DOCSLIB.ORG

The Wallingford Burgh to Borough Research Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Wallingford Burgh to Borough Research Project ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE The Wallingford Burh to Borough Research Project AUTHORS Creighton, O.H; Christie, N; O'Sullivan, D; et al. JOURNAL Medieval Settlement Research Group Annual Report DEPOSITED IN ORE 22 May 2008 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10036/27525 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication The Wallingford Burgh to BoroughResearch Project by Oliver Creighton,Neil Christie,Deirdre O'Sullivan and HelenaHamerow Wallingford, t)xfordshire medievalshrinkage of the urban areahas resulted in the In August 2002 the first full field seasonof a new outstandingpreservation of the burh/boroughdefences archaeologicalresearch project was underlakenin and and castleearthworks; in addition, substantialareas of around the town of Wallingford, locatedalongside the open intramural urban space (c. 0.8 sq.krn) survive Thamesin south Oxfordshire.Titled The Wallingford (Bullcroft/Kinecroft),including the area of the lost Burh to Borough ResearchProject, the proposedfive- Normanpriory of Holy Trinity. Thesespaces particularly year programme aims to bridge the traditional gap offer scope for tackling questionsof later Saxon and betweenthe late Anglo-Saxonand Norman periods earlier Norman town planning, whilst the castle through detailed archaeologicalstudy of a highly earthworksenable fresh questions to be raisedconcerning significanthistoric townscapeand its hinterland.The the impactofNorman castle-buildingon the urbanspace, town is justly renownedfor its surviving Saxonburh economyand population. The unsurveyedtown ramparts defencesand the complexand extensiveearthworks of a further offer a near unique opportunity to observethe Norman and later castle imposed into the north-east fonnat, role and evolutionof urbandefence. Finally, the quarter of the urban space.Its riverside position, surroundinglandscape offers much potentialfor analysis overseeinga ford acrossthe Thames,gave Wallingford a through detailedfield walking and geophysicalsurvey strategicrole at the Wessex-Mcrciaborder; the river and combined with air photo study and re-examinationof local communicationsroutes also allowedWallingford findspots(notably Anglo-Saxon and Romanmaterials). to prosperas a royal centreafter the lateeleventh century. The Wallingford Burh to BoroughResearch Project will Declinewas only consequentto the growth of Reading comprisean integratedresearch programme, cornbining abbeyand town to the southand of Oxford to the north academicand professionalexpertise with comrnunity anddue also to changesin therole and navigability of the archaeology, and accessing a wide variety of river. archaeological,topographical and documentarysources. The preservationof town rampartand castleearthworks Theproject has been designed in conjunctionwith several in associationwith a substantiallyrnedieval street pattern localpartners. These include: The WallingfordHistorical makesWallingford of central importancein examining and ArchaeologicalSociety and Wallingford Museum; thenature of lateSaxon town planningand Norman urban The Northmoor Trust (the environmental agency castlebuilding, andyet thereare minimal archaeological responsiblefor the managementof the castle site); dataavatlablewith which to investigatethis. Excavations Wallingford Town Council; South OxfordshireDistrict have been undertakenpreviously in the 1960son the Council; and the County Archaeology Service. The town's west gateramparts, across the former north gate projectmanagement team is headedby academicsfrom (laterburied by extensionsto the castleearthworks), and three universitieswith specialismsin early medieval within the castle inner bailey. These excavations urbanism (N. Christie, Leicester); Anglo-Saxon identified excellent preservationof archaeological settlements (H. Hamerow, Oxford); castles (O. deposits,revealing tenth-century and laterbuildings and Creighton,Exeter); and medieval material culture (D. depositsand cob-built structures. Unfortunately, of these O'Sullivan, Leicester).It is also fully supportedby excavations,only those at the west gate have been previousexcavators at Wallingford, Prof. N. Brooks, R. published.Fufther, no detailedarchaeological assessment Carr and T. Rowley, including accessto their archives. or mappingof the defencesand castle site has previously Collation of archival data (NMR, SMR, watching brief been conducted.To theseprevious excavationscan