast 255.255.255.255

DIAGNOSTICS Interface iface unknown An attempt was made to configure a nonexistent interface. Interface iface does not exist An attempt was made to remove a nonexistent interface. Interface iface already exists An attempt was made to create a new interface with the same name as an already-existing interface. Iface iface unknown An attempt was made to show the configuration of a nonexistent interface. Unknown option option, command aborted An unknown configuration command was given. Failed to add IP address onto iface The router was unable to assign the specified IP address to the named interface. Interface iface already marked demand An attempt was made to mark an interface as demand when this had already been done. Interface iface already linked to device An attempt was made to link an interface to a device when the interface has already been linked to a device. Device device does not exist An attempt was made to link an interface to a nonexistent device.

A-50 TALnet Configuration Guide IFACE

Device device is busy An attempt was made to link an interface to a device already in use by another interface. Interface iface already marked down An attempt was made to shut down an interface when it was already shut down. Interface iface must be down to change encapsulation An attempt was made to change the encapsulation of an interface when the interface might be in use. Use the iface config iface-name down command to mark the devices as down. Unknown encapsulation encap An attempt was made to use an unknown encapsulation type. Interface iface is already up and ready An attempt was made to use the kick subcommand on an interface that is already up and running. Interface iface is already idle An attempt was made to use the idle subcommand on a demand interface that is already idle. Interface iface is not configured for demand operation An attempt was made to apply the kick or idle subcommand to an interface that is not configured for demand mode. Interface iface must be down to unlink An attempt was made to unlink an interface from its device while the interface was running. Use the iface config iface-name down command to mark the devices as down. Interface iface is already marked up An attempt to start an already-running interface was made. Interface iface has no device An attempt to start an interface not bound to any device was made. Interface iface has no encapsulation An attempt to start an interface without any link-layer encapsulation was made.

SEE ALSO device, talk

TALnet Command Reference A-51 IP

A.18 IP

NAME ip - Manages the parameters associated with the Internet Protocol (IP).

SYNOPSIS ip option

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The ip command allows you to conﬁgure IP options. IP is a network-layer protocol that breaks data from higher-level protocols such as TCP and UDP into datagrams. IP provides an addressing space and other controls to allow the datagrams to be routed. If IP datagrams are too large, they are fragmented into multiple smaller datagrams so that they can be delivered. Fragmented datagrams can arrive in any order and IP will reassemble them. If some of the fragments are lost, IP throws the rest of the fragments away and requests a retransmission. Because lost datagrams are lost without notiﬁcation, the only way for the router to know when to ask for a retransmission is through a timer, called a retransmission timer.

OPTIONS filter Allows you to configure a packet filter, also known as a firewall. A packet filter is a sequential set of permit and deny conditions that apply to addresses. Packet filtering includes an implicit deny condition; if a packet does not match any of the conditions specified, it is implicitly denied. You can use variants of the ip filter command to do the following: To delete the filters associated with the listed interface, use the following command syntax: ip filter iface-name delete To list the filters for a particular interface, use the following command syntax: ip filter iface-name list

A-52 TALnet Configuration Guide IP

To set up the filter, use the following command syntax. Note that, once you apply a filter to an interface, the router assumes an implicit deny condition for any undefined condition. You must specify whether to deny or permit traffic on the specified interface, and whether you are restricting incoming or outgoing traffic. Acceptable values for type, src, and dst follow the command. ip filter iface-name {deny | permit} {in | out} type src dst The type argument sets the kind of traffic the filter is regulating. You can use any of the following: ¥ *—All data packets ¥ icmp—All ICMP datagrams ¥ icmprd—ICMP redirect datagrams ¥ icmpxrd—All ICMP datagrams except redirect datagrams ¥ tcp—All TCP packets ¥ tcpsyn—TCP SYNs ¥ tcpxsyn—All TCP packets except TCP SYNs ¥ udp—All UDP datagrams The src argument filters packets based on their source, or where they originated from.The dst argument filters packets based on their destination. You can use any of the following arguments to filter based on source or destination: ¥ *—Applies the filter to all addresses. ¥ ip-addr—Applies the filter to the specified address. ¥ ! ip-addr—Applies the filter to all but the specified address. If this is used with a deny condition, all addresses but the specified address are denied. If this is used with a permit condition, all addresses but the specified address are permitted. ¥ ip-addr/bits—Applies the filter to all addresses in which the specified number of bits matches the bits in the specified address. ¥ : loport {+|Ð hiport}—Applies the filter to the specified TCP or UDP port or port range. The plus sign (+) specifies any port number greater than or equal to the one entered in the previous field. The minus sign (–) specifies a range of port numbers, and must be followed by the high port number. This is useful for denying only certain connections; for example, Telnet, or FTP sessions. You can also specify this with an IP address.

TALnet Command Reference A-53 IP

pool Sets up a pool of IP addresses for dynamic assignment. If you specify the pool command without an argument, it displays current settings. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section. ip pool [pool-base pool-count] Where: ¥ pool-base—Speciﬁes the lowest IP address in the pool. ¥ pool-count—Speciﬁes the number of IP addresses to be pooled. rtimer This command allows you to set the IP retransmission timer in seconds. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current value. rtimer [secs] Where: ¥ secs—Indicates the number of seconds before data is retransmitted. If you do not set the retransmission timer, the default is 30 seconds. status Outputs statistics about IP. ip status ttl If you specify an argument, this command sets the maximum time to live for locally created IP datagrams. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current value. ip ttl [count] Where: ¥ count—Indicates the maximum number of hops. The default is set to 255, the Internet-recommended value.

EXAMPLES TAL> ip pool None

TAL> ip pool 192.168.184.11 25 TAL> ip pool 192.168.184.11 thru 192.168.184.35

DIAGNOSTICS WARNING! deprecated command: ip address will not be supported in future releases. Use iface or talk to explicitly set the ip address. Previous versions of the Talnet software supported a global IP address that also represented the wireless interface—the current version no longer supports this option. Use the talk radio ip-address command to assign an IP address to the wireless interface.

A-54 TALnet Configuration Guide IP

SEE ALSO icmp, iface, tcp, udp

TALnet Command Reference A-55 KEY

A.19 KEY

NAME key - Establishes a key, or password, that is used to identify your router when it attempts to communicate with other routers.

SYNOPSIS key option 8-byte-key

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Admin

DESCRIPTION Use the key command to establish a key that can be used to identify your router to other routers and to authenticate neighboring routers that attempt to contact your router. Key authentication takes place when it veriﬁes the router’s identity by authenticating the key it provides.

Note The key authentication feature must be ordered separately. (Use the version command to see if it was included in your software—if it is included, you see the word “Encryption” in the list of included features.) You can contact your technical support representative to order the key authentication feature.

OPTIONS config Enter the key config command at the service console to temporarily change the currently defined key for the router. key config 8-byte-key Where: ¥ 8-byte-key—Represents the value or character string you want to use as your new key. The key should be eight characters (you may use alphanumeric characters and hyphens). create Enter the key create command in the talnet.cfg configuration file to define a new key for the router. key create 8-byte-key Where: ¥ 8-byte-key—Represents the value or character string you want to use as your key. The key should be eight characters (you may use alphanumeric characters and hyphens).

A-56 TALnet Configuration Guide KEY

delete Enter the key delete command at the service console to temporarily delete the currently deﬁned key for the router. key delete 8-byte-key Where: ¥ 8-byte-key—Represents the value or character string you no longer want to use as your key. The key should be eight characters (you may use alphanumeric characters and hyphens).

EXAMPLES The following example deﬁnes the key 023-59ST for key authentication: TAL> key create 023-59ST

TALnet Command Reference A-57 KICK

A.20 KICK

NAME kick - Restarts a stalled Telnet or File Transfer Protocol (FTP) session on your Wireless Router.

SYNOPSIS kick [session-index]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION The kick command allows you to restart a Telnet or FTP session if the session stalls after encountering a congested or failing network. The kick command forces the TCP/IP protocol to retransmit data that might have been lost in the network. This command only applies to Telnet or FTP sessions created using the TALnet telnet or ftp commands. To use this command, you must switch to the main TALnet session by entering Ctrl-w. Identify the index number of the stalled Telnet or FTP session by entering the session command. Then, issue the kick command with the appropriate session-index argument. If you do not provide a session-index argument, any network activity in the last used session will be restarted. To return to the restarted session, enter Ctrl-w again. When a network is congested or failing, the TCP/IP protocol slows down attempts to retransmit lost data. After many failures, the retransmission attempts can be spaced widely, with several minutes between each. Use the kick command to wake up any Telnet or FTP sessions when network connectivity returns or becomes less congested.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES In the following example, the session command displays current sessions. The kick 1 command restarts session 1, which is an FTP session. TAL> session # S# Type Rcv-Q Snd-Q State Ed Ec Remote socket 0 133 Command 0 2 Established 1 1 Telnet CLI (2.3.3.4) *1 132 FTP 0 0 Established 1 1 ftp (2.3.3.4)

TAL> kick 1 TAL>

A-58 TALnet Configuration Guide KICK

DIAGNOSTICS Invalid session. The session you provided does not exist. Use the session command to obtain the proper session index.

SEE ALSO ftp, session, telnet

TALnet Command Reference A-59 LOADGEN

A.21 LOADGEN

NAME loadgen - Generates TCP trafﬁc to allow analysis of throughput and performance.

SYNOPSIS loadgen ip-addr

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION The loadgen command allows you to test the throughput of TCP traffic between the router on which you are currently logged in and a host. This command starts a TCP traffic-generation facility that attempts to connect to the discard server on the host you specify, then sends packets to the discard server at the highest possible rate. To exit the traffic-generation facility, enter Ctrl-w to get to the command prompt, then use the session command to identify the session index. Next, issue the reset command to remove the session.

OPTIONS ip-addr The IP address of an IP host.

EXAMPLES The following example starts the TCP trafﬁc-generation facility, generating TCP trafﬁc between the current router and the router whose address is 192.168.184.35: TAL> loadgen 192.168.184.35

SEE ALSO session, reset, udp

A-60 TALnet Configuration Guide LOG

A.22 LOG

NAME log - Manages output of system debugging and logging information.

SYNOPSIS log [[-f] console | [-f] session | stop | ﬁlename]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Write

DESCRIPTION The log command allows you to specify the destination for debugging and logging information. You can display this information directly on the service console or in a separate console session. You can also write the information to a ﬁle for later analysis. When you enter the log command without arguments, it displays the current destination of all system debugging and logging information.

OPTIONS -f Copies all debugging and logging information to a separate file (console.log when used with the console subcommand or session.log when used with the session subcommand). The information also displays on your console or in a separate console session. console Displays all debugging and logging information on the service console. The information is displayed as soon as possible, usually interspersed with the output of user commands already in progress. session Displays all debugging and logging information in a separate console session. To view the information, switch to the debugging session by typing Ctrl-w at the service console. stop Stops all logging activity and closes the log file and any open logging sessions. filename Sends all debugging and logging information to the specified file.

