The ADP/FS frame survey of Lake Kyoga and Lake Kwania
Item Type monograph
Authors Hartsuijker, L.; Kibwika, D.; Twongo, T.
Publisher Agricultural Development Project
Download date 29/09/2021 07:30:33
Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35401 .,
Lake Kyogaand Lake Kwania
1990 Uganda
by L. Hartsuijker D. Kibwika 1: Twongo •
Agricultural Development Project " Fishery Survey P.O. Box 343 Jinja
Jinja, September 1990
KYO 639.2.06(676.1) ------' 2
CONTENTS PAGE
1. The need for a census '-' .L:•• ~~en.?us mpthods 2.1 General on census Sample-surveys Survey cost .. .~ "_I • F'repar2.tion of the FI'"·a_me.~Survey" ~.L 1 The area to be covered Design and questionnaires 4. Survev sc: hed u l!-? 4· • 1 L.ogi.stics 4.2 Survey staff 4· • :3 Coverage of the area and the fishery 5 Su~__ ~>(ecut.:i.:on Survey Protoc61; visits and interviews I: ~-: '.~' '" 0'::' Landing site summary ~.::; 5 u '32mp 1':2 record 5.4 The assistance of MAIF personnel (Fisheries Dept.) 6 Sur\fe~sults: Landing .sitE':' summar-v 6.1 Boats 6.1.1 Used, unused and unusable boats 6.1.2 Boat Building and Maintenance 6.1. :::;; Operational fishing boats 6.1.4 Comparison with results of the MAIF census 1988 6.1. 5 Carier-boat, DB-engines, DB-mechanics and Fuel supply 6.2 Fishing gear used by operational' boats 7. Survey results; Sample record 7.1 Oll-mership 7.2 Gillnets 7.2.1 Numbers of boats operating gillnets Mesh-siys No. Nets per boat 7.,2.4 D(~cL::'T·,J.tion Df Ih.3.1f··-n2ts" 7.2.5 Total numbers of gillnets; used and n i2eded 7.3 Seines 7.4 Hooks and Traps 8 Prinripal products 9 §moking and smoking unit~ 10 Gear SUPPfl 11 gther activitie~ 12 Miscellaneous 3
1 • THf.L--'i~lJL.f.:.Q.!~ ~~ G.!?~.t!f~JH?.
The ADP Fisheries Survey of Lake Kyoga is charged with a stock-assessment programme. The term stock-assessment is generally used to exp~ess the need of fisheries managers for knowledge on fish stocks which are allegedly over-exploited already. stock-Assessment can be very comprehensive, costly and time-consuming. Essentially however, investigations into exploited stocks and the fishery should provide viable answe~s to the questions of management at the shortest possible notice. Surveys should in any case p~ovide indications concerning the rate of exploitation. That requires the execution of a catch assessment survey (CAS).
CAS is done by sampling from the fishermens catches and the extrapolation of results from that sampling to the entire fishery. Therefore, a CAS programme.requires reliable data on the volume and distribution of fishing effort. There is thus a need for a census prior to the desi~n and execution of any CAS programme.
2. CENSUS----_.._..-...... ----METHODS 2.1: G£n~r~L-9..!L.£ens.J.ls_..tech11iguf:.'s
Th~ census of a fishing industry is generally called a FRAME SURVEY. This is a rather comprehensive term, because there are many aspects of a fishery which one might wish to know. This is amply illustrated by the report on the partial census executed by the ADP/FS on the southern landings of L. Kyoga during December 1988. Frame surveys can for that reason be very elaborate and consequently costly.
In principle, frame surveys can very well be executed as sample surveys (like CAS), but such sample surveys still require information about the size of the total population and its distribution. For that reason, resea~ch projects in large bodies of water often propose the execution of an aerial census prior to a sample survey of the fishing population. This is indeed a quick, though very costly method to identify the location of landing sites and to count the total number of boats.
2.2: §_~..!ltQ.t~_:-jL'=.t..I:..~'..L~
The extrapolation of sample data is a statisticians occupational hazard. But every sampl~ has its variance and every extrapolation has its level of probability.
In simple cases, such as a large number of landing sites, but only one type of boat with one type of gea~, the results of limited sampling can satisfy the demands of fishery management
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-"'~ ,-',' ''>-'-(.. <~ - ··..·.._·'....,·'1-·.,; ..p":; ..' . {.~" .. quite easily. But the situations gets complicated where there are more boat types, and several gear types. The problem gets even more complicated if the ecological characteristics of the water body lead to divergent patterns of distribution of the major fish popUlations, because this also leads to divergent patterns in the distribution of ~ishing methods with different boat - and/or geartypes. ..,. nd Since in a new situation (first census) the sampling variance is not well known beforehand, the size of the sample should also be to large, like one out of every third landing, or the sampling should be stratified over large, medium sized and small landings. The latter usually implies the sampling of all large landings, about half of the medium-sized landings and one fifth of the smallest sites, or something similar.
Practically this means travelling over the entire area and sampling some 2/3 of all landing sites anyway. This is reason enough to do a complete census on any first occasion, but a second census could be limited on the basis of the degrees of variance found previously.
i.? .. 3:
The aerial survey had been budgeted for about U.Shs. 5,&25,000 in the ADP One-Year Action Plan March 1990-March 1991. Considering the aims of the survey, the statistical uncertainti~s and the cost of an aerial survey, it became obvious that th~ execution of a complete lake-wide census could be much less expensive and much s more effective than the execution of a sample survey after an by i:\ E)'(' i iii 1 Cf:)nsus.
Actually, the entire operation with 10 members of staff 20 days i nthe f i. (.:~ 1d c 0 ~;.-l~ abo1I t U_S h s • 1. , E, 0 0 , 000 ( Jun t;> 1 9'30 vallie (:~ ,,' • UB$'tOOO) ., •
~o :3. :I. :
The Lake Kyoga complex is much more extensive than the surface of the two major lakes Kyoga and Kwania. In fact the entire complex should be the project's survey area, but all swampy areas and series of minor lakes east of Lale on L. Kojweri and Iyingo on L .. Kyoga are virtually inaccessible by canoe, difficult to reach by road and partially still in insecure areas.. Moreover the expense to cover these areas remains prohibitive.
Howev~r~ previous data on fishing populations and catches include much of t:hf:~ ~::.\I,li,\lllpy litkE' i"rE:'ctS :i....·, ~)oT·ot:i d:i.!;;t.:r:i.ct.: ,:tnd t:h:i.~; ~:.holllcl be kept in mind in all comparisons with historic data. ~.:.;
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Th (." .Lr.:.~~.n}.~L_~i..':.U::Y..~Y. __ .~i.s.l')..9.!.~.~:.\.1~. 7 i • e • '1; h (~ bud!l ('? t 'f' (~q u i 'I' e d of 0 'f' i 'I; f:; execution, had to be pTepaTed on the basis of an estimate of the time needed to visit all landings and to inteTview a laTge numbe~ of boat opeTatoTs on those landings. III The table below pTovides infoTmation fTom pTevious sUTveys and 1990 sUTvey Tesults fOT compaTison alTeady~
CE"'SUS U~KE KYOGA LAKE I<.W(.:)I-JIA
ADP 1987 78 L. 3459 used 556 unused included with L. Kyoga MAIF 1988 100 L. 3074 boats NO DATA 22 L. 421 boats NO DATA ADP 1990 102 L. 3189 used 563 unused 48 L. 694 used 76 unused
Th.E:~ 8.~f~,~Q.!J.2..!:.!,~i.....J,~~ ..8? on southeTn L. Kyoga coveTed 28 landings with 1S01 used boats dUTing 17 days an~ extTapolated the Tesults to a total of 78 landings on the entiTe L. Kyoga complex. The MAIF census of 1988 mentions 122 land!ng sites without fUTtheT specification. But that infoTmation means that a full census could take 122: 28 x 17 ~ 74 days with one team of enumeTatoTs. HoweveT the sUTvey effoTt and expense had to be bTought back to about 20 ~ays, with 2 teams of enumeTatoTs still a laTge opeTation anyhow.
-It means that enumeTating teams would have to coveT 120:20:2 ~ ~bout 3 landings peT team peT day. Large landings could take mOTe than half a day's wOTk. It was theTefoTe necessaTy to reduce the questionnaiTe to vital information only. The expeTience gained dUTing the ADP 1987 sUTvey was helpful.
~_an.Qj...D..!L si..:!:;e i_Dfo.l:..matJoD, could best be obtained f'f'om the Gabl.mgc\ (fishing chief) in Tesidence 0'1' any otheT peTson in chaTge. It was not realistic to expect all Tesident boat opeTatoTs to tUTn up faT an inteTview. TheTefoTe it was decided to use 2 fOTms:
a landing, site summaTy; a sample TecoTd fOTm. MOTeoveT those sUTvey fOTms had to be designed in such a way that some pTioT analysis could be done in the field at the end of any day, including the check on eTTOTS and omissions.
