9k AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE * * JOURNAL * * While we’ve never seen the statistics, we’ll wager fast in your room, it quietly appears (with a flower and there’s no home in the country staffed with such reti¬ the morning paper on the tray). If you crave in-season nues of valets and butlers, chefs and secretaries, maids or out-of-season delicacies, you'll find them in any of and men servants, as our hotel. That’s why we say the our restaurants. Prepared with finesse and served with New Yorker is "no place like home" — purposely. We finesse.You may have your railroad or air-line ortheatre know that everyone secretly longs for and enjoys the tickets ordered for you and brought to you. You may luxury of perfect hotel service. And you have your shirts and suits speeded back know it is yours at the New Yorker, with¬ from laundry or valet, with buttons sewed out luxurious cost. • It is unobtrusive ser¬ 25^6 reduction on and rips miraculously mended. You may vice, too, that never gets on your nerves. to diplomatic and have all this service by scarcely lifting a fin¬ Everyone—from the doorman to the man¬ consular service ger. • You will find the Hotel New Yorker NOTE: the special rate ager—is always friendly, always helpful— reduction applies only conveniently located, its staff pleasantly at¬ to rooms on which the but never effusive. If you want a lazy break¬ rate is $4 a day or more. tentive, and your bill surprisingly modest.

HOTEL NEW YORKER 34TH STREET AT EIGHTH AVENUE .NEW YORK CITY Directed by National Hotel Management Company, Inc. • Ralph Hilz, President

OTHER HOTELS UNDER SAME DIRECTION: HOTEL LEXINGTON, NEW YORK • NETHERLAND PLAZA, CINCINNATI • BOOK-CADILLAC, DETROIT • THE ADOLPHUS, DALLAS • HOTEL VAN CLEVE, DAYTON CONTENTS COVER PICTURE ‘‘‘Hamilcar” Bridge, near Barcelona When you come to Washington I See also page 504) —or when you want to shop in PICTURE BRIDE Washington—it is quite natural By Winifred Cullum 489 that you should come to CHINA’S DISTINCTIVE CULTURE By John S. Littell 493

THE CORPS OF CONSULAR CLERKS WOODWARD & LOTHROP By Augustus E. Ingram 498 "A Store Worthy of the Nation’s Capital” IMMIGRATION PROBLEMS OF THE PAST 501 10th, 11th, F and G Streets WASHINGTON THE PRINCESS OF THE ALCAZABA By Augustin Ferrin 502

TEN YEARS AGO IN THE JOURNAL 504 Briefly here NEWS FROM THE DEPARTMENT 505 are some notes you will want to PAN AMERICAN COMMERCIAL CONFERENCE 507 make when you NEWS FROM THE FIELD 508 do come — or you do shop — A POLITICAL BOOKSHELF Cyril Wynne. Review Editor 510 LUNCHEON at THE TEA ROOM— “The Last of Free Africa” famous for its delicious food, its refined Reviewed by C. W. atmosphere. “The Economic Literature of Latin ENGRAVING to be done—our Engrav¬ America” ing Shop offers a most excellent service Reviewed by Yale O. Millington —both at home and abroad. FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES 512 CLOTHES—our fashion sections (Third Floor) constantly in touch with all that MARRIAGES, BIRTHS — 515 is new—both from Paris and American OBSERVATION TEST 516 designers.

VALEDICTORY SOMETHING FOR THE CHILDREN By Gelett Burgess 516 —an entire floor, the fourth, devoted to the younger set—and a year-’round Toy MARINE INSURANCE 520 Store. PINKERTON’S SKILL 523 SEE THE STORE FOR MEN—every¬ thing for men, and for women who shop SIDI Bou SAID, VERSE 524 for men. (Second Floor.) ON HAVING FOUR INITIALS By Roy E. B. Bower 526 SOMETHING FOR THE HOUSE— a most complete house-furnishing and SONG OF THE ROLLING STONES 528 furniture service—model apartments and a dozen or more rooms offering the SERVICE VISITORS 529 smartest new ideas in decoration. (Sixth To THE SOO 530 and Seventh Floors.)

I\ MEMORIWI 532 AND GIFTS—the Gift Shop on the Seventh Floor abounds in delightful gifts for everyone. Issued monthly by American Foreign Service Associa¬ tion, Department of State, Washington, D. C. Entered as second-class matter August 20, 1934, at the Post Office, in Washington, D. C., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 485 IMDER B3 FLAGS there is one sign symbolical of quality in petroleum products.

SOCONY-VACUUM OIL COMPANY, INC. and affiliated companies are represented in sixty-three of the sixty-four nations of the world.

486 To ‘•Patronize Our cAdvertisers Is to Insure a Pigger and Petter Journal for Our Service.

INDEX OF ADVERTISERS American Security and Trust Company 513 Bacardi. Santiago de Cuba. - 539 Cathay Hotel—Shanghai - — 539 Chase National Bank —- 536 Continental Hotel—Paris 539 Crillon, Hotel—Paris - ~ 539 Dunapalota Hotel- Budapest —- 539 Federal Storage Company 522 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. 488 France et Choiseul Hotel—Paris - 539 General Motors Export Co. 517 Giro Sales and Service, Inc. 536 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Export Company 521 Grace, W. R., and Company 527 Gude Bros. (.<>. 532 Harris and Ewing ... 532 Hungaria Hotel—Budapest .. . - 539 International Telephone & Telegraph Co. 531 Le Boissy D’Anglas Restaurant—Paris. 539 Manhattan Storage and Warehouse Co. 514 Martinique Hotel 527 Mayflower Hotel 487 Merchants Transfer and Storage Company ... 537 • When visiting this Metropole, The Shanghai 539 beautiful and lively city, Montgomery Ward .—— 524 Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of Amer¬ stay at The Mayflower ica, Inc. 535 where international per¬ Munson Steamship Lines 533 National Geographic Magazine .... 519 sonages reside and great New England Mutual Life Insurance Co. .... 532 events occur. New Yorker Hotel II Cover Pagani's Restaurant—London 539 • Rates are no higher Palace-Ambassadeurs Hotel—Rome _ 539 than at less finely appoint- Pan-American Airways, Inc. . 514 Park Hotel Shanghai 539 d hotel Plaza Hotel 523 Powhatan Hotel 533 Single Rooms from $4 Rockefeller Center III Cover Double Rooms from $6 Sapp. Earle W.. < .1.1 .... 532 All with bath, of course Savoy-Plaza Hotel 523 Sea Captains’ Shop—Shanghai 539 Security Storage Company of Washington 513 Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc. 486 The MAYFLOWER Strasbourg, Restaurant Brasserie de—Marseilles „ 539 WASHINGTON, D. C. Tyner, Miss E. J. 532 Underwood Elliott Fisher Company...... 525 United Fruit Company 515 l nited States Fidelity and Guaranty Company 527 POLLIO United States Steel Products Co. . 535 von Zielinski, Carl M. J. 536 Manager Waldorf-Astoria Hotel IV Cover Willard Hotel _ 515 Woodward and Lothrop 485

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By WINIFRED CULLUM

IT was a Heaven-sent morning in Honolulu, then remembered to attend to her husbands early enough so that the sun was not too coffee, before letting her glance wander back to bright on the face of the water. The Eltons were the grounds, still puzzled. She could discover having breakfast as usual on the lanai. Later, no one, either behind the tall fringe of poinsettias even the thick tropical foliage of the well-kept out by the scarlet hibiscus hedge, or under the grounds—pride of the young Japanese gardener, great banyan tree. Takai -was not sufficient screen from the glare. “Teena, where is Takai?” she inquired, turn¬ Mrs. Elton, looking very American in her ing at last to the maid. yellow silk sport dress, sat by the coffee urn, Teena bowed politely before answering, her her graceful hands automatically filling her hus¬ smile not quite as sunny as usual. “He very band’s coffee cup. She took a pitcher from the sorry. This morning I think go to town. Sister maid’s tray at her elbow, looked over the lawn, send word. Come back tonight, all right, he say.” poured cream on the luscious figs before her, Mrs. Elton nodded. When Teena had gone in-

Photo by Eleventh Photo Section. A. C., Wheeler Field, T. H. WAIKIKI AREA AND DIAMOND HEAD, HONOLULU 489 Photo by Eleventh Photo Section, A. C., Wheeler Field, T. H. HALEMAUMAU AT NIGHT, KILAUEA VOLCANO side for more toast Mrs. Elton turned anxiously Mrs. Elton was overcome. Teena was such a to her husband. “What do you suppose has pretty little thing, no bigger than a child, that happened, between them?” it was impossible to scold her. She looked, in John Elton laughed good naturedly. He was a her native costume, more like a picture than a big blonde man, never worried over details, who real person. Even her tears, glistening on her always expected everything to turn out for the smooth brown cheeks, did not make her appear best. less doll-like. “Why should anything have happened? They “Why go, Teena? If it’s because you and arc madly and devotedly in love—more so than Takai want to marry, you can stay here all the any two Japanese I have ever seen.” same.” Mrs. Elton was not reassured. “It’s the first Teena shook her head. “Takai no can marry time in three months, or more, that he has not me now. His family no like, for I all time live been puttering with the flowers about the house in Honolulu. I born there.” She heaved a great while she is serving breakfast, smiling at her, sigh and wiped her eyes with the long sleeve of trying to make her laugh.” her bright blue and white cotton kimona. “His “Nonsense.” Mr. Elton spoke as if that con¬ mother in Japan send wife, picture bride, you cluded the matter, rose from the table and know. Before he never see.” kissed his wife, preparatory to going down town. “But that is dreadful, when he loves you!” Teena reappeared with the morning paper and Teena gave a hopeful smile. “Maybe Takai his hat. fix. He say more better I go back to my father “Thank you, Teena. I don’t know how we now. Then he tell his sister, Muki, he no like ever managed without you. Don’t leave us with¬ me any more. She write mother in Japan no out warning, like Takai.” send wife from there ’til Takai save more money. Teena bowed and shook her head, smiling. But By an’ by, two, three months, he come to my Mr. Elton had scarcely gone through the house father,” Teena’s eyes gleamed coquettishly, “an’ and out the front door before Teena burst into we make marry before picture bride come.” tears and broken, half-articulate sentences. “I “I don’t want you to go,” said Mrs. Elton, regis¬ very sorry. Today I go away, no come back.” tering her protest, however futile it might be. 490 “I very sorry. I no want to go. Long time I these visits occurred. No wonder! Mrs. Ellon stay here.” Teena bowed carefully between each thought, as she recalled Muki’s spending last remark as she folded and unfolded her small Sunday with Takai — probably delivering the brown hands and smiled, as a polite Japanese family ultimatum. will in any situation requiring tact. “Takai come After luncheon, served by Teena in a silence back tonight. He take care everything.” Teena’s which Mrs. Elton did not break, so useless seemed ready smile abruptly faded. any words—at least English ones—Teena dis¬ Then it was that Mrs. Elton saw that she was appeared. capable of real emotion, after all. Evidently the As it drew near dinner time Mrs. Elton began thought of Takai coming back as usual, and she to wonder if Takai were coming back. It was not there, saddened her. But she recovered herself. too discouraging, to lose a good gardener and “Pretty soon, maybe, 1 come back, two, three such a helpful maid as Teena, both in the same month. You want me again?” She was a child day. She felt that there was something beneath again, her bright black eyes fastened in inquiry the surface of Teena’s remarks that she had on her mistress. missed. She feared for Teena, that the influence “Of course,” Mrs. Elton answered wearily. of Takai’s family would separate him from her, “Only 1 wish you did not need to go at all.” so strong was the habit of centuries of obedience Teena’s expression became roguish. “Today in such matters. He had been away from Japan Muki come. You say, ‘Teena go home, no come less than a year, under the surveillance of Muki, back. You think her father make marry another who represented parental authority by proxy. It man. ” She laughed delightedly at the thought would take an American, pioneer sort of courage of fooling the staid Muki. to withstand her dictates. Mrs. Elton was ap¬ Mrs. Elton could not help smiling, too, re¬ prehensive (well as she knew how much Takai calling Takai’s dignified, middle-aged sister who loved Teena) that Takai had scarcely had time came over on formal occasions to lecture her to acquire so revolutionary an attitude against lighter hearted, younger brother. He was becom¬ the established order. ing too Americanized to suit her ideas of Japan¬ Mrs. Elton wandered out to the kitchen to see ese propriety. Teena always disappeared when if the cook had started dinner, or had any word

LAVA ADVANCING UPON HOOPl LOA LANDING, FROM MAUNA LOA. THE LAVA FLOW IS 50 FEET IN HEIGHT AND 1,500 FEET IN WIDTH. Photo by Eleventh Photo Section, A. C., Wheeler Field, T. II. JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL of the trend of events. A sudden dread that he interminable hours, while Muki and her friends might be leaving hastening her footsteps, she searched for the errant groom-to-be. Teena at least almost collided with Muki, in rapid and excited had her father’s home to go to, and perhaps the conversation with him. All Japanese dialogue, consciousness of Takai’s love to sustain her. Mrs. Elton reflected, sounded more or less like “She on boat. No can get off, sore eyes.” heated argument to the uninitiated American ear. Muki stuck a plump forefinger in her own eye to She was unable to guess whether the occasion illustrate. “They send back to Japan three, four demanded sympathy or rejoicing until Muki month. Maybe all well then.” But Muki could turned and began to talk to her in English. not forget Takai’s unexplained defection for long, “Good afternoon, Mrs. Elton.” Muki bowed even in the plight of the poor little girl with with ceremony. Though the heavens fell she trachoma. “Takai, don’t know. He no come to see. would always be punctilious. “Takai you no see By and by Muki scold Takai. He ver’ bad boy.” today, cook say?” After Muki departed Mrs. Elton went back to “No, I haven’t, Muki. But I hope he will be sit on the lanai. Her husband was unusually late back in time to serve dinner, I am expecting tonight. And she had so much to tell him. She guests.” did feel sorry for the young girl who had made Muki shook her head, in evident perplexity. that long unpleasant trip in vain. Yet how much “Takai ver’ bad boy. Today boat come from worse if she had passed the quarantine, only to Japan, bring bride for Takai. I tell he Sunday, find no husband. Her particular Japanese deity but he no come to boat.” must have been looking out for her future happi¬ Astonished, Mrs. Elton gasped. He had known ness to have saved her that ignominy. then, and not told Teena. Poor girl! She would The sun was setting in a shimmering glow of be waiting a long time for Takai to come to see rose and gold, and the shadows in the garden her father. “Why, I thought . . .” Mrs. Elton made it a place of unfamiliarity and mystery in broke oil, afraid of away Teena’s confi¬ the fleeting twilight. dence, changing her remark into a question: Two figures gradually emerged from the shad¬ “Where is Takai?” ows, limned against the horizon and the sea, as “Teena a bad girl. I think Takai go with she.” they crossed the path. They came forward slow¬ Then Mrs. Elton remembered what Teena had ly, with much stopping to whisper, and subdued asked her to tell Muki. If it would save Teena’s giggling. They grew unmistakably familiar. At last pride any she was willing to make the effort. they stood on the bottom step before Mrs. Elton. “No, I think not. Teena go home to her father. Takai held Teena’s hand clutched tightly in his I think marry another man.” own, as if afraid she might run away. His face was Muki looked politely surprised and entirely even rounder than his sister’s, but his smile was in¬ incredulous. No American could change her finitely more engaging. He was quite young. Teena opinion of Teena, or her interpretation of her was smiling, too, but clutched a fold of her long brother’s behavior. sleeve, as if there had been the need of wiping away “B u t where recent tears. is the pict , ■ Takai waved I mean the his other hand bride from Ja- dramatically as p a n ?” Mrs. he bowed low. Elton awk¬ “Teena, I make wardly broke marry this day.” the rather long Teena bowed pause that had very low. Then, followed her re¬ demurely drop¬ mark in Teena’s ping her eye¬ behalf. A vision lashes, she mur¬ came to her of mured, “Takai the poor little find my father.” traveler, u n - “Now no can conscious cause marry picture of all the diffi¬ bride.” A look culty, sitting on of crystalline the dock, or ingenuousness more likely Photo by Eleventh Photo Section, A. C., Wheeler Field, T. H. overspread his standing, for SUNSET ON THE WAIANAES happy face. 492 China's Distinctive Culture