EXAMPLES The following example opens a separate session on the service console that contains just debugging and logging information. The data is also copied to a ﬁle named session.log. TAL> log -f session

TALnet Command Reference A-61 LOG

The following example shows that you have conﬁgured the Wireless Router to display system debugging and logging information in a separate session and to write the information to a ﬁle called session.log. TAL> log Logging to session Writing to session.log

The following example stops all logging activity and closes the log ﬁle and any open log sessions: TAL> log stop

SEE ALSO session

A-62 TALnet Configuration Guide LOGOUT

A.23 LOGOUT

NAME logout - Logs you off of the Wireless Router.

SYNOPSIS logout

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION The logout command allows you to log off the TAL Wireless Router. The logout command behaves differently depending on the type of connection you have: ¥ If you are directly connected to the Wireless Router through a service console, a login prompt and login banner appear on the service console. ¥ If you are connected through a Telnet connection, the connection closes. Log out of the Wireless Router whenever you have completed your activities on that router. If you are logged in through a service console and remain logged in, other users can access TALnet over a modem without logging in. Likewise, if you are logged in through a Telnet connection and that connection is dropped before you log out, other users can access TALnet without logging in.

Note To use the logout command, you must already be logged in. If no authorized users have been set up in the configuration file (for example, the very first time you log in to the router), then logging in and logging out are not necessary—you will receive an error message if you try to enter the logout command. Use the exit command instead.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES In the following example, the user logs out of a service console connection: TAL> logout TALnet Release 2.0 Copyright 1992-1996 Tetherless Access Limited, All Rights Reserved. Compiled at TAL: Jun 26 1996, 15:24:55 Router Platform: SubSpace 2001 (rev1) Installed Features: Encryption, TALK, PPP, IP Routing. user:

TALnet Command Reference A-63 LOGOUT

SEE ALSO exit

A-64 TALnet Configuration Guide MEMORY

A.24 MEMORY

NAME memory - Conﬁgures and controls memory allocation.

SYNOPSIS memory [option]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The memory command displays or conﬁgures parameters and tables associated with memory allocation. Memory allocation is used to spawn processes and make connections as well as keep the TALnet software alive and running. This command allows you to control memory usage and buffer numbers and sizes. When you enter the memory command without arguments, it displays memory statistics. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section.

OPTIONS freelist Displays the storage allocator freelist. Each entry consists of a statting segment in hexadecimal and a size in decimal. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section. memory freelist ibufsize Sets the interrupt buffer size to the number of bytes speciﬁed. The size should be set to the size of the largest type of buffer plus a header size of eight. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the size of the interrupt buffer. memory ibufsize [bytes] Where: ¥ bytes—Speciﬁes the size of the buffer. If you do not set the interrupt buffer size, the default is 1792.

TALnet Command Reference A-65 MEMORY

nibufs Sets the number of buffers available for the interrupt buffer pool. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current value. A minimum of two free buffers should be maintained. This information can be found by outputting memory status. memory nibufs count Where: ¥ count—Speciﬁes the number of available buffers. If you do not specify a number of buffers, the default is 5. sizes Displays a history of requested storage allocator sizes. memory sizes thresh Sets the memory threshold size in bytes. If the amount of available memory passes below this number, no more connections can be opened or accepted. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current value. memory thresh [bytes] Where: ¥ bytes—Speciﬁes the memory threshold size. If you do not set the memory threshold size, the default is 8192.

EXAMPLES The following sample output shows the storage allocator freelist: TAL> memory freelist 86920000 16 | 87260000 16 | 87ba0000 16 | 888f0000 16 89130000 16 | 89370000 16 | 98270008 16 | 8a180000 80 8b1f0000 16 | 8b350000 52 | 8bcc0008 1360 | 8c5d0008 264 8d200008 1064 | 8f640000 68 | 91650000 1960 | 6fed96f8 8208

The following sample output shows memory statistics for your Wireless Router: TAL> memory Memory: 111312 bytes free (of 235456 total), 124144 used, 24636 requests, 24357 frees, 279 outstanding, 0 failures, 0 severe shortages, 0 minor shortages, 0 invalid requests.

Mbufs: 21910 requests, 21869 frees, 41 outstanding, 0 failures, 15458 grow requests (4523 required additional memory.)

Ibufs: 115699 requests, 115698 frees, 1 outstanding, 0 failures, 1980 recovered, 0 destroyed, 39 preallocated: 5 to host, 34 to interfaces.

A-66 TALnet Configuration Guide MKDIR

A.25 MKDIR

NAME mkdir - Creates a directory.

SYNOPSIS mkdir directory-name

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Create

DESCRIPTION The mkdir command creates, or makes, a new subdirectory within the current working directory. You can also create a directory within another directory by specifying the path name as part of the directory name. To remove a directory, use the rmdir command. To list the contents of a directory, use the dir command.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES The following example creates the directory temp: TAL> mkdir temp

DIAGNOSTICS Usage: mkdir You issued the mkdir command, but did not specify a directory name.

SEE ALSO dir, rmdir

TALnet Command Reference A-67 PING

A.26 PING

NAME ping - Determines if a node is running or reachable.

SYNOPSIS ping hostid [length [interval [incﬂag]]]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION The ping command uses the Packet Internet Groper (ping) facility to determine if a computer is alive or reachable by sending ICMP Echo Request datagrams. If the remote computer is reachable, it returns an ICMP Echo Response datagram. When using ping for problem isolation, ﬁrst ping the local host to make sure the local network interface is responding. All variables are reset after ping is executed. That is, if you enter in any values for a ping, the values will be erased before you execute the next ping.

OPTIONS hostid When entered with only the host ID, the ping command returns an IP address and delay time. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section. ping hostid Where: ¥ hostid—Indicates the system you are querying, and can be either a DNS name or an IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format. length An ICMP Echo Request datagram (a ping) contains IP and ICMP headers and an 8-byte time stamp. It also contains an arbitrary number of pad bytes to ﬁll out the datagram. This command allows you to control the number of pad bytes by specifying the number of bytes in the data packet being built. ping hostid length Where: ¥ hostid—Indicates the system you are querying, and can be either a DNS name or an IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format. ¥ length—Speciﬁes the size of the data packet in bytes. The default is 16 bytes.

A-68 TALnet Configuration Guide PING

interval If you set an interval, multiple pings are transmitted and statistics are reported. This argument specifies the time to pause between transmissions. If the interval is too small, ICMP Source Quench errors might be generated or the datagrams might be silently discarded. This command allows you to have control over the transmission rate by specifying the pause (in milliseconds) between transmissions. Use the reset command to stop issuing pings. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section. ping hostid length interval Where: ¥ hostid—Indicates the system you are querying, and can be either a DNS name or an IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format. ¥ length—Specifies the size of the data packet in bytes. The default is 16 bytes. ¥ interval—Indicates the pause in milliseconds between transmissions. incflag This version of the command allows you to set the increment flag, which increments the IP number with each transmission. Use this command sparingly. It is useful for finding all the computers within a range of IP numbers. You can stop this process using the reset command. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section. ping hostid length interval incflag Where: ¥ hostid—Indicates the system you are querying, and can be either a DNS name or an IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format. ¥ length—Specifies the size of the data packet in bytes. The default is 16 bytes. ¥ interval—Indicates the pause in milliseconds between transmissions. ¥ incflag—Indicates the amount to increment the IP address with each transmission.

EXAMPLES The following example sends a ping to the host barbar. The information that displays as a result of the ping indicates that host barbar is at IP address 192.168.180.2, and that the round-trip time was 19 milliseconds. TAL> ping barbar 192.168.180.2 (19 ms)

TALnet Command Reference A-69 PING

The following example sends repeated pings to host nuhoa.aloha.net. The IP address for the host is 192.168.112.34. The pings are 100 milliseconds apart and contain 100 bytes of data. In the resulting display, rtt indicates the round-trip time, and mdev indicates the mean round-trip time deviation. TAL> ping nuhou.aloha.net 100 100 Resolving nuhou.aloha.net... Pinging nuhou.aloha.net (192.168.112.34); data 100 interval 100 ms: sent rcvd % rtt avg rtt mdev 1 1 100 110 110 0 2 2 100 55 103 14 3 3 100 55 97 23 4 4 100 110 99 21 5 5 100 55 94 27 6 6 100 110 96 24 8 7 88 110 98 22

The following example sends an initial ping to host theb.org. The IP address for this host is 192.168.129.130. The command specifies to send subsequent pings to incremental IP addresses. Because the ﬂag is set at 1, the IP addresses increment by 1. The resulting output lists the IP addresses you ping, the corresponding DNS names, and the round-trip time for the ping. TAL> ping theb.org 100 100 1 Resolving theb.org... Pinging theb.org (192.168.129.130); data 100 interval 100 ms: 192.168.129.130 theb.org. (110 ms) 192.168.129.131 taz.live105.com. (55 ms) 192.168.129.132 taz.apache.org. (330 ms) 192.168.129.133 cinagro.organic.com. (55 ms) 192.168.129.134 (55 ms)

SEE ALSO icmp, reset

A-70 TALnet Configuration Guide PROCESS

A.27 PROCESS

NAME process - Determines the status of TALnet operating system software tasks, called processes.

SYNOPSIS process [option]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION The process command allows you to view the state of processes (or tasks) running as part of the TALnet operating system software. The TALnet software switches between processes so quickly that all processes appear to run simultaneously. If you do not specify an argument, the process command lists all currently active processes within the TALnet operating system software.

OPTIONS check Allows the TALnet software to ensure that enough system memory is set aside to perform each process. Note, however, that enabling process checking might adversely affect system performance. process check [on | off] Where: ¥ on—Enables process checking. ¥ off—Disables process checking. status Shows the current status of all processes within the TALnet software. process status trace Allows you to monitor changes in the state of all process activity within the TALnet software. When enabled, the state of all processes (including task creation, sleep, wakeup, suspension, and deletion) is sent to the system log. See the log command description for more information on setting up and viewing the system log. process trace level

TALnet Command Reference A-71 PROCESS

Where: ¥ level—Is a number from 0 to 16 that indicates the state you want to trace:

0—Turns off process tracing. 1—Traces process creations, deletions, suspensions and restarts. 2—Traces alert messages to processes. 4—Traces each time the system switches to another process. 8—Traces each time a process is woken up by another process.

You can trace multiple state changes by adding the numbers together. For example, to trace process alert messages (2) and process switches (4), use a level code of 6.

EXAMPLES The following example shows sample output from the process status command: TAL> process status System up 5 days, 5 hours, 45 minutes, 2 seconds Interrupt stack: 562 (of 2048) bytes used. Sleeps: 68414363 waits, 36926970 nops. Wakeups: 19574643 signals, 15809563 woken, 3765080 nops, 2114 duplicates 12093253 queued, 7 max queued, 0 lost.