2. THE LANDING SITE SUMMARY was extTacted fTom the fOTm used dUTing the pTsvious sUTvey, including only basic questions on fishing equipment and economic aspects. It includes two new questions:
the names of neiahbouring sites~ fOT cOTTect map TefeTence and in oTdsr to avoid skipping lan~ing sites;
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the numbe~s of unused and unusable boats: to compa~e with the potential ~esult of an ae~ial su~vey, and to get bette~ info~mation on the state of the fishing fleet (boat building and m"'\ :i. nt; ~:~ni:\ nCli-:) • ~f thE' numl:H?'(' The SAMPLE RECORD FORM was rest~icted to the numbe~s of fishing equipment? the ownership of th, boat and subsidia~y activities of ~)c)at o~)e·ratc)·~s. ~ iand The sample record comp~ises questions about fishing gear, but ntit only fo~ the general pu~pose of any census. Knowledge on the numbers of gillnets is still useful to the ADP ~ehabilitation prog~amme through the p~ovision of inputs. Fu~the~mo~e gillnets .yoga are used for active and passive fishing and this may ~eflect in I DAH~ the numbe~s pe~ boat. unu£;ecJ
s with to a AIF
O·l's.
Two of the fibe~glass canoes we~e t~anspo~ted from Jinja to Bukungu on 22 May. P~oject staff, with camping ge~~, outboa~d engines, two d~ums of pet~ol and othe~ items of eq~ipment went to Bukungu on 28 May.
It was the o~iginal intention to move staff and equipment along the lake sho~es as the su~vey proceded. Howeve~ the volume of the equipment and the weight of the loaded ba~~els of pet~ol did )ung.:-\ not allow this cou~se. Mo~eove~ putting up camp p~oved to be a It: time-consuming ope~ation and almost unfea.ible without the help ;u'('n of a car fo~ t~anipo~t f~om the landing site and back. IS: • Therefo~e the first base camp was maintained at Bukungu. The two enume~ating teams covered almost all of L. Kyoga p~ope~ du~ing 9 days of field wo~k. that any Thereafte~ the camp was shifted f~om Bukungu to Lwampanga. Heavy equipment was t~anspo~ted ove~ the ~oad via Jinja and Kampala. Working from the base at Lwampanga? the survey covered the d weste~n pa~t of L. Kyoga (west of Zengebe Fe~~y) and almost all n of L. Kwania, including a number of floating islands in that a~ea. This took 5 days of field work.
The pace of the su~vey was rather high? with an ave~age of about 6 landings pe~ team per day. Consequently there was a need for some days ~est. Some days were spent on the transport.
-, "" "7
Two project vehicles remained at the two base c~mps thTOllghout the survey_ TtlO Nissan Pick-up for ttle transport of eql\ilJment franl the camp to tt}P boats and back ~nd the f'ajero as a sto~e ~oom for all tIle projects valLlables CiT)clllding survey data). l.. andings aroLlnd BLI~tllngLI ~nd Lw~mparlga we~e Blso visited by "road.
If .. 2: SlJR'JEY STAFF
The sU'rvey staff cc~nsi$ted of:
Supervising Officers: D-p. T. Twongo and Mr. D. Kibwik~ Enumerators: M-p. J. Gonga, Mr. J. Keddi and M-p. G. Odo~go Boat Operators M·p. I. Musana and Mr. H. Ziraba Drivers M·p. D. Salidawa and Mr. J. Magezi
"The consultant M"r. L. Hartsuijke"r remained with the surv~y team during the entire period and joined one of the canoes.
4.3, ~OVERAGfi- OF_JHE AREA AND _THE FISHgFY
The survey cove~ed the two majoT lakes from as fa~ eas~ 85 possible until the confluence of both lakes into the River Nile. Landings on affluent 'rive"rs CNile and Sezibwa) were not included bec~u5e they do not fO'pm part of the lake. Since the enumerating teams had to operate 'from their bases at Bukungu and Lwampang~, most landings were visited at times between 9 an\ alld 4 pm. At those times most boats were on the landing sites. Day-time fishing has been observed, but this was not extensive and because survey teams came in ove-r ttle water, outlying boats cOL,ld often be included in ttle record.
Landing site information was obtained during visits to 134 Oltt of 150 fishing conlmUllities. On L. Kyoga this includes 94% of the ~egistered landings with 98% of the boats, except fOT parts of the SOToti district; on L~ Kwania this was 79_ of the landings with 8"7% of the total number of boats.
After the survey, at the beginning of July, a member of the ADP staff made a visit to the Di~t~i~t FisheTies Office at So"roti. I"fo~mation was gained about 9 more landings with 249 fishing boats, m05t of th£~m on the sout:he"rn pa"rt of the IIS o ",..o"ti ","rm" and in Serere COLtYlty across from IyingoM
That info~matiDn comprises landing site summa~ie5 only, thus no sample record~
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The results of that visit brought the total number of operational fishing boats to 4045 and the field survey had recorded 3796 boats fishing. Therefore the coverage by the field survey has been around 94% of the total. oad. F:i,!;;hE"('mf~n IJJ(;~'('(,~, moving northIIJ,;\'('d!;;' r,:\pidly dtlring th(;,~ l,:\!::.t: months; some of the boats in So~oti may actually have been counted in Kamuli during June. Therefore the total count should not be considered an under-estimate.
Fishermen may prove to be mobile all the time, but this will not affect their total number, unless there be migrations from outside the two lakes or an increase in the boat building. Such events should be monitored by the MAIF personnel in the area.
At all landings the enumerating teams proceded according to a rapidly evolving protocol: Asking for the Gabunga (fishing chief), his assistant/secretary or any other person in charge (at most times a member of the local Resistance Council, R.C.). On many sites the survey teams were accompanied by the Assistant Fisheries Development Officer (A.F.D.D) or the Fisheries Assistant (F.A.) in residence. As soon as persons in authority were around, the purpose of the census and its proced~re was f:~ x p 1 a :i, ned. ,Ie. lded Most often the fishermen were frightened by the interference with d:;ing their daily business. Explanation could ta~e more time than the la, actual census, but every effort was made to appease the It fishermen's feelings.
Dn ,:\ 11 L:\ '(' g f~> 1 ,,\ nd:i. n 95:' c.:\ ny site with mo'('e th an 20-30 boats;) t:h E?: '(HI 1 d protocol was carried on as long as it took to obtain the correct information. • t of The cooperation was particularly bad at some of the small (~ landings, removed from their village, especially during mid-day. f In such cases the landing site summary was filled after g!::. inspection of the boats, the fishing gear lying in those boats, supplemented by any information any bystander proved willing to '(' (,y! 1 e c\ f"' (,~ • DP ane! The two enumerators usually did wor~t independently, at most times with different informants as well, particularly on large landings no where there was no time for mutual consultations until after completion of the census.
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One enumerator filled the landing site summary with help from th leading informant, usually after inspection of the boats on the landing. Much data were obtained from the Gabunga's memory andlor his written record. At some sites the inspection of the boats gave reason to a bit of cross-examination.
The census of the boats was always followed by an inquiry into the gear types used by those boats. This often took the form of leading question, focussed on the declaration of illegal gear such as seines. After determination of the numbers of boats wit harmless gear such as hooks and traps, a comparison with the total number of fishing boats on the left hand side of the table made clear that all other boats should be carrying gillnets or seil1es.
The tabula~ arrangement of the questions concerning boats and gear was very helpful to unravel all sorts of discrepancies. Bo.a"l;s uF,i n~1 2 t:y p~:~s of g£:.'aT' we'rf:~ very 'ra"re, most 0 f t;hem cI u gou t:s: with hooks and a few pieces of ne~. Equally rare were cases of fishermen with some gear but without boat.
5.3: SAI'1PLI::: I~ECOI:;:D
The second enumerator went along the boats on the landing and interviewhd their operators (owners and non-owners) with respect to the numbers of their fishing gear. Information on seines could also be collected in absence of the owner as long as that ~eine was lying in the boat, or in absence of the seine if that 'information was given willingly.
At large landings the sample was often limited to a substantial part of the boats (60 to 100); at small landings the sample usually included all boats present. Only where the cooperation. failed, on small landings, sampling was omitted.
Total sampling was regularly spread over the lakes shores and provided information on about two-third of all fishing boats.