Address by CONSUL JOHN S. LITTELL

THE TEMPLE OF HEAVEN, PEIPING

BEFORE venturing to discuss such a formid¬ namely, humanity or benevolence (fH) ; a funda¬ able subject as China’s distinctive culture, mental character containing within itself a world of permit me to set forth such qualifications as I philosophy. have for attempting to do so. I was born in the I now come, with all due deference, to the next provincial capital of Wuchang, which means “mili¬ radical—that of woman. Appropriately enough, tary splendor”—a walled city on the Yangtze whoever invented the Chinese language could River where the revolution which drove out the think of no better way to express goodness or Manchu dynasty occurred when I was eight years excellence than by putting together a woman and old. I lived in China until I was sixteen, and have a child. Tlie many characters using the female returned twice since then: for three years in Central radical may give an idea of the traditional Chinese China and for two years in the North. I have been view of woman; these characters may be divided away from China for nearly five years, which is one into: ideas of beauty, delicacy, or grace; those of reason why I have chosen to discuss a subject which marriage and motherhood; and those of docility, is timeless rather than strictly up to date. submissiveness, and even slavery. The radical I for child is used in the character for filial piety; this term, which cannot be exactly translated into To me, the most remarkable feature of China’s English, includes the basic Chinese principle of culture is the written language. A typical Chinese family unity, which is carried even to the extent character is made up of two parts: the radical, of ancestor worship. which often gives a clue to the meaning, and the phonetic, which frequently indicates the sound. I You may he interested in a few examples of the shall illustrate the use of some of the simplest many uses made of radicals indicating parts of radicals which, besides being of interest in them¬ the body. The radical for eye ( g) is used in the selves, give an idea of how the ancient Chinese characters for ideas of looking, looking up to or regarded their surroundings. There seems to he no revering, and even sleep or death. The mouth ( n ) doubt that the language was originally entirely pic¬ is used in characters for eating, calling, and sing¬ torial; while at present—and there has been little ing. The ear is used in characters expressing hearing change since the time of Confucius twenty-four and also in the character for tone; it might be hundred years ago—some of the characters are very explained that since each Chinese character is complicated. Nevertheless, many basic ideas re¬ a single syllable it is necessary to have four or main in almost their original pictorial form. five different tones so as to multiply the number The most elementary idea is, of course, that of of possible sounds. Put three ears together, and the human being ( \) ; all that needs to be shown we have the expressive character for whispering or is the two legs which distinguish him from the gossip. The radical for hand is used in many animals. A man stretching out his arms is the verbs of pulling, pressing, and shaking. Finally, character for large or great ) ; a little more than the heart (,£>) is used in many characters denoting great ( -fc) is, logically enough, too much! When feeling, such as love, anger, and fear; you will see used as a side radical, man is written thus: ( A ). that the idea that the heart is the source of the When this radical is combined with the character emotions is an old Chinese one. for two (~~ I we have something that should ap¬ We turn from man himself to his house. The pear when two or more men are to be considered— radical for door (P1]) would indicate that swinging 493 doors were common; this radical combined with jail; and a sheep—what the Chinese farmer a mouth signifies to ask; with an ear, to hear by thought of the latter is clear from the fact that reputation; and with a heart, depression or the combination of sheep and bigness gives the melancholy. A most important part of the house character for beautiful. It is interesting to note is the roof ( ^ ). A roof with a pig under it gives that the ancient Chinese also had horses and rode the character for home—this being a common situa¬ them, as you will see from the appearance of the tion; a roof with one woman under it, peace and horse radical ($^). This radical is used to indicate quiet; and a roof with a child under it gives us the knight in chess—a game which I believe the the word character itself—this may or may not Chinese invented. refer to the fact that a great deal of time must The ancient Chinese had a radical for tree (). be spent indoors to acquire even an elementary Maybe even in those times trees were scarce, since knowledge of the Chinese written language. only two are combined to make a forest. The sun Around the house there is usually a field (fj]). rising behind a tree () is the character for East. This radi- C h a r a c- c a 1 c o m- ters with bined with the tree the one for radical strength de¬ show some notes mas¬ of the things culinity. which the Most inter¬ Chinese esting tome made of about the wood: pil¬ field radi¬ lows, cards, cal is that and the it is used in heavy the charac¬ wooden ters for vil¬ collar lage, fron¬ called tier, and the cangue even world; which was in other fastened words, if around the ancient the necks of C h i n e s e law break- thought of e r s. The peace in most useful terms of his Chinese home, he tree was, of likewise course, the thought of the world in terms of his field. bamboo I ff) ; this was used, judging from charac¬ Equally important were the elements—sun, ters containing the radical, for chopsticks, musical moon, and the rain. The sun (0) is beautifully instruments, including flutes and organ reeds, combined with the moon (bj ) to denote brightness brooms, and finally the brushes with which the (Hfj l. The most interesting modern feature of the Chinese write their own characters. rain radical is its use in the characters indicating These pictures, besides being interesting in thunder and lightning and hence electricity; this themselves, may be used to indicate certain char¬ character is used in combinations to indicate such acteristics of the people who invented them; their innovations as tramways, electric lights, telegraph simplicity and practicality as well as their pre¬ and telephone, and even the “movies.” dominantly agricultural nature and consequent The farmer had his cart—the radical ( fjT ) shows tendency to look at the world from a strictly lim¬ how it looked from above—and that it had wooden ited viewpoint. The written language is a bond wheels can be inferred from the fact that three of unity for all literate Chinese, since while the carts are combined to give the character for a characters may be pronounced differently, they roar or loud noise. He had a cow—this radical have exactly the same meaning throughout the forms part of the character for the “pen” or country. On the other hand, unity is hindered by 494 the variety of dialects, so that persons from dif¬ These sayings, which have become proverbs, ferent parts of the country are often unable to show, I believe, the same traits that are shown by talk to one another. Still more serious is the the structure of the language, especially practical¬ length of time required to learn even the one thou¬ ity and limited viewpoint. The idea that all within sand characters which the present “mass education the four seas are brothers is only apparently an movement” considers the absolute minimum; for exception; China called itself “the Middle Coun¬ this reason a system of strictly phonetic writing try” and regarded itself as being surrounded by has been proposed four seas. However, but has, so far as I the very thought that know, made little all persons within the progress. It would ap¬ only world which the pear that, despite its Chinese themselves drawbacks, the present knew should be broth¬ complicated system has ers, is one worthy of a traditional appeal wider application at to the Chinese which the present time, when makes them loath to the world is found to abandon it. be much larger than II they used to imagine. When we come to From my limited discuss the Chinese knowledge of Chinese classics, or the liter¬ poetry, it is my im¬ ary language in gen¬ pression that its art eral as opposed to the consists in the ex¬ spoken language, we tremes to which brev¬ find a great difference ity is carried, and that between the two. The its chief pleasure is chief delight — and the wealth of associa¬ also the chief difficulty tions conveyed by the —of the literary lan¬ few characters that guage is its brevity. are used, and the ex¬ Here are a few typical ercise of the imagina¬ maxims which illus¬ tion over the details trate this character¬ which are omitted. istic as well as the The beauties of nature philosophy of the clas¬ furnish a never end¬ sics: “The people are ing theme for Chinese of importance, not the poetry; you may have sovereign.” This ap¬ heard the story of the parently modern sen¬ death of China’s great¬ timent was uttered est poet who in a some twenty three hun¬ state of ecstasy in- dred years ago by duced by wine Mencius, a democrat drowned himself while and an original think¬ trying to embrace the er. It is composed of reflection of the moon only six characters. SUMMER PAL ■ACE, JEHOL in the water. Another “What you wish frequent source of in¬ not done to yourself, do not to others.” This spiration has been the beauty of women, and it is well known maxim of Confucius, who claimed my belief that the influence of women on Chinese to be only a transmitter and codifier and not an culture here found its highest expression. original thinker, requires eight characters. The influence of the Chinese classics has been “All within the four seas are brothers.” This extraordinary, both because they were what we most famous of Chinese maxims was said, I be¬ would now call “required reading” in the schools lieve, by a little known philosopher, and likewise and because civil service positions, even that of requires only eight characters. Governor of a Province of the Empire, were ob- LAMA TEMPLE, PEIPING

tamable only after a long and exacting examina¬ language of the people. This movement is bound tion in them. This absorption in the past pro¬ to have a tremendous educational effect; on the duced, of course, an extreme conservatism and in¬ other hand, it may partially replace the difficult difference to modern science and inventions, but it and condensed literary style of the Chinese clas¬ also compelled the opinion that the scholar is sics. the highest class in society; our English saying Ill “a gentleman and a scholar” was an idea literally My knowledge of Chinese painting is second taken for granted by the Chinese. hand—being derived from my wife, who had the A particularly significant fact about the influ¬ privilege of taking a few lessons from a cultured ence of literature in China was the respect for the scholar. Here the same principle as in literature written word. Scraps of paper were never thrown seems to apply; namely, only the essential strokes around carelessly; they were carefully, almost are made, and the complete thought of the artist reverently, treated. It will, I believe, be a long must be inferred from them. Another principle time before China—or, I should say, any other enters in: that of stylization; for instance, wher¬ country—develops a new literature which will be ever a tree, a rock, or a wave is to be depicted of such deep and enduring influence. this must be done in a certain way. There is even Before leaving a standard order in the subject of Chi¬ which a picture nese literature, I must be painted; should mention that for example, in novels, which were landscapes rocks formerly not con¬ are put in first, the sidered a high type explanation for this of writing, have re¬ being that they rep¬ cently become resent the earth, popular. Still which is fundamen¬ more significant is tal. The criticism the “New Thought” may be made that movement begun by such a system must a young modern kill all originality; Chinese phi¬ but, to my mind, it losopher, who had is the purpose of the revolutionary every artist to con¬ idea that literature vey to others, by should be written THE DRAGON SCREEN IN THE WINTER PALACE means of the ac¬ in the everyday GROUNDS, PEIPING cepted forms, his 496 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL own very personal point of view', his success being Chinese drama. I shall never forget a scene from measured by the beauty of the conception as a a play produced by China’s greatest actor in a whole. theater outside the walls of Peiping (formerly It is interesting that writing, which is also done called Peking). As always he was a beautiful with a fine brush, is likewise an art in China, and woman with a slender form and graceful hands. that Chinese characters may he given an intrinsic This particular scene was a dance on the moon, beauty which adds to the pleasure of reading and the use of multi-colored floodlights, while a them. Here again, there is stylization; each little startling, actually enhanced the artistic effect. Chinese character has a fixed number of strokes, IV and these strokes must always be written in exactly The Chinese are famous for the care and per¬ the same order. This art of writing is gradually fection of their hand work. T heir pottery is lov¬ giving way to the printing ingly shaped on the wheel, press, where each charac¬ fired with precision, and ter is cut from an individ¬ accurately painted with ual wooden or steel block, untiring detail, so that the and I have even heard of finished porcelain — sig¬ a Chinese typewriter, which nificantly enough called must be a contrivance of “china”—is a joy to be¬ awe and wonder. hold. Their sculptures, The Chinese theater, too, whether carved from mar¬ is conventionalized and re¬ ble or jade or cast in duced to essentials. There bronze, have the same per¬ is no attempt to make the fection. Here again styliza¬ scenery look realistic, and tion enters in, as in the properties are moved on shape and arrangement of and off without detracting dragons or griffons. in the slightest from the The most perfect archi¬ dramatic effect, once their tecture in China which I purpose is understood. Ac¬ know, was developed by tions like climbing non¬ the Manchus, a related existing stairs, riding a tribe which quickly ab¬ wooden stick with a horse¬ sorbed Chinese culture. hair tail, or a corpse ris¬ The Altar of Heaven out¬ ing and climbing into his side Peking is entirely of coffin, must be done in the white marble, arranged in accepted manner. The cos¬ a series of circular plat¬ tumes besides being gor¬ forms, each with an ex¬ geous, have their own quisitely carved marble meaning; certain feathers railing, and all in mathe¬ on the head-dress indicate matical proportion. The foreign barbarians, or from nearby Temple of Heaven, the color of the mask or on the other hand, is face paint we can tell notable for its magnificent when a man enters whether he is a benevolent colors; its roof is of deep purple tiles, and around deity or an evil demon. its circular interior stand red lacquered pillars, The singing and dancing on the stage must also the ceiling being intricately decorated with many follow a standard form. Women’s parts, as in bright shades. The palaces in the Imperial and the time of Shakespeare, are always taken by men, Forbidden cities have proportions like the temples who sing in a high falsetto which is hard for the of the ancient Greeks; their gracefully curved foreigner to appreciate. Chinese music, which I roofs are of chrome yellow tile, on the corners of believe is written in a five tone minor scale, seems which crouch tiny gargoyles, with tinkling bells flat and monotonous to us at first. In all these below. arts the pleasure consists in so handling the ac¬ Even today work given to a Chinese craftsman, cepted media as to give the w’ell trained audience whether the material be of silver or ebony, is per¬ highest artistic pleasure. formed with incredible perfection of detail. In

Inevitably modernism is creeping into the (Continued to page 525) 497 The ( «rp§ of Consular Clerks

By AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM, Consul General, Retired

THE reform movement of the American Con¬ year. A. G. Gill, appointed Consular Clerk on sular Service had its commencement at a November 7, 1866, was made Consul at Rheims much earlier date than is now commonly rec¬ six months later. Lorenzo M. Johnson, appointed ognized. Though the early attempts proved ap¬ Consular Clerk on September 12, 1867, became, parently unsuccessful they are of particular in¬ after serving in Palestine, Consul General at Bei¬ terest, and especially so as they are linked with rut, July 13, 1870. None of these officers was the history of the Corps of Consular Clerks. From able to retain his position w'hen a change of ad¬ that corps there graduated during the years not ministration occurred, and this lack of perma¬ only a considerable number of Foreign Service nency had a deterrent effect upon the other Con¬ officers now holding high rank, but also many sular Clerks, and the records thereafter do not officers now deceased who did much to build up a show any others who ventured to accept a prin¬ Service spirit of high devotion. It is with the cipal office; they either continued to hold sub¬ desire of perpetuating the memory of this latter ordinate positions or else resigned through dis- class that the following notes are written. heartenment at having to continue indefinitely on One would not be unmindful of the high ideals so meagre a salary. for the Service entertained by Thomas Jefferson There were many Consular Clerks, however, who and the other early American statesmen but it continued to labor on, and ways and means was only in 1856, during the presidency of Frank¬ were found to supplement their small salary. Some lin Pierce, the Secretary of State being William received a share of the fees for the notarial L. Marcy, that by the Act of August 18, 1856, en¬ work they performed, for in those days the no¬ titled “An Act to regulate the diplomatic and con¬ tarial fees were considered unofficial and wrere not sular systems,” the President was authorized to turned over to the Government but retained by appoint 25 consular pupils at salaries not to ex¬ the principal officer; those Consular Clerks who ceed $1,000 a year, such officers to be examined were commissioned as Vice Consuls had the op¬ before their appointment and then to be assigned tion of receiving in lieu of their consular clerk to consulates in the discretion of the President. salary, half of the salary of the principal officer Congress, however, refused to appropriate the when the latter was absent from his post, unless amount necessary for the salaries, and at the they signed a waiver of such; while in some cases next session repealed the section of the act au¬ Consular Clerks at times acted as Consular Agents thorizing the appointments. and received in that way a share of the fees col¬ In 1864, during the presidency of Abraham lected. Lincoln ( William H. Seward being Secretary of In going over the roll of Consular Clerks, it is State), through persistent effort on the part of the sad to note the number of resignations or deaths President and friends of reform in Congress there at their posts. It is unfortunately not possible was included in the Act of June 20, 1864, a sec¬ at this date to give particulars of all who ren¬ tion making appropriation for the diplomatic and dered extended and faithful service, but men¬ consular service, creating a corps of thirteen Con¬ tion is here made of some who are outstanding sular Clerks with salaries of $1,000 a year, who or still fresh in memory: were not to be removed except for cause stated in An interesting appointee in the early days was writing and submitted to Congress. In 1874, Joseph A. Springer, in 1870, whose service until during the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant, (Ham¬ his retirement in 1930, was practically always ilton Fish being Secretary of State), the salaries in Habana, where he died in 1934, much lamented of these Consular Clerks were increased to $1,200 by many friends. after five years of service. Edward P. MacLean, appointed November 18, Appointments to such positions were thereafter 1870, had a long record of faithful service, act¬ made, the first appointee, Louis W. Viollier, on ing as Deputy Consul General first at Berlin, and October 4, 1864, was advanced the following year then for more than 20 years at Paris, where he to be Consul at Lyons. James Wentworth, ap¬ died on January 7, 1903, just as the dawn of pointed Consular Clerk on August 15, 1865, was better days for Consular Clerks was beginning to promoted to be Consul at Moscow7 the following appear. 498 Charles M. Wood, appointed March 24, 1873, liill, the Special Commissioner and Plenipoten¬ served for a while at Pesth, hut was sent to Rome tiary in China in connection with the peace nego¬ in June, 1882, where he remained until his death tiations at Peking. Thereafter he was assigned to on May 22, 1908. He became an authority on Cairo in 1902, but while there he wras taken se¬ the archeological and other history of Italy and riously ill, and while on his way back to the rendered valuable assistance to American visitors United States he died in hospital at Genoa on and students. February 10, 1903. “Hub” Smith, as he was af¬ The next outstanding name is that of George H. fectionately called, was also well known as a poet Scidmore, who was appointed Consular Clerk on and a musical composer, his most popular songs May 6, 1870, and who after serving in Japan from being “A Little Peach in an Orchard Grew” and 1884 in various consular capacities, and later as “Swinging in the Grapevine Swing.” legal adviser to the American Legation at Tokyo, The dean of the corps for many years was Rich¬ was promoted to be Consul at Nagasaki, then at ard Westacott, of Massachusetts, who was ap¬ Kobe, and later at Seoul. Finally he was ap¬ pointed Consular Clerk in November, 1898, and pointed in 1913 Consul General at Yokohama, served as Vice and Deputy Consul General at where he died November 27, 1922. London until his death at his post on January 28, George H. Murphy, of North Carolina, was ap¬ 1922. pointed Consular Clerk June 22, 1886. He served Another distinguished member of the corps was first at Chemnitz, then at Berlin, Hanover, and Maddin Summers, of Tennessee, appointed in Luxemburg. After having been detailed for duty 1899. After serving at Barcelona and Madrid, he in the Department for two years, he was in 1898 was made Consul at Chihuahua, and later at Bel¬ designated to inspect consulates in Central Amer¬ grade, Santos, and Sao Paulo, and finally Consul ica and Mexico (and certain consulates in Ger¬ General at Moscow, where he died under tragic many in 19041, a significant recognition of his circumstances on May 4, 1918. His name is in¬ efficiency in consular work. Later, after the pas¬ scribed on the Tablet of Honor in the Department sage of the Act of April 5, 1906, he was one of of State. the first appointees as Consul General at Large to Hernando de Soto, of California, was appointed inspect consulates, which position he held for Consular Clerk in February, 1902, and after serv¬ eight years; thereafter he was appointed Consul ing at Chemnitz, Dresden, St. Petersburg, War¬ General at Cape Town, and then at Zurich, where saw, St. Gall, and Paris, was appointed Consul at he died October 16, 1924, deeply regretted. Riga, Palermo, and Leipzig, where he died on Another well known member of the Foreign November 4, 1928. Service, who was a Consular Clerk for a short Another appointee was Augustus E. Ingram, time in 1888, was Horatio L. Sprague, later Con¬ who after serving in the Department of Slate was sul at Gibraltar. appointed Consular Clerk in May, 1902. He was William Dulany Hunter, appointed Consular stationed at various posts, and in 1909 was ap¬ Clerk December 13, 1888, had a long period of pointed Consul at Bradford, England, where he service at Liverpool. Paris, Shanghai, Harput served for more than ten years; later he was trans¬ Constantinople, and Cairo. He was also sent on ferred to Havre, France. He resigned from the inspection duty in the West Indies and South Service in 1925 when Consul General at Van¬ America. He was appointed Consul at Nice, March couver. 30, 1907. hut retired in 1920 on account of ill An outstanding member of the corps was Homer health and died three years later. M. Byington, appointed Consular Clerk in March, Edward L. Whitehouse, for many years a mem¬ 1903, and assigned to Naples, his service having ber of the staff of the Department of State, finally commenced there in 1897 under the consulship of became assistant chief of the Consular Bureau. He his grandfather. He wras appointed Consul at was appointed Consular Clerk in 1890, hut de¬ Bristol, England, in 1909, and later at Leeds, and cided the following year that he preferred to re¬ at Hull. He returned as Consul at Naples in 1920 main in the Department. He resigned in Novem¬ and served there until 1929 (being promoted to he ber, 1918, and died in Washington a few years Consul General in 1923), when he was assigned later. to the Department and appointed chief of the di¬ Hubbard T. Smith, of Indiana, was appointed vision of Foreign Service Personnel. In August, Consular Clerk June 24, 1895, after some years 1933, he was appointed Inspector; in early 1935 in the Department of State. He first served at Consul General at Antwerp, and later at Montreal. Paris, then at Constantinople, Osaga and Hiogo Lucien Memminger, now' Consul General at Bel¬ and Canton. While at the last named post he was fast, wTas another Consular Clerk, appointed in detailed in 1900 to serve with William W. Rock- March, 1907. His service commenced at Boma, 499 Congo Free State; thence he went to Naples, Flack, Ernest L. Ives, Eliot B. Coulter. Lowell C. Beirut, Smyrna, Paris, Rouen, and Madras. He Pinkerton. Robert B. Macatee, George L. Brandt. was appointed Consul in 1915 and served at Leg¬ Herbert S. Bursley, Howard A. Bowman, Ernest horn, and then at Bordeaux. In 1931 he was ap¬ E. Evans, Francis IJ. Styles, Carlton Hurst, Leon¬ pointed Consul General and assigned to Belfast, ard N. Green, John J. Muccio, Christian M. Ravn- where he is now serving. dal. Arthur F. Tower, Charles H. Derry, John H. John W. Dye, of Minnesota, was appointed Bruins, Leo J. Callanan, Frederick W. Hinke, and Consular Clerk in July, 1906, and thereafter George Atcheson, Jr. served at Berlin, Genoa, Boma, Smyrna, Damas¬ The following officers, originally appointed as cus, Cape Town, and Johannesburg. In 1916 he Consular Assistants, have now either retired or was appointed Consul and assigned to Port Eliza¬ resigned from the Service after having filled posi¬ beth, and then at Ciudad Juarez, Montreal, and tions of importance: De Witt C. Poole, Tracy Lay, Wellington. He is now Consul at Melbourne. and Roger C. Tredwell. The days of the Consular Clerk Corps were The following officers, who commenced their drawing to a close, and passing hurriedly over the service as Consular Assistants, died while in active few remaining names on the list we come to the service, deeply mourned: Ripley Wilson. Hamilton last appointee, Ozro C. Gould, of Minnesota, ap¬ C. Claiborne, James G. Fiidey, Charles A. Al¬ pointed December 30, 1907, who after serving in brecht, Bernard F. Flale, and (very recently) the Far East resigned from the Service in 1917. Charles E. Allen. During the 43 years of the existence of the Corps In 1908, as before stated, the corps consisted there were, in all, 83 appointees. of twenty Consular Assistants, but by the Act of In the Act making appropriations for the dip¬ March 2, 1909, making appropriations for the lomatic and consular service for the fiscal year next fiscal year, five more Consular Assistants ending June 30, 1909, approved May 21, 1908, were added with a salary commencing at $1,000 schedule C stated that “The Consular Clerks here¬ per annum. The Act of March 3, 1911, for the tofore provided for by law shall, from and after following fiscal year, increased the number to 30. the first day of July, 1908, be styled Consular There was no change made the next year, but by Assistants.” The sum of $18,300 was appro¬ the Act of February 28, 1913, for the fiscal year priated for the salaries of thirteen Consular Assis¬ 1914, the number was increased to 40. For the tants (formerly Consular Clerks) ; and $7,000 for next four fiscal years no change was made, but by the salaries of seven additional Consular Assistants. the Act of April 15, 1918, for the fiscal year 1919, The corps of Consular Assistants thus came into provision was made for 40 Consular Assistants, existence, the first appointments being made on the salaries being as follows: $1,500 for the first July 1, 1908, and among the list of the 116 ap¬ year of continuous service; $1,650 for the second pointees during the sixteen years’ existence of the year, $1,800 for the third year, and $2,000 for the corps are the names of a considerable number of fourth year and each year thereafter. No change Foreign Service officers now filling with distinc¬ was made in the next two fiscal years, but the tion positions in the field and in tbe Department. Act of March 2, 1921, making appropriation for This is a remarkable proof of the utility of a the next fiscal year, reduced the number of Con¬ trained and permanent Foreign Service. sular Assistants to twenty; while for the next The following names of such officers now in three fiscal years (1923, 1924, and 1925) the active service are taken from the list in the order number was cut to fifteen. of their appointment as Consular Assistant; the The reason for this reduction in the number of record of their service is so well known as not to Consular Assistants is found in a new classifica¬ need recital here: tion of Vice Consuls de carriere established in the Homer M. Byington, John W. Dye, Lucien latter part of 1919. The Executive Order of Au¬ Memminger, Bartley F. Yost, Frank Bohr, Alfred gust 26, 1919, amending the Consular Regulations, W. Donegan, Kenneth S. Patton, Charles C. Broy, set up three classes of such Vice Consuls, Class I James B. Young, Ely E. Palmer, Louis G. Drey¬ with a salary of $3,000, Class II with a salary of fus, Alfred Ray Thomson, Hasell H. Dick, Her¬ $2,750, and Class III with a salary of $2,500. Ap¬ bert C. Biar, Harold B. Quarton, Thomas H. pointments were to be made by promotion upon a Bevan. Harry A. McBride, Ilo C. Funk, Charles basis of ability and efficiency as shown in the Roy Nasmith, Leslie E. Reed, Bernard Gotlieb, J. service as Consular Assistants and Students In¬ Klahr Huddle, Quincy F. Roberts, Frank C. Lee, terpreters in the Consular Service who had been Lynn W. Franklin, George A. Makinson, S. Pinck¬ appointed upon examination, and also by new ney Tuck, Rudolf E. Schoenfeld, James J. Murphv, appointment of candidates who had passed a sat¬ Jr., Louis H. Gourley, H. Earle Russell, Joseph isfactory examination for appointment as Consul 500 HE ill T AFRICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