PID SP stksize maxstk event fl in out name 9a7c0010 eb9707b2 1024 253 992d002c IW telnet display 9a9e0010 ec990418 576 208 8dd10010 IW Discard server 9f3e0010 9efb03d8 512 80 80b82a9a IW iface idle 9c720010 9bef07d2 1024 474 80b8895a IW timer 9ee70010 89ba1e4e 0 0 9ecf002c IW console cmd 8dfd0010 8dda01aa 256 133 8be40010 IW Telnet port 9dbb0010 9d7803c4 512 311 9dc40010 IW console dsply. 8e610010 8e3e01ae 256 131 8c150010 IW Echo listener 90160010 8feb0254 320 46 98120054 IW scc0a out 99240010 98e203c6 500 194 80b88fa0 IW TALK manager 9be60010 9ae30fd0 2048 563 80b88930 IW network 9cea0010 9ca703d8 512 272 80b880a2 IW killer 9ada0010 9aa702ba 384 122 80b836b4 IW keyboard 8e930010 8e7001ae 256 131 8c2d0010 IW Discard port 9c9e0010 9c7b01da 256 43 80b80096 IW gcollect 9a850010 ec180690 1024 397 8e0e0010 IW tn keyboard 8ef20010 8eaf03cc 512 94 I ether0 out 9a730010 eb16042a 1024 573 I tn command 8ef20010 8eaf03cc 512 94 I ether0 out

The ﬁrst section of the output displays operating system statistics, as follows: ¥ Interrupt stack—Shows the amount of memory used by the operating system when handling special time-oriented tasks that interrupt the currently active process. The maximum value shows the maximum amount of memory available for this purpose. ¥ Sleeps—Shows the number of times a process has been put to sleep because it is waiting for other processes to ﬁnish (waits) or has no operations to perform (nops).

A-72 TALnet Configuration Guide PROCESS

¥ Wakeups—Shows the number of times a process has been wakened from sleep, and includes the following ﬁelds: — Signals—Shows how many times a process sent a signal to another process, trying to get its attention. — Woken—Shows how many times a signal succeeded. — Nops—Shows how many times a signal was ignored by a process. — Queued—Shows how many signals had to be set aside for later processing because the system was too busy. — Duplicates—Shows how many times a process that had already been wakened received a wakeup signal. — Max queued—Shows the maximum number of signal that were queued simultaneously. — Lost—Shows how many signals were lost because too many were queued or the system was too busy to respond. The process list that follows the operating system statistics shows information about each process in the system: ¥ PID—Stands for process ID, which is a unique hexadecimal number assigned to each process that identiﬁes the process to the TALnet operating system and other processes. ¥ SP—Stands for stack pointer, and shows the hexadecimal starting point in memory where the process stores temporary information needed to perform its tasks. ¥ Stksize—Shows how much memory is set aside for temporary information. ¥ Maxstk—Shows how much of the temporary memory has ever been used. (If this number approaches or exceeds the Stksize number, the system might become unstable. You can use the process check subcommand to automatically detect this condition.) ¥ Event—Shows the hexadecimal location in memory that other processes can reference to wake up the process. ¥ Fl—Stands for flags, and shows the current state of the process.This column can include any of the following: — I—Stands for interrupts, and is visible when the process can be interrupted by higher-priority tasks in the system. — W—Stands for waiting, and is visible when the process is asleep and waiting for the system or another process to wake it when system resources are available. — S—Stands for suspended, and shows that the process has been temporarily stopped. ¥ In and out—Show if any network traffic is currently waiting for the process. ¥ Name—Describes the process and its function.

SEE ALSO log

TALnet Command Reference A-73 PWD

A.28 PWD

NAME pwd - Displays the path of your current working directory.

SYNOPSIS pwd

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Read

DESCRIPTION The pwd command displays the full path of your current working directory. The pwd command behaves the same as the cd command without arguments.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES In the following example, the current working directory is D:/TAL: TAL> pwd D:/TAL

SEE ALSO cd

A-74 TALnet Configuration Guide REBOOT

A.29 REBOOT

NAME reboot - Reinitializes the router.

SYNOPSIS reboot

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The reboot command allows you to reboot, or fully reinitialize, the Wireless Router. You can issue the reboot command from a service console or through a Telnet session. When you issue the reboot command, you are asked to confirm that you want to reinitialize the Wireless Router. If you are connected to the router directly through a service console and you answer y, you receive the message “Reboot initiated,” the configuration file reloads, and the TALnet prompt (defined by the hostname command) displays on the console screen. When the reinitialization completes, you receive a startup banner; do not enter any commands until you receive this banner. If you are connected to the router from a directly attached service console, and system administrator privileges have been configured, you will be prompted for a username and password. See the user command description. If you are connected to the router through a Telnet session and you answer y, the configuration file is reloaded and the Telnet session ends. If you enter n when asked to confirm that you want to reinitialize the router, you receive the message “Reboot aborted” and return to the TALnet prompt (defined by the hostname command) and no reinitialization occurs.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES The following example illustrates the reboot command from a directly attached console session. Do not enter any commands until you receive the startup banner. TAL> reboot Reboot (y/n)? y Reboot initiated TAL> TALnet Release 2.0 Copyright 1992-1996 Tetherless Access Limited, All Rights Reserved. Compiled at TAL: Jun 26 1996, 15:24:55 Router Platform: SubSpace 2001 (rev1) Installed Features: Encryption, TALK, PPP, IP Routing.

TALnet Command Reference A-75 REBOOT

The following example illustrates what happens when you choose not to reinitialize the Wireless Router: TAL> reboot Reboot (y/n)? n Reboot aborted. TAL>

SEE ALSO exit

A-76 TALnet Configuration Guide RENAME

A.30 RENAME

NAME rename - Changes the name of a ﬁle.

SYNOPSIS rename old-ﬁle new-ﬁle

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Read, Write, Create

DESCRIPTION The rename command changes the name of a file. The argument old-file is the original filename. The argument new-file is the new name. You can also use the rename command to move a file from one directory to another. To move a file from another directory into your current working directory, include the directory path in the old-file argument. To move a file from your current working directory to another directory, include the directory path in the new-file argument. Note that you cannot rename files between logical drives. Unlike the copy command, the original file no longer exists when you use the rename command.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES The following example renames the existing talnet.exe ﬁle to a new ﬁle called talold.exe: TAL> rename talnet.exe talold.exe

The following example moves the ﬁle sample.cfg from the current working directory to the directory D:\TAL: TAL> rename sample.cfg D:\tal\sample.cfg

DIAGNOSTICS Usage: rename You issued the rename command, but did not use the correct syntax. Check that you included both the original filename (oldfile) and a new filename (newfile). Can't rename: No such file or directory The original file that you specified does not exist. Use the dir command to ensure that the file is in the current directory and that you are using the correct filename.

TALnet Command Reference A-77 RENAME

SEE ALSO copy, dir

A-78 TALnet Configuration Guide REPEAT

A.31 REPEAT

NAME repeat - Repeats a command on a speciﬁed interval.

SYNOPSIS repeat interval command

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION The repeat command reissues a command on a regular interval. The interval argument speciﬁes the pause in milliseconds between each repeated command execution. The interval argument must be at least 1000 milliseconds (1 second). The command argument is the actual command line you want to repeat. When you issue the repeat command, a new session labeled “Repeat” is created to display the output of the command you are repeating. In general, only use the repeat command with monitoring commands when you want to see how a state changes. Do not use the command with other commands that start their own session; for example, hop check or tip. To stop the repeated execution of a command, use the session command to identify the session index for the “Repeat” session. Then issue the reset command to remove the repeat session.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES The following example conﬁgures the Wireless Router to reissue the talk show neighbor command every 3000 milliseconds (3 seconds). A new session appears, displaying the output from the repeated talk show neighbor commands. TAL> repeat 3000 talk show neighbors

SEE ALSO reset, session

TALnet Command Reference A-79 RESET

A.32 RESET

NAME reset - Removes console sessions.

SYNOPSIS reset [session-index]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION Use the reset command to remove console sessions. A console session is a set of commands and output that are grouped together to form a logical service function. Sessions keep related data together on one screen, separate from other service functions. The service console itself is a session. New sessions are created automatically when you issue certain commands. The following commands create a new session separate from the main console session: ¥ domain cache list ¥ domain query ¥ ftp ¥ hop check ¥ linkmon ¥ loadgen ¥ log session ¥ ping (when used with an interval argument) ¥ repeat ¥ telnet ¥ tip ¥ trace ¥ udp send ¥ udp receive Use the reset command without any arguments to remove the most recently opened session. To remove a speciﬁc session, identify the session index with the session command, then use that number as the session-index argument to the reset command. Some of the commands that create new sessions have means for removing them directly, without using the reset command. See the command reference pages associated with those commands.

A-80 TALnet Configuration Guide RESET

OPTIONS None

SEE ALSO session

TALnet Command Reference A-81 RIP

A.33 RIP

NAME rip - Manages the parameters and tables associated with the Routing Information Protocol (RIP).

SYNOPSIS rip option

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The rip command displays or sets up the system parameters and tables associated with RIP Versions 1 and 2. RIP is an interior gateway protocol; in other words, it is a routing protocol that updates all routes within a single autonomous system, thus allowing routers within that autonomous system to communicate with other routers in that autonomous system. This command allows you to set up entries in RIP neighbor tables.

OPTIONS accept Accepts a previously refused RIP neighbor. rip accept hostid Where: ¥ hostid—Indicates the neighbor, and can be either a DNS name or an IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format.

A-82 TALnet Configuration Guide RIP

add Adds a new entry to the RIP neighbor table. rip add hostid [rip1 | rip1c | rip2 | split | us] [port] Where: ¥ hostid—Indicates the neighbor, and can be either a DNS name or an IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format. ¥ rip1—Specifies a RIP Version 1 (RIP-1) neighbor. ¥ rip1c—Specifies a neighbor that is compatible with RIP-1. ¥ rip2—Specifies a RIP Version 2 (RIP-2) neighbor. This is the default if you do not specify the type of neighbor. ¥ split—Specifies a RIP neighbor with split-horizon processing. ¥ us—Includes the local interface’s addresses into the response. ¥ port—Is an integer UDP port number for the RIP daemon. The default is 520 if you do not specify a port number for the RIP daemon. classless If you specify an argument, this command announces routes to foreign hosts and networks whose netmasks are not standard (they do not conform to RFC 1166). By default, this command is enabled. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays whether the feature is on or off. rip classless [boolean] Where: boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable. drop Removes an entry from the RIP neighbor table. rip drop hostid Where: ¥ hostid—Indicates the neighbor, and can be either a DNS name or an IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format. merge If you specify an argument, this command merges redundant routing information by removing more-specific entries to the same destination. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays whether the feature is on or off. rip merge [boolean] Where: ¥ boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable.

TALnet Command Reference A-83 RIP

refuse Rejects RIP exchanges to or from a node. rip refuse hostid Where: ¥ hostid—Indicates the neighbor, and can be either a DNS name or an IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format. request Sends out a RIP request datagram to a RIP node. rip request hostid [version] [port] Where: ¥ hostid—Indicates the neighbor, and can be either a DNS name or an IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format. ¥ version—Indicates either RIP-1 or RIP-2, expressed as an integer. If you do not specify a version number, the default is RIP-2. ¥ port—Is a UDP port number for the RIP daemon, expressed as an integer. If you do not specify a port number, the default is 520. status Displays the RIP status counters and the neighbor table. rip status trace If you specify an argument, this command changes the trace level for RIP activities. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the RIP trace level. rip trace [mask] Where: ¥ mask—Is a trace number expressed as an integer indicating the debugging level of RIP processes.