~j.,+: THE ASSISTANCE OF MAIF FISHERIES DEPT PERSONNEL
The Ministry of Animal Industries and Fisheries CMAIF) has Assistant Fisheries Development Officers CAFDO's) and Fisheries Assistants (FA's) deployed around the lakes. On many sites the resident personnel of Fisheries Department participated in the census and their help proved to be valuable in most cases. Considering the mobility of the fishing population, most MAIF personnel is rather well informed about the numbers of boat-operators in th~ area of their administration, but with respect to those fis~ermen's equipment they often rely on the records kept by the·Gabunga, and too many Gabunga's rely on thei memory. MAIF personnel provided mo~t of the information on the 14 landing sites which were not visited by the enumerating teams
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Landing sites summa~ies mention. the following catego~ies= into ,fen'm of D···· DUG··-OUTB [9 £) c:1 T' S- SSESE V- Bottom planked canoes I,:\ts \l.li·1; p - PARACHUTEB~ Flat-botton planked canoes th£·~ COB CARRIERBOAT (MOTORIZED)~ almost all Ssese e t<:\bll:~ CP - CARRIERBOAT (PADDLED ) eH' tEo OTHER - Mostly UNIDENTIFIED mixtu~e of Sand P mainly.
and The following table provides a summary of data from both lakes. 8'5. d Ll ~I Oll·t:!:; L.AKE KYOGA U~KE II.,WANIA TOHH.. ses ()f USED UI-.JUSED UI-.JUB·· USED UNUSED UHUS- USED UNUSED UHUS ABL.E ABLE ABL.E
D 203 :1.'+ E.. E, 75 3 1.-..J':: 278 17 8l S 1988 1E""'i P17 ~:iEd 18 38 255~j 182 2~.'.i~j ,"=Ind P 713 32 61 1 2 71.(i 32 63 respect COB ~:.iE) 2 to bE. 2 nes CP 20 :I. 3 :I. 21 1 3 ;; tha'l~ DTH A~:.i8 1 -'-to 498 1 f thc"l.t TOH~L 3.(-138* c~ Vi 3.(i 7 6 '3.(t 21 4132* 235 .(t02 mtial )le 6.1. :1.• 'ation The partial ADP census of 1987 reports 23% of the boats as being "unused" wi·thout any fU'rtIH~'r specific<.'\tion. ThEn'e IIJ(-?'re two and '('e,:\!son!;; to m,:\ke <:\·mcJ·r£·~ !:;pf~cifiecl c£~rH:·U~; of thi!:;. catego'ry of L"\;s. boats. •
Unused boats actually turn up in an aerial census, or at least those which are not kept under water. Tbis could lead to bias in the extrapolation of CAS results (an over-estimate), at least e:·~;. e'ri with the present rough techniques of estimating total catch which i~h€~ s do not consider the effective fishing time. th(·:·:·
"Unused" boat!;;. will (?itIHH' bl:~ "t<-?mpo'ra'l'ily unused 0'1' ·tot.:\11y AIF unusable. But ADP/FS includes a boat building prDg~amme which has not yet been activated. So it was useful to look into the th status of boats, boatbuilding and - maintenance. th(·:·~ n th£-!i' The total number of boats on L. Kyoga and L. Kwania amounts n thli:~ to 4769 of which: used A132 = 86.E.% (here incl. Soroti t£·~~"l.ms.• d ,;\ -1.::.:\ unused .... 4 .. 9% u I1U S <:t b 1 (.:.~ .... 811 4%
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V.t!l1.§.t-;;.Q"'R..tt£t~}.t-,.~. \':I:'f"" f;: d (0 C 1. ;.;"\ T' f::O d S D f {J"(' 1:; lJJ C1 "('10 <:\ 5 0 n '!..') ::
boa'ls withOl\"t fi~;t)ing gea'r, SCJffie new boats, some old (gea"r <:il.:oliDn) :; (JIll boats waiting fo'''' 'rer)ail~S
It i'; however obviou!:; tl1at Inany boats il"l ttlQ ].atter category wi.II l"leVP1' t)e 'papal"reel, clecay goe~; on A}1d 'ttlOY a're eventl\ally w"ritten off.
IJnfo"r"tlIYlately ttle sllrvey diel not pay enough attention to ttle (Jifferel1ces amol1g unllsed IJoats,. The most li~tely distribution is atJOLl't 20% new, 40% "repai'rat)}e, 40% vi'rtl~ally unllsable. Ttlis means tl1at tl'lere are about 4270 boats llsable UNUSA f.<,!- E__~Q.,'.!..:~''' a"rc con~~ide'red beyoncl repai·r. Remarkable is th~t th£::'S.f:~ bOI:\t;~; Cctn be fOllnd in concentrations• • 011 La~te Kyoga 73% of llnusable boats was found On 29 sites Ollt of the 96 landings visited, most of them in Kaml\li district. On Lake Kwania, 56% of the unll!sable boats were fOl\nd on 4 sites Ollt ()f the 38 landings visited. The Sllrvey did not enqlli're into the ownership of unusable boats, b\.\t it would 110t be sltrprising if most of them would prove to be absentee ent"rep"renellrs. is. 1.2: ~OAT_ BU I LD.!..!~G AND i'IA I NTENANCE Many olej boats in all catego'ries show IIp like a floating advertisement for some oriental brand of cDQ~(ing oil, because the bright yellow tins are used "to stop holes and crac~ts. Paint is l'aTely l\sed. For lac~t o'f anything better, many repai"rs are made with pieces from unusable boats, many nails, rubber strips from ()lcl tubQs~ toge·t~)e·r with sC'rap aluminium or pieces of tins. At some landings this gave reason to short discussions on the problems of boat building ancl maintenance, i.e. indications with 'respect to the reasons for the deplorable state of a large part of the fishing fleet. The p'rincipal complaint conce'rns the price of the timber, besides ttle irregular supply of all materials needed and a lack of toe:)].s. A small fis~1ing SSESE (V-bottom) cost about U.Shs. 80,000, which is about US I 200.- at the rate af 1,400 during JI.lne 1990. Thai: tYF)e of boat is said to have a life span of about 3 years. l~i'Jhing nets however, with a reported life time of ~)al'F a yeaT, are expensive ~s well. There'Fore fi5~lermen have ,nany probJ,ems to survive a11d maintain their means of production a't the same time. ~-"- ~ ---.,- \------==~~--,I'l:'~ 'k,,;;.,.::. - - -"" -. ..- - np.I~.t:;D":[.I9-!:~!D.!":....EIJ}.!:1.Lt!JL_J.~.PJ1I1=l The census of ~oth lakes amounts to 4045 used fishing boats: DU(~OUTS S~3FEF (\,,!····f:!DTTOM) (~~5c:'() 6l" 6::1: pnRAC~UTE l ~:)% FlnT-BOTTOM) ':3/) /) 2 • II I'ry wi J. I"ri tt:en TOTAL FISHING AND IDENTIFIED 378-0.. FISHING, UNIDENTIFIED (S + P mainly) ::~ ~:5"7 :he T~TnL FISHING (DECLARED USED) :ion i!;; is: The SSESE is tho. most common type of fishing boat aTound both ll\d(·?d) lakes" PaTAchutes a~e mainly found in the ea5te~n Tegions of L. 1< >' C) !