April 24, 1986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8727 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS HELPING PUBLIC HOUSING AU­ eventually become less dependent upon fed­ we were able to re-write our contract and THORITIES HELP THEMSELVES eral subsidy. provide the same level of service thereby Our tenants have telephones and are loyal saving the Authority a considerable amount users of Bell System services. In view of of money. HON. WYCHE FOWLER, JR. that the BellSouth's commitment to com­ We have reviewed our legal services con­ OF GEORGIA munity service, the Authority entered into a tract. Because of the growing demand for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES partnership that led to the weatherization legal services and legal advice due to in­ Thursday, April 24, 1986 of more than 12,000 units of public housing, creased amount of suits being levied against summer employment for public housing the Housing Authority and contracts need­ Mr. FOWLER. Mr. Speaker, as we review youth and job preparedness counseling for ing scrutiny, we went to an in-house staff the Federal commitment to housing assist­ youth. The Authority's summer weatheriza­ Counsellor, which was another means of re­ ance programs, I would like to share with you tion program has been funded by BellSouth, ducing costs. one local housing authority's efforts to devel­ over a four-year period, at a cost of $107,335. Even more importantly, we have A Scholarship Program is being devel­ op alternative sources of funding and greater improved tenant relations by providing job oped. Private industry and businesses are self-sufficiency. The following speech was de­ training and employment. asked to contribute to the fund to provide livered by Samuel A. Hider of the Atlanta Similarly, realizing that they too have a scholarships for youth living in the projects Housing Authority at a recent meeting of the commitment to their clients, the Authority who excel in academics and meet the crite­ Public Housing Directors Association trustees. approached Georgia Power Company with a ria for the scholarship eligibility. I believe it contains some creative, worthwhile partnership proposal. That partnership has Some of our staff have organized Track suggestions as to ways in which housing au­ provided more than $100,000, in labor to Teams that work with the Atlanta Track thorities can help themselves. I also believe weatherize our apartments. Club. Out of that Club have come state win­ The summer weatherization program ners; hopefully, we will produce Olympic that Mr. Hider's comments exemplify a re­ trained youth from our property sites to do sponsible, considered reaction to the prospect stars in years to come. jobs like weatherstripping of doors and win­ Our city passed an ordinance that all of declining Federal assistance. Therefore, I dows, caulking, installation of showerheads dwelling units in Atlanta must have smoke would like to submit the following statement and other energy conservation measures. detectors. After meeting with City Officials for the RECORD. A positive result of these programs has and our Public Safety Commissioner and WHAT ARE WE DoiNG To HELP OURSELVEs? been permanent employment for some of our young residents; while others gained discussing the limited funds the Housing

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

71-059 Q-87 -44 (Pt. 6) 8728 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April24, 1986 A POETIC TRIBUTE TO THE tion and the Democratic Party executive, and it. For some reason, Reagan begins to talk ''CHALLENGER'' ASTRONAUTS central committees. about coming down on Pinochet. From that, Banal retired from the Consolidated Coal we get State Department and Shultz state­ ments. Then the government panics, frets HON. DOUG BEREUTER Co.'s Piney Fork highwall mine as superin­ for a while-with the usual diplomatic com­ OF NEBRASKA tendent in 1973, having advanced in the in­ ments-and waits to see what will happen. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dustry after beginning as a coal driller at the From the United States-nothing, so they Dun Glen mine in 1936. While employed by begin to relax. They realize it is all rubbish. Thursday, Apri.l 24, 1986 Consolidated Coal Co., as a mine foreman, he I don't believe the U.S. will do anything. Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, the tragic contributed to the openings of the Franklin, Last week things seemed shaky and loss of the Challenger crew will never fade Friendship, Georgetown No. 11 , and Rose rumors came and went. Then, toward the from our memory. Their ill-fated mission will Valley No. 6 mines. end of the week, the government began to move again. First a statement by the Minis­ be remembered by every American who A testimonial dinner is being held on Mayor ter of Education to close all campus watched their story unfold under the glare of Banal's behalf on May 2 to honor his many branches that weren't completely filled, television cameras. successful years as mayor of Dillonvale in mostly in the provinces. The reason that Recently a fellow Nebraskan shared with keeping with the highest traditions of commu­ spots weren't filled was because the inscrip­ me a poem that she wrote in memory of the nity service. tion went up from 6,000 to 25,000 pesos, and astronauts. In brief, but heartfelt words, she Mr. Speaker, it is with great pleasure that I most people couldn't afford it. So the stu­ captures the feeling many of us share. pay tribute to a man who is not only a friend, dents went crazy and got ready for a fight. I request permission to have Mrs. Donna but an inspiration to the people and the com­ Throughout the year, the mobilization has been Mondays and Wednesdays for stu­ Crebbin's poem printed in the CONGRESSIONAL munity he has served for many years with dents, and Fridays for the women. This past RECORD so that my colleagues can experi­ such distinction. To mark Silvio Banal's depar­ Monday, about a thousand students arrived ence the vision she captures in poetry. ture from office, I ask that my colleagues join from the provinces where the campus 7 IN HEAVEN me in wishing him the best of luck in all of his branches had been closed. They slept Beyond-is space-a mystery! future endeavors. Monday night at San Joaquin and were Seven brave people are now history! scheduled to march to the Ministry of Edu­ Undaunted, courageous, so full of life! cation on Wednesday. Tuesday night there Probably good moments, but also strife A LETTER FROM CHILE were riots in a few of the shantytowns and a Gone! Where? To see God's face? carabinero (policeman> was killed. There And embrace them He did! HON. MICHAEL D. BARNES was a big deal on television. Wednesday the student march was severely repressed. Forty He loves every race! OF MARYLAND students, among them three student council Their images may soon fleetingly pass IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But never their bravery, how can one sur­ leaders, were jailed. The council went crazy pass? Thursday, Apri.l 24, 1986 and called for a sit-in at the main campus It's fleeting! It's final! when the curtain building. Things looked bad. Wednesday Mr. BARNES. Mr. Speaker, the news from night they released some students, but also comes down, Chile has not been good lately, but it has a And not one of us gets a chance to go back announced that another carabinero had around. hard time finding its way into the papers when been killed, and another had been kid­ How many can say at the end of their flight, put up against the daily headlines from Nica­ napped. A five thousand man search began. "I accomplished my mission-! fought a ragua and Libya. Therefore, I have made an On the news, nothing was said about the good fight!" attempt to keep my colleagues aware of what jailed students, and more incredibly, the In­ God bless these astronauts-at peace now in happens in Chile by inserting articles of note terior Minister was hinting that the increas­ space! ing violence might make it necessary to in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. impose a state of siege. They are getting Let's remember their courage and try to Today, however, I would like to share with keep pace! ready for some serious repression, but they my colleagues not just another analysis, but wouldn't do it if there was the slightest pos­ rather the words and thoughts of a Chilean sibility of U.S. action. TRffiUTE TO MAYOR SILVIO college student. I think this young man con­ I hate to be cynical, but there seems to be BANAL veys, more poignantly than any news story just talk and no action from the United ever could, the frustration and anger felt in States and I don't see why that should Chile, particularly by the generation of Chil­ change. Isn't it absurd, here we are again HON. DOUGLAS APPLEGATE looking to the United States for salvation. OF OHIO eans who have known nothing but the repres­ This country is messed up, we really have sion of General Pinochet. These young people IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES no future. have not had the opportunity to experience I can't believe the excuse about the suc­ Thursday, Apri.l24, 1986 Chile's long and proud tradition of democratic cessor problem. It is more than obvious that Mr. APPLEGATE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today rule, they have never seen the doors of the any compromise to replace the military will to honor Mayor Silvio Banal who has recently National Congress open, and they have never have to be done with the right. There are retired from 22 years of public service as had the opportunity to cast their vote in favor plenty of people who could do it. A national­ of or against the government that rules them. ist like Jarpa, or if they want the Christian mayor of Dillonvale. Democrats, there is Valdez or even Zaldivar. Mayor Banal, admirably referred to as I hope that my colleagues will hear the If they want neutrals, they can always "Curly" by his friends, retired on March 15. ·He message that this young Chilean is sending choose someone like Retamal. That's not had been actively involved in village govern­ us-they need the active and sustained sup­ the problem. The only reason for Reagan to ment and the Democratic Party for nearly port of the United States to bring about a want to change things here is for some three decades. He was elected to the Village democratic transition in Chile. Without pres­ propaganda reason or maybe as a bargain­ Council in 1957, and served as council presi­ sure from the United States, General Pinochet ing chip for Nicaragua. But all that is really dent pro tern before becoming mayor in 1964. will extend his 13-year reign as Chile's dictator much more complicated than I can deal to the end of this century. with, he may just get into Nicaragua with­ Since 1964, Banal has served Dillonvale as out having to bother about Chile-especial­ a dedicated mayor. During his term as mayor, Following are excerpts of the letter and the ly if Ortega keeps it up. I would like to he was instrumental in the organization of the text of a UPI wire story from Santiago, dated know what you think. I am very confused, Dillonvale Emergency Medical Service Squad, April 18, 1 week after the letter was written. and quite angry. the construction of two banks, a playground, a APRIL 11, 1986. senior citizen's center, the completion of two As far as politics go, I am completely con­ SANTIAGO, CHILE (UPI).-Soldiers in municipal annexations, and numerous street fused and very frustrated. I have begun to combat gear surrounded three university improvements and bridge repairs. get involved with the Centro de Alumnos campuses Thursday, and riot police arrested shall • be pletely housed in a single repository, many sity of Chile's economics school and dis­ printed as a House document, with illustra­ are divided among several libraries and ar­ lodged student occupiers at gunpoint, forc­ tions and suitable binding. In addition to chives. The papers of Henry Clay are locat­ ing them to walk out with their hands on the usual number, 5,000 copies of such docu­ ed in at least eighteen repositories from their heads. ment shall be printed for the use of the Massachusetts to California. Earlier, troops with blackened faces carry­ Office for the Bicentennial of the House of Although research on the House of Repre­ ing automatic weapons surrounded the Met­ Representatives. sentatives will continue to require visits to ropolitan University and the arts school of numerous archives, the survey reports con­ the University of Chile as police rounded up GUIDE TO RESEARCH COLLECTIONS OF FORMER vincingly establish the value of searching students and drove them away in buses. MEMBERS OF THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENT­ out the varied papers of former Members. "The military action against the universi­ ATIVES--1789-1987 The many diaries and private letters in ties is absolutely out of all proportion," said This publication will provide a vital re­ these collections contain the most descrip­ the president of the University of Chile stu­ source for all researchers interested in the tive and personal accounts of congressional dent union, Humberto Burotto, who was ar­ history of the Congress. A nationwide business. A memoir of William Armistead rested in the third raid. survey, launched by the Office for the Bi­ Burwell of Virginia describes his service as The protest, which halted classes at most centennial in April 1985 is locating the President Jefferson's secretary and his early of the country's 27 universities, was called manuscript collections and other historical years in Congress. Abijah Bigelow's letters by student organizations seeking the resto­ materials of the approximately 10,000 to his wife in Massachusetts, written be­ ration of university autonomy and an end to former Members of the House of Represent­ tween 1810 and 1815, describe congressional intervention in the schools by the military atives. The Guide will present the results of debates, reaction to the War of 1812, and government of President Augusto Pinochet. this survey along with descriptions of the daily life in Washington. The correspond­ The students are demanding an end to the manuscripts, diaries, oral histories, photo­ ence of James Hepburn Campbell of Penn­ direct appointment of top university offi­ graphs and memorabilia of former Repre­ sylvania chronicles the events in Washing­ cials by the military government and a sentatives. ton during the early months of the Civil return to the internal election of school au­ The national survey relies on enthusiastic War. thorities. state coordinators and other volunteers in By drawing on the materials catalogued in Burotto denied government accusations all fifty states. The coordinators, who gener­ the Guide and the new entries in the Bicen­ that arms had been found by police on one ously have agreed to assist in this national tennial edition of the Biographical Directo­ of the campuses. bicentennial effort, are persons who are fa­ ry of the United States Congress, researchers University authorities suspended classes miliar with the local repositories likely to will be able to tap the whole spectrum of at the schools after the demonstrations, contain papers of former Members. The vol­ sources available for individual Members. which began Tuesday, erupted into in vio­ unteers also provide a means of communica­ The ability to locate the extant sources on lent clashes with police. tion between libraries and archives within any number of Representatives from former their respective states and between the Congresses will encourage historians to FORMER MEMBERS GUIDE states and the Office for the Bicentennial. draw a more comprehensive picture of the Already the survey is complete in seventeen distinct role of the House of Representa­ states and material from others arrives tives. The publication of this Guide will HON.UNDY(MRS.HALE)BOGGS daily. make an important contribution to the Bi­ OF LOUISIANA Meanwhile, the staff of the Office for the centennial of the House of Representatives IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bicentennial is searching archival resources and it will be of lasting value long after the in Washington and examining collection Bicentennial is over. Thursday, April 24, 1986 guides published by major repositories. Mrs. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I am introducing They have found, for example, about five a resolution to authorize the printing of a re­ hundred former Members of Congress rep­ AFGHANISTAN: THE CRIMES search guide to assist scholars, archivists, and resented in the collections of the Boston CONTINUE historians to locate the historical papers, Public Library. The Office for the Bicenten­ nial searched the 720 card catalog drawers memoirs, diaries, and other memorabilia of of the National Union Catalog of Manu­ HON. JIM COURTER former Members of the House of Representa­ script Collections at the Library of Con­ OF NEW JERSEY tives. This publication, the "Guide to Re­ gress. Information from all these sources is search Collections of Former Members of the compiled, edited, and entered into a special­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. House of Representatives, 1789-1987," ly-designed computer program, thereby cre­ Thursday, April 24, 1986 is a project of the Office of the Bicentennial ating a data base and a publication file si­ Mr. COURTER. Mr. Speaker, sometimes we and was prepared under the supervision of multaneously. seem to have fallen silent on the struggle in the historian of the House, Dr. Raymond The number of individuals serving in the House, particularly in the nineteenth centu­ Afghanistan. But the war in that country in­ Smock. ry when most Members remained for only a volves nothing less than the extermination of This project has been endorsed by the term or two, and the often random dispersal whole portions of the population, and such Commission on the U.S. House of Represent­ of personal papers have prevented scholars crimes deserve something well beyond si­ atives Bicentenary as an important element in from recreating a comprehensive account of lence. our preparations for the celebration of the many aspects of the history of the House of One of the leaders on this issue has been 200th anniversary of the U.S. Constitution in Representatives. By establishing a central the Honorable GORDON HUMPHREY of New 1987 and the bicentennial of the legislative file for information on the location of sur­ Hampshire, and the April edition of American branch of our Government in 1989. viving manuscripts, the survey and guide will open a new range of opportunities for Legion magazine carries another of his essays I am joined in sponsoring this resolution by research. Historians will have access to the on the continuing tragedy. I want to recom­ several of my colleagues on the Commission, collections of powerful Speakers and the mend it to my colleagues in the House, and Mr. GINGRICH, Mr. HENRY, and Mr. SHARP. I papers of little known Members who served so I ask that it be placed in the RECORD of would like to insert a more complete explana­ only a short time. The range and diversity today. tion of the purpose of our legislation immedi­ of sources included in the guide undoubted­ ately following my remarks, along with the text ly will contribute to a richer, more balanced [From American Legion Magazine, April of the resolution. view of earlier Congresses. 1986] The initial returns from the survey dem­ AFGHANISTAN: CRIES IN THE WILDERNESS H. RES. 434 onstrate the difficulties historians have Resolution authorizing printing of the com­ faced without a central guide to the records Maine Con­ cide that has killed some one million tives, 1789-1987" gressman Elisha Hunt Allen are in the Afghan men, women and children. Approxi­ Resolved. That the compilation of materi­ Hawaii Public Archives. A letter book kept mately four million have fled from their als entitled "Guide to Research Collections during the Revolutionary War by Elias Bou­ country, mainly to Pakistan. Millions more of Former Members of the United States dinot, later a Congressman from New have been driven from their homes, forced House of Representatives, 1789-1987" (pre­ Jersey, is in the State Historical Society of into internal exile, leaving one third of the pared by the Office for the Bicentennial of Wisconsin. While some collections are com- original population of 15 million. 8730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1986 The numbers are staggering to compre­ eThe Mghan freedom fighters need mili­ doing of those human rights to which this hend, but the war still goes largely unno­ tary and humanitarian aid more desperately nation has always been committed, and to ticed by the rest of the world. It is a closed than ever, but Congress cannot provide that which we are committed today at home and and silent war-the Kremlin has succeeded assistance by itself. The administration around the world." in hiding it from civilized people every­ must live up to its rhetoric and its promises. It had become clear in the subsequent two where. The current administration has said that decades that there was much hesitancy, de­ Moscow has a long-range view of the free people have a moral obligation to sup­ spite extreme provocation, to resort to force war-to outlast the freedom fighters. The port those willing to fight for their liberty. or even to recognize terrorism's undoing of Kremlin has referred to its colonization The brave freedom fighters of Mghanistan human rights. Global involvement has been campaigns of the 1920s and 30s in what is have been fighting-and dying-for six regarded as much too costly. now Soviet Central Asia as a model for the years. It is hard to imagine a more compel­ The additional thoughts, so well put by current strategy in Mghanistan. This is the ling cause for our support. the young president, had almost been calculating, steamrolling nature of the com­ mocked: "Let every nation know, whether it munist machine. It's hard for Americans to wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any understand that kind of strategy. Because BEARING THE BURDEN price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, we misunderstand the nature of the war, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure and because the facts are not out in plain HON. DOUG BEREUTER the survival and the success of liberty." view, we fall prey to characterizations of the Perhaps surprisingly, there is in the war as a "stalemate" where not much is OF NEBRASKA person of Ronald Reagan a member of an happening. We are led to believe that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES old generation willing, as more timid and Soviets are losing their resolve and that the Thursday, April 24, 1986 hopeful souls are not, to recognize that the freedom fighters don't need our help. Gor­ survival and success of liberty are not with­ bachev leads us, like the Pied Piper, with his Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, the American out risk and sacrifice. pretty songs of "peace offensive" and "troop bombing raid on Libya has been the focus of The nation has acted to deal with Col. withdrawal." enormous public attention in the United Khadafy in the only way possible. Until he What was once a pastoral nation of proud States. But in contrast to many other major changes or is replaced by those who reject farmers and villagers has been transformed the philosophy of pursuing their objectives into a bloody battlefield where some 118,000 foreign policy issues of the day, it has not been controversial. There are those, to be through terrorism, more such actions will Soviet troops commit unspeakable torture be required. and murder. sure, who opposed the raid on various "A whole nation is dying," said Moham­ grounds, but a substantial majority of Ameri­ med Eshaq, a resistance leader from Af­ cans feel that President Reagan had no OPENING FOREIGN MARKETS ghanistan's Panjsher Valley. He and scores choice but to respond as he did. A recent edi­ BY UNDERSTANDING THEM of other refugees, resistance fighters and torial in the Norfolk Daily News makes the victims were interviewed extensively and quoted in two human rights reports by Hel­ point that we dealt with Qadhafi "in the only HON. PHIUP M. CRANE sinki Watch and Asia Watch: "Tears, Blood, way possible." I commend the editorial to my and Cries" and "To Die in Afghanistan." colleagues. OF ILLINOIS Eshaq described in one report the fate of [From the Norfolk Daily News, Apr. 16, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES two elderly brothers in his village during a 19861 Thursday, April 24, 1986 communist incursion: "The Russians came, BEARING THE BURDEN tied dynamite to their backs and blew them Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the U.S. trade up." The Soviets tie up men, women and It would be preferable for the American deficit is the subject of growing concern in children, pour gasoline on them and burn government to combat terrorists covertly, Congress and the Nation. As concern grows, them alive. Refugees have testified that the James Bond style. Obtaining specific infor­ mation about who they are, where they are it is important that solutions be found that are communist soldiers systematically enter within the parameters of the free trade envi­ households and execute all the inhabitants, and then having clandestine agents on the including women and children. Pregnant scene to rout them out would be the ideal ronment. women are disemboweled with bayonets. way to handle Moammar Khadafy's terror­ Experiments in protectionism have proven Entire families and villages are herded into ists, or any others. costly and ineffective over the years. Protec­ their homes, which are then blown up and That happens only in the movies. In the tionism invites retaliation by our trading part­ burned. Parents are executed before their real world today there are no activities of ners and risks economic disaster. We cannot children's eyes. the Central Intelligence Agency which do afford to forget the lessons taught by the dis­ not risk disclosure. A department of dirty Thousands of Afghan children are sepa­ astrous Smoot-Hawley Act which led to the rated from their families by deceit or force, tricks which might once have been engaged then shipped to Russia for Marxist indoctri­ to deal with a Khadafy more on his own Great Depression. nation and training. They learn to fight and terms has been disbanded. Information The only things industries are protected to spy for the Soviets. Many of the children sharing with committees of Congress which from by protectionist measures are the reali­ who are not plucked from their war-tom are held to have special interests in the ties of the marketplace. This encourages com­ homeland are killed and maimed by bombs, plans and performance of intelligence agen­ panies to put off needed modernizations and disguised to look like toys, which explode cies proves a special risk. Confidentiality is product improvements, further delaying the when curious children pick them up. The difficult to maintain. Policy critics seem quick to reveal more than they should, in day when American products will compete Soviets have destroyed food supplies and ir­ more favorably in world markets once again. rigation canals, burned orchards and wheat the interests of another worthy objective, fields, and massacred livestock. They have which is openness in the conduct of all the Perhaps part of the trade imbalance prob­ bombed hospitals and executed or impris­ nation's affairs. lem is, as Tom Peters recently wrote in U.S. oned the doctors. When it comes to terrorism of the sort News & World Report, that American industry The United States has dragged its feet on sponsored by Col. Moammar Khadafy's gov­ does not always succeed in adjusting to the providing aid to the Afghans. Congress has ernment in Libya, that leaves no other re­ needs of foreign markets. Protectionist meas­ secured some U.S. support for the freedom course than a military strike. ures would misdirect the energy of both Amer­ fighters, but the State Department has President Reagan has used American ican industry and the Congress. Let us instead thwarted increases in aid. When aid was fi­ force wisely, in a timely way, with more nally authorized for 1985, the State Depart­ than sufficient warning to Col. Khadafy direct our energy to solving the fundamental ment took seven months to allocate a paltry and with adequate consultation with mem­ problems of our trade imbalance. In Congress, $6 million to relief agencies. Congress re­ bers of Congress as well. this means developing sound fiscal policies to cently appropriated an additional $15 mil­ In this positive action taken Monday we reduce the budget deficit. In industry, it lion for humanitarian aid despite more re­ are reminded of the words uttered long ago, means, in part, tailoring American productions luctance from the State Department. With­ by President Kennedy in his 1961 inaugural: more closely to the needs of foreign markets. out the congressional initiative, there would "Let the word go forth from this time and As consumers, Americans expect other have been no new money at all. place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch Many of the volunteer medical and chari­ has been passed to a new generation of countries to tailor their goods and services to table organizations aiding wounded Afghan Americans-born in this country, tempered suit the American market. Foreign markets freedom fighters and refugees say the funds by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter have the right to expect no less from us. promised by State Department officials are peace, proud of our ancient heritage-and Indeed, we cannot reasonably expect foreign not arriving on a timely basis. unwilling to witness or permit the slow un- consumers to buy our products if they do not April24, 1986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8731 meet their needs. To be competitive abroad, disposal-razor market. It beat Gillette be­ vide consumers with a low-cost source of we need to apply the same standard of cause it mastered