APPENDIX EK6:
Landscape and Visual Appraisal Report by Enplan
FERNBANK NURSERY, LOWER NAZEING
PROPOSED PLANNING APPEAL FOR RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL APPRAISAL REPORT
on behalf of Stallan Nazeing Ltd
November 2017
Enplan, Gloucester House, 399 Silbury Boulevard, Milton Keynes MK9 2AH Offices also at Tunbridge Wells Directors: PG Russell-Vick DipLA CMLI • MA Carpenter BA(Hons) MRTPI • RJ Hodgetts BA(Hons) DipLA CMLI
01892 545460 [email protected] www.enplan.net
Enplan is the trading name of Enplan UK Limited. Registered in England & Wales with Company Number 4608553. A list of directors is available at the registered office; Preston Park House, South Road, Brighton, BN1 6SB.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 5
2.0 LANDSCAPE RELATED PLANNING POLICY CONTEXT ...... 6 National ...... 6 Local ...... 7
3.0 LANDSCAPE CONTEXT ...... 9 Landscape Character ...... 9 National Context ...... 9 District ...... 11 Appeal Site Location and Immediate Surroundings ...... 14
4.0 LANDSCAPE APPRAISAL OF THE APPEAL SITE ...... 16
5.0 VISUAL APPRAISAL OF THE APPEAL SITE ...... 17
6.0 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 20 Visual Impact Assessment ...... 20 Impact on Residential Visual Amenity ...... 23 Landscape Character Impacts ...... 24
7.0 LANDSCAPE STRATEGY ...... 28
8.0 CONCLUSIONS ...... 29
Figures 1 Appeal Site Context (Location of wider viewpoints) 2 Topography 3 Designation Plan 4 Zone of Theoretical Visibility (bare earth) 5 Landscape and Visual ( Location of Viewpoints and Appeal Site Appraisal Views) 6 Landscape Character Areas 7 Appeal Site Photographs A & B 8 Appeal Site Photographs C & D 9 Appeal Site Photographs E & F 10 Appeal Site Photographs G & H
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11 Appeal Site Photographs J & K 12 Appeal Site Photographs L & M 13 Photographic Viewpoint 1 14 Photographic Viewpoint 2 15 Photographic Viewpoint 3 16 Photographic Viewpoint 4 17 Photographic Viewpoint 5 18 Photographic Viewpoint 6 19 Photographic Viewpoint 7 20 Photographic Viewpoint 8 21 Photographic Viewpoint 9 22 Photographic Viewpoint 10 23 Photographic Viewpoint 11 24 Illustrative Masterplan
Appendices Appendix A Methodology Appendix B National Character Area Profile: Northern Thames Basin (NCA111) Appendix C Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment (Jan 2010) Appendix D Landscape Supporting Graphics
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Enplan is a multi-disciplinary practice of planners, landscape architects and environmental consultants. Enplan was instructed by Stallan Nazeing Ltd to produce a landscape and visual appraisal for the proposed development (Appeal Site) at land at Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing to support an appeal for the refused planning application 28 July 2017.
1.2 The report defines the existing landscape conditions, assesses the character and quality of the landscape and analyses the visual and landscape effects of the proposals.
1.3 The baseline position against which this assessment has been undertaken is as per the current position on the ground. There are no extant planning permissions for the land.
1.4 The Study Area for this assessment has been defined to incorporate all parts of the landscape that potentially may have a view of the proposals (referred to later in this chapter as the Zone of Theoretical Visibility or ZTV) and is a slightly wider area that is sufficient in size to define the broad landscape context of the Appeal Site.
1.5 Assessments undertaken within this appraisal have been undertaken in accordance with the 3rd Edition of ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (GLVIA3). The assessment and landscape design work has been led by Richard Hodgetts BA Hons DipLA CMLI, Landscape Director of Enplan and a Chartered Landscape Architect with over 27 years’ experience.
1.6 The proposal is to construct to provide up to 50 dwelling houses together with access roads and hard and soft landscaping proposals. The proposed illustrative plans have been designed by John Douglas Architecture and the details of the rationale for the design set out in the Planning Statement by Peacock and Smith and Design and Access Statement which accompanied the original application.
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2.0 LANDSCAPE RELATED PLANNING POLICY CONTEXT
2.1 This section describes the background of relevant national and local planning policies, in so far as they relate to landscape matters, against which the development proposals will be determined. The Appeal Site falls within the administrative boundary of Epping Forest District Council and is classed as “urban fringe”. It lies adjacent but outside of the defined built up area boundary of Lower Nazeing .
National
2.2 Policies in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), 2012, which relate to landscape are set out below:
Paragraph 17:
- always seek to secure high quality design and a good standard of amenity for all existing and future occupants of land and buildings;
- take account of the different roles and character of different areas, recognising the intrinsic character and beauty of the countryside and supporting thriving rural communities within it;
Paragraph 58:
- respond to local character and history, and reflect the identity of local surroundings and materials, while not preventing or discouraging appropriate innovation;
- are visually attractive as a result of good architecture and appropriate landscaping.
Paragraph 61:
- although visual appearance and the architecture of individual buildings are very important factors, securing high quality and inclusive design goes beyond aesthetic considerations. Therefore, planning policies and decisions should address the connections between people and places and the integration of new development into the natural, built and historic environment.
Paragraph 109:
The planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by:
- protecting and enhancing valued landscapes, geological conservation interests and soils;
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- recognising the wider benefits of ecosystem services;
- minimising impacts on biodiversity and providing net gains in biodiversity where possible, contributing to the Government's commitment to halt the overall decline in biodiversity, including by establishing coherent ecological networks that are more resilient to current and future pressures;
- preventing both new and existing development from contributing to or being put at unacceptable risk from, or being adversely affected by unacceptable levels of soil, air, water or noise pollution or land instability; and
- remediating and mitigating despoiled, degraded, derelict, contaminated and unstable land, where appropriate.
Paragraph 113:
Local planning authorities should set criteria based policies against which proposals for any development on or affecting protected wildlife or geodiversity Appeal Sites or landscape areas will be judged. Distinctions should be made between the hierarchy of international, national and locally designated Appeal Sites, so that protection is commensurate with their status and gives appropriate weight to their importance and the contribution that they make to wider ecological networks.
Local
Epping Forest District Local Plan (1998) and Alterations (2006)
2.3 The Appeal Site lies within the Green Belt, and forms part of the Lee Valley Regional Park (LVRP) as confirmed by the Council’s adopted (saved) Proposals Map. All relevant designations identified on Figure 3 Designation Plan
2.4 Within the Local Plan Policy RST24 – Design and Location of Development in the LVRP sates:
All developments within or adjacent to the Lee Valley Regional Park should:-
(i) have regard to the importance of the Park for leisure, recreation and nature conservation and make provision, where appropriate, for improved public access and landscaping;
(ii) safeguard the amenity and future development of the Park; and
(iii) conserve and, where possible, enhance the landscape of the Park or its setting. Developments which are likely to result in a significant adverse impact upon the character or function of the Park will not be permitted.
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2.5 It should be noted that the officer’s report confirms the following concerning LVRP impact:
“Planning applications are referred to the Park Authority under the consultative arrangements of the Lee Valley Regional Park Act 1966, and the Park Authority has provided comments which are set out above. Essentially their concern is that the proposed development as shown on the indicative plans shows that the majority of the open space as ancillary to the residential use of the Appeal Site and not respecting the Appeal Site’s location within the Regional Park, nor is any mention of any 106 contributions that could benefit the park made.
Whilst the concerns of the Regional Park Authority are noted, the indicative plans do indicate the provision of a significant area of open space can be achieved and, given that the glasshouses ancillary buildings and hardstanding would be removed and the Appeal Site opened up with potential for significant landscaping, and nature conservation enhancements, which can be secured at the reserved matters stage. it is considered that subject to the details of design and landscaping, it would be possible and to safeguard the amenity of the Park and conserve and enhance the landscape of the Park. It is considered therefore that despite the reservations of the Park Authority subject to the detailed reserved matters application, the development of up to 50 dwellings on this Appeal Site could respect the Park and enhance its recreational function.”
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
3.0 LANDSCAPE CONTEXT
Landscape Character
3.1 Landscape character assessment (LCA) is the key tool for understanding the landscape and should be used to form the baseline for assessing landscape effects that may arise from development proposals. The main elements that make up the landscape are physical influences (geology, soils, landform, drainage and water bodies), land cover (types of vegetation and patterns and types of tree cover) and the influence of human activity (land use and management, character of settlements and buildings, pattern and type of fields and enclosure). The aesthetic and perceptual aspects of the landscape are also key factors such as scale, complexity, openness, tranquillity or wildness.
3.2 Many parts of the UK are already covered by existing character assessments at different scales, from broad-scale national or regional assessments, more detailed local authority assessments and in some cases fine-grain local or community assessments.
Published Landscape Character Assessments
3.3 The proposed Appeal Site sits within the National Character Area Profiles: Northern Thames Basin (NCA111) The relevant published landscape character data and related assessments include the following:
National Character Area Profile: Northern Thames Basin (NCA111)
Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment (Jan 2010): Farmland Plateau: Landscape Character Type C, sub category C7 Roydon Hamlet
National Context
3.4 Countryside Character Volume 7: East of England sets the Appeal Appeal Site and study area (Figure 1) within the Northern Thames Basin NCA111. (refer Appendix B). The key characteristics of the Northern Thames Basin relevant to this assessment are displayed as:
The landform is varied with a wide plateau divided by river valleys.
Characteristic of the area is a layer of thick clay producing heavy, acidic soils, resulting in retention of considerable areas of ancient woodland.
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Areas capped by glacial sands and gravels have resulted in nutrient-poor, free- draining soils which support remnant lowland heathlands, although these are now small. Areas that have alluvial deposits present are well drained and fertile.
The water bearing underlying Chalk beds are a main source of recharge for the principal London Basin Chalk aquifer.
A diverse landscape with a series of broad valleys containing the major rivers Ver, Colne and Lea, and slightly steeper valleys of the rivers Stour, Colne and Roman. Numerous springs rise at the base of the Bagshot Beds and several reservoirs are dotted throughout the area
The pattern of woodlands is varied across the area and includes considerable ancient semi-natural woodland. Hertfordshire is heavily wooded in some areas as are parts of Essex, while other areas within Essex are more open in character. Significant areas of wood pasture and pollard veteran trees are also present.
The field pattern is very varied across the basin reflecting historical activity. Informal patterns of 18th-century or earlier enclosure reflect medieval colonisation of the heaths. Regular planned enclosures dating from the Romano- British period are a subtle but nationally important feature on the flat land to the south-east of the area. In the Essex heathlands 18th- and 19th-century enclosure of heathlands and commons followed by extensive 20th-century field enlargement is dominant.
Mixed farming, with arable land predominating in the Hertfordshire plateaux, parts of the London Clay lowlands and Essex heathlands. Grasslands are characteristic of the river valleys throughout. Horticulture and market gardening are found on the light, sandy soils of former heaths in Essex, along with orchards, meadow pasture and leys following numerous narrow rivers and streams.
The diverse range of semi-natural habitats include ancient woodland, lowland heath and floodplain grazing marsh and provide important habitats for a wide range of species including great crested newt, water vole, dormouse and otter.
The medieval pattern of small villages and dispersed farming settlement remains central to the character of parts of Hertfordshire and Essex. Market towns have expanded over time as have the London suburbs and commuter settlements.
Brick-built dwellings are characteristic from the late 17th century onwards. Prior to this dwellings and farm buildings tended to be timber built with weatherboarding, now mainly painted white but traditionally black or tarred, and whitewashed plaster walls.
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
District
3.5 The Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment (2010) by Chris Blandford Associates (refer Appendix C) shows that the Appeal Site falls within Farmland Plateau Landscape Character Type C sub category C7 Roydon Hamlet. It is also located adjacent to the boundary of sub category C8 Bumbles Green and thus consideration should be taken on the characteristics of this too. The key characteristics of C7 Roydon Hamlet Farmland Plateau are:
Dominant visible glasshouses are scattered throughout much of this area and contribute to landscape pattern;
An undulating landscape of predominantly arable fields, which are lined with mature hedgerows, often containing veteran hedgerow trees;
Open and framed views from the western half of the area into and across the Lea Valley;
Small patches of deciduous woodland provide a sense of enclosure within views;
Settlement pattern comprises scattered, isolated farmsteads and the small hamlets of Roydon Hamlet and Bumble’s Green;
Sense of tranquillity is relatively strong throughout much of the area; however this is disturbed in proximity to road corridors.
The key characteristics of the C8 Bumbles Green Farmland Plateau are:
Undulating area of predominantly arable fields, which are lined with mature hedgerows;
Mature, veteran trees are key landscape features, both within fields and hedgerows;
A series of small, pronounced hills create local variation in topography at the western edge of the area, overlooking the corridor of the Lea Valley to the west;
The landscape is crossed by a network of narrow lanes, several of which are lined with mature hedgerows and hedgerow trees, which limit views across adjacent fields;
An interconnected network of footpaths and National Trails (including the Three Forests Way and Stort Valley Way) provide access to the landscape and connect it to adjacent areas;
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Sense of tranquillity is relatively strong throughout most of the area;
The relatively large settlement of Lower Nazeing at the western edge of the area contributes to settlement pattern, in addition to scattered farmsteads; and houses along road corridors;
The narrow stream corridor of Nazeing Brook crosses the landscape, a tributary of the River Lea to the west.
3.6 The above descriptions are more aligned to the character of the landscape that surrounds the Appeal Site than the actual descriptions of the character area in which the Appeal Site sits.
3.7 The character area C7 Roydon Hamlet Farmland Plateau describes the overall character as follows:
This Landscape Character Area encompasses a patchwork of small-scale, predominantly arable fields, which overlie gently undulating topography. Field boundaries are generally delineated with mature hedgerows, often containing veteran trees. Superimposed on this landscape are several clusters of horticultural glasshouses, which are key landscape features within views across the area and also contribute to recognisable sense of place. Several minor road corridors run across the character area, connecting Harlow to the east, with Roydon to the north and Nazeing to the south.
The above description relates well to the existing character of the Appeal Site as this comprises of horticultural glasshouses delineated by mature hedgerows with views from the Appeal Site across the area ( particularly to the west)
3.8 The Visual Characteristics of the character area are described as follows:
Glasshouses are key landscape features within views across the area;
Small pockets of woodland frame views to the north of Halls Green;
Open and framed views into and across the Lea Valley from the western edge of the Character Area (however, these are limited in places by vegetation within the valley);
Open views to the urban edges of Harlow from eastern parts of the area;
Views are hidden and revealed, moving through this undulating landscape.
3.9 Under the sub section Historic Land Use there are some key pointers as to why the landscape is littered with glasshouses as follows:
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
This area contains a number of roadside settlements, and is dominated by the glasshouses of the horticultural industry. This industry has a long heritage, with its roots in medieval market gardening. The industry received a boost in the mid-19th century with the removal of tax on glass, and blossomed in this area. Whilst the majority of the glasshouses in this area are of modern construction, older remains of this industry still survive, including older water towers and other features.
Lower Nazeing is a large settlement to the southwest of the area. Once known as Nazeing Bury, the manor house attached to this settlement was the home to Catherine Parr, wife of Henry VIII, for a period of time.
3.10 Under the Key Planning and Land Management Issues it states:
Potential for the erection of new farm buildings within agricultural fields, or residential dwellings at the edges of Roydon Hamlet or Halls Green, which could be conspicuous on the skyline if not designed sensitively;
Potential further decline in the condition of field boundaries through further agricultural intensification;
Potential increases in volume of traffic on narrow rural lanes and road corridors;
Potential for loss of hedgerows or veteran trees due to inappropriate management.
3.11 The character area then goes onto summarise the Sensitivities to change as follows:
Sensitive key characteristics and landscape elements within this Landscape Character Area include hedgerows, veteran trees and Appeal Sites of ecological interest. Historic Medieval field systems and glasshouses are sensitive historic landscape features. Framed and open views into the corridor of the River Lea to the west and open views across undulating farmland are visually sensitive to new development. This area also forms the backdrop to views eastwards from the corridor of the River Lea to the west. Any potential new development within the area is therefore likely to be visually prominent if not designed sensitively. The relatively strong sense of tranquillity throughout most of the area is also sensitive to potential new development. As a result of the above factors, overall this Landscape Character Area is considered to have moderate to high sensitivity to change.
3.12 The Suggested Landscape Planning Guidelines are as follows that are relevant to the Appeal Site:
Conserve the predominantly rural character of this area;
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Ensure that any new development within the farmland is small-scale, responding to historic
settlement pattern, landscape setting and locally distinctive building styles
Maintain characteristic views across farmland and into the Lea Valley.
3.13 The Suggested Land Management Guidelines that are relevant to the Appeal Appeal Site are as follows:
Conserve and enhance the existing hedgerow pattern (and associated headlands), and strengthen through planting using local provenance species;
Conserve and promote the use of building materials which are in keeping with local vernacular/landscape character;
Conserve veteran trees as key landscape and ecological features;
Establish species rich field margins within arable fields as an important nature conservation habitat.
Appeal Site Location and Immediate Surroundings
3.14 To the east, north east and south of the Appeal Site is the settlement of Lower Nazeing. As described in the district landscape character assessment Lower Nazeing is a large settlement once known as Nazeing Bury, the manor house attached to this settlement was the home to Catherine Parr, wife of Henry VIII, for a period of time. An interconnected network of predominantly rural lanes connects scattered farmsteads and the relatively large settlement of Lower Nazeing which contains a mixture of historic buildings and more modern housing. Beyond the built-up area of the village to the east the surrounding land is characterized by rolling hills divided by broad valleys. The hills are covered with arable fields marked by hedgerows with small wood patches and copses. To the west the landscape is relatively flat forming the Lea Valley River floodplain corridor.
3.15 The Appeal Site boundary to the north is defined by a line of mature leylandii trees which restrict views to the landscape beyond. The eastern boundary is defined by groups of mature trees with gently rising land beyond that forms the gardens to the adjoining existing residential area along North Street. To the south there are existing dwellings located off B194 Nazeing Road and Langley Green. The Appeal Site is not viewed as a significant component of the overall landscape in terms of defining key characteristics or securing long term landscape benefits as it comprises primarily of a nursery with large areas of green houses and buildings with chimneys. Development of the Appeal Appeal Site is unlikely to detract significantly from the landscape merit arising from either Lower Nazeing or the surrounding villages.
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
3.16 The Appeal Site is located on the western side of Lower Nazeing on a parcel of land that comprises the Fernbank Nursery Appeal Site. Further to the west the landscape is flat and forms part of the River Lea Country Park. There is a National Long Distance Cycle Route 1 and public right of way that runs to the west along side Nursery Road which is bound by a semi mature hedge with trees. There are glimpsed views from this path towards the Appeal Site but the intervening semi mature trees restrict clear views of the whole Appeal Site with only small sections of the existing greenhouses glimpsed in the view. The application Appeal Site is 3.03ha There is no public access to the Appeal Site.
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4.0 LANDSCAPE APPRAISAL OF THE APPEAL SITE
4.1 An appraisal of the Appeal Site is set out below and is illustrated on Figure 5: Landscape and Visual Plan. Photographs A to M on Figures 7 to 12 shows the character of the existing Appeal Site.
4.2 In relation to topography the shape of the Appeal Site forms a broadly rectangular shape and sits at the 30m contour forming the western edges of the Lea River Valley. There filtered views from the eastern edge of the Appeal Site looking eastwards towards the Lea Valley Country Park, the trees and hedge that align the National Long Distance Cycle Route 1 and the dwellings on Nursery Road beyond.. The topography is shown on Figure 2.
4.3 The northern boundary is defined by a line of 20m tall Leylandii trees. Both the eastern and southern boundaries are defined by groups of semi mature 25m tall trees and the residential areas beyond. The eastern boundary is relatively undefined apart from a few 20m tall poplar trees Photographs A to M on Figures 7 to 12 show the character of the existing Appeal Site.
4.4 There are a limited number of public rights of way in the vicinity of the Appeal Site and these are identified on Figure 1 Appeal Site Context Plan and Figure 5 Landscape and Visual. The most significant path is the Public Right of Way and National Long Distance Cycle Route 1 that runs 220 metres to the west of the western boundary. This path is defined on its eastern boundary by semi mature trees and hedge and thus allows limited views from it towards the Appeal Site. There is also in the wider landscape Public Right of Way Ref No. PROW200_14 that runs from St Leonards Road within Lower Nazeing in a south easterly direction away from the Appeal Site on land that rises beyond Lower Nazeing. There are long distance views towards the southern boundary of the Appeal Site from this location but intervening conurbation and semi mature trees screen the majority of the Appeal Site from view.
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
5.0 VISUAL APPRAISAL OF THE APPEAL SITE
Visual Receptors/ Views
5.1 A visual appraisal was undertaken from the area surrounding the Appeal Site to determine the approximate extent of the area from which the Appeal Site is visible from the eye level of a person standing on the ground. A desk top study determined the approximate Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) and this was followed by a visual assessment of the Appeal Site from publicly accessible viewpoints within the surrounding landscape, such as from roads, footpaths, and residential areas.
5.2 A series of photographs were taken, some of which have been selected for inclusion in this report. The photographs were taken on autumn 2017 when deciduous vegetation was in full leaf, therefore it is anticipated that during the winter there would be more visibility across the surrounding landscape towards the Appeal Site. The locations of these photographic viewpoints are illustrated on Figure 1 Appeal Site Context Plan and Figure 5 Landscape and Visual (Location of Viewpoints and Appeal Site Appraisal Views) A detailed assessment of each viewpoint is set out in Section 6 as part of the Visual Impact Assessment.
5.3 The Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) represents the approximate zone within which it may be possible to see any part of the Appeal Site. Within the ZTV there may be a number of areas from which no views of the Appeal Site or development will be possible as a result of intervening landform, vegetation or built form, which may obscure views. Outside the defined ZTV, there would be no perceptible views of the Appeal Site or the development would be very difficult to perceive or distinguish. The starting point for the appraisal of potential visual effects is the identification of a zone of theoretical visibility (ZTV). This is presented as Figure 4 Zone of Theoretical Visibility (Bare Earth).
5.4 The Zone of Theoretical Visibility was determined by a field survey visit and topographical studies. A draft ZTV was produced which was tested by a field survey visit and refined to produce the final ZTV Generally in a rural undulating and wooded landscape one would expect the visual influence of a medium scale development to be imperceptible beyond 3.0km. In this case the maximum study area has been defined as 3.0km.
5.5 In this report the majority of the views towards the Appeal Site are within the 1km ( near distance views) Beyond this due to the flat topography to the west, north and south west and intervening vegetation there are no views. In addition to the north east, east , south east and south the rolling topography and existing settlement of Lower Nazeing restrict views towards the Appeal Site.
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Near Distance Views (Viewpoints 1 to 11)
5.6 The near distance views are primarily from the roads, public rights of way and residential areas that surround the Appeal Site. There do not seem to be any views from the south west. . The following section identifies a range of visual receptors based upon the baseline desktop study and Appeal Site investigation. Visual receptors are people who are likely to experience changes in views or visual amenity as a result of the proposed development. The potential effects are discussed and assessed in later sections. The Appeal Site Context (Location of Wider Viewpoints) on Figure 1 and Landscape and Visual Appraisal (Location of Viewpoints and Appeal Site Appraisal Views) on Figure 5 shows the location of the viewpoints that are described below
Potential Receptors: Recreational Receptors
5.7 There are a limited number of recreational receptors within the surrounding landscape which will have a high sensitivity to change in view. Most of the views are within a 1km radius of the Appeal Site. The remaining views in the local landscape are screened by intervening vegetation and local topography.
Viewpoints 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are from the Public Right of Way/ National Long Distance Cycle Route 1 looking eastwards towards the Appeal Site;
Viewpoints 10 and 11are taken from Public Right of Way ref no PROW200_14 looking north west towards the Appeal Site: The existing semi mature trees and conurbation with Lower Nazeing partially screen views towards the Appeal Site;
The sensitivity of these recreational receptors to changes in views is considered to be High
Potential Receptors: Residential
5.8 Views of the proposed development are limited to views from:
Limited number of existing residential dwellings on Elizabeth Close to the south of the Appeal Site (Viewpoint 2)
Rear view from dwellings on North Street
The sensitivity of these residential receptors to changes in views is considered to be High
Potential Receptors: Road Users
5.9 Views of the proposed development Appeal Site are limited to views from:
Langley Green (Viewpoint 1)
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
Junction of Maplecroft Lane and North Street (Viewpoint 8)
Shooters Drive (Viewpoint 9)
The sensitivity of these individual road users to changes in views is considered to be Moderate
Summary of Visual Appraisal
5.10 The Appeal Site is located on the western edge of the settlement of Lower Nazeing. The existing conurbation is located broadly on the eastern and southern sides of the Appeal Site. The majority of the views to the Appeal Site are from the west along the Cycle Route, within the existing conurbation to the south, east and north east and from one public right of way to the south east. All other views are restricted by flat topography and intervening buildings and vegetation.
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6.0 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
6.1 This landscape and visual assessment has been based upon the scheme defined above and as set out in the Planning Statement and the Design & Access Statement.
Visual Impact Assessment
6.2 The visual impact assessment of the proposed development is based upon an analysis of the Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) of the principal features of the scheme and on the individual impact assessment upon the four identified representative viewpoints, all of which has been undertaken to the methodology set out in Appendix A. Figure 4 illustrates the potential ZTV of the development proposals and the locations of the selected representative viewpoints as shown on Figures 1 and 5.
6.3 The Visual Impact Assessment Table (Table A) sets out for each viewpoint the sensitivity of the viewpoint receptor, the approximate distance of the viewpoint to the nearest part of the proposed development, the nature of the view (if there is a view, whether it is a full view of most or all of the development, or only a partial view and whether it is part of a clear, broad view or a narrower view or ‘glimpse’, i.e. through gaps in vegetation for example or between buildings) and the overall impact assessments at the year of opening (i.e. Year 1). The assessment is based on the seasonal conditions at the time of the fieldwork and the illustrated viewpoint photographs, i.e. Summer 2017
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
TABLE A: VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT TABLE
Viewpoint Range Sensitivity of Magnitude of Significance of Significance or Viewpoint/ Type Change at Year 1 Impact Not Significant Full/ Partial/Glimpse 1. Access road 5m Moderate ( Road) Slight Moderate/ Minor Not Significant into Appeal Partial Appeal Site 2. Access Road 70m Moderate ( Road) Slight Moderate/ Minor Not Significant into the Appeal Partial Site B194 Nazeing Road Residential area High ( Residential) Slight Moderate Not significant on Elizabeth Partial Close 3. National Long 230m High( Recreational) Slight Moderate Not Significant Distance Cycle Glimpse Route 1 4. National Long 220m High( Recreational) Slight Moderate Not Significant Distance Cycle Partial Route 1 5. National Long 220m High( Recreational) Negligible Moderate/ Minor Not Significant Distance Cycle Glimpse Route 1 6. National Long 450m High( Recreational) Slight Moderate Not Significant Distance Cycle Glimpse Route 1 7. National Long 320m High( Recreational) Negligible Moderate/ Minor Not Significant Distance Cycle Glimpse Route 1 8. Junction of 430m Moderate ( Road) Negligible Minor Not Significant Maplecroft Lane Glimpse and North Street 9. Shooters Drive 360m Moderate ( Road) Negligible Minor Not Significant Glimpse 10. Public Right of 440m High (Recreational) Negligible Moderate/ Minor Not Significant Way ref no Glimpse PROW 200_14 11. Public Right of 550m High (Recreational) Negligible Moderate/ Minor Not Significant Way ref no Glimpse PROW 200_14
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6.4 Night Time Illumination
The Institution of Lighting Engineers (ILE) suggests four environmental zones relating to extant lighting conditions. They are:
E1: Intrinsically dark landscapes (National Parks, AONBs etc);
E2: Low district brightness areas (Rural, small village or relatively dark urban locations);
E3: Medium district brightness areas (Small town centres or urban locations); and
E4: High district brightness areas (Town/city centres with high levels of night time activity).
6.5 For the purposes of this LVIA, the existing conditions in the vicinity of the Appeal Appeal Site are considered to correspond with Environmental Zone E3. With the implementation of a suitable scheme of lighting minimising glare and light trespass, the residential development of the Appeal Appeal Site could be delivered without material harm.
6.6 Receptors at the selected locations on the public highways include motorists and occasional walkers. In respect of their sensitivity these have been assigned ‘moderate’. The receptors on public rights of way and residential properties have a ‘high’ sensitivity.
6.7 In respect of the magnitude of change, of the twelve views (Viewpoint 2 has two receptors at the same viewpoint) views at Year 1, six views will be Negligible (Viewpoints 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11). This is due to either the distance away from the Appeal Site and that intervening vegetation and natural topography and semi mature trees that provide natural mitigation screening of the Appeal Site. Six views will have a Slight magnitude of change (Viewpoints 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6). Viewpoint 1 is taken looking along Langley Green in the direction of the Appeal Site. The assessment is considered as slight as when the proposed development is constructed the view will be along the proposed access road (similar view to the existing) and will be straddled by proposed public open space on either side of the road. There may be a glimpsed view of units 49 and 50 but these will be screened by proposed boundary tree planting. Viewpoint 2 is looking between existing dwellings that front onto the B194 Nazeing Road located on Langley Green. The existing view is towards a chimney and adjacent building. The assessment is considered to be slight as the existing chimney and building would be removed and replaced with proposed public open space and tree planting. There may even be an improvement in the view over time. Viewpoints 3, 4 and 6 are taken from various locations on the National Long Distance Cycle Route 1 through filtered gaps or gaps in the existing hedge and trees that run along its eastern boundary. The view provides filtered or glimpsed views towards the existing green houses with a backdrop of semi mature trees that filter views to the eastern edge of Lower Nazeing. The assessment is considered to be slight as not only does the intervening vegetation to the north of the Appeal Site and to the south of the eastern boundary filter views to the
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
Appeal Site but the proposed development provides an extensive area of open space along the western boundary which will enhance the perceived openness of the landscape. In addition groups of proposed tree planting will be located on the boundary further filtering views towards the proposed Appeal Site.
6.8 In terms of the significance of these visual effects all the viewpoints will be Not Significant. Viewpoints 8 and 9 will have a Minor effect as these are taken from the existing conurbation with Lower Nazeing and the existing dwellings will provide natural screening of the proposed development. Viewpoints 1, 2, 5, 7, 10 and 11 will have a Moderate/ Minor effect. With respect to Viewpoints 1 and 2 this is due to the proposed open space within the development providing an enhancement to the local landscape and will provide screening of the proposed Appeal Site. Viewpoints 5, 7, 10 and 11 are categorised as high sensitivity due to being recreational routes. Although from all of the h viewpoints the impact would be negligible the effect is Moderate/ Minor . Viewpoints 2, 3, 4 and 6 will have a Moderate effect. In all cases the receptors are deemed to be of high sensitivity and combined with a slight magnitude of change creates a Moderate effect. However as the mitigation planting within the proposed open space to the west of the development matures the effect may change to Minor.
6.9 The visual impacts of the construction process are likely to be more visible than the ultimate scheme, although these are of course temporary effects. It is likely that some parts of the construction process would be visible from all of the viewpoints at some time. The impacts of such temporary events are generally not considered to be significant.
6.10 The proposed new development forms a small urban extension to Lower Nazeing to replace the existing Fernbank Nursery on the western edge of the settlement. The proposed layout is formed of 50 new dwellings and associated large areas of open space ad mitigation tree and understorey planting. As described in the Design and Access Statement, the layout respects the existing adjoining urban grain. This pattern and footprint of development can help to provide a scale and form of development that sits comfortably within a landscape setting at the edge of a settlement, as well as being sensitive to the development patterns of the wider area.
Impact on Residential Visual Amenity
6.11 In considering the effects of the scheme on the visual amenity of private property, this assessment is based on fieldwork using highways and public rights of way, and upon the findings of the overall visual impact assessments. None of the properties have been directly visited.
6.12 Visual change is keenly felt by residents, particularly where the view is a primary aspect for the property and as a consequence highly valued by the occupier. However, there is
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no right to a private view in law. As a result of which, private views are generally given less weight in the planning process than public views.
6.13 The residential properties which have the potential to view the proposed development include the houses along North Street to the east of the proposed development and the dwellings on Langley Green and Nazengbury Close to the south of the proposed development. In all cases the views will be filtered by existing boundary vegetation or in the case of Langley Green the existing garages to the rear of the dwellings. The magnitude of change at Year 1 would be Moderate from the dwellings on North Street , with a Major/Moderate and Significant impact. This is due to the fact that their existing view is over a single storey greenhouse nursery Appeal Site and their view will change to two storey dwellings. The case maybe different with respect to the dwellings on Langley Green as their existing views are towards the existing garages and vegetation beyond. The magnitude of change would be Slight with a Moderate and Not Significant effect. Their new view would be towards an area of proposed open space with proposed built form being further away than what exists at the moment. All the impacts could be reduced by tree and understorey planting within the proposed development. There would be Moderate temporary visual effects during the construction period.
Landscape Character Impacts
6.14 The landscape character impacts are discussed in the following section.
6.15 The landscape west of Lower Nazeing which includes the Appeal Site falls within one national character Northern Thames Basin (NCA 111) and one district character area Farmland Plateau Landscape Character Type C sub category C7 Roydon Hamlet being closely adjoined to C8 Bumbles Green The district character areas describes accurately the proposed Appeal Site in more detail than the National Character Area and has been used to assess the landscape character impact assessment.
6.16 The value of this landscape is defined against the criteria set out at Table 7.5 within Appendix A. In this context this landscape is not designated or recognised otherwise in a planning policy context, nor in my opinion does it have any particular physical attributes which would make it “valued”, in the sense of paragraph 109 of the Framework, and, consequently, the landscape is considered to be of Local Value. This is not say that local people may not attribute value to it, it being amongst other matters accessible from the nearby urban area, but this is not the same thing as being inherently valuable for its physical attributes and qualities. In evaluating the value of undesignated landscapes, in particular in respect of paragraph 109 of the Framework, it is useful to consider other factors (as defined at Box 5.1 of GLVIA3 page 84) to understand the specific attributes of value which an undesignated landscape may have to a greater or lesser degree. Such aspects include landscape condition, scenic quality, rarity, representativeness, conservation interests, recreation value, perceptual aspects and associations. In this regard the landscape of the Farmland Plateau Landscape Character Type C sub category C7 Roydon Hamlet is considered to have the following attributes of value:
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
Landscape quality (condition) – Generally in a poor physical state as the Appeal Site has been used intensively for Nursery production. A lot of the greenhouses and other buildings are in a state of disrepair and neglect. None of the boundary vegetation or the scrub within the Appeal Site have been managed. There are areas within the open areas that have had extensive storage of old cucumber plants, pots and plastic compost bags.
Scenic quality – Scenic quality varies with the only significant views out being to the west across the Lea Valley Flood Plain ;
Rarity – not a rare landscape within this part of the Northern Thames Basin. The Appeal Site has been intensively used for fruit and vegetable growing with the large green houses and outbuildings located on the Appeal Site;
Representativeness – Strongly representative of the Farmland Plateau Landscape Character Type C sub category C7 Roydon Hamlet where the Appeal Site is dominated by visible glasshouses.
Conservation interests – The ecological integrity is low as the Appeal Site has been intensively used for agricultural being fruit and vegetable growing.
Recreational value – There are no Public Rights of Way across the Appeal Site and the Appeal Site is not accessible to the public so there is no recreational value;
Perceptual aspects – The landscape context of the Appeal Site comprises of , adjoining urban areas and the immediate settlement of Lower Nazeing. The most sensitive perceptual aspects are the views towards the River Lea Country park to the west and south west; and,
Associations – Lower Nazeing to the east of the Appeal Site, once known as Nazeing Bury, the manor house attached to this settlement was the home to Catherine Parr, wife of Henry VIII, for a period of time
6.17 Overall, within the context of a Local Value landscape, this part of the Farmland Plateau Landscape Character Type C sub category C7 Roydon Hamlet demonstrates aspects of value which are representative of this landscape which would suggest that the value remains a Local Value.
6.18 An assessment of the landscape susceptibility of this part of the Farmland Plateau Landscape Character Type C sub category C7 Roydon Hamlet to this form of development requires an analysis of the key landscape characteristics and the ability of these to accept the type, scale and form of this development. The key physical characteristics of the Farmland Plateau Landscape Character Type C sub category C7
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Roydon Hamlet are exhibited in this context and include the local landscape comprising of dominant visible glasshouses contributing to landscape pattern along with views from the Appeal Site into and across the Lea Valley. To the north of the Appeal Site there are small patches of deciduous woodland which provide a sense of enclosure within views. The landscape is relatively tranquil in the vicinity and within the appeal Appeal Site however this is disturbed by the road corridors.
6.19 Overall it is considered that the landscape susceptibility of the Appeal Site and immediate context is Slight Susceptibility, as defined in Table 7.6 at Appendix A, in that the clarity of only some of the key characteristics of the landscape context are clearly expressed within the Appeal Site and the robustness of these to change is strong. The changes to landscape character that could be brought about by a development of the type, scale and location proposed would have a good compatibility with these factors.
6.20 Taken together with a Local Value, the Slight Susceptibility of this landscape to the potential effects of this form of development means that the landscape character of this area of the Farmland Plateau Landscape Character Type C sub category C7 Roydon Hamlet is of Moderate Sensitivity to new development. The published landscape character assessment also concurs with this assessment
6.21 Assessments of the magnitude of landscape effects are concerned with making “judgements about the size and scale of the effect, the extent of the area over which it occurs, whether it is reversible or irreversible and whether it is short or long term in duration” (GLVIA3 Glossary page 158). In terms of the key landscape elements that would be retained and not changed these include the existing boundary vegetation and the overall topographical form of the landscape, albeit modified to some extent. These are the primary contributors to the Appeal Site’s sense of scale and character and they would remain. The magnitude of landscape effects is based on the criteria and definitions used at Table 7.8 at Appendix A.
6.22 Changes to the key perceptual characteristics, i.e. how the development is seen and affects the landscape character, can be correlated to a large degree with the results of the visual impact assessment. This indicates the main visual changes would occur at viewpoints in relatively close proximity to the Appeal Site (Viewpoints 1,2, 3 4 and 5). In addition the key perceptual characteristics affected would be the change in character from an agricultural glasshouse to an urban development as well as the effect of this on the adjoining landscape character.
For these areas immediately adjacent or close to the new development the change in character would be perceived in the context of the adjoining residential uses. It is however considered that the proposals would become a noticeable additional feature in the landscape context and become a noticeable characteristic of that landscape. However it would not largely contrast with the existing developed character of the Appeal Site. The overall assessment of the magnitude of landscape character effects is a balance of both positive and negative aspects of the proposals and is considered to be a Slight adverse one in the short term (at Year 1), which when combined with a
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
landscape sensitivity assessment of Low sensitivity would result in an overall significance of effect of Minor, well below what would be considered to be significant in the terms expressed in the EIA Regulations. In the longer term, when the open space proposals and mitigation tree planting matures the benefits would increase and the overall magnitude would reduce to Negligible and the significance of this effect reduced further.
Green Belt
6.23 In this section we address the effect the appeal proposals would have on the perception of openness of the Green Belt. The issue is about whether and to what degree the proposals would be seen and would be seen to reduce the openness of the countryside from being free from development. In policy terms given that agricultural buildings (nursery production) are in principle not inappropriate the issue is whether the specific features of this development, would affect the perception of openness. There would be new built form but this is located to the east of the Appeal Site and be seen in close proximity to the existing conurbation of Lower Nazeling. The proposed open space and mitigation proposals would be located to the west of the Appeal Site where the perception of openness would be more readily perceived in the wider flatter local landscape.
6.24 In respect of the location and design of the proposed dwellings great care has been taken to create buildings of a suitable character and form to reduce their visual effects to a minimum. The car parking and roads have been carefully located to minimise views of it and it would be landscaped to reduce these effects. It is not possible to completely screen the proposed dwellings in the landscape but the number of views from which they would be seen is very limited and the degree of the effects and the significance of these effects is also limited.
6.25 We feel that the level of adverse effect on the perception of openness of the Appeal Site, would be minimal.
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7.0 LANDSCAPE STRATEGY
7.1 The aim is to create an attractive setting and to help absorb and assimilate the proposed Appeal Site development into its surroundings. Figure 24: Illustrative Masterplan provides an illustrative masterplan and landscape proposals. The overriding objectives of the Landscape Strategy are to conserve, manage and enhance the existing features along the Appeal Sites boundaries and to introduce new features that are characteristic of the wider landscape and to protect and enhance the visual amenity of local visual receptors. The landscape strategy can be summarised as follows:
Retention and positive management, where possible, of all trees and hedgerows along the Appeal Sites boundaries.
Additional screen planting along the southern and eastern boundary (to mitigate views from the adjoining residential areas) in the form of mixed native hedgerow and trees.
New groups of tree planting along the western edge of the proposed public open space and provision of new tree planting within the car parking courts
New street trees along access roads.
Creation of areas of open space and play area for the local community.