~l i\ 'J P iii T' ticul ,;\ 'r'l}' aT' 0 u n d J y :i. n 9 0 ( K ~\ mul i _. d :i. ~; t: T" i c t,: ) i:\ n cl i n 1:; h c·~ is t:hC\ Soroti 8Teas" Fishermen seem to prefer the 88ese for its better stability in open wateT. That V-bottomed boat type has a sturdy keel and therefore it might also be more Tesistant to the hazards out: of of landing and have·a longeT life. On es (:>ld; The Teasons why Parachutes aTe still popular among a regional part of the fishing population, have not been investigated, but they are cheaper to construct because theTe is no keel and boat~" because theT's are less planks needed. to b0~ The enumerators did not specify or identify the make of 257 fishing boats~ but 148 canoes in 3 places were declared a mixture of Ssese and Parachutes (Okile Port, IgoolB and Zengebe FeT'ry)" If t;hfJ ·rem,:t:i.ncle.'T com~n'i!::.E-?~; 8::<' dU~lout!:. i:lnd 92% pl.:\n~~.E)d c.:\no£-'~;, -t,:he total number of 25l unidentified canoes comprises only 8 \se th dugouts. For compaTisons the number of unidentified boats is It i~;;. added to that of the planked canoes. ~ mild f:~ f'rom The following table compares results of both sUT'veys~ MAIF 1988 he the totals and ADP 1990 used boats only: wit:h pi:l'rt LAKE I'~YOGA LAKE Kv,lAtHA TOTAl.. MAli=' ADP l'1A1F ADP 1'1 AIF ADP D It E,~:; 209 75 5E,1 ~~8ft S+P PE,09 3 t ~5:3 r.08 2':la.l.t 37E.l '2-"t7.·~ TOTAl... ~..' ~j ~ ..c c.. illl~? h,,\VE') The MAIF census of 1988 reports 3495 fishing boats on both ic)n li;',kE'!;;·" Th('! ADP cenf.:·u~:; :1.990 <:\mo\.l.nt:~::. t·o 1.1(1)5 u~;c-~d .L.~..!!!:h.iJJ..!l boc\tf.:.; if GO% of the temporarily unused fishing boats are added to the ADP total, the numbeT' amounts to a total of about 4187 usable f :i. c:· h :i. 11 !~ b 0 ,:\ t !:; .. .- '. - .~.. , ...~ ,~ -_._- ., . ,--<~'. ~j{,::'i. :l:J Tl12 St,lrVC/ (~ol.lntri for 1... u KyOgd c~mc rathc"r close dlld that is flot ~;l,~p·rising. MAIF ~ield ~:t~!f t~aG bec~n deployed a"round L.. Kyoga be'foro rlQW~ 8XCejJt ill tt)~ S(:)roti··-dist·ri(~·t~ Accor(1il1~ to val'ious c[)mn)(:~rlt~:~ fir~t)erm[~n t,a'/2 DIlly been moving bi(C'~ ·t<:) the So"roti a~ea "08Cer1tly and B're OVP11 mj.nrati.l~G ba{:~~ 110W from Kamuli dist"ri<:t maiY)ly. L'_N Kw~r)i~ howpvc"r i!" ~;til:L lac~til'g MnIF field staff~ The AOP (~QllSII': fOtlnd 48 landillgs ills·tead of ttlC previoltsly "repo"r"ted 22 C~lnIF ceTl~~ltS)~ w:ith 252 m<)TO fishing boats arId the"re are ·~til'. ~ few slllalJ. lll'lidQl-ltificd l,andings in tho extreme nO'rth €~as·te·i'n 'lip of 'the l~I,{e (t_i'PB clil~t'rir't, DO~{Dlo cOlJnty)R Ttle 1;~'}le (above) shows a (jec're~se in the nlJmber of dllgout (~anoe!:; arld 01') increase in t~le number ()f plan~{ed canoes, even on L. Kyoga N(}w j.t (:annot be excluded tllat some (jugouts remain hidden amo118 t~le papy'ruG oL\tr;ide landings sites, but is obvious ttlat the dUgCluts are disappearillg f'rom the fishery, since they have not been ,'repla(~ed fo-r a long time~ • Dugo1jt!; may last for as long as 30 years, bllt the trees from which they we're made a're getting scarce. By the time dltgouts a're de(:].ared unu~sal)le they are almost unsalvagable. In 'fact 'the sllrvey fOllnd 81 ltT~u~~at)le dUgOllts on a tot~l of 375, Q~ 21% l~nusable, wllich is Inore than twice as much as the percentage llnusable ~mong the plan~{ed canoes (9.0%). Eh:l...5: CARR IER BOATS-,,-_.9.I~~E.tt.s;I I::I.!'-S, OB-J1ECHANI (;S AND FUEL SUPPL Y The survey found 8'7 CARRIER BOATS, of whicll 66 motorized and 2j, paddled. The HAlF cenSllS of 1988 CDu11ted 66 moto~ized boats or) L. I In !5pi'te of thei'r mobility 'ttlV su~vey must have seen mo£~t of ttlC (:ar'rier boats~ thougll ';ome may have been COllnted twice and some 1'lot at all. Tt~p 'reason for this statement is that most carriero-boats were engaged on lan(jing sites during survey hours (9 am to 4 pm). The landing site sllmmary includes a Clttestion on trade, and the answers a'('e sl\pported by ttle sllrveys observations. There are tW() ~)'rincipal types; of t'racle: in fresh fish and in cured fi~;h p·~oducts. Tho're is a ron~;ide'~~b10 dail)' t'f'ade in fresh fish from many ].,~ndings towa'r(:ls coll~ctj.Oll centr~s on the SDllther11 shore!; of L" V'I'CJ~j,:\ (pli-";cp!::. :I il'.C' ZengpbE}, V,:i, gllul i, D""galet., K':lwongo, BukllnDu, l - ...... ~~~ - -,-'-- '~-'-'-~--"--"-- --~,r,. -~'-",. '., .c- , '~ ' tA 6-8 am~ arrivc~ ~t collectiDn centres between 8-10 am~ where it ~s ncd :i. ~::. 0 f of .... :I 0 ,,'\ cl co do ...', :I Co r T :i. (? !::. " p :i. c k u p ~::. ;:\ ....,cI b :i. eye :I c·, \::. f 0.,.' t:'(' ,:1 n !::. po.,.' t: t: D KYD~1 <:\ urban centres ~uch as KampBla~ ToroTo and VBTious district E\'('iOlolS c"". p :i. t:,·:\ I ~::. " Th C!:~· (;:. c i:, -r-T:i. CT' bo i,'\ t: \::. \','E'T c·:' c·:'n CDU n·~.:E'Ted d U T :i. 'n n c",ll mo""n :i. 'n 9 i .;\ .,.. f,:- c", .' j.et ff.. Tbp .pr~nd tyrO ~f +rAc!p r~ncPTri~ the t-r-ansportation Df dTied and ~': .:~ t~ (~, t~ '/:~ ,,~i~' C~ i: ;::. (:; .. ·f :i..::: h ,," J )::, .. ,'\ :I t,::; ,:\ ... i):; (:; 1 ,.:; :::i :i. ::: m0 ! :. c c! f :i. ;::. h " C,.\ 'r T i T b 0 ,:\ '1.:: :::. a r 0) thE-T'E') loading fTom mid-mo'rning to eaTly aftcornoDn~ then move (acToss) • nor"\";1"1 t 0 ~:. 0 U '1:: h (·:~·r n V. )' 0 U,:\ 1 .::\ '1"1 d :i. n G,:; ., \lJ h C' .