be data,etc.) and liaisonwith local groupsand preliminary addeda seriesof watching briefs and other evaluations analysisof the castlezone were undertakenin 2001. that provide tantalising glimpses of the town's A pilot field seasonof geophysicaland topographic developmentand materialculture. However, no attempt survey of the Anglo-Saxon burh fortifications and hasso far beenmade to synthesiseand contextualisethis Norman castleat Wallingford was undertakenin August work. Similarly, there are many questionsrelating to 2002.As noted,systematic study of thesewell-preserved Wallingford's origins and contextyet to be clarified or and well-known monumentshas hitherto been lacking. even examined:the presenceof early Anglo-Saxon ln thepublic park known asthe Bullcroft, which occupies inhumation and cremationburials immediatelyoutside most of the north-westernsector of the Anglo-Saxon the south-westdefences of the town (discoveredin the burh, resistivity and gradiometersuryey were carried out 1940s)raises the questionof site statusprior to the burh; 'lost' to locateprimarily the siteof the Norman priory of the natureof the scatteredRoman finds in and aroundthe Holy Trinity - this significantlytwinned with the castle town remains to be addressed;and the environs of in the northernhalf of Wallingford and thesetwo units Wallingford before and after the burh foundationremains suggestingthe relativeavailability of openor lessbuilt- largely obscure. up urbanspace there. Systematically demolished in 1522, Wallingford offers an uniqueopportunity to understand no above-ground features exist of the priory, and an evolving townscapeand its rural settingin a crucial twentieth-centuryrecreational landscaping has further period of Europeanhistorical transition. Late and post- modified the zone.Nonetheless, resistivity coverage has 43 Figttre l7: Wallingford Costle Meadows area, showingthe l{orman and later castle superimposed into the north-east quarter of the Saxor' burh. 44 E lii i== ^\'r \ l , \. Ul =i \.\\ll,\ :' _---.--->\\tJ t /t) =ll-r *ii*,i i=,\ ll :i i--)- : S i ^.-,ri,i, :l jfsss-s-*litfz@ifss-S.*u113/d2+! :l i\sssj su$,s .r\\\,,,.'if'^s),SSt'i,,r S S S " s syH$sJssr',i,,,.^-\t-S S S S S Qrr,,'!(!: ! ZZIS=SJS*,..,g'r //h rr\,,,,'F= S S.= : -Si'-,:zBH ] N,as"#r -----<=7/i':..,'',./^?.F= '+z'i'.,.t')^ ''1r( 'J' -----. 2, '2,-/ i":' -''" =--...-., ?1, { ',///r,,r/// , "l / l"l l'> >lllll II\la Figure IB" Preliminary topographical survey of part of the Ca,stleMeadows area, showing tlte trortl bailel,cle1bnc's and associated landscaping. 45 producedvaluable indications of the likely priory site, landscapingand to the south-eastby the intrusion of suggestinga putative building complex re-using the buildings).Detailed Total Stationtopographic survey of former burh as part of an associatedprecinct. Intensive the earthworksin Castle Meadows was designedto surveywill be requiredin 2003 to determineboth form clarify the structureand configuration of the Nomranand and extent more precisely.Interestingly, topographic latercastle, and to re-assessthe traditional view of a triple surveyalso suggested residual traces of ridge and furrow rampart/wall defensiveorganisation with Civil War acrosspart of thc Bullcroft zone,suggesting agricultural reinforcement.In brief, the cornplexity of landscaping exploitationin associationwith, or more likely post- can be seento reflect an extendedhistory of site usage datingthe monasticsite. extending from late Saxon (burh rampart) to castle impositionand castlegrowth to Victorian ornamental the Bullcroft extendsfully to the The open area of landscaping.Reuse, rnanipulation and redcsigninghave the burh and rnedievaltown (thesein part rampartsof in placesconfused the rnedievalearthworks, although a rnodified internallyand on the summit,but terracedand major finding was the identification of earthwork ditch and bank exceptionallywell preserved with evidencefor medieval landscapingincluding the otherwisc,particularly on the town's north flank), extensiveuse of waterfeatures and managed access lines. surveyed using a Total Station sections were The topographicalanalysis was complementedby a maximum extantdepth of 7m from bank demonstrating resistivityand magnetotnetry survey of a 200 x 20m N-S top to visible ditch bottom. Resistivitysurvey was orientedtransect through the inner bailey and castle directedalso at seekingtraces of possiblelater Saxon defences,to testthe visibility and ciarity of sub-surface planningprevious to the impositionof the priory. town featuresand to checkon the dispositionof the possible Here too valuableresults were achieved,with potential tripledefensive works. tracesof N-S and W-E lanesand possibleintramural tracks;house plots can alsobe suggested,although these Work plannedfor the 2003 seasonwill includc further zoneslikewise require more detailedscrutiny in 2003. geophysicaland topographicalsurvey of the castle Interpretationsare