EXAMPLES TAL> rip status RIP: sent 1 rcvd 1 reqst 0 resp 0 unk 0 refused 0 Active RIP output interfaces: Dest Addr Iface Split Us Version 192.168.180.254 ether0 FALSE FALSE RIP2 192.168.180.8 ether0 FALSE FALSE RIP1c

DIAGNOSTICS Unknown host The IP address could not be resolved. RIP unknown option??? Unknown option for the rip subcommand.

A-84 TALnet Configuration Guide RIP

SEE ALSO route

TALnet Command Reference A-85 RMDIR

A.34 RMDIR

NAME rmdir - Deletes a directory.

SYNOPSIS rmdir directory-name

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Write

DESCRIPTION The rmdir command allows you to delete, or remove, a directory specified by the directory-name argument. You can only delete one directory at a time, and the directory you attempt to delete must not contain any files or directories. To remove files within a directory, use the delete command. You can delete a directory in another location by including the path in the directory name.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES The following example deletes the directory sample: TAL> rmdir sample

DIAGNOSTICS Usage: rmdir You issued the rmdir command, but either did not include a directory name, or the directory you specified does not exist in your current working directory. Use the dir command to list the contents of the current directory. Can't rmdir: Permission denied The directory you tried to delete includes files. You must delete the contents of a directory before you can delete the directory itself. Can’t rmdir: No such file or directory The directory you tried to delete does not exist. Verify that you used the correct directory name.

A-86 TALnet Configuration Guide RMDIR

SEE ALSO delete, dir, mkdir, user

TALnet Command Reference A-87 ROUTE

A.35 ROUTE

NAME route - Manages the IP routing table.

SYNOPSIS route [option]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The route command displays or manipulates the IP routing table. You can create a routing table yourself, or it can be built dynamically using the RIP daemon. This command allows you to set up or update the IP routing entries for both network and host routes. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the routing table.

OPTIONS add Adds a new entry into the IP routing table. route add {dest-ip-addr[/bits] | default} iface [gateway [metric]] Where: ¥ dest-ip-addr—Indicates the target IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format. ¥ /bits—Is a slash followed by an integer indicating the number of effective subnet mask bits. ¥ default—Deﬁnes a default route. ¥ iface—Is the symbolic interface name that indicates the interface through which the datagram is routed. ¥ gateway—Indicates the target router, and is an IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format, or none. Use the none keyword when you do not want to specify a target router but do want to specify a hop count. ¥ metric—Is an integer indicating the hop count to the destination.

A-88 TALnet Configuration Guide ROUTE

addprivate Adds a private entry into the IP routing table. Private entries are not exchanged by RIP daemons, so they are not propagated to other routing tables in the network. route addprivate {dest-ip-addr[/bits] | default} iface [gateway metric] See the description of the route add command for argument definitions. drop Removes an entry from the IP routing table. route drop dest-ip-addr[/bits] See the description of the route add command for argument definitions. flush Flushes the whole routing table except local network routes. route flush lookup Finds a route entry to a specific destination. route lookup dest-ip-addr Where: ¥ dest-ip-addr—Indicates the target IP address, and can be a DNS name or an IP address expressed in four-part dotted decimal format.

EXAMPLES TAL> route Dest Len Interface Gateway metric P Timer Use 255.255.255.255 32 ether0 1 P 0 0 192.168.180.0 24 ether0 1 0 2 default 0 ether0 192.168.180.1 1 P 0 3

DIAGNOSTICS Unknown host The IP address could not be resolved. Host ??? unreachable The IP address could not be reached. Interface ??? unknown Unknown interface name. Can't add route An attempt to add a new route failed.

SEE ALSO rip

TALnet Command Reference A-89 SESSION

A.36 SESSION

NAME session - Displays or manipulates console sessions.

SYNOPSIS session [session-index]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION Use the session command to view information about current console sessions or to switch to a different session. A console session is a set of commands and output that are grouped together to form a logical service function. Sessions keep related data together on one screen, separate from other service functions. The service console itself is a session. New sessions are created automatically when you type certain commands.The following commands create a new session separate from the main console session: ¥ domain cache list ¥ domain query ¥ ftp ¥ hop check ¥ linkmon ¥ loadgen ¥ log session ¥ ping (when used with an interval option) ¥ repeat ¥ telnet ¥ tip ¥ trace ¥ udp receive ¥ up send

Note Do not create more than eight sessions at one time.

A-90 TALnet Configuration Guide SESSION

Use the session command without any arguments to view information about current sessions. Then you can use the session index (the ﬁrst column of data displayed) to switch to that session, using the session [session-index] form of the command. You can also switch between sessions by entering Ctrl-w. To close a session, use the reset command.

OPTIONS None

SEE ALSO reset

TALnet Command Reference A-91 SNMP

A.37 SNMP

NAME snmp - Conﬁgures support for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).

SYNOPSIS snmp community add community access snmp community delete community snmp community show {community | all} snmp syscontact [name] snmp syslocation [description]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION SNMP is an application-layer network management protocol that allows you to send queries to or set variables on network devices such as routers. SNMP consists of three elements: ¥ SNMP manager—A network management client program that requests or sets information. SNMP managers run on Network Management Stations (NMSs). ¥ SNMP agent—A software module on a managed network device, such as a router. The agent contains information the manager can monitor or change, and sends traps to the manager that alert the manager when network conditions change. ¥ Management Information Base (MIB)—A repository on the managed network device that contains performance and administrative information about that device. The MIB defines variables maintained by the agent that the manager can request or set. (MIB also refers to the document that describes the information that can be read or set on a managed device.) SNMP supports the following operations: ¥ Get-request—The SNMP manager sends a request to the agent, asking for a value from a specific variable. ¥ Get-next-request—The SNMP manager sends a request to the agent, asking for a value of the variable following the named variable. Get-next requests are useful for traversing entire branches of a MIB database. ¥ Set-request—The SNMP manager sends a value for a specific variable to the agent to store. ¥ Get-response—The SNMP agent replies to the Get or Get-next request. ¥ Trap—The SNMP agent sends an unsolicited message to the manager, alerting the manager that a condition on the network has changed.

A-92 TALnet Configuration Guide SNMP

Note The current version of the TALnet software does not support trap operations. Set operations are only valid for the current session. In addition, the software does not support SNMPv2 get-bulk-request operations.

OPTIONS community add Defines a community string and the associated access to the SNMP agent. When network managers send SNMP requests to an agent, they specify the community they belong to. You must define at least one community before you can start the SNMP agent process. snmp community add community access Where: ¥ community—Specifies the community name, and can be a single word using uppercase and lowercase letters and numbers. ¥ access—Indicates the level of access members of that community have, and can be either read-write or read-only. Communities with read-only access can only perform get-request and get-next-request operations. Communities with read-write access can also perform set-request operations. community delete Removes the specified community from the list of accepted communities. You cannot remove all communities if SNMP is currently running. To remove all communities, first stop SNMP with the stop snmp command. snmp community delete community Where: ¥ community—Specifies the community you want to delete, and is the community name defined with the snmp community add subcommand. community show Shows the specified community or all defined communities and their associated access. snmp community show {community | all} Where: ¥ community—Specifies a single community, and is a community name defined with the snmp community add subcommand. ¥ all—Specifies all defined communities.

TALnet Command Reference A-93 SNMP

syscontact Configures the SNMP agent to return the system contact information on queries from management stations. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the currently configured system contact variable. snmp syscontact [name] Where: ¥ name—Sets the value of the SNMP variable system.sysContact.0 to the specified string, and can include uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and spaces. syslocation Configures the SNMP agent to return the system location information to queries from management stations. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the currently configured location variable. snmp syslocation [description] Where: ¥ description—Sets the value of the SNMP variable system.sysLocation.0 to the specified string, and can include uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and spaces.

EXAMPLES The following example deﬁnes a community named public that has read-only access. Network managers who belong to this community can only perform get-request or get-next-request operations. TAL> snmp community add public read-only

In the following example, the first line defines the system contact as John Doe. The second line requests the currently defined system contact. TAL> snmp syscontact John Doe

TAL> snmp syscontact John Doe

In the following example, the first line defines the system location as in the Machine Hall, in rack 2B. The second line requests the currently defined system location. TAL> snmp syslocation Machine Hall, rack 2B

TAL> snmp syslocation Machine Hall, rack 2B

SEE ALSO start, stop

A-94 TALnet Configuration Guide START

A.38 START

NAME start - Enables server processes that provide various services within the TALnet software.

SYNOPSIS start option

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The start command allows you to enable optional servers that process service requests. To disable these servers, use the stop command.

OPTIONS discard Starts the discard server. This server receives packets but does nothing with them. This is useful for testing network connections. A remote host can connect to the discard server and send packets; the packets themselves are discarded, but the effects of their transmission and routing can be observed using other monitoring commands. start discard echo Starts the echo server. This server responds to Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo datagrams, which are usually generated by the ping facility. This is useful for testing network connections, as well as testing whether hosts and routers are able to respond to simple messages. start echo ftp Starts the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server, which implements part of FTP. This server responds to incoming connections from a remote FTP client. The FTP client and server pair are used to transfer ﬁles between hosts. This server must be enabled before FTP connections can be made to the router. start ftp

TALnet Command Reference A-95 START

rip Starts the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) process. This dynamic routing protocol allows the router to exchange information with other routers regarding the state of routes through the network. start rip [secs] Where: ¥ secs—Speciﬁes the interval in seconds between transmissions of the routing table to other routers. The default is 30. snmp Starts the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent process, which processes incoming SNMP requests. SNMP requests are operations on important conﬁguration, performance, and error data. start snmp telnet Starts the Telnet server, which implements a remote access login protocol. This server responds to incoming connections from a remote Telnet client. The Telnet client and server pair provide remote control for service and support functions. This server must be enabled before Telnet connections can be made to the router. start telnet

SEE ALSO stop

A-96 TALnet Configuration Guide STOP

A.39 STOP

NAME stop - Disables server processes that provide various services within the TALnet software.

SYNOPSIS stop option

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The stop command allows you to disable optional servers that process various service requests. To enable these servers, use the start command.

OPTIONS discard Stops the discard server. This server receives packets but does nothing with them. This is useful for testing network connections. A remote host can connect to the discard server and send packets; the packets themselves are discarded, but the effects of their transmission and routing can be observed using other monitoring commands. stop discard echo Stops the echo server. This server responds to Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo datagrams, which are usually generated by the ping facility. This is useful for testing network connections, as well as testing whether hosts and routers are able to respond to simple messages. stop echo ftp Stops the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server, which implements part of FTP. This server responds to incoming connections from a remote FTP client. The FTP client and server pair are used to transfer ﬁles between hosts. stop ftp rip Stops the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) process. This dynamic routing protocol allows the router to exchange information with other routers regarding the state of routes through the network.

stop rip

TALnet Command Reference A-97 STOP

snmp Stops the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent process, which processes incoming SNMP requests. SNMP requests are operations on important conﬁguration, performance, and error data. stop snmp telnet Stops the Telnet server, which implements a remote access login protocol. This server responds to incoming connections from a remote Telnet client. The Telnet client and server pair provide remote control for service and support functions. stop telnet

SEE ALSO start

A-98 TALnet Configuration Guide TALK DEBUG

A.40 TALK DEBUG

NAME talk debug - Manages TALtalk protocol debugging.