(' C~ t h C) I' () f flo ...:\ dun '1:: ill ,:\ t C) :i. nth c· afteTnoon. These aTe often mass tTansports and caTTieTs remain on the landings a long time. e,:\no0 , Kyog The station of motorized caTTieT boats has not been established~ ~mon ~I but their total number corresponds to that observed during the 1988•• nc)t~ MAIF census Since motorized tTansport from L. Kwania goes mostly to southern Kyoga landings as well, most motorized carriers are probably stationed on those southern landings. Paddled carrier boats have not been investigated. )111 ItS. ,:\ T' OUT-BOARD ENGINES are mostly MARINER~ YAMAHA and EVINRUDE, with 15, 25 or 40 HP mainlj~ but details have not been collected. DB .... mc·)ch,:lnic~::. \I,H,)T0) found :i.n 10 pl,H~f:'s.•:\lc~ng l..~\~a·) Kyo9a, 1 in La!!.p Kwania. FUEL supply stations are virtually non-existant. T""<"I d f::·T·~::· p'r'o b i:\ b 1 y t:':i ke c.,\ TE:- () f t:h Eo :i. T 0\1,11'1 ~:.L1 p ply :i.n "rC)t:LI Tn f'rom U '(' ban c co n t T c' :", " IPPL.:C (.. f? :: ld 21. Details on the fishing gear will be provided from the sample ;5 or. record. The following table summarizes the ~nfo.,..matiQn gleaned ;i(Jn~; fTom the site summaries~ including data from Soroti obtained 'e to after the survey~ l..." KYOG{H,SOF"< l.. .. KtH)tH Po TOTrH.. % OF IDENTIFIED l'f t,: h f:~ (3II...L!··1ET~3 22?J+l2EJ 't')9 29 i.~ I. '79. '7~1(. '7 ~) ~;E:r I'!E~:; 303+ EA I L .. If39 :1.2.0% H(J(JV,S t21+ t9 /.. (. lSe 5.01<. TF:APS 103+ :l.t I: 1:1.8 :~" 2% \..11'., I DErlT I I:" I ED 310+ '5f.. (.'.':'; <+31 thE) ..r(~ tw TOTAl... FI .. :OOr.tT~; 100" At i:. h :i. ':; poi 1'1 t: :i. -1:.: :i. :::. :i. n t; (:~ T f:) ~:; t,: :i. n !l t: 0 k 1'1 D \,,1 :i. f t h f? d (~ c 1. ,:~ 'f' e d n U mb C~ 'f' 0 -r seines comes anywhere near to the real quantity L1sed on the ()f L .. •g L1, l.,-..kf?':; .. en In order to find out, a comparison is made between the relative numbers of gillnets and seines on the landing summary and in the sample record, using survey data only since no samples were <:) b t ,:\ :i. ned of T' 0 rn t h c' E 0 'f" D '1:: i 1. ·.:'1 '''', din !l ~:. T' () eDT' d f:~ d t h 'f' 0 t..I !l h thE) 17.:.. F~ .. (J .. 15 l'i(J(Jl,~ ~l'ld t'ra~)s arc excll\(1bd ·f·rom this (~DmpaTison, beCalA!10 they a1'f' ffiainly ltsc:d by C'I,IUOl!t~; and becallse tt)ese boats tlBve t'0011 nluch l(-!s~ '~~nlrle{1 rOl'~Y 33~ (Jll I_u I Th .. 9 :l. :I :! Y" I::, -1".: ./ ,.; C' :i. n c- ~·tiu ~r)r)e2'r's '~o b2 about ttlr? s~m(~ in both C ,,\ '~; (,2 ~.-:. :; 1... 0r,c1ing Sltmma'~Y ,., 2798 g:illnQt·tD·rs/375 s(~ines ~ 7M5: 1 S,·;\mr..\lc:- "('(·::oeo'c·d 1974 gillnett2rs/251 sein2s 7. '):: 1. As cxplai110d UY1(:lcl' 5.2 tt~e two enume·~a·toTs on eac~h site did wo·(·~~ il1rlPIJendentl.jy at mos·t times with different illformants as wcllu In isolatecl CA~~e~~ the landirly site summa'r)' was cO'r'rected afte't~ contl'ol of th:2 s~mple 'peco"('d, in orde'p to cO'rrect blatant lies abol~t mattC'f'S whictl cOllld actu~11y bu observed on the landiYlg. TtlG 6ample "'ecord should be conside"red as representative as could be obtain0d~ • I'f we apply t~)e gillne't/seine 'ratio f"rom the sample 'reco'rd to the lal'l(jing site summary, the"re should have bee!l alJout 403 seines arld '2770 gjllnetto'rs~ only 7% less seines. r'ercentages in the table above shO\J)"d tllen IJe correctecj by about 0.9%. 7. ~.lm~'EY f 7. 1 Q.".t1.EF(SH U' P'pevio\~s investigations (nnp census 1987) indicated that many boats were ()Wlled by 110ll-fishillg 01ltrepreneurs. Some of these ()WnC1'S fish their own boat as well and "reside on the landing, S(Jme of tllem a're absent. Such a situation influences the economics of fishing o~)eratiol'S, mAy "reflect in the amounts O"r 'fis11i119 ge~'r an(1 the're are always rumours about differences be'lween catches and 1~ndin9s. The're was reason to include the questioll about oWllership in the sample record. While sO'rting the da·ta, it appea'red that the question of oWllership cculej riot be regarded as straight'-forward as expect2(j. Seve~a] pe"rsons own moore than 1 boat, others manage ~ Y)umt)o'r e)f bCJats th21 (10 ll0t own and some fi~;he"rm0n own boats whicl1 they use and hire on[~ ~)1~ two C)'~tlE~~S which they do ll0t OWl'. Ttle following tahles sumlna"ri20 the ~es~~lts f(J"(' L. I , ~ ,.,-. .. -.- .. -.,-'-,""- --'.'~--.. '- '.'-.~'~ :1.(. i ~0~ tl'H~Y l) f..:. f~ n rrH.\ ~5" !··I 0 " D C1 nT ~~ P E: F:: BDnTF i i DPFr-::nTDr;: ~) C" ..., :1. /)9'" H!.::<' c.. ~:.r I .13'" fbc:et.:h -::) "-:.- ~:> ~. '.',l I•.• ;;•.. II:X. l~ I ! AO -:::"J ""7 ~... ( tle '1 1 -, I .,. , :I. ~:.:.;~) :!.C 1. ~:) 0 ~ TDT()!.. 1176 81% 1625 83~ 1••• \..' •••• did \I,IOT'~ S \"'G'll" a ft.: I?! r t l:i.€~~:; !'Io.. flOnTf:; r'E F:: Ho. BOATS )')~l" ncl:i. OP[r::(')TOI~: ,:IS cou 1 :I. 209 68::<' E~09 ~.:;~.;,; 51 17" ~:.; :I. 13j1(. '::) ;.~8 I•.• 'J:J(. ::;s 15" 'rel to .t; ') 3" P7 7". ein(~f:; ;:\1 '+ .... ::.~ ~~ . 3:>:: '+0 10" thE' 'I::':lbl ...... _ - _ _ _ _--_.- _--- --_.__._--______._-_._._----_..__.._._._--_ _. TOTAl... '3:1. 17% 51 :1.3:)(. Mixed ownership/non-ownership is not indicated, so the same person miaht be found in both columns occasionall>,~ The p2T'Cent~ges for the different categories in beth lakes are rE'l'r'I;,'lrki:\bly clo!::.E~. Thf:~ f()ll()\lJin~1 t':lble p-r·('!:f::.f:)·n-!;;1;;, a !::.ummciT·}' of d,:\·t:":"1 i n p c: 'r c:: ~;:> n t c\ !~ E) !" " Number of operators ~,lumbC-:'T' of F. With respe~t to the owners of more than 1 b()at~ the cinswers are not fully satisfying; a logical consequence of the survey 'x pect:(·:,'d. pT'Dt:DcDl " :m be'f' C) f I th~;:>y u "r h (.:.: c 1 (',\ ~:~. ~::. i ·f :i. c (';"\ t :i. () '("I II C) V~t 'n c-:' dr, :!.·n .~::. h D ~:;. c· C {':l ~:~ c' ~::. C) n ].)0' In [.~ i:'\ r', ~~; t:h <':l t: t.h E' 'o11o\lJin D'..) '1": (::. 'i" i ~::. p T C~ .,::. c::· n '1.:: d 1..\ T :i. r', I:; t: h (.:~ .:::. '.. '. 'f'" / ",~ >' " () t In c< ~:;. t -1,:: i III c' '::' h <-:') :i. ~:; '::\ Tosidcnt as woll, but it dDPS not mean that he uses even one boat fnr fishing by ~im~elf.. If the owneT fishes himself, the sample c ;:)':"1 ·t: '::'. ::. 