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hunterdon County Communications System Emergency Services Operations & Standards Manual
    HUNTERDON COUNTY COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM EMERGENCY SERVICES OPERATIONS & STANDARDS MANUAL NEW JERSEY’S FIRST COUNTY WIDE POLICE, FIRE, AND RESCUE 9-1-1 SYSTEM HUNTERDON COUNTY BOARD OF CHOSEN FREEHOLDERS George D. Muller Director Eric C. Peterson Deputy Director Ronal M. Sworen George B. Melick Matthew Holt Freeholders COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR Cynthia Yard CLERK OF THE BOARD Denise B. Doolan 908-788-1104 HUNTERDON COUNTY COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Police, Fire & Medical Emergency, Dial 9-1-1 TELEPHONE NUMBERS: Telephone # Fax Machine # Dispatchers - 24 hours a day 908-788-1202……………….908-806-8184 Fire & EMS 908-806-5804 Police North 908-806-5801 Police Central 908-806-5802 Police South 908-806-5803 Shift Supervisor 908-806-5806 Administration Mon.- Fri. 0830-1630 908-788-1205………………908-782-0057 Written & Compiled by: James S. Reasoner Senior Public Safety Telecommunicator #46 Hunterdon County Communications May 2007 1 MUNICIPALITY IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS: Alexandria Township 41 High Bridge Boro. 14 Bethlehem Township 42 Holland Township 15 Bloomsbury Borough 43 Kingwood Township 16 Califon Borough 44 Lambertville City 17 Clinton Town 45 Lebanon Borough 18 Clinton Township 46 Lebanon Township 19 Delaware Township 47 Milford Borough 92 East Amwell Twp. 48 Raritan Township 21 Flemington Borough 49 Readington Twp. 22 Franklin Township 91 Stockton Borough 23 Frenchtown Borough 11 Tewksbury Township 24 Glen Gardner Boro 12 Union Township 25 Hampton Borough 13 West Amwell Twp. 26 COUNTY GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT PREFIXES Public Safety Dept 83 Freeholder Board 84 Communications 85 Emergency Mgmt. 86 Fire Marshal 87 Health Department 88 Prosecutors Office 89 Parks/Recreations 29 Sheriffs Office 99 HAZMAT-1,2,3 Hunterdon County Health Department Hazardous Materials Response Unit’s COMMAND 86 Hunterdon County Office of Emergency Management Mobile Command Post N.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy
    HUNTERDON COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Hunterdon County, New Jersey December 2014 Disclaimer The work that provided the basis for this publication was supported by funding under an award with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development with additional funding from the U.S. Department of Transportation. The substance and findings of the work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in the publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Government. [ProjectHunterdon Name] County Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy JanuaryDecember 22, 20152014 Acknowledgements This CEDS document is a product of the collective efforts of numerous individuals and organizations, acknowledged below. Hunterdon County Board of Chosen Freeholders Edward Kurowicki, Bedard, Kurowicki & Co. J. Matthew Holt, Director Matt McPhearson, Union Hotel John King, Deputy Director, Planning Liaison Catherine McVicker, Economic Development Consultant Suzanne Lagay, Planning Liaison Kimberly Metz, Hunterdon County Polytech John E. Lanza Joel Moore, The Ridge at Back Brook Robert G. Walton Paul Muir, Mayor, Bethlehem Township Craig O’Brien, Mayor, Raritan Township CEDS Governing Committee Chris Phelan, Hunterdon County Chamber John Anderson, JCP&L Craig Proctor, Coldwell Banker Commercial Jacki Bellin, Raritan Valley Community College Jim Robinson, CenturyLink Robert Benjamin, Flemington Furs Tara Shepherd, HART Commuter Information Services Susan Blew, Hunterdon County Agriculture Development Board Jen Shore, Director, Hunterdon County Department of Human Services Liam Burns, Union Hotel Robert P. Wise, President and CEO, Hunterdon Healthcare System Michael Camerino, Mauro, Savo, Camerino, Grant & Schalk, PA Joseph Colalillo, President, ShopRite of Hunterdon County Hunterdon County Planning Board Staff Carol Cronheim, Assistant Secretary of State G.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Government Primer