or Vice Consul, as provided in the Executive Or¬ On January 1, 1881, he submitted the following der of June 27, 1906. Appointments as Vice to the Department to substantiate his contentions: Consuls de carriere were commenced in Septem¬ 1. The colony of fifty families shipped to a cer¬ ber, 1919. tain city, and, at that moment, depending on The Act of May 24, 1924, for the reorganization charity for everything to eat, drink or wear. and improvement of the Foreign Service of the 2. The seven hundred and fifty immigrants land¬ United States, and for other purposes, which took ed on December 17, 1880, at New York, effect July 1, 1924, finally swept away the grades without a penny in their pockets, and scarcely or classifications of both Consular Assistants and clothes on their backs. The character of this Vice Consuls de carriere, as such. shipload of penniless strangers was not im¬ proved by the existence of smallpox among IMMIGRATION PROBLEMS them on leaving their native country and the risk to the great city of Newr York of a fear¬ OF THE PAST ful epidemic. THE general impression of persons who think 3. The condition of whole villages of aliens emi¬ about immigration matters at all, is that grating to the United States in a dreadful the necessity for controlling and regulating state of wretchedness and poverty, and likely immigration to the United States arose in post to become a public burden the moment they or late pre-war years, or at the earliest at the landed. The Consul declared these people were beginning of the twentieth century. It may be shipped like coolies and slaves. of interest, therefore, to point out that Consuls 4. The statement of Mr. Stephenson, Commis¬ foresaw the dangers from unrestricted immigra¬ sioner of Emigration, to the effect that six tion and made constructive suggestions for con¬ hundred and twenty-three paupers (foreign¬ trol of immigration many decades before the ers) for whom New York was being taxed wrere problem became so acute as to make legislative in Ward’s Island Hospital. action imperative. In a despatch dated April 1, 1868, a leading 5. The report of Charles Nathan, an Emigration Consul in Europe called the attention of the Commissioner for Louisiana, who, it seems has Department to the fact that it was the practice been making a business of importing paupers. to send paupers and criminals from the country “Of all those I have brought out,” he re¬ where he was stationed to the United States. He marked, “I doubt whether twenty per cent had was informed by the Department that no law a change of clothing of any kind and cer¬ of the United States excluded immigrants on tainly they did not bring among them one account of their poverty or of a mere accusation hundred dollars in cash.” He had, as re¬ without conviction of crimes. ported, shipped to New Orleans more than On October 7, 1880, another Consul wrote a tw’o hundred persons at this time, carrying lengthy letter to a New York newspaper point¬ with them then about fifty cents each. ing out the necessity of regulating immigration 6. According to the census of 1870 the ratio of because of the harm to the country which would insane of a certain nationality, deaf, dumb, and result if so many undesirable immigrants con¬ idiotic in the United States exceeded the pro¬ tinued to be admitted. portion of native Americans suffering from r In a despatch to the Department, dated Decem¬ similar afflictions by about tw o to one. ber 5, 1880, he discussed the admitted inability The belief that the United States is the land of officials to distinguish criminals and paupers of wealth and opportunity still persists in some as such upon their landing in the United States. quarters of Europe in spite of the depression. Concerning this he said : The extensive relief work is in a large measure responsible for this belief. One sentence of a “It cannot be known at the points in Europe Consul of 55 years ago is particularly appropriate where these people start from, and for that rea¬ today for consideration by consular officers doing son, I suggested a system of certificates, visaed visa work. He said “I do not believe that the by consuls, to be secured before the emigrant United States is behind any other nation in deep starts on his journey.” sympathy for these distressed people, but, it must His far-sightedness was poorly received by cer¬ certainly be a matter of grave concern, whether tain newspapers. The Department severely repri¬ the country can act wisely and justly toward its manded him for submitting such views to the pub¬ own citizens, in permitting the unfortunate of lic without taking the matter up through official Europe to become, more or less, a burden upon channels. them.” 501 rjlie [Princess of the Cllcazaba

By AUGUSTIN FERRIN, Consul, Malaga

only by starving out intrepid El Zegri, who refused to surrender as long as he had a rat left to eat. It is not now as grand as the Alhambra at Granada, but it is almost as great and when the projected restorations are completed it will com¬ pete in beauty with the much more famous palace of Alhamar. Already galleries long blocked up are being brought to light, and great gateways flanked by Corinthian columns which the Moors apparently had rescued from the ruins of a Roman palace for¬ merly on the Alcazaba Hill. Of the 70 tow'ers of the original Alcazaba some fifteen remain intact, with occupants who seem to find them quite comfortable. One of these is an MALAGA HARBOR FROM THE old German called Don Jorge, who has long lived GIBRALFARO in a two storied turret, paying 25 pesetas a month BULLRING IN FOREGROUND for his quarters plus a view that the nearby Mira¬ mar Hotel charges more for per diem. Not far from Jorge’s tower is another, hard to find without a professional escort, through a tortuous alley of small houses erected within the Alcazaba’s pre¬ FIE Alcazaba of Malaga is a vast ruined edifice cincts, which my architect friend thinks was once a on a hill immediately over the city and harbor, mosque. It has a splendid “artesonado” ceiling. to which it guides incoming ships as safely as if Recently the Spanish government has purchased there was a light house on it, and connected with a this tower-mosque, and it will be a principal fea¬ higher fort, the Gibralfaro, which, as its Arabic- ture of the restored Alcazaba. It was here that we Greek name signifies, actually did bear a beacon met our Moorish princess, of long, lustrous and (Gibral meaning hill and faro light) in the ancient unbound black hair, with blacker eyes and pome¬ years when Malaga was successively a port of granate mouth and peachy cheeks, who shyly asked Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Visigoths, Vandals us if we would visit her humble home. Humble it and Castillians. was, in a way, but its walls were those of a tre¬ All of the Alcazaba, except one corner built by mendous tower rising five hundred feet above the Visigoths, is Arabic, while the Gibralfaro shows Mediterranean and from its windows one could see the marks of masons of nine different civilizations in the dim distance the Moroccan coast, toward which have worked on it during the 3,500 years which the gaze of more than one Moorish princess that have elapsed since the Iberians began the must have looked, from this very window, with basement. nostalgic longing in the times when the Moors Sometimes independent Moorish kings, the Idrises were recent immigrants to Spain. The princess has and others, dwelt in the Alcazaba; sometimes to carry all the water she uses up those 500 feet of viceroys when Malaga was a part of the kingdom cliff, she enjoys no central heating and Moorish of Granada, for close onto eight centuries, from 711 towers even in Malaga are frequently frigid. when Tarik took it from the lieutenants of Rodrigo, The high Torre de Homenaje, from which flew last Gothic king of Spain, until 1487, when Fer¬ the flag of the Moorish viceroy to welcome visiting nando and Isabel recaptured it from the Moors, royalty from Granada, is badly battered at the top, after five months of assault and siege, and then but will not require much reconstruction to resume 502 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

alert and sagacious than his royal superior and he knew that in the pigeon-coop were birds brought from Granada which would return there immediately if released. So he wrote urgent messages to the King of Grana¬ da and tied them under the wings of birds who flew over the hills to the capital in no time at all: soon a Grenadine army was pouring down the mountainsides and the son of the Sultan of Se¬ villa went back to his father, who chastised him severely for having started something he could not finish. After the reconquest and until quite lately the Alcazaba with the adjacent Gibralfaro were used by the military authorities, and even yet a few officers live “PUERTA DEL CRISTO" ENTRANCE TO ALCAZABA there, though the troops have been transferred to the new and elaborate Campamento Benitez its pristine form. As it stands, it can be seen from outside the city on the road to Gibraltar. But the as far away as Torremolinos, dwarfing the vast bulk of the Aleazaba’s population is of rather cathedral at the foot of the Alcazaba hill. In the low social status, especially on the other side of Plaza de Armas through which one approaches it the hill, away from the purifying salt air of the a large number of Malaguenans have built substan¬ sea, where the police find ample field of action tial houses over the immense cisterns beneath the during the minor revolts which are a feature of plaza which supplied the palace during the innu¬ Malaga politics. merable sieges it has sustained, and in all parts of the Alcazaba are found others, making the whole The Alcazaba is about all that survives of Ma¬ hill a small city in itself. The government contem¬ laga’s Arabic grandeur, except the tower of the plates ousting some of these inhabitants and clear¬ Santiago Church, once the minaret of a Moorish ing away a lot of houses which conceal the old mosque and now a conspicuous landmark of the wall, and perhaps hide many things of interest. The lower city as seen from the eerie heights of the Al¬ workmen are eager to begin the demolition, for cazaba. Reform and progress, enemies of the pic¬ Malaga has always believed in treasure buried turesque, have razed the rest of the old Saracen somewhere about the Alcazaba by El Zegri before city to make room for wide avenues on which he hoisted the white ensign on the Torre de apartment houses are rising rapidly. Homenaje. These new palaces have modern comforts, These treasure stories are rather vague, but the but not the enchantment of the Alcazaba harbors other traditions which approach millenary Moorish palace, and I historic authenticity. One is that of a dissolute have half a mind to prince who so far preferred the delights of the hire a tower, with or harem to the heroism of the field that he was be¬ without a princess sieged by a son of the Sultan of Sevilla and en¬ in it. closed in the Alcazaba before he knew what was happening. Fortunately the grand vizier was more

ALCAZABA FROM THE SEASIDE The window of the second tower from the right is that of the Princess. WILL ROGERS AND WILEY POST The press has dealt at great length with the pass¬ ing of Will Rogers and the intrepid Wiley Post. All that has been said is scarcely adequate to do justice to these Americans. Nor is it possible in this brief compass to do more than record with profound regret the loss to America and to the world of two men, one a “diplomat,'’ the other an PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN aviator, who did much to bring the peoples of the SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. world into closer relationships during a period The American Foreign Service Journal is open to frub scrip- when so many forces were at work to set nation tion in the United States and abroad at the rate of $4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Foreign against nation. Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. This publication is not official and material appearing herein represents only the personal opinions of its authors unless other¬ TEN YEARS AGO IN THE JOURNAL wise specifically indicated. • Consul J. K. Huddle, then of the Department, Copyright, 1935, by the American Foreign Service Association contributed "The First Half Century of the Consulate at Hamburg.” • "Residencia de America,” describing the opening in JOURNAL STAFF Sevilla of a club and cultural center, was submitted by Edward E. Silvers. HERBERT S. BURSLEY Editor PAUL H. ALLINC • G. Harlan Miller wrote of the new Embassy at HOWARD BUCKNELL, JR. - ^Editorial Board Paris. LOWELL C. PINKERTON • Other articles included "Reviewing Grotius in Hol¬ HARRY A. MCBRIDE Business Manager land” by Edward A. Dow; and "Tuba Fishing in the C. PAUL FLETCHER — Treasurer Perak River” by Ernest L. Harris. COVER PICTURE The American Foreign Photo from Consul Lynn W. Franklin Service Association “HAMILCAR” BRIDGE, BARCELONA Legend says that this ancient bridge was built

The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and by Hannibal, in honor of his father, Hamilcar, in voluntary association of the members of The Foreign Service preparation of his march on Rome. of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fos¬ tering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Serv¬ ice and to establish a center around which might he grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHANGES Mr. T. O. Klatli. formerly Commercial Attache Honorary President at Stockholm, has been temporarily assigned to CORDELL HULL .... Secretary of State Copenhagen as Commercial Attache. Mr. James T. Scott, who has been serving as Commercial At¬ Honorary Vice-Presidents tache in Copenhagen for the past two years, is WILLIAM PHILLIPS Under Secretary of Stale being transferred to Washington for duty. Mr. WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State Klath, who has been on temporary duty in Wash¬ ROBERT WALTON MOORE Assistant Secretary of State ington for several months, will sail for his new FRANCIS B SAYRE Assistant Secretary of State post on August 22. SUMNER WELLES Assistant Secretary of State Commercial Attache Merwin L. Bohan sails on August 14, after several months in the States, to JOHN CAMPBELL WHITE President return to his post at Santiago, Chile. DOUGLAS JENKINS Vice-President RUDOLF E. SCHOENFELD Secretary-Treasurer Mr. A. C. Crilley, formerly at Panama and more recently at Habana, has been transferred to Lima, Peru, as Assistant Commercial Attache. He is EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE now in charge of the Lima office as Acting Com¬ T. M. WILSON, Chairman; E. L. REED. Vice-Chairman; mercial Attache during the absence of Commercial J. F. SIMMONS, H. S. BURSLEY, RUDOLF E. SCHOENFELD. Alternates Attache Julian D. Smith. Assistant Trade Commissioner Wilson C. Flake J. F. MCGURK, LOWELL C. PINKERTON will sail on August 16 to return to his post at Sydney, stopping en route at Manila, where he Entertainment Committee: JOHN FARR SIMMONS, Chairman, JULIUS C. HOLMES and DAVID MCK. KEY will remain for several weeks. L. C. Z. 504 News from the Department

The Secretary and Mrs. Hull spent an enjoy¬ Europe, all of South and Central America, as well able three weeks’ vacation at Hot Springs, Vir¬ as nearby stations such as Cuba, Canada, and ginia. They returned to Washington on August 2 Mexico City. Mr. Wilson is using an RCA eight- and both look very fit and well after their three tube all-wave set with a combination phonograph weeks’ rest. and record changer hookup. Among other interesting programs heard by Mr. The Under Secretary, the Honorable William Wilson was a speech by a well known member of Phillips, is spending a month’s vacation at Lobster the Foreign Service in Hamburg introducing the Lake, Maine, and at his home in Beverly, Massa¬ Commander of an American naval vessel to a Ger¬ chusetts. Mrs. Phillips and their two daughters, man audience. Beatrice and Anne, have been spending a month in England and returned to the United States on Mr. Harry McBride and his family left the De¬ the 18th of August. partment on July 20 and motored to Prince Edward Island for a month’s vacation. They were joined Mrs. Wilbur J. Carr recently underwent an op¬ there by Mr. and Mrs. Lowell C. Pinkerton and eration at the Emergency Hospital in Washington. stories reaching the Department indicate that all Her friends in the Service will be happy to learn of the group are concentrating on fishing and golf. that she made a rapid recovery and has left the There are prospects that their friends in the De¬ hospital. partment will hear some pretty tall fish stories, to say nothing of golf stories, upon their return. Assistant Secretary of State Welles sailed from New York on the Berengaria on August 16 for a A recent issue of amendments to the Consular vacation in Europe. He was accompanied by Mrs. Regulations, which was sent out to the field in the Welles and will be away from the Department for usual way, bore a little green cover entitled “Pre- about six weeks. Natal Care.” In spite of explanations that it was all a mistake and that the cover was placed on the Assistant Secretary of State Sayre, accompanied Regulations only as a protective binder, the inci¬ by his daughter, Eleanor, sailed from Boston on dent has caused some speculation and considerable August 5 for a vacation in England. When leav¬ amusement, since FA is known to cover a wide ing the Department, Mr. Sayre planned to take a field hut to our knowledge this subject has for¬ walking trip through the British Isles. He will merly been left to the Department of Labor. return to the Department on September 13. Mr. James C. Dunn, Chief of the Western Eu¬ Chief of Foreign Personnel Thomas M. Wilson ropean Division, entertained a number of news¬ has joined the ranks of the short-wave radio fans paper correspondents at a supper at his home in and, like all the rest of us, is sitting up in the wee Washington on July 29. Other guests included sma’ hours listening for distant stations. To date, the following members of the Department: the he reports reception of the following stations, some Under Secretary of State, Doctor Stanley K. Horn- of which are seldom heard in this part of the beck, Mr. Wallace Murray, Mr. Henry F. Grady, United States: Japan, Hong Kong, Java, all of Mr. Edwin C. Wilson, Mr. Michael J. McDermott, 505 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