'n 'i:. ~':\.: :i. ]. 1. ~:;? t.. b D i:t t: !::. \1,1 h :i. c h h i:"1 V c·: .t; 0 bE' 0 pC' T ,:\ '1:: E' cl by 1.7 ·1)()nM"D\.I.lnE'T·~:;" And if h[~' doe!:;. nc..t, becl:,\u~::.t::· he \lJ,r,\nt to supeT·v:i.!:~C' all J1i5 property Qnd t"rade, th~t llllnlber IlIa/be as high as 792 boats (o"r 34%) ~q\.t01]}· opor~·tcd t~y nC,rl-C)Wnp·~s. Thi~ m80Y\~ !:Il~t (:)111/ b'~twe~ll '50--61% (Jf all lJ(Ja"ts i!:; C)W(~c·~··-·or)p·ra·tod~ arld betweon 39-,,50% non-owner opeTate(l~ nm{Jllg tl'10 owrl~~~ Gf ].~~ge l1Lllnber'~ (Jf b8~t'; ·tllcre al'e a few g'I'oup~~ wt1ich call themselves cO-'opeTatives, but most o'f them a"re jllst flc~(~t··mclll~~ers. Orl~ (JW11e'r ill Oagala (rIot sampJ,cd) has 13 boa'ts -fD':' ren't at lJuSh~' GOO pp"r day. The' cJ.I:\~:~~~,i-r:L(.:·,7I·t:i.cITI "no·j-j····ownc,d 'l in mD~}t C'l:"\c.:::~c::.~,;;. mf::'an~, t:h.7lt; t:hf\~ ot/Jnc:"j' is not preSG11"t ~nd/o'r llo11·'re'3i nnyhow~ 83% arc singlc-boat-'enterprises, but they use only &3% of ttle totaJ" j')llmIJe'r of boatsb Mltlti-'boa"t ope'ratic)ns only p1'esent ~TDblems for catch-assessme11t Wl'1011 catcl1Gs ~re combille(j by one of them, such as happens when fisl1 :is landed 'f01' the fresh fish t·rade. l.a"rge catches of tt)at ~~ind can derange the statistical calculations to the extent that it i~~ bet·te~ to cl:iscard them. "? 2 Q"ll~l_--rIETG_ Rehabilitation p~oject~~ spc)nso'red by World Ban~t (ADP) Commercial B;l1~~ CRFS), and FEC have been providing fishi11g gear to the f:i"'sh£'~'I'y of L<.:"\~~"c,: K)'Ogi;\. At !:~om(? !::.ti·\9£-:, it has b€-?'en cons-ide-Ted th~t the fish stocks of the Lake Kyoga complex could have been ove'r exploited even t)e'fore these aid-prog'rammes started and that topic 11as been f\jrther confus@(j by dis(~ussion5 about the role of the Nile pe~ch i11 tt~e c~onve~sion of t~le total biomassb Anyhow the distributioll of fishing gear was adjourned fo~ fear of a11Y 'fuTttle~ exhaus"tion of tt)e ~esou~ce~ The situation constitutes the main a~gunle11t for the existel1ce of t!1e ADP/FS stock assessmel1t P"I'oj ~2C't b Gillnets have been the major inpltts. They can be used fo·c ll passive o'r active gillrlettirlg (IItyc-oon ."- fi~;;hing) b Apa~t f"rom ttlC infc)'rmation neec!ecl fO'r tt)e design of a cns p'rog'ramm~, there was ampJ,e reaSOl1 t(J loo~l ~t typO!;, numlJers and Llse of gillnets arollnc' ttle L~ Kyoga complex. 7. ;.~.1.: tLl!ME.!.[;RS__-.9F _IillHrS _OPEfi.ATttIG GILL~IETS F~om the la11dillg site sunlma'ry it appears that about 82% of the fistling boat~ is engaged in gillnct 0F)e'rations: TOTAL No. Fishin~ Boats (,098 I)ecla"rec! gilln8tting P~-J24 10% of ·the u11identi.fisd 388 ·TOTAL. NOm Bc)ats Gil:lr1Dt·tirlQ :~3:l. 2 81% c)f tc)tal fishing. The ·:~nlp].o recO'rd i11clll(j(:'~3 197 <') 60~ of gillnetto'rsb -~. ~> -"--~ ~ ~ -'.,~- '-'-"-~'~---"'~'~""""-"",,""'"":"":'~ .... --- '- ...... "... .. ------...... - _. -- .- ! ~(n"v :i. s·c' a ~2 bD,;\ t:~:; I !~~ '( C! F! (~ !.nv.r:: !<, v,1 nl,1 :r n TOTAL. :":~ ?~ :~~ ~'<. N'f.) .. He) " ::,: I···ID" :x: 'j ~: 0 (J ~~ ". t ,. ~ ... l} ?{ , \ ..l,.\ ~~~ ,:~~.:; i:~/.t.,% :I. " :!. "? " "? :I. -? ~.:.~ ~.~.; 3~::.; c.~ "7 :I ( " ?:,: 8 .. 8:'<. '::) t : ,':'>0" 3::<' t f ~~ w t~ 'r" 0 1.1 .... - t- _ -_ .. , 'f'(~ j 1.1 ~:. t.: 52,,(~ 838 35,,1% 7:136 49.7% 13 bo,:"!'!'.:!:; 32El :I. 3" '7:,'(. r)r" -? " ~:j ,.~ I... \) ~5 (. 3~: '?"?B C " :1. u 21- 303 " the> ot.'Jn )- '::) .('} r, C:,~: 8~l{. n" 1- 1. " E..:.'<. C 1. ....:. ., 2!5!.5 :1. .. TOTnL. tOO% 1.00": :1. 00::<' nIl' 63% PD;'\":.: . ~;:. i;\ J'{l P ]. <-::' d :Ieee 30El :1. ':37 A r: 'j .• 1'1 c t ~::. / ssess:.m€.~r.. bo i:1 t,: 7.8 7.3 ns wh~n of ·that: tent tha *) ~ la~ge p~~t a~~ p~ob~bly nl.lmbe~s of half-nets (see 7.2.A) OOlOlPT'C i ':1 the ide'r-ed ve be(,:~n .:Inel t:ha ? 'r-ol~~ 0 Anyho\A,' of e\l'll' i tutE'E t,: 'i'5~;0l(':~ n '1:; )8 )e'r"5 iflnd Df th(·? ·:If::.hing. :t (:'~'r" ~?:." ._- :;..; ;~ . 19 }"2,,P !~.~~.~l1:!.::.:8:_iI_~::~.il l'lc~t:;:. v~:i.t.h mc~:.hc'~:;. Df IJ .. ~.;_;II <,\"nd bc·,"lcIW (f!E~ .. 7% of t:.c·,t.7,1 ~:.ampJ.ecl) ~tT'e fo"rl":"I,:\11;.; ou·I:;1 ..:\1,!JQd .. l'1o~:i.t of t:h(?m h:;\'1e mc·~;hEI:':. of /t.~5·' (·::~t·r'f~t:ch('2d) t:]"f' TC'ftIi:\:i.nc!C""c" h':"IVP niD!::."t;:!,y II" frlc·~::.h(.~!::.. HE·t:~:. \,I,lith r(le~.:.ht.,~';. ~::·m2\11eT· tha11 4" aTe OIl the J"Ar~(et, sometimes u!;ed for the (~Od--811(1 of SC';)"lCS, bu·t .~nly T~·r'0~.y U:-D~! f()"r ~il]ncttinu. !1ost sillall mestle(j nets arc 'Found in cIJDcent'rations: 74% ifl 11 ()ut of 102 landing sites, in most CAfi0S ~'rOllntl bays and inlets Wj.tl1 ~l,allow water. ~al1Y c'f SllCh p].aces are chara(~t2piz2(j b)' "riltt,e"r (~lea'r, sli~htly acid t~stinD wat~r and 'fielt!s o·f water lilies (Nymp!,e~) alld (jo 110t ~ppear the richest fishing grounds on 1. __ !Zyoga. Thp I))id,n fir.;.hing fed" Til'l;;"\pi,,, (Or(.lochromi_~ niloticus) is donp wi-t.:h ~511 ,J.nd E"II mE"~:;h nc?t:~; .. Th(-:! in"te'("nlediate 5.5 11 ne't.~; a,'f'e- now vi'rtuallyabsent. the survey fDun~only 2, here included with "l::hc'? fJ11 nets.. A lot of ~;hl-~ c<"tch(·~s .:"\·re m...'\de by means of activ1-;:" Ilt;ycDon ll f:i.~~hing, bf'~i\t,in9 the wate'l' i:\'r'ound th(-~ n(~t'S" Nets of 7 11 and abovE" i:\'f'r:: mc1inlY L1sed in thi."" fishing fo'r t'-lil~~ pt=~'("'ch; t:he ci:i.t.:ego'("y of )8 i:\'I'E' mo~,tly 8", some 10" c"\nd 12" ev€:.'n. These nets are also cO}1centrated (60% in 8 Qut of 102 5ite~), mainly nea~ deep wate'r, suet) as the mOllth of the Sezibwa river and, the narrow western pa'rt of L. Kyoga CZengebe to l_warnpanga) and more west where both lattes come togethe~ again in the ~ive'r "'!ilf?~ 7 .. 2.3 tlo.. Heh; per Boa t The )lumbe'rs of gillnets used by gillnetting fishermen a're presellted in the table on page 18. .