Caribbean Heritage Month July 2020
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Connections Caribbean Heritage Month July 2020 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PMB Administrative Services AVSO CADR IBC OFAS OHA Our Vision: To Deliver Outstanding Products and Customer Service While Actively Creating and Sustaining a Respectful Focus Message from the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Administrative Services Dear Administrative Services Team: Welcome to the third monthly issue of Connections, our publication celebrating the cultural heritage and diversity of the Department of the Interior’s workforce. Thank you sincerely for the enthusiastic reception you have given to our first issues, and for sharing it throughout the Department. It is truly an honor and privilege to tell the stories of our cultural backgrounds that may be quite different at first glance yet connect us through the human experiences we all hold dear: family, friends, dreams, hope and love. There is so much more that connects us than divides us. I hope you will join me in recognizing that truth every day. I would like to take a moment to thank our Journeys/ Connections team for their fine work supporting DOI’s CARIBBEAN-AMERICAN HERITAGE MONTH JULY 2020 Special Emphasis Program monthly observances: • Julie L. Spano, Business and Administrative Division 2 Welcome 3 The Caribbean at a Glance • Abigail T. True, AVSO 4 US National Parks of the Caribbean • Roberta Richardson, OFAS 6 Castillo San Felipe del Morro • Tonianne Baca-Green, OHA 7 Alexander Hamilton / Nevis 8 Colin Powell / Jamaica • Tahirih Varner, CADR 10 Sonia Sotomayor / Puerto Rico • Michael Pritchett, IBC 11 Rihanna / Barbados • Gary Bremen, NPS 12 Geoffrey Holder / Trinidad and Tobago 13 Kirami James / Grenada • Steve Carlisle, IBC 14 Wyclef Jean / Haiti 15 Anna Maria Horsford / Antigua and Barbuda In this issue, I was delighted to see the story about former 16 Cuban Art Exhibit Secretary of State Colin Powell (page 8), whose parents 17 Know Before You Go: Shopping the Caribbean 19 DOI’s Caribbean-American Family immigrated to New York city from Jamaica in the first 20 Voices for Change decades of the twentieth century. I had the privilege of 21 Grenada’s Underwater Sculpture Park meeting Secretary Powell while I was serving in the State 22 About the Special Emphasis Program Department many years ago, and am inspired daily by his “13 Rules” of leadership (page 9). I hope you enjoy his story, and the stories of other notable Caribbean-Americans who have helped to shape our world. Take care and stay safe, - Jacqueline M. Jones 2 The Caribbean at a Glance Screen capture from Google Earth • As of 2016, about 13 million Americans - POPULATIONS approximately 4% of the total population - 1. Cuba 11,252,999 have Caribbean ancestry. 2. Haiti 10,981,229 • Approximately 63% of Caribbean immigrants in 3. Dominican Republic 10,766,998 Did the US live in the greater New York and Miami 4. Puerto Rico (US) 3,508,000 metropolitan areas. 5. Jamaica 2,729,000 6. Trinidad and Tobago 1,357,000 • On average, 25 million tourists visit each year. you 7. Guyana 747,000 • The Caribbean region includes about 700 islands, 8. Suriname 556,368 islets, reefs, and cays in and surrounding the 9. Guadeloupe (France) 405,000 know? Caribbean Sea. Across the Caribbean region, 10. Martinique (France) 383,000 there is diverse topography including coral reefs, 11. Bahamas 379,000 mountains, tropical forests, low-lying plantations, 12. Belize 347,369 valleys, waterfalls, and volcanoes. 13. Barbados 283,000 3 3 Focus on the National Parks of the Caribbean America’s Caribbean national parks. Christiansted National Historic Site protects by Gary Bremen, Biscayne National Park the capital of the Dutch West National Park Service Indies through buildings dating to the 18th and 19th When most people think “national park,” centuries. Less than 1% of forests, canyons and deserts usually come to mind well before Buck Island National palm trees and waves lapping on sandy, sun-soaked beaches, Monument is land, but it but did you know that six of the 419 US national parks are in the offers some of the best coral Caribbean? Add in Florida, and you have even more! reef experiences in the The US Virgin Islands boasts five areas managed by the National Caribbean. Established as part of the 500th anniversary of Park Service. The largest of these is on St. Johns: Virgin Islands Christopher Columbus discovering himself in the New World, Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve protects mangrove forests, one of the few bioluminescent bays in the world, and earthwork fortifications from the Dutch period. A short flight of about 100 miles to the Northwest is San Juan, Puerto Rico. San Juan National Historic Site is not only a national park, but also a World Heritage Site, designated by the United