Mr. John Farr Simmons, Mr. John U. Hiekerson, motion and maintenance of peace among the nations of Mr. Paul T. Culbertson, Mr. Hugh S. Cumming, the world.” Mr. Vinton Chapin, and Mr. Farmer Murphy. Members of the Social-Economic Union of Cuba called on the Secretary on August 12 and, in in¬ Mr. and Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss entertained troducing members of the Union, the president of members of the State Department at their beauti¬ the body addressed the Secretary as follows: ful residence, Dumbarton, in Georgetown, during “Your Excellency’s policy of international economic co¬ the early part of July. The tennis court and the operation on a reciprocal basis offers the opportunity for beautiful swimming pool were centers of attrac¬ the building of a sound world political economy. Statis¬ tion and the fine exhibition tennis matches were tics of commercial intercourse between Cuba and the United States of America, since the new Reciprocity warmly applauded. Treaty and the Costigan-Jones Act became effective, prove most emphatically that this policy paves the road to pros¬ Syracuse University recently awarded the hon¬ perity. “The very substantial increase in the purchase by Cuba orary degree of Doctor of Laws to the Honorable of agricultural and industrial products of the United Dave Hennen Morris, American Ambassador to States, which has benefitted the American laborer, farmer, Belgium. Harvard Chapter awarded him an hon¬ industrial worker and merchant, is the result of a corre¬ orary Phi Beta Kappa key. sponding increase in the marketing of our goods in your country. It is true, that in order to increase our pur¬ chases of your products, it has been necessary drastically Results of a tennis tournament between members to reduce duties in about 150 schedules in our Customs of the State Department are: E. R. Pierce, of FA, Tariff, but it is also true, that in spite of this sacrifice which has seriously affected several phases of Cuban eco¬ defeated Jack Simmons, Chief of the Visa Divi¬ nomic activities, we have received proportionate advan¬ sion. The final score was 4-6, 6-2, 7-5, and 6-2. tages and thereby in both countries there has been brought a little more comfort and encouragement as to the future, to all classes of society and especially to the humbler and On July 10 the Secretary sent a message to the more numerous ones;—a conclusive demonstration of the World Narcotic Defense Association meeting in excellence of the ‘Hull Doctrine.’ New York in which he stressed the necessity for “In presenting to Your Excellency a booklet relating the enactment by all states of a uniform narcotics the circumstances of its conception, the unimpeachable law. He pointed out that we had enacted all standing of the Cuban people that indorse it, and its ele¬ vated aims and purposes, the 'Union Social-Economiea de possible legislation on the subject, having been Cuba’ (Social-Economic Union of Cuba I takes great plea¬ committed by international agreement to limit the sure in offering you, Mr. Secretary, its sincere adhesion to manufacture, sale, distribution, and use of narcotic your policy, which can be condensed in the beautiful, drugs exclusively for medical and scientific pur¬ worldly and comprehensive word: ‘Co-operation.’ ” poses. He stated that only twenty-four states The Secretary replied as follows: had followed suit and added that constitutional “Mr. Ambassador, Mr. Chairman, and members of the limitations make it imperative that the individual Commission of the Social-Economic Union of Cuba: I states carry on the fight by enacting uniform laws followed with particular interest the formation last winter of the Social-Economic Union, happy to find in another to put “teeth’' in legislation to control the traffic quarter recognition of the mutual advantages that are to in narcotics. be derived from cooperation between nations in economic matters and which so happily are now being derived by the United States and Cuba from the Trade Agreement On July 12, in response to various inquiries of signed last August. newspaper correspondents concerning the Pact of “It is my belief that this Trade Agreement sets an ex¬ Paris, the Secretary of State made the following ample to the world of what can be done to expand for¬ eign trade through the reduction of tariffs and other arti¬ statement: ficial barriers to the free movement of goods. “The Pact of Paris is no less binding now than when it “The world needs a sense of security—political security, was entered into by the 63 nations that are parties to it. economic security, and financial security. There must be By form and designation it constitutes a treaty by and a development of confidence that the instruments of peace, among those nations. It is a declaration by the govern¬ rather than the instruments of war, will be used in the ments of the world that they condemn recourse to war for settling of differences between nations. No less reassur¬ the solution of international controversies, and renounce it ing to the world would be evidences of a desire on the as an instrument of national policy in their relations with part of the peoples of the world to supplant the instru¬ one another. Furthermore, it is an agreement and a sol¬ ments of commercial warfare with the instruments of emn obligation that the settlement or solution of all dis¬ commercial peace. The assurance that the leading countries putes or conflicts among nations of whatever nature or of of the world would join this country in a liberal commer¬ whatever origin shall never be sought except by pacific cial policy, a policy based on the good neighbor attitude means. rather than on the attitude of commercial conflict, would “The United States and the other nations are interested have a tremendously quickening effect on world recovery. in the maintenance of the Pact and the sanctity of the “The trade agreements program sponsored by the United international commitments assumed thereby for the pro¬ (Continued to page 519) 506 A CONFERENCE WITHIN A CONFERENCE Left to right: Messrs. Braden, Hengstler, and Weddell.

Pan American Commercial C onference

THE Pan American Commercial Conference met the delegates were Herbert C. Hengstler, Chief of in Buenos Aires, May 26-June 19, 1935, and the Division of Foreign Service Administration; was attended by delegates from each of the twenty- Consul General Avra M. Warren, and First Secre¬ one American Republics. The conference was tary Raymond E. Cox, Buenos Aires; and Warren called to consider means of improving the eco¬ Kelchner, of the Division of Latin American Af¬ nomic and commercial relations thoroughout the fairs. The advisers for the Department of Com¬ Western hemisphere, and the promotion of freer merce were Commercial Attache Alexander V. Dye, interchange of commodities and ideas among the of the Embassy at Buenos Aires, and Mr. Ralph American Republics. The elimination of obstacles H. Ackerman, Commercial Attache at Rio De which hinder and retard inter-American commerce Janeiro. The adviser for the Department of Agri¬ and communications received much attention dur¬ culture was Mr. Paul 0. Nyhus, Agricultural At¬ ing the conference. tache at the Embassy in Buenos Aires. Mr. Julius The United States was represented by Ambas¬ C. Holmes, Assistant Chief of the Division of sador Alexander W. Weddell, as chairman, with Protocol and Conferences, was secretary of the the Honorable Spruille Braden, of New York, and delegation, and Vice Consul Hayward G. Hill the Honorable Julius G. Lay, our Minister to Uru¬ was assistant secretary. guay, as our other delegates. Mr. and Mrs. Braden, Mr. Lay, Messrs. Hengs- The advisers from the Department of State to (Continued to page 518) 507 News from the Field

BUDAPEST EDINBURGH On the night of July 6th the American Minis¬ The Consulate at Edinburgh became extremely ter to Hungary, Mr. Montgomery, gave a dinner naval-minded for two and a half lively weeks. and dance on board the S.S. Zsofia in honor of On July 22nd, 1935, the United States Navy the Royal Hungarian Minister to the United Training Squadron, consisting of the U.S.S. States and Mrs. Pelenyi, the American Minister to Arkansas and U.S.S. Wyoming, Rear-Admiral Czechoslovakia and Mrs. Wright, the American Hayne Ellis, U.S.N., commanding, anchored just Minister to Austria and Mrs. Messersmith, Mrs. east of the famous Forth Bridge, where they re¬ Joseph E. Davies and Mr. and Mrs. Raymond E. mained until 1.30 p. m. July 1st. Some 800 mid¬ Hackett. shipmen were on board in addition to enlisted At 7:15 p. m. with sixty guests aboard, the personnel and the city was enlivened by their Zsofia left her dock in front of the Hotel Duna- white caps and blue uniforms. Edinburgh has palota and cruised up and down the Danube un¬ had a long and happy acquaintance with the til the early hours. Those who have been in American Navy and the present visit served Budapest know the delights of a night on the greatly to strengthen that association. The be¬ Danube, while those who have not are also for¬ havior of the enlisted personnel and the ex¬ tunate—they can live in hopes! cellent bearing of the midshipmen were re¬ Miss Cornelia B. Bassel, of the Department, peatedly commented upon. Rear-Admiral Ellis and Mr. and Mrs. James E. Henderson motored made a particularly generous gesture in allowing to Budapest from Tallin recently and while in the the public to visit the ships daily from 1 to 5 Queen City of the Danube were the guests of p. m. The ships’ motor boats furnished transpor¬ Consul General and Mrs. James B. Stewart. tation and on the last Sunday of the visit a line of Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Adams are spending waiting visitors on shore extended several hundred several weeks in Budapest. Mr. Adams was for yards from the pier. many years Counselor of the Pan-American Union A feature of the visit was a baseball game and has many friends in the Department and in played by a team from each ship. It wTas at¬ the field. Mrs. Adams has written more than tended by some four to five thousand people and sixty articles for the National Geographic Maga¬ the proceeds were given to the Edinburgh Branch zine. of the Boys’ Brigade, the Senior Youths’ Or¬ ganization of the British Isles. Social activities were numerous and included NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE an official luncheon by the Lord Provost of the city to the Admiral and some of his officers, It may have been the “largest railway cross¬ an afternoon reception by Consul and Mrs. Long¬ ing in the world” (the guide book says so) which year for officers and midshipmen, which was attracted Consul and Mrs. Dudley G. Dwyre to also attended by 150 Edinburgh people, and a Newcastle early in July. We do not know. . . . dinner party given by Consul and Mrs. Long¬ but it was our good fortune to be a port of call year in honor of Rear-Admiral Ellis, Captain for the Executive Officer at London and his wife Coffey, U.S.S. Arkansas, and Captain Hinkamp. en route to Scotland over the Roman Wall in of the U.S.S. Wyoming. Reciprocal entertain¬ their automobile with Judge and Mrs. Fisher. The ments on board the Arkansas indued a luncheon former is associated with the Firestone Tire Com¬ by Admiral Ellis to Consul and Mrs. Longyear pany and recently came to England from Liberia. and Vice Consul and Mrs. Earnest and some of P. C. S. their friends, an afternoon reception and tea 508 dance attended by some 500 Edinburgh people Lieutenant Crowe, were the guests of Consul and. on the last night of the squadron’s stay, an and Mrs. Longyear at a dinner and later during official dinner attended by the Lord Provost of their stay lunched with them. The Commander Edinburgh, Sir William J. Thomson, and Lady entertained Consul and Mrs. Longyear, and Vice Thomson, Rear-Admiral E. J. Hardman-Jones, Consul and Mrs. Earnest to dinner on hoard one R.N., C.B., O.B.E., Commanding Officer of the evening, and had the Longyear children on board Coast of Scotland, members of his staff, and the for another afternoon. Vice Consul and Mrs. Consul and Mrs. Longyear. Earnest entertained the Commander, Lieutenant The departure of the squadron left most plea¬ Crowe, and two other officers, as well as Consul sant recollections, and the kindly cheer and and Mrs. Longyear, to a theatre party with supper jolly companionship of Admiral Ellis and his and dancing afterwards. As with the previous officers during their stay in Edinburgh will long visit the good cheer and unasked helpfulness remain a treasured memory. of everyone connected with the ship made the No sooner had the squadron sailed for Oslo than visit a real pleasure and left a host of memories the Navy’s newest destroyer, U.S.S. Hull (350), —all of them happy ones. Commander Ralph S. Wentworth, commanding, R. D. L. anchored off Leith for a stay of 8 days. Once again excellent conduct of enlisted men and petty officers was the rule. A baseball game was played with a group of American students study¬ BOMBAY ing medicine in Edinburgh and Glasgow, which The number of American visitors to Bombay was attended by over 300 people, an excellent has appreciably declined with the coming of showing since little publicity was possible. Com¬ the “warm” season. mander Wentworth and his Executive Officer,. (Continued to page 533)

T. Tamemasa, Nagasaki STAFF OF THE AMERICAN CONSULATE, NAGASAKI Left to right, seated: Tsunezo Shigyo, Interpreter; C. O. Spamer, Consul: and Glen Bruner, Vice Consul. Stand- nig: Tomio Ikemura, Caretaker: Tokunosuke Omori, Officebov; Kiyoji Iwanaga, Clerk; Sakichi Matsusaka, Gar¬ dener; Kaichi Nanba, Messenger; Yasue Kitano, Charwoman, and “Ginger,” Consular Watchdog. 509 A Political Hooks lie 11

CYRIL WYNNE, Review Editor

THE LAST OF FREE AFRICA. By Gordon Mac- of time for hot heads to cool off, prove to be Creagh. Illustrated. (Second Edition, D. Apple- the defense that may save the country” (page ton-Century Company, New York, 1935. Pp. xxii, 371). One gathers after reading the “Foreword” 372. $4.00.) and the “Epilogue that Mr. MacCreagh has more faith in the “chicka” than he has in the League The timely second edition of this book is de¬ of Nations. scribed on the title page as “the account of an The "expedition into Abyssinia was conducted expedition into Abyssinia with observations on under the auspices of and made by a party of two the manners, customs and traditions of the —the author and Mrs. MacCreagh, “the intrepid Ethiopians with some pungent remarks on the exploress.” Their adventures and their observa¬ anomalous political situation that, at present, tions. with resultant conclusions, are set forth in obtains between this ancient kingdom and the a brilliant manner. Mr. MacCreagh has the gift nations of the world.” The pungent remarks of narrative and he writes with sympathy and un¬ (and they are all of that) are to be found in the derstanding of the Abyssinians. As he remarks, “Foreword” to the second edition (pages vii- there were “a thousand absorbing things to in¬ xii) and the “Epilogue” (Chapter XXIV) which vestigate. A fascinating people. A purely feudal were written in April, 1935. One wonders if the system of government. Slaves who refuse free¬ author would have written them in quite such dom. A ruler who traces his descent direct from an expressive manner if the first edition of his Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. A nation book, published in 1928, had not presented at unique in having maintained its freedom as far the end of its last (XXIII) chapter “a prophecy back as its history reaches. The only people in for Abyssinia. Three things. Some day the ex¬ Africa who have won a war and exacted an in¬ isting problems of Abyssinia will withdraw them¬ demnity from a European power. Witchcraft and selves. Some day the iniquitous arms embargo werewolves. And much that one never learns of will be broken. Some day Abyssinia will have unless one digs very deeply indeed” (page 39). her own road to the sea. The next five years One learns of some of these other things as will show at least the beginning of fulfillment.” one accompanies the “explorers” from Djibouti in With such predictions in the record, the sec¬ French Somaliland to Addis Ababa and in their ond edition contains an additional chapter, “expeditioning” about Abyssinia. “From Dji¬ namely, XXIV, which is the “Epilogue” referred bouti,” the author writes, “it is a three-day rail¬ to. Mr. MacCreagh concedes that his prophecy road journey to get to Addis Ababa” (page 26). made seven years before “looks to be in danger Mr. MacCreagh called it “a leisurely railroad” in of tumultuous refutation. But I am not the only 1928 (page 26). In his “Foreword” he speaks of one who must assimilate the bitterness of disil¬ it as a “strategic railway, the only road into lusionment. Seven years ago the world was quite Ethiopia” (page viii). He writes of “trackless close to the memories of the War to End War. wastes’ (Chapter V), of the “mud-rimmed, flat, The world mouthed splendid and hopeful words— dirty and beautiful Hawash River” (page 66) ; Peace and Reduction of Armaments and Arbi¬ of Galla Land (Chapters VII and VIII) and tration of Disputes and all the other Christmas- Galla spearmen (who at times are inclined to for¬ tree phrases” (page 362). All of which recalls get that they were conquered by Menelek the Balzac’s comment to the effect that the most Lion) and of “Birds and Things” (Chapter IX) disillusioned individual in the world is a dis¬ —the things in question including a “ferocious illusioned idealist. man-eating hippo.” Mr. MacCreagh is not sure Still, many things can happen and, as the au¬ that the hippo was quite so wicked, but he shot thor states after a caustic discussion of the am¬ him after a long hunt “in the center of the fore¬ bitions of several great powers and, incidentally, head and twenty-four hours later he was floating of the manner in which a modern army would belly up. . . . Was the killing justified?” (page wage war over the Ethiopian terrain, the “rainy 131). season .... has gummed up every road and A very interesting chapter (XIV) is devoted form of travel with ‘chicka.’ And it is Ethiopia’s to the question of “Slavery under the League of priceless chicka that may yet by its enforcement Nations.” The author feels that the position of 510 the Abyssinian Government with reference to the countries are included and there is no duplication slavery issue has been misrepresented for va¬ of the 6,244 titles. rious reasons. His analysis of some of these The titles are not annotated, but after each reasons leaves nothing to the imagination. heading there is a critical bibliographical note containing much excellent information, and there Mr. MacCreagh has a high regard for “His is an author index. The entries are brought down Imperial Highness Algaurash Tafari Makonnen,” to the year 1934, the majority of them seeming who took at “his coronation as Emperor the name to be recent, making tbe book a good working Haille Selassie.” This high regard is expressed in list for current economic problems. The format, the dedication of the book to Haille Selassie “in type, paper, and binding could serve as models recognition of His Great Achievements for the for other similar works. Progress of The Ancient Kingdom of Ethiopia.” This bibliography, the first of its kind, was One feels, after reading the book, that the tribute greatly needed and is sure to be a valuable refer¬ paid in the dedication is deserved. ence work. With the publication of volume two, C. W. covering Mexico, Central America, Panama and the Caribbean area, it will be even more valuable. THE ECONOMIC LITERATURE OF LATIN AMERICA: YALE 0. MILLINGTON. A TENTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY. Vol. 1. Harvard University. Bureau for Economic Research in WAR CLOUDS IN THE SKIES OF THE FAR EAST. By Latin America. Cambridge, Harvard University Tom Ireland. Illustrated. (G. P. Putnam Sons, press, 1935, xix, 315 p. New York, 1935. Pp. xix, 452. $2.75.) This bibliography of 6,244 titles, made pos¬ In spite of its title there is nothing sensational sible by a grant of money from the Harvard Com¬ in this book; it is carefully written and presents a mittee on Research in the Social Sciences, was thorough examination of the record of the rela¬ initiated by Mr. Normano, the first editor, and tions between and among the countries of the Far carried to completion by the staff of the Bureau East and those countries having important inter¬ for Economic Research of Harvard University ests in that area. The approach to the subject is under the supervision of Professor C. H. Haring, essentially that of the realist. Mr. Ireland is an the chief responsibility falling upon Mr. Miron experienced news commentator, a member of the Burgin and Mr. Thomas S. Berry. Ohio Bar and holds degrees from Princeton Uni¬ The classification of titles is by country, there versity and the Harvard Law School. He is an being a heading for each of the ten republics officer in the Reserve Corps. He is the author of in continental South America and one for Latin “The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Deep Waterway to America. Under country there are four main di¬ the Sea”-—a book which was marked by the same visions: Economic and Social Theory; The In¬ careful attention to details and facing of political dian Economy; The Colonial Economy, and The realities as the present work. Q yy Period Since Independence. The last named, in each instance, has twelve subdivisions: Economic BOOK NOTE Conditions; Travel and Description; Agriculture; Industry; Population; Labor; Trade; Transporta¬ CLASSIFICATION, CLASS P, PJ-PM, LANGUAGES AND tion; Public Finance; Currency and Banking; LITERATURE OF ASIA, AFRICA, OCEANIA, AMERICA, Capital Migrations; International Economic Re¬ MIXED LANGUAGES, ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGES. 1935. lations. 246 pages. (Library of Congress.) Government The Introduction states that the survey “is not Printing Office, Washington. 60c. to be considered a complete inventory; it is The present volume is a continuation of the simply a guide for economists.” Few government philological schemes P to PH, and, like them, rep¬ documents are included, because of the exist¬ resents the work of Dr. W. F. Koenig during the ence of Miss Gregory’s “List of the Serial Publi¬ 20 years prior to 1930, with additions and some cations of Foreign Governments, 1815-1931.” modifications since that date. The preparation of Other titles omitted include the publications of the schemes for the press was begun, although not the League of Nations, the publications of cham¬ completed, by Dr. Koenig, whose work includes bers of commerce, banks, trade associations, com¬ considerable revision and the addition of numerous mittees of bondholders, and other semi-public scholarly footnotes to oriental philology. The organizations and articles in periodicals unless final revision of the work, the synopsis and the particularly pertinent. On the other hand, the schemes for African languages and Arabic litera¬ works of authors of other than South American ture have been supplied by the editor. 511 Foreign Service Changes