    LOCAL GOVERNMENT PRIMER Alaska Municipal League Alaskan Local Government Primer Alaska Municipal League The Alaska Municipal League (AML) is a voluntary, Table of Contents nonprofit, nonpartisan, statewide organization of 163 cities, boroughs, and unified municipalities, Purpose of Primer............ Page 3 representing over 97 percent of Alaska's residents. Originally organized in 1950, the League of Alaska Cities............................Pages 4-5 Cities became the Alaska Municipal League in 1962 when boroughs joined the League. Boroughs......................Pages 6-9 The mission of the Alaska Municipal League is to: Senior Tax Exemption......Page 10 1. Represent the unified voice of Alaska's local Revenue Sharing.............Page 11 governments to successfully influence state and federal decision making. 2. Build consensus and partnerships to address Alaska's Challenges, and Important Local Government Facts: 3. Provide training and joint services to strengthen ♦ Mill rates are calculated by directing the Alaska's local governments. governing body to determine the budget requirements and identifying all revenue sources. Alaska Conference of Mayors After the budget amount is reduced by subtracting revenue sources, the residual is the amount ACoM is the parent organization of the Alaska Mu- required to be raised by the property tax.That nicipal League. The ACoM and AML work together amount is divided by the total assessed value and to form a municipal consensus on statewide and the result is identified as a “mill rate”. A “mill” is federal issues facing Alaskan local governments. 1/1000 of a dollar, so the mill rate simply states the amount of tax to be charged per $1,000 of The purpose of the Alaska Conference of Mayors assessed value.
    [Show full text]
  • Viking Wirral … and the Battle of Brunanburh Professor Steve Harding
    Viking Wirral … and the Battle of Brunanburh Professor Steve Harding Neil Oliver, “History of Scotland” BBC2, 2009 “ The many armies, tens of thousands of warriors clashed at the site known as Brunanburh where the Mersey Estuary enters the sea . For decades afterwards it was simply known called the Great Battle. This was the mother of all dark-age bloodbaths and would define the shape of Britain into the modern era. Althouggg,h Athelstan emerged victorious, the resistance of the northern alliance had put an end to his dream of conquering the whole of Britain. This had been a battle for Britain, one of the most important battles in British historyyy and yet today ypp few people have even heard of it. 937 doesn’t quite have the ring of 1066 and yet Brunanburh was about much more than blood and conquest. This was a showdown between two very different ethnic identities – a Norse-Celtic alliance versus Anglo-Saxon. It aimed to settle once and for all whether Britain would be controlled by a single Imperial power or remain several separate kingdoms. A split in perceptions which, like it or not, is still with us today”. Some of the people who’ve been trying to sort it out Nic k Hig ham Pau l Cav ill Mic hae l Woo d John McNeal Dodgson 1928-1990 Plan •Background of Brunanburh • Evidence for Wirral location for the battle • If it did happen in Wirra l, w here is a like ly site for the battle • Consequences of the Battle for Wirral – and Britain Background of Brunanburh “Cherchez la Femme!” Ann Anderson (1964) The Story of Bromborough •TheThe Viking
    [Show full text]
  • Official Republican Ballot Montgomery Borough Lycoming County, Pennsylvania May 18, 2021 Municipal Primary
    Official Republican Ballot Montgomery Borough Lycoming County, Pennsylvania May 18, 2021 Municipal Primary Instructions: To vote your ballot, completely fill the oval beside a choice using black or blue pen. To cast a write-in vote, fill the oval beside Write-in and write a name in the space provided. The use of a sticker or label to mark a ballot is prohibited by state law. A vote cast by means of a sticker or label shall be void and shall not be counted. Do not select more choices than permitted in each contest. If you make a mistake while voting your ballot, do not attempt to erase or cross out the mistake; instead, request a new ballot. Notice to Absentee Voters and Mail-in Voters: A voter who receives an absentee ballot or mail-in ballot and appears at a polling place to vote in person on Election Day may only vote by provisional ballot, unless the voter surrenders the official ballot and official ballot return envelope to the Judge of Elections at the polling place to be spoiled. Justice of the Supreme Court Sheriff Borough Council (Vote