the ins and outs of electricity. All utilities in the State, publicly and market sensitivity to ourselves that we Japan's wholly different distribution privately owned alike, understandably seek to system, and patiently built relationships demand of our foreign suppliers here. with Japanese distributors, while Gillette obtain the benefits of this resource for their I have included the article by Mr. Peters that was insensitive to this problem. respective consumers. This is particularly true appeared in the March 3, 1986, issue of U.S. In the early '80s, it took telecommunica­ in my district, which is served in part by an in- News & World Report. I would urge my col­ tion-equipment manufacturer Rolm 20 visits vestor-owned utility and in part by a municipal leagues and many sectors of American indus­ to gain the company's first small order from utility. The municipal utility is in the city of try to give it serious thought: the Japanese, but Rolm stuck with it. An Anaheim, the largest city in my district, and CLOSED MINDS CAN'T OPEN MARKETS even better example is IBM, which recently purchased Rolm. Big Blue's computers are serves 93,000 ratepayers, most of whom are The U.S. achieved its export dominance in fine enough, as always, but Japanese indus­ my constituents. By the same token, the rest the aftermath of World War II, when no try experts attribute IBM's $3.1 billion in of the district receives power from the private competition from abroad existed. For two sales to Japan last year to its longtime devo­ utility. I have sought to do my best to help decades after the war, our strategy was to tion to offshore product development. IBM come up with a balanced proposal that lets all peddle products past their prime overseas, simply is willing to listen to the customers with little attempt to tailor these goods to utilities compete on fair terms for this re­ and adapt products to their needs. The firm source. H.R. 44 as amended by the commit­ foreign tastes. never quits pressing. Last year it moved its Things have changed. Not only have for­ entire Pacific region headquarters from tee and passed by the House represents such eign economies rebounded, but they have Armonk, N.Y., to Tokyo. an approach. become stiff competitors overseas as well as Borg-Warner is delighted to provide trans­ The particular issue which prompted con­ in the U.S. It is increasingly difficult for us gressional legislation in the first place is to gain access to new markets or even to missions for Nissan's 280Z and 300ZX. hold our own in old ones. The truth is, our Nissan insists that every part be polished to whether or not a preference for a municipal previous successes abroad were won because a high finish, even parts completely hidden utility applies to the relicensing of hydro there were no alternatives, not because we from the customers' view. Borg-Warner did projects just as it does when an original li­ had honed our international management it and got the business. cense is issued. The Federal Energy Regula­ There is no other magic. Executives who skills. tory Commission confirmed in 1980 that such For instance, Detroit managed to sell only are successful in Japan report the same set of factors for their success time after time. a municipal preference does apply to relicens­ 1,300 cars to Japan last year. But BMW, the ing. The 11th U.S. Court of Appeals upheld favorite car of Japan's "yuppies," sold 6,000 "Form is as important as substance." "Rela­ autos, an increase of 50 percent from the tionships are key." "Extended contact." this result and the U.S. Supreme Court denied year before. How does BMW succeed where "Patience." "Sell yourself before you sell certiorari. A panel of the U.S. Court of Ap­ we fail? The reason is that we refuse to the product." "Americans fail to focus on peals for the District of Columbia Circuit adjust to the Japanese convention of put­ the intangibles." "Continuity of manage­ reached the same conclusion late last year. ting steering wheels on the right. By not ment." "Delicate and continuous stroking." "No hit and run." "Direct and regular The latter case is being heard on appeal by doing so, we're caught in a vicious circle. We the entire D.C. circuit court at the present assume the Japanese don't cotton to Ameri­ senior-person contact." "Contact at multiple can cars, so we don't extend ourselves to levels." time. meet their needs. It is tempting to blame A senior marketing executive at Seattle­ Current law, then, as interpreted by the our difficulties on unfair subsidies by for­ based John Fluke Manufacturing Company courts to date, is that a municipal preference eign governments to their domestic indus­ says that its success turned on providing applies to relicensing under the Federal Power tries. But the truth is we are shooting our­ "all the features the Japanese want, and Act. I have long believed that this question is selves in the foot. sales persons fluent in the Japanese lan­ guage and trained in the benefits of the best answered by Congress. The issue, there­ A recent UNESCO study ranks American fore, is no longer whether the preference will people next to last on sensitivity to other product." He adds: "These sound like simple cultures. Sixty-one percent of our business things. But you'd be surprised how infre­ be changed. The real question now is whether schools do not offer any international quently American companies pay attention it will be changed in such a way as to pre­ courses. The number of students who stud­ to those things in foreign markets." serve effective competition or not. The impor­ ied Japanese only grew from 9,500 to 11,500 Our closed minds and centuries-old isola­ tance of H.R. 44 is that while it eliminates the during the decade from 1973 to 1983 when tionist bent, not the policies of host-country municipal preference, it does not go beyond the Japanese challenge mushroomed. Just governments, lead to most of our failures that and swing the pendulum to the side of abroad. And not just in Japan. one of the 415 board members from the top giving a preference to the existing licensee, 25 U.S. export companies is Japanese-at Fizza Hut has learned exactly what cus­ Hewlett-Packard. tomers want overseas. Mexicans demand ja­ whether public or private. Rather, there is no If you still wonder why we are at' such a lapeno toppings; Canadians prefer bacon; statutory preference for any party under this disadvantage, consider that fewer than one and Koreans insist on low salt. Japan? Pizza legislation. The existing licensee already has third of Fortune 500 chief executives had Hut sells millions of pizzas there-mostly the benefit of operational knowledge from run­ any foreign tour of duty during their ca­ with generous portions of squid. ning the facility and the challenging applicant reers. Yet Sony Chairman Akio Morita lived can seek to win the license by coming up with in New York for two years before his com­ a better plan. In short, with the mask of pref­ pany launched its products here, sniffing HOUSE PASSAGE OF H.R. 44, out the market. Today, five of his children ELECTRIC CONSUMERS PRO­ erence for any applicant removed, all of them are working in Sony operations in the TECTION ACT may compete on a stand-up basis to convince United States. Mitsubishi has 700 people in FERC that their application is the best adapt­ New York devoted solely to studying U.S. HON. WILUAM E. DANNEMEYER ed to the public interest. markets. Thirty thousand Japanese nation­ OF CALIFORNIA While the law should be changed, fairness als are on the payrolls of Japanese compa­ and equity demand that we not make changes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nies in the United States. Japanese citizens in the law retroactively apply to cases pending in Manhattan alone number 96,000. By con­ Thursday, April 24, 1986 at FERC which were commenced under exist­ trast, a paltry 800 American citizens work in all of Japan. Mr. DANNEMEYER. Mr. Speaker, I support ing law and held up at FERC while the debate Will a surcharge on Japanese goods over­ H.R. 44, the Electric Consumers Protection over municipal preference has taken place. come this barrier? No, only one thing will: Act, as amended by the Committee on Energy Most of the 10 affected projects are in my Listening. Just look at some savvy U.S. com­ and Commerce on which I serve, and passed State of California. In two of the projects, the panies that have benefited by tuning in in­ by the House on Monday of this week, April municipal utility in my district joined with stinctively. 21. others in California to form a consortium to Coca-Cola spent a dozen unprofitable The standards and procedures which apply compete for projects now operated by the pri­ years before it gained a foothold in Japan. to the relicensing of non-Federal hydroelectric vate utility that serves the northern part of our All its products but Coca-Cola were changed to accommodate a Japanese preference for a projects are of considerable importance to the State. This consortium has spent at least $3.5 sweeter taste. It now has captured 60 per­ State of California in general and to the dis­ million in legal fees, engineering analyses, and cent of the soft-drink market. Schick com­ trict I represent in particular. California has environmental reports to pursue the applica­ mands a 70 percent share of the Japanese abundant hydropower resources which pro- tions. However, the change in the law con- 8732 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1986 tained in H.R. 44 does much more than affect in line. A shortage of funds, manpower, and and, like expanded audit coverage, creates these costs for it also takes away from them political support has taken its toll at the added incentives for compliance by taxpay­ the opportunity to obtain power under the agency, and increasing numbers of Ameri­ ers. terms of existing law. cans believe that they risk little by cheating Far more will have to be done, however, to on their taxes. All of us have an interest in assure the smooth operation of the IRS on Given the importance of this issue to my an IRS able to administer effectively the into the next century. It has been under­ district, I was pleased to be able to have nation's tax laws and to collect its revenues. staffed, underfunded, undertrained, and un­ worked with my colleagues in the delegation When one American cheats on his taxes, the derequipped. The IRS is planning to expand who are similarly situated, led by the gentle­ rest of us have to pay more. its conputerized auditing systems, which man from California [Mr. MATSUI]. Together The most immediate concern facing the nabbed 6 million faulty returns last year. It with our colleagues on the committee, and IRS is avoiding a repeat of the 1985 debacle is also experimenting with computerized tax others from our delegation, we came up with when, at the height of tax season, its new filing services, which, for a small fee, will section 10 in H.R. 44. This provision force computer system broke down. Thousands of feed tax returns directly into IRS comput­ will taxpayers were dunned for taxes they did ers, eliminating the need for cumbersome the competing parties to negotiate a settle­ not owe, millions of refunds were delayed paper returns. But such modernization pro­ ment, or FERC will impose one, if the new law for months, and understaffed IRS tele­ grams will go nowhere without adequate po­ is to apply to these projects. The compensa­ phone lines went unanswered while inquir­ litical and fiscal support. The Administra­ tion must include both the reasonable costs ers fumed. But the mishap cost the IRS tion, realizing that previous attempts to incurred by the competing applicant and a more than frazzled nerves. IDtimately, an limit funds for the IRS have cost the gov­ reasonable percentage of the net investment additional $69 million was spent by the ernment billions in lost revenue, requested value of the project in question. The bill con­ agency to cover interest on delayed returns, $340 million in additional funding for the tains factors that FERC shall take into consid­ employee overtime pay, and productivity agency for 1986. In my view, adequate fund­ eration in determining the appropriate com­ losses. ing for the IRS must continue despite cur­ The most costly result has been the rent attempts to reduce federal spending pensation and may award such amount that it damage done to IRS credibility. Traditional­ and the deficit. Members of Congress must finds to be reasonable based upon how the ly, the agency has relied largely on volun­ remember that the IRS can increase reve­ factors relate to any given project. It is imper­ tary compliance in revenue gathering, but nues just by being able to enforce the law. ative that any bill which comes out of confer­ cheating is now on the rise as growing num­ On a more fundamental level, the problem ence contains satisfactory compensation for bers of taxpayers are tempted to test the of tax evasion lies less with the IRS than these projects, as the House bill provides. IRS's scrutiny. Contrary to popular belief, with the tax code itself. As long as the tax In addition to the above, the legislation also illegal activities and large corporations ac­ code is so ·complex that even two IRS tax provides more flexibility for FERC to award count for only a small portion of tax cheat­ counselors can interpret it differently, as ing, just 10% and 7% respectively. Ordinary long as taxpayers with the same income pay adequate compensation when a project does citizens are responsible for the vast majori­ widely different taxes, as long as wealthy in­ change hands, strengthens the environmental ty-over 80%-of the tax cheating that goes dividuals and successful corporations can criteria with particular emphasis on the impact on in the U.S. avoid taxes altogether, and as long as spe­ of hydro projects on fish and wildlife, and The rapid decline in tax compliance is par­ cial interests appear to receive tax breaks at makes certain that if a project is transferreed ticularly alarming in light of the federal the expense of all others, compliance with the transferee can obtain access, on reasona­ budget deficit crisis. Compared to a deficit the tax code will continue to decline. Over­ ble terms, to needed transmission facilities. of $180 billion this year, tax cheating cost hauling the IRS will not solve the problem In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, while this legis­ the Treasury an estimated $107 billion in if most taxpayers believe the tax code is 1985, up from $23 billion in 1973. By 1990, it fundamentally unfair. That is why the lation resolves the questions about municipal could reach $160 billion. In the frantic at­ thrust of tax reform-to reduce tax rates, preference, there are other items on the tempt to reduce the deficit without raising plug tax loopholes, and ensure that all tax­ agenda of electric issues that merit our further new taxes, many members of Congress are payers are paying their fair share of taxes­ consideration. We have witnessed the con­ realizing that improved tax compliance is so important. Reforming the IRS is neces­ sumer benefits, in the form of lower rates, could bring large sums into federal coffers sary for improving taxpayer compliance, but which flow to ratepayers of natural gas utilities with no pain to the honest taxpayer. so is reforming the tax code. by virtue of more access to natural gas pipe­ Reducing the "tax gap" will not be easy, line transmission facilities. This is a lesson we as the agency has suffered years of neglect. In the early 1970s, after the IRS was used ARMENIAN GENOCIDE should keep in mind for regulating the trans­ to harass political enemies of the adminis­ mission of electricity as well. tration, its funding was curbed. The request for the new IRS computer system originat­ SPEECH OF INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE ed in 1970, but funding was delayed until 1982, and the new system came on line only HON. MEL LEVINE last year. Chronic funding shortages have OF CALIFORNIA HON. LEE H. HAMILTON also made it difficult to hire and retain IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF INDIANA qualified personnel. In any given tax season, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES only 40% of the seasonal employees-those Tuesday, April 22, 1986 primarily handling returns-have had previ­ Mr. LEVINE of California. Mr. Speaker, Thursday, April 24, 1986 ous experience at IRS. Audit staff has dwin­ want to commend my colleagues for reserving Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would like to dled, and the proportion of returns audited this time to enable us to participate in this insert my Washington Report for Wednesday, has fallen steadily, from 5% in the 1960s, to special order commemorating the 71 st anni­ April 23, 1986, into the CONGRESSIONAL 1.2% last year. versary of the beginning of the genocide of RECORD: If tax compliance is to improve, the IRS must reestablish its reputation as an effi­ the Armenian people. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE cient and credible federal agency. Toward The Armenian genocide began with the The Internal Revenue Service is the this end, the agency has taken steps to pre­ roundup by the Ottoman Turkish Government federal agency everyone loves to hate. Every vent a repeat of last year's confusion. Soft­ of Armenian community intellectuals in Istan­ member of Congress hears a litany of com­ ware bugs have been removed, enabling IRS plaints about the IRS-especially at this computers to work 68% faster than last bul, who were then executed in cold blood. time of year. Taxpayers have trouble get­ year, and overall computer capacity has Before it was over, 1 % million Armenians ting tax advice from the IRS, and many feel been increased by 40% over 1985. The Presi­ were brutally slaughtered in a rampage that harassed by it. They complain they are dent has proposed adding 7500 auditors by lasted for 2 years. treated as if they are guilty until they prove 1988, which could have a large payoff in rev­ Although this slaughter was unprecedented their innocence. Tax counselors complain enues. A Congressional Budget Office study in modern times, it went largely ignored by the that the IRS is far behind in writing regula­ concluded that every additional $1 spent on world. Yes, there were reports of the heinous tions to clarify the law. Errors plague the compliance enforcement could generate as system, and phone calls and letters to the much as $16 in unpaid revenues. In addi­ deeds being committed, but, as it seems with IRS go unanswered. tion, the House-passed tax reform bill, now other systematic, mass murders, little if any­ Once regarded as a paragon of efficiency pending in the Senate, includes measures to thing was done to stop it from happening. But among federal agenices, the IRS is quickly boost penalties for tax evasion. That could it did happen, and we must not forget that it losing the respect that has kept taxpayers generate an additional $8.3 billion by 1991, did. April 24, 1986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8733 The survivors of the Armenian genocide to Called West Park Terrace, these apart­ spies, and this too is typical of the official this day suffer not only the traumatic scars of ments are really a carefully planned village Soviet attitude toward its Jewish citizens. The seeing their families and loved ones cruelly that provide every need and recreation for the Soviet press is openly anti-Semitic. One popu­ tortured and murdered, but they and their chil­ senior citizen who can live independently. lar pulication recently claimed that "Zionists dren suffer the indignity of having every Turk­ West Park Terrace will offer a full service are trying to infiltrate all spheres of public ish Government deny the atrocities committed bank, a dining room with a chef, a general life." Last year, a so-called documentary was in 1915. store, a cocktail lounge, a health spa, a broadcast in Leningard detailed the Jewish We have heard the word genocide spoken beauty shop, and an arts and crafts center. In conspiracies against the Government. Hebrew often in this Chamber, and its meaning never addition, residents have access to a health teachers are frequently arrested on trumped­ ceases to conjur up visions of heinous and clinic, with doctors who do make house calls. up drug charges, and any cultural activist is horrific deeds. The memory of the Armenian West Park also built special apartments in commonly subject to a series of arrests, genocide and its historical importance must West Park Terrace that are specially accessi­ searches, and threats. be kept alive, and we must reject any at­ ble for handicapped seniors. There are approximately 2.5 million Jews tempts to bury it in the sands of history. As West Park does not just provide retirees living in the Soviet Union today, the third larg­ with all genocides, we must remember that with a place to live, it provides them a way of est Jewish population in the world, following they happened so that they will not happen life that is active and enjoyable. Too often, Mr. the United States and Israel. Most of these again. Speaker, our society takes for granted our people live in the urban areas, and, when per­ elder Americans, who deserve a pleasant and mitted, have been among the most educated COMMEMORATIVE LEGISLATION diginified retirement. The concept behind West and industrious of Soviet citizens. Yet this ex­ Park Terrace rejects the myth that senior citi­ emplary group has increasingly become the HON. BOB LIVINGSTON zens are too old to enjoy exercise, learn new object of a cold-blooded campaign of cultural skills, or continue the pursuit of a busy social and religious persecution. OF LOUISIANA life. And, the community is attentive to the Prevented from teaching or learning Jewish IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES special needs of seniors, by offering medical history and traditions, they are, in addition, Thursday, April 24, 1986 care and other services in close proximity. At denied the opportunity to emigrate. There are Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Speaker, in the past West Park Terrace, seniors do not have to over 350,000 Soviet Jews who are waiting to week, my staff has spent several hours orga­ fear walking or living alone, because its village leave. Some have been waiting for over 10 nizing, answering, and generally handling setup provides security as well. years, and many have, like Anatoly Shchar­ more than a dozen "dear colleagues" con­ I am impressed by this new style of retire­ ansky, spent that time in prison. cerning commemorative legislation. These re­ ment living because I think it gives everything My own adopted refusenik, Feliks Kochu­ quests for cosponsorship pour into my office our seniors have always asked for from retire­ bievsky, was ~lso a prisoner of conscience. each morning, calling for me to add my name ment: Independence, dignity, immediate medi­ Released last spring, he has been waiting with to everything from "National Food Bank cal attention if necessary, safety, and contin­ his wife since 1978 to rejoin their sons in Week" to "National Digestive Disease Aware­ ued enjoyment of activities they have pursued Israel. Mr. Kochubievsky's request for a visa ness Week." Now, while I understand the role all their adult lives. resulted in the loss of his job as a highly re­ that this type of legislation can play in alerting American retirees do not want to lean on spected senior electrical engineer, and ulti­ our citizens to important events and problems the government, they want a comfortable and mately in his arrest as a subversive. This in our society, I feel that Congress is not the secure retirement, with self-sufficiency and re­ criminal was a former recipient of the Soviet best institution to handle the situation. There­ spect for their maturity. I commend West Park Order of Merit for Patriotic Work. fore, I would like to express my support for for creating a retirement lifestyle that fulfills His request for a visa was refused for the H.R. 479. This bill, introduced by my col­ these well-deserved requests. same reason Shcharansky was originally league, WILLIAM WHITEHURST, would turn this denied-regime considerations. According to responsibility over to a commission that would PLIGHT OF SOVIET JEWRY the Soviet officials, the presence of these indi­ inexpensively make recommendations to the viduals abroad would be damaging to national President who would make the final decisions HON. JOHN McCAIN security. By far the most popular and conven­ on these matters; taking this expensive prac­ ient excuse used by the Government, its merit tice out of the hands of already overworked OF ARIZONA lies in the fact that it can be applied to those congressional staffs. You hear a lot of talk IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who have served in the military. Military serv­ these days about cutting the budget and re­ Thursday, April24, 1986 ice is, of course, compulsory in the U.S.S.R. stricting spending. I feel that this type of pork­ Mr. McCAIN. Mr. Speaker, I am indeed Anatoly Shcharansky's eventual liberation barrel legislation should have been the first to pleased to once again join the Congressional can be directly attributed to continued pres­ be cut. Mr. WHITEHURST has repeatedly Call to Conscience Vigil for Soviet Jews. This sure from the West, and to the unfailing ef­ stressed that passing this legislation would year has already been marked by the release forts of his wife, Avital. Feliks Kochubievsky save in the area of $1 million per year. Al­ of Anatoly Shcharansky, formerly one of the and his wife, Valentina, have not been so for­ though passing this legislation will not solve best known Jewish prisoners of conscience in tunate. They are both still waiting. We owe it our financial problems, it will be a good start the Soviet Union. As a member of the Con­ to the thousands of other refuseniks, as well and will send a message to those we repre­ gressional coalition for Soviet Jews, as well as as those who have served or are serving time sent that we can recognize frivolous and the Congressional Human Rights Caucus, I as prisoners of conscience, to renew the pres­ wasteful spending and do something about it. believe it is vital that we reaffirm our dedica­ sure on the Soviet Government. tion to the cause for which Shcharansky· Mr. Gorbachev's recent and alarming state­ WEST PARK TERRACE: served so many years in prison. ment that "the so-called problem of Jews in RETIREMENT AS IT SHOULD BE Although the release of Anatoly Shchar­ the Soviet Union does not exist" should be a ansky may appear promising, the Soviet lead­ warning. While permitting Helena Bonner to HON.THOMASA.LUKEN ership has given no indication that it will visit the West for medical treatment, and re­ leasing Anatoly Shcharansky would seem to OF OHIO permit Jewish emigration to occur on a signifi­ cant scale. In many ways, Shcharansky's case be proof of their growing understanding of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was typical of the Soviet Jewish experience. good public relations, the contrast between Thursday, April24, 1986 Once a highly respected computer scientist, the over 50,000 Soviet Jews who were permit­ Mr. LUKEN. Mr. Speaker, on May 4, West his application to emigrate and his involve­ ted to leave in 1979, and the paltry 1,140 who Park Community, a retirement community in ment in Jewish cultural activities soon cost left in 1985 is stunning, and, I think, speaks Cincinnati, will open an apartment complex him his job and eventually landed him in for itself. that is so innovative and exciting, I would like prison, where he spent the last 7 years. Progress cannot be measured by Soviet to share with my colleagues this new concept Shcharansky's liberation was touted by the rhetoric or by grand gestures, but only by of retirement living. Soviets as a trade, an exchange for convicted counting the number of Jews actually allowed 8734 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April24, 1986 to leave. The Soviet Government would like to to uninhabitable areas where starvation and TEST BAN FOLLY use Shcharansky's release as a diversion. The disease proved a cheap substitute for bullets. truth is that emigration is down, with only 53 Since World War I, genocides have oc­ Jews allowed to leave in March. That is the curred with devastating regularity. World War HON. GERALD B.H. SOLOMON lowest figure since last summer. II saw a number of genocidal attacks on OF NEW YORK Soviet Jews need a long-term, regularized whole peoples. The Jews and Gypsies of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES emigration policy. General Secretary Gorba- Europe, Balkan peoples, and others who were chev is planning a visit to the United States, viewed as racially inferior or simply in the way Thursday, April 24, 1986 and the Soviets have expressed an interest in of the war. Resistance to occupation was Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, sometime in expanding trade with American businesses. dealt with by mass murders of men, women, the near future we will consider the urgent We must make it clear that improved relations and children. supplemental appropriation for fiscal year are inextricably tied to the Soviet human rights Since World War II, there have been further 1986. record, and I am proud to have the opportuni- genocides for different reasons in different It is possible that an amendment by Con­ ty to make my appeal for Soviet Jews through · places. The Cambodian genocide directed gresswoman SCHROEDER to cut off all funds the Congressional Call to Conscience. against those who were in even the most for U.S. nuclear testing may be made in order. remote way connected with the past, stands I strongly oppose this amendment and intend A TRIBUTE TO COL. LEE H. as a recent example of this particular horror. It to speak against it if we take up this question. TUCKER seems that we have learned how to destroy, Because of this, I would like to bring to the but the road to peaceful resolution of disputes attention of my colleagues two editorials HON. DAN MICA and the recognition of all people's right to