SYNOPSIS talk debug {all | errors | events | neighbors | packets | states | quality} [off]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The talk debug command allows you to view information that might help optimize or provide insight into the operation of your wireless network.

DEBUG OPTIONS all Enables or disables all possible debugging information. talk debug all [off] errors Enables or disables debugging of all serious protocol errors and violations. talk debug errors [off] events Enables or disables debugging of major TALtalk protocol events. talk debug events [off] neighbors Enables or disables logging and debugging of adjacent radio events such as a radio being discovered or abandoned. talk debug neighbors [off] packets Enables or disables logging of all packets sent and received by the TALtalk protocol. Use this option with caution; on a busy network, many console messages might be generated. talk debug packets [off]

TALnet Command Reference A-99 TALK DEBUG

states Enables or disables logging of all TALtalk protocol software state transitions. This might be helpful to TAL personnel to verify proper software operation. talk debug states [off] quality Enables or disables logging of information about the Link Quality Reporting (LQR) protocol. This information might be helpful to verify proper software operation. talk debug quality [off]

SEE ALSO log, talk radio, talk show, talk tune

A-100 TALnet Configuration Guide TALK RADIO

A.41 TALK RADIO

NAME talk radio - Initializes, conﬁgures, and manages wireless radio interfaces.

SYNOPSIS talk radio iface-name option

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The talk radio command allows you to initialize, configure, and modify wireless radio interfaces that use the TALtalk protocol. Before a wireless interface can function, you must provide the following basic configuration information: ¥ Interface name—The interface name lets you refer to wireless interfaces with familiar names that are appropriate to your network environment. ¥ TALtalk address—The TALtalk link-layer address is an 8-digit hexadecimal number beginning with the characters 0x. Hexadecimal numbers use digits between 0 and 9 and uppercase or lowercase letters between A and F. For example, 0x41544D31 and 0x00000001 are valid TALtalk addresses. TALtalk addresses are usually assigned by a site coordinator, TAL, or a central authority serving your area. ¥ Transmission frequency—Wireless interfaces must have specific radio frequencies assigned to them. This must be the same frequency used by other radios in your wireless network. ¥ Transmission power level—The power level controls the strength of the radio transmission. This value should be set to the lowest possible setting that provides good data service. ¥ Pseudorandom noise (PN) code—TALtalk wireless interfaces provide eight PN codes (also called spreading codes) to encode network data for transmission. All radios in your wireless network must use the same PN code.

TALnet Command Reference A-101 TALK RADIO

OPTIONS address Assigns a name and TALtalk address to a wireless interface. This command also initializes the serial communications controller used by the router to communicate with the attached radio. You must issue this command before you issue any other talk radio commands. talk radio iface-name address talk-address [model {L | S}] config scc [I/O-base IRQ receive-DMA transmit-DMA] Where: ¥ iface-name—Assigns a symbolic name to the interface. The name can include hyphens, numbers, and uppercase and lowercase letters, but must be one word. Use a meaningful name; we recommend radio1 or radio2. ¥ address talk-address—Associates the symbolic interface name with the synchronous serial device. The address is the TALtalk link-layer address, which is usually assigned by your site coordinator, TAL, or a central authority. The address is an 8-digit hexadecimal number preceded by the characters 0x. For example, 0x41544D31 and 0x00000001 are valid TALtalk addresses. ¥ model {L | S}—Specifies the band in which the radio operates. L-band radios operate in the 902- to 928-MHz frequency range. S-band radios operate in the 2400- to 2483.5-MHz frequency range. If you do not specify the radio model, the router assumes you are configuring an L-band model. ¥ config scc—Initializes the synchronous serial device used by the router to communicate with the wireless interface. ¥ I/O-base—Is a number that tells the system how to address the SCC device. This number must match the default jumper and switch settings on the device itself. This value is predefined for you in the configuration file and should not be changed—you only need to enter this argument if you are configuring two wireless interfaces. ¥ IRQ—Is a number that tells the system on which interrupt request line to expect interrupts for the SCC device. This number must match the jumper settings on the device itself. This value is predefined for you in the configuration file and should not be changed—you only need to enter this argument if you are configuring two wireless interfaces. ¥ receive-DMA—Is a number that tells the system on which Direct Memory Address (DMA) channel to receive data.This number must match the jumper settings on the device itself. This value is predefined for you in the configuration file and should not be changed—you only need to enter this argument if you are configuring two wireless interfaces.

A-102 TALnet Configuration Guide TALK RADIO

¥ transmit-DMA—Is a number that tells the system on which DMA channel to send data. This number must match the jumper settings on the device itself.This value is predefined for you in the configuration file and should not be changed—you only need to enter this argument if you are configuring two wireless interfaces. analyze Analyzes the received signal strength (RSS) of packets from transmitters. The receiving Wireless Router determines the average RSS for incoming data packets. If you do not specify the on or off keyword, the current state of RSS sampling displays. To view the averages, use the talk show rss command. talk radio iface-name analyze rss [on | off] Where: ¥ iface-name—Represents the symbolic name of the wireless interface you are analyzing. This name is the one you assigned with the talk radio address command. ¥ on—Turns on the RSS analysis feature. ¥ off—Turns off the RSS analysis feature. auto-neighbor Sets up dynamic routing so that new neighbors are automatically added to or removed from the RIP neighbor table. The neighbor table does not automatically update by default. If you do not specify the on or off keyword, the status of this feature displays. talk radio iface-name auto-neighbor [on | off] Where: ¥ on—Enables automatic neighbor updates. ¥ off—Disables automatic neighbor updates. channel Assigns the radio frequency, output power, and PN code to a wireless interface. Use the same interface name specified in the address subcommand. The channel-name can be any familiar name to help you refer to the radio channel when using other TALtalk commands. Available frequencies and power settings are outlined in the AVAILABLE FREQUENCIES, CHANNELS, AND POWER SETTINGS section. talk radio iface-name channel channel-name config {MHZ frequency | number channel-num} MW power PN code Where: ¥ iface-name—Represents the symbolic name of the wireless interface you are configuring. This name is the one you assigned with the talk radio address command. ¥ channel channel-name—Assigns a symbolic name to the channel.

TALnet Command Reference A-103 TALK RADIO

¥ MHZ frequency—Configures the frequency on which the radio will operate. The frequency value is specified in megahertz (MHz), and must be the same for all radios within your wireless network. This keyword and argument and the number channel-num keyword and argument both set the frequency. Do not use both keyword-argument pairs. See Table A-2 for available frequencies and associated channel numbers. ¥ number channel-num—Is the number of the channel associated with the frequency. The channel-num value can be an integer between 1 and 9 on L-band radios and between 1 and 15 on S-band radios. The channel number must be the same for all radios within your wireless network. This keyword and argument and the MHZ frequency keyword and argument both set the frequency. Do not use both keyword-argument pairs. See Table A-2 for channel numbers and frequencies. ¥ MW power—Configures the power level at which the radio will transmit. The power value should be the lowest possible setting that provides reliable data transmission, and should be determined during your link analysis. Specify the power in milliwatts (mW). See Table A-3 for available power settings. ¥ PN code—Specifies one of eight PN codes the radio will use to encode data for network transmission. The code value can be an integer between 1 and 8; all radios in your network must use the same code. ip-address Specifies the IP address to be used for the named wireless interface. talk radio iface-name ip-address ip-addr Where: ¥ iface-name—Represents the symbolic name of the wireless interface you are configuring. This name is the one you assigned with the talk radio address command. ¥ ip-address ip-addr—Binds the IP address to the wireless interface. The IP address is expressed in four-part dotted decimal format; for example 192.168.185.79. neighbor Configures the Wireless Router to allow or disallow individual {allow | neighboring routers. disallow} talk radio iface-name neighbor {allow | disallow} talk-address Where: ¥ iface-name—Represents the symbolic name of the wireless interface you are configuring. This name is the one you assigned with the talk radio address command. ¥ allow—Indicates that the router you are configuring should allow the specified neighbor to send it information.

A-104 TALnet Configuration Guide TALK RADIO

¥ disallow—Indicates that the router you are configuring should not receive information sent by the specified neighbor. Use this option to disallow a previously allowed neighbor. ¥ talk-address—Is the TALtalk link-layer address of the neighboring transmitter. neighbor Configures the Wireless Router to ignore or hear neighboring transmitters. {ignore | hear} For example, if a neighboring transmitter is powerful enough for your local router to hear it, but not powerful enough to provide quality data service, you might want to ignore the neighboring transmitter. This is an advanced command, and should be used with caution. talk radio iface-name neighbor {ignore | hear} talk-address Where: ¥ iface-name—Represents the symbolic name of the wireless interface you are configuring. This name is the one you assigned with the talk radio address command. ¥ ignore—Indicates that the router you are configuring should ignore data from the specified neighbor. ¥ hear—Indicates that the router you are configuring should listen to data from the specified neighbor. Use this option to reverse a previously ignored neighbor. ¥ talk-address—Is the TALtalk link-layer address of the neighboring transmitter. neighbor MW Specifies the transmit power on a per-link basis; in other words, you can increase or decrease the transmit power to a specific neighbor. Modifying the power on a per-link basis is usually done as a result of an RSS analysis on the receiving Wireless Router. talk radio iface-name neighbor talk-address MW {power | default} Where: ¥ iface-name—Represents the symbolic name of the wireless interface you are configuring. This name is the one you assigned with the talk radio address command. ¥ neighbor talk-address—Identifies the link on which you are changing the power. The talk-address argument is the TALtalk link-layer address of the neighboring transmitter. ¥ MW power—Configures the power level at which the radio will transmit. Specify the power in milliwatts (mW). See Table A-3 for available power settings. ¥ default—Returns the transmission power to the specified neighbor to the default level for that radio. The power set with the command talk radio channel is the default transmission power.

TALnet Command Reference A-105 TALK RADIO

EXAMPLES TAL> talk radio radio1 address 0x54532123 config scc 0x380 TAL> talk radio radio1 channel one config MHZ 925.397 PN 7 MW 10 TAL> talk radio radio1 ip-address 192.168.180.0 TAL> talk radio radio1 neighbor allow 0x23124323 TAL> talk radio radio1 neighbor ignore 0x28180935 TAL> talk radio scc0a neighbor 0x11223344 MW 200

AVAILABLE FREQUENCIES, CHANNELS, AND POWER SETTINGS Table A-2 lists available transmission frequencies for L-band and S-band radios.

Table A-2 Transmission Frequency Channels

Channel L-Band S-Band 1 904.601 2407.067 2 907.201 2412.265 3 909.801 2417.465 4 912.401 2422.663 5 915.000 2427.863 6 917.599 2433.060 7 920.199 2438.259 8 922.798 2443.457 9 925.397 2448.659 10 — 2453.857 11 — 2459.056 12 — 2464.254 13 — 2469.454 14 — 2474.653 15 — 2479.851

A-106 TALnet Configuration Guide TALK RADIO

Table A-3 lists power settings for L-band and S-band radios.