Improvement of the ecological value and potential of the Appeal Site, particularly along the western boundary with the provision of additional planting of native shrubs to fill in the gaps. The landscape strategy highlights the use of native species of local source and the adoption of a landscape maintenance regime designed to encourage wildlife and provide a range of habitat environments.
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
8.0 CONCLUSIONS
8.1 The main landscape and visual issues associated with the proposals are considered to be:
The visual impact on users of the public highways, public rights of way, and on nearby residencies; and
The character and appearance of the landscape;
8.2 The visual impact assessment has highlighted virtually all of the available views of the proposed development from the publicly accessible locations, i.e. those from public rights of way, roads, and nearby residences.
8.3 This has identified that in terms of the significance of the visual effects all the viewpoints will be Not Significant. Viewpoints 8 and 9 will have a Minor effect as these are taken from the existing conurbation with Lower Nazeing and the existing dwellings will provide natural screening of the proposed development. Viewpoints 1, 2, 5, 7, 10 and 11 will have a Moderate/ Minor effect. With respect to Viewpoints 1 and 2 this is due to the proposed open space within the development providing an enhancement to the local landscape and will provide screening of the proposed Appeal Site. Viewpoints 5, 7, 10 and 11 are categorised as high sensitivity due to being recreational routes. Although from all of the viewpoints the impact would be negligible the effect is Moderate/ Minor. Viewpoints 2, 3, 4 and 6 will have a Moderate effect. In all cases the receptors are deemed to be of high sensitivity and combined with a slight magnitude of change creates a Moderate effect. However as the mitigation planting within the proposed open space to the west of the development matures the effect may change to Minor
8.4 The residential properties which have the potential to view the proposed development include the houses along North Street to the east of the proposed development and the dwellings on Langley Green and Nazengbury Close to the south of the proposed development. In all cases the views will be filtered by existing boundary vegetation or in the case of Langley Green the existing garages to the rear of the dwellings. The magnitude of change at Year 1 would be Moderate from the dwellings on North Street , with a Major/Moderate and Significant impact. This is due to the fact that their existing view is over a single storey greenhouse nursery Appeal Site and their view will change to two storey dwellings. The case maybe different with respect to the dwellings on Langley Green as their existing views are towards the existing garages and vegetation beyond. The magnitude of change would be Slight with a Moderate and Not Significant effect. Their new view would be towards an area of proposed open space with proposed built form being further away than what exists at the moment. All the impacts could be
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reduced by tree and understorey planting within the proposed development. There would be Moderate temporary visual effects during the construction period.
8.5 Overall it is considered that the landscape susceptibility of the Appeal Site and immediate context is Slight Susceptibility. The character of the landscape is of Local Value, the Slight Susceptibility of this landscape to the potential effects of this form of development means that the landscape character of this area of the Farmland Plateau Landscape Character Type C sub category C7 Roydon Hamlet is of Moderate Sensitivity to new development. The published landscape character assessment also concurs with this assessment
8.6 The overall assessment of the magnitude of landscape character effects is a balance of both positive and negative aspects of the proposals and is considered to be a Slight adverse one in the short term (at Year 1), which when combined with a landscape sensitivity assessment of Low sensitivity would result in an overall significance of effect of Minor, well below what would be considered to be significant in the terms expressed in the EIA Regulations. In the longer term, when the open space proposals and mitigation tree planting matures the benefits would increase and the overall magnitude would reduce to Negligible and the significance of this effect reduced further.
8.7 This appraisal concludes that with the proposed sensitive design measure to minimise visual impact and to reflect local characteristics in terms of landscape features, elements and patterns, the proposed Appeal Site is suitable for a new residential development and the proposed development would have no material detrimental landscape or visual effects.
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
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APPENDIX A: METHODOLOGY
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
APPENDIX A: METHODOLOGY
Methodology
The landscape and visual impact assessment has followed established methodologies practised by the landscape profession and in accordance with ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment’ 3rd Edition, published by The Landscape Institute and Institute for Environmental Management & Assessment (April 2013). The photography has been undertaken in accordance with the Landscape Institute’s Advice Note 01/11 ‘Photography and Photomontage in Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment’ (January 2011).
The overall extent of the visibility of the proposals was established; this represents the Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) for the development. This was determined through a combination of desk top studies checked with fieldwork analysis, including the walking of most of the public highways and rights of way within the area. The desk top study identified the area from which it could potentially be possible to see a part of the development according to Ordnance Survey topographical information. The fieldwork then refined this area taking into account local features that would prevent these views, for example dense vegetation, local topographical changes, buildings or fences
The study area for the landscape and visual impact assessment was determined by the ZTV exercise. It was estimated that an area of 3.0km would be used for this assessment.
Tables 7.1 to 7.3 below set out the criteria for the assessments of the value and susceptibility of visual receptors (i.e. people) and, in combining these, to determine an overall assessment of visual receptor sensitivity. These are compatible with the principles outlined in paragraphs 6.30 – 6.41 of GLVIA3. Such categories are not strict and receptors may be more or less sensitive within each category depending on the particular circumstances. Table 7.4 sets out the terms and criteria used in the visual impact assessment to describe the magnitude of visual effects
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Table 7.1: Visual Receptor Value Criteria
Value of Location or View Description
Very High or National A scenic view in a landscape that has been designated at a national level, e.g. National Parks or Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, particularly Value views from a national long distance trail or promoted routes in these landscapes, or a recognised view to or from a distinctive feature designated at a national level, e.g. Scheduled Ancient Monument, Listed Building and Registered Historic Park & Garden. High or County Value A view from within a designated landscape or a popular view recognised in publications and/or visitor guides for promoted routes and locations of interest. Moderate or Community A view in an undesignated landscape which may be locally valued and Value displays evidence of responsible use. Low or Unvalued Where the landscape has been despoiled and there is evidence that society does not value the view or landscape Private Value A private view, e.g. from a residential property, that is likely to be valued by the occupants.
Table 7.2: Visual Receptor Susceptibility
Receptor Location Susceptibility Group
Residents High - would view the proposed development in the primary views from their property (e.g. principal living rooms and sitting areas in gardens), would be stationary or moving slowly about their property, would see the development on a daily basis, could be orientated towards the development, and would value these views.
High/Moderate - would view the proposed development in the secondary views from their property (e.g. bedrooms and driveway), would be stationary or moving slowly at these locations, would see the development on a daily basis, could be orientated towards the development, and would value these views.
Moderate - would view the proposed development from limited locations on their property (e.g. bathrooms and attic windows), would be stationary or moving slowly at these locations, would see the development on a daily basis, could be orientated towards the development, and would value these views. Recreational High - are stationery or moving slowly (e.g. walking, cycling or horse riding), Receptors can be orientated towards the development, are at that location primarily in order to enjoy the view/landscape.
High/Moderate - are stationery or moving slowly (e.g. walking, cycling or horse riding), can be orientated towards the development, are at that location primarily in order to enjoy the view/landscape but also for other purposes.
Moderate - are stationery or moving slowly, can be orientated towards the development, may be at that location in order to enjoy the view/landscape but
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
would have another primary purpose for being there (e.g. playing sport).
Road and rail users High/Moderate – in locations where they are moving steadily/swiftly, can be (motorists, orientated towards the development, are likely to be at that location primarily passengers, bus and in order to enjoy the view/landscape. train travellers) Moderate - in locations where they are moving steadily/swiftly, can be orientated towards the development, may be at that location in order to enjoy the view/landscape but may also have other purposes (e.g. journey to work).
Moderate/Low - in locations where they are moving swiftly, with a direction of travel that is oblique or side-on to the development, are likely to be travelling for a purpose other than in order to enjoy the view (e.g. higher speed long distance travel).
Outdoor workers Moderate - outdoor workers and school children in locations where they may be moving slowly, can be orientated towards the development, may experience the view on a daily basis, may be at that location in order to enjoy the view but will have other purposes.
Medium/Low - outdoor workers in locations where they may be moving slowly, can be orientated towards the development, may experience the view on a daily basis, but are at that location primarily to undertake activities unconnected with the view. Indoor workers Low - indoor receptors with limited views in this direction, who are in that location primarily to undertake activities unconnected with the view.
Table 7.3: Visual Receptor Sensitivity Criteria
Visual Receptor Description Sensitivity Very High Sensitivity Where the receptor would be stationary or moving slowly, would be likely to be exposed for consistent and prolonged periods and/or whose attention or main interest would be likely to be the landscape and views; particularly, but not necessarily limited to, users of promoted Public Rights of Way within landscapes designated at a national level, users of national trails and promoted long distance routes or at heritage assets, in these landscapes or other valued landscapes, where awareness of changes to visual amenity is likely to be acute. High Sensitivity Where the receptor would be stationary, moving slowly or steadily, would be likely to be exposed for consistent and prolonged periods and/or whose attention or interest is likely to include the landscape and views; typically residents at home, users of Public Rights of Way and country lanes, where awareness of changes to visual amenity is likely to be elevated. Moderate Sensitivity Where the receptor would be moving steadily or swiftly, would be likely to be exposed to the change for infrequent and short periods, and/or whose attention and interest may include the landscape or views but not primarily; typically travellers on roads, rail or other transport routes where awareness of change to visual amenity is likely to be limited. Low Sensitivity Where the receptor would be moving swiftly, would be exposed to the change occasionally and for very short periods, and/or whose attention or interest is not on views or landscape; typically people engaged in higher speed travel, engaged in organised outdoor sport (which does not involve an appreciation of views) and outdoor workers where the setting may be of importance to the quality of working life. Negligible Sensitivity Where the receptor would be predominantly inside and at their place of work
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focused on their work activity and where setting is not important to the quality of working life and awareness of change to visual amenity is likely to be negligible.
Table 7.4 Magnitude of Visual Effects Criteria
Magnitude of Change Description Very Substantial Where the proposed development would be perceived to be close to the viewpoint and openly visible in its entirety or near entirety, the development would be in stark contrast to the landscape context such that it would be the dominant feature in the scene. Substantial Where the proposed development would be perceived to be in the near or middle distance and visible in its entirety or partly screened, the development would contrast with the landscape context such that it would stand out as a prominent feature in the scene. Moderate Where the proposed development would be perceived to be in the middle distance and visible in its entirety or partly screened or at closer distances and more considerably screened, the development may contrast with the landscape context such that it would be evident as a noticeable feature in the scene. Slight Where the proposed development would be perceived to be in the distance or far distance and visible in its entirety or partly screened or at closer distances and substantially screened, the development may contrast with the landscape context such that it would be a visible feature in the scene. Negligible Where the proposed development would be perceived to be in the far distance, partly or largely screened or at closer distances and almost entirely screened, the development may contrast with the landscape context such that it would be a barely discernible feature
For landscape character effects, as per the principles outlined in paragraphs 5.38 – 5.57 of GLVIA3, assessments have been made as to landscape value and landscape susceptibility and, in combining these, to determine overall landscape sensitivity. The criteria used for assessing these are reproduced at Tables 7.5 to 7.7 below and the magnitude of landscape effects at Table 7.8.
Table 7.5 Landscape Value Criteria
Landscape Value Description International Value Where the landscape has been designated at an international level, e.g. a World Heritage Appeal Site, and the purposes of which include landscape and/or recreational opportunities.
National Value Where the landscape has been designated at a national level, e.g. National Parks (England, Scotland and Wales), Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (England, Wales and NI), Heritage Coasts (England and Wales), LANDMAP VSAA Outstanding Overall Evaluation (Wales) or where a landscape feature has been designated at a national level, e.g. Scheduled Ancient Monument, and forms a highly distinctive landscape feature. County/District Value Regional Parks, landscape designations in Structure, Unitary or Local Development Plans, LANDMAP VSAA High Overall Evaluation (Wales) or a landscape feature that has been designated at a County/Borough/District level and forms a distinctive landscape feature. Local Value For undesignated landscapes and landscape features which are locally valued, LANDMAP VSAA Moderate Overall Evaluation (Wales) and display evidence of responsible use and value. Unvalued Where the landscape and/or landscape features have been despoiled and
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
there is evidence that society does not value the landscape and/or landscape features, e.g. fly tipping, abandoned cars, litter, vandalism, etc.
Table 7.6 Landscape Susceptibility Criteria
Landscape Description Susceptibility
Very Susceptibility Where the clarity of the key characteristics are very strongly expressed and/or their robustness to change is fragile and/or views are an essential characteristic, and/or policies and strategies aim to achieve “no change” to landscape character, and the changes to landscape character that could be brought about by a development of the type, scale and location proposed would be incompatible with these factors. Susceptible Where the clarity of the key characteristics are strongly expressed and/or their robustness to change is weak and/or views are an important characteristic and/or policies and strategies aim to conserve the key characteristics, and the changes to landscape character that could be brought about by a development of the type, scale and location proposed would have a poor compatibility with these factors. Moderate Where the clarity of the key characteristics are clearly expressed and/or their susceptibility robustness to change is moderately strong and/or views contribute to landscape character and/or policies and strategies promote or accept limited changes to key characteristics, and the changes to landscape character that could be brought about by a development of the type, scale and location proposed would have a moderate compatibility with these factors. Slight susceptibility Where the clarity of the key characteristics are vaguely expressed and/or their robustness to change is strong and/or views are incidental to landscape character and/or policies and strategies promote or accept that the landscape could evolve, and the changes to landscape character that could be brought about by a development of the type, scale and location proposed would have a good compatibility with these factors. Negligible Where the key characteristics are muddled and/or their robustness to change susceptibility is very strong and/or views are irrelevant to landscape character and/or policies and strategies promote or accept major changes to key characteristics and the changes to landscape character that could be brought about by a development of the type, scale and location proposed would have excellent compatibility with these factors.
Table 7.7 Landscape Sensitivity Criteria
Landscape Value Description Very High sensitivity A landscape with international or national value and/or with features, elements, areas or special qualities of international or national value, that could be very susceptible to the type, scale and location of development proposed. High sensitivity A landscape with national or County/Borough/District value and/or with features, elements, areas or special qualities of national value, that could be susceptible to the type, scale and location of development proposed. Moderate sensitivity A landscape with County/Borough/District or local value and/or with features, elements, areas or special qualities of County/Borough/District or local value, that could have a moderate susceptibility to the type, scale and location of development proposed. Low sensitivity A landscape with local value and/or with features, elements, areas or
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special qualities of local value, that could have a slight susceptibility to the type, scale and location of development proposed. Negligible sensitivity A landscape that is unvalued and/or with features, elements, areas or special qualities that are unvalued, and that could have a negligible susceptibility to the type, scale and location of development proposed.
Table 7.8 Magnitude of Landscape Effects Criteria
Magnitude of Change Description Very Substantial Where the proposals would become a defining characteristic of the adverse (or beneficial) landscape, would override and be in stark contrast with (or would substantially enhance) the existing landscape context, would be in the context of no similar developments (or would reinstate particularly valued features that had been previously lost or degraded) and would be a dominant additional feature(s).
Substantial adverse Where the proposals would become a key characteristic of the landscape, (or beneficial) would compete with and detract from (or enhance) the existing landscape context, would be in the context of few similar developments (or would reinstate particularly valued features that had been previously lost or degraded) and would be a prominent additional feature(s). Moderate adverse (or Where the proposals would become a characteristic of the landscape and beneficial) would contrast with (or complement) the existing landscape context, may be in the context of a few similar developments (and/or would reinstate valued features that had been previously lost or degraded) and would be a noticeable additional feature(s). Slight adverse (or Where the proposals would become a characteristic of the landscape and beneficial) would contrast with (or complement) the existing landscape context, may be in the context of some similar developments (and/or would reinstate features that had been previously lost or degraded) and would be a visible additional feature(s). Negligible adverse (or Where the proposals) may contrast with (or would complement) the existing beneficial) landscape context, may be in the context of several similar developments (and/or would reinstate minor features that had been previously lost or degraded) and would be a barely discernible additional feature(s).
What constitutes a significant effect; the meaning of a significant effect in a broad planning context; and what weight should be attached to it, are all matters which do not have any specific definition in any related guidance. GLVIA3 requires the process of the assessment of significance to be clearly defined for each EIA project and to be expressed as transparently as possible. It defines (at Table 5.10 of the GLVIA3) a sliding scale of significance (for landscape effects) and, at Table 7.9 below, a matrix is used to help structure the overall assessment of the significance of landscape or visual effect when the magnitude of change is combined with sensitivity, together with the degree of significance that applies. The gradation invites the decision-maker to consider the amount of weight that should be applied based on the degree of significance as part of the planning balance. However, also identified are those effects which are considered to be significant in the terms required for assessment by the EIA Regulations (those highlighted in bold type and in the darker blue shaded boxes) as distinct from those which are not and the reasoning is set out within the narrative of the assessment.
Table 7.9 Overall Assessment of Landscape and Visual Effects Criteria (Significance)
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Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
Magnitude of change Receptor/ Very Substantial Moderate Slight Negligible character Substantial area sensitivity Very High Major ++ Major + Major Major - Moderate Moderate High Major + Major Major - Moderate Moderate - Minor Moderate Moderate Major Major - Moderate Moderate - Minor Moderate Minor Low Major - Moderate Moderate - Minor Minor - Negligible Moderate Minor
Negligible Moderate Moderate - Minor Minor - Negligible Minor Negligible
Key
Significant effect Potentially significant effect considered with other viewpoint effect evaluations Not a significant effect
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APPENDIX B: National Character Area Profile: North Thames Basin (NCA111)
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National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
www.naturalengland.org.uk
1 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Introduction National Character Areas map
As part of Natural England’s responsibilities as set out in the Natural Environment White Paper1, Biodiversity 20202 and the European Landscape Convention3, we are revising profiles for England’s 159 National Character Areas (NCAs). These are areas that share similar landscape characteristics, and which follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision-making framework for the natural environment.
NCA profiles are guidance documents which can help communities to inform their decision-making about the places that they live in and care for. The information they contain will support the planning of conservation initiatives at a landscape scale, inform the delivery of Nature Improvement Areas and encourage broader partnership working through Local Nature Partnerships. The profiles will also help to inform choices about how land is managed and can change.
Each profile includes a description of the natural and cultural features that shape our landscapes, how the landscape has changed over time, the current key drivers for ongoing change, and a broad analysis of each area’s characteristics and ecosystem services. Statements of Environmental Opportunity (SEOs) are suggested, which draw on this integrated information. The SEOs offer guidance on the critical issues, which could help to achieve sustainable growth and a more secure environmental future. 1 The Natural Choice: Securing the Value of Nature, Defra NCA profiles are working documents which draw on current evidence and (2011; URL: www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm80/8082/8082.pdf) 2 knowledge. We will aim to refresh and update them periodically as new Biodiversity 2020: A Strategy for England’s Wildlife and Ecosystem Services, Defra information becomes available to us. (2011; URL: www.defra.gov.uk/publications/files/pb13583-biodiversity-strategy-2020-111111.pdf) 3 European Landscape Convention, Council of Europe We would like to hear how useful the NCA profiles are to you. You can contact the (2000; URL: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm) NCA team by emailing [email protected]
2 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Summary
The Northern Thames Basin is a diverse area which extends from Hertfordshire There are a wide variety of semi-natural habitats in the area and these support in the west to the Essex coast in the east. It is separated from the North Sea and many important species. However, the habitats have become fragmented Thames Estuary by a narrow band of land that makes up the Greater Thames over time and a landscape-scale approach is needed to connect them so Estuary National Character Area (NCA). Included within this NCA are the that they can be sustained and provide beneficial functions including; suburbs of North London and also historic towns and cities including St. Albans increasing pollinating insects, acting as flood defences and water storage and Colchester, as well as new and planned towns such as Welwyn Garden areas, preventing soil erosion and helping to improve soil and water quality City, Hatfield and Basildon. Although arable agriculture is a large industry in as well as maintaining the area’s sense of place and history. This NCA includes the area the soil quality ranges from good to poor quality. The London Clay many internationally and nationally designated sites including 72 Sites of provides a poor quality soil that becomes waterlogged in winter and cracks Special Scientific Interest (20 of which are designated wholly or in part for and shrinks in summer. Better quality soil is found in areas that contain alluvial their national geological importance), 6 Ramsar sites, 6 Special Protection deposits from the Thames and other rivers in the area as they formed and Areas, 3 Special Areas of Conservation and 2 National Nature Reserves. The changed position over time. majority of these sites are estuaries and woodlands. The The Northern Thames Basin is an area rich in geodiversity, archaeology and history estuaries support migrating and diverse landscapes ranging from the wooded Hertfordshire plateaux and and overwintering birds as well river valleys, to the open landscape and predominantly arable area of the Essex as rare or locally important heathlands, with areas of urbanisation mixed in throughout. Urban expansion has plants and invertebrates. been a feature of this area since the 16th century when wealthy merchants who The selected woodlands are were conducting business in London built homes on its outskirts, mainly in the ancient and have a long history Hertfordshire area. This trend increased dramatically from the mid-19th century of management through as infrastructure improved and people could travel to work in London from the coppicing and pollarding, surrounding areas in an hour or less. This has put increased pressure on the area in which has allowed rich ground terms of extra housing developments, schools and other necessities for expanding flora to develop and also populations, with a consequential reduction in tranquillity. Tranquil areas can still supports rare mosses and be found in parts of Hertfordshire and Essex in areas that have a more dispersed deadwood invertebrates. settlement pattern broken up by arable land and semi-natural habitats. Click map to enlarge; click again to reduce.
3 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
The main changes to the area have resulted from increased construction and commercial-scale farming. Both of these have increased pressures on water availability, water flow, soil quality, biodiversity and sense of place. Although housing, other construction and agriculture are significant for the area it is important that these are developed in a sustainable way so that predicted changes in climate and the effects on the area’s character are considered and sense of place and history are preserved.
The main opportunities available to this area are the continuation of the agricultural tradition, but within this land management should consider methods that are more sustainable in terms of water use and soil quality in order for it to continue to be a viable industry in the future. The areas of various semi-natural habitats also present opportunities to improve water storage and soil quality for surrounding agricultural land as well as to increase advantageous species that will aid pollination and reduce pest species. In addition to this the woodlands in the area could be an important resource to supply timber and fuel to the local area if they were managed effectively.
Farmland next to the River Colne in Essex.
4 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Statements of Environmental Opportunity
SEO 1: Manage rivers and river valleys to protect and improve water quality and help to alleviate flooding in the downstream urban areas, while also helping to improve aquifer recharge and provide a sufficient store of water to meet future need, especially with predicted climatic changes. Conserve the riparian landscapes and habitats, for their recreational and educational amenity for their internationally significant ecological value.
SEO 2: Manage the agricultural landscape and diverse range of soils which allow the Northern Thames Basin to be a major food provider, using methods and crops that retain and improve soil quality, water availability and biodiversity.
SEO 3: Protect and appropriately manage the historic environment for its contribution to local character and sense of identity and as a framework for habitat restoration and sustainable development, ensuring high design standards (particularly in the London Green Belt) which respect the open and built character of the Thames Basin. Enhance and increase access between Ancient woodland at Pound Wood in Benfleet, Essex. rural and urban areas through good green infrastructure links to allow local communities recreational, health and wellbeing benefits.
SEO 4: Manage and expand the significant areas of broadleaf woodland and wood pasture, and increase tree cover within urban areas, for the green infrastructure links and important habitats that they provide, for the sense of tranquillity they bring, their ability to screen urban influences and their role in reducing heat island effect and sequestering and storing carbon.
5 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Description Physical and functional links to other National Character Areas
The Northern Thames Basin forms the rising land above the low-lying marshy landscapes adjoining the coast and estuaries of the Greater Thames Estuary and the Suffolk Coast and Heaths National Character Areas (NCAs) to its east and south-east extent and enjoys associated views of these areas. Chalk geology commonly underpins this NCA and the neighbouring Chilterns and South Suffolk and North Essex Claylands NCAs to the west and north; The Chilterns, a formation of chalk hills and plateaux with a prominent escarpment, offers views across to this similarly elevated NCA. To the south-west the Thames Valley NCA forms a wedge-shaped area containing the open Thames flood plain surrounded by rolling clay farmland. Directly south is the Inner London NCA on the banks of the Thames where the river valley widens out into a broad flood plain.
The London Basin Chalk aquifer, which underlies much of the western section of the Northern Thames Basin NCA, is the principal aquifer supplying water Major transport links include the M25 motorway. to Inner London. The Chalk is confined in the basin by the overlying Tertiary formations of London Clay, which means recharge largely occurs in the Heaths NCA. The urban character in the south of the Northern Thames Basin extensive Chalk outcrop of the Northern Thames Basin and into the Chilterns continues into the Thames Valley and Greater Thames Estuary NCAs. NCA to the north and the North Downs to the south. The landscape becomes extensively urbanised towards the Inner London NCA A small part of the Dedham Vale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and includes major transport links from outside the area such as the East Coast straddles the eastern edge of this NCA, the more northerly South Suffolk and mainline railway, M11 which connects to London and Cambridgeshire, the M1 North Essex Claylands and the south- western tip of the Suffolk Coast and which passes north-west through the Chilterns to the Midlands beyond, and
6 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
the M25 which provides circular access to all parts of London and the south. Important A roads providing wide physical links include the A12 and A120 and the A1(M), which has a similar route to the M1 but diverts towards the East Anglian Chalk and Bedfordshire Claylands NCAs.
Many watercourses feed in or flow from surrounding areas, often along courses incised into boulder clays or tills, for instance the Blackwater and Colne flowing from the South Suffolk and North Essex Claylands and the Ver and Lea from the westerly Chilterns NCA which flow into Hertfordshire before joining the Thames in inner London. These, along with others, form a series of river valleys draining south to the Thames and east to the North Sea and Thames Estuary, including the Roding, Wid, Chelmer, Roach and Crouch. Also notable is the Grand Union Canal, which runs from here through several other NCAs northwards to Birmingham.
Distinct areas
■■ Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys
■■ Essex wooded hills and ridges River Mimram valley flood plain, Hertfordshire.
■■ London Clay lowlands
■■ Essex heathlands
7 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Key characteristics heathlands 18th- and 19th-century enclosure of heathlands and commons followed by extensive 20th-century field enlargement is dominant. ■■ The landform is varied with a wide plateau divided by river valleys. The ■■ Mixed farming, with arable land predominating in the Hertfordshire prominent hills and ridges of the ‘Bagshot Hills’ are notable to the north- plateaux, parts of the London Clay lowlands and Essex heathlands. west and extensive tracts of flat land are found in the south. Grasslands are characteristic of the river valleys throughout. Horticulture ■■ Characteristic of the area is a layer of thick clay producing heavy, acidic and market gardening are found on the light, sandy soils of former heaths soils, resulting in retention of considerable areas of ancient woodland. in Essex, particularly around Colchester, along with orchards, meadow ■■ Areas capped by glacial sands and gravels have resulted in nutrient-poor, pasture and leys following numerous narrow rivers and streams. free-draining soils which support remnant lowland heathlands, although ■■ The diverse range of semi-natural habitats include ancient woodland, these are now small. Areas that have alluvial deposits present are well lowland heath and floodplain grazing marsh and provide important drained and fertile. habitats for a wide range of species including great crested newt, water ■■ The water bearing underlying Chalk beds are a main source of recharge vole, dormouse and otter. for the principal London Basin Chalk aquifer. ■■ Rich archaeology including sites related to Roman occupation, with the ■■ A diverse landscape with a series of broad valleys containing the major Roman capital at Colchester and City of St Albans (Verulamium) and links rivers Ver, Colne and Lea, and slightly steeper valleys of the rivers Stour, to London. Landscape parklands surrounding 16th- and 17th-century rural Colne and Roman. Numerous springs rise at the base of the Bagshot Beds estates and country houses built for London merchants are a particular and several reservoirs are dotted throughout the area feature in Hertfordshire. ■■ The pattern of woodlands is varied across the area and includes ■■ The medieval pattern of small villages and dispersed farming settlement considerable ancient semi-natural woodland. Hertfordshire is heavily remains central to the character of parts of Hertfordshire and Essex. wooded in some areas as are parts of Essex, while other areas within Market towns have expanded over time as have the London suburbs and Essex are more open in character. Significant areas of wood pasture and commuter settlements, with the creation of new settlements such as the pollarded veteran trees are also present. pioneering garden city at Welwyn and the planned town at Basildon. ■■ The field pattern is very varied across the basin reflecting historical ■■ Brick-built dwellings are characteristic from the late 17th century onwards. activity. Informal patterns of 18th-century or earlier enclosure reflect Prior to this dwellings and farm buildings tended to be timber built with medieval colonisation of the heaths. Regular planned enclosures dating weatherboarding, now mainly painted white but traditionally black or from the Romano-British period are a subtle but nationally important tarred, and whitewashed plaster walls. feature on the flat land to the south-east of the area. In the Essex
8 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Northern Thames Basin today
The Northern Thames Basin is a large and diverse landscape with a similar overarching character of agricultural land, interspersed with woodland, dissected by rivers and influenced by the urban areas of North London. It falls naturally into several distinct areas, shaped by their geology, topography and land use which are called: Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys, Essex wooded hills and ridges, London Clay lowlands and the Essex heathlands
The Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys to the north-west of the NCA are high, broad arable plateaux divided by wooded and pastured valleys which have a mainly rural feel with, on the whole, small developments. Rivers that drain the plateaux are the Colne, Ver and Lea and the soils are mainly underlain with London Clay, resulting in heavy, acidic, nutrient-poor soils with poor drainage; however, in the river valleys alluvial deposits provide fertile and well-drained soils. The area is underlain by extensive Chalk beds of the principal London Basin chalk aquifer, which provides the main source of water for London. Recharge of Grazing marsh at Kings Meads Valley Meadowlands alongside the urban landscape of Hertford. the aquifer largely occurs from the Chalk as water flows underground to London from the Chilterns, and water quality and availability within the aquifer are largely dependent on land management practices in the area. and hornbeam coppice. Isolated areas of remnant heathland survive within commons. The area retains a substantial legacy of funerary monuments and While the plateaux are predominantly in arable use, the valleys by contrast settlement sites associated with the prehistoric period and was intensively contain areas of pasture and have a more intimate character, although some settled in the Roman times, with a number of major and minor towns (including have been heavily modified by reservoirs, gravel workings, landfill sites and St Albans and Welwyn) having a Roman origin. Today, a medieval pattern river realignments. The valleys contain all the main settlements within the area. of small villages and dispersed farming settlement is central to the area’s Field boundaries are dominated by informal enclosure patterns of the 18th character and there is good survival of medieval timber-framed houses and century, with thorn hedges relating to rationalisation and amalgamation of this barns, moated sites and small medieval castles. The 16th and 17th centuries saw pattern in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is a well-wooded landscape, especially the growth of rural estates and country houses for London merchants and the to the east, with a number of ancient broadleaved woodlands including oak landscape parklands surrounding these houses are a particular feature of the
9 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
area today. The area merges with the outer London suburbs of Enfield, Barnet, complexes within the area: Wormley and Hoddesdon Park Wood, which is a Harrow, Hillingdon and Hounslow. It also contains many large towns including Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and Broxbourne Wood, which is a National Watford, Hatfield, Hertford and St Albans which have developed as commuter Nature Reserve (NNR). Wormley and Hoddesdon Park Wood is an almost settlements as well as the pioneering and influential garden cities of Ebenezer exclusively hornbeam woodland which has been managed through coppicing Howard at later Welwyn. Road and rail routes plus utility infrastructure are now with oak standards. The ground flora supports bluebells and great wood-rush dominant features of some parts of the area. To the far south the area is heavily as well as important mosses. Broxbourne Wood is an ancient woodland which urbanised as it becomes part of London, where housing, industrial areas and supports the rare butterfly purple emperor and also has historical value as the shops dominate. Green areas are restricted to city parks, grassed areas in front area has been managed since Roman and medieval times as a source of wood of housing developments and residents’ gardens. The Essex wooded hills and ridges lie to the east of the Hertfordshire plateaux The Lea Valley within the area has been exploited for supplying London with and river valleys to the north of the NCA. This area has several ridges where the water and for generating power for a wide range of industries, together with soils are acidic and stony and have low fertility but are easily cultivated. This extraction of sand and gravel. This historic use has underpinned its current and the wet soils at the base of the Bagshot Beds limit the agricultural potential importance for wildlife. The Lower Lea valley, which lies in the south of the area for the hill slopes, but farmland can be found in the lower-lying areas. The and in the adjacent Inner London NCA, was heavily regenerated for the 2012 ridges of Epping Forest, Brentwood to High Wood, Thorndon to Billericay and London Olympics, bringing ecological landscape, recreational and economic Danbury to Wickham Bishops are dissected by the river valleys of the Roding, benefit. Wid and Chelmer. The Ter, Brain and Blackwater also contribute to the drainage of the area and Hanningfield Reservoir provides an area of open water. The designations afforded to this area are Ramsar, which is an international designation for wetland habitats, and Special Protection Area (SPA), which is This area is in the central part of the NCA, and extends roughly from Epping a European designation; also, within the Lea Valley and the surrounding areas Forest in the west to Danbury in the east. It is a transitional landscape between there are many Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The main reasons for the London Clay lowlands and the South Suffolk and North Essex Claylands the designations within the Lea Valley area are its importance as a wetland site; NCA. It is formed by a series of hills and ridges created by the resistant Bagshot wetlands and reservoirs occupy a large part of the valley and support many Sands which rise up above the clay lowland as at Epping Forest, Brentwood to important overwintering waterfowl. The species of particular importance are High Wood, Thorndon to Billericay and Danbury to Tiptree. These well-wooded bittern, which over-winter in the reedbeds in the area which at peak times hills contain extensive areas of ancient woodland, remnant wood pasture and can support around 6 per cent of the UK’s population, as well as gadwall and secondary woodland on commons as well as more recent plantations. These shoveler which also over-winter here (representing almost 2 per cent of their include the substantial wooded areas of Hainault Forest and Epping Forest, overwintering European population). There are also two important woodland formerly Royal Forests, now managed for conservation and recreation.
10 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Historically, settlement was sparse with scattered villages associated with the commons and areas of wood pasture. Today, settlement is dominated by large, 20th-century urban areas. The A12, the former Roman road connecting London with Colchester, is a major commuter route through the area.
Within this area Epping Forest is an important site for wildlife and as such has been designated as an SAC. The main reason that this site is important is the beech forests found here and the rare species that these support – rare mosses and also fungi and deadwood invertebrates owing to the high number of veteran trees present. Also found here are significant populations of stag beetle.
The London Clay lowlands lie south and east of the Essex wooded hills and ridges and are characterised by the heavy, acidic soils associated with this area, which is the dominant feature of the London Basin, although lighter soils can be found on some footslopes. The heavy soils are difficult to drain and easily become waterlogged. The area is drained by numerous rivers such as the Roach, Crouch and Blackwater, which merge to create the flat marshes to the east. The large expanse of open water at Abberton Reservoir, formed by the damming of the Layer Brook on its way to the Roman River, is a notable feature. Wet heathland, acid grassland and coppiced ancient woodland at Bricket Wood Common, Hertfordshire. This area embraces the outer east London suburbs at Grays and Thurrock and extends eastwards to the Dengie Peninsula. It includes the town of Basildon. of the landscape today. The heavy clays were difficult to work and remained This area is essentially a flat to gently undulating lowland landscape. Local in pasture; however, during the 1950s and 1960s the land was improved so that variation is created by the Laindon and Hockley Hills, formed of the more arable is now also a dominant land use. By contrast, the hills around Laindon, resistant sandy Bagshot Beds which cap the clay. Hockley and Rayleigh are relatively well wooded. In addition, 19th- and 20th- century plantations and regenerated, formerly urbanised plotland landscapes The east of the area is characterised by a planned Roman landscape with a add a further wooded aspect to parts of the area. The landscape today has an rectilinear pattern of fields which is a nationally important but subtle feature urban character, including the expanded resort of Southend, the 1950s planned
11 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
town of Basildon and extensive 20th-century commuter settlements such as at Colchester and the Tendring plain. It is separated from the North Sea and Laindon and Rayleigh. Large areas of recreational land including parkland, golf Thames Estuary by a narrow strip of coastal marshes which form part of the courses and horse paddocks serve the urban population. Greater Thames Estuary.
This area has many important wetland sites including Abberton Reservoir The area consists of a broad, sandy plateau created by ancient river deposits (designated as a Ramsar site and SPA) and also two reservoir areas recognised from the Thames. Historically it was dominated by extensive heaths and as SPA, the Crouch and Roach Estuary and Blackwater Estuary: however, commons, although these are now restricted to isolated fragments of only a small proportion of the two estuaries is found in this NCA with the heath and scrub within an intensively farmed and largely arable agricultural majority falling within the Greater Thames Estuary. Abberton Reservoir is a landscape. Agriculture includes improved grassland and arable fields as well as significant site as it supports many important overwintering waterfowl such distinctive areas of horticulture and market gardening associated with the light, as golden plover, gadwall, shoveler and teal, as well as breeding cormorant, sandy soils of former heaths. Orchards are a feature around Colchester. and also qualifies as a wetland of importance as it supports more than 20,000 waterfowl. The Crouch and Roach Estuary is an important site for overwintering A pattern of small but intricate creeks and valleys breaks up the plateau edges dark-bellied Brent goose and the Blackwater Estuary (which is also an NNR) is where the land falls to the Thames Estuary along the coast and extends the important for overwintering avocet, golden plover, hen harrier, dark-bellied coastal influence inland. The narrow river valleys which incise the plateau also Brent goose, redshank and breeding little tern: it too is recognised as a wetland create areas of contrasting enclosed landscape, with abundant woodland and of international importance because it supports more than 20,000 waterfowl. meadows, some with wider flood plains and wetland vegetation. Much of the woodland is ancient; however, in general the plateau has an open, treeless The Essex heathlands lie north-east of the London Clay lowlands and Essex character owing to the loss of field boundaries. wooded hills and ridges, in the north-east of the NCA. The geology of the area is predominantly sands and gravels, which were deposited by the Thames as it Vernacular buildings are constructed of timber, with either weatherboarding or changed its course over time to its present location. Around the Tendring area whitewashed plaster. The principal settlement is Colchester, the walled Roman deposits of wind-borne silty loam overlie the sands and gravels but overall the soils capital and England’s oldest town, dating from 49 AD. are light and free draining. The area is relatively flat with contrast provided by the steep-sided slopes of the Stour, Colne and Roman river valleys which, along with Within this area is Hamford Water, designated as a Ramsar site as well as their tributaries, drain the plateau and are eventually discharged into the North Sea. an SPA and SSSI owing to the important waterfowl that use it. Many species over-winter here, including avocet, golden plover, ruff, black-tailed godwit, The east of this area is broadly bounded by the Stour Estuary to the north grey plover, ringed plover and teal – up to 25 per cent of the UK population and the Thames Estuary to the south and east, and covers the land around of overwintering avocet has been recorded here. In addition, little tern use it
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as a breeding site and the area is considered to be a wetland of international The landscape through time importance as it supports more than 20,000 waterfowl. Part of the Colne Estuary is in this area (although the majority of it falls within the Greater Thames The NCA is the northern part of the London Basin, a broad, concave fold which Estuary NCA); this is also a Ramsar site and SPA, and of national importance for opens out towards the East Coast. This structure means that the oldest rock strata geology. Similar species are found here to those found in Hamford Water, and are at the periphery, with younger deposits towards the centre. Chalk deposited in in addition overwintering hen harrier, dark-bellied Brent goose and redshank. the tropical seas of the Cretaceous Period (65–95 million years ago) underlies the area This area is also considered a wetland of international importance and includes and forms the bedrock of adjacent NCAs, extending beneath London and providing a small part of the predominantly pastoral character of the Dedham Vale AONB. the major aquifer for the capital. The folded structure, a syncline, developed some St Osyth marsh is an important site for salt marsh morphology dating back 20–40 million years ago during the Tertiary Era (2–64 million years ago) at the time around 4,000 years, while geological exposures at East Mersea show important that the Alps were being formed in southern Europe. During this period of uplift, deposits beneath gravels which are attributed to the Thames and Medway the area became dry land and rivers developed, including the proto-Thames system and are of considerable importance in Pleistocene studies. along a course to the north of its present location. Overlying the chalk is a series of sands and mudstones (Reading Beds) deposited during the Tertiary Era by ancient The whole area is a combination of countryside mixed in with urban areas, with river systems that drained into the basin. The thick layer of London Clay which important habitats and species, especially woodland and wetland habitats characterises this NCA today was laid down as a sequence of fossiliferous, shallow and associated species. The rural area acts as a recreational opportunity for marine sediments under semi-tropical seas some 55 million years ago. Overlying the those living in the surrounding towns and cities and the urban areas offer London Clay are sands and clays of the Bagshot, Barton and Bracklesham Beds. work and recreation opportunities for those living in more isolated villages and settlements in the rural environment. There is strong historical association The diverse geology has considerable influence on the landscape. The London throughout the area owing to its close proximity to London and the Roman Clays are heavy and typically difficult to work, resulting in the retention of occupation of Colchester and the links that this creates within the area as pasture and considerable areas of ancient woodland. The lighter, sandy soils a whole. Dedham Vale is strongly associated with the artist John Constable of the Bagshot Beds are likely to have remained relatively open and unwooded whose paintings were inspired by the landscape. since prehistoric times and areas of remnant heath are a feature, particularly within the Essex heathlands and wooded hills. In Essex, the harder rocks of Bagshot Beds deposits form distinctive features, creating low hills and ridges such as at Danbury Hill, rising to a high point of 116 m.