for ONE) 4 Year Term 4 Year Term (Vote for ONE) (Vote for not more than FOUR) Paula Patrick Philadelphia County Mark Lusk Joshua Geiger Jersey Shore Borough Kevin Brobson Dauphin County Daniel Strailey Jeffrey L. Frey, Jr. Montoursville Borough Patricia A. McCullough Allegheny County C. Roger McRae Write-In Write-In Montgomery Area Region 1 Write-In Judge of the Superior Court School Director (Vote for ONE) 4 Year Term (Vote for not more than TWO) Write-In Megan Sullivan Chester County Jonathan DeSantis Write-In Write-In Write-In Write-In Judge of the Commonwealth Tax Collector Court 4 Year Term (Vote for not more than TWO) Write-In (Vote for ONE) Drew Crompton Mayor Cumberland County 4 Year Term (Vote for ONE) Write-In Stacy Marie Wallace McKean County Edward E.
    [Show full text]
  • LEGISLATIVE JOURNAL-HOUSE. 811 to Consumer Credit in Amounts O! On·E Thousand Dciuars Mr
    \ 1947. LEGISLATIVE JOURNAL-HOUSE. 811 to consumer credit in amounts o! on·e thousand dciUars Mr. WATSON. Mr. President, I second the motion. ($1,000) or less; requiring licenses from the Sec.L"etary The motion was agreed lo. · of Banking; restricting licenses l-0 domestic business corpo­ rations; fixing minimum capital requirements; conien-ing The Senate adjourned at 7:29 o'clock, p . m. Eastern certain powers on the Secretary of Banking; limiting in­ Standard Tlme until Tuesday, March 25, 1947, at 3:00 terest and other charges; providing certain exemptions; o.'clock, p. m., Eastern Standard Time. and imposing penalties," excluding domestic non-profit corporations operated exclusively by and for members of the medical and dental professions from the p1·ovisions thereof. And said bill having been read at length the second HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES time and agreed to, MONDAY, March 24, 1947 Ordered, To be transcribed for a third reading, The House met at 4: 30 p. m. ;BILLS ON FIRST READING The SPEAKER (F,ranklin H. Lichtenwalter) in the Mr. TALLMAN. Mr. President, I move that the Senate Chair. do now proceed to tlie first reading of all bills reported PRAYER from commjttees f.or the first time at today's session. Mr. WALKER. Mr. President, I second the motion. The Chaplain, Rev. Lester C. Updegrove offered the following prayer: The motion was agreed to, <;; God of all grace and glory, so teach us to number our Agreeably to order, days that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom. In a The Senate proceeded to the first reading and con­ confused day, keep our minds clear and clean anci un­ sideration of House Bill No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Early Medieval Period, Its Main Conclusion Is They Were Compiled at Malmesbury
    Early Medieval 10 Early Medieval Edited by Chris Webster from contributions by Mick Aston, Bruce Eagles, David Evans, Keith Gardner, Moira and Brian Gittos, Teresa Hall, Bill Horner, Susan Pearce, Sam Turner, Howard Williams and Barbara Yorke 10.1 Introduction raphy, as two entities: one “British” (covering most 10.1.1 Early Medieval Studies of the region in the 5th century, and only Cornwall by the end of the period), and one “Anglo-Saxon” The South West of England, and in particular the three (focusing on the Old Sarum/Salisbury area from the western counties of Cornwall, Devon and Somerset, later 5th century and covering much of the region has a long history of study of the Early Medieval by the 7th and 8th centuries). This is important, not period. This has concentrated on the perceived “gap” only because it has influenced past research questions, between the end of the Roman period and the influ- but also because this ethnic division does describe (if ence of Anglo-Saxon culture; a gap of several hundred not explain) a genuine distinction in the archaeological years in the west of the region. There has been less evidence in the earlier part of the period. Conse- emphasis on the eastern parts of the region, perhaps quently, research questions have to deal less with as they are seen as peripheral to Anglo-Saxon studies a period, than with a highly complex sequence of focused on the east of England. The region identi- different types of Early Medieval archaeology, shifting fied as the kingdom of Dumnonia has received detailed both chronologically and geographically in which issues treatment in most recent work on the subject, for of continuity and change from the Roman period, and example Pearce (1978; 2004), KR Dark (1994) and the evolution of medieval society and landscape, frame Somerset has been covered by Costen (1992) with an internally dynamic period.
