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Imperial Pubs: British American Taverns As Spaces of Empire, 1700-1783

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Imperial Pubs: British American Taverns As Spaces of Empire, 1700-1783 Imperial Pubs: British American Taverns as Spaces of Empire, 1700-1783 BY © 2013 Vaughn Paul Scribner Submitted to the graduate degree program in History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chairperson Paul Kelton ––––––––––––––––––––––––– Adrian Finucane ––––––––––––––––––––––––– Jeffrey Moran ––––––––––––––––––––––––– Nathan Wood ––––––––––––––––––––––––– Beth Innocenti Date Defended: February 8th, 2013 The Dissertation Committee for Vaughn Paul Scribner certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Imperial Pubs: British American Taverns as Spaces of Empire, 1700-1783 _______________________ Chairperson Paul Kelton Date Approved: February 8, 2013 ii ABSTRACT Vaughn Paul Scribner, Ph.D. Department of History, February 2013 University of Kansas Imperial Pubs: British American Taverns as Spaces of Empire, 1700-1783 employs the North American tavern space to investigate how colonists connected with the British Empire, and in turn, understood their position(s) in local and global networks. Utilizing taverns as microcosms of colonial society, the dissertation argues that British American taverns were far more than small drinking establishments on the fringe of Empire—they were centers of Imperial connection, understanding, and ultimately contestation. Colonial taverngoers read tracts from London and beyond; consumed beverages made of products from around the world such as coffee, tea, chocolate, rum punch, and wine; conversed with foreigners and fellow Britons; sent and received transatlantic mail; booked trips to far off places; debated myriad cosmopolitan topics; penned politically charged manifestos; and attended balls, concerts, lectures, clubs, and art exhibitions. Taverngoers also appropriated the tavern space around them to reposition themselves in the colonial hierarchy by retiring into exclusive tavern rooms, enacting exclusionary drinking rituals, opening their own taverns, and sometimes fighting. More than any other public space, early American taverns helped colonists assert themselves initially as ardent British subjects and later as revolutionary Republicans. Understanding early American taverns as both reflections of and influences on colonists’ Imperial desires advances our understanding of early American society in multiple ways. First, by revealing colonial taverngoers’ intense urge for global connections, the dissertation challenges colonial American historians to broaden their geographical and ideological canvas beyond the thirteen colonies. As the colonies erupted into Revolution, however, patriots transformed American taverns into centers of resistance against the Empire they had previously embraced. Second, then, the dissertation urges historians of the revolutionary era to more seriously consider taverns as fundamental in the transformation from imperial to republican society. Third, the international direction of the dissertation pushes historians to reconsider the “Atlantic world” model as a process of imperialism and globalization more than a geographically limited field of study. A transatlantic perspective, “Imperial Pubs” contends, is more useful when understood within and in conjunction with global processes and networks, almost all of which were made possible by imperialism. iii For Craig and Susan Scribner Your unending support, sacrifice, and love have always kept my vision steady. iv Acknowledgements My debts are too numerous to adequately acknowledge in a simple word document. However, as this is the only means through which I can presently display my gratitude, hopefully the following will suffice. I should also mention before continuing that any flaws and/or shortcomings of this dissertation are entirely my own, and are most surely fewer because of the aid of so many others. Professionally, Paul Kelton has been a model advisor during my time at the University of Kansas. His encouragement, constructive criticism, and guidance have set the tone for my professional career as he directed me in my journey from an over-energetic first year to completing a Ph.D. in history. Without Paul, I would not be the scholar I am. I also owe my sincere thanks to the incredible historians in the Kansas History Department who graciously lent their interdisciplinary talents. Jeffrey Moran introduced me to the world of cultural history; Donald Worster opened my eyes to the benefits of a global, environmental perspective; J.C.D. Clark immensely aided me in understanding the myriad complications—and opportunities—of British history; Megan Greene urged me to broaden my scholarly horizons beyond the Atlantic; Nathan Wood helped me to understand the implications of historical models outside my own region and time period of study; and finally, beyond Adrian Finucane’s academic aid, she was also a rock steady support during one of the more difficult times in my life. Beyond the numerous historians at the University of Kansas who have proved so important in my scholarly development, without two professors during my undergraduate time at Kansas State University I simply never would have embarked on this journey. First, Louise Breen deserves my unending thanks and gratitude. She was the spark of my professional historical career, and has since served as a luminous guide. Thank you, Donald Mrozek for always welcoming me into your office for discussion and aid. In the process of accomplishing my research I also accumulated a number of debts. Thanks to the staffs of the University of Kansas Libraries, the New York Historical Society, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, the Massachusetts Historical Society, and the Virginia Historical Society. They made my research experience pleasant and productive. I would also be remiss not to thank Google Books for its staggering number of fully-accessible volumes, without which my travel expenses would have been far larger and my source material much more sparse. I must also express my sincere gratitude to the Hall Center for Humanities—in particular the Jim Martin Travel Award—and the Donald R. McCoy Research Award, both of which provided much needed monetary support for my dissertation research. Finally, I cannot thank Art Allen enough for providing me lodging while conducting research in New York City. He was the perfect host and friend. I could not have asked for a better cohort of graduate students with which to enjoy this journey. Alex Boynton, Winchell Delano, Josh Nygren, Neil Oatsvall, Joe Ryan, Neil Schomaker, and Adam Sundberg have been the best of friends, confidants, and fellow v scholars during the past five years. Our misadventures, nerdy arguments, parties, tournaments, and goofy tribulations have been my buoy. Outside of the academy, Mike Balleau, Matt Blevins, Brian Godsey, Drew Goolsby, Ian Lindstrom, and Ryan Taylor are life-long friends who have always kept me grounded and have left an indelible mark on me. I hope they all know how much they mean to me. My family has always—and always will be—an imperative part of my life. My father, Craig Scribner, and mother, Susan Scribner, have never flagged in their support, love, and guidance. My siblings, Eric, Shannon, and Rachel, are my best of friends and continuing sources of motivation. My grandmother, Mildred Kallenbach’s (1920-2011) passion for genealogy inspired my own love for the past and her unmatched kindness, selflessness, and strength continue to drive me to be a better person. No words can ever do any of them justice, and I can only say that I love them all. Last, but certainly not least, is my immeasurable gratitude to Kristen. Without her (and, of course, Diego), my world would be incomplete. She is my rock, my love, and my inspiration. vi Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... v Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One ‘All the World’s a Stage’: British American (Imperial) Public Spaces ........................................ 23 Chapter Two Global Taverns: Imperial Networks for All .................................................................................. 64 Chapter Three ‘The Rabble Filled the House’: British American Taverns as Class-Contested Spaces of Imperial Connection .................................................................................................................................... 96 Chapter Four Cosmopolitan Colonists: Elite Taverngoers’ Contradictory Ideologies of Cosmopolitanism and Imperialism .................................................................................................................................. 135 Chapter Five Revolutionary Taverns: The Tumultuous Transition from Empire to Republic ......................... 169 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 195 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................
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