The Quaternary deposits which overlie the clay provide an insight into Britain’s most recent geological past. The Anglian ice sheet which reached
13 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
the outskirts of London approximately 500,000 years ago (evidenced at Hornchurch SSSI) advanced to the rim of the basin, leaving a series of glacial sands, gravels and clays and moving the course of the Thames southwards to its present location. Quaternary deposits have yielded artefacts illustrating early human presence (approximately 300,000 years ago) in the Thames Basin and more recently the evolution of prehistoric society. By the time that Britain was cut off as an island during the Holocene, humans had settled along the margins of the Thames and its tributaries. The light, sandy soils of the Essex heathlands to the east are particularly rich in buried archaeological remains associated with prehistoric and Roman occupation. Funerary monuments and settlement sites visible as cropmarks and earthworks are also a feature of the Hertfordshire plateaux and valleys and were extensively cleared and occupied in the prehistoric period. Here, the limited survival of coaxial field systems potentially of bronze-age origin is highly significant.
Roman occupation has left a significant impact on the area. A major road, now the A12, connected the Roman capital at Colchester to London. Other major Traditional medieval timber-framed houses in Colchester, Essex. and minor Roman towns and cities include St Albans and Welwyn and there are extensive villa estates, notably in the west of the area (in Hertfordshire). Also in Hertfordshire, the distinctive settlement pattern of ‘homestead moats’ aligned Throughout the Northern Thames Basin, settlement is essentially based on a with the grid pattern is thought to be influenced by Roman estate management pattern of dispersed nucleated villages and farming settlements established techniques. The London Clay lowlands are also characterised by planned in the medieval period. Post-Roman decline in Hertfordshire is evident in landscapes created during the Roman period, forming a still distinct rectilinear the number of medieval place names and settlement patterns which imply pattern of enclosure on the Dengie Peninsula and in the area between re-colonisation and clearance of a wooded landscape and late-medieval Thurrock and Wickford. By comparison, the central part of the NCA (the Essex timber-framed houses and moated sites are a distinctive feature. In the Essex wooded hills) was relatively sparsely settled. Orchards were established around heathlands the dispersed settlement pattern was established within extensive Colchester, as well as a significant area of meadow pasture and leys following tracts of heathland. In the London Clay lowlands some larger villages and small the numerous narrow rivers and streams. towns developed in the medieval period associated with local centres of civil
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or religious authority. The exception to this dispersed pattern is in the Essex wooded hills where settlement remained sparse in the medieval period and was associated with the extensive commons or management of wood pasture and other resources belonging to medieval monastic houses.
The 16th, 17th and 18th centuries saw the growing influence of London, particularly in Hertfordshire, with the growth of market towns and rural estates and country houses for London merchants. Profitable farming conditions saw the demise of much medieval parkland in the 17th and 18th centuries, alongside the growth of substantial farming estates for the London merchants, rising nobility and gentry. The remaining associated parkland landscapes form a distinctive feature of the area today, particularly within the Hertfordshire plateaux area.
Industries based on agricultural produce (such as malting and brewing, paper making, hat making and tanneries) contributed to the prosperity of the market towns and developed further in the 19th century, aided by the growth in communications. This also stimulated the development of commuter settlements in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the urbanisation and expansion of existing towns and villages. The creation of new settlements is a particular feature, with the pioneering garden city at Welwyn and the planned 1950s town of Basildon. The edge of London has also expanded outwards with suburbs now embracing former villages. Communication routes – motorways (the M1, Mixed coppice ancient woodland at Norsey Wood near Billericay, Essex. A1(M) and M11), main roads and railways running north–south connecting to London, plus the M25 radial route – are dominant features. the Thames Gateway, Haven Gateway and other strategic growth points such In the 1970s Dutch elm disease transformed many parts of the landscape, as Chelmsford, identified in the East of England Improvement Plan, the Lea with the loss of tree and woodland cover, and the area continues to change Valley regeneration area (including the Olympics legacy) and changes in the with pressure for housing and industrial growth associated with, for instance, agricultural landscape.
15 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Ecosystem services Regulating services (water purification, air quality maintenance and climate regulation) The Northern Thames Basin NCA provides a wide range of benefits to society. ■■ Climate regulation: Soils, woodland and hedgerows are likely to be Each is derived from the attributes and processes (both natural and cultural significant stores of organic carbon across this area. features) within the area. These benefits are known collectively as ‘ecosystem services’. The predominant services are summarised below. Further information ■■ Water availability: The Chalk which underlies the west of the area is on ecosystem services provided in the Northern Thames Basin NCA is extensively abstracted for drinking water in the NCA and provides a main contained in the ‘Analysis’ section of this document. source of recharge for the principal aquifer supplying Inner London.
Provisioning services (food, fibre and water supply) ■■ Regulating soil erosion: The sandy soils of the Essex heathlands and hills and ridges ■■ Food provision: This is a predominantly arable landscape with arable crops are susceptible to erosion if high risk crops are cultivated on sloping ground and in dry covering 53 per cent of the area – primarily wheat and oilseed rape. The area summers will become increasingly prone to wind erosion if they are left exposed. The also includes a sizeable sheep flock (approximately 18,800 breeding ewes restoration of hedgerows across the landscape can reduce the scale of wind erosion. in 2007) but relatively few cattle (only approximately 2,600 breeding dairy cattle and 3,200 breeding beef cattle), all of which have declined in number since 2000.
■■ Timber provision: The area only has 6 per cent woodland cover. This resource is unevenly distributed and some parts of the NCA have a relatively high woodland cover. The main areas of commercial timber are the coniferous plantations situated on former lime tree woods in the river valleys of Hertfordshire; these cover some 0.7 per cent of the total area of the NCA.
■■ Genetic diversity: Remnant traditional orchards provide a genetic stock of old apple varieties, many of which are no longer commercial. There are also rare animal breeds associated with the area including the British Saddleback Pig (which is partially bred from the Essex Pig), White Park Cattle, Red Poll Cattle, Jacob Sheep, Bagot Goat, Hackney Horse, Hackney Pony, shire horses The River Lee near Hertford. and British Percheron Horse.
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■■ Regulating soil quality: This NCA has a range of soil types and the condition woodlands and trees of the area – the Broxbourne Woods and Epping Forest – of these soils varies significantly. Within the area as a whole more than 50 and also the built environment, including significant estates. per cent of the land is classified as excellent to good/moderate quality, which supports a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops. ■■ Recreation: There is a strong appreciation of the local landscape as a ‘green lung’, offering opportunities for active and passive recreation away from the ■■ Regulating water quality: The rivers flowing south and east from the chalk Greater London conurbation, and a ready recognition of the coast as offering a strata into the Thames and to the coast are of variable ecological quality. While nearby visitor destination. The easy accessibility of the countryside and coast is most are considered to be of moderate quality, parts of the Lea are of poor a very important aspect of the lives of local residents. quality as are some of the smaller rivers, such as the Rib. These classifications are based on results from the Environment Agency within their work under the ■■ Biodiversity: The diverse range of semi-natural habitats present in the NCA, European Water Framework Directive. Land management practices within the which includes 3 SAC and 3 SPAs, include ancient woodland, lowland heath NCA will have a major impact on water quality in the underlying aquifer. and floodplain grazing marsh and provide important habitats for a wide range of species including great crested newt, water vole, dormouse and otter. The ■■ Pollination: The areas of semi-natural habitat – heathlands, grasslands and area is also important for wetland birds, especially the Ramsar wetland sites of woodland edges in parts of Essex and Hertfordshire – provide important Lee Valley, Hamford Water and Abberton Reservoir. habitats for pollinating insects. The extensive agricultural lands can provide habitats in the form of hedgerows, edges of farm tracks and ‘set aside’ areas. ■■ Geodiversity: The area has a clear identity created by the geodiversity This in turn will be beneficial for food production through pollination of underpinning the diverse landscape. The underlying sediments themselves food crops, particularly oilseed rape, through pollinating invertebrates. contain a record of ancient landscapes and climates. There are 20 geological SSSI in the area and 3 Local Geological Sites which are of local and national importance. ■■ Pest regulation: The presence of semi-natural habitats such as grasslands, These sites preserve important deposits of chalk stratigraphy and evidence for the woodlands, road-side verges and uncut farm tracks can provide overwintering formation of the London Clay as well as conserving several key geomorphological habitats for beneficial predatory invertebrates which will help to control features. The majority of sites within this NCA, however, preserve evidence for populations of many pest species. An example of this is the Carabidae family of past glaciations and the evolution of the Thames during the Quaternary. These beetles which feed on a number of pest species. Careful management of land sedimentary deposits and the fossils contained within them represent significant to encourage such species can reduce the need for chemical control measures. records of climate and environmental change that provide an important context for our understanding of and insights into the potential impacts of future climate Cultural services (inspiration, education and wellbeing) change on our landscapes. Several sites also preserve important evidence for early ■■ Sense of history: A strong sense of history is captured in the ancient human occupation of the area dating back around 300,000 years.
17 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Statements of Environmental Opportunity
SEO 1: Manage rivers and river valleys to protect and improve water quality and help to alleviate flooding in the downstream urban areas, while also helping to improve aquifer recharge and provide a sufficient store of water to meet future need, especially with predicted climatic changes. Conserve the riparian landscapes and habitats, for their recreational and educational amenity for their internationally significant ecological value.
For example by: ■■ Managing and enhancing the river valleys and wetland habitats for the ■■ Utilising semi-natural habitats to replace current engineered flood important habitats and species that they support, their geodiversity, management. Current flood management will be insufficient to landscape and recreational value, and to increase water storage counteract future flooding, so allowing natural processes to reduce capacity to reduce flood events in downstream urban areas. water levels in priority areas is the most sustainable alternative. Allowing ■■ Sustainably managing the water resource including watercourses and rivers to flood naturally will also increase biodiversity and enhance aquifers, by implementing catchment-wide land management practices geomorphology, wetland habitats and riverine character. to help reduce pollution and aid aquifer recharge. ■■ Restoring river valley mineral sites to wetlands and washlands while ■■ Maintaining, enhancing and increasing the network of hedgerows enhancing geodiversity and archaeological interest. along river valleys, especially in flood plains, to act as water stores ■■ Raising awareness within the general public as to how they can which will absorb excess water during high rainfall, slowly release water individually help to reduce water waste and prevent contamination. in drier periods and reduce wind evaporation on fields in drier periods. ■■ Encouraging landowners to store water for individual usage, from using ■■ Enhancing and creating riverside buffer strips of natural vegetation, water butts for small gardens to larger storage systems for arable land and including the conservation and planting of a new generation of golf courses. riverside willows that will reduce overland run-off and help to minimise ■■ Growing crops that are more resilient to drought so that less irrigation is the deposition of soil and silt in channels and stop nitrates entering the needed in drier periods when water availability decreases. watercourse in order to prevent adverse effects on aquatic life. ■■ Restoring and improving the natural geomorphology of rivers in the ■■ Creating reedbeds in areas of potential pollution including along roads area including urban rivers so that the quality of not only the water and near road bridges and agricultural drainage areas. This will help to but also the river ecology as a whole improves by reducing pollution, improve urban diffuse pollution. sedimentation, invasive species etc; reducing the prolificacy of invasive aquatic and marginal plant species, including floating pennywort and Himalayan balsam, which cause waterways to become blocked, increase sedimentation, reduce biodiversity and affect movement of aquatic life as well as recreation activities along watercourses.
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SEO 2: Manage the agricultural landscape and diverse range of soils which allow the Northern Thames Basin to be a major food provider, using methods and crops that retain and improve soil quality, water availability and biodiversity.
For example by: ■■ Retaining the overall agricultural diversity with areas of arable land, ■■ Encouraging the management of the heathland soils to prevent wind horticulture and pasture which are so important for food provision and water erosion using hedgerow and tree boundaries to reduce in the area, while encouraging sustainable management to protect overland run-off and to act as a wind shield. These soils are more prone agricultural soils and enhance biodiversity. Encouraging the use to erosion than the more clay-based soils and are usually of high quality of sustainable farming methods to enhance soil quality, such as in terms of arable usage. maintaining vegetation cover, reducing tillage and encouraging the ■■ Encouraging improvements to water management within agricultural use of organic manures and composts. This will help to retain organic land using boundary features such as hedgerows and grass buffer matter, which is vital for productive soils. strips to store water during wet periods and retain it in drier periods. ■■ Managing, enhancing and, where appropriate, expanding hedgerows ■■ Adopting land management practices, including the use of buffer strips and grass strips as field boundaries as these help to bind the soil, next to watercourses, to reduce diffuse pollution from agricultural reducing soil erosion, while also providing habitats for pollinating sources, prevent contamination of groundwater and safeguard future insects as well as various farmland birds, mammals and invertebrates. water quality and availability. Hedgerows will also create habitat corridors, connecting habitats and ■■ Improving biodiversity in the area by putting aside less productive land so allowing wildlife to disperse and increase its range, creating a more and creating semi-natural habitats such as wildflower meadows and diverse landscape. grasslands. The promotion of agri-environment schemes can help to ■■ Encouraging a reduction in compaction of the clay-based soils in the establish these opportunities area which can damage their structure and drainage potential and reduce aquifer recharge. This includes reduced poaching from livestock and careful use of heavy machinery.
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SEO 3: Protect and appropriately manage the historic environment for its contribution to local character and sense of identity and as a framework for habitat restoration and sustainable development, ensuring high design standards (particularly in the London Green Belt) which respect the open and built character of the Thames Basin. Enhance and increase access between rural and urban areas through good green infrastructure links to allow local communities recreational, health and wellbeing benefits.
For example by: ■■ Conserving historic features in the landscape with heritage interest and ■■ Increasing awareness and raising understanding within the community of improving the condition of heritage assets through appropriate measures, the natural environment to improve their appreciation of their landscape and seeking to reduce conflicting or unsympathetic management regimes. so as to help to enhance their experience. This will also help to instil a ■■ Conserving and interpreting archaeological earthworks and sub-surface sense of place. archaeology while recognising the high potential in this landscape for ■■ Planning for future pressure from urban expansion and urban-related undiscovered remains. development, major roads and other infrastructure as a result of the ■■ Preserving and enhancing current public access sites including nature expansion of Stansted and Luton international airports (impacting from reserves, common land, country parks and public footpaths and rights of adjacent NCAs) and the impact of strategic growth in and around the NCA, way to attract the wider community. such as at the Thames and Haven Gateways, Chelmsford and Southend, ■■ Creating better access to the countryside with an increased number of and the regeneration in the Lea Valley. Seeking measures to help to public footpaths and rights of way so that more of the area is open access. implement the All London Green Grid frameworks in order to ensure that Enhancing current public access paths would also be beneficial to make associated design standards are of a high quality and pay due regard to the experience of the countryside more inviting and enjoyable. the natural environment for the benefit of people and wildlife. ■■ Restoring the connectivity of key habitats as well as expanding and ■■ Planning for a new vision of agricultural landscapes in areas of significant creating new habitats which will maintain and enhance their attraction for planned growth such as within the Thames Gateway, Haven Gateway visitors. Also, working to increase species diversity and density to increase and M11 corridor, including, potentially, the exploration of new forms of this attraction for the community. community food growing and community land ownership, providing a ■■ Preserving the open landscape, enhancing geodiversity and biodiversity, 21st-century interpretation of the plotlands of the 1920s and 1930s that are for example the iconic species and habitats that attract visitors, to characteristic of this NCA. preserve their appeal to the wider community. ■■ Ensuring positive management of land that may be developed in the ■■ Maintaining and enhancing the status of Sites of Special Scientific future to preserve the character of the area and not adversely affect the Interest, Special Protection Areas, Special Areas of Conservation, National rural areas that provide many resources, including food provision, carbon Nature Reserves and Ramsar sites. This will preserve the character of the sequestration and recreation for the rural and urban communities. landscape, protecting and enhancing the sense of place.
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SEO 4: Manage and expand the significant areas of broadleaf woodland and wood pasture, and increase tree cover within urban areas, for the green infrastructure links and important habitats that they provide, for the sense of tranquillity they bring, their ability to screen urban influences and their role in reducing heat island effect and sequestering and storing carbon.
For example by: ■■ Promoting the establishment of a coherent and resilient network of ■■ Incorporating woodland rides and paths within woodlands to allow treescapes (native woodland, wood pasture, parkland, coppice, scrub, for public access but also to create a variety of habitats within the field trees and hedgerows) through expanding and linking existing woodlands which will increase biodiversity. woodland with areas of new planting. ■■ Maintaining and enhancing woodland habitats which support ■■ Managing the area’s diverse range of historic woodlands, veteran trees important invertebrate species such as stag beetles, rare fungi and and wood pasture and parklands to enhance landscape character priority species such as dormouse. Ancient woodlands also support and safeguard their biodiversity value while seeking opportunities to ground flora such as bluebells. enhance access. ■■ Maintaining the diverse appearance of the landscape and shield ■■ Expanding current woodlands to create a greater resource and re- developments and infrastructure from the wider landscape. This introduce coppicing and other management back into woodlands so as character should be maintained within any future developments that to make wood available to be sold commercially. are built. ■■ Working within established management plans to ensure that the ■■ Managing, restoring and re-linking areas of remnant lowland heathland viability of the woodlands is not affected and that biodiversity is and acid grassland found on areas capped by glacial sands and gravels, maintain or enhanced. notably within the Essex heathlands and wooded hills and ridges. ■■ Creating new woodlands, taking into account natural processes ■■ Conserving characteristic landscapes linked to the arts, such as and bringing them into wood production management. Sensitively Dedham Vale in the north- easternmost corner of the NCA (the incorporating them into and around new developments to enhance inspiration for Constable), and the rich heritage of designed parklands landscape character. Community woodlands should be maintained and associated with estates (particularly in the Hertfordshire plateaux and increased where possible for this purpose as well as for recreation. river valleys and the Essex wooded hills and ridges). ■■ Creating new woodlands around or near to urban areas, which will, through carbon sequestration, help to counteract the carbon that is produced. Woodlands within urban areas will help to reduce the heat island effect.
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Additional opportunity
Continue to utilise the mineral resource as appropriate, ensuring screening and restoration plans are in place to protect landscape assets. Restore, enhance and manage previous mineral sites as suitable habitats or sites of key geological importance to demonstrate the significance of the rich mineral resources in shaping the area’s landscape, and their potential as recreational and ecological assets of the future.
For example by: ■■ Appropriately utilising the minerals which are a much-needed resource in the area, with the continuing demand for new housing and other building projects. Ensure long term restoration plans seek landscape and ecological benefit so this resource can provide a source of revenue and jobs for the area as well as an opportunity to enhance our knowledge and awareness of geodiversity, and provide new assets for the community in the long term ■■ Restoring previous extraction to habitats that are appropriate for the area to improve the network of semi-natural habitats, and the recreational and educational opportunities for local communities. ■■ Provide appropriate access and interpretation to important geological sites once mineral extraction is completed to use this exposed resource to educate and inform people of the geological and geomorphological features. ■■ Encouraging an understanding of the interrelationships between the geological and archaeological heritage of the area. ■■ Ensuring appropriate management, educational access and interpretation of important geological and above and below ground archaeological features and sites throughout the area.
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Supporting document 1: Key facts and data
Total area: 251,000 ha Area % of Tier Designation Name (ha) NCA 1. Landscape and nature conservation designations National National Nature Re- Broxbourne Woods NNR; 241 <1 serve (NNR) Blackwater Estuary NNR The Northern Thames Basin NCA contains 1,208 ha of the Dedham Vale Area of National Site of Special Scientific A total of 72 sites wholly 6,156 2 Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) covering less than one per cent of the NCA. Interest (SSSI) or partly within the NCA Source: Natural England (2011) The management plan for the protected landscape can be found at: Please note: (i) Designated areas may overlap (ii) all figures are cut to Mean High Water www.dedhamvalestourvalley.org/ Line, designations that span coastal areas/views below this line will not be included. Source: Natural England (2011) All of the Ramsar sites are also SAC. Some of the areas covered by international 1.1 Designated nature conservation sites and European designations are also designated nationally (SSSI or NNR). The NCA includes the following statutory nature conservation designations: Area % of Tier Designation Name (ha) NCA There are 1,814 local sites in Northern Thames Basin covering 23,482 ha, which is International Ramsar Abberton Reservoir; Lee 1,123 <1 9 per cent of the NCA. Valley; Crouch and Roach Source: Natural England (2011) Estuaries (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 3); Colne ■■ Details of individual Sites of Special Scientific Interest can be searched at: Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/sssi/search.cfm Phase 2); Blackwater Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast ■■ Details of Local Nature Reserves (LNR) can be searched: Phase 4); Hamford Water http://www.lnr.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/lnr/lnr_search.asp European Special Protection Area Abberton Reservoir SPA; 1,123 <1 ■■ Maps showing locations of Statutory sites can be found at: (SPA) Lee Valley SPA; Crouch http://magic.defra.gov.uk/website/magic/ – select ‘Rural Designations Statutory’. and Roach Estuaries (Mid- Essex Coast Phase 3) SPA; Special Area of Conser- Epping Forest SAC; 2,041 1 vation (SAC) Wormley-Hoddesdon- park Woods SAC; Essex Estuaries SAC
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1.1.1 Condition of designated sites heathlands landform is relatively flat with only minor undulations; however, some of A breakdown of SSSI condition as of March 2011 is as follows: the river valleys are steep sided such as the Stour, Colne and Roman. Source: Northern Thames Basin Countryside Character Area description, % of SSSI land in London Basin Natural Area Profile SSSI condition category Area (ha) category condition Unfavourable declining 125 2 2.3 Bedrock geology Favourable 3,232 53 The London Basin is a concave dish which formed as a result of the Alpine Unfavourable no change 328 5 Orogeny (mountain building episode). It overlies the Chalk, which was laid down Unfavourable recovering 2,453 40 in warm shallow seas during the Cretaceous (95 to 65 Ma) and which is the main Source: Natural England (March 2011) aquifer for London. As a result of the Orogeny the land here rose above sea level and it was subject to major erosion. The sea level then rose again and the basin Details of SSSI condition can be searched at: was filled by Palaeogene and Neogene (Tertiary, 64 to 2 Ma) sands and mudstones. http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/sssi/reportIndex.cfm After continued sea-level rise some 55 Ma, the London Clay was laid down. 2. Landform, geology and soils Overlying the London Clay are the Bagshot, Barton and Bracklesham Beds. These sands and clays were deposited on a large coastal plain as the sea level fell again. 2.1 Elevation Source: Northern Thames Basin Countryside Character Area description, Elevation in the NCA ranges from 0.02 m below sea level to a maximum of 155 London Basin Natural Area Profile, British Geological Survey maps m above sea level. The average elevation of the landscape is 47 m. The ‘Bagshot Hills’ are prominent features of the Essex part of the NCA, rising to a high point 2.4 Superficial deposits of 116 m at Danbury Hill. Important Quaternary sediments are present, recording the changing temperatures Source: Natural England 2010 during this Period and the presence and absences of ice-sheets. The Anglian ice sheet 2.2 Landform and process advanced as far south as the northern rim of the London Basin and forced the young This NCA can be broken down into four sub-character areas: Hertfordshire plateaux River Thames to change its course to its current one. Fluvial sediments deposited by and river valleys; Essex wooded hills and ridges; London Clay lowlands; and Essex the Thames river system before the Anglian Ice Age occur predominantly along the heathlands. The Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys area is topographically northern edge of the London Basin, parallel with the axis of the syncline. Sediments complex, having many valleys cut into the broad plateau landform which is deposited after the Anglian Ice Age are found along the flood plains of the current often obscured by vegetation cover. In places river erosion has created isolated rivers. These latter deposits are found at lower altitudes than their predecessors, as landforms such as the Shenley Ridge. The Essex wooded hills and ridges rise above a result of a combination of factors. The youngest sediments are sands and gravels the London Clay lowlands to an altitude of approximately 100 m AOD. The London deposited by the Thames in its current location since the last ice age. Clay lowlands are generally flat and typically gently undulating. Broadly, the Essex Source: Northern Thames Basin Countryside Character Area description, London Basin Natural Area Profile, British Geological Survey maps
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2.5 Designated geological sites Maps showing locations of Statutory sites can be found at: Designation Number of sites http://magic.defra.gov.uk/website/magic/ – select ‘Landscape’ (shows ALC Geological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) 17 classification and 27 types of soils) Mixed interest SSSI 3 3. Key water bodies and catchments There is 1 Local Geological Sites within the NCA. 3.1 Major rivers/canals Source: Natural England (2011) The following major rivers/canals (by length) have been identified in this NCA. ■■ Details of individual Sites of Special Scientific Interest can be searched at: Name Length (km) http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/sssi/search.cfm River Lea or Lee 41 River Colne 33 2.6 Soils and Agricultural Land Classification Grand Union Canal 28 London Clay gives rise to heavy acidic soils often prone to flooding in winter and River Crouch 15 cracking in summer. River valleys are fringed by well-drained fertile brown earths, Roman River 13 produced from alluvial deposits. Sand and gravels give rise to nutrient poor, free Cobbin’s Brook 9 draining soils, for example in the Bagshot Hills and Essex heathlands. Light sandy River Ver 8 soils of former heaths are found in Essex, particularly around Colchester. River Beane 6 Source: Northern Thames Basin Countryside Character Area description River Chelmer 6 River Blackwater 5 The main grades of agricultural land in the NCA are broken down as follows (as River Rib 3 a proportion of total land area): Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation Cobbin’s Brook 2 Langford Cut 1 Agricultural Land Classification Area (ha) % of NCA River Stort <1 Grade 1 23 <1 River Ter 1 Grade 2 28,676 11 Source: Natural England (2010) Grade 3 120,556 48 Please note: other significant rivers (by volume) may also occur. These are not listed where Grade 4 5,418 2 the length within the NCA is short. Grade 5 39 <1 Non-agricultural 19,032 8 Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys: Rivers cut through the broad plateaux, Urban 70,745 28 draining into the Colne and Ver to the north-west and Lea to the east. Reservoirs Source: Natural England (2010) and canals are features of this area.
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Essex wooded hills and ridges: The ridges of Epping Forest, Brentwood to High within Community Forests; Watling Chase 18,522 ha and Thames Chase 10,843 ha. Wood, Thorndon to Billericay and Danbury to Wickham Bishops are dissected by Source: Natural England (2010), Forestry Commission (2011) the valleys of the rivers Roding, Wid and Chelmer. The Ter, Brain and Blackwater also contribute to the drainage of much of the area. Hanningfield Reservoir 4.2 Distribution and size of woodland and trees in the landscape provides a notable body of open water within the sub-area. Significant areas of wood pasture and notable numbers of pollard ancient and veteran trees are found across the area, including Hainault Forest, at Thorndon London Clay lowlands: Undulating lowlands drained by numerous streams Country Park, Wormley and Hoddesdon Great Park, Epping Forest and including the Roach, Crouch and Blackwater, which merge before widening into Richmond Park. Epping Forest, within the Essex wooded hills and ridges sub- the flat marshes to the east. Layer Brook in the north is dammed on its way to the area, includes mixed woodland and blocks of broadleaved woodland greater Roman River to form Abberton Reservoir. than 500 ha in extent.
Essex heathlands: Steep sided valleys of the Stour, Colne and Roman and their The eastern part of the Hertfordshire plateaux is heavily wooded, including tributaries drain the plateau before discharging into the North Sea. coppiced hornbeam woods with oak standards. Areas of coppice are up to 20 ha in size. Large blocks of woodland occur along river valleys in Hertfordshire, 3.2 Water quality including former lime woods replanted with conifers. Some conifer blocks are The total area of Nitrate Vulnerable Zone is 185,636 ha or 74 per cent of the NCA. over 150 ha. The hilltops and ridges of Essex are crowned by woods, including Source: Natural England (2010) ancient woodland and secondary woodland on commons. These woods are mainly smaller than 50 ha. 3.3 Water Framework Directive Maps are available from the Environment Agency showing current and The distinctive ‘plotland’ woods of Laindon and Thundersley can be found in projected future status of water bodies the London Clay lowlands sub-area. These are mainly less than 50 ha in size. http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?ep=maptop Small clusters of secondary and ancient woodland exist along shallow valleys ics&lang=_e in the Essex heathlands area, which is predominantly open. Apple orchards are a feature of the London Clay lowlands and Essex heathlands. Source: Northern Thames Basin Countryside Character Area Description 4. Trees and woodlands
4.1 Total woodland cover 4.3 Woodland types The NCA contains 20,914 ha of woodland, 10 per cent of the total area, of which A statistical breakdown of the area and type of woodland found across the 7,742 ha is ancient woodland. Twelve per cent or 29,366 ha of the NCA is land NCA is detailed over.
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Area and proportion of different woodland types in the NCA (over 2 ha) 5.2 Field patterns Woodland type Area (ha) % of NCA Field pattern is varied across the basin reflecting historical enclosure patterns. The Broadleaved 20,914 8 Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys are dominated by the informal patterns of Coniferous 1,760 1 18th century or earlier enclosure reflecting the medieval colonisation of the heaths Mixed 290 <1 and woodland. This is particularly noticeable in the east where small organic- Other 1,104 <1 shaped fields are common. In the west ancient organic-shaped fields can be Source: Forestry Commission (2011) found alongside regular ‘Enclosure Acts’ fields. Similar pre-18th century irregular small enclosures can be found in the Essex wooded hills and ridges with some Area and proportion of Ancient Woodland and Planted Ancient Woodland later, more regular, medium sized fields present. Within the London Clay lowlands within the NCA. large rectangular fields dominate arable land on the heavy clay soils. Early, Roman planned ‘Dengie’ form regular enclosure patterns occur, which are a subtle but Woodland type Area (ha) % of NCA important feature of land in the east of the area. In the Essex heathlands 18th and Ancient semi-natural woodland 6,090 2 19th century enclosure of heathlands and commons followed by extensive 20th Ancient re-planted woodland (PAWS) 1,652 1 century field enlargement is dominant. Straight edged fields surround areas of Source: Natural England (2004) remnant heath with small fields characterise the river flood plains. Some areas of regular enclosure are associated with the rationalisation and amalgamation of 5. Boundary features and patterns farms and estates in the 18th and 19th centuries. Source: Northern Thames Basin Countryside Character Area description; 5.1 Boundary features Countryside Quality Counts (2003) In the Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys woody and species rich hedgerows are the main boundary types. Hawthorn hedgerows surround 6. Agriculture more recent fields with wire fencing commonly around horse paddocks close The following data has been taken from the Agricultural Census linked to this NCA. to settlements. In the London Clay lowlands boundaries are often formed by long lengths of hedgerows which historically have been dominated by elm, 6.1 Farm type although there has been significant loss through Dutch elm disease. Blackthorn Broader plateaux areas in the NCA are mainly in agricultural use, with a mix of arable hedgerows are now the most common. In the Essex heathlands hedgerows are and pastoral farming. There has been a 62 per cent decrease in dairy farms from the dominant boundary feature on land surrounding the heaths. These vary 37 to 14 farms. Trends also show a decrease in the number of specialist pig farms much in species richness and composition. from 26 to 14 farms or a 46 per cent reduction. There have also been reductions Source: Northern Thames Basin Countryside Character Area description; in the number of horticulture holdings from 298 to 165 or 45 per cent, of mixed Countryside Quality Counts (2003) holdings from 92 to 62 or 32 per cent, of specialist poultry farms from 54 to 45 or 17
27 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
per cent, of general cropping from 132 to 110 holdings or 17 per cent, and of lowland 6.4 Land use grazing livestock units from 215 to 190 or 12 per cent. The general category of ‘other’ The dominant agricultural land uses are cereals, accounting for 48,817 ha or 43 per holdings, most commonly associated with small-holdings, has seen an increase of cent of the total farmed area, and grass and uncropped land which accounts for 9 per cent from 373 to 405 holdings. The number of cereal holdings has remained 32,804 ha or 29 per cent. These are followed by oilseeds which cover 11,742 ha, 10 relatively static with 494 reducing to 480 or a decline of 3 per cent. per cent of the area, and ‘other’ arable crops which cover 7,252 ha or 6 per cent of Source: Agricultural Census, Defra (2010) the area, with other agricultural land uses each representing less than 5 per cent 6.2 Farm size of the total farmed area. Between 2000 and 2009 there was a 6 per cent decrease Farms between 5 and 20 ha are the most common in the area, 428 holdings in the area of cereals, a reduction by 2,937 ha, and a 7 per cent decrease in the area accounting for 29 per cent of all holdings, followed by farms over 100 ha, 340 in of grass and uncropped land, a reduction by 2,352 ha. The area under oilseeds number or 23 per cent of holdings, farms between 20 and 50 ha, 323 or 22 per cent increased by 4,284 ha, or 57 per cent, and the area under ‘other’ arable crops of holdings, and farms under 5 ha, 207 or 14 per cent of holdings. The least common increased by 519 ha, or 8 per cent. There have also been increases in the area of farms in the area are those holdings between 50 and 100 ha at 187 or 13 per cent of land used for growing stock feed by 325 ha or 183 per cent, cash roots by 377 ha or holdings. The largest holdings, those over 100 ha, make up 75 per cent of the total 11 per cent, and vegetables by 62 ha or 5 per cent. A decrease was seen in the area farmed area, compared to those under 5 ha which cover less than 0.5 per cent of of land used for fruit growing, down by 374 ha or 47 per cent, and glasshouses, the farmed area. The trends in farm size show a significant decrease in the number down by 46 ha or 26 per cent. Other agricultural land uses were relatively static or of farms of less than 5 ha decreasing by 42 per cent from 358 to 207. The number of related to less than five holdings. holdings between 5 and 20 ha also decreased by 12 per cent from 485 to 428, as did Source: Agricultural Census, Defra (2010) the number of holdings between 50 and 100 ha by 7 per cent from 200 to 187, and 6.5 Livestock numbers the number of holdings over 100 ha also by 7 per cent from 366 to 340. The number Sheep are the most numerous livestock within this landscape, numbering of holdings between 20 and 50 ha increased by 4 per cent from 311 to 323. 35,500 animals. Pigs are the next most numerous with 17,500 animals and cattle Source: Agricultural Census, Defra (2010) numbered 16,500. All livestock numbers have decreased during the period 6.3 Farm ownership 2000 to 2009. Pig numbers decreased by 52 per cent (19,100 animals), cattle by Sixty-six percent of the total farmed area is owner occupied. There has been a 3 39 per cent (10,500 animals) and sheep by 27 per cent (12,900 animals). per cent increase in the owned area of farmland over the 2000 to 2009 period Source: Agricultural Census, Defra (2010) and a 2 per cent increase in the tenanted farm area. 6.6 Farm labour 2009: Total farm area = 113,572 ha; owned land = 74,843 ha The majority of holdings are run by principal farmers, including their spouses 2000: Total farm area = 113,897 ha; owned land = 72,846 ha and business partners, rather than salaried managers; 1,974 principal farmers Source: Agricultural Census, Defra (2010) and 317 salaried managers. Together, employed full time and part time workers
28 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
(1,520 full time and 620 part time) are more numerous than casual/gang workers Wetlands and open water: Many of the river valleys have been modified by (1,147). Trends from 2000 to 2009 show a decrease in the number of principal reservoirs, current and reclaimed gravel pits, landfill sites, artificial wetlands, farmers, down by 509, and an increase in salaried managers, up by 30. During river realignments and canals many of which are important as a recreational this period the number of casual/gang workers also increased, by 148, as have and wildlife resource, for example along the River Lea. full time workers, up by 89, but the number of part time workers has decreased, down by 293. Lowland heathland: Only isolated remnants remain within commons such as at Source: Agricultural Census, Defra (2010) Bricketwood Common or Colney Heath Common. Please note: (i) Some of the Census data is estimated by Defra so will not be accurate for Essex wooded hills and ridges: every holding (ii) Data refers to Commercial Holdings only (iii) Data includes land outside of Woodland: The woodland found on the prominent hills and ridges of Epping the NCA belonging to holdings whose centre point is within the NCA listed. Forest, Hainault, Thorndon, Galleywood and the Danbury to Tiptree ridge, ex- 7. Key habitats and species ists on a belt of sand often referred to as the ‘Bagshot Hills’ stretching through Essex from Epping Forest to Tiptree. Many are ancient but there are also some 7.1 Habitat distribution/coverage large areas of secondary woodland on former common land. Many of the Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys: wooded commons have veteran trees associated with them and some second- Woodland: The river valleys contain some of the largest blocks of woodland. ary woodland is defined in many places by medieval wood banks. There are Many woods have been felled and replanted with non-indigenous species, also some notable areas of wood pasture and parkland associated with historic such as former lime woods which are now coniferous plantation. These woods ‘gentry’ houses and their grounds. often follow and accentuate the valley form, following the contours of the val- ley sides above flat and predominantly open valley floors. The woodland cover Flood plain grazing marsh: Remnants of grazing marsh remain within the river valleys. also comprises a number of small ancient beech and oak woods found mainly London Clay lowlands: in the valleys to the west. The eastern part of the plateaux is heavily wooded Woodland: The south-east Essex Hills around Langdon, Hockley and Rayleigh with some traditional coppice woodland, with oak as standards and coppiced are quite well wooded relative to the heavily developed surrounding land. hornbeam; the unusual prevalence of hornbeam is related to its historical use The ‘plotland’ woods of Laindon and Thundersley provide wildlife benefits on as a quality firewood crop for London. Birch and ash are also frequent in this former urbanised land. area. Wood pasture and parkland was once more widespread. Remaining areas such as around Broxbourne contain many veteran trees. Open water: To the north, the tiny Layer Brook has been dammed on its way to Flood plain grazing marsh: Remaining areas of grazing marsh can be found the Roman River to form Abberton Reservoir. The open expanse of Abberton throughout the river valleys. Reservoir provides a popular wildlife resource.
29 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Essex heathlands: The NCA contains the following areas of mapped priority habitats (as mapped Arable land and field margins: Improved grassland and arable fields, punctu- by National Inventories). Footnotes denote local/expert interpretation. This will ated by a regimented pattern of horticultural holdings and market gardening be used to inform future national inventory updates. on the light sandy soils of the former heaths dominate the area. It is important for farmland birds and other species associated with farmland for example UK BAP priority habitat Area (ha) % of NCA brown hare. Broadleaved mixed and yew woodland 10,598 4 (broad habitat) Lowland heathland: Historically there were extensive heaths and commons Coastal and flood plain grazing marsh 1,677 1 north of Colchester and as far as Dedham. However, the area is now generally Lowland heathland 838 <1 characterised by small isolated pockets of largely scrub-dominated heathland Lowland dry acid grassland 517 <1 within the mixed agricultural landscape. Lowland meadows 377 <1 Rivers and streams: The steep-sided slopes of the Stour, Colne and Roman River Reedbeds 304 <1 valleys, with their tributaries, have associated abundant woodland and small Fens 252 <1 fields with dense hedgerows. Gentler slopes have areas of coastal and flood Mudflats 22 <1 plain grazing marsh, fen and reedbed at the river margins. An intricate pattern Purple moor grass and rush pasture 8 <1 of hidden creeks and small valleys extend the influence of the coastal grazing Lowland calcareous grassland 3 <1 marshes inland. Source: Natural England (2011) Source: London Basin Natural Area Profile ■■ Maps showing locations of UK BAP Priority Habitats are available at: 7.2 UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) priority habitats http://magic.defra.gov.uk/website/magic/ – select ‘Habitat Inventories’ The Government’s new strategy for biodiversity in England, Biodiversity 2020, replaces the previous Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) led approach. Priority 7.3 Key species and assemblages of species habitats and species are identified in Biodiversity 2020, but references to ■■ Maps showing locations of UK BAP Priority Habitats are available at: http://magic.defra.gov.uk/website/magic/ – select ‘Habitat Inventories’ BAP priority habitats and species, and previous national targets have been ■■ Maps showing locations of S41 species are available at: removed. Biodiversity Action Plans remain a useful source of guidance and http://data.nbn.org.uk/ information. More information about Biodiversity 2020 can be found at; www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/biodiversity/ protectandmanage/englandsbiodiversitystrategy2011.aspx.