Table A-3 Power Settings

L-Band S-Band mW dBm mW dBm 10 10 3 4.8 3 4.8 7 8.5 7 8.5 10 10 10 10 17 12.3 17 12.3 23 13.6 23 13.6 32 15 32 15 45 16.5 45 16.5 66 18.2 66 18.2 77 18.9 77 18.9 88 19.4 88 19.4 100 20 100 20 111 20.5 111 20.5 144 21.6 144 21.6 166 22.2 166 22.2 188 22.7 188 22.7 202 23.1 202 23.1 222 23.5 222 23.5 250 24 250 24 277 24.4 271 24.3 303 24.8 293 24.7 333 25.2 314 25 377 25.8 336 25.3 411 26.1 357 25.6 444 26.5 378 25.8 500 27 400 26 555 27.4 442 26.5 599 27.8 483 26.8 655 28.2 525 27.2 699 28.4 566 27.5 755 28.8 608 27.8 800 29 650 28.1

TALnet Command Reference A-107 TALK RADIO

DIAGNOSTICS Radio ‘name’ already exists. You attempted to assign a TALtalk address to a radio that already exists. Radio ‘name’ has not been defined yet. Please configure it, using the ‘address’ command. You attempted to assign channel information to a radio that has not been named yet. Use the address subcommand to assign the radio a name. Expecting talk radio . You entered a talk radio command, but did not include either an address keyword (to specify the device driver) or a channel keyword. Missing device driver or channel specification. You entered the talk radio address subcommand, but did not specify config scc. Missing radio model specification. When you entered a talk radio address subcommand with the model keyword, you did not specify the actual radio model. You must enter either L or S. The configuration will assume that you are configuring an L-band radio until you revise the command. WARNING: Unsupported radio model: 'string', defaulting to L When you entered the talk radio address subcommand, you entered an invalid string following the model keyword. You must enter either L or S. The configuration will assume that you are configuring an L-band radio until you revise the command. Expecting radio subcommand 'string'. You entered an invalid keyword in the talk radio address or talk radio channel subcommand. Unknown radio subcommand. Expecting 'config' or 'delete' You entered a talk radio address or talk radio channel subcommand, but did not enter the keyword config or delete. Missing channel config commands. You entered a talk radio channel subcommand but did not enter any keywords to configure the channel. String is an invalid frequency. The string of text you supplied for the frequency is not a valid argument. Refer to Table A-2 for valid frequencies. Malformed decimal number string You supplied an invalid value after the decimal point when setting the frequency. Refer to Table A-2 for valid frequencies. Number.number is not a valid frequency. The value you supplied as an argument to the MHZ keyword is not a valid frequency. Refer to Table A-2 for valid frequencies.

A-108 TALnet Configuration Guide TALK RADIO

No more than one 'MHZ' or 'number' command per channel You attempted to supply more than one frequency setting or channel number setting by issuing both the MHz and number keywords or repeating these keyword and argument pairs. Must specify a frequency for this channel. You did not assign a frequency with the MHz keyword or a frequency channel with the number keyword. You must supply one or the other. Valid channel numbers for this radio are from 1 thru 9. When configuring an L-band radio, the argument you supplied to the number keyword was not a number from 1 to 9. Valid channel numbers for this radio are from 1 thru 15. When configuring an S-band radio, the argument you supplied to the number keyword was not a number from 1 to 15. No more than one 'PN' selection per channel You attempted to assign more than one PN code to a channel. PN Codes are values from 1 thru 8. The argument you supplied to the PN keyword is not a number from 1 to 8. Must specify a PN code for this channel. You did not assign a PN code with the PN keyword. Expecting a whole number, but got “string” instead. You entered an argument to the MW keyword that includes characters that are not numbers. If the configuration file defines the power to be 1 milliwatt, the router will reset the power to 45 milliwatts. If the configuration file sets any other power level, that power level is used. Power cannot be given as a negative number. You entered an invalid number as an argument to the MW keyword. Revise the command with one of the values in Table A-3. Please use a number less than or equal to 800 milliwatts. Power has been set to the maximum of 800 milliwatts. On an L-band radio, you attempted to specify a power that is higher than 800 mW. Refer to Table A-3 for valid values. Until you revise the command, the maximum power setting of 800 mW will be used. Please use a number less than or equal to 650 milliwatts. Power has been set to the maximum of 650 milliwatts. On an S-band radio, you attempted to specify a power that is higher than 650 mW. Refer to Table A-3 for valid values. Until you revise the command, the maximum power setting of 650 mW will be used. No more than one 'MW' power selection per channel You entered the keyword MW more than once in a talk radio channel subcommand.

TALnet Command Reference A-109 TALK RADIO

Must specify power output for this channel. When you entered the talk radio channel subcommand, you did not enter the keyword-and-argument pair MW power. Cannot add neighbor to 'ignore' table. No memory. You attempted to conﬁgure the Wireless Router to ignore a speciﬁc neighbor, but did not have enough memory. Before you may add another radio, you must supply an IP address for the last radio you added. Specify the IP address for the last radio you added using the talk radio ip-address command.

SEE ALSO talk debug, talk show, talk tune

A-110 TALnet Configuration Guide TALK SHOW

A.42 TALK SHOW

NAME talk show - Manages TALtalk protocol statistics.

SYNOPSIS talk show allowﬁlters talk show debug talk show ignoreﬁlters talk show neighbors [verbose] talk show quality talk-address interval talk show radio talk show rss [talk-address] talk show timers

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The talk show command allows you to view information that might help optimize or provide insight into the operation of your wireless network.

OPTIONS allowfilters Displays a table of all neighboring Wireless Routers that are explicitly allowed to contact this router. You can allow routers to contact your router using the talk radio neighbor allow command. talk show allowfilters debug Shows which parts of the TALtalk protocol are presently generating debugging information. talk show debug ignorefilters Displays a table of all neighboring Wireless Routers that are ignored when they attempt to contact this router. You can set your router to ignore specific routers with the talk radio neighbor ignore command.

talk show ignoreﬁlters

TALnet Command Reference A-111 TALK SHOW

neighbors Shows statistics about the remote radios that this router is capable of transmitting to or receiving from. The verbose option displays even more information about these neighbors. talk show neighbors [talk-address] [verbose] Where: ¥ talk-address—Is the TALtalk link-layer address of the neighboring transmitter. If you do not specify a neighbor, this command shows information for all neighbors. If you do not specify this argument, all neighbors display. quality Displays information about the quality of the link between two neighboring radios, including packet information and received signal strength (RSS) readings. This command compares and displays information from a neighboring radio with the local radio’s information at set intervals. talk show quality talk-address interval Where: ¥ talk-address—Represents the TALtalk link-layer address of the neighboring transmitter. ¥ interval—Represents the interval in seconds between information updates. Information can be updated and redisplayed at intervals anywhere from 15 seconds to 1800 seconds. radio Displays currently conﬁgured radio parameters (radio model, channel number, frequency, default and per-link power settings, and PN code): talk show radio rss Shows the accumulated results of the RSS analysis performed with the talk radio analyze command. talk show rss [talk-address] Where: ¥ talk-address—Is the TALtalk link-layer address of the neighboring transmitter. If you do not specify a neighbor, this command shows the average RSS for all neighbors that you analyzed. timers Shows information about the various timing values the TALtalk protocol is currently using. talk show timers

A-112 TALnet Configuration Guide TALK SHOW

RECEIVED SIGNAL STRENGTH TABLE Table A-4 shows the digital RSS value that appears in the output of the talk show rss command, and relates that value to the signal quality. (Note that exact values might vary.) Ideally, the signal quality should be high enough to allow an average BER of 10-6 or lower.

Table A-4 Received Signal Strength (RSS)

DC Voltage at the Digital RSS Value Signal Quality RSS in dBm RSS Test Point in Decimal (Average BER) (Interference Free) 7.5 192 <10-10 >-70 7.0 179 <10-10 >-70 6.5 166 <10-10 >-70 6.0 154 <10-10 -70 5.5 141 <10-10 -88 5.0 128 10-7 -94 4.5 115 10-6 -95 4.0 102 10-5 -98 3.5 90 10-4 -100 3.0 77 10-3 -101 2.51 64 10-3 -102 2.01 51 10-2 -103 1.51 38 10-2 -105 1. Occasional sync loss

EXAMPLES The following example shows the currently conﬁgured radio parameters: TAL> talk show radio Radio radio0: Model L, operating on channel 9 (925.397 MHz) with PN code 7. Default power output is 1 milliwatt

Custom power settings are used to talk to the following neighbors: 11 22 33 44 at 800 milliwatts 55 66 77 88 at 500 milliwatts

TALnet Command Reference A-113 TALK SHOW

The following example lists all neighbors: TAL> talk show neighbors TALK address: PRT1 (on radio0) Idle state, 0 in send queue, 0 active neighbors sent last hello 10 seconds ago. Outgoing transaction ID: 0. Incoming ID: 0.

OCTETS OUTPUT DIALOGS Neighbor State Input Output Attempts Failed Last Data ------00 11 52 13 Good 196 124 2 0 0+00:01:07

The following example displays all Wireless Router neighbors, and provides more-detailed information about the radio links to these neighbors. TAL> talk show neighbors verbose TALK address: 11 22 33 44 (on radio0) Idle state, 1 active neighbor 0 in transmit queue, 0 queue overflows. 30 in header cache, sent last hello 10 seconds ago. Outgoing transaction ID: 147. Incoming ID: 0.

Currently no ignored neighbors. Table authentication is not enabled.

Neighbors: Neighbor at 11 22 33 99 became 'Good' 1 day, 56 minutes, 9 seconds ago. 0 transitions to 'suspect' state. IP peer has been found.

Output: 734802 requests, 0 dialog failures, 0 system errs 85590804 bytes, 63069 cfm timeouts, 3 ack timeouts 0 bad control ids, 0 attempts while inhibited Input: 741825 requests, 734803 completions 1143258486 bytes, 0 bad control ids, 30 data timeouts

The following example shows the RSS for neighboring Wireless Routers 11 22 33 99 and 11 22 33 77. The signal strength for 11 22 33 99 is 192. Note that, according to Table A-4, this is equivalent to a BER of less than 10-10. TAL> talk show rss RSS information for radio0:

Neighbor Strength Notes ------11 22 33 99 192 11 22 33 77 0 Not enough samples-- need more traffic.

SEE ALSO talk debug, talk radio, talk tune

A-114 TALnet Configuration Guide TALK TUNE

A.43 TALK TUNE

NAME talk tune - Allows you to manipulate link-layer acknowledgments.

SYNOPSIS talk tune acks [iface-name {on | off}]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The talk tune command allows you to turn link-layer acknowledgments on or off on a per-radio basis (on is the default setting). If you enable link-layer acknowledgments, the receiving node must acknowledge every frame it receives. If the sending node does not receive an acknowledgment, it resends the frame. The iface-name argument is the symbolic name for the radio interface you are conﬁguring. If you specify the talk tune acks command without any arguments, the status of link-layer acknowledgments on all radios displays.

Caution If you turn link-layer acknowledgments off or on, you must turn them off or on for all Wireless Routers that communicate within your internetwork.

SEE ALSO talk debug, talk radio, talk show

TALnet Command Reference A-115 TCP

A.44 TCP

NAME tcp - Conﬁgures and manages Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) parameters.