which recently appeared in the New York exist has not yet opened. Times and the Washington Post. Both raise OF FLORIDA As we remember the Armenian genocide serious questions about the advisability of a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES we are forced to look at similar episodes and nuclear testing moratorium at the present Thursday, April24, 1986 consider just how we might avoid such horrors time. Mr. MICA. Mr. Speaker, I would like to take in the future. To begin with, we might consider I would urge all of my colleagues to read a moment to speak about a veteran living in developing international agreements on the both of these editorials and join me in oppos­ my district. His name is Col. Lee H. Tucker conduct of modern war. Although everyone ing the Schroeder amendment: and he dutifully served this country's Army for can agree that aerial bombardments are likely [From the Washington Post, Apr. 7, 19861 to cause civilian casualties, the world commu­ over 32 years. THE TEST BAN TALK nity has not come up with an agreement to Colonel Tucker was appointed executive di­ What about a nuclear test ban? The rector of the Soldier's Savings Program during cease this particular horror. One way in which treaty of 1963 banned explosions in the at­ the Second World War. He was selected for we might honor those who died in genocides mosphere, in space and undewater, repeated the enthusiasm, initiative, and determination might be to begin work on controlling this efforts to extend the treaty to underground he had displayed in his duties. Under his lead­ modern form of genocide. We might also look tests have failed. Different administrations, ership, the program reached an all-time high to all of the destructive capability of modern including Jimmy Carter's have determined of 94.9 percent participation among civilian warfare and commit ourselves to avoiding war that it was more urgent to level off or personnel of the military establishment. and the use of the destructive weapons that reduce existing weapons than to fashion a I would like to quote from a September are available. ban on testing that would head off new weapons. They have felt that some new 1945 recommendation that Colonel Tucker be The hatred and ignorance which are neces­ weapons should be tested-at least weapons, awarded the Legion of Honor. It states: sary conditions for a genocide to occur have such as Midgetman, that serve the purpose Colonel Tucker, in making his outstanding grown far too costly in human lives and suffer­ of taking existing arsenals off a hair trigger. contribution to this most important phase ing to be borne any longer. Rational self inter­ Verification has always been in contention. of the War, displayed a willingness to ven­ est dictates that we abandon the seduction of So has reliability testing: in a nuclear world, ture into uncharted fields, unusual leader­ the easy solution and start to apply our knowl­ testing helps provide assurance that stock­ ship in developing teamwork among all com­ edge and our will toward creating a more piled weapons are accident-proof and that mands, initiative, foresight, keen intellect, peaceful world for ourselves and all of our they work. organizational ability, tremendous enthusi­ Nonetheless the test ban issue is back. It asm, and outstanding devotion to duty. fellow human beings. Victims of a genocide was nowhere near center stage at the can never be avenged. They can only be hon­ As Colonel Tucker approaches his 91st Reagan-Gorbachev summit. There Presi­ birthday on May 30, I would ask that every ored by our commitment to preventing such dent Reagan was insistent on wanting to de­ horrors in the future. velop, and therefore test, some new weap­ Member of this body join together in recogni­ ons, including the model of his Strategic De­ tion of the outstanding achievements of this fense Initiative, with a nuclear trigger. But veteran. PERSONAL EXPLANATION, VOTE the Soviet Union has been pushing it all the Although he has never been formally recog­ ON HOUSE RESOLUTION 432 same. nized by the U.S. Army for these services, let On the American side, a ban plays to 1> this proclamation stand as an official recogni­ people's desire to do something about a tion in honor of Col. Lee H. Tucker, for the su­ HON. DENNY SMITH seemingly endless process of arms-building, and 2> fears that arms are controlling gov­ perior performance of his duties as executive OF OREGON director of the Soldier's Savings Program. ernments instead of the other way around. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Many people understand that a test ban would leave both powers with large arse­ HONOR THE VICTIMS OF Thursday, April 24, 1986 nals, arsenals more dangerous than they GENOCIDE WITH PEACE Mr. DENNY SMITH. Mr. Speaker, yesterday need be. Especially when other arms control progress looks dim, however, a market ex­ was unavoidably detained on official busi­ SPEECH OF pands for an arms-control step that is, as ness, and therefore missed rollcall vote No. Mikhail Gorbachev says, the "simplest" HON. MAJOR R. OWENS 97, on the question of whether the House around. OF NEW YORK should consider House Resolution 432. This Actually, on the Soviet side, other consid­ resolution would effectively reinstate the previ­ erations appear to govern. Arguing for a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ous limits on Members' earned outside ban, Mr. Gorbachev has stated that doubts Tuesday, April22, 1986 income. This limit on outside income had that might grow about the reliability of one's nuclear arms, if they were not tested, Mr. OWENS. Mr. Speaker, in 1985 we been raised on Tuesday, April 22, as a result could slow down a reach for the trigger in a marked the 70th anniversary of the Armenian of a unanimous-consent request. crisis. This seems silly; no less implausible, geoncide. A relatively small national group Had I been present, I would have voted considering its source, is the lament that who happened to be caught in the middle of "yes" on the question of immediate consider­ further underground tests will "deface our World War I were quietly killed or marched off ation of House Resolution 432. beautiful planet." April 24, 1986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8735 His more serious calculation may be that President Reagan's antimissile defense initi­ film and stage, she has explored experiences the Soviets have more to lose than gain ative. that major studios rarely handle. In 1983, she from a foot-to-the-floor technological and However misconceived that "Star Wars" economic competition with the United program, the Administration is not obliged received the Congressional Arts Caucus States. If this is so, however, the Soviets can to kill it for free. It should be bargained Award for outstanding achievement in acting ease their burden by arms reductions. away in orderly fashion, for sizable reduc­ and independent filmmaking. Her dedication, Moscow may also hope a ban will shut down tions in nuclear stockpiles. talent, and creative energy have touched the SDI. Again, if this is so, Moscow can come in "Star Wars" aside, why should a test ban lives of everyone who has had contact with the front door in Geneva where space arms be a prepayment for a major arms control her. We are proud of her and grateful to her are already on the table; a test ban is the agreement? The Administration is pursuing for having enriched our lives. back door. Moscow may also calculate that a arms talks with the Soviet Union across a closed society can shave compliance or wide front; to hang toughest on the items resume testing more easily than an open so­ the Russians want most is not a bad tactic ciety. If this is so, it is no comfort to Ameri­ provided the negotiations are sincerely pur­ MARIE KINZLER-CARNEGIE'S cans. sued. And if the Administration were not EDITOR EMERITUS Two weekends ago, Mr. Gorbachev offered sincere, there is no way to make it so except Mr. Reagan what he said was a last chance at the ballot box. to join the seven-month Soviet unilateral Instead of urging the Administration to HON.DOUGWALGREN testing moratorium. He proposed an early throw in its hand on the test-ban issue, Con­ OF PENNSYLVANIA one-issue summit in Europe to start negoti­ gress would do better to elucidate the un­ ating a full treaty ban. The administration derlying facts. Would a test ban really halt IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at once complained about being pressed in the arms race? It would freeze technical public. For rejecting the offer, it will pay a change in warhead design, but not all Thursday, April 24, 1986 certain price in international and domestic changes have been bad. A freeze 20 years Mr. WALGREN. Mr. Speaker, I want to take opinion. But a bad weekend in the propa­ ago would have prevented development of a moment to salute one of my district's most ganda wars is not going to tum Mr. Reagan lower yield warheads and of permissive outstanding newspaper women-Marie around. Congress, in the unlikely event that action links, the safety devices that prevent a majority was so disposed, could seek to en­ unauthorized use of nuclear weapons. What Kinzler-a woman who has been chosen by force a moratorium by denying test funds, can one predict for a freeze now? the Chartiers Valley Commission on Human but it cannot compel him to negotiate a ban. The Livermore and Los Alamos laborato­ Relations to receive its 1986 Community Serv­ We do not say any of this cheerfully. Mr. ries that design nuclear weapons have a vig­ ice Award. Reagan had reason to say no to Mr. Gorba­ orous interest in opposing a test ban; it I have known Marie Kinzler for many years, chev on a. test ban, even though in saying no would put them largely out of business. really from the first days of my political life he is turning down the one arms control Congress should rigorously examine their when I walked into her office at the Carnegie agreement within visible reach. He is saying, contentions that stockpile testing is neces­ too-otherwise, he could not be taken seri­ sary and that seismic monitoring could not Signal-Item and urged her to write about this ously-that he can do better. Let him do so. detect Soviet cheating. young, unknown candidate for Congress. She Securing the answers to such questions did, as she would for any area resident with [From the New York Times, Mar. 31, 19861 would help lay the ground for a test-ban ne­ an interesting story to tell. gotiation. Shouting at the White House, es­ Marie Kinzler's professionalism as a news­ THE TEST BAN SHIBBOLETH pecially during the din of Mr. Gorbachev's person is the result of years of experience. A Mikhail Gorbachev sings a seductive tune public relations campaign, will not. in demanding a complete halt to further lifelong resident of the South Hills, Marie testing of nuclear weapons. The campaign is began writing for newspapers in the seventh going so well that he has twice extended a ELYSIUM THEATRE HONORS grade, where she first wrote and later edited self-imposed moratorium on Soviet nuclear ACTRESS/DIRECTOR LEE GRANT the Scott-T-News, her school newspaper. Her testing, piously declared last July to mark first boss was long-time friend Judge John the 40th anniversary of the American bomb­ Brosky who edited the Scott~T-News when ing of Hiroshima. HON. TED WEISS In the battle for public opinion, Mr. Gor­ OF NEW YORK Marie was a seventh-grader. bachev seems to be advancing easily. Last IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In January 1950 Marie joined the Carnegie week 63 Members of the House and Senate Thursday, April24, 1986 Signal-Item, a weekly paper for residents in wrote the White House urging Mr. Reagan the Chatiers Valley owned and operated by to call off an American nuclear test. Other Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, on Tuesday, April another excellent newspaperman, Jim Knep­ Members want to withhold money for 22, at the National Arts Club in New York City, per, now Pennsylvania's Secretary of Labor the world-renowned actress, Lee Grant, was American tests so long as the Soviet morato­ and Industry. When Marie joined the paper, rium continues. With its peremptory refusal awarded the Erwin Piscator Award for the Signal-Item was an 8-page newspaper even to consider a complete test ban, the achievement in acting, directing and educa­ with a circulation of 1,800-when she retired Administration plays into Mr. Gorbachev's tion. This ceremony took place at a luncheon from the paper in September 1984, the Signal­ hands. sponsored by the Elysium Theatre Co., an The President's two principal arguments Item was often a 22-page paper with over are that nuclear explosions are necessary to international repertory group located in the congressional district which I represent. 11 ,000 readers. maintain the reliability of the nuclear stock­ The growth of the paper is only one meas­ pile and that a ban would be unenforceable It is particularly fitting that Ms. Grant be the because Soviet cheating could not be detect­ recipient of this prize. She embodies in her life ure of Marie Kinzler's contribution to the com­ ed. He is widely disputed by scientists out­ and in her work the principles for which Erwin munications business in the Chartiers Valley. side the Government. Piscator stood in illuminating interpersonal re­ Equally important, perhaps more important, Proponents of a test ban argue cogently lationships and in relating individuals to their has been Marie's willingness to help so many that it is one way to cool the nuclear arms environment and to society. community groups and individual volunteers race and to encourage nonnuclear powers to Ms. Grant's entire life has been devoted to get the attention and notice they need and remain so. They contend that a test ban deserve to do the good that they have done would lock in the present American advan­ the performing arts, having begun her career tage in the design of nuclear warheads. The at the age of 4 on the stage of the Metropoli­ in our community. demand for a test ban has thus become the tan Opera. At 14, she won a scholarship to Mr. Speaker, I salute Marie Kinzler, and with touchstone of sincere peace seekers. . New York's Neighborhood Playhouse which her husband Steve, son Steve, and her many But Mr. Gorbachev's persistence and Mr. led to her Broadway debute in "Detective friends, I join in congratulating Marie on being Reagan's resistance probably have little to Story," for which she was awarded the Critic so justly honored with the Community Service do with sincerity about arms control. A test Circle Award. Award of the Chartiers Valley Commission on ban now, without other agreements, would Human Relations. As Marie continues her appear to do a great deal more for the Hers has been a career highlighted with Soviet Union than it has yet admitted: it recognition and achievement. She is the recip­ work now as assistant to the president of would kill development of the nuclear-pow­ ient of the Best Actress Award, two Emmys, Knepper Press, I count myself and the people ered X-ray laser, a device that some see as and the Academy Award for Best Supporting of the Chartiers Valley very lucky to have the most promising technical component of Actress in "Shampoo." In her recent career in Marie Kinzler as a friend. 