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8. Settlement and development patterns heathlands are antique timber buildings with weatherboarding and white- washed plaster typically used as wall finishing materials. Brick is generally more 8.1 Settlement pattern common in the north of the Heathlands. There is generally a high degree of dispersed settlement in the landscape. The Source: Northern Thames Basin Countryside Character Area description; creation of new settlements is also a feature of the area, beginning with the Countryside Quality Counts (2003) pioneering new Garden Cities at Welwyn and Letchworth. There has been a high rate of change to urban fringe areas. There is evidence of an extension of urban 9. Key historic sites and features influences into fringe areas creating peri-urban centres around some of the 9.1 Origin of historic features larger towns such as Colchester, Tiptree, Wickford, Greys, Hatfield, St Albans and The Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys were extensively cleared and oc- Rickmansworth. In addition there is evidence of more scattered development on cupied in the prehistoric period leaving a substantial legacy of funerary monu- greenfield sites throughout especially between Benfleet and Billericay. ments and settlement sites, visible as both crop marks and earthworks. Prehis- Source: Northern Thames Basin Countryside Character Area description; toric and early historic settlement pattern in the London Clay lowlands area Countryside Quality Counts (2003) is also extraordinarily rich in evidence, in particular of extensive Roman and 8.2 Main settlements Saxon settlement. In addition the Essex heathlands offer evidence including The main settlements within the NCA are; North London suburbs, Watford, territorial earthworks, perhaps most famously relating to the powerful tribes of Chelmsford, Basildon, Southend-on-Sea, Colchester, Harwich, St Albans, the Iron Age and the establishment of the Roman capital at Colchester – Brit- Welwyn Garden City, Hertford, Brentwood, Billericay, Benfleet, Clacton-on-Sea ain’s earliest urban settlement, and first Roman capital. and Harwich. The total estimated population for this NCA (derived from ONS 2001 census data) is; 4,080,214. Limited survivals of co-axial field systems are present in the woodlands east of Source: Northern Thames Basin Countryside Character Area description; Countryside Quality Counts (2003), Natural England (2012) Broxbourne and north of Borehamwood and are potentially of Bronze Age ori- gin and therefore highly significant. There is also significant, if limited, survival 8.3 Local vernacular and building materials of co-axial and irregular sinuous enclosures in the vicinity of Waltham Abbey Throughout the NCA brick was increasingly used from late 17th century. In and Loughton. the London Clay lowlands traditional buildings are of timber with brownish Profitable farming conditions saw the demise of much medieval parkland in red plain tiled roofs. Weatherboarding is usually more typical than colour- the 17th and 18th centuries, alongside the growth of substantial farming estates. washed plaster as the principal walling material. The weatherboards are often painted white, although traditionally they were painted black or tarred. The The Hertfordshire plateaux area is dominated by informal enclosure patterns of browns and reds of the tiled roofs form a contrast with the black or white 18th century or earlier framed by woody hedgerows. Parliamentary enclosure painted weatherboards. The principal building type characteristic of the Essex had little impact on the adjacent Essex woodland hills, and then mostly on the
31 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
late surviving common, the remaining examples of which, for example Nazing, 10. Recreation and access are infrequent but highly significant. The Essex wooded hills have a characteris- 10.1 Public access tic pattern of substantial farmsteads within regular patterns of enclosure from ■■ Five per cent of the NCA, 12,028 ha, is classified as being publically accessible. the late 18th and 19th centuries especially in the more low lying areas. ■■ There are 3,084 km of public rights of way at a density of 1.2 km per km2. Extensive areas of ancient woodland with remnant wood pasture occur and are ■■ There are no national trails within the NCA now mainly managed for conservation and recreational values. The survival of Sources: Natural England (2010) ancient woodlands, such as Broxbourne and Wormley Woods, is a feature of The table below shows the breakdown of land which is publically accessible in the area. Smaller copses and belts of ancient woodland and modern plantation perpetuity: are commonly associated with areas of former medieval and post medieval Access designation Area (ha) % of NCA parkland. National Trust (Accessible all year) 96 <1 The heathlands were intensively farmed for centuries and subjected to Common Land 1,289 <1 widespread enclosure in the 19th century, which brought about the pattern of Country Parks 3,261 1 new farmsteads and mixed farming still in evidence today. CROW Access Land (Section 4 and 16) 184 <1 Source: Countryside Quality Counts Draft Historic Profile, CROW Section 15 3,368 1 Northern Thames Basin Countryside Character Area description Village Greens 184 <1 Doorstep Greens 11 <1 9.2 Designated historic assets Forestry Commission Walkers Welcome Grants 4,268 2 This NCA has the following historic designations: Local Nature Reserves (LNR) 1,907 1 ■■ 58 Registered Parks and Gardens covering 5,159 ha Millennium Greens 3 <1 ■■ 2 Registered Battlefields covering 119 ha Accessible National Nature Reserves (NNR) 241 <1 ■■ 181 Scheduled Monuments Agri-environment Scheme Access 86 <1 ■■ 8,363 Listed Buildings Woods for People 7,054 3 Source: Natural England (2010) Sources: Natural England (2011) More information is available at the following address: Please note: Common Land refers to land included in the 1965 commons register; CROW = ■■ http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/caring/heritage-at-risk/ Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000; OC and RCL = Open Country and Registered Common Land. ■■ http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/ national-heritage-list-for-england/
32 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
11. Experiential qualities tranquillity mapping, with areas of disturbed land associated with urban areas, for example Watford and Chelmsford, and towns, such as Colchester and Harwich, 11.1 Tranquillity and the main road and rail transport corridors linking these centres. Light Based on the CPRE map of Tranquillity (2006) it appears that the least tranquil pollution resulting from intensive agriculture, growth of settlements and road areas are associated with urban centres such as the north London suburbs of infrastructure improvements (A1M) is particularly apparent in the flat terrain. Watford, Chelmsford and Basildon together with Colchester towards the north and the coastal towns of Southend-on-Sea, Clacton-on-Sea and Harwich. Other A breakdown of intrusion values for this NCA is detailed in the table overleaf. areas of disturbance are associated with the main transport routes linking these Percentage centres including the M25, M11, A1(M), A12 and A127 roads. The most tranquil areas change tend to be the lowland areas to the east of the NCA towards the coast. These more Intrusion category 1960s (%) 1990s (%) 2007 (%) (1960s-2007) rural areas are more sparsely inhabited, such as around the Maldon District and Disturbed 40 56 55 15 to the south of Colchester around the Abberton Reservoir, and less disturbed. In Undisturbed 36 20 13 -22 the west of the NCA the area around Broxbourne Woods to the east of Hatfield Urban 24 24 32 7 provides some tranquillity from the surrounding disturbed areas. Sources: CPRE (2007)
A breakdown of tranquillity values for this NCA is detailed in the table below: Notable trends from the 1960s to 2007 are that disturbed or intruded land has increased by nearly 15 per cent during the period between 1960 and 2007 Tranquillity Tranquillity Score which is matched by a reduction of around -22 per cent of undisturbed or un- Highest value within NCA 44 intruded land over the same timescale. Lowest value within NCA -135 Mean value within NCA -30 More information is available at the following address: Sources: CPRE (2006) http://www.cpre.org.uk/resources/countryside/tranquil-places More information is available at the following address: http://www.cpre.org.uk/what-we-do/countryside/tranquil-places/in-depth/ item/1688-how-we-mapped-tranquillity 12 Data sources
11.2 Intrusion ■■ British Geological Survey (2006) The 2007 Intrusion Map (CPRE) shows the extent to which rural landscapes are ■■ Natural Area Profiles, Natural England (published by English Nature 1993-1998 ) ‘intruded on’ from urban development, noise (primarily traffic noise), and other ■■ Countryside Character Descriptions, Natural England (regional volumes sources of visual and auditory intrusion. This shows a similar pattern to the published by Countryside Commission/Countryside Agency 1998/1999) ■■ Joint Character Area GIS boundaries, Natural England (data created 2001)
33 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
■■ National Parks and AONBs GIS boundaries, Natural England (2006) ■■ Heritage Coast Boundaries, Natural England (2006) ■■ Agricultural Census June Survey, Defra (2000,2009) ■■ National Inventory of Woodland & Trees, Forestry Commission (2003) ■■ Countryside Quality Counts Draft Historic Profiles, English Heritage (2004)* ■■ Ancient Woodland Inventory, Natural England (2003) ■■ BAP Priority Habitats GIS data, Natural England (March 2011) ■■ Special Areas of Conservation data, Natural England (data accessed in March 2011) ■■ Special Protection Areas data, Natural England (data accessed in March 2011) ■■ Ramsar sites data, Natural England (data accessed in March 2011) ■■ Sites of Special Scientific Interest, Natural England (data accessed in March 2011) ■■ Detailed River Network, Environment Agency (2008) ■■ Source protection zones, Environment Agency (2005) ■■ Registered Common Land GIS data, Natural England (2004) ■■ Open Country GIS data, Natural England (2004) ■■ Public Rights of Way Density, Defra (2011) ■■ National Trails, Natural England (2006) ■■ National Tranquillity Mapping data, CPRE (2007) ■■ Intrusion map data, CPRE (2007) ■■ Registered Battlefields, English Heritage (2005) ■■ Record of Scheduled Monuments, English Heritage (2006) ■■ Registered Parks and Gardens, English Heritage (2006) ■■ World Heritage Sites, English Heritage (2006) ■■ Incorporates Historic Landscape Characterisation and work for preliminary Historic Farmstead Character Statements (English Heritage/Countryside Agency 2006)Detailed River Network, Environment Agency (2008)
Please note all figures contained within the report have been rounded to the nearest unit. For this reason proportion figures will not (in all) cases add up to 100%. The convention <1 has been used to denote values less than a whole unit.
34 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Supporting document 2: Landscape change
Recent changes and trends Agriculture ■■ The area has a varied land use pattern comprising a mix of arable and Trees and woodlands pasture land. There has been an overall loss of mixed and general cropping ■■ Woodland cover is extensive across the Hertfordshire plateaux and the and horticulture since 1998, although the rate of grassland loss has slowed Essex wooded hills and ridges. Smaller intimate tree-lined valleys provide and the mix of farm holding types has stabilised. a strong contrast through un-wooded areas. About 50 per cent of the woodland cover is on ancient woodland sites. The proportion of these ■■ There has been a reduction in livestock numbers across the NCA with cattle sites covered by a woodland grant scheme has remained around 40 per numbers suffering the steepest decline of 52 per cent between 2000 and cent since 1999. There have been a significant number of agreements for 2009. The number of livestock farms reduced during this time by 21 per cent. coppice management. Evidence suggests woodland character has at least There was a reduction of grazing intensity between 1990 and 2003, which is been maintained. New tree planting is concentrated into larger blocks with below the national average. apparent targeting within the Community Forests that occur in the area.
■■ Deer impact on woodland flora and succession of tree species is an increasing pressure on woodlands locally.
Boundary features ■■ The main boundary feature in this area is hedgerows which accounts for most of the existing boundary features found here. The other two features found are ditches and woodlands.
■■ Between 1999-2003 Countryside Stewardship capital agreements for linear features including hedge management, planting and restoration, amounted to only two per cent of the total resource.
Mixed farming at Nyn Manor Farm in Hertfordshire.
35 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
■■ A loss of landscape character of agricultural land during the period between proximity to London, containing the M25 and the London section of the M11, 1998 and 2003 is suggested by CQC data from inappropriate management of as well as high quality natural environments such as Epping Forest, the Lee set aside land in some areas of the Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys Valley Regional Park and Hatfield Forest. The proximity to London already and a decoupling of historic farmsteads from modern agriculture resulting puts strong pressure for housing on the area, and affordable housing is a in a redundancy of traditional barns and other buildings. In London Clay need. The Lee Valley is identified as a priority area for regeneration. lowlands mineral extraction is also replacing some farmland. ■■ The part of the Northern Thames Basin in Colchester Borough lies within the Settlement and development Haven Gateway Growth Point. This sub-region is one of the key international ■■ London has an expanding population and pressure to meet housing demand gateways to the UK. Colchester is part of the regional ‘cities’ east initiative. and other changes is placing pressure on existing greenspace which varies The rural hinterland includes nationally important landscapes (Dedham considerable in quality. There is an overall lack of access to greenspace Vale AONB) and internationally important ecological designations. The sub- especially in the case of deprived urban communities. region is subject to major housing and jobs growth putting potential pressure on sensitive landscapes and habitats through increased public access and ■■ Small parts of the Northern Thames Basin NCA fall within The Thames recreation. Water resources are predicted to become stretched. Gateway Growth Area, including the new town of Basildon, the hinterland of Thurrock and most of Southend. Industrialisation has left a legacy of ■■ Brownfield sites can be a great source of biodiversity in developed areas, industrial and minerals sites that are now used as geology and wildlife becoming a haven for many invertebrate species some of which may be locally nature reserves or to house development for example in Thurrock. The sub- or national important. Demand for housing and development in the area often regional priorities include promoting green infrastructure to improve the results in the loss of these sites. quality of the environment and create habitats and attract visitors through the ongoing application of the All London Green Grid more widely. Thames Semi-natural habitat Chase Community Forest provides a substantial new element of green ■■ Recent reductions in heathland extent and quality in the NCA have been infrastructure in this area. caused by development pressure, a lack of active management (including traditional grazing practices) resulting in succession to woodland, over- ■■ Within the Heart of Essex sub-region, as defined within the East of England management by amenity cutting, and recreational pressure. Major heath Implementation Plan, growth is focussed within the character area on the restoration and recreation works are currently progressing in Essex under town of Chelmsford due to its good links with London and proximity to Environmental Stewardship concentrated in Epping, Danbury and Tiptree Stansted airport. Chelmsford is a strategic Growth Point, but retains issues in with the aim of creating 20 ha of habitat and restoring 75 per cent of the relation to flood risk in the town centre. It is an area heavily influenced by its existing resource.
36 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
■■ Lack of management of coppice woodlands in Hertfordshire and Essex ■■ Major losses of semi-natural woodland especially in the Essex wooded has resulted in the growth of dense ‘high forest’. Less than one per cent of hills and ridges. In 2010 woodland covered 6 per cent of the total NCA woodland types are classified as coppice. This could be one cause for the area. This includes ancient semi-natural woodland (2 per cent) and ancient lack of shrubs and young trees found in the NCA as less than 0.5 per cent of re-planted woodland (1 per cent).Community woodlands make up the the woodland include these. This is also exacerbated by the high numbers largest proportion of woodlands with a total area of 12 per cent. There of deer found in woodlands and rural areas. are two community woodlands – Watling Chase, which is in the south Hertfordshire/ north London area straddling three major roads, the M25, M1 and A1, and Thames Chase, which is found in the south Essex/east London area. Both where established in the early 1990s.
■■ A decline in orchards, especially apple, has mainly affected Essex. Since 1990 orchards have declined significantly and this trend is continuing. Steps are in place to stop the reduction and future plans are to restore and increase the areas of orchards.
■■ There is a localised loss of hedgerows due to the creation of larger fields and the loss of elm trees to Dutch elm disease. Through initiatives that use a landscape scale approach, hedgerow planting is being utilised to connect up isolated habitats which may help increase the viability of existing hedgerows and increase the total number.
■■ A loss of pasture land on the flood plains due to changes in agricultural practices has mainly impacted on the Hertfordshire area.
■■ The majority of SSSI within the Northern Thames Basin are in favourable condition and only seven per cent are classified as unfavourable declining or unchanged.
Restoration of acid heathland at Layer Breton in Essex.
37 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Historic features ■■ Other factors affecting the rivers are invasive species, such as floating ■■ This area has a rich historical heritage and has historical evidence of pennywort. This blocks water courses, preventing movement of animals settlement in the Hertfordshire, Essex heathlands and London areas dating and affects some recreational activities such as boating and canoeing. back to prehistoric period along with palaeoenvironmental, Palaeolithic and Himalayan Balsam grows alongside river banks and creates a monoculture, archaeological evidence. out-competing other plants and preventing their growth. It also increases sedimentation in rivers as it dies back in winter leaving the banks exposed, ■■ Although evidence of early settlements in the Essex wooded hills is sparse it so soils are easily washed into the rivers during heavy rainfall or flooding. is possible this area was managed for timber and fuel. Efforts are being made to remove these plants and others from river habitats through funding from Defra and as of 2014 some species of invasive ■■ This area has nine sites on the English Heritage at risk register and many plant, including floating pennywort, will be banned from being sold listed buildings. The main threats to these sites are the continued need commercially in the UK. for urban expansion and housing or industrial development and the management of agricultural land. This can be counteracted in some ways by ■■ Recreational activities such as boating can lead to increased rates of the land owners entering into agri-environmental schemes. sedimentation within watercourses, especially along the River Lea and the Grand Union Canal. Modification of many watercourses can also have a Coast and rivers detrimental effect on water overall water quality and the ecology of the ■■ In recent years rivers and coastal features have been enhanced in terms area’s rivers. There has been extensive morphological alteration of rivers of chemical and biological quality and SSSI condition by uptake of agri- over many years, mainly in the London areas, to create canalised river environmental agreements for management and restoration of riverine and/ systems with reinforced banks to prevent flooding and allow dredging to or coastal features. occur. This has resulted in a loss of habitat for species that cannot survive in fast flowing waters (including the young of many fish), the potential for ■■ Research from 2006 on nitrate vulnerable zones found that in the increased erosion of banks that are not enforced, loss of bank/marginal Hertfordshire and London area, nitrates have the biggest impact on surface habitats and potential loss of in-channel habitats through dredging. These water, with only a small affect on groundwater. In the Essex area nitrates problems need to be remedied as part of the Water Framework Directive affects both ground and surface water, with a greater affect on groundwater (WFD), in order to obtain a ‘Good’ status. Funding is currently being invested toward the coast. Phosphorus is another factor that can affect the health of in creating in-channel habitats for species that do not flourish in fast river systems and can enter the water from agricultural land. This is having flowing waters, improvements/removal of bank profiling where suitable and an increased impact in the Essex part of this character area. reversal of canalisation where possible.
38 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
■■ Urban diffusion pollution is also affecting parts of this character area and Drivers of change results from runoff from roads, air emissions contributing to acidification, organic waste (mainly from dog fouling), fertilisers and pesticides from Climate change gardens, parks and road verges, phosphorus from incorrectly plumbed ■■ The Northern Thames Basin is among the warmest and driest parts of washing machines and sediment from construction sites. These may result in the UK. A number of characteristic specialist species, more typical of high metal levels and biodegradable organic matter within the water (resulting continental climates, survive here on the edge of their European range. in increased oxygen demand reducing the oxygen available for aquatic life). ■■ With predictions of increased temperatures, it is projected that species will advance their range northwards therefore the range and types of species found will change over time.
■■ To facilitate the migration of species, better connectivity between habitats is required to prevent their extinction through loss of appropriate habitats and an inability to move to other areas.
■■ Agricultural land is also at risk from soil erosion and nutrient loss as the soil becomes more susceptible to wind erosion in the predicted hotter and drier periods and water erosion in the wetter, colder periods. Increasing the size and connectivity of surrounding habitats, such as grasslands, will help support new species and improve biodiversity as well as reduce the affects of soil erosion. Also pollinating insects will benefit from the increase in semi-natural habitats and these in turn will benefit the local agricultural landscape. Predicted longer growing seasons and earlier onsets of spring will present an opportunity for introducing growth of new drought tolerant species.
■■ There is a possibility that there will be species gains and losses, due to changes in season lengths and weather fluctuations. This could result in new Urban character of Raynham Street in Hertford. combinations of species and communities.
39 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
■■ Water availability will be a concern, with the potential loss of specific roofs on high buildings or creating ‘green roofs’ (where grass or other drought intolerant species, as a result of reduced soil water moisture and vegetation is able to grow in the roofs) on housing. rising temperatures. Other key drivers ■■ Woodland habitats (which make up a large proportion of semi-natural ■■ Pressure for continued urban expansion and regeneration including habitats in this area) may have increased above ground biomass due to industrial development, offers opportunities to improve well-being increased carbon dioxide and nitrogen availability. This may have an impact conditions for local communities such as, improving greenspace quality on ground or lower growing flora. and provision, but will also put pressure on water availability and habitat fragmentation. Future mitigation needs to ensure these factors are ■■ Wetlands and open water habitats and associated species are likely to have considered when developments occur. to cope with greater fluctuations in water levels which could be droughts or low rainfall in the summer with flooding or heavy rainfall in the winter. As ■■ The Environment Agency, through the Water Framework Directive (WFD), great crested newts are found in relatively large numbers in this area, it may is obligated to engage with stakeholders and communities to help improve have an adverse affect on this protected species. the ecological status of the rivers by 2027. In this area most river stretches are classified as ‘moderate’ but some are classified as ‘poor’ or even ‘bad’ ■■ The characteristic geological and archaeological deposits are susceptible to ecological status, especially those in the Thames area. predicted changes in soil moisture content and the patterns of stability on exposed sections will change, necessitating new management methods. ■■ The affects of agriculture practices on water quality, abstraction and surrounding habitats and wildlife will continue to be a challenge. This can ■■ Inner London and surrounding areas, which already have a micro climate/ be negated through continued support from agri-environmental schemes, urban heat island (UHI) effect, are likely to experience higher temperature which will enable landowners to continue their involvement in creating a increases than surrounding areas and this could result in species changes, diverse and productive environment. possibly supporting more exotic invasive species such as parakeets that are already living wild in city parks. It is likely that water availability will become ■■ Fragmented habitats could be improved by buffering and putting in place an increasing pressure. measures to create a network of connected habitats to allow species to disperse and become more healthy and resilient to the impacts of climate ■■ Ideas to reduce the UHI affect include, creating urban forests and parklands change. Gapping up of patchy hedgerows is one method that could be used to increase vegetation and to use all public green space as potential carbon and improvements in urban planting in gardens and public parks could also sequestration. Other adaptations could be to increase the use of garden help support biodiversity for example, planting nectar-rich species.
40 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
■■ There is scope to expand the area of recreation provision by improving public access, while ensuring the needs of sensitive sites are not adversely damaged through for example disturbance or excessive trampling.
■■ The increased pressure for infrastructure development around London is going to continue to grow and create difficulties in preserving the London green belt. Care must be taken so that important habitats, geological, archaeological features and recreational greenspace is not destroyed in the process and the character of the area adversely affected.
■■ There is significant opportunity to engage urban and rural communities in educational and volunteering activities for the benefit of the natural environment.
■■ There are many existing mineral sites in the area and the demand for building material is large so this creates industrial opportunities. However, priority habitats need to be preserved to maintain the geodiverse and biodiverse nature of the area. There are also opportunities to return abandoned mineral sites back to the habitats that were previously found there and expand the biodiversity of the area. These mineral sites also reveal important and interesting geological features allowing greater understanding in the development of the local area and provide an important context and insight into our understanding of the potential impacts of future climate change and global warming. These can be useful research and education sites.
41 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Supporting document 3: Analysis supporting Statements of Environmental Opportunity
The following analysis section focuses on a selection of the key provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem goods and services for this NCA. These are underpinned by supporting services such as photosynthesis, nutrient cycling, soil formation and evapo-transpiration. Supporting services perform an essential role in ensuring the availability of all ecosystem services.
Biodiversity and geodiversity are crucial in supporting the full range of ecosystem services provided by this landscape. Wildlife and geologically-rich landscapes are also of cultural value and are included in this section of the analysis. This analysis shows the projected impact of Statements of Environmental Opportunity on the value of nominated ecosystem services within this landscape.
River Ver chalk stream near Drop Lane in Hertfordshire.
42 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Ecosystem service
Statement of Environmental Opportunity Food provision Timber provision Water availability Genetic diversity Biomass provision Climate regulation Regulating water quality Regulating water flow Regulating soil quality Regulating soil erosion Pollination Pest regulation coastal Regulating erosion Sense / place of Inspiration Sense of history Tranquillity Recreation Biodiversity Geodiversity SEO 1: Manage rivers and river valleys to protect and improve water quality and help to alleviate flooding in the downstream urban areas, while also helping to improve aquifer recharge and provide a sufficient store of water to meet future N/A need, especially with predicted climatic changes. Conserve the riparian landscapes * * *** * * *** ** *** * * ** ** * ** ** * ** ** and habitats, for their recreational and educational amenity for their internationally significant ecological value. SEO 2: Manage the agricultural landscape and diverse range of soils which allow the
Northern Thames Basin to be a major food provider, using methods and crops that N/A ** *** *** *** retain and improve soil quality, water availability and biodiversity. *** ** * ** ** * *** ** *** *** * * * *** SEO 3: Protect and appropriately manage the historic environment for its contribution to local character and sense of identity and as a framework for habitat restoration and sustainable development, ensuring high design standards
(particularly in the London Green Belt) which respect the open and built character N/A *** *** *** *** *** of the Thames Basin. Enhance and increase access between rural and urban areas * ** * * ** * * *** *** *** *** * * through good green infrastructure links to allow local communities recreational, health and wellbeing benefits. SEO 4: Manage and expand the significant areas of broadleaf woodland and wood pasture, and increase tree cover within urban areas, for the green infrastructure
links and important habitats that they provide, for the sense of tranquillity they N/A ** *** *** bring, their ability to screen urban influences and their role in reducing heat island *** ** *** ** ** * * * ** ** *** *** *** *** **
effect and sequestering and storing carbon.
Note: Arrows shown in the table above indicate anticipated impact on service delivery =Increase ↗ =Slight Increase ↔ =No change ↙ =Slight Decrease ↓ =Decrease. Asterisks denote confidence in projection (*low **medium***high) ○ °=symbol denotes where insufficient information on the likely impact is available . Dark plum =National Importance; Mid plum =Regional Importance; Light plum =Local Importance
43 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Landscape attributes
Landscape attribute Justification for selection A diverse mixture of large urban areas, smaller ■■ The CPRE Intrusion Map (2007) found the area to be 32 per cent urban, 55 per cent disturbed and only 13 per cent urban settlements, as well as remote villages classified as undisturbed due to the network of towns, roads and other infrastructure that criss-cross this area. and hamlets surrounded by agricultural lands, ■■ Since the 1960s the area of disturbance and urbanisation has expanded out from London, Colchester and grasslands/heathlands and woodlands. other towns to encase most of the Hertfordshire area and South Essex and has extended to most of the Essex heathlands and wooded hills and ridges. ■■ Remoteness is still achievable in parks, woods and fields throughout the area. A recent addition to this is the development and management of the community woodlands, Watling and Thames Chase. ■■ Levels of tranquillity are still high in the more rural areas of the Northern Thames Basin. Underlying Chalk aquifer. London Clay gives rise ■■ The chalk layer that underlies the London Clay in the west of the NCA is a main source of recharge for the to heavy acidic soils often prone to flooding in principal aquifer supplying London. winter and cracking in summer. The river valleys ■■ London Clay has traditionally been used as pastoral lands due to its poor quality soil but with developments are fringed by well-drained fertile brown soils, in farming such as use of fertilisers and improved ploughing methods and a drive for self-sufficiency after the produced from alluvial deposits which in Essex Second World War caused this area to develop into arable farming in the 1950s. creates a more open ‘heathy’ landscape. ■■ Almost 60 per cent of agricultural land is Grades 1 to 3 with the majority of the grade 1 and 2 land in the ‘heathy’ areas of Essex. ■■ From 2000 to 2009, the dominant agricultural land use was cereal production (43 per cent) and grass and uncropped land (29 per cent) as fits in with the soil types in this area. The areas of cereal grown decreased by 6 per cent and grass and uncropped land decreased by 7 per cent. These have probably been replaced by oilseed, stock feed and other arable crops as these increased during the same period.
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Landscape attribute Justification for selection A varied pattern of woodlands across the area ■■ Woodlands help to maintain the distinction between urban and rural areas by filtering views and helping to including considerable ancient semi-natural visually contain the extent of individual settlements. woodland. ■■ Many areas of larger woodland offer key recreational resources. ■■ Overall woodland covers 6 per cent of the area (15,488ha.) which understates the influence of woodland within this NCA and its very high recreational value. Reflecting this, the NCA includes the areas of two Community Forests – Watling Chase (Hertfordshire) and Thames Chase (east of Ilford and Romford and south of Brentwood) which now form part of the Green Grid of the Thames Gateway. ■■ The pattern of woodlands is varied across the area. The eastern part in Hertfordshire is heavily wooded both on the plateaux and in the river valleys including the Broxbourne Wood complex as are the Bagshot hills and ridges of Essex. ■■ Other areas within the London Clay lowlands and Essex heathlands are more open in character although woodland is found in areas of now derelict plotlands, in the remnant shelterbelts around Colchester, on the well- wooded hills around Laindon, Hockley and Rayleigh and in the river valleys of the Essex heathlands. ■■ Nearly half of the remaining woodlands are ancient semi-natural (2.4 per cent of the area) and a further 0.7 per cent is made up of planted ancient woodland sites (PAWS) including past lime woods within Hertfordshire. The ancient semi-natural woodland is a distinctive feature of much of the area, dominated by hornbeam coppice with oak standards, as in the Broxbourne woods complex of Hertfordshire. These ancient woodlands are of high nature conservation value and include the Epping Forest SPA (1,700 ha) and the Wormley-Hoddesdon Park Woods (336 ha). Priority habitats include 2,500 ha of wet woodland and 1,900 ha of lowland mixed broadleaf woodland. ■■ Woodlands in the area include Epping Forest and Wormley-Hoddesdon Park Wood both of which are Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) and also Broxbourne Wood which is a National Nature Reserve (NNR). ■■ They are a haven for wildlife in a heavily urban and agricultural environment, allowing a more diverse species population to continue in this area, for example the BAP priority species, the dormouse, has good populations in the woodlands of the south Essex area and along the Essex hills and ridges.
45 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Landscape attribute Justification for selection Significant areas of remnant wood pasture and ■■ Wood pasture was once a dominant feature of this NCA providing the interlinking fabric between the wooded pollarded veteran trees, including Hainault and open commons and areas of ancient woodland in the Essex wooded hills and ridges and the Essex Forest, Thorndon Country Park, Wormley and heathlands. It was a characteristic of the Royal Hunting forests of the area as still preserved within Epping and Hoddesdon Great Park, and Epping Forest, Hainault forests within the Essex wooded hills and ridges. This is a particularly important habitat and landscape comprising a distinctive ecological habitat and asset having suffered a dramatic reduction in area over the last century as sites have been lost to development, recreational resource. agricultural intensification and recreational development – especially as golf courses. ■■ The ancient pollards provide local oases of species richness for lichens. This is especially where old forest species have survived in undisturbed pockets of woodland (with the surrounding woodland buffering the ancient pollards from the damaging effects of air pollution) and where old exposed trees are set in undrained, unploughed valley parkland. Management by pollarding over the centuries has produced boles of increasing age and decay, which provide the habitats vital to deadwood feeding invertebrates as well as bats. Field patterns are very varied across the basin ■■ Informal patterns of enclosure from the 18th century or earlier reflect the medieval colonisation of the heaths reflecting historical patterns. and woodlands and are common in the Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys and Essex wooded hills. ■■ Within the London Clay lowlands regular Roman planned enclosures are a subtle but important feature to the east of the area. In the Essex heathlands 18th and 19th century enclosures of heathlands and commons followed by extensive 20th century field enlargement is dominant. ■■ These features represent the long history of human settlement in the area and it gives an historical character to the area that can be promoted and maintained in future developments. ■■ In many areas a scattered appearance of settlements creates open views of the landscape and gives a sense of place. ■■ The tradition of enclosures gave rise to the use of hedgerows as boundaries. Although many are now gone due to the change in recent years to larger field farming they can still create important habitats for many species and connect fragmented habitats to provide connectivity throughout the landscape.
46 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Landscape attribute Justification for selection A series of river valleys draining south to the ■■ River valleys are a prominent and distinctive feature; cutting into the clay lowlands they often intimate pastoral Thames and east to the North Sea/Thames character contrasting with the more open arable land surrounding. Estuary, including the Ver, Colne and Lea in ■■ Many contain remnant flood plain wetlands and new wetlands created both through gravel extraction as in the Hertfordshire, and the Roding, Wid and Chelmer, Lea Valley and through the construction of reservoirs. Roach, Crouch and Blackwater in Essex. ■■ Much reduced in extent, the NCA still includes some 5,100 ha of wet woodland, 2,500 ha of coastal and flood plain grazing marsh and 300 ha of fen. SPAs associated with wetlands include Abberton Reservoir, the gravel pits and reservoirs of the Lea Valley, and parts of the estuaries of the Crouch and Roach, Blackwater and Essex Colne. ■■ Many river systems have been adapted to cope with urban development affecting their ecological status so future work through the Water Framework Directive will have the challenge of improving these sections of river. ■■ Recent work to improve the chemical and biological status of the rivers has resulted in their improvement and work is continuing to maintain and improve their status further. ■■ This area includes 4 Ramsar sites which provide habitats for over wintering birds as well as various important plant and invertebrate species. Some of the species found in these sites are internationally important and British Red Data Book species. A rich heritage of geological, archaeological and ■■ Characteristics of the landscape today links to historical settlement patterns such as the scattered arrangement historical evidence chronicling past landscape of villages and hamlets surrounded by dispersed farming settlements. and climate change, human settlement and ■■ After the Anglian glaciations the area - particularly the Thames and its tributaries - was occupied at times by early activities within this landscape since the humans, with flint artefacts found at many sites throughout the London Basin. prehistoric period, that have all helped to shape ■■ Field boundaries are dominated by informal enclosure patterns of the 18th century surrounded by thorn the landscape of today. hedgerows which have become patchy over time due to enlargement of the fields after the Second World War and lack of management. ■■ Interspersed throughout the landscape is evidence of Roman occupation including the origins of towns such as Colchester (the largest Roman city in Britain), St. Albans and Welwyn and roads such as the A12 as well as the East Coast mainline railway. ■■ During the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries the growth of London’s importance had an influence which resulted in the development of market towns and also rural estates and country houses created by London merchants. This particularly impacted on the Hertfordshire area.
47 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Landscape attribute Justification for selection A mixture of priority habitats, the most abundant ■■ Wet woodlands are the largest priority habitat found in this area with the majority present in south Essex and being woodlands (wet and lowland mixed Hertfordshire. A large area of this woodland type is found in the Waltham Abbey/Loughton area of Essex. deciduous), and coastal and flood plain grazing ■■ The lowland deciduous woodlands are the second largest habitat and are found most abundantly in the Essex marshes. heathland area and in Hertfordshire. ■■ Coastal and flood plain grazing marshes are the most abundant habitat after woodlands and they are found evenly distributed over the whole area except for London. ■■ Habitats found within the London area are small patches of reed beds, lowland meadows and fens. On the very edge of this area are also wet woods and lowland heaths. ■■ As the greatest amounts of habitats are made up of those reliant on water, how water is used and preserved in this area could have a huge impact. ■■ These habitats are now rare as a consequence of agricultural land drainage, gravel extraction and landfill and river valleys providing the routes of transport infrastructure and power lines (much evident in the Lea Valley). A significant complex of designed parklands, ■■ Within Hertfordshire, the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries saw the growth of rural estates and country houses for especially in Hertfordshire, with their mature London merchants. The landscape parklands surrounding these houses are a particular feature of the area, such parkland trees. as the grounds of Brockett Hall near Welwyn and Hatfield House. These extend the character and habitat of remnant wood pasture. A number of distinctive landscapes captured in ■■ Landscape settings for the arts include Epping Forest and Dedham Vale (on the Stour in the very north-east of the arts through the centuries. this NCA), the setting for Constable’s painting the Hay Wain. ■■ The Hertfordshire countryside was also the setting to E. M. Forster’s book, Howards End. Important Tertiary and Quaternary deposits, the ■■ Exposures of Tertiary sedimentary deposits reveal fossil remains at a number of SSSI within the NCA. The fluvial latter demonstrating the close inter-relationship Quaternary sediments deposited by the Thames river system before the Anglian glaciation occur predominantly between geological history and human along the northern edge of the London Basin, while sediments deposited after the Anglian glaciation are found development. along the flood plains of the current rivers, including the Thames and Lea. ■■ The youngest sediments are sands and gravels deposited by the Thames in its current location since the last ice age. These deposits also preserve a record of past landscapes and climates. ■■ Archaeological artefacts found in these Quaternary deposits assist in deciphering our human history with evidence of some of the earliest human occupation.
48 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Landscape attribute Justification for selection Providing comparatively undeveloped ■■ The comparatively undeveloped nature of the countryside is felt by residents to be one of the over-riding countryside on the very edge of London, characteristics of this disparate landscape. accentuated by its well-wooded and prominent ■■ It is both a product of the Metropolitan Green Belt that has restricted the coalescence of settlements over hills and ridges, particularly on the Hertfordshire much of the NCA and the medieval origins of parts of the landscape that, in the main, has created a relatively plateaux and the Essex wooded hills. enclosed and intimate ‘bosky’ landscape with development off the higher plateaux. This characteristic tends to contain the visual influence of development in parts (but not all) of the NCA.The NCA provides easily accessible countryside both to the large and growing population of the NCA and that of north London, serving a population in excess of 4 million. An area of mixed farming, with arable land ■■ Differences in agriculture reflect the underlying soils with arable, up until the post Second World War years, predominating on the Hertfordshire plateaux, associated with the lighter soils of the Hertfordshire plateaux and the Essex heathlands. With agricultural parts of the London Clay lowlands and the Essex improvements and under-drainage, arable production has spread into the London Clay lowlands and some river heathlands, and grassland often characteristic of valleys, although since 2000 there has been a slight increase in the areas under grassland and a slight fall in the the river valleys, while orchards and horticulture areas under arable and horticulture. are found on the lighter sandy soils of past ■■ Orchards and horticulture are found on the lighter sandy soils of past heathland north of Colchester in the Essex heathland. heathlands and in parts of the Essex wooded hills and ridges. A varied field pattern reflecting historical ■■ Roman grid field divisions are still evident on the Dengie Peninsula while medieval and later informal enclosures evolution with hedgerows and hedgerow trees are characteristic of the Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys and parts of the Essex wooded hills and ridges, once a common feature contributing considerably and river valleys elsewhere. to the enclosed and wooded character of the ■■ Parliamentary enclosures are more characteristic of the Essex heathlands and London Clay lowlands. Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys and the ■■ Across much of the area hedgerows were characteristically thick with a large population of hedgerow elms that Essex wooded hills and ridges, while some strong have been lost in the last 40 years to Dutch elm disease, significantly opening up the landscape. hedgerow patterns remain in the London Clay lowlands and the Essex heathlands.
49 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Landscape opportunities ■■ Manage and significantly reinforce the distinctive and varied hedgerow pattern with medieval enclosures contributing to the enclosed and wooded ■■ Protect and enhance the character of ‘undeveloped’ countryside on the character of the Hertfordshire plateaux and river valleys, the Essex wooded edge of London, much assisted by significant areas of woodland cover, hills and ridges and river valleys elsewhere. Replace lost hedgerows to which retains a strong sense of tranquillity and aids the retention of a clear reinforce field pattern in the Essex heathlands and London Clay lowlands. distinction and separation between different settlements. Significantly increase the population of hedgerow trees that were once a common feature across the NCA before the onset of Dutch elm disease. ■■ Protect the overall agricultural diversity of the wider countryside with areas of arable, intensive horticulture and pasture, encouraging sustainable ■■ Manage and significantly expand areas of remnant wood pasture that management to protect agricultural soils and enhance farmland biodiversity. was once a dominant feature of this NCA, providing the interlinking fabric between the wooded and open commons and areas of ancient woodland ■■ Protect the underlying dispersed medieval settlement pattern characteristic and royal hunting forests in the Essex wooded hills and ridges and the Essex of much of the NCA with attractive hamlets and villages with their heathlands. Re-link remaining fragments of wood pasture where possible distinctive vernacular, (including timber-framed houses often with timber and create new areas where this can contribute to enhancing recreational weatherboard and small parish churches with timber spires and shingle opportunities and biodiversity and can provide appropriate restoration of cladding) important historic towns (including Colchester and St Albans - past mineral workings. Verulamium) of Roman origin, and the more recent garden city of Welwyn and the plotlands of the 1920s and 1930s. ■■ Manage, restore and re-link areas of remnant lowland heathland found on areas capped by glacial sands and gravels, notably within the Essex ■■ Protect and appropriately manage the rich archaeology of the area including heathlands and Essex wooded hills and ridges sub-areas, through localised buried archaeology, iron-age hill forts and the sites of abandoned prehistoric restoration of agricultural land, conversion of conifer plantations and the settlements (especially found on the Hertfordshire plateaux and Essex sympathetic management of recreation facilities, especially golf courses. heathlands), and the rich heritage of designed parklands associated with estates of Hertfordshire and Essex, while also conserving landscapes linked to the arts – ■■ Manage, restore and significantly expand the wetlands of the river valleys of most notably Dedham Vale, the inspiration for the painter, Constable. the NCA including wet grassland, valley woodlands, flood plain woodlands, non-coastal grazing marsh, fens, rush pasture, swamp and valley mires ■■ Protect and appropriately manage important exposures of the Tertiary and which, with their high water tables are important sites for over-wintering Quaternary sedimentary deposits with the latter demonstrating the close wildfowl, adding significantly to biodiversity and landscape character. inter-relationship between geological history and human development. Restore river valley minerals sites to wetlands and washlands and seek
50 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
opportunities to restore the natural geomorphology of rivers where this will significantly enhance their biodiversity and landscape contribution, including the conservation and planting of a new generation of riverside willows.
■■ Manage water quality impacts to the principal chalk aquifer by implementing land management practices to reduce sources of pollution, and to improve recharge.
■■ Plan for a significant expansion in the woodland cover of this NCA, conserving and re-linking areas of ancient woodland, bringing enhanced landscape structure to the open landscapes of the NCA, and providing new woodland as a recreational resource close to settlements. This will provide a means of creating a clear division between expanding settlements, building on proposals for the Green Grid and of the Community Forests of the area, and through the restoration of mineral workings, potentially providing a mosaic with wetland habitats.