Chiefs of Mission United States, assigned Vice Consul at Athens, The Senate has confirmed the following Execu¬ Greece. tive nominations: Stillman W. Eells of New York City, American Hoffman Philip, to be Ambassador to Chile. Consul at Valencia, Spain, and now in the United Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr., to be Minister to States, will retire from the American Foreign Serv¬ Norway. ice effective September 30, 1935, for disability. Hugh Gladney Grant, to be Minister to Albania. Clifton P. English of Chattanooga, Tenn., clerk Findley B. Howard, to be Minister to Paraguay. in the American Consulate at Torreon, Mexico, ap¬ Lester A. Walton, to be Minister to Liberia. pointed American Vice Consul at that post. The following changes have occurred in the Robert Harnden of Berkeley, Calif., American Foreign Service since July 15, 1935, and up to Consul at Goteborg, Sweden, assigned Consul at August 15, 1935: Barranquilla, Colombia. La Verne Baldwin of Cortland, N. Y., American L. Randolph Higgs of West Point, Miss., Ameri¬ Foreign Service Officer now assigned to the De¬ can Vice Consul at Surabaya, Java, assigned Vice partment of State, designated Third Secretary of Consul at Batavia. Legation at Ottawa, Canada. Carlton Hurst of Washington, D. C., American Robert Y. Brown of Dothan, Ala., American Consul at Penang, Straits Settlements, assigned Consul at Cairo, Egypt, designated Third Secre¬ Consul at Habana, Cuba. tary of Legation and American Consul at Bogota, Edwin Carl Kemp of St. Petersburg, Fla., Colombia. American Consul at Moncton, New Brunswick, Sidney H. Browne of Short Hills, N. J., Ameri¬ having been confirmed by the Senate as Consul can Consul at Batavia, Java, assigned Consul at General, assigned Consul General at Winnipeg, Medan, Sumatra. Manitoba. Parker W. Buhrman of Botecourt County, Va., Alfred W. Kliefoth of Boalsburg, Pa., now First American Consul at Cologne, Germany, assigned Secretary of Legation at Vienna, Austria, as¬ to Lisbon, Portugal, where he will serve as Amer¬ signed American Consul at Cologne, Germany. ican Consul General. F. Ridgway Lineaweaver of Philadelphia, Pa.. Albert E. Clattenburg, Jr., of Bala-Cynwyd, Pa., American Vice Consul at Mazatlan, Mexico, now American Vice Consul at Athens, Greece, assigned in the United States, assigned Vice Consul at Mon¬ Vice Consul at Batavia, Java. treal, Canada. Cecil M. P. Cross of Providence, R. I., Ameri¬ Erik W. Magnuson of Chicago, 111., American can Consul at Barcelona, assigned Consul at Barranquilla, Colombia, American Consul at Paris and Dis¬ assigned Consul at Hamburg, Ger¬ trict Accounting and Disbursing Of¬ many. ficer for Fiscal District No. 3. Dale W. Maher of Joplin, Mo., Laurence J. Daymont of New7 American Consul at Medan, Su¬ York, clerk in the District Account¬ matra, assigned Consul at Rotter¬ ing and Disbursing Office, Paris, dam, Netherlands. France, appointed Assistant District Granville Oury Jackson of Mich¬ Accounting and Disbursing Officer. igan, American Vice Consul at Laurence J. Daymont of New York, Assistant Durango, Mexico, appointed Vice Consul at Tela, District Accounting and Disbursing Officer at Honduras. Paris, France, appointed American Vice Consul at Hugh F. Ramsay of Washington, D. C., Ameri¬ that post. can Consul at Munich, Germany, assigned Con¬ Leon Dominian of New York, First Secretary of sul at Jerusalem, Palestine. Legation at Montevideo, Uruguay, died at his post Arthur L. Richards of Pasadena, Calif., Ameri¬ on July 25. can Vice Consul at Jerusalem, Palestine, assigned Donald C. Dunham of Cleveland, Ohio, Ameri¬ Vice Consul at Cairo, Egypt. can Vice Consul at Hong Kong, and now in the W. Quincy Stanton of Woodhaven, Long Island, 512 Banking Service SAVE MONEY In Washington, D. C. ON INSURANCE by ordering policies on household goods in transit and while in resi¬ For the reason that Wash¬ ington, D. C., is the focal dence, personal baggage and point of Foreign Service ac¬ effects, jewelry, furs, through the tivities many persons in the insurance department of Service find it both conveni¬ ent and helpful to maintain ^prurilg Jfroragp (Jorapang banking connections in the Na¬ of UJashtngJ'on tion’s Capital. 1140 FIFTEENTH STREET In Washington opposite the Cable "Storage” U. S. Treasury is the Ameri¬ European Office: can Security and Trust Com¬ 31 Place du Marche St. Honore, Paris pany which for forty-six years Telegrams "Medium” has served among other dis¬ tinguished clients many For¬ eign Service Officers stationed In anticipation of transfer to another in all parts of the world. post, we suggest writing to us for sug¬ gestions about packing for shipment, Correspondence relative to use of "lift” vans, insurance on ship¬ any phase of our banking and ments. We may be able to give helpful trust service is invited. information and suggestions, and cer¬ tainly we can usually save Foreign Service Officers money on their in¬ surance. If in Europe or Near East AMERICAN SECURITY address Paris Office. If elsewhere ad¬ AND TRUST COMPANY dress Security Storage Company, 15TH AND PENNSYLVANIA AVE. Washington. WASHINGTON, D. C.

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513 N. Y., Foreign Service Officer assigned to the De¬ partment, assigned American Consul at Casa¬ blanca, Morocco. Kenneth S. Stout of Portland, Ore., American Vice Consul at Tela, Honduras, assigned Vice Consul at Lisbon, Portugal. Francis H. Styles of Falls Church, Va., now temporarily American Consul at Edmonton, Canada, assigned Consul at Sydney, Nova Scotia. Jay Walker of Washington, D. C., American Vice Consul at Tunis, Tunisia, assigned Vice Con¬ sul at Buenos Aires, Argentina. Gerald Warner of Northampton, Mass., Ameri¬ can Vice Consul at Mukden, China, now in the United States, assigned for duty as Language Of¬ ficer to the American Embassy, Tokyo, Japan. Avra M. Warren of Ellicott City, Md., Ameri¬ COMMERCE can Consul General at Buenos Aires, Argentina, AS AMERICAN export business with Latin will be ordered to the Department of State for America continues to move forward, ahead of it subsequent detail as Foreign Service Inspector. go these new “flying ambassadors.” Transporting passengers, mail and express at a Hugh H. Watson of Montpelier, Va., American cruising speed of nearly three miles a minute, Consul at Sydney, Nova Scotia, assigned to Hali¬ they again reduce the time between the United States and 33 countries and colonies to the South. fax, Nova Scotia, where he will serve as American Consul General. Charles S. Winans of Michigan, American For¬ eign Service Officer, retired, formerly American SYSTEM Consul General at Prague, died at Montreal, Can¬ Executive Offices: 135 E. 42nd St., New York ada, on July 13, 1935. Charles Will Wright of Marquette, Mich., ap¬ pointed American Vice Consul at Rome, Italy. Lloyd D. Yates of Washington, D. C., American The Consul at Hamburg, Germany, assigned Consul at Goteborg, Sweden. Manhattan Storage & CHANGES IN THE DEPARTMENT The following changes in Foreign Service offi¬ Warehouse Company cers assigned to the Department have occurred 52nd Street and Seventh Avenue since July 1: La Verne Baldwin, formerly in WE, has left for 80th Street and Third Avenue his new post at Ottawa. Charles A. Bay, also of WE, has left for his New York City post at Seville.

4- ♦ Donald C. Dunham, formerly in PD, is on leave. Ralph Miller, who was in TA, is en route to SUPERIOR FACILITIES FOR STOR¬ London. AGE OF HOUSEHOLD GOODS, Willys R. Peck, who was in FE, is en route to his post at Nanking. PACKING, MOVING, SHIPPING S. Walter Washington, temporarily in LA, has AND LIFT VANS left for Istanbul. ♦ ♦ James C. H. Bonbright, 3rd Secretary, formerly in Ottawa, has reported for duty in WE. SPECIAL SERVICE TO MEET Raymond A. Hare, Consul, formerly at Teheran, PERSONAL REQUIREMENTS has reported for duty in NE. Sam Reber, 2nd Secretary, regularly assigned -4 4- to Bern, is temporarily detailed to WE. • Prices Most Reasonable • W. Quincy Stanton, Consul, formerly at San Salvador, is on temporary duty in LA. 514 MARRIAGES Hodgdon—Lehrs. Consul Anderson Dana UNITED FRUIT CDfllPANY Hodgd on and Miss Virginia May Lehrs were mar¬ GREAT ried July 17, 1935, at Riga. WHITE FLEET McDermott-Beyers. Vice Consul John Patrick McDermott, Manag ua, and Miss Nacina Wilhel- mina Beyers were married on June 16, 1935. Regular Fast Dependable Freight Sailings Juttner-Perdan. Mr. Stjepan Juttner was mar¬ BETWEEN ried on June 28, 1935, to Miss Ivana Jeanette New York, Boston, New Orleans, Los Angeles Perdan, an American clerk in the Consulate at Harbor, San Francisco, and St. John, N. B. Zagreb. AND Waller-Brunner. Vice Consul Fred E. Waller, Cuba, Jamaica, Panama, Colombia, Costa Rica, Moscow, and Miss Mabel Viola Brunner were mar¬ Guatemala, Honduras, British Honduras, ried June 12, 1935. Mexico, Nicaragua, El Salvador. Speer—Birnbaum. Ray Speer, clerk in the ALSO American Embassy at Ankara, and Miss Gertrude West Coast Ports of Central and South America Birnbaum were married July 10, 1935. and Mexico (transshipment at Cristobal). Hainlin-Deyche. Consul John N. Hamlin and Miss Helen Deyche were married July 1, 1935, FREIGHT TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT in Rome. Pier 3, North River, New York, N. Y. 1001 Fourth St.. Ill W. Washington St., San Francisco, Calif. Chicago, 111. Long Wharf, 321 St. Charles St., BIRTHS Boston, Mass. New Orleans, La. St. John, N. B. London, England Born, a son, Michael Frederic, to Vice Consul H. E. Kane dC Co. Caribbean S. S. Agency and Mrs. Frederic Charles Fornes, Jr., at Sao General Offices: One Federal Street, Boston, Mass. Paulo, June 30, 1935. ALSO Born to Consul and Mrs. Frederick W. Hinke, REGULAR WEEKLY PASSENGER SERVICE on June 24, 1935, at Hankow, a daughter, Helen (and "Guest Cruises") to the West Indies and Caribbean Lucia. A son, John Carter, Jr., was born at Peiping on May 7, 1935, to Second Secretary and Mrs. John Carter Vincent. FROM DARKEST JINGLES A daughter, Virginia Caroline, was born to Vice Consul and Mrs. John S. Service at Yunnanfu on To The July 3, 1935. WILLARD CANADIAN TRIBUTE TO WILL ROGERS in Washington AND WILEY POST The American Consul General at Vancouver. British Columbia, Mr. John K. Davis, reports that on the morn¬ Explorers have found tlieir ing of August 19 three Vancouver Aldermen, Messrs. Degraves, Miller and Wilkinson; Mr. Munn, member greatest thrill in the Willard’s of the Dominion Parliament; Mr. McKeen, member of luxury of accommodations, and the Provincial Assembly; Colonel Foster, representing the Canadian Militia; Colonel Wilson, representing the excellent cuisine . . . Explore Vancouver garrison; Major McLaren, representing Cana¬ the Capital from this hotel dian Airways; Squadron Leader Shearer, representing the Royal Canadian Air Force; Mr. Norman Degraves, Van¬ center of convenience. couver Collector of Customs, and others assembled at the Vancouver Airport to pay respects to the bodies of Mr. Single Rooms with Bath $4 up Will Rogers and Mr. Wiley Post. Double Rooms with Bath $6 up Mr. Davis adds that in a brief, simple but impressive ceremony two wreaths were placed in the aircraft at the feet of the bodies and, on behalf of the city, the province and the Dominion, respectively, Mr. Wilkinson, Mr. Mc¬ WILLARD HOTEL Keen and Mr. Munn expressed the admiration of Cana¬ "Residence of Presidents" dians for the two deceased and requested the Consul WASHINGTON, D. C. General to convey Canadian sympathy to the bereaved H. P. Somerville, Managing Director families and to the American people in the loss of these two universally admired and beloved Americans. 515 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

VALEDICTORY

OBSERVATION TEST I am bidding goodbye to Paris, a long and fer¬ vent farewell faintly hued with regret. I am leav¬ 1. What is the color of the $2.50 Consular Fee ing the lovely, tree-lined boulevards and the lovely Stamp? kissing on the benches. I am leaving the pic¬ 2. Which claw of the eagle on the State Depart¬ turesque, historic buildings all scrawled over with ment seal clasps a bundle of arrows? “Esperanto” and “Vive le Roi!” 3. What are the regulations covering the manner I am leaving the buses A to Zbis where you of flying the American flag on May 30? don't have to pay your fare unless you’re honest and the theaters where you don’t have to pay for 4. To what does Section 17 of the Immigration Law refer? programs but you’d jolly well better. I’m leaving Montparnasse, with its all-day cafe-cremes and its 5. With what grade of officer in the U. S. Army all-day letter-writers and its peanuts and Pernods does a Consul rank? and Peruvian plutocrats and I hope 1 never see a 6. What was the original name of the Department platinum blonde again so long as I live. of State? I’m leaving the pathetic painters on the side¬ 7. Is Form No. 139 the invoice form for mer¬ walks, but 1 know' that when I come hack in 50 chandise not purchased? years they’ll be all there sitting on stools and 8. Is the heading of the present official calendar waiting for me with the same lavallieres and the “Department of State” or “United States Gov¬ same old red fishing boats and sunlight-on-ba- ernment”? nanas, and the same old motherly nude foreshort¬ 9. Whose name appears first in Class I in the ening herself sempiternally and the same old pic¬ classification of officers in the Foreign Service tures marked “Sold.” list of April 1, 1935? Oh yes, I’ll miss the eagle eyes of the concierge 10. Is it permissible for a consular invoice to he and the head peering out from behind the cur¬ prepared in any other language than English? tained door. I’ll miss Paris, with a cafe on every 11. What automobile company recently featured an corner and a “crime passionel” in every block, advertisement showing a young couple shaking where you can buy things in department stores just hands apparently with a Consular Officer out¬ for the fun of returning them and getting your side an American Consulate? money back, but don’t try it on your unused re¬ 12. Under what file number are placed papers turn trip ticket to Deauville! I’ll miss the rain concerning political affairs? every day, but I’ll have the dust every minute in 13. To which class of immigration visa should an New York. I’ll miss the row of buttons across the Immigrant Identification card not be attached? streets, but I’ll find ’em on the policemen's uni¬ forms. I’ll miss the snobbery of riding first class 14. Estimate within 500 the number of officers and T employees outside the United States comprising in the Metro and the New York Subw ay I know is the Foreign Service of the Department of State. jammed, but it’s jammed with pretty gals. 15. What are the Consular Fees for taking deposi¬ I love Paris. My lungs are full of soot but my tions? heart is full of affection and my stomach is full of 16. How many times should the payee’s signature frogs’ legs and bouillabaisse and my mind is full appear on a Public Voucher for Services? of irregular verbs and my pocketbook is so full of brass francs and nickel car-wheels that I have to 17. To a salute of how many guns is a Consul en¬ titled? buy a new one every month, and the new 50-franc notes have driven me permanently color-blind. 18. What is the design of the Consular flag? I’m leaving Paris after having tried for ten 19. What is the Consular Fee for noting a marine years in vain to find out exactly what a Chateau¬ protest? briand is and why they boil onions with peas, and 20. What well-known Consul General, famed for I haven’t yet found a single American who can his work in the Orient and requested to serve say in good French, “How often do the autobuses two years beyond his retirement age, will retire pass here?” on December 31, 1935? Why am I leaving France, this hot July? To (Answers on page 524) get some real French ice cream!

GEORCE F. SCHERER, Vice Consul, Ciudad Juarez. GELETT BURGESS. —From the New York Herald, Paris Edition. 516 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL ^Vor/c) ^ \7 de SERVICE