8736 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1986 LYDIA KIM-OUTSTANDING the world alone. I would agree with him; how­ Industry provides most of the material YOUNG WOMAN ever, I believe it takes more-it takes courage, goods of our society and generates much of self-reliance, independence, and, above all, a the revenues used to finance our social serv­ HON. PAUL B. HENRY level of self-understanding that enables one to ices. However, by almost any standard, Ameri­ OF MICHIGAN overcome adversity. Mr. Morgan has all of can industry is ill and shows few signs of re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES these qualities and then some. gaining its ability to compete in world markets. A former Air Force fighter pilot, news report­ Thursday, April24, 1986 The dreary statistics documenting the United er, and advertising executive, Dodge Morgan States' inability to meet current international Mr. HENRY. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased sold his electronics firm and brought to reality competition are too well known to repeat. The today to recognize and honor 13-year-old a dream he had had to sail around the LICIT Report of April 1983 presents a grim Lydia Kim, who, as the winner of the 1986 world-a dream inspired by a trip he made in picture of world market share trends. During Greater Grand Rapids Area Spelling Bee, will the 1960's from Maine to Alaska aboard a 36- the 15-year period from 1965 to 1980, in 12 be representing Grand Rapids, Ml, and the foot schooner. major manufacturing categories ranging from Grand Rapids Press in the National Spelling Dodge Morgan's achievement should be a iron and steel to aircraft and computers, Bee held this May in Washington, DC. source of pride and inspiration to us all. His France and Japan each increased their per­ As an eighth grader, this was the last op­ feat is one of courage, determination, and per­ centage of world market share in eight cate­ portunity for Lydia to enter the local spelling severance, and I, therefore, ask the U.S. gories. West Germany increased its share in bee and win the coveted trip to the national House of Representatives to join me in ap­ five categories and now leads the United finals. With the help of her father, a local pedi­ plauding Mr. Morgan and in welcoming him States (5 to 4). United States' market share atrician, Lydia spent long hours pouring over home. on the other hand declined in 10 out of 12 the dictionary and list of words supplied to the categories. The result of our eroding industrial contestants. Her mother helped by encourag­ competence is a $150 billion U.S. trade deficit ing her daughter to participate in outings that NATIONAL POLICY AND TECH­ served to ease the tension and relax the seri­ NOLOGY FOUNDATION ACT OF for 1985 and a drop in relative U.S. GNP/ ous and shy young student. 1985 capita from first place after WWII to 1Oth Lydia, spelling champion of the East Grand place today. The President's Commission on Rapids Public Schools for 3 of the last 4 Industrial Competitiveness points out: "Real years, met the challenges of the competition HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR~ hourly compensation in the United States has with confidence and poise. With the spirit and OF CALIFORNIA remained virtually stagnant since 1973. Since nerves of steel exhibited by her idol, Olympic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1979 it has actually declined." National life quality is obviously influenced Medalist Mary Lou Retten, Lydia, without Thursday, April24, 1986 flinching, defeated 24 other students by cor­ by the national GNP/capita, but the actual rectly spelling more that 100 words throughout Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speaker, quality of life is given by other environments the grueling 3-hour competition. today I wish to discuss for the consideration such as education, health, personal security, An academically advanced student, Lydia is of my colleagues, the National Policy and pollution, etc. In each of these areas, the listed on the honor roll and good citizenship Technology Foundation Act of 1985 that I re­ United States life quality is not outstanding. list of her school She also finds time to play cently introduced as H.R. 3997. Joining me as Educational test scores have been dropping the violin and piano and is a member of the cosponsors of the bill are Congressmen BEIL­ steadily in the United States while functional East Grand Rapids swimming team. Born in ENSON, BERMAN, BONIOR (MI), CONYERS, illiteracy remains at close to 20 percent. Our Des Moines, lA, Lydia is the daughter of Dr. CROCKETT, DIXON, DYMALLY, EDGAR, FAZIO, ability to allocate our educational resources to lhl and Monica Kim who came to this country FORD (MI), GUARINI, HAWKINS, HERTEL (MI), effectively serve national needs is question­ from South Korea. Lydia follows in the foot­ LEVINE (CA), LUNDINE, MACKAY, McKINNEY, able. During the past decade, with high tech­ steps of her sister, Susie, who also won a MITCHELL, NELSON (FL), PANETTA, RANGEL, nology industry often struggling to satisfy its school spelling championship. TORRES, UDALL, WALGREN, WAXMAN, and demand for experienced engineers, Califor­ Mr. Speaker, Lydia Kim is an outstanding WEISS. nia's production of electrical engineers de­ young woman and a tribute to the youth of The National Policy and Technology Foun­ creased by nearly 30 percent while the output America. I am pleased to offer my congratula­ dation Act was introduced to focus congres­ of lawyers increased 300 percent. It would tions and admiration for her successful efforts sional attention on the need for legislative seem that we plan to litigate our way back to in winning the regional spelling bee and wish flexibility and the correction of structural defi­ industrial preeminence. Japan, on the other her the best of luck as she goes on to com­ ciencies in our basic governmental institutions hand, produces twice as many engineers as pete in the national contest in May. that threaten the long-term economic founda­ the United States, but the entire country em­ tions and quality of life in the United States. ploys fewer attorneys than are found practic­ DODGE MORGAN'S EXTRAORDI­ INTRODUCTION ing in Los Angeles County. NARY ACHIEVEMENT Sometime, nearly four decades ago, with In spite of our enormous investment in med­ the United States enjoying the world's highest ical research and health delivery, Americans standard of living and a seemingly invincible are not relatively healthy. Today the Japanese HON. JOHN R. McKERNAN, JR. and the Swedes, contributing little to medical OF MAINE industrial plant, the Nation's industrial base began to erode and the country's quality of science, are the world's healthiest people with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES life entered into a long-term decline. Held cap­ the lowest infant mortality rates and the long­ Thursday, April 24, 1986 tive by past success and its own conventional est life spans. Mr. McKERNAN. Mr. Speaker, it is my wisdom, the Nation ignored many danger In other life quality areas the country is pleasure today to relate to my colleagues the signs. Finally, in the late 1970's and early doing no better. Crime is excessive; the aver­ extraordinary and inspiring accomplishment of 1980's the loss of consumer electronics mar­ age American is more conscious than ever of Mr. Dodge Morgan, a resident of Cape Eliza­ kets, followed by steel and automobiles, made muggings, burglary and widespread use of beth, ME. it clear that America's leadership and prosper­ narcotics. The Nation's physical environments On April 11, Mr. Morgan completed some­ ity were being lost-perhaps forever. are being damaged by pollutants. Acid rain is thing that no American before him, and only The country is experiencing a broadly based destroying Eastern forests and lakes. Smog three others in the world, had done. On that structural phenomena that is indescribable in levels in our major cities remain high. day, after a record 150 days, 1 hour, and 6 terms of classical economic models. The re­ WHY A NATIONAL POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY minutes, and more than 26,000 miles, Dodge gression of American trade and economy are FOUNDATION? Morgan completed a single-handed circum­ being matched by a concurrent deterioration Centralized national planning is neither navigation of the globe aboard a 60-foot sail­ of the relative American life quality. If the practical nor desirable for our society. Large boat, the American Promise. trend of the past 40 years foretell America's scale national plans take so long to produce By Mr. Morgan's own account, it takes a future, our children will have much less to be and put in place that the dynamics of a good boat, an iron will, and luck to sail around thankful for than their parents. modern industrial society render such plans April 24, 1986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8737 obsolete before they can be implemented. challenges mature into major crises without an The country needs to put in place the Central national planning, therefore, is simply early warning system to alert our Government means to recognize world change that will re­ not useful. and industry. quire adjustments in its national policies and it On the other hand, only the Government Micro policies proliferate within major Gov­ needs the means to effectively initiate and fa­ can take responsibility for the creation and ernment departments with little analysis of cilitate policy change. Specifically, a consen­ maintenance of coherent national policy in the their interaction and collective effectiveness. sus-driven mechanism is required to rational­ national interest. Rational planning and invest­ Macro policy is created, often in response to ize national policy by anticipating changing ment by the private sector, individual and cor­ an ideology, and with negligible assessment of conditions, assessing the long term conse­ porate, cannot exist independent of govern­ long term consequences. The experimental quences of existing and proposed policy and ment policy. In reality, the very rationality of a and changing nature of national policy is recommending to the Congress and the Presi­ business decision almost inevitably depends largely ignored. Formal means to evaluate dent self-consistent, mutually supporting na­ upon its consistency with national policy. Con­ policy consequences are seldom installed. Na­ tional policies. With continually changing world versely, in the face of inconsistent, incoherent, tional policy is almost entirely reactive. A 40- markets and international competition that conflicting or invisible national policy, private year decline in international trade competitive­ shapes its policies and strategies to match the planning and investment becomes a high ness is recognized only after much of Ameri­ changing market, it becomes axiomatic that stakes gamble instead of a reasoned exer­ can industry has been driven off shore and the United States must be able to readily re­ cise. exploding trade deficits make the United shape its policies and institutions for compat­ Congressman LEON E. PANETTA of the States a debtor nation for the first time in 70 ibility with the changing times. House Agricultural Committee in the Los An­ years. The Nation's policy facilitating agencies are geles Times, May 12, 1985, said: "Counter­ It is at the integrated policy structure level also incomplete. Although the Federal Gov­ productive and conflicting Federal laws and that the U.S. institutional deficiencies become policies abound in agriculture to the point ernment now provides substantial funding for most painful. Means do not exist to consider, where they sometimes sound like 'Alice in science, and technological support for select­ much less assess, the interrelationship be­ Wonderland' creations. For example there are: ed industries such as agriculture, aviation and Tax policies that encourage investors to begin tween national macro policies such as mone­ commercial fisheries, we presently lack the in­ raising unneeded, irrigated crops on easily tary policy, inflation policy, trade policy, indus­ stitutional capacity and civilian agencies to erodible soil in Nebraska using scarce water trial initiatives, tax policies, saving policy, life focus programs upon the competitive perform­ at the same time the Government is fighting quality policies, etc. The Nation does not pos­ ance of our economy as a whole. Congress soil erosion and looking for ways to conserve sess institutions capable of proposing integrat­ has responsibility for designating the appropri­ that water." ed national policy alternatives and assessing ate agencies to implement national policies. In Allen Paul, President of the Agriculture their expected long term consequences. Until practice, however, implementation of impor­ Council of America observed: "There ain't this deficiency is relieved, the Nation will con­ tant policies may languish for lack of an exist­ nobody responsible, nobody accountable. . . . tinue to dissipate its considerable resources ing competent agency to pursue them. In the We just don't have an integrated farm policy." and stagger from one avoidable crisis to an­ broadest sense, the Nation does not possess The consequences of inconsistent national other. for our new technology development needs policy appear everywhere. Monetary policies In recent years the consequences of the the equivalent of the National Science Foun­ established to combat inflation contribute to Nation's institutional deficiencies have dation or the National Arts and Humanities an overpriced dollar that made U.S. goods un­ become more evident. Failures of the formal Foundations. The National Policy and Tech­ competitive in world markets and created a national policy making system have finally cul­ nology Foundation would consolidate technol­ $150-billion trade deficit. Conflicting macro minated in the Gramm-Rudman Act. ogy related activities which are not now close­ policies, which frequently insulate economic Gramm-Rudman represents a massive ly tied to an agency mission and would insure sectors from market forces, drive U.S. farmers breakdown of the legislative process. The act that the Federal Government will assume suit­ bankrupt and allowed Argentine wheat to be was passed by a frustrated Congress unable able responsibilities for needed civilian tech­ delivered in Minnesota at less than U.S. cost. to resolve a runaway budget crisis. But nology which have heretofore not been ade­ The problem is Qeep-seated. Institutional ri­ Gramm-Rudman is not the first nor will it be quately discharged by any sector of society. gidity has precluded changes in our basic in­ the last of major national issues for which the The combining of existing governmental stitutions and institutional deficiencies insured Congress and the administration will be functions into a new foundation with