51 ·
National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Ecosystem service analysis Please note that the following analysis is based upon available data and current understanding of ecosystem services. It does not represent a comprehensive local The following section shows the analysis used to determine key Ecosystem assessment. Quality and quantity of data for each service is variable locally and Service opportunities within the area. These opportunities have been many of the services listed are not yet fully researched or understood. Therefore combined with the analysis of landscape opportunities to create Statements of analysis and opportunities may change upon publication of further evidence and Environmental Opportunity. better understanding of the inter-relationship between services at a local level.
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Food provision Fertile soils 53 per cent of land use in this area is Regional Arable farming is a major industry within Manage the landscape to retain Food provision arable, mainly wheat and oilseed rape, the area and provides a significant food the value of food provision, Climate but in addition to this there are sizable resource. employing sustainable farming Regulating soil flocks of sheep grazed on the land with an practices to increase the value quality estimated 18,800 breeding ewes in 2007. Farming can have an impact on the of other ecosystem services surrounding environment especially in including biodiversity, water Water The most fertile soils are found in the terms of water availability. Demands for availability, and soil and water availability river valleys of Hertfordshire and Essex water in the area are high due to the size quality. The uptake of agri- heathlands with the majority of Grade 1 of the local population so extraction of environment schemes will help Regulating and 2 agricultural land found in the latter. water for irrigating crops can create an to achieve this. water quality added pressure on this limited resource. In the London Clay areas improvements in Crop type and the cultivation techniques Regulating soil knowledge and technology over time has may need to be modified in coming years erosion allowed this poorer quality soil to be used to increase drought resilience and reduce for arable but it is also used as pasture land diffuse pollution. The sandy soils of the too which is its traditional use. Essex heathlands and the Essex hills are Sense of place / susceptible to erosion on slopes and in inspiration dry summers to wind erosion. Sense of history Climate change predictions indicate that summers will become longer and drier Biodiversity and this will create many challenges of farming. Careful crop selection and Geodiversity cultivation may be required in response to reduced water availability and as a means of reducing soil erosion as conditions become hotter and drier. w 52 Ecosystem service analysis National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Timber Conifer Coniferous plantations (0.7 per cent of Local Although woodlands only make up a small Seek opportunities to increase Timber provision plantations the area) and woodland cover as a whole proportion of the area they are one of the woodland management and provision planted on makes up only 6 per cent of land use. Many largest BAP priority areas and are important return existing woodland to previous lime of these woodlands have evidence of for wildlife and biodiversity. active management where this Biodiversity woods in previous management through coppicing will benefit timber provision, Hertfordshire and pollarding going back several hundred Commercial timber provision is relatively the landscape and biodiversity. Recreation years where the wood was used for fuel small scale but the woodland area provides Semi –natural and building materials. Management today an important role for carbon sequestration Recreational woodlands should Biomass energy woodlands is patchy or non-existent reflecting the and as a recreational resource. They also be managed and extended to (ancient, wet declining trend of woodland management provide a sense of tranquillity and preserve include timber provision. Climate and deciduous since the Second World War but the the landscape character. regulation woodlands) opportunity remains to reinstate this Other opportunities that management. Timber production gives the opportunity would support the creation Sense of place / Recreational to expand habitats and the biodiversity or expansion of woodlands inspiration woodlands Within the area there are two community associated with woodlands. Coppicing should also be secured in forests; Watling and Thames Chase, which in selected areas of the woodland appropriate locations. are currently managed as recreational has potential to increase the overall areas for the heavily urbanised areas biodiversity of the habitat, improving around London. They represent large areas conditions for many species of of potential timber resource. invertebrates, birds and mammals. Expansion of the forest area would not only increase timber availability but also help to increase climate change regulation, as woodlands offer one of the most effective means of carbon sequestration within this landscape.
If woodlands are to be expanded then it is important that other key habitats are not damaged in the process, for example planting on existing heathlands, species rich grasslands and wetlands. It is important to consider the land which is most important in terms of food provision when considering woodland expansion along with historical and geological features.
53 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Water London Basin The west of the NCA is underlain by an Regional Meeting the large demand for potable Work with land managers to Water availability Chalk aquifer extensive chalk outcrop of the principal and irrigation water in this area is a improve land management availability London Basin Chalk aquifer, which big challenge and one that needs to practices, such as increasing soil Extensive provides the main source of water for be addressed to meet the needs of an organic matter and reducing Regulating network of London. Recharge of the aquifer largely expanding population and the impacts soil compaction, to improve water quality rivers occurs from the chalk outcrop as water of climate change. infiltration and aid aquifer flows underground to London from the recharge. Regulating soil Expansion Chilterns4. The aquifer is extensively The west of the NCA also provides the erosion of Abberton abstracted for public water supply, both main source of water for Inner London Ensure the sustainable Reservoir within the NCA and Inner London. through recharge to the principal management of the principal Biodiversity aquifer, and as such land management chalk aquifer through Currently there is no groundwater available practices within this area will have catchment-wide integrated water Geodiversity for extraction in the western section of major impacts on the availability of management policies. the NCA but water is available around water in the confined chalk under the River Lee and M11 areas5. In the east London. Secure measures to reduce the groundwater is over abstracted so water wastage in the home and the central area is the only place that has Urban areas are continuing to expand commercial enterprises by using surplus water available. There is an attempt and new housing estates are created rainwater recycling measures and 4 Management of the London to address this by the use of reservoirs and within the more rural areas increasing promotion of drought resistant Basin Chalk Aquifer – Status attempts to expand them where possible as the local demand for water supply. planting schemes including in Report, Environment has recently been done in Abberton, Essex. Many of these houses will have domestic gardens. Agency (2012) https:// gardens further increasing demand for publications.environment- With recent trends of drought weather water especially in the hotter months Work with land managers to put agency.gov.uk/skeleton/ in summer there has been increasing when demand is already high. in place storage measures to help publications/ViewPublication. pressure on water systems in the area meet their water demands in drier aspx?id=e068d7b0-7eb2-4461- with rivers and groundwater being over Current management of arable land periods. Similar measures should b5d7-07dc3be75c28 abstracted which causes major problems often involves using drains to remove be encouraged on recreational to natural habitats and the species that excess water from fields into nearby sites such as golf courses. they support. water systems to prevent water 5 London Abstraction Licensing logging. This enables nitrates and Measures to reduce wind Strategy, Environment Agency Continued over... pesticides to enter the water system evaporation on fields particularly (Feb 2013) http://www. and also removes water that maybe in drier periods, such as the environment-agency.gov.uk/ needed when conditions become drier. through planting of hedgerows, business/topics/water/132669. should be encouraged. aspx Continued over... Continued over...
54 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Water ...continued from previous ...continued from previous ...continued from previous availability continued Due to large demand for water for this During drier conditions, this area Promote the planting of area, in extremely dry summers water has cannot meet the high demand for drought tolerant crops. needed to be obtained from outside of water from its own supplies and the area to meet these demands. This is relies on supplies being met from Encourage land managers to supplied by the rivers in the Norfolk area groundwater aquifers in Norfolk. allow natural flooding to help which feed into the Ouse Groundwater Predicted future weather patterns restore wetlands helping to system and transfer water to the Abberton indicate that summers will be longer, store water in wetter periods; Reservoir. Therefore the requirement for dry and hotter suggesting demands increasing water availability water within this area also has an impact for water during these months will during drier months while on other NCAs including the Brecklands. increase. Relying on water supplies limiting over abstraction. from surrounding areas will not be Predictions of the impact of climate sustainable in the long term as the change on water availability expect that pressures on these areas for water are there will be shorter winters with increased also likely to increase. The area needs precipitation and longer summers with to become more sustainable in regards reduced precipitation, therefore future to its water use but this becomes planning will need to consider how water increasing difficult with continuous availability will be affected. demands for new housing.
As demand increases reservoir capacities will be insufficient requiring increased capacity. Abberton Reservoir in Essex has recently been expanded to meet growing demands and work has been accomplished without impacting significantly on the wildfowl that use this important Ramsar site.
55 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Genetic Orchards with Traditional orchards are still in existence Local Many orchards have been neglected Return existing orchards into Genetic diversity heritage species but in a poor state and are declining. The or destroyed, but efforts are underway active management. diversity of fruit trees decline in Essex has been significant. to protect these habitats and prevent including rare further losses. Establish new orchards using Food provision species There are many local varieties still grown traditional varieties of fruit including a very old variety dating back to The preservation of the different types trees and encourage local Biodiversity Local breeds 1785 (the D’Arcy Spice apple). of orchard fruit is important to retain markets for the produce. of pig, cattle, the genetic diversity of food crops. Sense of history sheep, goat, There are rare breeds of cattle, pig, sheep, Increased genetic diversity affords an horse and pony goat, horse and pony that are still likely to increased ability to respond to climate Sense of place / be found in small numbers. change and disease. inspiration
Some varieties of apples are still sold in Pollination the area but on a small scale such as in farm shops or markets. Biomass energy Woodland Woodlands only make up 6 per cent of Local In terms of woodlands being used as Secure the management Biomass energy management the area with an additional 12 per cent of a biomass resource the current area is of existing woodlands and (coppicing / community woodland. relatively small and under-managed establish the opportunity Biodiversity felling) but there is potential to increase for woodland creation in Management of the woodlands in the area capacity provided management appropriate locations for Regulating soil Growth of is low and has rapidly decreased since the enhances the health of the woodland biomass production. erosion miscanthus end of the Second World War. habitat. Evaluate the potential to grow Pollination Short rotation In 2013 there was only one area in The majority of this area has been miscanthus and the short coppice (SRC) Hertfordshire growing energy crops. highlighted as having a high yield rotation coppice as sustainable Regulating using willow potential for both miscanthus and SRC source of biomass where water quality and poplar but a balance has to be struck between appropriate. the need for this crop and the need for food production. It is also important that existing habitats are not destroyed to meet the demand for energy.
56 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Climate Field boundaries Over 50 per cent of this area is arable land Regional Woodland habitat can perform an Support woodland and tree Climate regulation – hedgerows which is not the optimal form of land important role in carbon sequestration planting and enhance the regulation management for carbon sequestration but the woodland habitats in this area hedgerow network to enhance Woodland (storage) as soil disturbance often results are currently small in extent so their landscape character and Food provision in the release of carbon stored in the impacts in reducing carbon levels are improve carbon sequestration Heathlands substrate. limited. Hedgerows are also a feature by for instance expanding Regulating soil (small of the landscape but over time many woodland edges into improved quality contribution) The presence of hedgerows and have been removed to make way for grassland and reinstating woodlands in the area helps as these larger fields as farming practices have hedgerow field boundaries. Regulating soil Soils (limited habitats are good carbon stores. Heathland changed. erosion contribution) and grassland habitats also help with Promote the planting of trees carbon sequestration and storage. The most extensive land use in the and hedgerows within new Biodiversity Unimproved area is agriculture. It is important that developments. grasslands the arable cultivation techniques Biomass energy employed do not deplete soil carbon Encourage measures to reduce levels further. Careful cropping tillage and increase the planting Water techniques, the use of cover crops of cover crops and the organic availability and measures to actively increase the matter within the soil. organic content of soils could enable Sense of place / increased carbon sequestration within Secure opportunities to inspiration some areas of the NCA. improve heath land and grassland management by Sense of history The relatively high levels of organic reducing cutting and over matter in the soils within wetland grazing. Geodiversity habitats also helps with carbon storage but again these habitats only make up a very small part of the overall landscape.
57 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Regulating Rivers Groundwater status is poor in much of the Regional High population densities within the Implement catchment-wide Regulating water quality NCA, although it has been classed as good NCA put pressure on water quality water management plans to water quality Wetlands in large parts of the underlying Chalk beds through discharges from sewage ensure a coordinated approach that provides the main source of recharge treatment works and diffuse pollution. to reducing the impacts of Biodiversity Woodland for the principal chalk aquifer6. Growth and regeneration of urban pollution. Food provision areas will be increasing demands on Hedgerows The current ecological status of the rivers the water resource but also present an Ensure local development Regulating soil shows that the majority of rivers are of opportunity to make improvements to plans include the sustainable quality moderate status and only part of the River the water environment. management of water Lee was found to have good ecological resources and promote Geodiversity status. Several rivers were found to be poor Diffuse pollution from agricultural measures to reduce adverse including the rivers Chelmer, Hanningfield areas is also a major pressure on the impacts on water quality in and parts of the River Rib, the Stort and Lee. water environment in the NCA. the future, including the use of The River Ver and the Cobbins Brook were sustainable drainage systems found to be in bad ecological status. The Aquifers supply 40 per cent of the (SuDS), sewage treatment majority of the failures are associated with drinking water and supply flow options and reducing nutrients either poor morphology and/or pollution. for rivers and wetlands within the from diffuse pollution. area. Safeguarding supplies and the environment by protecting Reinstate natural water filters groundwater from pollution is such as reed beds, tree lines, essential. hedgerows and grass verges to help filter surface water The majority of rivers are classified run-off from roads, gardens as having moderate ecological status arable fields and other areas or lower mainly due to high levels of before surface run-off enters phosphates effecting the biological watercourses. systems within the river. High levels of phosphates can have detrimental Improve the morphological impacts on the ecology of rivers and features of the rivers, including other water bodies by reducing the urban rivers to help reinstate amount of available oxygen within natural biological processes the water which in turn can reduce to help maintain and improve the diversity of aquatic plants, surface water quality. 6 Thames River Basin District Management Plan, Environment Agency (Dec 2009). Accessed invertebrates and fish. March 2013 at http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/planning/125035.aspx Continued over... Continued over...
58 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Regulating ...continued from previous ...continued from previous water quality continued There are chemical failures in local Work with land managers rivers which are likely to be related to continue to use new to run-off from roads in the urban technologies and techniques areas. The loss of morphology within in farming that reduce the many urban rivers has reduced natural levels of fertilisers, herbicides processes that would otherwise help and pesticides used on land to maintain and improve water quality. which will not only reduce the The loss of morphology and increased levels of contaminated run- pollution impacts on the numbers of off entering water systems, fish and invertebrates. including the principal aquifer, but also improve the Efforts are being made to reduce productivity of farming. the levels of agricultural fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides and the introduction of new technology, such as precision farming, will further help to reduce levels of chemicals entering the water system.
Semi-natural habitats play an important role in filtering surface water run-off before it enters watercourses. Reed beds and wetlands are good examples but tree lines, woodlands, hedgerows and grass verges will also play a part in reducing the levels of chemicals that can enter water systems. Many of these habitats are only found in small fragments across the area and are absent from many locations where they would have the most value.
59 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Regulating Flood plains Much of the Essex area of the NCA is at low Regional The rivers in the area that are most Opportunities to reinstate areas Regulating water flow risk from flooding, however there are some likely to present flood risk are the of active flood plain through water flow (flooding) Wetlands parts that are at higher risk. rivers Lee, Colne, Chelmer and Crouch. development designed to adapt Areas close to these rivers have an to and deal with current and Water Woodlands The rivers Colne, Chelmer and Crouch increased risk of flood damage to future flood risk, should be availability present the greatest flood risk in the land and property and this problem secured when developments Grasslands area and will mainly affect Colchester, is increased in urban areas especially occur in or close to flood plain Regulating Maldon, Basildon and Wickford. There when the flood plain has been heavily areas. water quality Rivers is also the possibility that the two large developed. London areas are most reservoirs in the area (Abberton Reservoir effected by flood plain development Secure opportunities to expand Pollination Reservoirs and Hanningfield Reservoir) could have and it has been accepted that previous or create areas of semi-natural future flood risk potential and could affect measures to reduce risk of flooding habitats such as woodlands Pest regulation surrounding areas. (straightening of rivers) is no longer (particularly wet woodlands), suitable and cannot mitigate the flood plain grazing marshes, Sense of place / In the London and Hertfordshire areas effects of climate change. reed beds and grasslands to inspiration of the NCA the main risk of flooding increase soil infiltration helping arises from the River Lee. The levels of Upper reaches of the Lee in to alleviate flood risk. Sense of history development on the flood plain are very Hertfordshire also have an increased high in the North London area, which will risk of flooding as the flood plains here Consider the use of existing Tranquillity increase the risk of flooding of properties are wide and flat so properties nearby and newly created semi natural in the area. This risk reduces in the face increased flood risk. habitat to act as buffer zones to Biodiversity Hertfordshire area but some risk still exists. protect existing development There are many reservoirs in the area and important arable land from Geodiversity The urban areas in the NCA face increased and these may help to alleviate some flooding. surface water flooding risk. The areas most pressure by storing water during likely affected are London and its suburbs, high rainfall events. There is only a Flood storage schemes may Southend and Thurrock. small area of the NCA which is near need to be put in place the coast. Parts of Harwich, Rayleigh where flood defences will be There is also potential for coastal flooding and Southend are near enough to put difficult to implement and in some areas as sea levels rise; the places them in potential danger of increased opportunities to incorporate most likely to be affected are Harwich, flooding if sea levels continue to rise. constructed storage (reservoirs) Rayleigh and Southend. with natural storage (semi- natural habitats) should be explored and secured.
60 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Regulating soil Agricultural land There are 7 main soilscape types and Local The main soils in this area are affected There are opportunities to Regulating soil quality these are; slowly permeable seasonally by compaction in wet conditions that change practices and manage quality Semi-natural wet, slightly acidic but base rich loamy can result in poor water infiltration into the soil in a way that increases habitats and clayey soils (48 per cent of NCA); the soil and increased overland run- organic matter. Food provision slightly acidic loamy and clayey soils with off, which is likely to increase diffuse impeded drainage (19 per cent); freely pollution into associated water courses. Seek to reduce compaction Regulating soil draining slightly acidic loamy soils (14 The acid loamy and clayey soils (19 per of soil, by using agricultural erosion per cent); loamy soils with naturally high cent) are easily poached by animals and equipment with a low ground groundwater (7 per cent); slowly permeable compacted by machinery so careful pressure during periods of Regulating seasonally wet acid loamy and clayey soils management of these soils is required to wet weather and managing water quality (4 per cent); lime rich loamy and clayey prevent damage. livestock to reduce the risk of soils with impeded drainage (2 per cent); poaching. Water Slightly acidic loamy soils (14 per cent) are and loamy and clayey flood plain soils with availability an important resource as there is potential Consider establishing naturally high groundwater (2 per cent). to increase organic matter levels which can continuous vegetation cover Climate help with the recharge of the underlying where high risk crops are The most common soil type that makes up chalk aquifer helping to improve water regulation 48 per cent of soils in the area could suffer availability in this NCA and beyond. currently cultivated in high from compaction and capping as it is more risk locations where these are Geodiversity prone to damage when wet. The second Reduced organic matter is the main risk associated with high rates of most common soil type that makes up 19 to all soil types. Increasing organic matter diffuse pollution. Biodiversity per cent of soil is at risk from poaching in soils will afford an increased ability from livestock and compaction from heavy to store nutrients and water and will Sense of place / machinery and top soil of weak structure increase storage of carbon. Reducing the inspiration effects of compaction of soil will help can easily be damaged so activities should to solve many problems faced by land be carefully timed to prevent compaction management at present and in the future. within the soil. Careful management of soils is needed The soil type that makes up 14 per cent of to prevent compaction, which not only the NCA has the potential to increase its damages the structure of the soil, but organic matter content with the correct also prevents water infiltrating the soil, management. resulting in increased rates of overland run-off entering water courses. Management practices could be adapted to help improve soil quality, which could help to increase agricultural yields in the long term.
61 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Regulating soil Semi-natural Most soils in this area are at low risk Local In general, the soils in the area are Water erosion can be reduced Regulating soil erosion habitats of erosion but some soil types (21 per at low risk of erosion. Where they by increasing organic matter in erosion cent) are affected by compaction in wet are at risk is where the soil is of the the soil and ensuring that bare Hedgerows and conditions that can damage the soils best quality and of value for food soils are kept to a minimum. Food provision trees structure, reducing the amount of water production. Exposed soils are at risk of that can be absorbed by the soil. This can water and wind erosion and reduced Areas affected by wind Regulating soil Woodlands lead to increased overland run-off that organic matter content. erosion will benefit from the quality can lead to erosion of the soils surface. introduction of hedgerows and The soils found in the Essex heathlands Poaching can be an issue in some tree lines to act as wind breaks. Regulating and Essex hills and ridges are at risk or areas resulting in direct erosion and This can also help with water water quality erosion on sloping land, especially when compaction which damages the soils erosion by reducing the effects left exposed, and this risk increases in soils structure and subsequent erosion. of overland run-off. with low organic matter. Heavy machinery could also be an issue in this instance requiring Careful management decisions effective management to reduce should be made, especially damage. during wet conditions, to reduce the effects of Wind erosion may have an effect compaction from livestock and in some instances where the soil heavy machinery. is comprised of fine material and unsheltered by trees and hedgerows.
62 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Pollination Semi-natural At present this area has the required Local The semi-natural habitats required for Improvements could be made Pollination habitats habitats to aid pollinators but the areas are pollinators are small and fragmented to semi-natural habitats by especially very small and fragmented so this limits throughout the landscape but pollinators expanding their range where hedgerows and the numbers of pollinators that can be could help to improve the yield of some possible and connecting Food provision grasslands/field supported. crops grown here. It is likely that land habitats by creating corridors margins managers have compensated for this by that allow pollinators to expand Biodiversity Pollination is needed for oilseed rape and importing bumblebees commercially; their numbers and range. Orchards this is one of the main crop types grown in however, stricter regulation on the Pest regulation the area so pollination is a big part of the introduction of species from outside the To engage more with NCA as more than 50 per cent of the area is UK is likely to make this practice more landowners and give help Sense of place / agricultural land and a large percentage of difficult in the future. and advice on the agri- inspiration this is arable. environmental schemes Practices that encourage pollinators available which can help to have been adopted by many and with compensate for land lost to the the help of agri-environmental schemes creation of field margins and many landowners have been able to hedgerows. put aside land and manage it in a way that benefits wildlife in general. If the Help inform the wider level of pollinators is to increase these community of the benefits that steps need to go further by encouraging pollinators can offer in terms of more landowners to set less valuable food provision. land aside to be given over to field margins and hedgerow planting and Promote the importance of connecting habitats to expand the creating better habitats in species range. This could possibly help urban areas by encouraging to reduce the cost of food production local authorities to adapt by reducing or eliminating the need to how they manage public land import pollinators and could also help such as roadside verges, parks to expand the success of orchards. and other green areas, too allow areas to develop into The extent of semi-natural habitat grassland and wildflower areas, within the urban areas of the NCA increasing the wildlife value is likely to have a limiting effect on of parklands while benefiting the range and number of pollinating many pollinating invertebrates. insectsalthough domestic gardens will support larger numbers.
63 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Pest regulation Semi-natural As with pollinators this area has the Local There are a variety of predatory Secure opportunities to expand Pest regulation habitats required habitats to support the necessary invertebrate species that are found or create suitable semi-natural invertebrate species but the habitats are throughout the area which could help habitats and effectively Food provision small and fragmented limiting the density to limit the need for chemical control manage to ensure they remain of the species that can live in the NCA as a measures if found in greater numbers. viable to support the species Biodiversity whole. required, such as maintaining As with the pollinators there are effective grasslands using Pollination opportunities for landowners to adopt suitable levels of grazing. more sensitive management of land Sense of place / to encourage predatory invertebrates Engage with local landowners inspiration to expand their range and increase and promote the benefits of their populations. Measures could agri-environmental schemes. include putting aside less productive land to become grasslands/wildflower Encourage local authorities meadows and creating more field in urban areas to adapt the margins and hedgerows as boundary management plans for public features. Many landowners already do green areas, such as parks this throughout the area but there is and grass verges, to be less potential to expand this practice. intensive so suitable habitats for predator species can be The urban environment could also available in these areas so play its part in the creation of suitable their range and numbers can habitats such as changing management increase. regimes of roadside verges, parks and other green areas to provide for the needs of invertebrates and other wildlife, allowing them to use the urban environment to disperse throughout the landscape.
64 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Sense of place / Mixtures of This area has a diverse appeal as it has a Regional The mix or urban and rural is a key part Maintain and enhance the Sense of place / inspiration urban area strong mixture of urban and rural. North of the character of this area and is a balance of the urban and inspiration surrounded and North West London forms part of this balance which needs to be managed as rural landscapes ensuring by an open NCA which is much urbanised and heavily pressure for increased settlement and the character of the area’s Recreation undeveloped populated. Further north from London into infrastructure development is high. settlements is maintained landscape Hertfordshire and Essex, the area becomes in the rural areas and urban Tranquillity increasingly rural with development much Appropriately managing the woodland encroachment kept to a Ancient more dispersed and patchy intersected for its contribution to the landscape, minimum. Sense of history woodland by agricultural land, woodlands and but also for the habitats it provides throughout the hedgerows. and the recreation resource it offers Conserve and enhance the Biodiversity Hertfordshire the large surrounding population rural urban fringe through the plateaux and The area has some large woodlands is important in this area. Woodland spatial planning process and Geodiversity Essex wooded and important ancient woodland, with can be used to screen urban edges through good design in new hills and ridges woodland a key feature of ridgelines and and offer green infrastructure links development. hills in parts, giving a strongly wooded to the surrounding countryside. Grasslands, character. Ensuring the quality of the large areas Protect and enhance the heathlands and of ancient woodland is maintained wooded character of the fens while accommodating recreation use area, creating new woodland will help protect this resource for the as appropriate on the urban Inspirational future. fringes to screen settlement landscape of edges and provide habitat and natural beauty, This landscape is highly valued by the green infrastructure benefits. such as Dedham surrounding urban populations for the Vale opportunity to escape the hustle and Provide good recreational bustle of London. Residents enjoy the infrastructure while also ability to escape to the countryside or protecting and managing the coast, while not having to travel far habitats in the areas of ancient from home. woodland to ensure the local community can enjoy the The diversity and quality of the rural areas without detriment to the landscape in close proximity to important wildlife. London, is strongly desired and needs to be retained if the area is to keep its character.
65 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Sense of history Long settlement This area has a rich heritage and has National The presence of the City of London in Protect and promote the Sense of history history historical evidence of settlement in the close proximity to the NCA has helped strong Roman history in the including Hertfordshire, Essex heathlands and shape the area as it is today. From the area, offering education and Sense of place / many Roman London areas dating back to the prehistoric development of parklands and large interpretation to highlight inspiration connections along with palaeoenvironmental, country houses in Hertfordshire, the importance of the area in Palaeolithic and archaeological evidence. that were developed by rich London Roman Britain. Biodiversity Traditional merchants , to the criss-cross of roads, rail orchards There is a long settlement history in this and waterways that have been created Promote the recreation and Tranquillity and ancient NCA, being close to the City of London to connect London to surrounding areas tourism potential available woodland towns such as St Albans and Welwyn in and the country as a whole. in the area which allows the Recreation Hertfordshire can trace their origins to the The strong Roman history of the area is local community and visitors Archaeology Roman occupation of the area and the NCA evidenced by the presence of Colchester to interact with centuries of Geodiversity includes Colchester, the Roman capital city and its castle which started out as a local history. Use this resource of Britain. Roman temple and was rebuilt as the to improve the local economy Norman castle seen today. without damaging the character The area has a strong natural history, of the area. evident within the remnants of traditional The historical settlement pattern of the orchards and local fruit varieties and the area remains in some places, which Manage the orchards and ancient woodlands, such as Broxbourne consist of dispersed hamlets and villages ancient woodland in good surrounded by farmland and farmsteads. Wood and Epping Forest, with their condition to ensure this beautiful displays of bluebells and other Traditional 18th century hedgerow resource, which has provided wildflowers. boundary markers still exist but have many generations with food diminished extensively since the Second and fuel, is maintained into the World War. future. There are more recent Second World War landmarks such as the many pillboxes scattered around the areas near the coast. Historical features are important visitor attractions and could help improve the local economy. Care should be taken that the attractions that bring people to the area are not destroyed in expansion projects to accommodate the influx of new residents and visitors.
66 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Tranquillity Semi-natural According to the CPRE intrusion map (2007) Local Inward migration to the area has Ensure the dispersed Tranquillity habitats this area is 32 per cent urban and 55 per increased housing, infrastructure settlement character in some cent disturbed leaving only 13 per cent and in urban sprawl supported by parts of the NCA is retained Biodiversity Well-wooded of the area undisturbed. Owing to this, improved transport links to London. through careful design and areas areas around large settlements have low This in turn has reduced the tranquillity location of new development. Sense of place / levels of tranquillity but surrounding areas of the area over time. inspiration Dispersed where agricultural land, woodlands and Promote the creation of settlement other semi-natural habitats dominate the Remote areas remain and the presence woodland, hedgerows Sense of history patterns tranquillity levels increase. of woodland, especially the wooded and other semi-natural hills and areas of ancient woodland, habitats to help integrate Agricultural along with wider areas of agricultural future developments and landscape use, has retained some degree of infrastructure into the tranquillity. surrounding landscape.
Recreation Country parks This area has 3,084 km of public rights of way ( at Regional With such a large adjacent urban Improve access to the rural Recreation a density of 1.2 km per km2) but only 5 per cent population, the access and recreation environment through new green Historical sites of the NCA is classified as publically accessible. assets of this NCA are highly valued and infrastructure links, ensuring this Biodiversity highly used. There is a need to manage The largest areas of publicly accessible land is considered in the planning Nature reserves the resources so they do not become process and in any large scale Geodiversity are Woods for People (3 per cent of the NCA), degraded, at the same time as promoting conservation projects. land within the Forestry Commission Walkers the opportunities to ensure they bring Open access Welcome Grants (2 per cent), Countryside Right Tranquillity areas maximum benefit to a large number of of Way Act Section 15 land (1 per cent-3,368 ha), people. Implement measure that engage country parks (1 per cent-3,261 ha) and Local adults and children in the design Sense of place / Strategic green Nature Reserves (1 per cent-1,907 ha). The presence of many nature reserves and use of local greenspace inspiration infrastructure and country parks offers the chance for The designated sites allow people access to improve understanding of the and walk urban populations to easily access open natural environment and provide Pollination rare wildlife such as bats, water voles, otters, green space, bringing health and recreation networks volunteering opportunities to bluebells and various orchids as well other benefits. wildlife such as badgers, foxes and various types increase experience with the Pest regulation Public parks of birds, butterflies and invertebrate to enhance Footpaths and trails are limited and natural world. the visitor experience of wildlife and the natural dispersed but are found throughout the Climate Woodlands environment. area. Maximise opportunities through regulation – Woods for The reservoirs, canals and rivers are well- The All London Green Grid initiative contains development and regeneration People used for recreation and provide good green a series of frameworks designed to deliver to help implement the All London infrastructure links from urban to rural areas. and improve strategic and local green Green Grid Frameworks. infrastructure.
67 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Biodiversity Semi-natural There are 14,593 ha of BAP priority habitats National There is a range of habitat types supporting Enhance, connect and expand Biodiversity habitats / BAP within the NCA which equates to almost 6 a modest number of species. A significant semi-natural habitats to help priority habitats per cent of the land area. barrier to increasing biodiversity is that the improve biodiversity and make Sense of place / semi-natural habitats are small in extent, it more resililient to pressures inspiration Orchards There are also 6 Ramsar sites, 6 Special fragmented and under continuous threat for change. Protection Areas, 3 Special Areas of of being destroyed through inappropriate Sense of history Hedgerows Conservation, 2 National Nature Reserves management or the continued need to Continue to engage farmers in and 72 SSSI (please note that some sites accommodate new development in the agri-environmental schemes, Pollination Agricultural land have more than 1 designation so there area. which will allow landowners is some double counting within these to receive funding to continue Pest regulation Appropriate active management of figures). to manage their land in an remaining semi-natural habitats should environmentally sensitive way. Food provision be accompanied by measures to increase Many of the BAP habitats in the NCA are the extent of key habitats and their overall wetland sites so water is a necessity for Climate connectivity within the landscape. This these sites to remain viable. regulation could enable healthy populations of important wildlife including dormice, bats, water voles and great crested newts to Genetic be retained within the landscape Some diversity work is currently underway to apply a landscape scale approach to habitat Tranquillity connectivity and protection from outside pressures, such as development, pollution and water resources , connecting sites and enabling greater species dispersal. In some agricultural settings farmers are helping to improve biodiversity by managing land to create semi-natural habitats and allowing hedgerows and margins along field edges to remain uncultivated. These efforts are usually possible through the establishment of agri-environmental schemes that can compensate landowners for the loss of income associated with more intensive farming techniques. These measures provide a vital role in supporting biodiversity on a landscape scale.
68 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Assets/ Principal attributes: main services contributors to Main offered by Service service State beneficiary Analysis Opportunities opportunities Geodiversity Geological SSSI There are 20 Geological SSSI with just over National There is high demand for minerals Ensure sensitive practices Geodiversity. half in favourable condition and 3 Local nationally and some sites are still are employed in the ongoing Local Geological geological Sites. usebeing extracted. Many are now extraction of mineral resources Recreation Sites disused. from the area. These sites have been selected for their Sense of place / Quaternary importance to the study of the formation Much of the evidence found relates work to retain the value of inspiration sediments of the local area and in some cases they to the formation of the local area, the areas geological resource, allowing contain rare examples of geological particularly the movement of the promoting access and Sense of history study into the formation of regional and national Thames south to its current location; interpretation of important formation of the importance. some of the stratographical evidence geological sites to increase Thames has not only regional but national understanding of the local Many of these sites are in unfavourable significance too. Much of the evidence history and geology of the area. condition but none are declining. relates to the Pleistocene period.
Continuous pollen records have been found that give insight into periods of formation history as well as mammal, invertebrate and plant remains some of which are now extinct and others that are no longer native to Britain. This gives an insight into changes over time and how the local area and country as a whole has evolved.
The most important sites in the area are now protected but many are listed as being in unfavourable condition. Many of these sites are still involved in ongoing research so it is important that they are preserved.
69 National Character 111: Northern Thames Basin Area profile: Supporting documents
Photo credits Front cover: Ancient woodland at Bencroft Wood in the Hertfordshire plateau. © Hertfordshire County Council Page 4, 14: © Jana Ehrhardt, Essex Wildlife Trust Page 5: © Essex Wildlife Trust Page 6, 7, 9, 11, 16, 35, 39 & 42: © Hertfordshire County Council Page 15: © Chris Huggins, Essex Wildlife Trust Page 37: © Essex Biodiversity Project, Essex Wildlife Trust
Natural England is here to secure a healthy natural environment for people to enjoy, where wildlife is protected and England’s traditional landscapes are safeguarded for future generations.
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70 Enplan ref 05-715 Fernbank Nursery, Lower Nazeing Landscape Report November 2017
APPENDIX C: Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment (Jan 2010): Farmland Plateau Landscape Character Type C sub category C7 Roydon Hamlet and C8 Bumbles Green Farmland Plateau
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C7: ROYDON HAMLET
Location and Boundaries
3.4.37 Roydon Hamlet Landscape Character Area is situated in the northwest of the District, between Roydon Farmland Plateau (C6) to the north and Bumble’s Green Farmland Plateau (C8) to the south. The area also overlooks Rye Meads (A1) and Nazeing Mead (A2) Landscape Character Areas to the west.
January 2010 100 Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment 11110601R Final Report_EC_21-01-10 Chris Blandford Associates
Key Characteristics
• Dominant visible glasshouses are scattered throughout much of this area and contribute to landscape pattern; • An undulating landscape of predominantly arable fields, which are lined with mature hedgerows, often containing veteran hedgerow trees; • Open and framed views from the western half of the area into and across the Lea Valley; • Small patches of deciduous woodland provide a sense of enclosure within views; • Settlement pattern comprises scattered, isolated farmsteads and the small hamlets of Roydon Hamlet and Bumble’s Green; • Sense of tranquillity is relatively strong throughout much of the area; however this is disturbed in proximity to road corridors.
Overall Character
3.4.38 This Landscape Character Area encompasses a patchwork of small-scale, predominantly arable fields, which overlie gently undulating topography. Field boundaries are generally delineated with mature hedgerows, often containing veteran trees. Superimposed on this landscape are several clusters of horticultural glasshouses, which are key landscape features within views across the area and also contribute to recognisable sense of place. Several minor road corridors run across the character area, connecting Harlow to the east, with Roydon to the north and Nazeing to the south. Settlement pattern comprises small-scale linear settlements such as Roydon Hamlet and Halls Green and scattered, isolated farmsteads.
Visual Character
• Glasshouses are key landscape features within views across the area; • Small pockets of woodland frame views to the north of Halls Green; • Open and framed views into and across the Lea Valley from the western edge of the Character Area (however, these are limited in places by vegetation within the valley); • Open views to the urban edges of Harlow from eastern parts of the area; • Views are hidden and revealed, moving through this undulating landscape.
Historic Land Use
3.4.39 This area contains a number of roadside settlements, and is dominated by the glasshouses of the horticultural industry. This industry has a long heritage, with its roots in medieval market gardening. The industry received a boost in the mid-19th century with the removal of tax on glass, and blossomed in this area. Whilst the majority of the glasshouses in this area are of
January 2010 101 Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment 11110601R Final Report_EC_21-01-10 Chris Blandford Associates
modern construction, older remains of this industry still survive, including older water towers and other features.
3.4.40 Lower Nazeing is a large settlement to the southwest of the area. Once known as Nazeing Bury, the manor house attached to this settlement was the home to Catherine Parr, wife of Henry VIII, for a period of time. The medieval settlements of Halls Green and Roydon Hamlet are also located within this area. Historic medieval field systems have been largely retained throughout much of the area, for example, the rare closed field systems found near Halls Green.
Ecological Features
3.4.41 There are no internationally or nationally designated sites of nature conservation value within this Landscape Character Area. There are, however, four locally designated County Wildlife Sites. Other key ecological habitats and features include networks of hedgerows and veteran trees.
Key Planning and Land Management Issues
• Potential for the erection of new farm buildings within agricultural fields, or residential dwellings at the edges of Roydon Hamlet or Halls Green, which could be conspicuous on the skyline if not designed sensitively; • Potential further decline in the condition of field boundaries through further agricultural intensification; • Potential increases in volume of traffic on narrow rural lanes and road corridors; • Potential for loss of hedgerows or veteran trees due to inappropriate management.
Sensitivities to Change
3.4.42 Sensitive key characteristics and landscape elements within this Landscape Character Area include hedgerows, veteran trees and sites of ecological interest. Historic Medieval field systems and glasshouses are sensitive historic landscape features. Framed and open views into the corridor of the River Lea to the west and open views across undulating farmland are visually sensitive to new development. This area also forms the backdrop to views eastwards from the corridor of the River Lea to the west. Any potential new development within the area is therefore likely to be visually prominent if not designed sensitively. The relatively strong sense of tranquillity throughout most of the area is also sensitive to potential new development. As a result of the above factors, overall this Landscape Character Area is considered to have moderate to high sensitivity to change.
January 2010 102 Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment 11110601R Final Report_EC_21-01-10 Chris Blandford Associates
Suggested Landscape Planning Guidelines
• Conserve and enhance the landscape setting of Roydon Hamlet and Halls Green; • Conserve the predominantly rural character of this area; • Ensure that any new development within the farmland is small-scale, responding to historic settlement pattern, landscape setting and locally distinctive building styles; • Maintain characteristic views across farmland and into the Lea Valley.
Suggested Land Management Guidelines
• Conserve and enhance the existing hedgerow pattern (and associated headlands), and strengthen through planting using local provenance species; • Conserve the pattern of historic (Medieval) field systems; • Conserve and promote the use of building materials which are in keeping with local vernacular/landscape character; • Conserve veteran trees as key landscape and ecological features; • Establish species rich field margins within arable fields as an important nature conservation habitat.
January 2010 103 Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment 11110601R Final Report_EC_21-01-10 Chris Blandford Associates
C8: BUMBLE’S GREEN
Location and Boundaries
3.4.43 Bumble’s Green Landscape Character Area is situated in the northwest of the District. To the north, it abuts Roydon Hamlet Farmland Plateau Landscape Character Area (C7), whilst to the south it is adjacent to Epping Green Farmland Plateau (C9) and Holyfield Ridges and Valleys (F1). This area also overlooks Lea Valley Marshes River Valley Floodplain (A3) Landscape Character Area to the west.
January 2010 104 Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment 11110601R Final Report_EC_21-01-10 Chris Blandford Associates
Key Characteristics
• Undulating area of predominantly arable fields, which are lined with mature hedgerows; • Mature, veteran trees are key landscape features, both within fields and hedgerows; • A series of small, pronounced hills create local variation in topography at the western edge of the area, overlooking the corridor of the Lea Valley to the west; • The landscape is crossed by a network of narrow lanes, several of which are lined with mature hedgerows and hedgerow trees, which limit views across adjacent fields; • An interconnected network of footpaths and National Trails (including the Three Forests Way and Stort Valley Way) provide access to the landscape and connect it to adjacent areas; • Sense of tranquillity is relatively strong throughout most of the area; • The relatively large settlement of Lower Nazeing at the western edge of the area contributes to settlement pattern, in addition to scattered farmsteads; and houses along road corridors; • The narrow stream corridor of Nazeing Brook crosses the landscape, a tributary of the River Lea to the west.