Nations due to its role in early Spanish colonization of the New World. The park includes the 15th century fortification of El Morro, which is connected via underground tunnels and a walled city to the fortress of San Cristobal, one of the largest and strongest Spanish forts ever constructed. [cont’d next page] Photo, left: Annaberg Historic District; below: Snorkeling at Buck Island National Monument. All photos by Gary Bremen National Park. In fact, about two- thirds of St John’s is national park, offering opportunities to hike, learn about the history of the transatlantic slave trade at the Annaberg Sugar Plantation, or just lie on a beach. When the park was established in 1956, most of the focus was on the land, and only about a third of the park is covered by water. President Clinton rectified that oversight in 2001 by proclaiming Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument. Most of its 12,000 acres are water, and most people are unaware there are two separate parks here. About 40 miles south of St. Johns is the island of St. Croix, home to three 4 4 Focus on the National Parks of the Caribbean [continued] While not technically part of the Caribbean, South Florida is after he often referred to as the Caribbean capital because of its assassinated economic, political and financial influence. Lying within sight of President Lincoln, downtown Miami…but worlds away…is the largest marine park was the most in the US National Park System. Biscayne National Park protects famous prisoner. aquamarine waters, emerald islands and fish-bejeweled reefs, Snorkeling, diving, as well as evidence of 10,000 years of human history. The park fishing, paddling, has many connections to other parts of the Caribbean, including camping and both English and Spanish shipwrecks, stories of an underground wandering the railroad route to the Bahamas, and hardy pioneers who came haunting brick from other islands to harvest sponges, turtles, mahogany trees alcoves and and the goods from wrecked ships. tunnels of the fort are among the Southwest of Miami, and nearly 70 miles beyond Key West, lies most popular a group of 7 tiny islands and some of the most unspoiled reefs activities. in the Atlantic. Dry Tortugas National Park is only accessible by boat or seaplane. Most visitors arrive on day trips and spend America’s Caribbean offers a different kind of National Park most of their time at Fort Jefferson, the largest masonry fort in experience, and therein lies the beauty of the National Park the Western world. Built to guard the Gulf of Mexico, the fort’s System: something for everyone. So go ahead! Get out there! most famous function was as a Union prison during the Civil Find YOUR park! War. Samuel Mudd, the doctor who set John Wilkes Booth’s leg Below: Gulf Islands National Seashore. Photos courtesy NPS 5 5 Castillo San Felipe del Morro in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico Few landmarks are more representative of Puerto Rico's legacy within the Caribbean and the Americas than Castillo San Felipe del Morro. This fortification on the corner of the islet of Old San Juan now greets cruise ships as they leisurely sail in and out of the bay, but during most of its nearly 500-year history it was an important military outpost for Spain and later the United States. When you walk through the narrow entrance, see the flags waving in the stiff Atlantic breeze and smell the salty sea air, it's easy to be transported to another time in history and imagine soldiers in antiquated uniforms marching along the edge of the wall where cannons fit snuggly into the embrasures. During a visit here, you won't just learn about El Morro but of the history of the island itself: why Puerto Rico's strategic location in the Caribbean made it an important port for those trying to expand their reach in the New World and how the United States made use of the fort during both World Wars. Photo by Jorge Colomar 6 Celebrating Americans of Caribbean Heritage Alexander Hamilton: musical, “Who lives, who dies, who tells your story?” Immigrants, We Get the Job Done! From Chernow’s biography: By Tonianne Baca-Green, JD, CADR From his illegitimate birth on Nevis to his bloody Alexander Hamilton, one of the Founders of our great nation downfall in Weehawken, New Jersey [killed by Vice was born in the Caribbean on the island of Nevis in the British President Aaron Burr in a duel], Hamilton’s life was so West Indies and raised on St. Croix in what is now known as the tumultuous that only an audacious novelist could have U.S. Virgin Islands. He is now top of mind due to the Pulitzer dreamed it up. He embodied an enduring archetype: prize and multiple Tony award winning musical Hamilton and the obscure immigrant who comes to America, re- the award-winning historical biography by Ron Chernow of the creates himself, and succeeds despite a lack of proper same name.