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517 COMMERCIAL CONFERENCE The conference also adopted fifty-one recom¬ mendations, three resolutions and three declara¬ (Continued from page 507) tions, which relate to simplification of customs tier, Kelchner and Ackerman, and Mr. and Mrs. procedure; aviation; uniform classification of Holmes sailed from New York on April 27, and merchandise; promotion of tourist travel; com¬ arrived in Buenos Aires on May 15. Mr. Lay was mercial arbitration; vegetable and animal sani¬ en route to his new post as Minister to Uruguay. tary police; customs, port and consular facilities, Mr. Hengstler returned via the West Coast, and in et cetera. going to and from the conference took advantage Secretary Hull addressed the conference in of the opportunity to visit as many of the missions plenary session on June 8 by means of radio¬ and consulates as possible. telephone. This proof of the interest of the Sec¬ The conference was convened on May 26 in the retary and of the United States in the conference presence of General Agustin P. Justo, President of made a very favorable impression upon the dele¬ Argentina, and Dr. Getulio Vargas, President of gates. Brazil, who was making an oflicial visit to Argen¬ A general feeling of Pan Americanism and good tina. The delegations of Argentina and Brazil will prevailed throughout the conference. The de¬ were headed by their respective Ministers for For¬ liberations and the conclusions reflected the spirit eign Affairs while those of the United States, Chile, of enlightened inter-American relations which were Mexico and Peru were represented by their respec¬ so manifest in the Seventh International Confer¬ tive Ambassadors in Buenos Aires. The confer¬ ence of American States at Montevideo, to which ence was attended by eighty-seven plenipotentiary this conference owed its existence. The meeting of delegates and a large number of advisers. representatives of every American Republic, the The agenda for the conference was formulated frank and full discussion of problems of mutual by the Montevideo Conference and consisted of the interest, and the fellowship which inevitably following: sprang from such an association, will undoubtedly 1) Port facilities for the entry, loading, unload¬ be reflected in the relations of the countries con¬ ing and departure of ships and aircraft; cerned in the coming months and years. The 2) Reduction of Customs duties; American delegation lost no opportunity in en¬ 3) Improvement of land, maritime, fluvial and deavoring to explain the policies now governing aerial communications; our nation giving practical expression to the 4) Clearance facilities; “good neighbor policy.” 5) Animal and Vegetable sanitary police regu¬ lations; 6) Repression of smuggling; 7) Simplification of customs procedure; MR. WILE IS VERY KIND 8) Tourist facilities; Magazines which correspond to “house organs” 9) Uniform classification of merchandise. of trade, are published by associations in a num¬ The topic “Reduction of Customs duties” was ber of Government departments. The War De¬ interpreted by the Argentine Organizing Committee partment, for instance, has field and coast artil¬ to mean dues “paid as compensation for services lery and cavalry journals; a quartermaster’s re¬ and not as a customs policy for import or export view, and others covering the ordnance and en¬ duties.” The subject “Commercial Arbitration” gineering branches of the service. Similarly in the was also included on the agenda al the request of Navy. Among these publications none is more at¬ the Governing Board of the Pan American Union, tractive in its material and make-up than the while a number of other topics were included dur¬ American Foreign Service Journal, issued by the ing the conference by action of the Committee on association bearing that name in the State De¬ Initiatives. partment. With striking illustrations and color to The conference adopted the following conven¬ brighten its pages, it approaches the best in maga¬ tions: zine typography. The August issue, just off the 1) Convention for the repression of smuggling; press, leads off with a timely and handsomely 2) Convention for the creation of Pan Ameri¬ illustrated article on “Ethiopia,” by W. Perry can commercial committees; George, the American charge d’affaires, to whom 3) Convention relative to the creation of a Pan was delivered the recent appeal of Emperor Haile American tourist passport; and Selassie for invocation against Italy of the Kel- 4) Convention relative to the transit of air¬ logg-Briand anti-war pact.—Frederick William planes. Wile, in his column in the Washington Evening The United States signed the first two of these. Star. 518 NEWS FROM THE THE ENEMY MIGHT BE THERE DEPARTMENT By BENJAMIN RUSSELL (Continued from page 506) A friend and I were hustling along a city street in one States offers a broad program for world economic recon¬ of the bitterest rain storms of the season. It was a driv¬ struction and rehabilitation and should appeal with in¬ ing rain, and the day was cold and raw. Taxicabs were creasing force to all nations of the world desiring the at a premium, and such unlucky people as were out afoot maintenance of peace. hurried along the sidewalks, with collars turned up and “The program first found expression in the Cuban- trying to ward off the driving rain with umbrellas. American trade agreement concluded last August. It is Suddenly above the roaring of the wind and the spat¬ gratifying to find that the Government and people of tering of the rain drops came the sound of music. Won¬ Cuba have manifested a spirit of cooperation not only in dering, my friend and I pushed around a corner—and their commercial relations with this country but in many there stood a little band of Salvation Army workers blow¬ other matters of mutual interest. ing their horns and pounding their drums. Occasionally "The most recent figures relating to Cuban-American a pedestrian would hurry past, but none stopped on that trade indicate that during the first ten months the Agree¬ wet, chilly corner to listen—none, that is, except my ment was in effect, total trade between the two countries friend and I. expanded approximately $63,000,000 over that of the cor¬ The music came to its end, and the leader of the band responding previous period. This is no small sum, and began to speak about the Kingdom of Heaven. My friend represents an increase of about 80 percent. I do not hesi¬ and I listened for a few moments, getting wetter and tate to say that American agriculture and industry have colder all the time, and then moved on. The man’s voice expressed themselves as very pleased with the recovery in followed us until we were out of hearing. the Cuban market. A recent survey made by the Amer¬ “A strange performance,” I said. ican Chamber of Commerce in Cuba indicates that the entire range of American goods has participated in the “Yes,” said my friend. “Did you ever hear the story of business improvement, sales in one important line of prod¬ Napoleon’s cannoneer?” ucts, agricultural machinery and implements, expanding I shook my head. over 550 percent. “One day, a day much like this one,” said my friend, “It is extremely gratifying, therefore, to find that an “Napoleon went out alone to look over his lines and organization in Cuba has dedicated itself to cooperation came upon a cannoneer with a squad of men, shooting with this country in the execution of the provisions of the off a big gun at regular intervals. He seemed to be Cuban-American Trade Agreement and it is a great plea¬ shooting at nothing at all. At least, there was no enemy sure to welcome you to Washington, and to have this in sight. Napoleon asked him why he was doing it. opportunity of meeting the delegates of an organization “ ‘Orders from headquarters, sir,’ said the cannoneer. whose high purpose cannot but work to the mutual benefit ‘And besides, the enemy might be there.’”—The Family of our two nations.” Circle.

Tell it to HE GEOGRAPHIC!

You, as a Foreign Service Officer, may have an unusual story to tell of adventurous journeys in foreign parts, of archeological explorations, or of wild-life observations that would fascinate your countrymen at home. Why not write it for The National Geographic Magazine? Millions of readers will thank you for your nar¬ rative because they will have shared in an experience made possible to them through your cooperation in The Geographic’s educational work. We are always glad to consider personal experience articles with broad, human-interest appeal, especially if they are accompanied by good photo¬ Crossing the Zambezi at Victoria Falls. Photograph © J. L. Smith graphs. Liberal payment is made for all material accepted. Before preparing manuscripts, it is advisable to submit for our approval a brief outline of your proposed article. Write today for GILBERT GROSVENOR our illustrated booklet describing the kind of photographs desired. Litt.D., LL.D., Editor THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE - - WASHINGTON, D. C.

519 Marine Insurance

VERY frequently Foreign Service Officers having by marine underwriters unless precautions have been taken out insurance on their household or personal taken to protect the shipping cases against pilferage, effects when moving from one post to another find such as binding the packages with strap iron and that some loss or damage occurring is not covered sealing them so that if pilferage takes place it by the policy, or in other cases they have a great will be evidenced by the breaking of the strap deal of difficulty and encounter considerable red iron and the seal. Water damage also is not tape and delay in having claims for loss or dam¬ included in the ordinary policy, and this risk is a age settled. One of the principal American in¬ considerable additional one to the underwriter surance agents specializing in writing insurance unless precautions have been taken to see that of this kind calls attention to this fact and points the cases are tight and lined with waterproof paper. In many countries green lumber is used, out the reason for these difficulties often lies in a which shrinks after the boxes are made, leaving misunderstanding on the part of the insurance wide cracks, and unless the owner supervises the agent who placed the policy, and also of the For¬ packing, and insists on a sufficient quantity of eign Service Officer whose goods are insured. waterproof paper being used it is often omitted. The reason these difficulties occur, this agent The agent quoted states that these risks can be points out, lies in the fact that the ordinary ma¬ greatly minimized if the matter is taken up in ad¬ rine insurance policy is written and phrased to vance with the insurance agent, so that he may cover shipments of merchandise, which constitute make his own suggestions and give instructions re¬ the principal cargo shipped. These policies and garding the packing, sealing and waterproofing of what they cover and what they do not cover the packages. are well known to the shippers of merchandise, Then there is the risk of breakage and damage and all those engaged in export and import busi¬ from marring and scratching. This the owner ness. But with household goods shipments the case should understand is not so much a risk of trans¬ is different. These shipments constitute an infini- portation as it is a risk of packing. In many testimal percentage of the ocean tonnage and an places packers of sufficient skill are not available equally small percentage of the policies written and in consequence this risk is a considerable one, by marine insurance underwriters. Consequently and in many cases it cannot be included in any the type of policy that the ordinary insurance policy. broker is able to supply is one which is quite The recommendation is made that Foreign Ser¬ suitable for merchandise shipments, but one which vice Officers and others interested in obtaining in¬ has many exceptions and drawbacks as far as surance on their shipments would do well to shipments of household goods are concerned. The obtain their insurance from such agents as have phraseology moreover which is used in writing the specialized in insurance on household goods, and certificates of insurance while thoroughly under¬ especially if they have not had previous exjje- stood in commercial circles, is capable of con¬ rience of the limitations of marine insurance poli¬ siderable misunderstanding by the person not cies, take the matter up in advance with the agent, conversant with marine insurance usage. so as to make sure that they understand just what This agent further draws attention to the fact protection the agent is offering them and what that some risks which shipments of household they are buying. These are policies particularly goods are subject to cannot always be covered by adapted to the needs of Foreign Service Officers. insurance or if at all, at extraordinarily high rates, These are sold by certain American underwriters unless certain preliminary precautions are taken. at premiums frequently less He illustrates the risk of “theft.’' Under many of than those of foreign under¬ the marine policies commonly used, the goods if writers. Such insurance can insured at all as regards theft are be ordered by mail and the only insured if an entire shipping policy will date from the time specified in the letter, package is stolen. The even though the mail may pilferage risk is not bring the letter ordering the willingly undertaken insurance much later. C.A.A. 520 Brakes Wore Out but THIS Tyre Kept Right on Rolling

No tyre ever endured such brutal road tests before it was announced to the public. For months engineers and test car drivers mauled this tyre. Brakes burned out every eight hours, had to be relined every 72 — but the G-3 never faltered! It kept right on rolling.

The G-3 is the first tyre built to meet the demands of 43% the new, modern high speed, fast-starting, quick-stop¬ LONGER ping cars that have been causing ALL MAKES of tyres NON-SKID to wear out too fast! Today this new Goodyear stands MILEAGE as the biggest tyre success in years. This is not an opinion —- nor a boast — it’s a FACT proved by sales and a flood of enthusiastic letters from car owners The World Over More and tyre dealers all over the world. People Ride on Goodyear Tyres Than on Any Other See the G-3 today at your Goodyear dealer’s. You pay Make nothing extra for its many extra advantages. JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

Svery modern facility for the safe handling and care of household treasures.

FEDERAL STORAGE COMPANY

Steel for Safety "Bowling Green” steel lift vans for the transportation of household effects any¬ where is a preferred service — inter¬ nationally known — and available only through us in Washington. Sealed in Courtesy Joachim Pukli. Consul General of Finland, at Tallinn AMERICAN CORN IN ESTONIA steel for safety. A field of American Indian corn grown by tile Acting President of Estonia, summer of 1934, on his farms, near Tallinn. Left to righ: Genera] J. Laidoner, Commander- TRANSIT INSURANCE in-Chief of the Estonian Army; Acting President Kon¬ FORWARDING AGENTS stantin Pats; Harry E. Carlson, First Secretary. Tallinn. BOOK NOTES FOREIGN LANGUAGES—Foreign languages sup¬ OFFICERS plement to Style manual. Second edition, revised E. K. MORRIS HENDERSON S. DUNN President Cashier and. enlarged. April, 1935. 299 pages. Govern¬ HAROLD N. MARSH S. WEBSTER ADAMS ment Printing Office. Cloth. $1.00. Vice-Pres. <& Counsel Superintendent JAMBS M. JOHNSTON A. RUSSELL BARBEE This manual relating to foreign languages is Vicc-Prcs. ds Treasurer Asst. Treasurer H. RANDOLPH BARBEE MARIAN TRUMBULL purposely condensed for ready reference and is Secretary Asst. Secretary intended merely as a guide, not a textbook. Only elementary rules and examples are given, and no DIRECTORS effort is made to deal exhaustively with any one CHARLES S. BAKER JAMES M. JOHNSTON subject. Minor exceptions exist to some of the H. RANDOLPH BARBEE HAROLD N. MARSH DANIEL L. BORDEN CARROLL MORGAN rules given, but a close adherence to the usage HANSON E. ELY, JR. E. K. MORRIS HENRY P. ERWIN CHARLES G. TREAT indicated will be sufficient for most foreign-lan¬ D. P. GAILLARD GRIFFITH WARFIELD guage work. POSTAGE STAMPS—Description of United States 1707 FLORIDA AVENUE postage stamps, issued by the Post Office Depart¬ WASHINGTON ment from July 1, 1847, to December 31, 1934. 1935. 66 pages. Post Office Department. (Con¬ tents indicated by title.) 10 cents. 522 PINKERTON’S SKILL STOP PRESS. Alas and alack, the first of those golf stories have started coming in from the McBride-Pinkerton vacation at Prince Edward Is¬ HOMELIKE, land. Stand by, friends for the fish stories that will doubtless pour in later. with a yanotama aiierjiiatietl According to an eye witness on the Blackley clien'lete in yVcw 'l.Jetk ^ez leautij . . . Beach course on Prince Edward Island, terrific and disrupting excitement occurred on August 6. • The Savoy-Plaza provides the On that historical date Pink was playing an inter¬ homelike warmth and charm that esting but not exciting twosome with young Bill informed travellers demand, plus superior service and an unsurpas¬ Clark, son of the former Canadian Trade Commis¬ sed cuisine. Single rooms from $5. sioner at Milan. Pink had dragged himself out A 25% discount from room charges is allowed members of the Foreign after a late night and after making the first two Service. holes at his normal rate, arrived at the crucial third Henry A. Rost, Managing Director tee. Making due allowances for the wind, the George Suter, Resident Manager waves, the sun, and atmospheric conditions, Pink FIFTH AVE., 58th TO 59th STS. sighted along his putter at the flag one hundred and fifty yards away and winding up gracefully, took a mighty swing. There was a sharp click and the ball rose and sailed in a straight line (as is usual when Pink drives), took one bounce and disap¬ peared. Pink seemed a little puzzled and some¬ what startled, but not Bill Clark. Young Bill threw his hat one way and his clubs another, cast OVERLOOKING CENTRAL PARK his caddy to the ground and dashed off to get wit¬ nesses. After some moments of frenzied activity, Harry McBride was dragged out and arrived breathless on the scene at a dead run. Yes, it w7as true! There was no possible doubt or error. Pink had made a hole in one!!! Prince Edward Island golfers came from miles around to tender their congratulations and the local papers carried the news to all parts of the earth. Pink’s friends in the Department, in the face of such absolute evidence, are coming to the Distinguished members of point that they almost believe the story, and a the Diplomatic Service fol¬ suitable monument may yet be raised at the spot low tradition in selecting where an American golfer made history on a Cana¬ dian course. The Plaza as their New York home. They find here a EMPLOYEES’ CREDIT UNION standard of excellence that The Federal Credit Union recently organized is known in all countries. in the Department is making encouraging progress. Single rooms from $5. FACING CENTRAL PARK It now has 205 members. Approximately $3,500 lias been paid in by depositors. Of tbe 35 loans • A 25% discount from room charges is made, two have been repaid; payments have been allowed members of the Foreign Service. made promptly as due on the other loans. The Union seeks primarily to assist employees HENRY A. ROST. PRESIDENT who through illness or other adversity have been compelled to borrow funds at high rates of interest. Membership in this Credit Union is open to approved employees at a cost of $.25. Shares are PLflZfl^ sold at $5.00 each and are expected, on the basis FIFTY-NINTH STREET AND FIFTH AVENUE of the experience of similar organizations, to pay dividends at an annual rate of 5 or 6 per cent. 523 SIDI BOU SAID I lay upon the diwan among the soft cushions. The sunlight shone through the musharahia in patterns on the thick rugs. A glass of tea and mint flavored with rose water was brought to me. The amber scented smoke of my cigarette floated out through the intricate lattice.

The afternoon was still and the hours monotonous. The soft breeze brought the hot and spicy smell of fig trees in the sun. A WORLD-WIDE It, brought the soft flute playing of Achmet, dream ing of the red twilights of the desert. Thinking thus he broke into the high, quavering SELLING ORGANIZATION Song of the Palm Tree.

Wards Products are in steady demand The reflection of the blue sky made the sea more the world over. And no wonder! blue. Advanced engineering and painstak¬ The flitting sail of fishercraft moved over the water ing research insure products of un¬ like white butterflies. usual quality. Mass production and Gradually the mass of Djebel bou Kornine turned mass distribution assure the mainte¬ to mauve in the sunset. nance of prices that are highly com¬ The jagged slopes of Djebel Rassas faded to a petitive. single shadow. El Zorah lay in the crescent arms of the new moon. Hence Wards leadership in the auto¬ I felt the brown cheek of her namesake pressed motive, electrical and mechanical specialty fields. Users of Wards Air¬ against mine. line Radios are now running into the —Edwin C. Kemp. second million. Sales of Wards River¬ side Tires have now exceeded the 25,000,000 mark. The demand for Wards refrigerators, washers, vacu¬ ANSWERS TO TWENTY QUESTIONS um cleaners, power plants, paints, (See page 516) tools and automotive equipment is 1. Bine. steady and consistent. 2. Left. 3. Half-mast from dawn till noon; full-mast from Distributors interested in securing noon till sunset. Before resting at half mast exclusive franchise for the distribu¬ the flag is fully raised. tion of Wards Products should write 4. Entry from foreign contiguous territory. 5. Colonel. immediately to the Factory Export 6. Department of For ign Affairs. Division. Franchises are still avail¬ 7. Yes. able in a number of territories. 8. “United States Government.” 9. Maxwell Blake. Wards Specialties are sold abroad 10. Yes. through Distributors and 11. Ford. Dealers ONLY 12. 800. 13. Those covering Section 4(e), non-quota stu¬ dents. 14. There were 3,596 August 1, 1935, including Foreign Service Officers on duty in Washington. 15. $10.00 for the first 500 words, 50 cents for MONTGOMERY WARD each additional 100 words or fraction thereof. _ Established 1872 16. Twice. # * FACTORY EXPORT DIVISION 17. Seven. T/' 618 W. Chicago Ave., Chicago, U. S. A. ^ f 18. A white letter “C” circled by thirteen white stars on a blue field. Cables — Thorn ward 19. $2.00. For American vessels, gratis. Visitors from abroad cordially invited to Chicago Headquarters 20. Edwin S. Cunningham—“Cunningham of Shang¬ HHHMHI hai.”

524 CHINA’S CULTURE (Continued from page 497) China, art has had, I believe, a lasting influence; today the people are aesthetic to a high degree, as may be seen from the loving way in which they run their fingers over a piece of jade or porcelain. Food, too, may he said to become a work of art, and Chinese feasts are a succession of exotic plea¬ sures; bird’s nest soup, shark’s fins, eggs buried many years in lime until they reach just the right point—what an exquisite artistic satisfaction the Chinese obtain from such masterpieces! Underwood Special Type¬ writer with 1-Key Some of the aspects of Chinese culture which I Key-Set Tabulator. have mentioned must seem so remote and un¬ real to you that you may wonder whether much of it will survive the present strong pressure of Euro¬ pean and American influence. Without attempting to make any prophecies, I venture to put before Cushioned Typing you the following conclusions: The characteristics of the Chinese, as illus¬ trated by their written language, have been de¬ makes it Quieter! veloped over the course of several thousand years, 'THE Underwood Special Typewriter repre- and will consequently probably be slow to change. A sents the outstanding achievement of the However, the original strictly limited viewpoint typewriter engineer. It is the only standard will doubtless be extended, and the ancient phi¬ typewriter made that is equipped with the fa¬ losophy adapted to include the thought of the mous Champion Keyboard developed by world- entire modern world. renowned speed typists in the interest of greater There would seem to be no doubt that certain typing speed and comfort. See the Underwood of the most distinctive features of Chinese cul¬ Special at the nearest Underwood Elliott Fisher ture which I have mentioned constitute a serious Branch or telephone or write for a demonstra¬ handicap to any modernization of the country. tion on your own work and in your own office. For instance, it may be that the classical literary Every Underwood Typewriter is backed by language, and even the complicated character nation-wide, company-owned service facilities. system, must be abolished or modified. It would likewise seem that other features— Typewriter Division such as the calm and broad perspective, and careful painstaking handiwork—should be re¬ UNDERWOOD tained, as beneficial to China and contributions to the rest of the world. ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY Typewriters . . . Accounting Machines . . . Adding Ma¬ I do not know whether it will be possible to chines . . . Carbon Paper, Ribbons and other Supplies combine Chinese and Western culture. Nor can 1 Homer Bldg., 13th & F Streets, N. W. predict whether attempts will be made to sweep Washington, D. C. away China’s distinctive but antiquated civiliza¬ tion in favor of complete modernism, or whether, Sales and Service Everywhere on the other hand, the influence of this culture will be so strong as to drive out most foreign innovations. I believe that some sort of com¬ UNDERWOOD promise will finally be inevitable, and that the main problem is that of determining what pro¬ Special portions of each ingredient shall be used. The process will doubtless be long and hard, but the possibility remains that the outcome may be a TYPEWRITER civilization richer and higher than any we have hitherto known. 525 Oil Having Four Initials