SYNOPSIS tcp option

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The tcp command allows you to conﬁgure and manage parameters associated with TCP. TCP is a connection-oriented transport-layer protocol that provides reliable transport of data from one application to another. TCP breaks messages into packets and provides timeout services, but relies on IP to transmit packets across internetwork. TCP uses standard IP addresses and also a per-host collection of port addresses. Therefore, each address contains an IP number and a port number. TCP assumes IP to be unreliable. To combat this, it uses a windowing ﬂow-control device. It uses positive acknowledgments (ACKs), sequence numbers (SYNs), and retransmission to enable TCP to recover when bad data occurs.

OPTIONS ceiling Sets the maximum round-trip time (rtt) in milliseconds. This command is useful for specifying when TCP SYNs time out and data must be retransmitted. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current value. tcp ceiling [ms] Where: ¥ ms—Is the maximum round-trip time in milliseconds (ms). If you do not set this round-trip time, the default is 120,000 ms (120 seconds). floor Sets the minimum round-trip time in milliseconds. This command allows you to keep the system from flooding the other end of the TCP connection with data or retransmissions. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current value. tcp floor [ms] Where: ¥ ms—Is the minimum round-trip time in milliseconds. If you do not set this round-trip time, the default is 500 ms (0.5 seconds).

A-116 TALnet Configuration Guide TCP

irtt Sets the initial round-trip time estimate, in milliseconds, to be used for new TCP connections until they can measure and adapt to the actual value. Increasing the initial round-trip time when operating over slow channels will avoid the flurry of retransmissions that would otherwise occur as the smoothed estimate settles down at the correct value. To affect incoming connections, issue this command before servers are started. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current value. tcp irtt [ms] Where: ¥ ms—Is the initial round-trip time in milliseconds. If you do not set this round-trip time, the default is 120,000 ms (120 seconds). kick If there is unacknowledged data on the send queue of the specified transmission control block, this command forces an immediate retransmission. kick tcb Where: ¥ tcb—Is the identification number of the transmission control block. limit Sets the outgoing window limit in bytes. Windowing allows a certain amount of data to continue being transmitted when no acknowledgments for previous data have been received. This removes overhead on slow links. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current window limit. tcp limit [bytes] Where: ¥ bytes—Is the size of the window limit. mss Sets the number of bytes for the maximum segment size that will be sent on all outgoing TCP connection requests (SYN segments). This tells the remote end the size of the largest segment (packet) it may send. Changing the maximum segment size affects only future connections; existing connections are unaffected. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current value. tcp mss [bytes] Where: ¥ bytes—Is the maximum segment size. If you do not set a maximum segment size, the default is 1460.

TALnet Command Reference A-117 TCP

reset Deletes the specified transmission control block, which forces the connection to abort. You can discover the current transmission control block using tcp status. tcp reset tcb Where: ¥ tcb—Is the identification number of the transmission control block. rtt Replaces the automatically computed round-trip time in the specified transmission control block with the specified round-trip time in milliseconds. This command speeds recovery from a series of lost packets because it provides a manual bypass around the normal backoff retransmission timing mechanisms. tcp rtt tcb ms Where: ¥ tcb—Is the identification number of the transmission control block. ¥ ms—Is the round-trip time in milliseconds. status Displays the status of TCP data sent and received. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section. tcp status syndata Determines whether or not sequence numbers (SYN) and data can travel together in the same packet. Some systems cannot handle SYN and data together. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current setting. tcp syndata [boolean] Where: ¥ boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable. trace Sets tracing on or off. When tracing is enabled, it echoes TCP connection status, including SYN sent, Established, and Last ACK, to the console. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current setting. tcp trace [boolean] Where: ¥ boolean—Turns the feature on or off. To turn the feature on, use y, yes, true, on, 1, set, or enable. To turn the feature off, use n, no, false, off, 0, clear, or disable.

A-118 TALnet Configuration Guide TCP

window Changes the window size by setting the number of bytes of a TCP packet that TALnet will accept. If you do not specify an argument, this command displays the current window size. tcp window [bytes] Where: ¥ bytes—Is the window size in bytes. If you do not set the window size, the default is 2920.

EXAMPLES TAL> tcp status TCP Statistics: Segments: 1298 in, 1292 out, 0 errors, 0 retransmitted. Connects: 6 attempts (2 active, 3 passive) 1 failed. 2 streams are currently open. 0 were forcibly closed on us. We forcibly closed 0 streams.

ID Rcv-Q Snd-Q Local socket Remote socket State 7aa80000 0 0 192.168.180.249:23 192.168.180.2:294 Established 82f20008 0 0 0.0.0.0:23 0.0.0.0:0 Listen (S) 7ea30008 0 0 192.168.180.249:1024 192.168.180.2:21 Established 830c0000 0 0 0.0.0.0:21 0.0.0.0:0 Listen (S) 831d0000 0 0 0.0.0.0:7 0.0.0.0:0 Listen (S) 83320000 0 0 0.0.0.0:9 0.0.0.0:0 Listen (S)

Where: ¥ Segments—Provides the following statistics about segments (packets): — in—Shows the number of TCP segments (packets) received. — out—Shows the total number of TCP segments transmitted. — errors—Shows the number of received segments with errors. — retransmitted—Shows the number of segments that were retransmitted. ¥ Connects—Provides the following statistics about connections: — attempts—Shows the number of TCP connections initiated locally. — active—Shows the number of TCP connections initiated to a remote host. — passive—Shows the number of TCP connection requests from a remote host. — failed—Shows the number of TCP connections attempted but failed. — streams are currently open—Shows the current number of established TCP connections. — forcibly closed on us—Shows the number of connection resets received from remote hosts. — we forcible closed—Shows the number of resets sent to remote hosts. Resets can be sent manually using the reset subcommand.

TALnet Command Reference A-119 TCP

¥ ID—Transfer Control Block (TCB) identification number for each active or passive connection. ¥ Rcv-Q—Shows the number of items in the receive queue. ¥ Send-Q—Shows the number of items in the send queue. ¥ Local socket—Shows the local IP address and port number. ¥ Remote socket—Shows the remote IP address and port number. ¥ State—Indicates whether TCP sockets are active or passive. Active sockets initiate connections with passive sockets. Passive sockets are denoted in the status table by listen (S) listed as their state. The table also denotes whether a TCP connection has been established by listing the state as Established or whether a connection is being attempted by listing SYN sent. Sockets can also be listed with FIN wait or Time wait.

SEE ALSO ip

A-120 TALnet Configuration Guide TELNET

A.45 TELNET

NAME telnet - Connects to another node using the Telnet protocol.

SYNOPSIS telnet hostid [port]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION The telnet command allows you to connect from your local Wireless Router to a remote host using the Telnet protocol.The hostid argument speciﬁes the host to which you want to connect, and must be either the DNS name or the IP address in four-part dotted decimal format. The optional port argument speciﬁes the port number you want to connect through. If you do not specify a port number, the standard Telnet port of 23 is used. The Telnet connection appears in a new session on your Wireless Router. To switch between sessions, enter Ctrl-w. To close a Telnet connection and end the session, use the close command from the main session on your Wireless Router.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES The following example opens a Telnet connection to the remote host with the IP address 192.168.2.3: TAL> telnet 192.168.2.3

SEE ALSO abort, close, kick, session

TALnet Command Reference A-121 TIME

A.46 TIME

NAME time - Sets or displays the time on the Wireless Router.

SYNOPSIS time [hh:mm:ss]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The time command allows you to reset the time on your Wireless Router. Specify the time in 24-hour format, separating the hour, minutes, and seconds with colons. For example, 5:08 in the afternoon would be 17:08. To display the current time, enter the time command without any arguments.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES The following example resets the time on the Wireless Router to 9:23 in the morning: TAL> time 9:23

The following example shows that the currently conﬁgured time is 5:28 and 23 seconds in the afternoon (expressed in 24-hour time as 17:28:47). radio> time Time is: 17:28:47

A-122 TALnet Configuration Guide TIP

A.47 TIP

NAME tip - Allows you to conﬁgure a modem directly from the Wireless Router.

SYNOPSIS tip device-name

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION Use the tip command to connect to an asynchronous device and create a terminal session (TIP session) on that device. The argument device-name specifies the device, and is the symbolic name assigned to the device with the device make command. By opening a TIP session on the COM1 or COM2 port, you can issue commands to anything connected to that port. For example, you can use the tip command to configure a modem directly from the Wireless Router. Before you open a TIP session, you must have created the device using the device create command. Also, the device must not currently be in use (for example, for PPP connections on the COM2 port or for the service console on the COM1 port). Check for the following lines in the configuration file: device config device-name [global-config] up iface config iface-name device device-name [global-config] up If either of these lines exist, take down the device with the corresponding device or iface command: device config device-name down iface config iface-name down unlink During the TIP session, type the following string to initialize the modem and turn on auto-answer mode. When you send this string, most modems also automatically set the speed, flow control, and other parameters to match the parameters configured on the device. Make sure these parameters are set on your router before you begin the TIP session. ATS0=1 During the TIP session, you can send any standard modem configuration commands to the modem. To end a TIP session, type Ctrl-C.

DIAGNOSTICS Device unknown The device speciﬁed does not exist on the system.

TALnet Command Reference A-123 TIP

Device no async port The device speciﬁed is not an asynchronous device. Device already in use The device is currently being used; for example, for a PPP connection or as a login session.

SEE ALSO device, iface, reset

A-124 TALnet Configuration Guide TRACE

A.48 TRACE

NAME trace - Controls intelligent decoding of packet contents as they enter or leave your Wireless Router.

SYNOPSIS trace [iface] trace iface trace-ﬂag [ﬁlename]

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The trace command allows you to decode data packets as they enter or leave an interface on your Wireless Router. The output of trace commands appears in a separate session on your service console; use Ctrl-w to switch between sessions. Trace information varies depending on the type of packet, but might include the type, source, destination, and size of the packet. Use the trace command to debug errant network devices. The iface argument specifies a particular interface on which you want information. The trace-flag argument must be preceded by an iface argument. This argument pair starts or stops decoding packets for that particular interface, and further defines the information to include. To issue more than one trace flag, you must repeat the trace command. Placing a hyphen (-) before a flag causes the opposite action for that flag to happen. See the section TRACE-FLAG OPTIONS for valid trace flags. The filename argument specifies that the trace information should be written to the specified file as well as appear in a separate console session. If you do not specify an argument, the trace command shows tracing status on all interfaces.

TRACE-FLAG OPTIONS off Turns off all packet decoding for this interface. input Decodes incoming data packets (packets entering the router via the specified interface). -input Stops decoding incoming data packets on the specified interface. output Decodes outgoing data packets (packets leaving the router via the specified interface). -output Stops decoding outgoing data packets on the specified interface.