responsi­ that the need for change was not perceived. unable to provide adequate national policy. bility for facilitating national policy and the The country's present institutional structure is Like the Social Security crisis of 2 years ago technology supportive of that policy finds its flawed and unsuited for the dynamics of a Gramm-Rudman flows basically from structur­ counterpart in the principal policy agencies for modern world-lacking means to facilitate the al and institutional deficienceis and not from a some of our major trade competitors. Japan's integrated public-private policies so necessary lack of dedication or the desire to perform by MITI is heavily involved in insuring the excel­ to the country's long term interest. the Congress or the administration. lence of that nation's technology. Policy conflict begins at the data level with The Nation's leading trade competitors have NEEDS ADDRESSED BY THE NATIONAL POUCY AND micro information gathered by very specialized long enjoyed well established institutional TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION agencies charged with making micro policy. means for developing national policy and ob­ While it might be convenient to blame the There are no mechanisms to gather data on a taining the necessary public consensus. Ger­ Nation's present difficulties upon one or the more global basis, assess the consequences many's Stability and Growth Act of 1966 es­ other political party or upon a particular ideol­ of both micro and macro policy and propose tablished a tripartite consultation process ogy, this would belie the facts. Our regression the modifications necessary to create integrat­ among labor, business, and government. has steadily progressed for nearly 40 years ed, coherent and consistent national policy in Japan's MITt has 35 associated independent under the stewardship of both parties. The the long term public interest. councils with over 200 standing committees data would demonstrate that the United Although every Government department that insure the effective participation of every States is in the midst of a long-term decline and most important agencies have policy sec­ segment of Japanese society. resulting from 200-year-old structural deficien­ tions, their scope is generally limited to gath­ Unlike our trade competitors, the U.S. Con­ cies that render our institutions incapable of ering micro data to provide micro policy for gress simply does not have the tools to cope discharging the policy responsibilities of a their host. Regardless of capabilities or desire with the far-reaching complexity of the prob­ modern society. The rigidity and structural de­ to do more, they are restricted both by the lems of a modern global society. Without the ficiencies of America's basic institutions have data available and their franchise. Even if ade­ means to anticipate pending crises before existed so long, they are almost impossible to quate data were made available, the United they become critical, develop an adequate perceive or to question. John Kemeny, Chair­ States has not established a formal system data base, formulate and assess policy alter­ man of the President's Three Mile Island for monitoring the international trends and de­ natives and in particular, generate the national Commission, after studying that disaster, was velopments that impact our economy and consensus necessary for public acceptance, forced to the conclusion that the fault Jay quality of national life. Commercial opportuni­ the United States is assured of a future with more with obsolescence of U.S. institutions ties arise and are forever lost while economic more Gramm-Rudmans. than with the reactor operators. "The present 8738 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 24, 1986 system does not work. It was designed for a ciencies of our country's national policy insti­ market opportunities, technological innovation, much earlier and simpler age. The only way to tutions. The President's Commission on Indus­ scientific advances, industrial competitiveness, save American democracy is to change the trial Competitiveness [Young Commission] dis­ industrial policy and strategy, government and fundamental decision-making process at the pelled many of our most cherished trade business policies, educational policies and re­ Federal level, so it can come to grips with the myths. Four institutional policy needs are source allocation strategies. enormous and complex issues that face the found in the Young Commission report that A national computer network with remote Nation." coincide with the basic functions of the Foun­ terminals would provide ready access to the To confront most large scale national prob­ dation. The Foundation would provide: national data base by public and private users. lems, the Congress has need for effective, 1. A high quality, comprehensive readily The National Technical Information Service nonpartisan institutional means for creating accessed international and domestic infor­ of the Department of Commerce would coherent, consistent national policy in the mation and data base. become part of the National Information public interest. Indeed, there is often great dif­ The Young Commission observes: "One Office. ficulty in recognizing or even defining long reason few U.S. firms export is that they lack critical information about foreign mar­ Second, National Office of Policy, Analysis term public interest. When faced with com­ and Assessment.-This office would provide a plex, legitimate, and conflicting demands, our kets. Such information currently exists within Government, but it is not readily vehicle for comprehensive examination of the national institutions are too often inadequate, available." U.S. policy structure. Interrelationship of exist­ causing the political process to fail. 2. First rate, independent capabilities for ing and proposed national policies including The National Policy and Technology Foun­ the analysis of national problems and op­ life quality, societal, economic, industrial, mon­ dation has been designed as an effective, effi­ portunities and the assessment of policy al­ etary, et cetera, policies and their combined cient, nonpartisan national policy mechanism. ternatives-their interdependence and inter­ future impact upon the Nation's standard of Existing agencies and bureaus are brought to­ action: living, international competitiveness, industrial gether to provide Congress with the badly The Young Commission found "The com­ competence and technological development needed early warning system, comprehensive petitiveness issues facing America today are would be continuously evaluated. Particular at­ policy data base, policy assessment and the not new, yet they remain unsolved. The ability of the political decision making proc­ tention would be given to conflict between public consensus necessary to reduce legisla­ ess to deal with them is impeded by conflict tive gridlock. The Foundation draws upon the micro policies and the coherence and consist­ along the very sectors needed to solve the ency among macro policies needed to form in­ lessons learned from the policy institutions of problems we face. Policy makers must deal our more successful trade competitors and with widely disparate points of view pre­ tegrated national policy. from our own national experience to offer a bi­ sented by a diversity of interested parties. Drawing upon the data banks of the Nation­ partisan approach to achieving and facilitating Often there is not even agreement as to the al Information Office, the Policy Office would integrated national policy. facts of the issue much less a shared under­ provide an early warning system to identify The number of studies and congressional standing of the tradeoffs in the policy op­ emerging national and sectorial problems, op­ tions under discussion." portunities and needs before they assume bills addressing various manifestations of 3. Highly visible societally representative America's loss of economic and industrial crisis proportions. In cooperation with existing means for achieving national policy consen­ Federal policy groups and other concerned leadership has been increasing. The pres­ sus. sures of the times are seen to be forcing the The Young Commission recommends public and private bodies, critical issues would restructuring of the basic institutions neces­ "Government can be strengthened signifi­ be evaluated. Alternative policies and pro­ sary to maintain the national life quality and cantly by providing a forum in which con­ grams to resolve national problems, needs trade competitiveness. The administration has sensus can be reached on the facts of an and opportunities would be assessed and fur­ considered two significant reorganization initia­ issue and in which implicit tradeoffs among nished to the appropriate councils for public tives involving the creation of two new Cabi­ policy options can be made explicit." reevaluation and debate. The evaluations and 4. Means to facilitate and implement assessments of the Office of Policy would net level agencies: a Department of Interna­ those policies for which there is no present­ tional Trade and Industry [DITI] and a Depart­ ly existing suitable organization. serve as points of departure for the public de­ ment of Science and Technology. At the same The Young Commission wrote " ... we liberation of the councils. The National Sci­ time, thoughtful proposals such as those by should be concerned by the fact that the ence Foundation's Division of Policy Research the President's Commission on Industrial Federal government conducts its R&D ... and Analysis would be transferred and serve Competitiveness and the House Republican in agencies and organizations with no as the nucleus of this office. Research Committee have invariably come to common management. Each research entity Third, Office of National Programs.-This propose major changes in national policy. has a mission independent of the others and office would undertake the applied research none has industrial competitiveness as a There has been a direct or at least tacit rec­ goal." and development required to develop pro­ ognition that the Nation's need to resolve posed policies in those areas of national con­ complex national issues such as trade com­ DESCRIPTION OF THE BILL cern not adequately supported by other agen­ petitiveness requires the addressing of a host The National Policy and Technology Act of cies or the private sector. Cooperative indus­ of national policies in a coherent manner. 1985 establishes the Foundation as an inde­ try, government, university and professions The House Republican Research Commit­ pendent agency in the executive branch of the programs would be encouraged and facilitat­ tee's "Agenda for Meeting America's Com­ Federal Government. ed. Commercialization and deployment of re­ petitive Challenge" targets the process of in­ STRUCTURE OF THE FOUNDATION sulting new technology would be the responsi­ novation to improve the Nation's competitive­ The Foundation would have nine main bility of the private sector. Typical large scale, ness. While the agenda does not directly ad­ branches and appropriate independent public one time national programs could be the fifth dress the general issue of conflicting national councils. generation computer, the unmanned garment policies, its emphasis is upon the broad spec­ First, The National Information Office.-This factory, and the very high speed, large scale trum of national policies that must come to­ office would develop in cooperation with other integrated circuit program which went by de­ gether to improve our trade competitiveness. public and private agencies, the comprehen­ fault to the DOD. The National Science Foun­ The impact upon U.S. trade competitiveness sive, coherent National Information and Statis­ dation's Applied Research and Problem Fo­ of monetary policy, tax policy, education and tics Policy necessary to the creation of a Na­ cused Research Divisions would be trans­ retraining policies, trade policy, capital forma­ tional Information System. ferred to form the initial core program of the tion policy, intellectual property policy, anti­ Information and data required for the in­ Office. trust policy, national R&D policy and regula­ formed, effective operation of the Nation's Fourth, Office of the Professions.-The tion policies has been carefully defined. The public and private policy makers would be pro­ office would support fundamental research in proposed Foundation is structured to provide vided. The basic factors influencing the na­ the engineering disciplines and nationally long term attention to the national policy tional economy and life quality would be con­ needed development and applied research in issues that the "agenda" has raised. tinuously monitored including United States public professions not adequately supported America's declining ability to compete in the and foreign: Economies, trade, production, from other sources. The National Science international marketplace is one of the more market and industrial trend indicators, cus­ Foundation's engineering divisions would be serious consequences of the structural defi- toms, tariffs, regulations, commodities, energy, transferred to the Office of the Professions April 2,4, 1986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8739 and could constitute the initial programs of the posal that go beyond the resources and dominance by the Federal Government, the Office. boundaries of conventional jurisdictions. The Board would be expected to independently Many critical national issues require multi­ intergovernmental programs of the National represent all segments of society. Nomina­ discipline, multiprofession resolution. Mecha­ Science Foundation would be transferred and tions for the Board should be widely solicited nisms including cross-disciplinary and multi­ serve as the nucleus of this Office. including from the Board itself, the national professional activities would be investigated to Eighth, National Bureau of Standards.-The academies, professional societies, business facilitate implementation of cooperative public­ Bureau would be transferred intact from the associations, labor associations and other ap­ private understandings in the national interest. Department of Commerce to serve as an op­ propriate organizations. Board members would Fifth, Office of Institutional and Human Re­ erating laboratory for the Foundation. Present be appointed for 6 year terms. For continuity sources Development.-This office would in­ duties and programs of the Bureau are quite terms would be staggered. clude the Centers for Industrial Technology compatible with Foundation responsibilities. The intent of the Board along with the authorized by Public Law 96-40. The Office Where appropriate, mechanisms would be de­ councils is to insure that the community of would have responsibility to join government, veloped to foster public-private partnerships those affected by National Policy will have a university, industry and professions in cooper­ involving the Bureau and the Federal Labora­ say in the operation of the Foundation and the ative activities including generic development tories in the applied research and develop­ creation of a national consensus for the re­ useful to many industries and training of indi­ ment often required for implementation of sulting national policy recommendations. viduals for innovation, industrial competence specific policies in the national interest. Director and Assistant Directors.