By ROY E. B. BOWER, Consul, Stockholm

I AM a bachelor. The sweet agony of finding Altar, to call him loudly before the world by a name for offspring has therefore never been some such pretty conceit as Dirty Little Snotty my lot. The duties of a godfather, of which I am Face. Chinese gods have none of the Hebrew three, do not include finding the perfect name for deity’s omniscience and are quite easily fooled. the future President of the United States (male What self-respecting god would want to snatch up or female). Negatively. I have had some success to heaven a four-initialled brat with a name like in preventing bemused parents from the dear folly that? It may be, for the matter of that, why some of naming an infant for its godfather; but as to of us white-folks live so long. positive action—! I find it hard enough to name Now in Sweden, until quite recently, there was a puppy, and my heart turns to ashes of envy most confusing simplicity. Nils got married and when some friend effortlessly baptises a police had a son named Eric and a daughter named dog Kurt or a cat Messalina. Greta. Eric Nilsson and Greta Nilsdotter was how The spectator sees most of the game, but my they signed themselves. Eric got married and his haphazard observations of this parental pastime son, Karl, went to school as Karl Ericsson. have not made the rules clearer. The object of One of my professors at California used to re¬ the game seems to be to plaster a label or labels mark that he could tell the course of history by on the Namee in such a fashion that he will be the names of his freshmen. The George Deweys disfigured for life. Just why do parents, even if were taking the places of the Grover Clevelands not fond, wish incredible and unbearable names as I was leaving college. I suppose that the on some 37 per cent of the annual crop of babies? campus today is welcoming many a Pershing and Why (says he, feelingly) bestow a whole string a Wilson. In the case of girls’ names, however, of names on one small infant? What are the I am of the opinion that a little light poetry springs of action which stir the christener’s breast? reading, while recommended as suitable exercise Romance, snobbism, flattery, a compensation-com¬ for expectant mothers, is apt to result in flights plex maybe? In the expansive days when we still of fancy at the font. Who, for instance, hasn’t a had the horizon as the sole frontier probably sainted aunt yclept Elaine or Maud or Guenivere boredom was the determining factor after the first or Evangeline? The pleasant habit of reviving three or four. Peter Pan every Christmas in London has kept Perhaps there is something national about it. the British Empire well stocked with Peters and Just as English authors always call a fictitious Wendys these thirty years. Apropos our nostalgia firm of solicitors Biggs, Biggs, Sherewether and for the good old days, so cleverly being exploited Biggs, so do they invariably name an American by the big advertisers, it may be observed that character Hiram B. Peabody or Otis K. Zinkle. Do there is now taking place a happy revival of you know any Hirams or Otis’s? At any rate not those most charming of all dear names, Nancy a whole nation of them. On the other hand, dur¬ and Polly and Anna and Jane, and others made ing nine years in England I never met or heard of sweet by the lavendar of old photograph albums a Marntaduke or Reginald. One can only con¬ and old memories. clude that localities produce a few names per gen¬ The attention of the Smith family should be eration which are not discovered abroad until they drawn to the fact that John Smith, excellent name have lost their vogue at home. Twenty years from connoting all the manly virtues, will soon be ob¬ now Americans in English fiction may be called solete if the family goes on avoiding it because it Wayne or Floyd and our authors may be naming is so common. Incidentally, I have never heard their English characters Leslie or Eric. of anyone called John Doe, that name symbolical The Chinese are quite sensible—unless someone of the ubiquitous. In Singapore a legal inter¬ has been kidding me. It seems that the Chinese rogatory was once received addressed to John Doe gods covet, as who wouldn’t, those adorable and Richard Roe, the consulate being ask to sub¬ plump black-haired babies which curiously seem stitute the real names if they could be discovered. to be so plentiful over there. The first secret of These turned out to he Aik Hoe—and Co. I trust wise parenthood in China is therefore to whisper that the learned judge back home didn’t think the child’s real name, such as Bounteous Fragrant that we were trying to be funny. Dew, or even only to think it, before the Ancestral Why are we so sensitive about our names? 526 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

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527 IP THE AMERICAN

Most of us affect to dislike them, but let someone SONG OF THE ROLLING mispronounce or misspell them and our amour propre immediately comes bouncing out of its ken¬ STONES nel, snarling at such intrusion of our private rights. The fates that weave our destiny One of the happiest memories which I retain of Must work with nervous hands As no assignment they allot a boys’ camp on Lake Champlain is the spectacu¬ For very long time stands. lar rage we were able to induce in a boy named From Mexico to London town, Laurence by informing him that the correct spell¬ Tampico or Bangkok, ing was Lawrence. As either a water-sport or a Our journeys would the famous trek bed-time prayer this worked equally well. Of Marco Polo mock. Myself, I get peevish over the four initials. I CHORUS want ’em all, since I’ve got ’em. I have known Our homes are where our hats hang, amiable typesetters, who were quite willing to For us there is no rest, Hotels, trains and steamships are take ten minutes to set up Theocritus Q. Feathers- The homes that we know best. tonehaugh, protest that my ten-letter Roy E. B. Bower was much too long. If only one’s critics We’ve hardly unpacked in Baghdad And opened up a home, would leave out both middle initials! No, they A transfer comes by telegram must choose, and it’s the choosing which makes And off we go to Rome. one mad. My theory is that this dislike of two Just when we’ve found a house in Rome middle initials is a hang-over from the Revolu¬ And paid a quarter’s rent An order comes to move again tion. 1776, I mean. I suppose that even in those And to Ceylon we’re sent. days the British were great sportsmen, and that the newspapers of the time published lists of CHORUS players something like this: The Gentlemen: J. H. Order up the moving van, Get out the old grip, C. Malmlybut, P. St. J. M. Qualtch, F. F. F. Sell off the furniture, we're Ffoulkes, etc., etc. The Rest: P. Jones, T. Atkins, Going on a trip. R. Bower, etc., etc. Thus and then was bred a We’ve just spent three months’ salary good Yankee prejudice in favor of simplicity in For curtains in Belfast, such matters. We’re happy and contented to Ribaldry, now, is different. It’s rather flattering. Be settled down at last, Homer Croy (who prints on his envelopes “This But vain our satisfaction is, Not long in peace we sit, one is not a bill”) enjoys himself by addressing We get transferred to Amoy where me as Roy Everest Bottomly Bower, combining The curtains do not fit. the highest and the lowest in the center. Nor shall I tell him what the E. and B. do stand for CHORUS Pack up all the silverware, until he exhausts his Oklahoma wit in thinking Woolens in moth balls, up new ones, for the truth will be an anti-climax. Move into a boarding house Even the Department has permitted itself a de¬ When the packer calls. corous jest at the expense of my middle initials, We sell the old car for car fare, for once a code cable concerning me read in Take losses with a sigh, translation “Roy E Period B Period B ower ” We can’t afford to pay the freight— If this is read by others bearing four initials It would a new car buy. With justified misgivings we but who have cravenly dropped one of them I Our cherished goods must pack appeal to them to restore it. We must stand to¬ And at our destination find gether. It seems a small matter, but it signifies. They’re largely gone to wrack.

CHORUS Go leave cards on all our friends. THE JOURNAL PAYS Tell them adios, Shed a tear when last we hear: • • • It has recently come to the attention of “Vaya con Dios.” the Editors that many members of the Service are unaware that payment is frequently made for ma¬ L’ENVOI We kick and we growl at the hardships. terial published. For our losses we groan and we sigh, • • • The conditions are stated on page 16 of But kick as we will, We think with a thrill the January, 1934, issue. Of the transfer to come bye and bye. • • • —Thomas D. Bowman. 528 SERVICE VISITORS Officers and clerks called at the Department, as indicated: DATE OF REGISTRATION July Raymond A. Hare, Teheran, assigned lo Depart¬ ment, NE 13 Eugene W. Nabel, Rotterdam, on leave in Washing¬ ton and New England 15 Mrs. Florence II. Hilliard, Warsaw, on leave 15 Gordon L. Burke, Foochow, on leave in Washington and Great Neck, L. I. Sailing August 15 from New York; September 6 from San Francisco 16 Mrs. B. M. Kendig, Embassy. Habana, on leave; sailing August 3 from New York 16 Fred H. Houck, Plymouth, sailing July 24 from New f ork 18 Julia H. Stimpson, Embassy, Peiping, Sailing Gen¬ eral Pershing October 8 18 Horatio Mooers, Toronto, on leave in Washington and Pennsylvania 18 John F. Huddleston, Dresden, on home leave 19 Jonn B. Keogh, Nairobi, sailing for post July 23, 5. S. Exeter from New York 19 W. E. Chapman, Bilboa, returning to post July 27 after 60 days’ leave 22 M. Swift, Stockholm , 22 William D. Moreland, Jr., Antwerp, returning to post July 27 — 23 A. W. Klieforth, Legation, Vienna, sailing August 6, S. S. Excambion, from New York for Mar¬ seilles . 25 F. R. Lineaweaver, Mazatlan, en route to Montreal 25 Wm. L. Schultz, Liverpool 25 Victor N. Lenzer, Paris— 26 G. R. Willson, formerly Bremen, en route Vera Cruz 26 Chas. Thayer, Embassy, Moscow, returning to post July 31 26 Benjamin Garcia John Flournoy Montgomery, Budapest Minister, to Jimmy Flexer has a swim before leaving his desk in the Manchester, Vt., until September 25, then week Department for his new post as Secretary of Legation at in Washington - 26 Panama. Joseph F. Burt, Visa Division, to Montreal. 26 John B. Faust, Santiago, Chile, to S. C. until Sep- temper 3; returning Washington Lawrence P. Briggs, Bahia, on leave before retiring 7 Joseph I. Touchette, Algiers, to N. H. and return¬ Sydney H. Banash, Buenos Aires, on leave in Boston 7 ing to Washington late in August before re¬ Thomas D. Davis, Bergen, to Indiana on leave 7 turning to post George R. Merrell, Jr, Peiping, sailing for post David J. D. Myers, Tenerife, Canary Islands, enter¬ September 6, President Coolidge from San Fran¬ ing hospital for operation.. 29 cisco 7 Wm. F. Cavenaugh, Goteborg, on leave in Philadel¬ A. Dana Hodgdon, Riga, on leave in Md. 7 phia ; 29 C. T. Steger, Beirut, on leave in Richmond, Va— 8 Elbridge Durbrow, Moscow, leaving July 31 for Tyler Thompson, Marseille, on leave at Hancock San Francisco; returning to Washington Septem¬ Point, Maine - — 8 ber 15 - 29 Kent Leavitt, Mexico City, leaving for Mexico Au¬ W. Quincy Stanton, Casablanca, detailed LA— 30 gust 13 8 S. Pinkney Tuck, Embassy, Paris, on leave in U. S. Herbert 0. Williams, Vera Cruz, on leave until Sep- until August 24; remainder of leave abroad 30 temper 5, then to Gibraltar 8 August Alexander R. Magruder, Lisbon 9 Thomas D. Bergin, Port-au-Prince, on leave 2 Robert Frazer, London 9 Henry S. Villard, from NE Div. to Rio de Janeiro; Philip Ernst, Athens . 10 Sailing August 31 Western World 2 Raleigh A. Gibson, on leave 10 Robt. T. Cowan, Lille, leave in Dallas, then Wash¬ Louis G. Dreyfus, Jr., Lima, leaving Washington for ington about October 6 2 California August 13; sailing Santa Elena for W. L. Lowrie, FSO, Retired, now located at 217 North Royal Street, Alexandria, Va 3 Muriel Moynihan, Hamburg, sailing September 12 George A. Gordon, Min. Port-au-Prince after visit for post 12 in States 5 I Iortense Uhlrich, Alexandria, leaving for Denver Joseph C. Grew, Ambassador Tokyo, to N. H. and August 12 — 12 returning to Washington August 13 5 George E. Chamberlin, retiring, CG Halifax 12 George F. Scherer, Ciudad Juarez, returning to post Robt. Y. Brown, proceeding to new post at Bogota after month’s leave in Canada 6 shortly 12 529 TO THE SOO * * * It was nine o’clock Saturday morning when we Here we are at Point aux Pins watching the said au revoir to Toronto, leaving the movers hard waves roll by. Two days ago we were roasting at work. Between four and five the same after¬ (102 degrees in the sun); today, Sunday, it is noon, we found ourselves at Callender, the home cold, wet, cloudy; the pine logs (or branches, of the world-known quintuplets. We passed Dr. if you will) crackle merrily on the hearth, a DaFoe’s home on the way to the hospital bear¬ friendly little iron stove with chimney disap¬ ing his name, where the five sisters were out sun¬ pearing in the rafters above—truly “high hat” ning themselves, in two play pens on the broad without force of exaggeration. The local fuel verandah. Before taking them indoors for the supply differs from that to which we had become night the attending nurse presented each sepa¬ accustomed in Toronto in that it is more or less rately for the benefit of spectators who were firmly attached to trees in various parts of the coming and going the whole time we were at the neighborhood from which it has to be detached hospital. All five are fine and healthy, easily by force of arms. This being a day of rain with recognizable from their well-known pictures. the children indoors, the ensuing concert lacks but the famous anvil to be described as classical! Then through North Bay on to Warren, where To answer what surely must be uppermost in we spent the night. Breakfast in Sudbury, a your mind, I may say that no ordinary knowl¬ typical mining town. edge of French will suffice for purposes of local At Algoma, 100 miles from the Soo, we enjoyed orientation: Thus, by some unexplained marvel a fine sturgeon dinner at an Inn ideally situated of human logic Point aux Pins is known, not as between the bay and a lake famous for its beauty. “pins” (French), nor as “pins” or even “pines” From North Bay on, much of the way is prac¬ (English), but tout simplement as “Point o Pur.” tically deserted. You go for miles and miles Can you beat it! without seeing a single dwelling, with cows the Local sports, indoor and out, are available only inhabitants, wondering if the gas tank is at singly or in bulk, and for the most part appear least half as full as you hope it to be! The last to be self-made. Principal among the former are 30 or 40 miles are the prettiest part of the whole to be mentioned: Chasing dirt and mosquitoes, trip, the road flanked on one side by a graceful filling stomachs and washing dishes; among the latter: Closing doors, pumping water, and chop¬ mountain range and on the other the azure-blue of the bay smiling welcome. ping wood, also: Fishing, boating, and swim¬ ming—the latter, that is, if the water ever gets Although the roads would hardly bear com¬ warm enough, its temperature at present varying parison, we would not want to miss the experience between 30 and 40 Fahrenheit! of know'ing what the Canadian side is like. (Since Sault Ste. Marie scenery equals expectations. arrival we have learned that the roads on the At the Point we were three-fourths surounded by Canadian side are impassable during four or five water, with the two Soos, in a straight line five months of the winter! Many people store their or six miles distant, directly en face. At night cars during this part of the year, unless planning the twinkling lights, seen thru the pines from to travel on the American side, the Michigan roads our front porch, are a thing of rare beauty. being kept open the year round.) The Soo itself is more or less what you would Point aux Pins, as its name signifies, is a pine- expect the Soo to be. It is built around Queen wooded haven offering a welcome escape from the Street, about six miles long, following the line of heat of summer to the people of the Soo. Jutting the St. Mary’s River, which separates the Cana¬ out into the St. Mary’s River, it reaches to within dian Soo from the Soo, Michigan. The Consulate a few hundred feet of the Michigan shore. The is in the middle of Queen Street, across the street deep blue waters at the Point abound in a variety from the Windsor Hotel, a nine-story edifice. of sporting fish, such as black bass, lake trout, perch, pike, and maskinonge. Inshore, the hard- » * * ■ packed sand and shallow waters are the delight of The afternoon and evening of the Fourth we bathers, although the low temperature of the water celebrated at the American Soo visiting the locks calls for a rugged constitution to encourage pro¬ (a novel experience) and enjoying a beautiful longed swimming. Point aux Pins is separated exhibition of municipal fireworks. A fine ex¬ from the Soo, Ontario, by 12 or 13 miles of ample of international cooperation was afforded country roads, a twenty to thirty minute drive by by the Canadian Legion Band which took a motor. prominent part in the parade on our side. G. L. T. 530 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

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531 THE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

IN MEMORIAM

LEON DOMINIAN The JOURNAL regrets to announce the death at his post on July 25, 1935, of Mr. Leon Dominian, First Secretary of the American Legation at Mon¬ tevideo. A man of varied gifts, his career as geol¬ ogist, explorer, professor, editor, author and gov¬ ernment official testified to his versatility. Shy, studious and even a trifle withdrawn, he was yet a most engaging companion and the rich flavor of his mind and personality quickly became appar¬ ent. Conversation with him was a particular plea¬ sure. One remembered its ease and grace and especially the color and cadences of his voice. Those who knew him must feel a definite sense of personal loss in his passing. The Service has lost a devoted and gifted member and tenders its deep sympathy to his wife and to his sister, Mrs. Paul Jacobs. R. E. S.

IDA M. HEIZER The JOURNAL deeply regrets to report the death on August 13, 1935, at Chevy Chase, Maryland, of Mrs. Ida M. Heizer, wife of Oscar S. Heizer, Foreign Service Officer, retired. Mrs. Heizer went to Turkey as a young girl to engage in the educational work of an American missionary organization. Shortly thereafter she married Oscar Heizer, then also connected with missionary groups and later Interpreter at Con¬ stantinople. Hers was an interesting life including tours of duty in Jerusalem, Constantinople, and Algiers, with resumption on several occasions of teaching in Constantinople. Those who knew Mrs. Heizer recognized her charm and wit, accompanied by a sound practical sense of dealing seriously with serious matters. Few Western women have had the intimate knowl¬ edge which was hers of the family life and in¬ stitutions of the Mohammedans of the Mediter¬ ranean basin. This is, of course, impossible of acquisition by those lacking great personal mag¬ netism and tact. Recently Mrs. Heizer had been engaged in writ¬ ing her memoirs. She had assisted the JOURNAL in the editing of articles on the Near East and contributed several poems to it published over her maiden initials “I.M.W.”. To her husband and children the JOURNAL ex¬ tends deep sympathy.