Overall Character
3.4.44 This Landscape Character Area encompasses a patchwork of undulating arable fields that are lined within a network of mature hedgerows. Mature single trees are a distinctive feature of hedgerows and fields which contribute to recognisable sense of place. To the west, views across the Lea valley provide orientation, whilst in other areas; views are framed by the undulating topography and network of hedgerows and trees. An interconnected network of predominantly rural lanes connects scattered farmsteads and the relatively large settlement of Lower Nazeing which contains a mixture of historic buildings and more modern housing. Sense of tranquillity is strong throughout much of the area.
Visual Character
• Open views into and across the Lea Valley to the west contribute to recognisable sense of place; • Glasshouses within Roydon Hamlet Landscape Character Area (to the north) are visible features within views northwards; • Views of farmland and treed horizons unfold, moving through the landscape.
Historic Land Use
3.4.45 Of note historically within this area are the settlements of Bumbles Green and Nazeing. Nazeing was a possession of Waltham Abbey until the Dissolution. The Church of All Saints is
January 2010 105 Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment 11110601R Final Report_EC_21-01-10 Chris Blandford Associates
a major feature of Nazeing, dating from the 12th century and is listed Grade I. The Nazeing Park estate, a feature of the modern landscape, was developed through the 18th century, with a grand house and designed landscape; this house and park is now used as a school. The historic field pattern within this area is dominated by large, regular, prairie fields, which have suffered post-1950s boundary loss. Some small remnants of the historic field system can be seen within these.
Ecological Features
3.4.46 There are no internationally or nationally designated sites of nature conservation value within this Landscape Character Area. Nazeing Triangle is designated as a Local Nature Reserve for its large population of great crested newts, dragonflies, smooth newts and grass snakes. In addition, there are three County Wildlife Sites. Other key ecological features include mature hedgerows, field trees and the stream corridor of Nazeing Brook.
Key Planning and Land Management Issues
• Potential for the erection of new farm buildings within agricultural fields; or residential dwellings at the edges of Nazeing, which could be conspicuous on the skyline if not designed sensitively; • Potential further decline in the condition of field boundaries through further agricultural intensification; • Potential increases in volume of traffic on narrow rural lanes and road corridors; • Potential loss of mature hedgerow trees or other veteran trees; • Potential for loss of hedgerows or veteran trees due to inappropriate management.
Sensitivities to Change
3.4.47 Sensitive key characteristics and landscape elements within this Landscape Character Area include hedgerows, veteran trees and sites of ecological interest such as Nazeing Triangle. Designed historic landscapes and historic field boundary features are sensitive historic features. Framed and open views into the corridor of the River Lea to the west and open views across undulating farmland are visually sensitive to new development. This area also forms the backdrop to views eastwards from the corridor of the River Lea to the west. Any potential new development within the area is therefore likely to be visually prominent if not designed sensitively. The relatively strong sense of tranquillity throughout most of the area is also sensitive to potential new development. As a result of the above factors, overall this Landscape Character Area is considered to have moderate to high sensitivity to change.
January 2010 106 Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment 11110601R Final Report_EC_21-01-10 Chris Blandford Associates
Suggested Landscape Planning Guidelines
• Conserve and enhance the landscape setting of Nazeing; • Conserve the predominantly rural character of this area; • Ensure that any new development within the farmland is small-scale, responding to historic settlement pattern, landscape setting and locally distinctive buildings styles; • Maintain characteristic views across farmland and into the Lea Valley.
Suggested Land Management Guidelines
• Conserve and enhance the existing hedgerow pattern (and adjacent headlands) and strengthen through planting using local provenance species; • Conserve designed historic landscapes; • Conserve and promote the use of building materials which are in keeping with local vernacular/landscape character; • Conserve veteran trees as key landscape and ecological features; • Conserve and protect small stream corridors, such as Nazeing brook from pollution associated with adjacent agricultural fields; • Establish species rich field margins within arable fields as an important nature conservation habitat.
January 2010 107 Epping Forest District Council Landscape Character Assessment 11110601R Final Report_EC_21-01-10 Chris Blandford Associates
APPENDIX D: Landscape Supporting Graphics
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K E Y
Site Boundary K E Y
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ROW Ref no: AL45K E Y no: AL49a no: AL49a Gloucester House, Kilometre line from centre of 12 3 3 ROW Ref12 no: AL45ROW Ref no: no:AL45 AL49a ROW12 Refno: AL39 T 01908 303701 no: AL39 the Site Location of Wider Viewpoint ROW Ref no: 6 ROW Ref no: AL43 Site4 Boundary1 ROW Ref ROWROW Ref Ref no: AL39 ROWthe Ref Site 44-11 44-1 ROW Ref 12 399 Silbury Boulevard ROW Ref no: ROW Ref no: AL183 ROW Ref no: AL183 ROW Ref no: AL183 6 ROWno: AL49 Ref Location of Widerthe ViewpointSite the Site Location of Wider Viewpoint 13 ROW Ref no: AL45 Public Right of Way 4 4 125ROW Ref no: AL4513 no: AL39 13 no:no: AL39W AL39 www.enplan.net no: AL39 KilometreROWK E Refline Y no: from AL45 centre of no: AL49a 3 4 1212 12 1 Site BoundaryROW Ref no: AL49a Milton Keynes 315-23 2 ROW Ref 2 ROW1 Ref ROW Refrevision date description13 dwn chkd Location of Wider Viewpoint 4 the Site ROW Ref no: AL45K E Y no: AL49a 545 no: AL49a MK9 2AH ROW Ref no: AL43 5 no: AL39 revision date description13revision date dwndescriptionchkd dwn chkd 5 ROW Ref no: AL43 Location of Wider Viewpoint5 12 2 ROW Ref 12 ROW Ref no: AL39 revision ROW13 Refdate description13 dwn chkd 6 6 ROW Ref no:Kilometre AL45Site Boundary line from centre of 11 12 3 1 3 ROW1 Ref12 no: AL45 no:ROW AL49a Ref no: AL39 13 ROW Ref T 01908 30370113 no: AL39 13 5 no: AL49 12 project13 scale ROW Ref no: 6 ROW Ref no: AL43 Site BoundaryROW Ref no: AL45 no: AL49ROW Ref Gloucester House, Kilometre line from centre of ROW Ref no: 5 6 the Site Location of Wider Viewpoint ROW2 Ref no: AL45 W www.enplan.net ROW Ref no: 5 ROW Ref 44-11 44-1 4 43 5 1 12 Gloucester House, Gloucesterno: AL39 House, 399 Silbury Boulevard 1:25000 @ A3 Kilometre line from centre of Kilometre line from centre of ROW Ref no: AL183 ROW Ref no: AL183 ROW Ref no: AL45 no: AL49 Gloucester House, 315-23 ROW Ref no: AL183 ROWROW Ref ROWRef no: Ref no: AL45 AL45 13ROW Ref no: AL45 the Site 13 ROW Ref no: ROW Ref no: AL45 Public Right ROWof Way RefROW no: Ref AL43 no:1 AL45 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9 revision date description dwn chkd (Location of Wider Viewpoints)Site Context checked (LocationRidgeway ofW Wider www.enplan.net House, Viewpoints)Site Context Alcester checked revision MK9 2AH SS DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdrawingGloucester numberAL100035542 House, 09.08.2017399SS SilburyGloucester Boulevard dateHouse, MK9 2AH1:250001:25000 @ @ A3 A3 09.08.2017 7 12 Saffron Walden ROW Ref no: AL45 Ridgeway House, AlcesterDO NOT SCALE FROMDO NOTRidgeway THIS SCALE DRAWINGrevision FROM THIS IHouse, COPYRIGHTDRAWINGdrawing Alcester numberAL100035542 I COPYRIGHTGloucester AL100035542T 01908 House, 303701 revision 9 6 project 13.09.2017 scale 2 (Location of399 Wider SilburyRHSite Viewpoints) Boulevard Contextdate checked drawing(Location number of399 Wider Silbury Viewpoints) Boulevarddate Trevision 01908checked 303701 ROW Ref no: 44-66 ROW Ref no: Site Context Milton Keynes RH Site Boundary ROW3 Ref no: 315-18 drawing number drawingdrawing number number revision drawing numberrevision 09.08.2017399 SilburyW Wwww.enplan.net Boulevard www.enplan.netrevision Public Right of Way T 01908 303701project revision date scaledescription dwn chkd Figure 1 MiltonFigure Keynes 1 DO NOT SCALE FROMRidgeway THISRidgeway DRAWINGMK9 2AH MiltonHouse, I House, COPYRIGHTrevision Keynes Alcester AlcesterAL100035542T 01908 303701 315-23 Gloucester(Location House, of Wider Viewpoints) checked1:25000 @ A3 ROW Ref no: AL43 title (Location09.08.2017 of WiderRH Viewpoints)drawn bycheckedtitle Milton09.08.2017 KeynesdatedateRH drawn by National W www.enplan.net 6 MK9 2AH revision date description dwn chkd 9 title drawn by project Figure 1MK9 2AH Wscale www.enplan.net 11 ROW Ref no: 44-66 2 4 399 Silbury Boulevard 1:25000 @ A3 drawing number 3 5 revision drawing number MK9 2AH ROW Ref no: 315-1810 5 RH Figure 1 title revisionSS T 01908RHdateFigure 303701descriptionrevision 1drawn by dwn09.08.201709.08.2017chkd revisionSS date description dwn chkd 1km Cycle Route 1 9 Milton Keynes Land at Shire Hill Farm, 1 Figure 1 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 3km 2km ROW Ref no: 44-66 Gloucester House, SS date title drawing numberT Site01908DO NOT 303701Context SCALE FROMdrawn THIS by DRAWINGrevisiontitle I COPYRIGHTdrawing numberAL10003554201908 303701 drawn1:25000 by @revision A3 11 LandMK9 at 2AH Shire Hill Farm, Figure 1 FigureFigure 1 1 FigureW www.enplan.netT Site 1 revision ContextSS T date01908 project303701descriptionproject dwn chkd scalescale 7 10 Site ContextSaffron 399 Silbury Walden Boulevarddate W www.enplan.net SS DO NOT SCALE FROMW www.enplan.net THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTGloucester AL100035542 House, Location of Wider Viewpoint project drawingrevision numberdate scaledescription revisiondwn 13.09.2017chkd (Locationdrawing of numberWiderSite Viewpoints) ContextRidgewayGloucestertitle titlechecked House,revision(Location Alcester ofW Wider SSwww.enplan.net Viewpoints)drawndrawn by by checked ROW Ref no: 44-66 11 Saffron(Location Walden of WiderMilton Viewpoints) Keynes ROW Ref no: AL45 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGproject I 399 COPYRIGHT SilburyGloucester Boulevard AL100035542 House, scale1:250001:25000 @ @ A3 A3 01908 303701 13.09.2017checked Figure Site1 Context DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdate AL100035542 National T Figure 1 10 MK9 2AH 2 (LocationSite of ContextWider399 SilburyRH Viewpoints) Boulevard checked SS Milton Keynes399 Silbury Boulevard ROW Ref no: 44-66 1:25000 @ A3 SS RH 3 W www.enplan.net DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGDODO NOT NOT SCALE I SCALE COPYRIGHT FROM FROM THIS THIS AL100035542 DRAWING DRAWING DO I NOT I COPYRIGHT SCALECOPYRIGHT FROMGloucester AL100035542 AL100035542 THIS DRAWING House, I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 1:25000 @ A3 title RH drawnrevision by date description dwn chkd (Location Figureof Wider Viewpoints) 1 checked (LocationMilton Figureof Keynes Widerproject Viewpoints) 1 checked09.08.2017RidgewayRidgewayMK9 scale2AH MiltonHouse, House, Keynes Alcester Alcester 1km Cycle Route 1 11 ROW Ref no: AL43 SiteSite Context Context 399 Silbury Boulevard date 3km 2km title Gloucester House, drawn by 6 project MK9 scale2AH RH date 9 Land at Shire Hill Farm,T 01908 303701 revision date description dwn chkd FigureRH 1 project projectRidgeway House,MK9 scale2AH Alcesterscale 11 2 Figure399 Silbury Boulevard 1 date * SS DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdrawing numberAL1000355423DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS(Location DRAWING(Locationrevision Iof of COPYRIGHTWider WiderdrawingMilton Viewpoints) Viewpoints) numberAL100035542 Keynes RH checkedchecked1:25000 @revision A3 drawing number W www.enplan.net ROW Ref no: AL183 T 01908 303701 date09.08.201709.08.2017 Site Context SS revision DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542title 1:25000 @ A3 MK9 2AH drawn by 1:25000 @ A3 Kilometre line from centre of Saffron Walden Milton Keynes Gloucester House, drawing number T 01908DO NOT 303701 SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTRH AL100035542T 01908 303701 1:25000 @ A3 9 project revision13.09.2017date scaledescription dwn chkd Ridgeway House,revision AlcesterRHW www.enplan.net 09.08.2017 10 Site ContextMK9 2AH drawing number www.enplan.net SS ROW Ref no: (Location of Wider Viewpoints) Gloucester399checked Silbury House, Boulevard RidgewayDO NOT SCALEHouse,revision FROM THISAlcester DRAWINGdrawing Wnumber I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 revision dateW www.enplan.net National the Site DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTrevision AL100035542date description dwn chkd RidgewayT 01908 303701 RidgewayHouse,titletitle Alcester House, Alcester drawndrawn by by 11 ROW Ref no: 44-66 (Location of Wider Viewpoints) checked1:25000 @ A3 Milton Keynes Site Contextdate date 200_14 title drawn by 399 SilburyRH Boulevard Figure 1 drawingdrawing number number FigureW www.enplan.net 1 revision 09.08.2017 date 1km Cycle Route 1 T 01908 303701project MK9 scale2AH title revision drawnSSSS by 3km 2km Figure 1 Gloucester House,RH * Milton Keynes (Location09.08.2017 of Wider Viewpoints) checked 09.08.2017 Land atW www.enplan.netShire Hill Farm, Figure 1 Site Contextproject 09.08.2017 scale ROW Ref no: 44-66 11 399SS Silbury Boulevarddate MK9 2AH 1:25000 @ A3 Site Context SS ROW Ref no: 315-18 drawing number Gloucester House,01908 303701 Figure 1 Figureproject 1 RH scale project scale Site Context Trevision DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542title (Location ofdrawn Wider by Viewpoints) Public Right of Way Saffron Walden Milton Keynes 399 Silbury Boulevard drawn by DO NOT SCALE FROMSite THIS DRAWING(Location Context I of COPYRIGHT Wider Viewpoints) AL100035542 checkedchecked1:25000 @ A3 ROW Ref no: drawingDO number NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTrevision13.09.2017 AL100035542 W www.enplan.net ROW Ref no: AL183 title title 1:25000 @ A3 drawn by 1011 11 (Location of Wider Viewpoints)LandMK9 at 2AH Shire Hill Farm,MiltonT 01908Keynes 303701 FigureFigure 1 1 project title revisionSS date scaledescription drawn by dwn chkd1:25000 @ A3 checked date DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542(Location of Wider Viewpoints) checkedRHRH 200_14 10 W www.enplan.netrevision date description dwn chkd drawing numberSS revision RidgewaySS House, Alcester project Saffron Walden MK9 scale2AH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542DO NOT SCALE FROMSite THIS DRAWING Context I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 1:25000 @ A3SS date title 01908RH 303701 drawn by 13.09.2017 Site Context Ridgeway House, Alcester Ridgeway House,RH Alcester FigureT 1 * (LocationSite of ContextWider Viewpoints)Site Contextdate date 1:25000 @ A3 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdrawingGloucester numberAL100035542checked House, Figure 1 W www.enplan.net*revisionSS T date01908 303701descriptionproject dwn chkd scale (Location of Wider Viewpoints) DOchecked NOT SCALE FROM(LocationRidgeway THIS DRAWING of Wider IHouse, COPYRIGHTViewpoints)drawing Alcester numberAL100035542 revisionrevision09.08.2017 Gloucester House, (Location09.08.2017 of399 Wider Silbury Viewpoints) Boulevardcheckeddate checked 09.08.2017 drawing number Site Context title revision W www.enplan.netdrawn by drawing number RH Land at Shire Hill Farm, project 399 Silbury Boulevard scale 1:25000 @ A3 FigureRH 1 Milton Keynes RH revision ROW Ref no: ROW Ref no: 315-18 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdate AL100035542 title 09.08.2017 RH drawn by 11 (Location of Wider Viewpoints) checked SSMilton Keynes MK9 2AH 200_14 DO NOT SCALE FROMSaffron THIS DRAWING Walden I COPYRIGHTGloucester AL100035542 House, 1:25000 @ A3 title drawn by title drawn by revision date description dwn chkd 9 project 13.09.2017LandMK9 at scale2AH Shire Hill Farm, drawing number FigureFigure revision1 1 revisionSS date description dwn chkd Site Context399 SilburyRH Boulevard date drawing number revision drawing number 10 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGtitle I COPYRIGHTdrawing numberAL100035542SS 01908 303701revisiondrawn by revision SS Figure 1 (Location* of WiderMilton Viewpoints) KeynesprojectLandSaffron atchecked Shire1:25000 Walden Hill @ A3Farm, scale FigureT Site 1 Context drawn by T 01908 303701 date 13.09.2017 Site Context W www.enplan.netSite Context title MK9 2AH 1:25000 @ A3 (Location of WiderSS Viewpoints) checked 7 Gloucester House, drawing number SaffronRH WWalden www.enplan.net DODO NOT NOT SCALE SCALE FROM FROM THIS THIS DRAWING DRAWING I I COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHTGloucester AL100035542 AL100035542 House, Land at Shirerevision Hill Farm, 13.09.2017 (LocationFigure of Wider Site 1Viewpoints) Context checked (Location of Wider Viewpoints) checked ROW Ref no: 44-66 SS 399 Silbury Boulevard DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 date 399 SilburyRH Boulevard revision date description dwn chkd T 01908 303701 title drawn by Figure 1 Figure 1 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Milton Keynes Site Context Land at Shire Hill Farm, (Location Figureof WiderRH Viewpoints) 1 checked Milton Keynes Saffron Waldenwww.enplan.net date RH drawing number W title revision13.09.2017 drawn by MK9 2AH 11 (Location of Wider Viewpoints) Saffronchecked Walden SS project MK9 scale2AH 9 Figure 1 * Siteproject Context 13.09.2017 scale DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdrawing numberAL100035542RH revision Gloucester House, SS DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdrawing numberAL100035542DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGrevision I COPYRIGHTdrawing numberAL100035542 1:25000 @ A3 T 01908 303701 title RH drawn by DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542T 01908 303701revision 399 Silbury Boulevard Site(Location Context of Wider Viewpoints) checked1:25000 @ A3 W www.enplan.net drawing number www.enplan.net Figure 1 project title *revisionSS date scaledescription drawn by dwn chkd Ridgeway House,revision AlcesterW Milton Keynes DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542(Location of Wider Viewpoints) checkedRH date National MK9 2AH revision date description dwn chkd drawing number Site Context revision Land at Shire Hill Farm, Figure 1 ROW Ref no: 44-66 1:25000 @ A3SS date RH Figure 1 Figure 1 09.08.2017 1km Cycle Route 1 (Location of Wider Viewpoints)Site Context 3km 2km GloucesterSaffronchecked House, Walden 13.09.2017 T 01908 303701project scale 11 DO NOT SCALE FROMLand THIS DRAWING at (LocationShire I COPYRIGHT drawingHill of WiderFarm, numberAL100035542 Viewpoints) revision Figure 1 project scale Gloucester House, 399 SilburyRH Boulevarddate checked DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 W www.enplan.net drawing number drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard 1:25000 @ A3 Figure 1 Saffron Walden* Milton Keynes revision DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542title 1:25000 @ A3 title 13.09.2017 RH drawn by DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 10 Milton Keynes MK9 2AH SS DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 FernbankMK9 2AH Nursery, drawing number Figurerevision 1 *revisionSS date description dwn chkd Ridgeway House, Alcester date Site Context date project scale DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGtitle I COPYRIGHTdrawing numberAL100035542T 01908 303701 drawn by revision Lower Nazeing FigureSite 1 Context * (Location of Wider Viewpoints) checked 7 T 01908 303701 20.10.2017 W www.enplan.net 09.08.2017 1:25000 @ A3 (Location of WiderSS Viewpoints) checked W www.enplan.net Figure Site1 Context DO NOT SCALE* FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTGloucester AL100035542 House, RH ROW Ref no: 399 SilburyRH Boulevard 11 Fernbanktitle Nursery, drawn by (Location Figureof WiderDO NOT SCALEViewpoints) 1 FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT* AL100035542 title drawn by 200_14 date checked Milton Keynes Lower Nazeing SS project MK9 scale2AH drawing number revision SS project 20.10.2017 scale DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdrawing numberAL100035542RH revision Site Context 1:25000 @ A3 Site Context DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542T 01908 303701 (Location of Wider Viewpoints) checked1:25000 @ A3 (Location of Wider Viewpoints) checked title drawn by drawing number Land at Shirerevision Hill Farm, W www.enplan.net National Figure 1 RH date RH Fernbank Nursery,SS Figure 1 * 1km Cycle Route 1 date Saffron Walden 3km 2km Site ContextLower Nazeing 13.09.2017 drawing number revision20.10.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdrawing numberAL100035542 revision (Location of Wider Viewpoints) checked Figure 1 * project scale DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdrawn AL100035542 by title 1:25000 @ A3 10 title RH drawn by SS DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Figure 1 revisionSS date description dwn chkd Land at Shire Hill Farm, Site Context date Figure 1 drawing number Site Context revision (Location of Wider Viewpoints) Saffronchecked Walden 13.09.2017 (Location of Wider Viewpoints) checked ROW Ref no: DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTGloucester AL100035542 House, RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 11 399 SilburyRH Boulevard drawn by 200_14 Figure 1 Milton Keynes title MK9 2AH drawing number revision SS drawing number revision Site Context DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542T 01908 303701 (Location of Wider Viewpoints) checked W www.enplan.net Figure 1 * Figure 1 RH
project scale DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdrawing numberAL100035542 revision DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 1:25000 @ A3 revision date description dwn chkd Fernbank Nursery, date Figure 1 * Lower Nazeing Gloucester House, 20.10.2017 399 Silbury Boulevard DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Milton Keynes title drawn by MK9 2AH SS T 01908 303701 Site Context W www.enplan.net (Location of Wider Viewpoints) checked RH
project scale drawing number revision 1:25000 @ A3 Fernbank Nursery, date Figure 1 Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017
DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 title drawn by SS Site Context (Location of Wider Viewpoints) checked RH
drawing number revision
Figure 1
DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 K E Y 20m AOD
25m AOD
30m AOD
35m AOD
40m AOD
45m AOD
50m AOD
55m AOD
60m AOD
65m AOD
70m AOD
75m AOD
80m AOD
85m AOD
90m AOD
95m AOD
100m AOD
105m AOD
Areas of significant woodland
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House, 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes MK9 2AH
T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net
project scale 1:25000 @A3 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 title drawn by SS Topography checked RH drawing number revision
Figure 2
DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 K E Y Site Boundary National Cycle Trail
Green Belt
Listed Buildings Historic Monument Conservation Area
Registered Parks and Gardens Country Park (River Lee Country Park) Registered Common Land
Countryside and Rights of Way Act, Section 15 Land Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 - Access Layer Ramsar Sites
Site of Special Scientific
Special Areas of Conservation
Priority Habitat - Coastal and Floodplain Graizing Marsh Priority Habitat - Good Quality semi-improved Grassland Floodplain Grazing Marsh
Priority Habitat - Lowland Fens Priority Habitat - Reedbeds
Priority Habitat - Historic Woodland Priority Habitat - Deciduious Woodland Priority Habitat - Traditional Orchards
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House, 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes MK9 2AH
T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net
project scale 1:25000 @ A3 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 title drawn by SS Designation Plan checked RH drawing number revision
Figure 3 A
DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 K E Y
Site Boundary
Extent of ZTV K E Y K E Y
Site Boundary SiteLocation Boundary of reference markers
Extent of ZTV ExtentRadius of lines ZTV from site centre K E Y in km
SiteLocation Boundary of reference markers Location of reference markers
ExtentRadius of lines ZTV from site centre Notes: Radiusin km lines from site centre in km Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV)
The reference markerLocation could of possibly reference be markers seen from within the area shaded red. The reference marker is at the highest point of K E Y the proposed building 4.62m above proposed ground level. Notes: Radius lines from site centre Site Boundary Notes: in km K E AY ZTV map illustrates the potential (or K E Y Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) Zonetheoretical) of Theoretical visibility Visibilityof an object (ZTV) in the landscape. The phrase “potential visibility” The referenceSite Boundary marker could possibly be is used to describe the result because the Extent of ZTV Site Boundary Theseen reference from within marker the could area possibly shaded bered. The seenanalysis from does within not the take area into shaded account red. any The reference marker is at the highest point of K E Y referencelandscapethe proposed marker features building is atsuch the 4.62mas highest trees, above pointwoodland proposed of theor buildings,ground proposed level. etc.building The analysis4.62m above is made proposed on the basis of topographyExtent of ZTValone using 10m O.S K E Y ground level. Location of reference markers Extent of ZTV Notes: Site Boundary K contours.E AY ZTV map illustrates the potential (or A ZTV map illustrates the potential (or K E Y K E Y Zonetheoretical) of Theoretical visibility Visibilityof an object (ZTV) in the Site Boundary theoretical)landscape. visibility The phrase of an object “potential in the visibility” Site Boundary landscape.Theis used reference to LocationThe describe phrase marker of thereference “potential could result possibly because markersvisibility” be the is used to describe the result because the ExtentRadius of lines ZTV from site centre Location of reference markers Site Boundary seenanalysis from does within not the take area into shaded account red. any The Site Boundary in km analysisreferencelandscape does marker featuresnot take is atsuchinto the account as highest trees, any pointwoodland of Extent of ZTV landscapetheor buildings, proposed features etc.building suchThe analysis4.62mas trees, above is woodland made proposed on the or buildings,groundbasis of level. topography etc.Extent The of analysis ZTValone using is made 10m on O.S the basis of topographyRadius lines alone from using site 10m centre O.S K E Y contours. Location of reference markers ExtentRadius of lines ZTV from site centre Extent of ZTV in km contours.A ZTV map illustrates the potential (or in km K E Y theoretical) visibility of an object in the SiteLocation Boundary of reference markers revisionlandscape.date LocationThedescription phrase of reference “potential markersvisibility”dwn chkd is used to describe the result because the Site Boundary Radius lines from site centre Location of reference markers Location of reference markersGloucesteranalysis House, does not take into account any Notes: in km 399landscape Silbury Boulevard features such as trees, woodland Milton Keynes Radius lines from site centre or buildings, etc. The analysis is made on the Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) Extent of ZTV MK9 2AH in km basis of topographyRadius lines alone from using site 10m centre O.S Extent of ZTV Notes:T 01908contours. 303701 in km The reference marker could possibly be Notes: Radius lines from site centre Radius lines from site centreW www.enplan.net seen from within the area shaded red. The in km in km Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) reference marker is at the highest point of revision date description dwn chkd Location of reference markers Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) revision date description dwn chkd the proposed building 4.62m above proposed The referenceproject marker could possibly be scale ground level. Location of reference markers The reference marker could possibly be seen fromGloucester within House, the area shaded red. TheNTS Notes: Gloucester399 Silbury House, Boulevard K E Y seen from within the area shaded red. The reference399Land MiltonSilbury marker at Keynes Boulevard Shire is at Hillthe highestFarm, point of A ZTV map illustrates the potential (or date reference marker is at the highest point of the proposedMiltonSaffronMK9 Keynes 2AH buildingWalden 4.62m above proposed Zonetheoretical) of Theoretical visibility Visibility of anNotes: object (ZTV) in theRadius lines from site centre the proposed building 8.25m above proposed groundMK9 level.2AH 13.09.2017 landscape. The phrase “potential visibility”in km Notes:T 01908 303701 Site Boundary ground level. T 01908www.enplan.net 303701 Theis used reference to describe marker the could Zoneresult possibly ofbecause Theoretical be the Visibility (ZTV) Radius lines from site centretitleW drawn by A ZTVW www.enplan.net map illustrates the potential (or K ENotes: Y Notes: in km Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) seenanalysis from does within not the take area into shaded account red. any The A ZTV map illustrates the potential (or theoretical) visibility of an object in the SS referencelandscape marker features is atsuch theThe as highest referencetrees, pointwoodland marker of could possibly be theoretical) visibility of an object in the Zonerevision of Theoreticaldate description dwn chkd K E Y Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) landscape.The referenceproject The phrase marker “potential could possibly visibility” be scale theor buildings, proposed etc.building The analysis4.62mseen fromabove is made within proposed on the the area shaded red. The landscape. The phrase “potential visibility” is usedprojectVisibility to describe (ZTV) the result because thescalechecked Extent of ZTV Site Boundary seen from within the area shaded red. TheNTS groundbasis of level. topography alonereference using 10m marker O.S is at the highest point of Theis used reference to describe marker the could result possibly because be the The reference marker could possibly analysisbe Gloucester does not House, take into account any NTSRH contours. the proposed building 4.62m above proposed reference399Land Silbury marker at Boulevard Shire is at Hillthe highestFarm, point of analysis does not take into account any landscape features such as trees, woodlanddate Site Boundary seen from within the area shaded red. The seen from within the area shaded red. ThetheLand proposedMilton at Keynes Shire building Hill 4.62m Farm, above proposed A ZTV map illustrates theground potential level. (or landscape features such as trees, woodland drawingSaffron number WaldenK E Y daterevision reference marker is at the highest point of reference marker is at the highest pointor buildings,groundofSaffron MK9 level.2AH etc. Walden The analysis is made on the13.09.2017 theoretical) visibility of anNotes: object in the theor buildings, proposed etc.building The analysis8.25m above is made proposed on the the proposed building 4.62m above proposedbasis of topography alone using 10m O.S13.09.2017 landscape. The phraseK E A“potentialY ZTV map visibility” illustrates the potential (or T 01908 303701 Location of reference markers basis of topographyExtent of ZTValone using 10m O.S contours.title drawn by ground level. ground level. www.enplan.net is used to describe the Zoneresulttheoretical) ofbecause Theoretical visibility the Visibilityof an object (ZTV) in the Notes: A titleFigureZTVW map illustrates4 the potentialSite (ordrawn Boundary by contours. 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LocationThe phrase of reference “potential markersvisibility” The reference marker could possibly analysisbe does not take into account any NTS basis of topography alonereferencelandscape using 10m marker features O.S is atsuch the as highest trees, pointwoodland of is used to describe the result because the is used to describe the result because the ExtentRH of ZTV in km or buildings, etc. The analysis is made on the Site Boundary seen from within the area shaded red.landscape The features such as trees, woodland contours. the proposed building 4.62m above proposed Location of reference markers Landdrawing numberat Shire Hill Farm, revision Extent of ZTV analysis does not take into account any analysisreference does marker not take is atinto the account highest any point or buildings,of etc. The analysis is made ondate the groundbasis of level. topography alone using 10m O.S landscape features such as trees, woodland landscape features such as trees, woodlanddrawingSaffron number Walden revision contours. the proposed building 4.62m above proposedbasis of topography alone using 10m O.S13.09.2017 revision date description dwn chkd or buildings, etc. The analysis is made on the or buildings, etc. The analysis is made on the ground level. contours.Figure 4 A ZTV map illustrates the potential (or basis of topographyRadius lines alone from using site 10m centre O.S basis of topography alone using 10m O.S title drawnK Eby Y theoretical) visibility of an object in the Figure 4 Location of reference markersGloucester House, Extent of ZTV contours. in km contours. Radius lines from site centre A ZTV map illustrates the potential (or SS 399 Silbury Boulevard landscape. LocationThe phrase of reference “potential markersvisibility” DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 revision Zonedate of descriptionTheoretical dwn chkd Milton Keynes is used to describe the result because the in km theoretical) visibility of an object in the DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 SiteMK9 Boundary 2AH revision date description dwn chkd landscape. The phrase “potential visibility”Visibility (ZTV) checked analysis does not take into account any RH is used to describe the result becauseGloucester the House, Notes:T 01908 303701 landscape features such as trees, woodland Radius lines from site centreW www.enplan.net Location of reference markersGloucester House, analysis does not take into account399 any Silbury Boulevard or buildings, etc. The analysis is made on the Milton Keynesdrawing number in km Radius lines from site centre 399 Silbury Boulevard landscape features such as trees, woodland revision Zone of Theoretical Visibilitybasis (ZTV) of topography alone using 10m O.S Milton Keynes MK9 2AH Extent of ZTV in km or buildings, etc. The analysis is made on the revision date descriptioncontours. dwn chkd MK9 2AH project scale basis of topography alone using 10mT 01908 O.S 303701 The reference marker could possibly be Notes:T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.netFigure 4 seen from within the area shaded red. TheNTS contours. Gloucester House, revision date description dwn chkd Radius lines from site centreW www.enplan.net reference399Land Silbury marker at Boulevard Shire is at Hillthe highestFarm, point of revision date description dwn chkd date Notes: in km Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 the proposedMilton Keynes building 4.62m above proposed Location of reference markersGloucester House, project scale MK9Saffron 2AH Walden 13.09.2017 revision date description dwn chkd revision date description dwn chkd ground level. 399 Silbury Boulevard Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) project scale Gloucester House, NTS Milton Keynes The reference marker could possibly be T 01908 303701 NTS 399 Silbury Boulevard title MK9 2AH drawn by seen from within the area shaded red. The LandMilton at Keynes Shire Hill Notes:Farm, A ZTVW www.enplan.net map illustrates the potential (or The reference marker could possibly be Gloucester House, Gloucester House, date SS reference399Fernbank Silbury marker Boulevard Nursery,is at the highest point of 399 Silbury Boulevard MK9 2AH theoretical) visibility of anNotes: objectT 01908 in 303701the seen from within the area shaded red. The date Saffron Walden Zone of Theoretical the proposedMilton Keynes building 8.25m above proposed Milton Keynes Zone of Theoretical13.09.2017 Visibility (ZTV) landscape.Radius lines The from phrase site “potentialcentreW www.enplan.net visibility” Lower Nazeing 01908 303701 reference marker is at the highest point of MK9 2AH 20.10.2017 MK9 2AH T projectVisibility (ZTV) scalechecked ground level. W www.enplan.net isin used km to describe the Zoneresult ofbecause Theoretical the Visibility (ZTV) the proposed building 8.25m above proposed title drawn by RH T 01908 303701 T 01908 303701 The reference marker could possibly analysisbe does not take into account any NTS ground level. title drawn by SS revision date description dwn chkd Notes: A ZTVW www.enplan.net map illustrates the potential (or W www.enplan.net seen from within the area shaded red.landscape The features suchThe as referenceprojecttrees, woodland marker could possibly be scale SS Zone of Theoretical Landdrawing numberat Shire Hill Farm, revision theoretical) visibility of an object in the project reference markerscale is at the highest pointor buildings,of etc. The analysisseen from is made within on datethe the area shaded red. TheNTS Zone of Theoretical revision date description dwn chkd checked Saffron Walden Gloucester House, A ZTV map illustrates the potential (or landscape. The phrase “potential visibility” Visibility (ZTV) 13.09.2017 Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) the proposed buildingNTS 4.62m above proposedbasis of topography alonereference using399Land Silbury 10m marker at Boulevard O.SShire is at Hillthe highestFarm, point of theoretical) visibility of an object in the checked project scale RH date is usedprojectVisibility to describe (ZTV) the result because thescale ground level. contours. the proposedMilton Keynes building 4.62m above proposed landscape. The phrase “potential visibility” RH Land at Shire Hill Farm, Figure 4 Saffron Waldendrawn by The reference marker could possibly analysisbe does not take into account any NTS Gloucester House, NTS date title groundMK9 level.2AH 13.09.2017 drawing number is used to describe the result because the landscape features such as trees, woodland 399 Silbury Boulevard Saffron Walden revision SS seen from within the area shaded red. TheFernbank Nursery, LandMilton at Keynes Shire Hill Farm, A ZTV map illustrates13.09.2017 the potential (or T 01908 303701 analysis does not take into account any drawing number daterevision date ZoneDO NOT SCALE of Theoretical FROM THIS DRAWINGtitle I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 drawn by reference marker is at the highest pointor buildings,of etc. The analysis is made on the MK9 2AH theoretical) visibility of anNotes: object in the A ZTVW www.enplan.net map illustrates the potential (or landscape features such as trees, woodland Lower Nazeing Saffron Walden checked the proposed building 8.25m above proposedbasis of topography alone using 10m O.S20.10.2017 13.09.2017Figuretitle 4 landscape. The phrasedrawn by “potential visibility”Visibility (ZTV) theoretical) visibility of an object in the SS or buildings, etc. The analysis is made on the contours. T 01908 303701 Zone of TheoreticalRH ground level. www.enplan.net is used to describeSS the Zoneresult ofbecause Theoretical the Visibility (ZTV) landscape. The phrase “potential visibility” basis of topography alone using 10m O.S titleFigure 4 drawn by titleW drawn by checked Zone of Theoreticalanalysis does not take into account any is usedprojectVisibility to describe (ZTV) the result because thescale contours. DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 drawing number A ZTV map illustrates the potential (or SS SS Visibility (ZTV) landscape featureschecked suchThe as referencetrees, woodland marker could possibly analysisbe does notrevision take into account any NTSRH ZoneDO NOT SCALE of Theoretical FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Zone of Theoretical theoretical) visibility of an object in the project scale or buildings, etc. RHThe analysisseen from is made within on the the area shaded red.landscape TheLand featuresat Shire such Hill as Farm, trees, woodland Visibility (ZTV) checked Visibility (ZTV) checked drawing number daterevision landscape. The phrase “potential visibility” NTS basis of topography alonereference using 10m marker O.S isFigure at the highest 4 pointor buildings,ofSaffron etc. Walden The analysis is made on the is used to describe the result because the RH RH drawing number revision 13.09.2017 Land at Shire Hill Farm, contours. the proposed building 4.62m above proposedbasis of topography alone using 10m O.S analysis does not take into account any date ground level. revision date descriptioncontours. dwn chkd drawing number revision drawing number revision DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGtitleFigure I COPYRIGHT 4 AL100035542 drawn by landscape features such as trees, woodland Saffron Walden 13.09.2017 or buildings, etc. The analysis is made on the Figure 4 A ZTV map illustrates the potential (or SS Gloucester House, ZoneDO NOT SCALE of Theoretical FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 basis of topography alone using 10m O.S title drawn by theoretical) visibility399 Silbury of Boulevardan object in the Figure 4 Figure 4 checked contours. SSDO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542landscape. TheMilton phrase Keynes “potential visibility”Visibility (ZTV) MK9 2AH RH revision date description dwn chkd Zone of Theoretical is used to describe the result because the DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Visibility (ZTV) checked analysis does Tnot 01908 take 303701 into account any drawing number revision date description dwn chkd RH W www.enplan.net revision Gloucester House, landscape features such as trees, woodland 399 Silbury Boulevard or buildings, etc. The analysis is made on the Gloucester House, Milton Keynes drawing number revision basis of topography alone using 10m O.SFigure 4 399 Silbury Boulevard MK9 2AH project scale revision date descriptioncontours. dwn chkd Milton Keynes NTS MK9 2AH T 01908 303701 revision date description dwn chkd W www.enplan.net Figure 4 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Gloucester House, Land at Shire Hill Farm, T 01908 303701 date 399 Silbury Boulevard Gloucester House, W www.enplan.net Saffron Walden 13.09.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Milton Keynes 399 Silbury Boulevard project scale MK9 2AH revision date description dwn chkd Milton Keynes NTS title MK9 2AH drawn by project scale T 01908 303701 SS Fernbank Nursery, W www.enplan.net T 01908 303701 1:25000 @ A3 Gloucester House, date Zone of Theoretical 399 Silbury Boulevard W www.enplan.net Lower Nazeing checked Fernbank Nursery, Milton Keynes 20.10.2017 Visibility (ZTV) date Lower Nazeing MK9 2AH project scale RH 02.11.2017 title drawn by project scale T 01908 303701 NTS revision datedrawingdescription number dwn chkd W www.enplan.net SS revision NTS title drawn by Land at Shire Hill Farm, Zone of Theoretical date SS checked Gloucester House, Land at Shire Hill Farm, Visibility (ZTV) Saffron Walden 13.09.2017 date Zone of Theoretical 399 Silbury BoulevardFigure 4 project scale RH Saffron Walden 13.09.2017 checked Milton Keynes Visibility (ZTV) NTS title MK9 2AH drawn by RH drawing number revision SSDO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGtitle I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 drawn by Fernbank Nursery, T 01908 303701 date Zone of Theoretical SS drawing number revision W www.enplan.net Lower Nazeing checked Zone of Theoretical 20.10.2017Figure 4 Visibility (ZTV) RH Visibility (ZTV) checked Figure 4 title drawn by project scale RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 drawing number SS revision NTS Zone of Theoretical drawing number revision DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Land at Shire Hill Farm, Visibility (ZTV) checked date RH Figure 4 Saffron Walden 13.09.2017Figure 4 drawing number revision DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGtitle I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 drawn by SSDO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Zone of Theoretical Figure 4 Visibility (ZTV) checked RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 drawing number revision