~ ...... _.-- - .'-~~J'r_~ _~ _ ---_..---'".....- _. ;'."lO T .:.'\ L :. c:' ~: !>..! 1,.1, n, b ,.:~ T .:~; C~ f !:: :i. J. 1. y'l (":~ '1.',: ~::' p c 'C. b D ~7l. t: ( -: ..... 1. J. JYl C' .:::. h C' ~:~ CC lYj b :i. rl c, :~ ) :i. 'r: d :i. ·r 'f c· T [:, 'n t: i:t T f::' i:'~ ~:: c .~: L" V, }' D !];'~ ;."(. 'n d !..... V, IN ,,".-t. "n i .;';'\ I) :i. Y'[ C 1 u d :i. rof ~l ~~ i< ct T" E' u ',", d (.:~ T" 1 :i. n ,::' d c\ 1:.: co,,: .:.... ,..,d 'J 0 ~<: :chf-~d) :I. E;'f' '~"i ,~.::. ~:_.i 1"'! D t. + {" . .. 1/, ,';\ on i ;':=. L. .. V.}' C L; ::\ !... '. . '"" }' D i] ::, T C) Tn, .. v, }' D Di:: + !{ \1,1 ;:\ 'n :i. ':'. If P(~'~ 1:~(:)-;~t (W(~~:~) (~~~:~t) ~'.' ~( .(" ..,'rot' :~< i~ . ~ ' .:~~ ...... ,. ~~""CU!"f i"!U " ····r: '···Io " .. C' .. C- HD" .., 1.1 '.:) () 1. 0 '_' '::' 1 .. I .•. (. .. C. 16 E~ t: ~:. " o"n i.:.~ r.:~ ~.:,; -, ~ \) ':':)7 /} \.) !:~ :I .. .. :I " I r.' :t .. 5 C .. by ':1 ,::" ~:) ~ ~:) ';) ';) -::>I... {\ ;.:.~ ':} 11 IE'; ....' 1- ::! .. ,., " '7 1 3 I ••• .. l:\ 331 I••• \ ••" II \ ••' eT '::- n r~ t: I.' I.' '~-} t.: '1 I •.• ".'\.,' ::?/) .. ... ".'\..' C'"'" \ ..' '/' :!. 0., :1,77 32 .. 3 nd ~::. " " ~3 {I I::' l} ~S ~1 32 3 " -•• J :I. CE.. . H :I. C. :I. :t03 37 .. 3 ., { ')~:? r::' C. t'of. ..:' :I. ,. -"l i') ~••r (:~B8 ',It:. .. 0 Lj f .. f:. t,:,.O .. f, ..., " , E.. eJ ,...... ':1 :I. {I a 1 .. /1 /1 (J ~,':!O .. "l:.. CA C3 .. 3 e wi. t; "11::' r) n "1 ~) rJ ':> a 3El I \.J. c.. AO \ ..' , . 0 :I :I. I... 6f.> • 3 1'30 I , ..... c.. ,::. ':J ••••1 7 E.. .. r. 19 El') .. f, 5't 67. ':} 77 .. :1. ith ~, () ':1 ./) 9~.) ~:.; ~~ 0 ?1. \ ..'\..' .. AO .. ? :1 fV) .. A 220 fl8.1 ive r t 1. r:.· !:~ ~.:5 .. 3 l) 'J~5 .. "7 I) B4 · B 1 /1 BEl.B ") "\ l c.. 1 I tH~ · ·7 :! I I;) -;J to c.: 39 He 9 E.I '31 .. :-:'> /} · 1::- (1':) r::o 1 J 2 ,g 'J .. J 'J7 .. B C W3 .. .J 1i.~ :;. f••• " ...J e ~ ':) :1. A t:. ';;) I .... I.•. '::l El .. 1 f .. '30. 1. 1 L) '33.2 Vf:;n. " :1. ~:; ') ':0) II () (; / II .. .!I " 'Jl:\ .. '3 'J 'J 1. 'J 2 } '3 ) , ~) · :1. C I ':IL, 4 .... ':3'3. f.> 3 '3 :I .. A E, 9A.7 Ve'f' · 1 "7 7 92 l '7 (:J~5" 0 11 g c\ ) · 1 B 1 ':'~7 .. i I 9g .. 3 ~.; 92 f. 7 i Vf.~'f' · ') '..,( 1 t :I. 92 " r~o I) ':) ':l~ ~:j II 'JF.. · P ,:"-;19 .. I,.. I 9 • 2 32 '37. :I ~:) I} I•.. 1. l l 00:'\: :3 9:5 ·5 ')7" 3 E~2 ,(~ g£:, · A 8 97.7 ~~ :1 :I. :I. P{~ :I. 9f:.... 'J 3 gr. · 7 A 97.g ;~7? ~:.; A ')tl .. 1 "7 ')"7 · I) 11 ':~8 .. :~,; ~~ E· t\ 97· B 9fL 7 c~7.. 3 3 ~:l :::.~ !:~ 1 9t~ I.•• 1 g8,,':) • " i?,:,) 30 ~ 9q"A 10 99.3 1"'" 99.6 32 1 ')9.4 1 99.C ;i~:2.:::~:'i,~::~.._..,....,.._".._"...... ".2:..,__ "':L.g_Q;~ .._.._",,,.._,..__.._,_.._,,,,,,_,,,..,,..__, ,~~,,....,J..Q..Q1~_, __, ,:Z_..,__._""..__J:,J) () % _,_ TDTn!... 3:1.9 ,. :::.~ 1 T112"t t01Jle p~~sel,t~ th(~ 11Llll1bcr of lJoats using allY n~Arnber af llets fTD!Y' :L 'Lo 11~.; nc-~t'·. r'p"{' bc,:~*:·" Thf:~ rE'l£ttivc impo·r·t;t:\nc(,~ of gil1nE·"t: f'; .... ~: nl~ is ,·:~l·::-:-(J. c·XPT~·~l·::.::;c;,d in PI:Z'T'C(:rntagf:"~ 0-( t:.hc::.' cUBlul ..':\ti\,'{? Y·,\~lr;t::_~::,·;'"." The t:,:\h1.c PT(·:!'::-cnt~:: ·~··c'rl~,·:\·r~~.i:\blc: diffc'T'enct:' in the' ;)T·Dpe·{'t~l' r:,'" '-'~c:'!~':~ (,:,11 mc:":~h··-~~:\.:".:'~:~ cn:nbin(:,c!) :~.n the! d:i.fff:?!'rc"ni:; pa"l't:-::; of t;ht':' "! d!~.C~:;" () cl:: ~::.t::).nc·~·"i.P·:··t .i !::. m'::tdc' bf::,'t,:wl2e::·n L. .. Kw ..,\ni':·l~ L" ~~)'D~IC\ (wc:'!:;.·t;) I.':::.t:h l ..:<.ndinl] ~:;i.t:(-::,':·. :i."il LL(~'J"~:'('O <:\nd 11ukonD di~:;tTict~:;'J ,:\nd t., Y,YDL~";\ (C~~I::·t) incluc!:iY)D l~nc!inus on t~)<~ SOl\'ttlc·rn sho'rc ()·f l_i'ra c!:i~'t'ri~t~ ,,\1 J:·,n(~iI1!~':' :i.n V·.7t.muli di~~t·r:i.c'l"; c.nd -:1 vc"r/ ~::..m,","\ll ~:.,1mple frDm :~~n(:!'inc~~ i11 Soroti (lic·~'ric~t. '.;0 ., ;:.~" \ IL:c ]. '~.L0..1j. ..Q..r·!...._f;:..f_!:L0..1._L::.n c·:;- t .:~" ~ ~,~blE~ () SL\9!]csts tl'lat 60~ /)f th~ fisherlncn in Lu Kyoga (we!;t) I.lt:e 3,·,4 nots o'r less. In L... Kwania 60% use ~bout 6 nets or less '~ild ill !_w Kyoga «(~~st) tllat level is rea(~lle(j at about 18 llets o'r 18C!:. In ·those 'ros~)ect~vp areas the level of 90~ it:' reacherl at 9 n(~t:~:~ 'in !.. u I{Y0!J,:l (lIJ(,;:o~-;t:), 13 nets. in L .. Kw<:"\ni<.':\ and 14 net,:;. in 1..." V.>'C)~I~·:\ (*:~(;\~;t)" • That ()b!:~D'rvation shou],d be combined with the establishment of the prQd()lllj.nall(~e of evell nllmbers of nets pe'r boat in most of the s~mple~. The ove'r~ll ratio even/llneven nLlmbers is 2:1; when 2xclu{jillG 1.. _ KY09~ (west) that "ratio bec()Ines even 3.2:1. The Teasons fo·r this ~)t)enomenon were ~{nown to exist, t)llt onG of ·tlle teams adapt8(j tIle qllestioning tlalf-way the sllrvey. There Te~ains a deg~ep of Llnrertainty ()n this subject. ~~st l'lets mea!~ure 1.00 yards long by about 27 meshes deep. At a11 11 ,:\ve·I'<:\~lf~ tl ..:\n~l:i.ng Te,tiD, nc::·ts wi'th 5 ..'\ncl &11 mesh would be stc\nding a!)ou·t 2n5 to 3 nleters high in the water. But more often than not the wa·tp·r is flot GO deep. MO'reover~ the t)cst fishing is done noa'~ tIle bottoln of the lakes. Therefore fishermen cut their f)ets in t:wo" COnSe(~LlOf)t].y it has to be assumed tt\at tt)e majority of the nets i.ll L. Kwania Afld i11 L. IZyoga (east) Ilave actually been numbers of !'\alf-'·ne·ts" "hat assumption confo"rms also a lot better to the economic ~eality, and, a~ all afterthought, bundles of nets lying in b02tS a~oLlnl:1 Li'r~ ~nd KamLlli were not twice as voluminous a~~ those in l.• ~yogA (west). !11 fact the pove'rty of the fishery in L.. Kwani0 antl a]of)Y ttle ~hcl're of Kamuli WAS obse'rved by the su~vey st~ff a1ld C()Jllmented ~fte'r the daily exo'rcise. The p·~incif)al cc)nclll~~ion is ·tt)~t at)out 95% of all fishe~men LtSe 110 mD~'e t11~11 10 110tS arld ~b(Jl.