TALnet Command Reference A-125 TRACE

broadcast Decodes data packets containing a broadcast address. To use this flag, you must already have specified whether decoding occurs on incoming or outgoing packets. -broadcast Stops decoding data packets containing a broadcast address. To use this flag, you must already have specified whether decoding occurs on incoming or outgoing packets. raw Turns off all intelligent packet decoding and dumps raw data as hexadecimal bytes. To use this flag, you must already have specified whether decoding occurs on incoming or outgoing packets. -raw Turns on intelligent packet decoding (the default state for all trace commands). To use this flag, you must already have specified whether decoding occurs on incoming or outgoing packets. ascii In addition to decoding the data packet, display its contents (if printable) as ASCII characters. To use this flag, you must already have specified whether decoding occurs on incoming or outgoing packets. -ascii Turns off ASCII packet decoding. To use this flag, you must already have specified whether decoding occurs on incoming or outgoing packets. hex In addition to decoding the data packet, display its contents (if printable) as hexadecimal bytes. To use this flag, you must already have specified whether tracing occurs on incoming or outgoing packets. -hex Turns off hexadecimal packet decoding. To use this flag, you must already have specified whether tracing occurs on incoming or outgoing packets.

EXAMPLES The following example speciﬁes that you want to decode all packets entering the Wireless Router on interface ether0. In addition to displaying this information in a service console session, you want the information to appear in a ﬁle called trace.dat. Finally, you want the contents to display as ASCII characters. TAL> trace ether0 input trace.dat TAL> trace ether0 ascii

The following example shows the current trace status on your Wireless Router. All incoming packets on interface ether0 are being decoded. The information will appear in ASCII format in a separate console session and in a ﬁle called trace.dat. Tracing is turned off on interface radio0. TAL> trace ether0: input (ASCII dump) trace file: trace.dat radio0: tracing off.

A-126 TALnet Configuration Guide TRACE

DIAGNOSTICS Interface unknown. The interface name provided could not be located on the router. Can’t write to . The specified file could not be opened. The filename might be invalid, or there might not be enough room available to store data.

SEE ALSO session

TALnet Command Reference A-127 UDP

A.49 UDP

NAME udp - Generates and shows statistics relating to the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

SYNOPSIS udp status udp send ip-addr udp receive

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION The udp command generates and displays statistics relating to UDP. UDP is an unreliable connectionless transport-layer protocol that transports data from one application to another. UDP relies on IP to transmit datagrams across the network but includes its own checksums and port numbers. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section.

OPTIONS receive Starts the UDP packet receiver, which tallies received UDP datagrams and summarizes and displays the number of lost, duplicate, and out-of-sequence packets received. To avoid error messages that can degrade performance, the UDP packet receiver must always be started before the UDP packet generator. udp receive send Starts the UDP packet generator, which sends datagrams to the speciﬁed IP address. Use this option to generate data about UDP trafﬁc between two Wireless Routers. (The destination does not have to be an immediate neighbor.) To avoid error messages that can degrade performance, the UDP packet generator must always be started after the UDP packet receiver. udp send ip-addr Where: ¥ ip-addr— Is the IP address of any interface on the router that will be receiving the packets. status Displays statistics about the number of packets sent and the number of sending errors for this router.

A-128 TALnet Configuration Guide UDP

EXAMPLES TAL> udp status UDP Statistics: Packets: 5 in, 6 out, 0 errors, 51 sent to unknown socket.

&UCB Rcv-Q Local socket 912f0010 0 0.0.0.0:161

Where: ¥ &UCB—Shows UDP Control Block (UCB) addresses. ¥ Rcv-Q—Shows the number of items in the receive queue. ¥ Local socket—Shows the local IP address and port number.

SEE ALSO ip, loadgen

TALnet Command Reference A-129 UPTIME

A.50 UPTIME

NAME uptime - Determines the length of time since the Wireless Router last booted.

SYNOPSIS uptime

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Operator

DESCRIPTION Use the uptime command to determine the length of time since your Wireless Router was last booted. A very short uptime (for example, a few seconds) might indicate that the system is rebooting unexpectedly.

EXAMPLE In the following example, the Wireless Router has been running for 24 days, 5 hours, and 51 seconds: TAL> uptime System up 24 days, 5 hours, 51 seconds

A-130 TALnet Configuration Guide USER

A.51 USER

NAME user - Manages the user table.

SYNOPSIS user option

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Admin

DESCRIPTION The user command allows you to establish or modify a list of users who have access to the router. All Talnet commands and some subcommands require that you have a certain level or combination of levels of authorization to use them. You can define different levels of authorization with the following keywords to the user create name authorization or user config name authorization command: ¥ Read—Allows the user to read any file on the Wireless Router (for example, the talnet.cfg configuration file, or executable files [*.exe]). This command also allows the user to obtain information about the disk (using the dir command, for example). When you issue this command, it adds the Read authorization bit (0x001). ¥ Write—Allows the user to modify files. When you issue this command, it adds the Write authorization bit (0x004). ¥ Create—Allows the user to create new files or directories. When you issue this command, it adds the Create authorization bit (0x002). ¥ Operator—Allows the user to reboot the router and interactively modify the configuration for an active session without permanently changing the talnet.cfg configuration file. This command does not allow the user to type exit to get back to the router’s native operating system. When you issue this command, it adds the Operator authorization bit (0x010). ¥ Admin—Allows the user to permanently change the configuration file and to enter the exit command to return to the router’s native operating system. When you issue this command, it adds the Admin authorization bit (0x200). However, when you display the current users with the user show command, the authorization bit is listed as 0x217 because the system automatically appends the Operator, Read, Write, and Create privileges to the Admin privilege. ¥ PPP—Allows the user to connect to the Wireless Router using the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). You must also specify the interface on which the user can make PPP connections. When you issue this command, it adds the PPP authorization bit (0x20). ¥ Console—Allows the user to connect to the router from a service console. When you issue this command, it adds the Console authorization bit (0x040).

TALnet Command Reference A-131 USER

¥ Netlogin—Allows the user to connect to the router from a Telnet or FTP session. You must also specify the root directory for FTP transfers. When you issue this command, it adds the Netlogin authorization bit (0x100). You can assign a combination of privileges to a single user; for example, you could assign Admin, PPP, and Console privileges to the same user. Alternatively, you can assign privileges with a bitmask of the desired privileges. We recommend that you deﬁne at least one user with Admin and Console privileges. If you do not assign a user with Console privileges, anyone can access the router from a service console without being prompted for a username or password.

OPTIONS config Changes or appends options for a particular user including authorization, interface, password, or root directory. user config name [authorization flag [flag...]] [iface iface] [password pswd] [root dir] For a description of keywords and arguments, see the user create command. create Adds a user to the user table and assigns user options, including authorization level, interface, password, and root directory. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section. user create name [authorization flag [flag...]] [iface iface] [password pswd] [root dir] Where: ¥ name—Is the username of the user you are adding. ¥ authorization flag [flag...]—Establishes the level of access privileges. The argument flag represents one or more of the levels of authorization listed in the DESCRIPTION section on the previous page. ¥ iface iface—Specifies a particular interface. Specify the interface if you are going to allow the user to make PPP connections. ¥ password pswd—Specifies a user password. ¥ root dir—Indicates the root directory used for FTP transfers. Specify the root directory if you are going to allow the user to connect to the router using FTP. delete Removes a user and that user’s options from the user table. user delete name Where: ¥ name—Is the username of the user you are removing. kill Removes a user and that user’s options from the user table. Identical to the user delete command. user kill name

A-132 TALnet Configuration Guide USER

make Adds a user to the user table and assigns user options, including authorization, interface, password, and root directory. Identical to the user create command. user make name [authorization ﬂag [flag...]] [iface iface] [password pswd] [root dir] show Displays statistics about the user or user table to a standard output device, such as the console. For sample output, see the EXAMPLES section. user show {name | all} [verbose] Where: ¥ name—Is the name of the user about whom you want to display statistics. ¥ all—Requests statistics about all users in the user table. ¥ verbose—Requests more detailed information and statistics.

EXAMPLES The following example shows the current table of authorized users. The column labeled Username displays the username, and the column labeled Password displays the password of each user. The column labeled Iface displays speciﬁc interfaces that user has privileges on. The column labeled Auth Root displays the level of authorization. For example, user Betsy is authorized to make PPP connections (0x020) on the ppp0 interface. TAL> user show all Username Password Iface Auth Root Jim MrNull 0x257 admin console operator write create read Betsy casco ppp0 0x020 ppp

In the following example, the ﬁrst command assigns Netlogin and Operator privileges (0x110) to the user Silva. The second command displays the new table. Because a user with Netlogin privileges can access the router using FTP, the command speciﬁes a root directory. TAL> user create silva authorization netlogin operator password nikki root /

TAL> user show all Username Password Iface Auth Root Jim MrNull 0x257 admin console operator write create read Betsy casco ppp0 0x020 ppp Silva nikki 0x110 / operator netlogin

TALnet Command Reference A-133 VERSION

A.52 VERSION

NAME version - Lists the current version of TALnet software.

SYNOPSIS version

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION The version command displays the current version of TALnet software and statistics about that software. If you experience problems with your Wireless Router, identify the version of software before contacting your technical support representative.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES The following example lists the current version of TALnet software as Release 2.0, compiled on June 26, 1996: TAL> version

TALnet Release 2.0 Copyright 1992-1996 Tetherless Access Limited, All Rights Reserved. Compiled at TAL: Jun 26 1996, 15:24:55 Router Platform: SubSpace 2001 (rev1) Installed Features: Encryption, TALK, PPP, IP Routing.

A-134 TALnet Configuration Guide VIEW

A.53 VIEW

NAME view - Displays the contents of a ﬁle.

SYNOPSIS view ﬁlename

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL Read

DESCRIPTION The view command allows you to view the contents of a file and scroll back and forth as necessary through the file. The filename argument is the file you want to view. After you issue the view command, you can use the key sequences in Table A-5 to navigate through the file.

Table A-5 Navigating through a File View

Key Function h or H or < Move to the beginning of the file. e or > Move to the end of the file. d or Ctrl-N or j Move down one line. u or k Move up one line. Ctrl-D Move down half a screen. Ctrl-U Move up a half screen. D or Ctrl-V Move down one screen. U or v Move up one screen. Ctrl-C or q or Q Exit the file.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES In the following example, you request to view the contents of the ﬁle talnet.cfg: TAL> view talnet.cfg

TALnet Command Reference A-135 WHO

A.54 WHO

NAME who - Lists users who are currently logged on to the Wireless Router.

SYNOPSIS who

REQUIRED AUTHORIZATION LEVEL None

DESCRIPTION The who command lists users who are currently logged on to the Wireless Router, including users who are logged on directly through the service console and users who are logged on through Telnet connections. The output includes the username, the type of connection, and the length of time the user has been logged on. If the user is connected through Telnet, the output also lists the IP address and the TCP port number of the user’s host machine.

OPTIONS None

EXAMPLES In the following example, two users are connected to the Wireless Router: admin and service. User admin is connected directly through a service console, and has been connected for 1 day, 9 hours, 26 minutes, and 5 seconds. User service is connected remotely using Telnet, and has been connected for 4 hours, 59 minutes, and 17 seconds. The IP address of the host machine from which user service is connected is 204.94.180.135. The TCP port number is 1537. TAL> who # user time-on type source 0 admin 1+09:26:05 console 1 service 04:59:17 telnet 204.94.180.135:1537

A-136 TALnet Configuration Guide