-The Di­ and international competitiveness. Ninth, Patent and Trademark Office.-The rector, the Deputy Director and the nine As­ Cooperative government, industry, universi­ classification, evaluation and protection of in­ sistant Directors of the Foundation would be ty, and Federal laboratory efforts to establish vention and technology innovation function of Presidential appointees at executive levels II, technical and economic feasibility in the the office makes it reasonable to transfer the Ill and IV respectively. The Directors' term of matter of Government mandated industrial Office from the Department of Commerce to appointment would be 6 years. health, safety, and environmental regulation, the National Policy and Technology Founda­ In order to permit the strong central oper­ would be important activities of the Centers. tion. Technological and socie!al systems needed Councils.-Superimposed upon the Founda­ ation needed to coordinate activities of the for long-term resolution of major industry-envi­ tion's structure is a series of independent various branches of the Foundation, all au­ ronmental questions such as acid rain, would councils. Council members would be appoint­ thority over the Foundation, other than that re­ be considered. ed by the Director from outside the Founda­ served to the Board has been given to the Di­ Quantitative projections of human resources tion and would include leaders in concerned rector. The Director may delegate parts of that needs would be made. Training and retraining industry, labor, general consumers and ex­ authority and would be expected to do so, but programs, new curricula and educational insti­ perts from a wide spectrum of society includ­ would always have the ability to take personal tutions to meet these needs along with those ing academia, mass media, finance, govern­ control of any aspect of the Foundation oper­ caused by technological displacement and the ment, environmentalists and the professions. ations. unmanning of the Nation's factories would be The councils, serving as deliberative public FOUNDATION OPERATION-POLICY FACILITATION proposed. Encouragement and assistance for forums for national policy, are the crucial link Facilitating the creation and where appropri­ minorities and women to enter the professions to the public and the key to the successful ate the implementation of coherent national would be offered. function of the Foundation. By serving as an policy in the long term public interest is the Sixth, Office of Small Business.-This office early warning system, offering a comprehen­ basic need to be satisfied by the National would materially improve the resources and sive policy data base and providing policy Policy and Technology Foundation. capabilities of U.S. small business, including analysis and assessment, alternative evalua­ The National Information Office would col­ upgrading production technology by grants tions and area expertise, the Foundation be­ lect, organize and disseminate international and incentives for cooperative industry-wide comes the base from which the councils can and national information, data ·and statistics development and research, promotion of com­ work. It is the councils upon their own initia­ for public-private policy makers. puterization, training of personnel, et cetera. tive or in response to requests from the Presi­ The Office of Policy, Analysis and Assess­ The small business innovation program of the dent, Congress or the Directors that would ment would continuously evaluate data from National Science Foundation would be trans­ take the lead in investigating and deliberating the National Information Office to identify ferred to the National Policy and Technology on long term and basic national policy. The pending national needs, opportunities or prob­ Foundation. councils would redefine problems, hold public lems. Alternative policy options would be pro­ A major undertaking would be the creation forums, assess alternatives and suggest policy posed, evaluated and assessed by the Policy of the Federal Technology and Professions options. It is the councils' voices that would Office for consideration by the councils. Extension Service to be the counterpart of the be heard through the policy papers submitted Independent public councils utilizing the U.S. Agriculture Extension System. Ready to Congress and the President and which data, evaluations and assessments of the access would be provided for individuals, would carry the weight of a "public consen­ Policy Office and other sources would re­ companies and industries to advice, support sus." spond to requests from the President, Con­ and expert consultation upon the latest manu­ MANAGEMENT OF THE FOUNDATION gress, Foundation Directors or upon their own facturing processes, management systems, The Foundation would have a Director, a initiative. Councils would provide public forums quality assurance methods, production tech­ Deputy Director and nine Assistant Direc­ that openly debate and redefine national niques, personnel procedures, computer appli­ tors-one for each branch. It would also have policy issues and thus generate the public cations financial controls, et cetera. These a National Policy and Technology Board. consensus necessary to avoid legislative grid programs would be coordinated with existing National Policy and Technology Board.­ lock. State technology, professions, or industrial The Board would have 24 members and the With public recognition and acceptance of programs to avoid duplication or adverse Director. Specific responsibilities would in­ the equity of the tradeoffs and sacrifices in­ impact. clude establishing Foundation policy, budget herent in resolution of any large scale public Seventh, Office of Intergovernmental Tech­ and program review, grant approval and bian­ issue, the Congress and the President would nology and Professions Delivery System.­ nual reports to the President for submission to have renewed flexibility to create and legislate This office would facilitate the integration of Congress of the important national policy consistent integrated national policy in the the latest professions delivery system and issues, emerging problems and opportunities public interest. Responsibility for the imple­ technology advances into the policy formula­ along with the Foundation's recommendations mentation of designated sectors of these poli­ tion and delivery systems management of for such policy legislation as may be deemed cies would be assigned by Congress to appro­ State and local governments. Cooperation be­ appropriate. Members would be Presidential priate agencies. These could include activities tween government (local and State) with the appointees and would be selected from which would be brought together in the Foun­ university's professional schools would be people prominent in a wide variety of fields dation from uncertain homes in bureaus scat­ supported. The Office and universities would inlcuding the professions, labor, entrepreneur­ tered throughout the Federal Government. offer resources particularly suited to massive ship, management, education, industry, gov­ Advancement of the Nation's civilian tech­ problems such as solid and toxic waste dis- ernment, technology and trade. To avoid nological and professional capabilities would 8740 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April24, 1986 be offered by the Office of National Programs, required in other sections of the act. The Na­ partisan mechanism for the creation and facili­ the Office of the Professions, and the National tional Information Office in cooperation with tation of consistent national policy. To satisfy Bureau of Standards. Emphasis would be public and private agencies would seek to de­ the foregoing need, the Foundation would upon facilitating policies and programs of sub­ velop a coherent National Information and offer a comprehensive policy data base, policy stantial national interest where sufficient Statistics Policy that would lead to the devel­ alternative analysis and assessment, public timely development cannot be expected from opment of readily accessed, comprehensive, policy review and consensus and finally­ the private sector alone due to high risk, long computerized National Information and Statis­ where appropriate-agencies to implement lead time or the sheer magnitude of the re­ tics Data Banks. The Office of Policy, Analysis policy and supporting civilian technology. quired resources. and Assessment is specifically charged with The National Policy and Technology Foun- The Office of Institutional and Human Re­ cooperating and coodinating with other policy dation would be an independent agency with source Development would be responsible for bodies of Federal, State and local govern­ associated public councils and nine main technology and professions institutional and ments. The Federal Technology and Profes­ branches for national information, policy anal­ human resource development. Stressing sions Extension Service is required to coordi­ ysis and assessment, national problem fo­ public-private cooperation, emphasis would be nate with existing programs such as State cused programs, the professions including en­ placed upon the long-term development of Technology Services to avoid duplication or gineering, institutional and human resource human resources and the creation of generic adverse impact. Assistance would be provided development, small business, intergovernmen­ technology useful for many industries. to the President's Office of Science and Tech­ tal technology and professions delivery sys­ The United States still leads the world in nology Policy and Analysis. tems, the National Bureau of Standards, and basic research and technological innovation. AUTHORIZATIONS the Patent and Trademark Office. The agency would have programs transferred from NSF­ However, we too frequently fall behind other The act would provide for authorization of almost all of engineering and applied sci­ nations which have more successfully de­ activities in fiscal year 1986. Any funds for ence-and from the Department of Com­ ployed and utilized technology and systems years beyond 1986 would have to be author­ merce-almost all of the programs of the As­ often originated in the United States. Improv­ ized by future acts. We estimate that the fiscal sistant Secretary of Commerce for Science ing technology transfer and deployment in the year 1987 funding for the existing functions and Technology. Responsibility for the centers United States would be an important responsi­ proposed to be transferred to the Foundation for industrial technology would reside in the bility of the Office of Small Business, the is about $500 million. We believe that a realis­ Office of Intergovernmental Technology and institutional and human resource development tic level of funding for the first full year of op­ branch. Professional Delivery Systems and the Patent eration of the Foundation should be about 20 and Trademark Office. Governance for the Foundation would be percent more, or about $600 million. The pre­ handled by a Director and a National Policy COORDINATION OF PROGRAMS cise level of authorization would be deter­ and Technology Board patterned in organiza­ A separate section of the National Policy mined after hearings and a more precise de­ tion but not composition after the National and Technology Foundation Act, section 12, termination of the final makeup of the Founda­ Science Board. Key functions of the Board requires close coordination of the Founda­ tion. would be to establish the policies of the Foun­ tion's programs with other programs of the While $600 million is a substantial expendi­ dation and review the Foundation's budget Federal Government, with the private sector ture, it represents less than 20 percent of the and programs. The Director would have all and with State and local government pro­ annual budget of Japan's MITI [Ministry of powers not assigned to the Board and would grams. International Trade and Industry] which is that be assisted by a deputy and nine assistants, A standing National Foundation Coordinat­ nation's leading instrument for facilitating na­ one for each branch. ing Board with five members each from the tional policy. The proposed budget also is The bill contains authorization for fiscal year Boards of the National Policy and Technology substantially less than that of MITI's Agency 1986 of $600 million with a line item for each Foundation, the National Foundation on the of Industrial Science and Technology which of the nine branches. Additional authorizations Arts and Humanities and the National Science includes the Japanese equivalent of the U.S. will be required for succeeding years. It is ex­ Foundation would be appointed to provide Bureau of Standards. pected that the economics to be realized from recommendations to improve the collective ef­ The success of our trade competitors in co­ the Foundation will more than make up for the fectiveness of the three Foundations in the ordinating their national policies and advanc­ appropriations required above that presently national interest. To the greatest extent feasi­ ing their technological competence to secure budgeted for the existing agencies and activi­ ble, extramural basic research fields which the increased market share can be attributed to ties that will be incorporated into the Founda­ Foundation wishes to advance should be their creation and funding of competent na­ tion. channeled through the National Science tional policy instruments. The bill requires close cooperation between Foundation. Studies in societal value systems SUMMARY the National Policy and Technology Founda­ and ethics needed to support regulatory cost/ The concept of a National Policy and Tech­ tion, the agencies and the private sector. A benefit analyses would be coordinated with nology Foundation grows from recognition of national Foundation Coordinating Board with the applied humanities programs of the Na­ the limitations and resulting failures of the equal membership from the Boards of the tional Foundation on the Arts and Humanities. present national policy process. There is a three National Foundations-Policy and Tech­ Section 12 also requires that the Policy and clear need to correct the structural shortcom­ nology, Science, and Arts and Humanities, Technology Foundation coordinate its small ings of national policy institutions that have shall provide recommendations to improve the business activities with those of the Small led to Gramm-Rudman. There is a need to collective effectiveness of the three Founda­ Business Administration. Other coordination is provide the Congress with an effective non- tions in the national interest.