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar No. 238
    Calendar No. 238 110TH CONGRESS " ! REPORT 1st Session SENATE 110–107 DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, AND EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION BILL, 2008 R E P O R T OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS U.S. SENATE ON S. 1710 JUNE 27, 2007.—Ordered to be printed Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriation Bill, 2008 (S. 1710) Calendar No. 238 110TH CONGRESS REPORT " ! 1st Session SENATE 110–107 DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERV- ICES, AND EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES APPRO- PRIATION BILL, 2008 JUNE 27, 2007.—Ordered to be printed Mr. HARKIN, from the Committee on Appropriations, submitted the following REPORT [To accompany S. 1710] The Committee on Appropriations reports the bill (S. 1710) mak- ing appropriations for Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2008, and for other purposes, reports favor- ably thereon and recommends that the bill do pass. Amount of budget authority Total of bill as reported to the Senate ............. $605,536,474,000 Amount of 2007 appropriations ........................ 545,857,321,000 Amount of 2008 budget estimate ...................... 596,378,249,000 Bill as recommended to Senate compared to— 2007 appropriations .................................... ∂59,679,153,000 2008 budget estimate ................................. ∂9,158,225,000 36–285 PDF CONTENTS Page Summary of Budget Estimates and Committee Recommendations ...................
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo-Saxons and Scots
    Anglo-Saxons and Scots YEAR 4 SPRING ONE NAME: CLASS: © 2018 Reach Academy Feltham 1 | Page © 2018 Reach Academy Feltham 2 | Page Lesson How do we Who invaded What was life What did the What was the Why did the know about the Britain after the like for Anglo- Anglo Saxons heptatchy? Anglo-Saxons Question Anglo-Saxons? Romans left? Saxons? believe? build forts? Page | You will o Who Gildas o o What Anglo- o The pagan o About the o Who the 3 was. o The Scots Saxons ate beliefs of the seven Danes were. learn: o Who Bede invasion o What Anglo- Anglo- kingdoms of o Why Alfred was. from Ireland. Saxon Saxons England was o The o The Picts villages o The o The Kings ‘ Great’ W importance invasions looked like. importance Offa and hat a burh of the from the o The jobs of Norse Egbert. was, and Anglo-Saxon north. Anglo- mythology o Why Offa why they Chronicle o The Angles, Saxons did. mythology built a dyke. were built. Saxons and o How Anglo o How Jutes Saxon Augustine society was reintroduce organised d Christianity to England 2018 Reach Academy Feltham Academy Reach 2018 © Exit Ticket LESSON ONE: How do we know about the Anglo-Saxons and Scots? When did the Anglo-Saxons and Scots invade and live in Britain? Who invaded Britain before? Who invaded after? Write down everything that you already know about the Anglo-Saxons and Scots here: Glossary Term Definition Dark Ages The period of history during which there aren’t many written records.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Data for All of Pittsburgh
    PGH Open Data Progress Report data.pittsburghpa.gov Open Data for all of Pittsburgh In 2014, Mayor Peduto’s administration began an ambitious effort to make the City’s data open and accessible to everyone. True transparency and openness were essential steps in ensuring a more responsive City government, and equipping residents and neighborhood organizations with the tools and information they need to work toward stronger, more equitable communities. With our partners at Allegheny County and the University of Pittsburgh, we launched a regional open data platform and have since released 86 data sets. To make viewing and accessing that data even easier, we launched Burgh’s Eye View, a suite of interactive mobile web maps. Residents, community groups, non-profits, and researchers have all used this data to make our city better. Here are their stories. Open Data for all of Pittsburgh 2017 Progress Report PGH Open Data Progress Report Acknowledgments Editor Robert Burack Fellow, Harvard Ash Center Co-Author Tara Matthews Digital Services Analyst, Dept. of Innovation & Performance Photographer / Co-Author Sanjana Dayananda Coro Fellow, Dept. of Innovation & Performance It takes a village. The people who make open data happen: City of Pittsburgh Department of Innovation & Performance Geoffrey Arnold, Max Cercone, Nicholas