Figure 4
DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 K E Y
Site Boundary
K E Y Location of Wider Viewpoint
Site Boundary Kilometre line from centre of the Site Location of Wider Viewpoint Ridgeway Farm Kilometre line from centre of F the Site Weethley 7 A E K E Y Farm Ridgeway WeethleyFarm Site Boundary Farm Cottage D K E Y
F Site Boundary K E Y Weethley 7 A E C K E Y Location of Wider Viewpoint Farm B K E Y Site Boundary Weethley Site Boundary
B4088 D Evesham Road Site Boundary Farm Cottage K E Y Location of Wider Viewpoint Kilometre line from centre of K E Y K E Y the Site Location of Wider Viewpoint Site Boundary K E Y Location of Wider Viewpoint C Location of Wider Viewpoint B Ridgeway Site Boundary KilometreK E Y line from centre of Site Boundary Farm the Site Site Boundary
B4088 Evesham Road Site Boundary Kilometre line from centre of Location of Wider Viewpoint Kilometre line from centre of the Site Ridgeway K E Y F Location of Wider Viewpoint K E Y Location of WiderKilometre Viewpoint line from centrethe ofSite Farm Weethley 7 A E Location of Wider Viewpoint the Site Ridgeway Farm Location of Wider Viewpoint Ridgeway Site Boundary Kilometre line from centre of Site Boundary FarmRidgeway K E Y F WeethleyFarm Kilometre line from centrethe Site of Kilometre line from centre of Weethley E Farm D 7 A Farm Cottage the Site Site Boundary Kilometre line fromthe centre Site of K E Y Farm F the Site Ridgeway Weethley E F Location of Wider Viewpoint Location of WiderKilometre Viewpoint line from centre of Weethley Weethley7 A F E the Site Site Boundary K E Y Ridgeway Farm FarmWeethley D Ridgeway 7 A C Farm Cottage Ridgeway Farm7 A E B Farm Farm Farm Location of Wider Viewpoint WeethleyFarmRidgeway Site Boundary F WeethleyD Kilometre line from centre of Kilometre line from centre of B4088 Weethley Farm CottageWeethley D Evesham Road E CFarm F Farm Cottage the Site the Site K E Y Location of Wider Viewpoint F 7 A WeethleyB Farm Cottage D Weethley Farm 7 A E F7 A E K KE YE Y Farm Weethley Farm E Kilometre line from centre of Location of Wider Viewpoint Ridgeway Weethley 7 RidgewayA F B C K E Y Site Boundary K E Y B4088 the Site FarmWeethley D Evesham Road E B C Site Boundary K E Y WeethleyFarm Farm Cottage 7WeethleyFarm A B C Site Boundary Kilometre line from centre of Farm Cottage D Farm Weethley Farm Cottage D Site Boundary K E Y the Site Site Boundary B4088 Ridgeway D Evesham Road Site Boundary B4088 Farm CottageWeethley Evesham Road Location of Wider Viewpoint Kilometre line from centre of
B4088 C F Evesham Road F WeethleyB FarmFarm Cottage D Site BoundaryLocation Kof EWider Y Viewpoint the Site Weethley 7 A E C 7 A EB C Ridgeway K KE YE Y Location of Wider Viewpoint Farm B Farm Farm Location of Wider ViewpointK E Y Location of Wider Viewpoint B C revision date description dwn chkd Location of Wider Viewpoint B4088 Site Boundary Evesham Road F Ridgeway Site Boundary K E Y Weethley Weethley Weethley E C Site Boundary Kilometre line from centre of B B4088 B4088 Evesham Road D Evesham Road 7 A D Farm Site Boundary Location of WiderKilometre Viewpoint line from centre ofK E Y Farm Cottage Farm Farm Cottage Gloucester House,F K E Y Kilometre line from centrethe Site of B4088 Evesham Road Weethley 399 Silbury Boulevard E the Site Site Boundary 7 MiltonA Keynes Kilometre lineK E from Y centre of the Site Site Boundary Kilometre line from centre of Weethley B4088 Evesham Road Kilometre line from centre of Farm MK9 2AH the Site F Site BoundaryLocation Kof EWider Y Viewpoint Location of Wider Viewpoint the Site D Ridgeway Location of Wider Viewpoint the Site B C Farm Cottage K E BY C Ridgeway Weethley K EE Y Location of Wider Viewpoint Ridgeway WeethleyFarm T 01908 303701 7 K EA Y Site Boundary Kilometre line from centre of revision date description Farm dwn Dchkd Location of Wider Viewpoint Ridgeway Public Right of WayFarm Farm Cottage W www.enplan.net Ridgeway the Site Site Boundary Saffron Walden Site Boundary Ref no: AL45 Farm Ridgeway Site Boundary K E Y Location of Wider Viewpoint B4088 Weethley B4088 Evesham Road Public Right of Way Evesham Road C Farm Site Boundary Location of WiderKilometre Viewpoint line from centre of Kilometre line from centre of FarmB Gloucester House,F D KilometreK E Y line from centre of 399 Silbury Boulevard Farm Farm Cottage the Site Community Hospital WeethleyRidgeway F projectE scale Location of WiderKilometre Viewpoint line from centrethe Site of Site Boundary Weethley F 7 MiltonAE Keynes B KC E Y the Site Ref no: AL43 Weethley Farm 1:25000 @ A3 the Site Location of WiderKilometre Viewpoint line from centre of B4088 7 A MK9 2AH Evesham Road Location of Site Views Farm E F Site Boundary F Farm 7 A Weethley Location of Wider Viewpoint the Site Kilometre line from centre of Weethley E Farm Ridgeway Weethley Ridgeway FRidgeway7 House, Alcester ESite BoundaryLocation ofC Wider Viewpoint 7 A Ridgeway Weethley T 01908 303701 AE dateB Kilometre line from centre of K E Y B4088 the Site Farm Weethley WFarm www.enplan.net7Farm AD Evesham Road K E Y K E Y RidgewayPublic Right of WayFarmWeethley F FarmFarm Cottage Kilometre line from centrethe Site of Location of Wider Viewpoint Weethley Ref no: AL45FarmFarm Cottage RidgewayDD 09.08.2017 Public Right of Way Weethley Farm Farm Cottage E Weethley the Site LocationKilometre of Wider line fromViewpoint centre of Site Boundary 7 A B4088 Location of Wider Viewpoint Weethley Ridgeway SiteD BoundaryEvesham Road Kilometre line from centre of Site Boundary Farm Cottage D Farm Farm F Farm Cottagetitle drawn by the Site Ridgeway FWeethley Farm Cottageproject C D scale Location of WiderKilometreK E YViewpoint line from centrethe Siteof 8Weethley F E B EFarm SS Ref no: AL43 11 Weethley F 7WeethleyA E 7 CA 1:25000 @ A3 the Site Weethley Farm Ridgeway Farm7 A Farm BD C Landscape and Visual Kilometre line from centre of Farm CottageE RidgewayB F Site Boundary K E Y Location of Wider Viewpoint Farm7Farm A Ridgeway House, Alcester(Location of wider viewpoints) Cchecked the Site revision date description dwn chkd C Ridgeway Weethley E dateB Location of Wider Viewpoint Location of WiderKilometre Viewpoint line from centre of Farm B4088 B Evesham Road Damson Ridgeway Public RightWeethley of Way 7WeethleyFarm A B F C K E Y Weethley B4088 Weethley RH the Site Church Farm F Farm D Evesham Road D 09.08.2017 E Kilometre line from centre of B4088 Site Boundary Cottage Weethley Weethley Farm Cottage D Evesham Road Farm Cottage 7 A Farm Farm Farm Cottage E Ridgeway FarmC the Site Gloucester House, Radwinter Road F 7 A B4088 D Evesham Road B4088 B Weethley 399 Silbury Boulevard Weethley Evesham Road Farm Farm Cottage drawing number revision Location of Wider Viewpoint Site Boundary E title B4088 drawn by revision date description dwn chkd F Evesham Road Kilometre line from centre of Tesco Supermarket 7 A Weethley FarmFarm CottageRidgeway WeethleyD Kilometre line fromMilton centre Keynes of Farm 9 F E SS Kilometre line from centre of MK9 2AH 11 8WeethleyRidgeway F Weethley E 7 CAFarm B C K E Y D K E Y the Site B B4088 Farm Cottage the Site the Site Weethley 7 A Farm D Evesham Road C Landscape and Visual K E Y Location of Wider Viewpoint K E Y E B Gloucester House, revision date description dwn chkd 01908 303701 Farm7Weethley Farm Cottage C Figure 5 revision date descriptionT dwn chkd 10 Farm A B F (Location of wider viewpoints) checked 399 Silbury Boulevard Farm D Weethley Public Right ofrevision Way date description Locationdwn chkd of WWider www.enplan.net Viewpoint Damson Farm Cottage Weethley E C Ridgeway SiteSite Boundary BoundaryMilton Keynes Kilometre line from centre of Site Boundary B B4088 Ref no: AL45 Site Boundary Weethley B4088 Evesham Road RH K E Y Church Evesham Road 7 Saffron RidgewayWalden RidgewayA F D MK9 2AH Gloucester House, B4088 Weethley PublicFarm WeethleyRight of Way Evesham Road Farm Cottage DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGC I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 the Site Cottage D E FarmB 399 Silbury Boulevard Gloucester House, Farm Cottage B4088 Farm Evesham Road C7 Farm F D K E BY Farm A Gloucester House, 399 Silbury Boulevard Weethley CommunityFarm Hospital Cottage Farm drawing number revision T 01908 303701 Milton Keynes Kilometre line fromproject centre of scale Site Boundary E Weethley B4088 revision date description dwn chkd Evesham Road 399 Silbury Boulevard 7 A C W www.enplan.net MK9 2AH Milton Keynes B Ref no: AL43 D Public Right of Way Milton Keynes the SiteKilometre line from centre of 1:25000 @ A3 Farm B4088 MK9Location 2AH of Wider Viewpoint 9 Ridgeway Site Boundary Evesham Road Location of Wider Viewpoint Saffron Walden Farm CottageWeethley K E BY RefC no: AL45revision date F description Locationdwn chkd of Site Views revision date description dwn chkd Location of Wider Viewpoint B4088 MK9 2AH Public Right of Way F Evesham Road C F Weethley D T 01908 303701 the Site Weethley FarmB Gloucester House,E revision date description dwn chkd T 01908 303701 Ridgeway House, Alcester Weethley10 E WeethleyC Farm Cottage K E EY Figure7 5 A Public Right of Way W www.enplan.net K E Y date B B4088 399 Silbury Boulevard 7 Evesham Road 7 A T 01908 303701 www.enplan.net K E Y Community Hospital A D Ridgeway Farm Site Boundary Gloucester House, Ref no: AL45 projectPublic Right ofrevision Way dateGloucesterdescriptionscale House, dwn chkd W Saffron Walden Farm Farm Cottage Farm Milton Keynes 09.08.2017 Location of Wider Viewpoint B4088 Ref no: AL45 www.enplan.net Evesham Road W Ref no: AL43 Public Right of Way B C 399 Silbury Boulevard Public Right of Way Gloucester House, 399 Silbury1:25000 Boulevard @ A3 Linden Homes Current B4088 FarmRidgeway MK9 2AH Public Right of Way Evesham Road Location of Site Views WeethleySiteDO Boundary NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542Ref no: AL45 Site Boundary K E Y Saffron Walden F Weethley Milton Keynes Kilometre line from centre399 Silbury of Boulevard Milton Keynes Kilometre line from centre of Site Boundary Weethley B4088 Location of Wider Viewpoint Kilometre line from centre of Community Hospital PublicWeethley Right of Way Evesham Road C D project scale E FarmB Farm CottageMK9 2AH the Site RidgewayMilton House, KeynesGloucester Alcester House,MK9 2AH the Site title drawn by Development D 7 A D T 01908 303701 date project scale K E Y the Site Farm CottageRef no: AL43 Farm Cottage 399 Silbury Boulevard 1:25000 @ A3 K E Y C KB4088 E Y www.enplan.net MK9 2AH Community Hospital FarmK E BY Ref no: AL43 11 Evesham RoadPublic Right of Way W 8 project scale SS Site Boundary F Location of Site Views01908 303701 Milton Keynes T 01908 303701 1:25000 @ A3 Ref no: AL45revision date descriptionT dwn chkd revision date description 09.08.2017dwn chkd Kilometre line from centre of Ref no: AL43 Weethley E W www.enplan.net 1:25000 @ A3Landscape and Visual B4088 W www.enplan.net MK9 2AH Ridgeway House, Alcester Public Right of Way Weethley Public7 Right of Way Evesham Road Location of Site Views Public Right of Way T 01908 303701 Location of Wider Viewpoint Site Boundary K E Y Ridgeway Site Boundary LocationRef Ridgewayno:A AL45of Wider ViewpointF Site Boundary Ref no: AL45 Ridgewaydate House, Alcester(Location of widerSite Boundary viewpoints) K checkedE Y the Site Saffron Walden Saffron Walden FarmWeethley D Public RightB of Way C RidgewayW www.enplan.net date Location of Wider Viewpoint B4088 E Public Righttitle of Way drawn by Public Right of Way Evesham Road FarmC Cottage C Damson 01908 303701 Ridgeway House, Alcester Shire Hill Industries Public Right of Way FarmB 7FarmB A Gloucester House, Ref no: AL45 project Gloucesterscale House,T 09.08.2017date RH Church Farm K E Y 09.08.2017 Ref no: AL43 Public Right of Way11 Farm Weethley8 399 Silbury Boulevard Public Right of Way revision 399date Silburydescription BoulevardW www.enplan.net dwn SS chkd Location of Wider Viewpoint Site Boundary Community Hospital Community Hospital LocationCottage of Wider Viewpointproject Ref no: AL45 scale 1:25000 @ A3 project scale 09.08.2017 Site Boundary Radwinter RoadFarmD Milton Keynes LandscapeMilton Keynes and Visual Ridgeway drawn by B4088 title Ref no: AL43 Public Right of WayRef no: AL43 Farm CottageWeethley Evesham Road project scale 1:25000 @ A3 drawing number revision Location of Wider Viewpoint B4088 1:25000 @ A3 MK9 2AH title drawn by B4088 MK9 2AH revision date description dwn chkd Evesham Road Evesham Road Ridgeway House, Alcester(Location of wider viewpoints) checked Site Boundary F Location of Site Views C F 8DLocation of SiteLocation Views of Wider Viewpoint Gloucester House, date Farm SS Location of WiderKilometre Viewpoint line from centre of Ref no: AL43 Tesco Supermarket11DamsonWeethley B Farm CottagePublic Right of Way F title 1:25000 @ A3 drawn by Kilometre line from centre of D WeethleyA E 11 E Ridgeway8Weethley House,9 Alcester 399 Silbury Boulevard project RidgewayRH House, Alcesterscale K E Y SS the Site 7 ChurchA 7 A T 01908 303701 T 0190809.08.2017 303701 E Landscape and Visual date K E Y C B Ref no: AL43 Cottage11 8 7date MiltonA Keynes K E Y LandscapeSS and Visual the Site Location of Wider Viewpoint Farm FarmPublic Right of Way W www.enplan.netPublic Right of Way W www.enplan.netRidgeway House, Alcester(Location of wider 1:25000viewpoints) @ A3 checked Figure 5 Gloucester House, Location of WiderKilometre revisionViewpoint line fromdate centredescription of dwn chkd M Radwinter RoadFarm B C 10Ref no: AL45Farm 09.08.2017MK9 2AH Landscapedate and Visual09.08.2017 E B4088 Ref no: AL45 Public Right of Way F (Location of wider viewpoints) checked 399 Silbury Boulevard Evesham Road Damson drawing number Site Boundary title Weethley drawn by revision RH K E Y the Site Public Right of Way Public Right of WayWeethley Church Weethley Damson C Ridgeway Ridgeway House, Alcester(Location09.08.2017 of widerE viewpoints)Location checkedof Wider Viewpoint Site BoundaryMilton Keynes Kilometre line from centre of F Tesco Supermarket Location of Wider Viewpoint Church B Location of WiderPublic ViewpointRight of Way Weethley T 01908 303701 7 A dateSite Boundary RHKilometre line from centre of D 9 CottageDamson D Ridgeway SS MK9 2AH Gloucester House, 11 8 title drawn byFarm title drawn by RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 the Site Farm Cottage Radwinter RoadFarmChurch Farm Cottage Cottage project scale W www.enplan.netproject D scale K E Y B4088 Farm 09.08.2017 399 Silbury Boulevard Farm Evesham Road Public Right of Way Farm Cottage drawing number revision the Site Site Boundary Cottage 8 Ref no: AL45 Farm Landscape and Visual K E Y title drawn by SS Ref no: AL43 11 Ref no: AL43 118 SS drawing number revision T 01908 303701 Milton Keynes Kilometre line from centre of Radwinter10 RoadFarm 1:25000 @ A3 RidgewayFigure 5 Weethley 1:25000 @ A3 revision date description dwn chkd Tesco Supermarket B4088 (Location of wider viewpoints) checked Kilometre line from centre of Public Right of Way Evesham Road 8 9 Landscape and Visual Landscapedrawing and SSnumber Visual revision Location of WWider www.enplan.net Viewpoint MK9 2AH the Site 11Damson 9 FarmRidgeway titleSite Boundary D drawnPublic by Right ofrevision Way date descriptionSite BoundarydwnLocationchkdK Eof YWider Viewpoint Tesco SupermarketChurch Ridgeway House, Alcester(Location of wider viewpoints) checked RidgewayLandscapeRHFarm House,Cottage and Alcester(Location Visual ofK widerE Y viewpoints) Refchecked no: AL45revision date description dwn chkd the Site C Saffron Walden B 8 C9 Ridgeway F date project scale date SS Location of WiderKilometre Viewpoint line from centre of B 11 Public Right of Way Public Right of Way DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGC I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 T 01908 303701 Damson Cottage Public Right of Way Damson10 Weethley F B Gloucester House, revision date description dwn chkd Ref no: AL43 E revision Farmdate description(Location of widerdwn viewpoints)chkd Kchecked E Y RH Church Farm Church Weethley10 7 A E RH Landscape 1:25000and Visual @ A309.08.2017 Figurethe Site 5 Location of WWider www.enplan.net Viewpoint G Damson Farm 09.08.2017drawing number Gloucester House, Public399 Silbury Right Boulevard ofrevision Way date descriptionSite Boundarydwn chkd Cottage Community Hospital Cottage 10 Farm 7 A revision Ridgeway FigureRH 5 Site Boundary Gloucester House, Ref no: AL45 project scale Radwinter RoadFarm RadwinterChurch RoadFarm Saffron Walden Farm Ridgeway FRidgeway House,(Location Alcester of wider viewpoints) checked 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes B4088 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 B4088 C Evesham Road Ref no: AL43 Public Right of Way 399 Silbury Boulevard Evesham Road CottageDamson Weethleydrawing number E drawingdateB number Siterevision BoundaryMilton Keynes Kilometre line from centreGloucester of House, 1:25000 @ A3 Linden Homes Current revision B4088 Farm MK9Location 2AH of Wider Viewpoint FarmChurch 9 titleWeethley drawn by 7 GloucesterEvesham Road House, title Location of Site Views drawn by RH revisionDO NOT dateSCALE FROMdescription THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdwn chkd AL100035542 Ridgeway Farm A F MK9Milton 2AH Keynes GloucesterKilometre House, line from centre399 Silbury of Boulevard Tesco Supermarket Tesco Supermarket Cottage Community Hospital Weethley F FarmWeethley D 399 Silbury Boulevard drawing number 09.08.2017 DO NOT SCALErevision FROM KilometreTHIS DRAWING line I from COPYRIGHT centre AL100035542 of the Site project scale 118 9 8 9 SS E SS MK9 2AH 399the Silbury Site BoulevardRidgewayMilton House, Keynes Alcester L 11 10 FarmDevelopment Weethley Farm Cottage K E EY D Figure7 5 MiltonA Keynes K E Y T 01908 303701 date 7 Farm Farm CottageRef no: AL43 drawing number the Site Milton Keynes Kilometre line from centre of 1:25000 @ A3 7LandscapeA and Visual Landscape and Visual B4088 revision T 01908 303701 www.enplan.net MK9Location 2AH of Wider Viewpoint 9 Evesham Road W A FarmK E Y MK9 2AH Gloucester House, revision date description dwn chkd Farm Figure 5 Weethley FigurePublicF 5 Right ofrevision WayLocationdate ofdescription Site ViewsT 01908 303701dwn chkd 10 10 (Location of wider viewpoints) checked F Weethleytitle (LocationPublic of Rightwider ofviewpoints) Waydrawn by Refchecked no: AL45revision 399date Silburydescription BoulevardW www.enplan.net dwn chkd MK9 2AH the Site 09.08.2017 Linden Homes Current 9 Ridgeway D E Location of WWider www.enplan.net Viewpoint Ridgeway House, Alcester Weethley Farm WeethleyCottageSiteDO Boundary NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigurePublic AL100035542Ref Right no:5 AL45 ofrevision Way date description dwn chkd T 01908 303701 Damson Damson10 Public8 Right of Way Ridgeway T 01908K E 303701 EY 7 A SS Site BoundaryMilton Keynes Kilometre line from centre of date Church Saffron11 Walden Church Weethley 7RH ASite Boundary LocationRef no: AL45of Wider ViewpointRH T 01908 303701 www.enplan.net Saffron Walden Public Right of Way Ridgeway F B C WFarm www.enplan.net D Gloucester House,MK9 2AH Public Right ofrevision Way dateGloucesterdescription House, titledwn chkd W drawn by Shire Hill Industries PublicCottage Right of Way Public RightFarm of WayFarmDO NOT SCALE FROMFarm THIS DRAWINGC Cottage I COPYRIGHT AL100035542Landscape and VisualFigure 5DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 the Site 09.08.2017 Development Cottage Weethley10 E Ref no: AL45 FarmDB PublicGloucester Right House, of Way Ref no: AL45 project399 Silbury BoulevardW www.enplan.net scale Farm Linden Homes Current Farm 7 Farm Cottage 399 Silbury Boulevard revision date description dwn chkd Community Hospital Ref no: AL43 Farm A Public Right of Way11 K E Y Ridgeway (Location of WeethleySitewider8DO Boundary NOTviewpoints) SCALE FROM GloucesterTHIS DRAWINGchecked House, I COPYRIGHT399 AL100035542 RefSilbury no: Boulevard AL45 project scale SS Public Right of Way drawing number drawing number revisionMilton Keynes T 01908 303701 Milton Keynes 1:25000Kilometre @ A3 line from centre of Community Hospital SaffronDamson Walden Farm Weethley revision C revision date descriptionLocation of Widerdwn Viewpointprojectchkd scale Ref no: AL43 Public Right of Way B 399 Silbury BoulevardD Milton KeynesW www.enplan.net Gloucester House,MK9 2AH 1:25000 @ A3Landscape and Visual title drawn by Linden Homes Current B4088 Farm RH MK9 2AH Church Evesham Road the Site Public Right of Way Development Ref no: AL43 Location of Site ViewsprojectD Public RightFarm ofCottage WayDO NOT SCALEscaleMilton FROM Keynes THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542Kilometre line from centre of 1:25000 @ A3 project scale 9 Ridgeway F B4088 Site Boundary MK9Location 2AH of Wider Viewpoint 9 Evesham Road Farm Cottage Ref no: AL45 399 Silbury BoulevardRidgeway House, Alcester(Location of wider viewpoints) checked Saffron Walden CommunityCottage Hospital Weethley Weethley F LocationK Eof YSite Views C revision date description 8 dwn chkd project Gloucester House, date scale SS Bridleway Ref no: 44-19 Ref no: AL43 Farm Public Right of Way Ref no: AL43 C E11Damson B Public RightMK9 2AH of Way the Site RidgewayMilton House, Keynes AlcesterT 01908 303701 1:25000 @ A3 Shire Hill IndustriesK Development F Weethley D 7FarmB A E 1:25000 @ A3Gloucester House,T 01908 303701 revision date description datedwn chkd399 Silbury Boulevard RH Weethley D Farm CottageRef no: AL43A Figure 5 Church drawing numberFigure 5 revision T 01908 303701 Ridgeway House,W Alcester www.enplan.net 09.08.2017 1:25000 @ A3Landscape and Visual 7 B4088 MK9 2AH E A revision date descriptionwww.enplan.net dwn chkd 10 Farm Evesham Road W date 10 K E Y Public399 Silbury Right Boulevard of Way Milton Keynes revision date description C7 dwn AB chkd RidgewayCottage PublicF RightSite ofBoundary WayLocation of Site ViewsT 01908 303701 W www.enplan.netproject scale Community Hospital Farm PublicRidgewayRef Right no: AL45 House,ofrevision Way AlcesterdateGloucesterdescription House, dwnRef no:chkdC AL45 09.08.2017 Ridgeway House, Alcester(Location of wider viewpoints) checked SaffronM Walden Farm 9 RadwinterWeethley RoadFarm E dateB Milton Keynes 09.08.2017MK9 2AH date E B4088 Ref no: AL45 W www.enplan.net Public Right of Way Ridgeway House, Alcester Evesham Road Damson Shire Hill Industries Public Right of WayRef no: AL43 Public Right of Way Weethley Public7 RightB ofA Way C 399 Silbury Boulevard Gloucester House,T 01908 3037011:25000 @ A3 drawing number revision Linden Homes Current Linden Homes Current B4088 Farm MK9 2AH title drawn by date RH Public Right of Way Ridgeway WeethleySiteDO Boundary NOT SCALEEvesham Road FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542LocationRef no: AL45ofChurch Wider Viewpoint DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 F F Farm DLocation of Site Views Milton Keynes09.08.2017Gloucester House, Kilometre linerevision from centre399date Silbury of description BoulevardW www.enplan.net dwn chkd 09.08.2017 Saffron Walden GloucesterTesco House, SupermarketWeethley C Location of Wider ViewpointFigure 5 Cottage Public Right of Way title project drawn by T 01908 303701 scale Shire Hill Industries Public RightCommunity of Way Hospital10 Weethley FarmB11 Farm Cottage E D 8 9Gloucester House,MK9 2AH 399 RefSilbury no: Boulevard AL45 project Ridgeway House,title Alcesterscale drawn by SS 09.08.2017 D A D Farm Cottage Radwinter RoadFarm T 01908 303701 projectthe Site Milton Keynes scale W www.enplan.net 399 Silbury Boulevard 7 A B4088 Development Development 8 Evesham Road Public Right ofrevision Way date description date dwn SS chkd drawing number C B Ref no: AL43 PublicFarm Right Cottage of WayRef11 no: AL43 Weethley 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes Landscape and Visual 1:25000 @ A3 revision B4088 www.enplan.net Ref no: AL45MK9 2AH 1:25000 @ A3 title drawn by Community Hospital Ref no: AL43 Milton Keynes 11 FarmK E Y 8 Evesham RoadPublic Right oftitle WayLocation of SiteLocation Views of Widerdrawn Viewpointproject by W scale SS M F10 D Milton Keynes T 01908 303701MK9 2AH Gloucester House,Landscape and1:25000 Visual @ A309.08.2017 Figure 5 J E Tesco Supermarket Ref no: AL45revisionDO NOT SCALEdate FROMdescription THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdwn chkd AL100035542 (Location of widertitle viewpoints) checked drawn by H Ref no: AL43 MK9 2AH Public Right of Way Weethley Farm Cottage 9 Landscapeproject and Visual scale SS E W www.enplan.net8 3991:25000 Silbury @ Boulevard A3 D A 8 B4088 11 MK9 2AH SS Ridgeway House, Alcester 11 Public Right of Way Evesham Road Weethley DamsonPublic 7 Right of Way Ridgeway House, Alcester(LocationT 01908 303701 of wider viewpoints) checked K E Y F Ridgeway F Location of Site Views CA 8 Gloucester House, date RHdate SS C B Ref no: AL43 Site Boundary11ChurchDamson B LocationRef no: AL45of WiderPublic ViewpointRight of Way T 01908 303701 RidgewayMilton House, Keynes Alcesterwww.enplan.net(Location of wider viewpoints) checkedproject1:25000 @ A3Landscape and Visualscale Saffron Walden T 01908Weethley 303701 Farm DB C Landscape and VisualPublic Right of Way title 399 SilburyW Boulevard date drawn by Shire Hill Industries M Public Right of Way D A Church FarmC CottageE Damson Cottage Public Right of Way T 01908 30370110 WRidgeway www.enplan.netproject House, Alcester MK9 2AH scale LandscapeRH DO NOT and SCALE Visual FROM09.08.2017 THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 Shire Hill Industries E 7 B Ref no: AL45 09.08.2017 revision date description(Location of widerdwn viewpoints)chkd checked C B W www.enplan.net Farm AChurchRef no: AL43 Farm Public Right of Way (LocationGloucester ofHouse, wider viewpoints) checked date Milton Keynes RH 1:25000 @ A3 Site Boundary G Farm Cottage 8 Ref no: AL45revision date descriptionW www.enplan.net dwn chkd revision date description Ridgeway09.08.2017dwn SS House,chkd Alcester Ref no: AL43 Damson Public Right of Way11 Public WeethleyRight of Way Damson399 Silbury Boulevard drawing number (Location of wider viewpoints)revision checked Public Right of Way 8 Community Hospital M F Radwinter RoadFarm Cottage Church B LocationC of Wider Viewpointproject scale 09.08.2017MK9 1:250002AH @ A3 date RH Public Right of Way E B4088 Ref no: AL45 Public Right of WayRH T 01908 303701 PublicChurch Right of Way Evesham Road Damson Radwinter RoadFarm D Milton Keynes Landscapedrawing and number Visual title revision Ridgeway House,drawn by Alcester DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 B4088 title drawn by RH Evesham Road Cottage Public Right of WayRef no: AL43 Cottage Weethley Church Farm Cottage 9 Public Right of Way 1:25000 @ A3W www.enplan.netprojectdrawing number scaleGloucesterrevision House,09.08.2017 date F B4088 MK9 2AH title drawn by Footpath Ref no: Footpath Ref no: 44-37 Tesco Supermarket Evesham Road Location of Wider Viewpoint Farm Ridgeway House, Alcester(LocationT of01908 wider 303701 viewpoints) checked Farm F DLocation of Site ViewsB C9 Cottage Gloucester8 House, Ref no: AL45 project Gloucesterscale House, date SS drawingSS number Tesco Supermarket project Ref11 no: AL43 scale 11 8 Public Right of Way drawing number title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard revision Weethley Farm Cottage DamsonRadwinter RoadFarm project revision scale W www.enplan.net 1:25000 @ A3 09.08.2017 8 9 B4088 SS E revision date description dwn399 Silburychkd Boulevard LDRef no: AL43 PublicA Right of Way11 Evesham Road 399 Silbury Boulevard Public RightRidgeway of Way House, Alcester RH drawing number PROW 200_1 D A 7 Church 10 T 01908 303701 Landscape 1:25000and Visual @ A309.08.2017 FigureLandscape 5 Milton and Keynes Visual revision G 7 A NTS 8 Ref no: AL45 date Milton KeynesSS title drawn by Location ofC Site ViewsB Ref no: AL43 C B A11 Farm 9 Cottage Milton KeynesW www.enplan.net 9 1:25000 @ A3Landscape and VisualFigureRidgeway 5 House, Alcester MK9 2AH TescoPublic RightSupermarket of Way 10Public Right of Way (Location of widerproject viewpoints) checked (Locationscale of wider viewpoints) checked 8 M M Radwinter RoadFarm 10 B 8 MK9 2AH C9 RidgewayLandscape House, and Visual Alcester09.08.2017 MK9 2AH Figure 5 date title SS drawn by E E B4088 Ref no: AL45 Public Right of Way (Location of wider viewpoints) checked 11 Evesham Road Damson drawing number Ref Landno: AL43 at ShireLinden Hill Farm, Homes CurrentDamson Gloucester House, title revision date date drawndescription by dwn revisionchkd RH Public Right of Way WeethleyChurch date Damson Church 10Figure 5 Ridgeway House, Alcester(Location of wider viewpoints) checkedproject LandscapeRH DO NOT 1:25000and SCALE Visualscale @ FROM A309.08.2017T 01908THIS DRAWING 303701 I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 F G F 10 C 11 8 date SS Thaxted Road Tesco Supermarket Church B Location of Wider Viewpoint 01908 303701 399 Silbury Boulevard T 01908 303701 DO NOT SCALE FROMRH THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 Saffron Walden Damson CottageD 8Public Right of 9Way Cottage 10 T 09.08.2017 SS W www.enplan.net 11 Ref no: AL43 13.09.2017 title Publicdrawn Right by ofrevision Way dateDO NOTdescription SCALE(Location FROM THIS DRAWINGof widerdwn Iviewpoints) chkdCOPYRIGHT AL100035542Landscapechecked and Visual L Church Farm CottageFarm RadwinterCottage RoadFarm W www.enplan.netproject Milton Keynesscale W www.enplan.netRidgewayRH House, Alcester 1:25000 @ A3 Development B4088 09.08.2017 Ref no: AL45 7 G Public Right of Way Evesham Road Public Right of Way drawing number A FarmCottage Linden Homes CurrentDamson Ref no: AL45 Landscapedrawing and number GloucesterVisual House, title revision date drawn by revision Location of Wider Viewpoint Public Right8 of WayChurch Ref no: AL45 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I MK9 COPYRIGHT 2AH AL100035542 drawingSS number (LocationRH of widerDO NOTviewpoints) SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGchecked I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Ref no: AL43 11 Radwinter RoadFarm 10 title1:25000 @ A3 Figuredrawn by 5 revision Lake Road Maplecroft Lane Tesco Supermarket Damson (Location of wider viewpoints)399 Silbury BoulevardRidgewaychecked House, Alcester DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Public Right of Way B4088 Public Right of Way title drawn by Evesham Road Cottage 8 9 Landscapedrawing and number Visual revision 09.08.2017date SS L Public Right of Way 11 9 Church title drawn by Gloucester House, RH 7 Damson FarmDevelopment8 9 T 01908 303701 Milton KeynesSS project scale Nursery Public Right of Way Tesco SupermarketA 11 Church SS Cottage Ridgeway House, Alcester(Location of wider viewpoints) checkedproject 399 Silbury BoulevardLandscapeRH drawing and number Visualscale revision B 8 C9 project scaleW www.enplan.netdate SS MK9 2AH 09.08.2017 Byway Ref no:L 44-18 BridlewayShire Ref no: Hill 44-19 Industries11K Damson CottageRef no: AL43 Public Right of Way Farm 10Public Right of Way Landscape and VisualFigure 5DOMilton NOTtitle SCALE Keynes FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFiguredrawn AL100035542 by 5 1:25000 @ A3 Landscape and Visual 10 revision date description(Location of widerdwn viewpoints)chkd checked 7 Ref no: AL43 ChurchRef no: AL43 Ref no: AL45revision date description dwn chkd FigureRH 5 1:25000 @ A3 drawing number revision G G A Farm 10 9 Landscape 1:25000and Visual @(Location A309.08.2017 of wider viewpoints) MK9checked 2AH revision date description dwn chkd Public Right of Way Public Right of Way (Location of widerCottage viewpoints) checked Damson 8 revision date description dwn chkd Figuredrawing 5 number T 01908 303701 revision SS Public Right of Way 11Damson10 Church 9 (Location of wider viewpoints) checked title drawnRHRidgeway by House, Alcester LindenRadwinter Homes RoadFarm Current Ridgeway PublicHouse, Right Alcester of Way WRidgeway www.enplan.netRH House, Alcester DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 date Church B4088 DO NOT SCALE FROMLandscape THIS DRAWING I and COPYRIGHT Visual AL100035542 Public Right of Way Shire Hill Industries Evesham Road Figure 5 Footpath Ref no: 44-36 Linden Homes CurrentDamson RH 9 Cottage 10 8 Ref no: AL45drawingdateproject number Gloucesterrevisionscale House,T 01908 303701 date SS 11 Farm Gloucester House, title drawn by RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Church Cottage W(Location www.enplan.net of wider viewpoints) checked 09.08.2017Gloucester House, revision date description dwn chkd 6 Bridleway Ref no: 44-19 K Tesco Supermarket Ref no: AL43 Public Right ofFarm Way 10Gloucester399 Silbury House, Boulevard Public Right of Way DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING399 Silbury I COPYRIGHT Boulevard AL100035542Landscapedrawing number and Visual09.08.2017 revision Figure 5 Development Cottage 8 9 Damson 09.08.2017 SS 1:25000 @ A3 399 Silbury Boulevard L 11 D A Ref no: AL45 drawing number revision L FarmDevelopmentdrawingLinden number Homes Current10 399Milton Silbury Keynes Boulevard Figure 5 Milton Keynes RH 7 7 Public Right of Way Churchrevision (Location of widerDO NOTviewpoints) SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGchecked I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Public Right of Way revision date description C dwn B chkd 9 Landscapedrawing and number Visual project scale Milton Keynes A A MiltonMK9 Keynes2AH revision MK9 2AH title drawn by M 9 CottageDamson FigureRidgeway 5 House, Alcester MK9 2AH Gloucester House, BridlewayPublic Ref Right no: 44-19 of WayK J H Ref no: AL43 10 FarmEChurch MK9 2AH title (Location of wider viewpoints)drawn by checked datetitle drawn by RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Linden Homes Current Development9 D A 8 projectdrawing number 1:25000scale @ A3 SS 399 Silbury Boulevard 11 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 revision KDamson E Y F Cottage10 8 T 01908 303701 T 01908 303701 SS 11 118 C B SS FigureRH 5 09.08.2017 T 01908 303701 Milton Keynes BridlewayShire Ref no: Hill 44-19 IndustriesK Church Ref no: AL43 10Gloucester House,Farm revision date description dwn chkd T W01908 www.enplan.net 303701 W www.enplan.netRidgeway House, Alcester 1:25000 @ A3Landscape and Visual Figure 5 M Public Right of Way 9 LandscapePublic Rightand Visualof Way DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542Landscapedrawing and number Visual revision W www.enplan.net MK9 2AH Shire Hill Industries Development Cottage 10 399 Silbury Boulevard E Ref no: FigureAL45 5 Public Rightdate ofrevision Way (Locationdate description of wider viewpoints)dwn chkd checked Farm Ref no:revision AL45 date description dwn chkd W www.enplan.net Linden SiteHomes Boundary CurrentMilton Keynes (Location of wider viewpoints) checkedtitle drawn(Location byRidgeway of widerDO NOTviewpoints)House, SCALE FROM Alcester THIS RefDRAWINGchecked no: AL45 I revision COPYRIGHT AL100035542date description dwn chkd Public RightJ of Way Public Right of Way 8 Public Right of Way F 9 Damson drawing number revision 09.08.2017 H Public ShireRight of Hill Way Industries Damson MK9 2AH Damson10Gloucester House,PublicChurch Right of Way DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 date RH T 01908 303701 Linden Homes Current DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 8 RH SS RH Public Right of Way Public Right of Way Church 11 Church DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 W www.enplan.net Footpath Ref no: Footpath Ref no: 44-37 Development9 399 Silbury Boulevard Cottage project scale project scale 09.08.2017Gloucester House, Public Right ofrevision Way date description dwn chkd Cottage Cottage 10Gloucester House,Farm Landscape and Visual Figure 5 drawn by Gloucester House, Ref no: AL45 project scale Ref no: AL43 D TFarm 01908 303701A Milton Keynes project scale title 399 Silbury Boulevarddrawing number Bridleway Ref no: 44-19 K BridlewayShire Ref no: Hill 44-19 IndustriesK Ref no: AL43J Farm 399 Silbury Boulevard 1:25000 @ A3 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING1:25000 I COPYRIGHT@ A3 AL100035542 revision H Development D C B W www.enplan.netA MK9 2AH Ref no: AL43 Public Right ofdrawing Way numberFigure 5 revision(Location of wider viewpoints) checkeddrawing number revisionMilton399 Keynes Silbury Boulevard revision date description dwn chkd1:25000 @ A3 PROW 200_1 10G 11 Milton Keynes 8 NTS title revisionSS datedrawn bydescription dwn chkd 8 J M revision date descriptionLocation ofC SiteDamson dwnViewsB chkd revision date description dwn chkd 9 MK9Milton 2AH Keynes Gloucester House, Public Right of Way 8 H EChurch MK9 2AH 9 Ridgeway House, Alcester RidgewayLandscapeRH House,DO and NOT Alcester SCALE Visual FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTMK9 2AH AL100035542 project scale Shire Hill Industries M E 9 11 D T 01908 303701A 8 date date SS 399 Silbury BoulevardRidgeway House, Alcester K E Y Cottage Ref Landno: AL43 at Shire Hill Farm, Gloucester House, revision date date description dwn chkd Cycle Route 1 Footpath Ref no: 44-37 Linden Homes Current F C B W www.enplan.net DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS dateDRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 (Location of wider viewpoints) checked 01908 303701Figure 5 Milton Keynes 1:25000 @ A3 Public