532 NEWS FROM THE FIELD (Continued'■ from page 509I Consul Edward M. Groth, from Calcutta, paid NEW LOW FARES to a short visit to Bombay in the latter part of March. Inspector and Mrs. Joseph E. Jacobs and Vice Consuls Harrison Lewis and Robert C. SOUTH AMERICA Coudray were among recent visitors at Bombay. Inspector Jacobs inspected the Consulate between on freshly reconditioned ships May 2nd and 16th, departing on the 17th for 7 Karachi. Vice Consul Lewis was en route from There’s no time like the present to visit this completely Singapore to his new post at Leipzig. Vice Con¬ fascinating neighbor continent—to see its lovely east sul Coudray was en route from his post at Can¬ coast! ton to the United States on home leave. Vice Consuls Lancaster and Gerrity visited that The fares for round trips lentitling you to a 60-day comparatively little known section of the Bombay stopover) have never before been so low! The ships, consular district, Portuguese Goa, over Easter, four spic-and-span sisters, are all newly reconditioned and reported a very enjoyable time. and redecorated and offer exceptional value. And T. J. H. South America’s climate is very7 pleasant. Fortnightly sailings on largest ships in the service, JAPAN providing all outside cabins, broad decks, outdoor pool Ihe marriage of Vice Consul Charles A. Hutch¬ entertainment and fine food and service. For further inson of the Consulate General staff on June 5th information apply to your travel agent or was an outstanding event in the affairs of Amer¬ ican Foreign Service Officers in Japan. The bride was Miss Ruth Murphy of New York, but formerly MUNSON 5.S.LINE5 of Duluth, Minnesota, where she and Hutchinson 67 WALL STREET. NEW YORK BOwlInfl Green 9-3300 General Agents for New England: pursued together their high school course. The H. L. Mulligan, Inc., 145 Tremont Street, Boston marriage ceremony was performed by the Right Reverend Bishop Charles Reifsneider, President of St. Paul’s I Episcopal) University, at the residence of Consul General and Mrs. Arthur Garrels in the “We Invite You to a presence of Ambassador and Mrs. Joseph C. Grew, the Foreign Service Officers on duty in Tokyo and Distinguished Hotel” Yokohama, and the Military, Naval and Commer¬ cial Attaches. Miss Caroline McMahon of the Military Attache’s Office was the bridesmaid and HOTEL Lieutenant Frederick P. Munson lent his support as best man. Secretaries Morris N. Hughes and J. POWHATAN Graham Parsons and Vice Consul Charles A. Cooper officiated as ushers. The ceremony was 18TH & PENNSYLVANIA AVE. followed by a wedding reception and buffet lunch- eone attended by many of the younger members of WASHINGTON, D. C. the diplomatic corps and the foreign and Japanese communities in Tokyo and Yokohama. Besides Choice rooms with bath $0 the silver tea service, the combined gift of the from Foreign Service Officers, there wrere many presents to assist the Hutchinsons in the installation of . . . 15% Discount allowed Diplo¬ their first home. The romance of the honeymoon matic and Consular Service! was spun through the many beautiful spots which nature has so lavishly provided in the Izu Penin¬ 1 sula. One block from State, War & After a severe attack of typhoid which confined Navy Building him in bed for upwards of three months, Vice a Consul Gregor C. Merrill of Yokohama and Mrs. A Refined Hotel on European Merrill departed on a recuperative leave on June Plan 21st, Mrs. Merrill herself having been concur- 533 BANGKOK The American Minister, Mr. James M. Baker, en¬ tertained the members of the American Colony with a buffet supper at the Legation on the even¬ ing of July 4th in honor of Independence Day. Covers were laid for seventy, and before dinner the company foregathered to sing the National Anthem. Afterwards there were firewmrks in the garden. The company included four northern repre¬ sentatives in Miss Lucy Starlin, of Lampany, and M iss Civili Singhanatra, of Chiengmai, both of whom sailed for the States the following day, the former on fifteen months’ furlough and the lat¬ ter for postgraduate study at Michigan Univer- SEAL SINKING IN HONG KONG sity; and Mr. and Mrs. T. G. Ziemer, from Khon- To comply with the Regulations, Consul Gourley requisi¬ kaen; one southern representative in Rev. Kenneth tions Vice Consul Cootes" sailboat and seeks “deep water.7’ Landon, of Trang; and Dr. Robert Pendleton, the new Adviser for the Siam Government Depart¬ ment of Agriculture and Fisheries, who had just rently ill at the same hospital which harbored her arrived from Manila. husband for a period of several weeks. Later the company proceeded to the Small Au¬ Ambassador and Mrs. Joseph C. Grew departed ditorium of the Chulerm Krung Theatre to wit¬ on a well-earned leave on July 19th after three ness a programme on the invitation of Mr. Leon years of highly successful ambassadorial service. von Haverbeek, manager of United Cinema Co. Consul and Mrs. Edward S. Maney broke prece¬ The films included several sound shorts and “It dent this year by extending the usual formal Happened One Night.” Fourth of July reception to a social gathering at The Minister made arrangements to receive the the Consulate. Besides the Government officials cards of visitors at the Legation between the and their wives many members of the local and hours of 4.30 and 6.30 p. m.--The Bangkok Times. foreign communities attended. Electric fans blow¬ ing over blocks of ice placed about the premises alleviated the extremes of a Taihoku July day. Recent shifts in personnel have sent Vice Consul SCANDINAVIA Alvin T. Rowe from Kobe to Yokohama on tem¬ Of special interest to Americans is the annual porary detail and Vice Consul Arnold Van Ben- Fourth of July celebration held in Denmark at schoten under a new assignment to Antwerp. Rebild Park, a place dedicated to the memory of Mrs. Cecil B. Lyon, the wife of Secretary Lyon the Danes who have migrated to the United States. at Peiping, and her infant son came to Tokyo to This year a covered wagon was presented to the say farewell to her parents, Ambassador and Mrs. park by the State of Utah, and it was driven into Grew, before their departure on home leave. the park during the ceremony behind a pair of Home and local leaves are running their regular oxen. Minister Owen presented the President’s course. Vice Consul John M. Allison of the compliments. Part of the program, including Tokyo Consulate General returned with Mrs. Al¬ Minister Owen’s speech, was broadcast over a short lison early in July, after having encircled the w7ave length for listeners in the United States. Ap¬ globe and visited home and other interesting spots proximately 15,000 people attended the celebra¬ in the United States. For the information of tion. friends concerned, the following Foreign Service On July Fourth Minister Albright gave a recep¬ Officers in Japan contemplate home leave during tion-tea dance at the Brunnsparkshuset, Helsing¬ 1935: Consul Howard Donovan and Mrs. Dono¬ fors, which was attended by almost three hundred, van at the Kobe Consulate expect to leave Japan including many Government officials, members of about July; Consul and Mrs. C. 0. Spamer of the Diplomatic Corps and the Finnish-American Nagasaki in October; Vice Consul Troy L. Per¬ Society. kins of Dairen in October; and Vice Consul Ralph July Fourth this year at Stockholm was the oc¬ Cory of Seoul during the later part of the year. casion of an informal outing at Sandhamn, the Mr. J. Graham Parsons, private secretary to speech of the day being made by Consul General Ambassador Grew, accompanied Mr. Grew on Southard. home leave. It is expected that he will return to Minister Steinhardt left on July 12th for local Tokyo with the Ambassador. A. G. leave. Consul General Southard has been desig- 534 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL TIGER BRAND WIRE ROPE IS LIFTING THE LOADS f OF THE WORLD Wherever there is work to be done—oil to be drilled, logs to *? wmyiGpE (*y ? be hauled, materials to be hoisted, pipe to be laid—Tiger Brand Wire Rope bears the brunt of the job. Simply because operators know it is the safest, most dependable and economi¬ % f cal answer to the wire rope question. There is a size and type of Tiger Brand Wire Rope for every requirement. 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535 nated Charge d Affaires a.i. and by thus figura¬ tively changing his cravat is able now to explore the Swedish Mount Olympus. Secretary Swift left Outstanding July 8th for Washington. Vice Consul and Mrs. Maffitt left on June 17th for Sao Paulo. Consul Foreign Banking Facilities Bower has returned from home leave, as the de¬ The foreign banking organization of Tile plorably facetious turn of these notes indicates. Vice Consul and Mrs. Bacon arrived on July 18th Chase National Bank includes branches to join the chorus of praise for Stockholm. and representatives on three continents Vice Consul William F. Cavenaugh left Gote- supplemented by thousands of correspon¬ borg July 16th for Washington with his wife and dents. Branches are located in London, family, having been assigned to the Department Havana, Panama, Cristobal, and San for duty. Juan. In addition, the bank maintains This summer the Latimers are the only ones at offices for its representatives in Rome, Helsingfors journeying to the Arctic to enjoy the full benefit of the Midnight Sun. Minister Al¬ Berlin and Mexico City. Through an bright, Messrs. Thiel and Thomasson contented affiliate, The Chase Bank, branches are themselves with a visit to the ancient Greek Ortho¬ operated in Paris, Shanghai, Hongkong dox Monastery on the island of Valamo in Lake and Tientsin. Ladoga. Incidentally Ladoga is the largest lake in Europe and at least half of it lies within the THE confines of the Republic of Finland. Among the CHASE NATIONAL BANK peregrinations of the staff of the Legation-Consu¬ late may be mentioned Miss von Hellens’ extended OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK sojourn in America, Mr. Goold’s month’s vacation in England and France, Mr. Thiel’s visit to Stock¬ holm to meet his sister, who is spending the sum¬ mer with him in Helsingfors, and Mr. Latimer’s flying visit to Tallinn with his aunts, the Misses Hamilton, to show them his old stamping ground. Minister Hoffman Philip, who has been pro¬ AUTOGIRO moted Ambassador to Chile, and Mrs. Philip have SPELLS DEATH set August 5 as the date for their departure from Oslo. Their going is deeply regretted by their TO INSECT MENACE many Norwegian and American friends in Norway as well as by their official family of the Legation Recent official tests the ability of the and Consulate. have shown the effi¬ autogiro to fly slow¬ Consul General Bevan has been designated Sec¬ ciency of the Auto¬ ly and safely, with retary of the Legation and will act as Charge giro for spraying uniform distribution d’Affaires a.i. pending the arrival of the newly oil on mos- of insecticides appointed Minister, the Honorable Anthony Drexel q u i t o breed¬ over inacces¬ Biddle, Jr. ing marshes, sible localities On July 26th, Vice Consul and Mrs. Perkins a n d distrib¬ at lowered left Oslo for a two to three months’ assignment to uting oil or dust on cost. For informa¬ Bergen, where Mr. Perkins will be in charge of crops or trees for tion concerning our the Consulate during the home leave of Consul insect control. unique service Thomas D. Davis. Observers marvel at please apply to— Scandinavia is experiencing the best tourist sea¬ son ever. It appears that all records will be SALES and broken before the summer is over. Goteborg has been full of Americans this month SERVICE, Inc. due to the international Yacht Regatta. This Re¬ GIRO gatta takes place annually during July, yachts Pine Brook Airport - Pine Brook, N. J. from many different nations competing for various (This space courtesy of Carl M. J. von - — Zielinski, 99 Wall Street, iVeir York.) . prizes. As the Goteborg Royal Yacht Club cele- 536 brated this year its 75th anniversary, unusual in¬ and fourth classes. At Oslo the festivities included terest was shown in the Regatta. a tea dance at the Legation, where two hundred The American sailing yachts, Stormy Weather and fifty of the future Admirals of the Navy met and Vamari, raced across the Atlantic from New the flower of Norwegian femininity; dinners by York to Bergen, Norway, the former winning the Minister and Mrs. Philip and Consul General and race. Both of these yachts, as well as the Amer¬ Mrs. Bevan, and bathing parties at Hvalstrand, the ican four-masted schooner, Verna, and the motor- Norwegian Lido. After receiving hints on how yacht, Camargo, visited Goteborg for the Regatta. not to get lost in the woods of Nordmarken, twenty The Anis and Bob Cat, both of the New York squads of stalwart Annapolis “babes” set forth on Yacht Club, as a team won the race in the 6-meter hikes. At Copenhagen, Minister Owen entertained class by 53J4 points against Norway’s 53. A the midshipment at a tea and the officers at a dance. jubilee banquet was arranged for the yachtsmen Consul General and Mrs. Maynard also entertained in the old Carlsten Castle on the Island of Mar- the visitors. strand, attended by the King of Sweden, the Nor¬ Thirteen wives and one mother of officers of the wegian and Swedish Crown Princes, and represent¬ Squadron trailed their men to Oslo and on to atives of the Royal family of Denmark. Copenhagen. Captain Dutton, recently accredited Stockholm was visited by a seven-man team of Naval Attache, Mrs. Dutton and their daughter “elite ’ athletes who will doubtless hold their own motored from Berlin for the festivities. at the international meet to be held in the stadium. On June 25th the new U. S. Destroyer Aylwin The United States Navy Training Squadron, arrived at Goteborg for a five day visit. The Ayl- consisting of the battleships Arkansas and Wyo¬ win was on a shake-down cruise and arrived here ming, visited Oslo and Copenhagen during July on from Bremen, sailing on June 29th for Brussels. their European summer cruise. Many entertain¬ While in port, Commander Gulbranson and his ments were given for Admiral Ellis, Captains Cof¬ officers were entertained by the local authorities fey and Hinkamp, the other officers, and the 800 and the Consul and Vice Consul. midshipmen comprising the Naval Academy’s first Visitors to Stockholm during the past three

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537 months included Miss Cornelia Bassel, who also umpire then declared that both runner and bats¬ stopped off at Copenhagen, Mr. and Mrs. Edward man were out, but finally compromised by permit¬ J. Norton, Mr. James C. Dunn and Consul Thiel. ting the latter to go to bat again; he “whiffed” Vice Consul Birkeland from Warsaw called at this time and the side was retired, which at least Copenhagen on his way to Norway for a holiday. satisfied the Edinburgh team. It might be added Since Congress passed the bill authorizing the that a member of the latter team had previously, construction of a Legation-Consulate in Helsing¬ without discovery by the umpire, though clearly fors, practically every property holder in the city evident to other spectators, galloped around the has been impressing upon us the desirability of bases but failed to touch the home plate. How¬ his property for the site of the new building. From ever, it was all part of the game. the line-up of real estate agents outside the office Some of the newspaper comments following the a local newspaper correspondent got the impres¬ contest were quite amusing. One referred to the sion that the restrictions on immigration to the “pitcher’s stance”; another remarked that “Glas¬ United States had been lifted gow had two innings before they took the lead Consul General Maynard is being congratulated with one complete run round the diamond-shaped on the completion of twenty-nine years of service pitch” and “Fred, the Glasgow pitcher, gave 3,000 on June 26th. Mr. Maynard’s record of twenty- spectators a scare when he lobbed the ball into nine years as a principal officer is surpassed by their midst.” One reporter headed his article only three Foreign Service Officers now on duty, “Baseball Just Leaves Us Cold” and complained one by a year, one by four months and the third by only four days. at the protracted duration of the game (no com¬ parison, however, was made with the more famil¬ iar game of cricket, which ambles along for days GLASGOW at a time), though the writer was frank enough to say: “Runs or games or innings were won and An American baseball match furnished Glas¬ lost—but we didn’t know! For we had no earthly gow with an unusual athletic event on May 18, idea of what was happening. Then I went home, 1935. The participants were Glasgow and Edin¬ but one little point has been troubling me greatly. burgh teams, the former winning by a score of Why is it that a baseball player only hits one out 6 to 5 after two extra innings had been played. of an average of ten balls that are played to him? The players were American students, most of them At the conclusion of the match Consul Hawley, attending medical colleges in the two Scottish cit¬ handed over to the Captain of the Glasgow team a ies, and practically all having in the past been handsome silver cup, to be played for annually members of American college baseball teams. The hereafter, presented by Consul Longyear and other game was played on a football oval at Shawfield Americans at Edinburgh. Individual silver med¬ Park, whose shape somewhat cramped the style of als were also presented to the Glasgow players. the heavy hitters and made necessary the adoption The proceeds were given to the Glasgow Royal In¬ of special ground rules. firmary. Considering the unfamiliarity with baseball on One item of interest was the fact that the game the part of Glasgow’s population, there was a fair was played with an “Official Royal Match Ball sized audience, which was instructed in advance “made in Japan by Royal and Company” “by regarding the rules and the fine points of the excellent workmen regulation,” according to the game by commentators, using loud speakers, who label on the individual cardboard boxes in which also indulged in a running commentary as the the balls were packed. The ball is further self- contest proceeded. While this furnished a certain commended as “extraordinary speedy match ball amount of information and amusement, it did not untiring for pitcher” and is said to have “cow altogether dispel the somewhat natural ignorance hide cover.” This description is supported by the of the crowd, which ignorance was shared by the words in Japanese Kata-Kana—Roya-ru ma-(tsu)- half-dozen newspaper reporters present, who con¬ chi Bo-ru. tinually implored nearby Americans to interpret the action and events which were taking place under their eyes on the diamond below. LEIPZIG It was not easy always to satisfy them, especial¬ Consul and Mrs. Ralph C. Busser recently ly on one occasion when a two-bag hit having gave a reception at their home to the sixty-five brought a runner home, it was charged and finally American piano teachers who, as members of the conceded that the Glasgow batsman had neglected Art Publication Society having its headquarters to touch first base on his way to second. 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539 Conservatory of Music in Leipzig their 1935 Eu¬ second one being the right one), where he made ropean Master Session, lasting three weeks. In the train with exactly three seconds to spare. addition to these teachers, who represent 18 The following is Mr. Wixon’s version; some of States of the Union, the reception was attended the rhymes deriving from his Marblehead, Mass., by the Mayor and leading members of the City ancestry and others from his innate nashery: Council; Dr. Bumke, President of the Supreme Court of Germany; Professor Dr. Hans Driesch, HOLING A DRIVE Vice Consul Harrison Lewis; Professors Teich- Listen my children and you shall hear mueller, Rohden, Weinreich and Arlberg, of the Not of the ride of Paul Revere; Conservatory of Music; Professors Wollgandt For Paul, alas, had naught but a hoss, and Eichhorn, of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Or¬ Not so, our hero, Wesley Frost. chestra; and by a number of other leading mem¬ A steed of steel and power he driv, bers of local musical circles. The gentlemen were And I who rode with him still live accompanied by their wives. The musical pro¬ To tell the tale of that thrilling ride gram consisted of solos sung by Baroness Tillie Over the rolling countryside; von Fuchs of the Leipzig opera house, and by Flying along like a thing possessed, Fraeulein Margarete Huensch, both accompanied Leaping through space atop the crest, on the piano by Herr Fritz Weitzmann; followed Not pausing for curves or coming cars, by selections on the cello by Herr Fritz Schertel, Unheeding jolts; ignoring jars, the well-known instructor at the Conservatory For in thirty minutes we must make of Music. The visiting American teachers have A journey for which one should take also been entertained at the City Hall by the At least an hour lest he be in haste Mayor and City Council of Leipzig; by Dr. To sever ties from this dreary waste. Bumke, President of the Supreme Court, and I don’t know which of us was braver, Mrs. Bumke, and by other local authorities and But when Frost reached for a life-saver institutions. Various music recitals also have And handed me one at seventy-five, been arranged for their entertainment. My thought was for Pete’s sake drive Both hands on the wheel; eyes on the road FOOCHOW For I’m not in the least bit bored; Hsun-Chung Yen, clerk in the Consulate at Soon after ’twas, “Speed limit’s thirty, Foochow, has again been a prize-winner in an¬ And while, mayhaps, the cops aren’t shirty nual international shorthand contests. They do pick up a big revenue Pinching suckers like me and you.” MONTREAL So playing safe, he slowed down to fifty; The Hon. Henry L. Stimson, former Secretary Not stingy, just simply thrifty. of State, visited Montreal in July, en route to the Soon just round a bend, over our side Gaspe Peninsula on a fishing excursion. A week Coming towards us a car was spied; later the Consul General’s kitchen deity tele¬ Deft turn of the wheel; blast of the horn; phoned to the office in great excitement, “Mr. Inches to spare; we rushed along. Frost, there’s been a salmon delivered here as Next ’twas a traffic line going slow big as a MOOSE!” Various members of the staff And miles in minutes still to go; can testify to the excellence of this trophy of Could we make it; chances seemed slight, Colonel Stimson’s piscatorial prowess. But cutting to left then to right Irving F. Wixon, Deputy Commissioner of Im¬ Soon the last car is left to rear migration, who recently won the golf champion¬ And I began breathing freer; ship of the Department of Labor, visited Mon¬ My heart sank back to its normal place, treal in June and was the guest of Consul Gen¬ I began to enjoy the race eral Frost at Laval-sur-le-Lac Golf Club with a Of miles gainst time at breakneck speed number of friends. There wras some good-natured To admire driver and his steed. discussion as to whether Mr. Wixon really meant Ed Wynn and Paul can stick to their hoss, to catch a 9 o’clock train from Montreal, eighteen A Franklin for me; driver Frost. miles away, but it was not taken seriously until And to them both I breathe a prayer Mr. Wixon borrowed the keys to the car and For we arrived with time to spare. brought it up to the veranda at 8:30 with his Irving F. W ixon. and Mr. Frost’s clubs in it. His intentions being thus disclosed as very earnest indeed, Mr. Frost Brother Wixon need not have had any appre¬ accepted the challenge and delivered him suc¬ hensions. In twelve years of driving—we hope cessively to two railway stations in Montreal fthe less hectic—the C. G. has not had an accident. 540 ROCKEFELLER CENTER NEW YORK CITY ^rrlOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS are cordially invited to visit Rockefeller Center. 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