Hall, Mark Hawley, Inez Khan, Paul Marks, and Laura Meixell Participating City Departments Bureau of Fire University of Pittsburgh Bureau of Police Western Pennsylvania Regional Data Center City of Pittsburgh Parks Michael Blackhurst, Bob Gradeck, Liz Monk, Department of City Planning Steve Saylor, and David Walker Department of Finance Department of Innovation & Performance Allegheny County Department of Permits, Licenses, & Inspections CountyStat Department of Public Safety Mary Aleprete, Michelle Bickel, Joanne Department of Public Works Foerster, Sarah Morgan, and Ellie Newman Office of Management and Budget Open data is made possible with generous support from the Heinz Endowments.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning in Late-Saxon Worcester
    Planning in late-Saxon Worcester by Jeremy Haslam 111 Abstract Recent analyses of some of the key aspects of the early development of the burh of Worcester in the late 9 th century are re-examined against archaeological, topographical and historical evidence. It is possibly to reinterpret this evidence, including the well-known charter of Aethelred and Aethelflaed of probably the 890s, to propose a new model for this early development, such that stages belonging to the origin of the burh from its beginnings in the early 880s as a burh of King Alfred, through an extension in the early-mid 890s, can be postulated. This has wider implications for early layout of burhs in general, and for any view about the development of urbanism in the late Saxon period. Recent detailed work on the early development of Worcester, from archaeological, topographical and historical perspectives, has generated some important models which have attempted to characterise the processes by which the early layout of the late 9 th century burh was implemented. This work has provided an exemplary and far- reaching case study in which work in these different fields has been brought together to create new syntheses. 222 These developmental models relating to Worcester have been utilised subsequently by Richard Holt in articulating a new model which characterises the initial stages of the formation of burhs in general, and hence of the wider development of urbanism in the late Saxon period of which these burhs are the physical manifestation. 333 This has questioned a widely-held paradigm of the early development of burhs in the late 9 th century in southern and Midland England, to the effect that the layout of streets, tenements and other physical aspects of these burhs should be seen as planned elements which belong to the initial stages of their development.
    [Show full text]
  • Himsworth Presentation
    LOCAL (AND REGIONAL?) GOVERNMENT Chris Himsworth 1. The case for a local government chapter. 2. Purpose and content. 3. Special cases (a) Islands (b) Cities (c) Capital city (d) Regions 4. Differences brought by independence 5. Reviewing the case 1. Convention 2. European Charter of Local Self- Government (1985) Art 2 3. Scottish instances 4. Purposes (institutional description/autonomy guarantee), techniques, and degrees of specificity CONVENTION Most modern constitutions contain articles on local government (cf recent Australian exercise on constitutional “financial recognition”) European Charter of Local Self- Government (1985) Art 2 “ The principle of local self- government shall be recognised in domestic legislation, and where practicable in the constitution.” Scottish instances (a) The Treaty of Union 1706 Art 21 (rights of royal burghs) (b) A Constitution for Scotland (1964) Ch 6 – Scottish Secretariat (see also the later “Constitution for Free Scots” Arts 45-55) (c) SNP 1977 and SNP (MacCormick) “An Idea for a Scottish Constitution” in Edinburgh Essays in Public Law (1991) But no reference to local government. (d) A Constitution for a Free Scotland (2002) Art 4 (SNP) (e) The Constitution of the Kingdom of Scotland (2010) (Constitutional Commission) Chapter Six LOCAL GOVERNMENT Art 92 The national Assembly shall grant to Local Authorities certain rights and powers to make and publish local byelaws and to levy local rates and taxes and to manage their own affairs. All such rights and powers shall be safeguarded by law, but all byelaws and levies shall be subject to the scrutiny and sanction of the National Assembly. Art 93 The areas and functions of Local Authorities shall be defined by statute in such a manner as to provide local bodies with as much power and initiative as is practicable within the Constitution.
    [Show full text]