Right of Way Farm G 10 Landscape and Visual09.08.2017Gloucester House,T revision date description dwn chkd Thaxted Road F project scale T 01908 303701 09.08.2017 Figure 5 399 Silbury Boulevard Shire Hill Industries 8 10Gloucester House,M Damson10Gloucester House, SaffronFigure Walden 5 drawing number revision W www.enplan.netT 01908 303701 MK9 2AH 09.08.2017 Public Right of Way LD A EChurch 13.09.2017 Public Right of Way 399 SilburyRH Boulevard National Long Distance W www.enplan.net (Location of wider viewpoints) checkedwww.enplan.net Milton Keynes Development 7Site Boundary 399 Silbury Boulevard 399 Silbury Boulevard PublicRef Right no: AL45 ofrevision Way date description dwn chkd W Ridgeway House, Alcester C B A CottageDamsonNTS Milton Keynes Gloucester House, date Public Right of Way FootpathPublic RefRight no: of 44-37 Way 8 Milton Keynes LocationF of Wider ViewpointPublic Right of Way9 Milton Keynes title drawn by Reftitle no: AL45 drawn by RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGT 01908 I MK9 COPYRIGHT 303701 2AH AL100035542 Lake Road J Maplecroft Lane M FarmChurch MK9 2AH Gloucester House, title 399 Silburydrawn Boulevard by J H H E MK9 2AH Public Right of Way MK9 2AHproject scale title DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I drawn COPYRIGHT by AL100035542 drawingDO NOT numberSCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTrevision AL100035542 W www.enplan.net 09.08.2017 8 LD Land at Shire Hill Farm, ACottage 8 SS Public RightSS of Way 399 Silbury Boulevard Footpath Ref no: Footpath Ref no: 44-37 11 7 11 Farm date Figure 5 8 Ref no: AL45 project scale T 01908 303701 Milton KeynesSS Thaxted Road Nursery K E Y F Public Right10 of Way NTS11 Gloucester House, Milton Keynes C B A project 9 scale Landscape and Visual SS Landscapedrawing and number Visual T 01908 303701revisionproject scaleW www.enplan.net MK9 2AH T 01908 303701 Saffron Walden T 01908Public 303701 Right of Way Public Right ofrevision Way date description dwn chkd PROW 200_1Shire Hill Industries D M A BywayE Ref no: 44-18Ref no: AL43 13.09.2017 Landscape and Visual 399 Silbury Boulevard W www.enplan.net MK9 2AH 1:25000 @ A3Landscape and Visual title drawn by G W www.enplan.net Ref no: AL43 W www.enplan.netLand at Shire Hill Farm, NTS (Location of wider viewpoints) checked Public Right of Way (Location of wider viewpoints) Refchecked no: AL45revision date description dwn chkd1:25000 @ A3 Site BoundaryG Location ofC Site ViewsB 9 Ref no: AL45revision dateMilton Keynesdescription dwn chkd (Location of wider viewpoints) checked 8 Damson Public Right of Way Damson Public Right of Way date (Location of wider viewpoints) DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 8 project scale T 01908 303701 SS Public Right of Way 8 Thaxted Road M8 F 10 11 checked MK9 2AH Ridgeway House, Alcester Public Right of Way Public Right of Way EChurch Public RightPublic of WayChurch Right oftitle Way Saffrondrawn by Walden Damson RH RH T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net Public Right of Way Footpath Ref no: 44-36 Ref Landno: AL43 at Shire Hill Farm, 13.09.2017 Church Gloucester House,Ridgeway PublicHouse, Right Alcester ofrevision Waydate date description dwn chkd LandscapeRH and Visual No. 61 Public Right of Way Cottage G Cottage 10 date RH PublicFigure Right 5 of Way Gloucester House, RefW www.enplan.netno: AL45 dateproject 1:25000scale @ A3 Footpath Ref no: 44-37Footpath Ref no: FootpathThaxted Road Ref no: 44-37 F Farm Farm SS Cottage T 01908 303701 Ref no: AL45 project 399 Silbury Boulevard scale (Location of wider viewpoints) project SaffronRef no: AL43 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SaffronRef no: WaldenAL43 13.09.2017 Landscape and Visual13.09.2017 Figure 5 PublicRef Right no: AL45 ofrevision Way date description9 dwn chkd Landscape and Visual drawing number 399 Silbury Boulevard W www.enplan.net Milton Keynes1:25000 @ A3 Ridgeway House, Alcester date 9 7 G FootpathPublic Ref no:Right 44-36 of Way revision RH Public Right of Way Ref no: AL45 (Location of wider viewpoints)T 01908 checked303701 A Public Right of Way (Location of wider viewpoints)11 checked Ref no: AL45 Milton Keynes 8 MK9 2AH (Location of widerGloucester viewpoints) House, checkedtitle date SS drawn by DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Location of WiderPublic ViewpointRight of Way J Public Right of Way Damson DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 title drawn byW www.enplan.net 09.08.2017 F Lake Road Maplecroft Lane Public Right of Way Public Right of Way H Church Damson MK9 2AH 10Gloucester House,Ridgeway PublicHouse, Right Alcester of Way 399 Silbury Boulevard 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AL100035542 G 7 Public Right of WayRef no: AL43Landscape and Visual H Landscapedrawing and number Visual Churchrevision W www.enplan.net Ref no: AL45revisionMK9 2AHdate description dwn chkd drawing number revision(Location of wider viewpoints) RH checked E G A revision date description 11dwn chkd MK9 2AH 8 1:25000 @(Location A3 of wider viewpoints) checkedproject scale SS Public Right of Way Public Right of Way (Location of wider viewpoints)Public Right of Way (Location of wider viewpoints) revision date description CottageDamsondwn chkd 8 Ridgeway House, AlcesterT 01908 303701 SS Public RightBridlewayPublic of Way Right Ref ofno: Way 44-19 K 8 checked Ref no: AL43 11Damson checked FarmChurch 9 title drawnRidgeway by House, Alcesterdate LandscapeRH and Visual DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I Church COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 9 T 01908Ridgeway 303701 PublicHouse, Right Alcester of Way W www.enplan.netLandscapeRH date drawing and number Visual 1:25000 @ A3 Footpath Ref no: 44-36 Public Right of Way Footpath Ref no: 44-36 RH RH Cottage T 01908 303701 Ref no: AL45 dateproject scale revision H Cycle Route 1 Footpath Ref no: 44-37 11 8 GloucesterW www.enplan.net House, SS 09.08.2017 (Location of wider viewpoints) checked Public Right of Way Cottage Gloucester House,Farm revision date description dwn chkd Figure 5 Figure 5 10 project Damson scale W www.enplan.net (LocationRidgeway09.08.2017 of wider viewpoints)House, Alcesterchecked C 6 Bridleway Ref no: 44-19 K Ref no: AL43 8 Public Right ofFarm Way 10Gloucester House, Public Right of Way 9 399 Silbury Boulevard Landscape and Visual09.08.2017 Figure 5 1:25000 @ A3 drawing number revision Public Right of Way 399 Silbury Boulevard Damson Church drawing number date RH National Long Distance L DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Ref no: AL45 Milton Keynes revision 7 Public Right of Way drawing number revision drawing number ChurchrevisionMilton 399 Keynes Silbury Boulevard Cottage NTS (Location of wider viewpoints) checkedtitle drawn by RH A J Public Right of Way Footpath Ref no: 44-37 revision date description dwn chkd 9 MK9 2AH project scale 09.08.2017 H Damson MK9Milton 2AH Keynes9 Cottage 10Gloucester House,Farm Ridgeway House,title DO NOT Alcester SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTdrawnFigure by AL100035542 5 Fernbank J DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 8 projecttitle scaledrawn by RH DO NOT SCALE FROMdate THIS DRAWING SS I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 drawing number Public Right of Way Bridleway Ref no: 44-19H K Church Ref11 no: AL43 Farm MK9 2AH 1:25000 @ A3 revision North Street 399 Silbury BoulevardLand at Shire Hill Farm, 11 8 date project scale drawing numberSS Figure 5 revision Cottage 8 Milton10 Keynes T 01908 303701 NTSSS Landscape and Visual09.08.2017 title drawn by Nursery Public Right of Way Bridleway Ref no: 44-19 K Thaxted Road Ref no: AL43 11 Farm Gloucester House,T 01908 303701 revision date descriptionSaffron Waldendwn chkd 9 FigureLandscape 5 and Visual
Footpath Ref no: 10 J Figure 5 T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net 1:25000 @ A3 Ridgeway House,DO NOT Alcester SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Hillgrove Figure 5 H W www.enplan.net Public Right of WayMK9 2AH 9 13.09.2017Landscapedrawing and number Visual revision(Location of wider viewpoints) checked PROW 200_76 399 Silbury Boulevard date 11Damson W www.enplan.net Ref no: AL45 8 Land at Shire Hill Farm, (Location of wider viewpoints) checked SS Public Right of Way 8 revision date description Miltondwn Keyneschkd (LocationRidgeway of wider viewpoints)House, Alcesterdatecheckedtitle drawn by RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 Business Park J 8 Public Right of WayThaxted Road Church 9 Damson T 01908 303701 10 Landscape and Visual09.08.2017 Public Right of Way H Damson Church MK9 2AH 10Gloucester House, title Saffrondrawn by Walden dateDO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542RH 5 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTCottage AL100035542 8 13.09.2017RH SS Cycle Route 1 Western Road Public Right of Way Footpath Ref no: 44-37 Church 11 399 Silbury BoulevardW www.enplan.net (Location of wider viewpoints) checked B Public Right of Way No. 61 Footpath Ref no: 44-37 Public Right of Way Farm Cottage project scale 09.08.2017 A J 8 Cottage Gloucester House,Farm project MiltonDamson Keynes scale SS Figure 5 Landscapedrawing and number Visual title revision drawn by 5 Public Right of Way Ref no: AL43 Farm 10 T 01908 303701Churchproject scale drawing number RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 National Long Distance Bridleway Ref no: 44-19 K J Byway Ref no: 44-18 revision North Street H 399 Silbury Boulevard W www.enplan.net MK9 2AH NTS Landscape and Visual titledrawing number 1:25000drawn @(Location A3 by of wider viewpoints) checkedDO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 PROW 200_2 Cottage 8 revision SS 4 Footpath Ref no: 44-37 Public Right of Way Milton Keynes 11 9 NTS title drawn by Footpath Ref no: revision date description PublicDamsondwn Rightchkd of Way Farm (Location of wider viewpoints) checked Public Right of Way 9 Public RightJ of Way 8 Church project scale Ridgeway House,DO NOT Alcester SCALE FROM THIS DRAWINGSS I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 LandscapeRH drawing and number Visual H MK9 2AH 9 Land at Shire Hill Farm,T 01908 303701 date revision K 11 Footpath Ref no: 44-36 Byway8 Ref no: 44-18 date RH SS Cottage 10 Land at Shire Hill Farm, NTS Landscape and Visual Figure 5 (Location of wider viewpoints) checked Cycle Route 1 FootpathThaxted Road Ref no: 44-37 W www.enplan.net date Public Right of Way revision date description dwn chkd Farm 10Saffron Walden 9 Landscape and Visual09.08.2017 Figure 5
D Thaxted Road Gloucester House,T 01908 303701 Public Right of Way project Damson scale 13.09.2017 (LocationFigure of 5wider viewpoints) checkeddrawing number revision Langley Green Langley 8 Saffron Walden Nursery Road 10 L Public Right of Way Church 13.09.2017 RH National Long Distance 399 Silbury BoulevardW www.enplan.net Land at Shiredrawing numberHill Farm, (Location of wider viewpoints) checked 9 Footpath Ref no: 44-36 Cottage NTS date revision RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 FootpathThaxted Road Ref no: 44-37 Damson 9 10 PublicGloucester Right of House, Way 8 Church Milton Keynes Farm title drawn by title drawn by RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 F J project Saffron Walden scale 13.09.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 drawing number 3 1 399 Silbury Boulevard ShootersH Drive MK9Cottage 2AH Land at Shiretitle Hill Farm, drawn by revision No. 61 Footpath Ref no: 44-37 11Public Right of Way 8 date SS Farm 10 SS NTS drawing number revisionFigure 5 Milton Keynes Thaxted Road Public Right of Way project scale SS DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 5 Highland Road Byway Ref no: 44-18 Saffron Walden 9 Landscapedrawing and number Visual revision North Street MK9 2AH T 01908 303701 Landscape and Visual13.09.2017 title Figure 5 drawn by PROW 200_2 Byway Ref no: 44-18 K E Y E G Public Right of Way W www.enplan.net NTS Landscape and VisualLand at Shire Hill Farm, (Location of wider viewpoints) checked B194 Nazeing Road Nazeing Local Footpath Ref no: Public Right of Way (Location of wider viewpoints) checked Public Right of Way 9 Public Right of Way date SS DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 Thaxted Road Damson (Location of wider10 viewpoints) checked Public Right of WayT 01908 303701 8 Footpath Ref no: 44-36Church Byway Ref no: 44-18 title drawn by RH Amenities Land at Shire Hill Farm, Saffron WaldenLandscapeRH DO NOT and SCALE Visual FROM13.09.2017 THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 MiddleSite Street BoundaryNo. 61 H W www.enplan.net Footpath Ref no: 44-36 Cottage date RH Figure 5 Public Right of Way D FootpathThaxted Road Ref no: 44-37 Public Right of Way Public Right of Way 10 SS (Location of wider viewpoints) Farm Saffron Walden checked DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 5 C Byway Ref no: 44-18 project scale Landscape13.09.2017 and Visual drawing number revision North Street 9 Footpath Ref no: 44-36 drawing number title revision drawn by DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Footpath Ref no: PROW 200_2 drawing number RH Public Right of Way NTS revision DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Footpath Ref no: Public Right of Way (Location of wider viewpoints) checked F Public Right of Way 9 project scale title drawn by SS PROW 200_1 2 Public Right of Way Fernbank Shooters Drive North Street Footpath Ref no: 44-36 Byway Ref no: 44-18 Land at Shire Hill Farm, LandscapeRH drawing and number Visual revision Location of Site Views NTS Public Right of Way date SS Figure 5 Highland Road 8 Public Right of Way 10 Elizabeth Close D NurseryThaxted Road Public Right of Way Figure 5 (Location of wider viewpoints) checked Byway Ref no: Footpath Ref no: 44-18 Saffron Walden Hillgrove Landscape and Visual13.09.2017 Figure 5 Footpath Ref no: E G Fernbank Nursery, PROW 200_76 drawing number 9 date Public Right of Way Footpath Ref no: 44-36 (Location of wider viewpoints) revision RH checked DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Business Park PROW 200_14 F Lower Nazeing DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 H Shooters Drive 20.10.2017Western Road Footpath Ref no: 44-36 title drawn by RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Location of Wider Viewpoint B drawing number revision Maplecroft Lane Public Right of Way SS Lake Road C AHighland Road J Figure 5 title drawn by Byway Ref no: 44-18 Landscape and Visual DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Nursery 4 E G drawing number revision Fernbank SS Public Right of Way (Location of wider viewpoints) checked North Street K Landscape and Visual DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTFigure AL100035542 5 H Footpath Ref no: 44-36 RH Nursery (Location of Viewpoints and checked Public Right of Way revision date description dwn chkd
Public Right of Way Footpath Ref no: Figure 5 C Green Langley Lea ValleyHillgrove Park- Nursery Road L Site Appraisal Views) PROW 200_76 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 PROW 200_26 RH Footpath Ref no: drawing number revision 6 ClaytonBusiness Hill Car Park Park Gloucester House, Fernbank 1 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Public Right of Way 3 Nazeing Western Road B North Street drawing number revision 399 Silbury Boulevard
NurseryA Primary SchoolJ Public Right of Way Milton Keynes Hillgrove Footpath Ref no: MK9 2AH Figure 5 4 PROW 200_76 St Leonards Road B194 Nazeing Road Nazeing Local Business Park K Figure 5 T 01908 303701 Amenities W www.enplan.net DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542
B Western Road Middle Street revision date description dwn chkd A Green Langley J Nursery Road L DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 4 Gloucester House, 3 1 project scale K 2 Public Right of Way 399 Silbury Boulevard NTS revision dateMilton Keynesdescription dwn chkd Elizabeth Close MK9 2AH Nursery Road Green Langley L Cycle Route 1 Footpath Ref no: Fernbank Nursery, Public Right of Way B194 Nazeing Road Nazeing Local date Gloucester House,T 01908 303701 Lower Nazeing National Long Distance Amenities PROW 200_14 3 1 Middle Street 399 Silbury BoulevardW www.enplan.net 20.10.2017 Milton Keynes MK9 2AH title drawn by B194 Nazeing Road Nazeing Local 2 project scale SS Public Right of Way T 01908 303701 Landscape and Visual Amenities Middle Street W www.enplan.net NTS Elizabeth Close (Location of Viewpoints and Lea Valley Park- Fernbank Nursery, checked No. 61 Footpath Ref no: date Site Appraisal Views) PROW 200_26 RH Footpath Ref no: Clayton Hill Car Park Lower Nazeing 5 North Street 2 PROW 200_14 project scale 20.10.2017 Public Right of Way PROW 200_2 Public Right of Way Nazeing drawing number Footpath Ref no: NTS revision Public Right of Way Elizabeth Close Primary School title drawn by Footpath Ref no: Fernbank Nursery, St Leonards Road date D Lower Nazeing SS Figure 5 9 PROW 200_14 Landscape and Visual20.10.2017 F Lea Valley Park- (Location of Viewpoints and checked Shooters Drive title Site Appraisal Views) drawn by PROW 200_26 RH DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Footpath Ref no: Clayton Hill Car Park Highland Road SS Public Right of Way Nazeing E G Landscapedrawing and number Visual revision Primary School (Location of Viewpoints and Lea Valley Park- checked H St Leonards Road Site Appraisal Views) PROW 200_26 RH C Footpath Ref no: Clayton Hill Car Park Figure 5 Public Right of Way Nazeing drawing number revision Fernbank Primary School DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 North Street
St Leonards Road Nursery Public Right of Way Hillgrove Footpath Ref no: Figure 5 PROW 200_76 Business Park Western Road DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 A B J 4 K revision date description dwn chkd
Nursery Road Green Langley L
Gloucester House, 3 1 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes MK9 2AH B194 Nazeing Road Nazeing Local T 01908 303701 Langley Green Amenities Middle Street W www.enplan.net
project scale 2 Public Right of Way NTS Elizabeth Close Fernbank Nursery, Footpath Ref no: date PROW 200_14 Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017
PROW 200_26 title drawn by Footpath Ref no: SS Public Right of Way Landscape and Visual (Location of Viewpoints and checked Lea Valley Park- Site Appraisal Views) Clayton Hill Car Park RH Nazeing drawing number revision Primary School
St Leonards Road Figure 5
DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 K E Y K E Y K E Y C6- Roydon Farmland Harlow Urban Area C6- Roydon FarmlandPlateau C6- Roydon Farmland Site Boundary Harlow Urban Area Harlow Urban Area Plateau Plateau Site Boundary Site Boundary
A1 - Rye Meads River Valley K E Y A1 - Rye MeadsFloodplain River : Flooded Valley Gravel Pits and Marshes A1 - Rye Meads River Valley A1 - Rye Meads Floodplain : Flooded Gravel Floodplain : Flooded Gravel C6- Roydon Farmland Pits and Marshes Pits and Marshes A1 - Rye MeadsRiver Valley Harlow Urban AreaA1 - Rye Meads A2 - Nazeing Mead River Plateau River ValleyFloodplain Site Boundary A2 - NazeingValley Mead Floodplain River : Flooded River Valley Gravel Pits and Marshes A2 - Nazeing Mead River Floodplain Floodplain Valley Floodplain : Flooded Valley Floodplain : Flooded Gravel Pits and Marshes Gravel Pits and Marshes A3 - Lea Valley Marshes River A1 - Rye Meads River Valley A3 - Lea ValleyValley MarshesFloodplain River : Flooded Floodplain : Flooded Gravel A3 - Lea Valley Marshes River Valley FloodplainGravel Pits : Flooded and Marshes Pits and Marshes Valley Floodplain : Flooded A1 - Rye Meads Gravel Pits and Marshes Gravel Pits and Marshes C7 - Roydon Hamlet C6 - Roydon Farmland Plateau River Valley A2 - Nazeing Mead River C7 - RoydonFarmland Hamlet Plateau C7 - Roydon Hamlet C6 - Roydon Farmland Plateau C6 - Roydon Farmland Plateau Floodplain Valley FloodplainK E Y : Flooded Hertfordshire - Broxbourne Farmland Plateau Gravel Pits and MarshesFarmland Plateau HertfordshireBorough - Broxbourne Council Hertfordshire - Broxbourne C6- Roydon Farmland C7 - Roydon Hamlet Farmland Harlow Urban Area A3 - Lea Valley Marshes River K E Y Plateau Site Boundary C7 - Roydon Hamlet Farmland C7 - Roydon Hamlet Farmland Borough Council Borough Council Plateau Valley Floodplain : Flooded K E Y Plateau Plateau C6- RoydonGravel Farmland Pits and Marshes Harlow Urban Area C8 - Bumble’s Green Farmland Site Boundary C6- Roydon FarmlandPlateau C6 - Roydon Farmland Plateau Plateau C7 - Roydon Hamlet A1 - RyeHarlow Meads UrbanRiver Valley Area C8 - Bumble’s Green Farmland Site Boundary C8 - Bumble’s Green Farmland Farmland Plateau Plateau Floodplain : Flooded Gravel Plateau Plateau Hertfordshire - Broxbourne Pits and Marshes A1 - Rye Meads A2 - Nazeing Mead F1 - A1Holyfield - Rye MeadsRidges River and Valley C7 - Roydon Hamlet Farmland K E Y Valleys Borough Council River Valley K E Y A2 - Nazeing Mead River F1 - Holyfield FloodplainRidges and : Flooded Gravel A2 - NazeingRiver Mead Valley A2 - Nazeing Mead Plateau A1 - Rye Meads River Valley F1 - Holyfield Ridges and Valley Floodplain : Flooded Valleys Pits and Marshes Valleys Floodplain River ValleyFloodplain A1River - RyeC6- Valley RoydonMeads Farmland Floodplain : Flooded Gravel C6- Roydon Farmland Gravel Pits and Marshes Pits and Marshes Floodplain Harlow Urban Area F2 UpshireA2 - Nazeing Ridges Mead and Valleys River Harlow Urban Area A1 - Rye MeadsFloodplainRiver ValleyPlateau C8 - Bumble’s Green Farmland Site Boundary Plateau Site Boundary F2 Upshire RidgesValley and Floodplain Valleys : Flooded River Valley Floodplain Plateau A3 - Lea Valley Marshes River A2 - Nazeing Mead River F2 Upshire Ridges and Valleys Gravel Pits and Marshes Valley Floodplain : Flooded Valley Floodplain : Flooded Floodplain Gravel Pits and Marshes Gravel PitsHarlow and Marshes Urban Area A1 - Rye Meads River Valley A3 - Lea Valley Marshes River A1 - Rye Meads River Valley F1 - Holyfield Ridges and A2 - Nazeing Mead C6 - Roydon Farmland Plateau Floodplain : Flooded GravelHarlow Urban ValleyArea Floodplain : Flooded Harlow Urban Area C7 - Roydon Hamlet Floodplain : Flooded Gravel Valleys A3 - Lea Valley Marshes River Pits and Marshes Gravel Pits and Marshes River Valley A1 - Rye MeadsFarmland Plateau Pits and Marshes Valley Floodplain : Flooded A1 - Rye Meads Floodplain Gravel Pits and Marshes Hertfordshire - Broxbourne River Valley C7 - Roydon Hamlet A2 - Nazeing Mead River C6 - Roydon Farmland Plateau River Valley A2 - Nazeing Mead River C8 - Bumble’s Green F2 Upshire Ridges and Valleys C7 - Roydon Hamlet Farmland Valley Floodplain : Flooded Borough Council Floodplain Valley Floodplain : Flooded C7 - Roydon FarmlandHamlet Plateau C6 - Roydon Farmland Plateau Floodplain C8 - Bumble’sFarmland Green Plateau Plateau Gravel Pits and Marshes Gravel Pits and Marshes C8 - Bumble’s Green Hertfordshire - Broxbourne FarmlandFarmland Plateau Plateau Farmland Plateau A3 - Lea Valley Marshes River C7 - Roydon Hamlet Farmland Hertfordshire - BoroughBroxbourne Council A3 - Lea Valley Marshes River Harlow Urban Area C8 - Bumble’s Green Farmland Valley Floodplain : Flooded Plateau Valley Floodplain : Flooded C7 - Roydon Hamlet Farmland Borough Council Plateau Gravel Pits and Marshes Gravel Pits and Marshes Plateau C6 - Roydon Farmland Plateau C8 - Bumble’s Green Farmland C6 - C7Roydon - Roydon Farmland Hamlet Plateau K E Y C7 - Roydon Hamlet F1 - Holyfield Ridges and Plateau A2 - Nazeing Mead C8 - Bumble’sA3 - GreenLea Valley Farmland Plateau revisionC8 - Bumble’sdate description Green Farmlanddwn chkd Farmland Plateau Valleys Plateau River Valley FarmlandA3 - LeaMarshes ValleyPlateau River C6- Roydon Farmland revision date description dwn chkd Hertfordshire - Broxbourne Hertfordshire - Broxbourne A3 - Lea Valley Harlow Urban Area revision date description dwn chkd Floodplain C7Site - Roydon Boundary HamletGloucester Farmland House, F1 - Holyfield Ridges and Borough Council MarshesValley River Floodplain A2 - Nazeing MeadMarshes RiverC7 - Roydon HamletPlateau Farmland 399 Silbury Boulevard Borough Council F2 Upshire Ridges and Valleys Plateau Gloucester House, Valleys Valley Floodplain Plateau Milton KeynesF1 - Holyfield Ridges and Gloucester House, A2 - Nazeing MeadRiver ValleyValley Floodplain 399 Silbury BoulevardMK9 2AH 399 Silbury Boulevard Floodplain Milton Keynes Valleys Milton Keynes River Valley MK9 2AH T 01908 303701 MK9 2AH C8A1 - Bumble’s - Rye Meads Green River Farmlandwww.enplan.net Valley F2 Upshire Ridges and Valleys Floodplain C8 - Bumble’s Green Farmland W Harlow Urban Area PlateauFloodplainT 01908 : Flooded 303701 Gravel T 01908 303701 Plateau W www.enplan.net F2 Upshire Ridges and Valleys Pits and Marshes W www.enplan.net revision date description dwn chkd A3 - Lea Valley A1 - Rye Meads project scale Marshes River River Valley A2 - Nazeing Mead River Harlow Urban Area1:25000 A2 - Nazeing Mead F1 - Holyfieldproject Ridges and scale project scale A2 - Nazeing Mead F1 - Holyfield Ridges and Gloucester House, F2 - Upshire Ridges Valley Floodplain : Flooded Valley Floodplain Floodplain 399 Silbury Boulevard Valleys FernbankHarlow Nursery,Urban Area 1:25000 1:25000 River Valley Valleys date River Valley C8 - Bumble’s Green Milton Keynes F2 - Upshireand Ridges Valleys GravelF2 Pits-Fernbank Upshire and MarshesLower Ridges Nursery, Nazeing Floodplain MK9 2AH date Fernbank20.10.2017 Nursery, Floodplain Farmland Plateau and Valleys Lowerand Valleys Nazeing date T 01908 303701 F2A3 Upshire - Lea ValleyRidges Marshes and Valleys River 20.10.2017Lower Nazeing F2 Upshire Ridges and Valleys title drawn by 20.10.2017 F1 - Holyfield Ridges C8 - Bumble’sW www.enplan.net Green Valley Floodplain : Flooded drawn by SS F1 - Holyfieldand Ridges ValleysC8 - KBumble’s E Y Farmland Green Plateau Gravel Pitstitle and MarshesLandscape Character title drawn by F1 - Holyfield Ridges SS checked SS and ValleysC7 - RoydonFarmland Hamlet Plateauprojectand Valleys scale HarlowC6 - RoydonUrbanLandscape Area FarmlandAreas Character Plateau Landscape Character Harlow Urban Area RH C6- Roydon Farmland 1:25000 Areas checked checked HarlowF2 Urban- Upshire AreaFarmland Ridges Plateau Areas Plateau SiteFernbank Boundary Nursery, RH RH date drawing number revision Hertfordshire - BroxbourneA3 - Lea Valley and Valleys revision date description dwn chkd Lower Nazeing 20.10.2017 drawing number Borough CouncilMarshes River C7 - Roydon Hamlet Farmland revision drawing number revision C8 - Bumble’s Green Gloucester House, Plateau Figure 6 ValleyC8 - Bumble’s Floodplain Green title drawn by F1 - Holyfield Ridges A3 - Lea Valley Farmland Plateau A1 - Rye Meads River Valley399 Silbury Boulevard revision date description dwn chkd Farmland Plateau Floodplain : Flooded GravelMilton Keynes SS Figure 6 Figure 6 and Valleys A3 - Lea ValleyMarshes River Landscape CharacterMK9 2AH revision DOdate NOT SCALEdescription FROM THIS DRAWING dwn I COPYRIGHTchkd AL100035542 Pits and Marshes C8 - Bumble’s Green FarmlandGloucester House, checked A1 - Rye Meads Marshes RiverValley Floodplain Areas T 01908 303701 Plateau DO NOT SCALE FROM399 THIS Silbury DRAWING Boulevard I COPYRIGHT AL100035542DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 W www.enplan.netRH Gloucester House,Milton Keynes River Valley Valley Floodplain A2 - Nazeing Mead River 399 Silbury BoulevardMK9 2AH Valley Floodplain : Flooded Milton Keynes Floodplain drawing number revision Gravel Pits and Marshes F1 - HolyfieldMK9 2AH Ridges Tand 01908 303701 A2 - Nazeing Mead project scale W www.enplan.net Valleys River Valley 1:25000 T 01908 303701 A3 - Lea Valley A3Figure - Lea Valley 6 Marshes River revision date description W www.enplan.netdwn chkd A3 - Lea Valley revision date description F2dwn - Upshirechkd Ridges Fernbank Nursery, Marshes River Floodplain Valley Floodplain : Flooded date project scale Marshes River and Valleys Lower Nazeing GravelDO NOT PitsSCALE and FROM Marshes THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Gloucester20.10.2017 House, F2 Upshire Ridges and Valleys 1:25000 Valley Floodplain Valley Floodplain Gloucester House, F2 - Upshire399 Silbury RidgesBoulevard project scale 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes Fernbank Nursery, C6 - Roydon Farmland Plateau drawn by 1:25000 C7 - Roydon Hamlet Milton Keynes title MK9 2AH date F1 - Holyfield Ridges MK9 2AH F2 - Upshire Ridgesand Valleys Lower Nazeing Farmland Plateau SS Fernbank Nursery, 20.10.2017 and Valleys Landscape Characterand Valleys T 01908 303701 Harlow Urban Area date T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net Lower Nazeing Hertfordshire - Broxbourne checked 20.10.2017 W www.enplan.net F1 - Holyfield Ridges Areas title drawn by C7 - Roydon Hamlet Farmland RH SS Borough Council drawn by F1 - Holyfield Ridgesand Valleys Plateau title Landscape Character project scale SS project scale drawing number revision checked and Valleys Landscape1:25000 AreasCharacter 1:25000 RH C8 - Bumble’s Green F2 - Upshire Ridges checked F2 - Upshire Ridges C8 - Bumble’s Green Farmland Fernbank Nursery, Areas Fernbank Nursery,Farmland Plateau date RH date Plateau and ValleysFigure 6 drawing number revision and Valleys Lower Nazeing 20.10.2017 Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 drawing number revision DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHTtitle AL100035542 drawn by F1 - Holyfieldtitle Ridges drawn by Figure 6 A2 F1- Nazeing - Holyfield Mead Ridges F1 - Holyfield Ridges and SS and Valleys SS Valleys Landscape CharacterFigure 6 Riverand Valley Valleys Landscape Character DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 Areas checked Areas checked Floodplain DO NOT SCALERH FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 RH A3 - Lea Valley F2 Upshire Ridges and Valleys revision date description dwn chkd drawing number revision Marshes River drawing number revision Gloucester House, Valley Floodplain 399 Silbury Boulevard Harlow Urban Area FigureMilton Keynes 6 Figure 6 MK9 2AH
DO TNOT 01908 SCALE 303701 FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 W www.enplan.net
C8 - Bumble’s Green project scale Farmland Plateau 1:25000 F2 - Upshire Ridges Fernbank Nursery, and Valleys date Lower Nazeing 20.10.2017
F1 - Holyfield Ridges title drawn by SS and Valleys Landscape Character A3 - Lea Valley revision date description dwn chkd Areas checked Marshes River RH Gloucester House, Valley Floodplain 399 Silbury Boulevard drawing number revision Milton Keynes MK9 2AH
T 01908 303701 Figure 6 W www.enplan.net
DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542
project scale 1:25000 F2 - Upshire Ridges Fernbank Nursery, and Valleys date Lower Nazeing 20.10.2017
F1 - Holyfield Ridges title drawn by SS and Valleys Landscape Character Areas checked RH
drawing number revision
Figure 6
DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 View A - Viewpoint taken from the western boundary of the Site looking north east across the site towards the northern boundary
View B - Viewpoint taken from the centre of the Site looking towards the eastern boundary
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH View A & B checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 7 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © View C - Viewpoint taken looking east across the Site towards the eastern boundary
View D - Viewpoint taken from the northern boundary looking south towards the southern boundary
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH View C & D checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 8 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © View E - Viewpoint taken from the centre of the Site looking south towards the southern boundary
View F - Viewpoint taken from the north western boundary of the Site looking across towards the southern and the western boundaries
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH View E & F checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 9 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © View G - Viewpoint taken from the eastern boundary looking north towards the northern boundary
View H - Viewpoint taken from the eastern boundary looking west towards the western boundary
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Views G & H checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 10 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © View J - Viewpoint taken from the south eastern boundary looking west towards the western boundary
View K - Viewpoint taken from the south eastern boundary looking north towards the northern and the eastern boundary
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Views J & K checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 11 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © View L - Viewpoint taken from the south eastern boundary looking west towards the Site entrance and the western boundary.
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Views L & M checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 12 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © Application site
Ja’Mar Glasshouses of Fernbank Nursery
Viewpoint 1 Viewpoint taken looking north towards the Application Site from the access road also known as Langley Green. (Movement Corridor)
Visual Sensitivity Moderate (Users of the Public Highway) Camera Type Nikon D3100 with 35mm lens equivalent Date October 2017
Approx Elevation 28m AOD 1 5m Distance to Site N
W E
S
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Viewpoint 1 checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 13 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © Approximate extent of the Application Site Nazeing Local Amenities No.14 Langley Green Langley Green on Nazeingbury Parade
Viewpoint 2 Viewpoint taken the junction of Langley Green and the B194 Nazeing Road looking north towards the Application Site (Residential and Movement Corridor)
Visual Sensitivity High (Residential) Moderate (Users of the Public Highway) Camera Type Nikon D3100 with 35mm lens equivalent Date October 2017 26m AOD Approx Elevation 2 70m Distance to Site N
W E
S
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Viewpoint 2 checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 14 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © Application site Route 1 Long Distance Cycle Route
Viewpoint 3 Viewpoint taken from the National Long Distance Cycle Route 1 looking north east towards the Application Site (Recreational Corridor)
Visual Sensitivity High (Users of the Public Right of Way) Camera Type Nikon D3100 with 35mm lens equivalent Date October 2017 3 Approx Elevation 25m AOD 230m Distance to Site N
W E
S
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Viewpoint 3 checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 15 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © Application Site
Viewpoint 4 Viewpoint taken from the National Long Distance Cycle Route 1 looking east towards the Application Site (Recreational Corridor)
Visual Sensitivity High (Users of the Public Right of Way) Camera Type Nikon D3100 with 35mm lens equivalent October 2017 Date 4 Approx Elevation 25m AOD 220m Distance to Site N
W E
S
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Viewpoint 4 checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 16 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © Approximate location of the Application site
Viewpoint 5 Viewpoint taken from the National Long Distance Cycle Route 1 looking south east towards the Application Site (Recreational Corridor)
Visual Sensitivity High (Users of the Public Right of Way) 5 Camera Type Nikon D3100 with 35mm lens equivalent Date October 2017
Approx Elevation 25m AOD 220m Distance to Site N
W E
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revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Viewpoint 5 checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 17 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © Application Site
No. 61 North Street
Viewpoint 6 Viewpoint taken from the National Long Distance Cycle Route 1 looking south east towards the Application Site (Movement Corridor) 6
Visual Sensitivity Moderate (Users of the Public Highway) Camera Type Nikon D3100 with 35mm lens equivalent Date October 2017
Approx Elevation 43m AOD 450m Distance to Site N
W E
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revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Viewpoint 6 checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 18 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © Approximate Location of the Application Site
Route 1 National Cycle Route
7 Viewpoint 7 Viewpoint taken from the National Long Distance Cycle Route 1 adjacent to the Fishing Lake looking south towards the Application Site. (Recreational Corridor )
Visual Sensitivity High (Users of the Public Right of Way) Camera Type Nikon D3100 with 35mm lens equivalent Date October 2017
Approx Elevation 25m AOD 320m Distance to Site N
W E
S
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Viewpoint 7 checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 19 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © Application Site
Maplecroft Lane North Street
8 Viewpoint 8 Viewpoint taken from the junction of Maplecroft Lane and North Street looking south west towards the Application Site (Recreational Corridor)
Visual Sensitivity Moderate (Users of the Public Highway) Camera Type Nikon D3100 with 35mm lens equivalent Date October 2017
Approx Elevation 95m AOD 430m Distance to Site N
W E
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revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Viewpoint 8 checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 20 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © Approximate Location of the Application Site
Shooters Drive
Viewpoint 9 Viewpoint taken looking west towards the Application Site from Shooters Drive
(Movement and Residential) Moderate (Residents) Moderate (Users of the Public Highway) Visual Sensitivity 9 Camera Type Nikon D3100 with 35mm lens equivalent Date October 2017
Approx Elevation 50m AOD 360m Distance to Site N
W E
S
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Viewpoint 9 checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 21 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © Approximate Location of the Application Site
Public Right of Way Reference Number: PROW 200_14
Viewpoint 10 Viewpoint taken from the Public Right of Way reference number PROW 200_14 looking north west towards the Application Site (Recreational Corridor)
Visual Sensitivity High (Users of the Public Right of Way) Camera Type Nikon D3100 with 35mm lens equivalent Date October 2017
Approx Elevation 47m AOD 440m Distance to Site N 10 W E
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revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Viewpoint 10 checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 22 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © Approximate Location Nazeing Primary School Public Right of Way Reference of the Application Site Number: PROW 200_14 (Located behind vegetation)
Viewpoint 11 Viewpoint taken from the Public Right of Way reference number: PROW 200_14 looking north west towards the Application Site (Recreational Corridor)
Visual Sensitivity High (Users of the Public Highway) Camera Type Nikon D3100 with 35mm lens equivalent Date October 2017
Approx Elevation 50m AOD 550m Distance to Site N
W E 11 S
revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House title drawn by 399 Silbury Boulevard Milton Keynes SS MK9 2AH Viewpoint 11 checked T 01908 303701 W www.enplan.net RH
project scale drawing number revision NTS Figure 23 Fernbank Nursery, date Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I DRAWING SUBJECT TO © KEY: KEY: Proposed Trees Proposed Trees
Proposed Shrub Proposed Shrub Planting Planting Proposed Area of Proposed Area of Grass Grass Proposed Area of Proposed Area of Wildflower Meadow Wildflower Meadow Public Open Space Proposed Footpaths Proposed Footpaths
Proposed Proposed Tarmacadam Surface Tarmacadam Surface Proposed Block Proposed Block Paved Surface Paved Surface Proposed Block Proposed Block Paving for Parking Paving for Parking Bays Bays Existing Vegetation Existing Vegetation to be retained to be retained
Public Open Parking Court Public Space Open revision date description dwn chkd Space revision date description dwn chkd
Gloucester House Gloucester399 Silbury House, Boulevard Parking 399Milton Silbury Keynes Boulevard MiltonMK9 2AHKeynes MK9 2AH T 01908 303701 Parking TW 01908 www.enplan.net 303701 Court W www.enplan.net
project scale project scale 1:1000 @ A1 1:1000 @A3 Fernbank Nursery, Fernbank Nursery, date date Lower Nazeing 31.10.2017 Lower Nazeing 02.11.2017 title drawn by title drawn by SS Landscape Mitigation SS LandscapeStrategy Mitigation checked checked Strategy RH RH
drawing number revision drawing number revision Figure 24 Figure 24
DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542 DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING I COPYRIGHT AL100035542