\t 60% only 4 llets or les5~ Some ""ca'r'rang~mer~t [)·f G0mple d;;,tA t12!1 to be dono in oTr!or to al'·rive ~t 'rc!nlistic ~~Juro~ for the lllllll!:~C'" of gillnots ope'rating around the ·1 "'l~,c'~,:.~ ::... e::-:'" Tc'<:,l:i-~;;.t.::i.c· f:i.~IV.'I':::'!.::" i,\bc,t:·C the i:\ct,\.\~'(J. needs. - ... ,r_.. '~ ....._,,_.- ,_r-'"_ --y"-----,·."~'~~.:/5~~5,.;" -':~:;~' -::) ~') 1••• 1•• , feT' ~ -: l:H:~ ~f ~ll11lle Iti'l~,' th£'! PT'OPf.·~· It,::. 0 f t;h ":" D .!:: i:'~ :! (""I 'f .~..... :". ;';'; :~. ~_ :i. 'I'j :;. d ,':\ t.: ::; '.' :.~ ~:'. ~::.I. t :YJ ::, 'r; U ·t~ h ,';\ 'f:.: )"1 f:' '~:.: ~::. 1... '{ }' c' ::! i', ~:. ~·r. 'A~ ~"I ~:.:. ~::. ~.'~~ ~:) ~::. ! ((:;d~::t:) 10 ;1 ' 'J !:J'J ...\ t.: i) 0 :::)'f Y'j t.: i n ~... ., V,/Olj<;\ ,L .. l >~ ~). I~ v c:: !j :::.:. ";"', ::. -t... ) [j'}'":)r>. 1+67l ~< !'!.! ~':'" '(~ ::. ;'l i?-"I:l.O :1.32(, o g ,,\ (ll,I(0 !:;' :I. ;:>~.:;7 ~:.;'":J97 wholE- ·nc,t:!·:. ~ ~:.J ts 0'(' 1 f:'_ t. ... r 1/, ....,C El .;'.\ ( ::".:, -:::. '1'" ) 7:l.7 3 /t'lC 18 net:!:; £:.'ClchE:d .\ ~) r:~H Dr:. f.-) TDTnl... " " 33 ." I.•. :L 589A IIJho 1 ·opt:!::. ment: of t of th~: ; whf:.'n This moans th~t thero should be dbout :1.5000 wholp bundles of 1. gillnot u~ed ill tho fi~heT'/? o~ which about 13 .. 800 on L. Kyoga lit 01')(·; D·f Bn thE: nE,t:s num be"(,!:i- • 1"'10 :::- t D f '1:.: h <:: ~:, he:' 'r' c' ], :i.....: ~:; :i. !::. coveT' C' cl by cI c' n !i:. P v l': ~I c·:·t; i,,;t: :i. 0 n ,:~ ""l d t h .,1 t: p y. ~:.! '/ (,:.:. n t ~.:. t: h c' u -:.:. Co (:) f b c <:\ C !": ~::. *,' inc' ~':. :i. n :':'1 ".\ n y p I .:t C (: ~::. • 1'10':;' '1.:; ~;; (-';.' :i. n ~:' ~:; i:\ r (.? 3mic t:h U','" ('" ,(: D'I"":' t:l.,\ :::.!'..... '::·e :i. r·iC'!:'· 'J 0'1" bF:' d ch ~::. c· i ·ne!:;· t.'. r:£·:cl c:, .::. ~::·u ch in t;h ~::. 0 pe'o lin bo.,\"l; thc)sf.·:· in 11.... KIIJc\l1 Tho landing site st.'.mm~~}' rcports -"139 seines; the actual numbc'r ~)' ~:;t:~\ f of b 1:' in!} ::: T' () b <.\ b :\. >' d T' c:: I,.'. ',", d /) '7 () ( ~.:. c' c' p ,:t ·f'. G. r>.) .. The ~;:. ,:1 !'Ii p ], C' 'r (.: c c) T' d comp1'iscs 251 seines of which only 8 have bpcn T'cported as ~.) ...:-:' :.\ C' L .... ::. (~, :i. r·i C:' .::" ,:\ r·: d :n .,). ·;'1 >"" :"::: ft.:h c· () t: h (-:~I .(.. ~~. d f.~ C ], ~J. "(.. c· d of 0 'r- In i )( c' c! u ~:. (.:.:, .. ~'f'mt:'n l.\ !:;·E? 8DJll""; ·r!·; c· c~ l\ c·;· ~::. '!:., i n '(; ~.:~ !:"l C! '.,1, t: t: !..; E' rn C' ~::. h .. !::. i z c· COl f t:h F' CD d···· c·:,·n d lJ\t D; !::. to."\. rt~:· tJ.J C· ·f·· c d f D'r' ) ii\'('T·:iV£: 1 "7 C, ~) 1..:. t: (.) f ? (., t ~:; \.J. lYi i:) 1. c· c! .. ':. (.::. :i..(~. c· .:.;. ( (, "7 ~:<) '. T h c::' .,.. (~ ::; u 1. t7. ~3- ,~\ T !::.:. !~ i '"...' c· n i r~ ,.7I'('DU!'lei '1:; '\':hc, 't'.:i;".hlc' !··'·:~D'':'.':.; :':'Il.'<::h .... ~::.::.:iC' :','nd t!"Je ·fT't;ql.lC·:":cy e,f U~:·E::: -,", -. . -<...._....,...".. ,".-.,-;.,: ~l'« .;.'~ ~~ 3 11 ~:) II ;:~,~ 11 1 1. J". 3 /t 3 -'til 50 ~:i :~ ~.:; " ~ ~.=.; :L II 8 .. JI C•...... :3" :.i II 12 1\ .. 11 11 '_._._~ R_~~._~~'::':"R ~ .~.~ ~3l7.:':-_ ~ .3~) __ __ .. _.. __.._._.._R _ __.2.2.!::....__..__ __.. __ ..__._ __ .__.__ ._.__ it_ _. ft _ Cnd····c'nd r:-:c:~::hf.-:~:;' ;::TC ~ .. r;":<:·~Jl'l .:tI]. of :ill(~\~ilJ.l !::.:i.:ze .. Th·r·ollfj!·)(.)Ut: the' ':;.UT'It:~>-'; c;J.~:~l.\ ..:tl ·::\t·I.:.(·~n·tiDn \lJ,:t~:; !~:L'/C"·:-l to th~? c<:t·tchri'~::·.. FD':~ ;".1]. ~f)~~0a'I'~nce~, ~Dinc~: ;)a·rti~I.~:t~·rly catch laTg~ numb0r~ o'f ve·!'y' ~~.;·i:;;\ll l-fi.l(·:;:. rl(0'{~ch (15 .... 30 em TL), but; not: th.:\1; IH'-l.ny Til<:\pioo:\ o·,r. sma].l siz~. T~lel catch o'f COU~~E l~'rgor specimRn~~ of both !:;!JQ(~ic~J ~.~ ~e].l~ othc'rwise tho seine-fishery would be uSQ].ess. Seil'lOS a·re :lllcgal fishing gea~.. Tt,ei'r numbers a're very llnevenly sp'read Qvc'r the l~I·~c~= About ~3X of all seines (in C()nC611tl'0ti()ns of 10 s~illes O'r moro) on l.aJ~e Kyoga B're found 'ill 11 ol\'l ~f ill la)1dillg sit2S. ATOltn~ l_ake Kwallia 56% of the seines i~~ 'found in only 3 1~ndin9s at.lt of 38 sampled. Tll0 situation Tefle(~·ts the lacl{ of control, hllt it is obvio\JS as ·well ·ttlat MnIF pe·rsonnel have ·~o face pe·rsonal ris~~s in thei·r ~J)plicatio)1 of the law. ns long as fisherm~), are not beillg ~)1'ovided wit~) viable ~lternative~l, tt,e resul~s of confiscation would l10t be wortlly of the 'ris~~s take)l. 7'. A t!POISiLflND TF:Qr'S The landing site t~UmMB~Y inclLldes 186 fist,e·rmen usin~ hoo~~s and 118 t\Sil19 basket traps, altogether 8.3% of the total ntlmber of fishi119 bc)ats (sE~e ~lso tnble LInder p~r. 6.2). The sample record illCllJdes a re].ativ~ly low )l\Jmbe·r of these fisllermen, which call be ext~apDlat~d towa·rds tt}e total as fol].()ws: E' A ~I P LE. H () ().!.S.fL_.__._..__.. _ Tf<0pS LRKE KY()GA 57 boats AelL hoc)\·{!:!. 35 bDatc::;. 704 t'f'aps L. KWRNIR 21 boats ~.?2BO hooks 3 boats 62 t'raps ------_._--_ ..._.._._....._._.__._..._-_._._---_.__.---. SRI1D LE SUM .. 78 b(),~1::~ 709EJ h {JOk"!1 38 boa.t£., 766 t'ri:\p~;;, TOTrH. (F~nI~I. ) 18E. bo,;\'\:;!;;. ±,1 f..920 h [)Dk !:~ .1813 bOi"lt;s :t.2380 tTi;\ p~:;. C(]\)EFRGE ,,2::<': 32~\(, ._-_._-_._._._-_._..._._._._----_._------_ .._------._.._------_._-_. Tl'lC la~ge·~t p~~t o·f l'lOO~{" alld trapfisl1ing is d(Jf18 by ,neans of dU!;iDl1"\"; c·i"tnc __•. _ .. __ .~ • .,.._.~' .liiiae ...... ~.. .. .- .~. ,;•..~-.,.--.-.. ~ -~,-_:~~.7:.'''T,~'.. - --.-- ':~\'''' d", ,~, ... > • '''''t:. i·--·...·············· r) 'ft~W ·t·r~~~)s we'(~e ~;~~n (:!\.\T,i111;; ·tl')c ~~lt·(~V{~>'~ 'r~';e)' wo'ro a:t:t !'~nlal1, ;J·rQ!)~b].y 'fj.~;1·)i)1!;: f(:~-r l:)~:j.t.. J1~)')Y ·t·~~J·)fi~3~)8·('mel·1 (:~(J~.l].(j ll()'t (je(~la1'c '!:.: h c' i ":" 'n \.t ni b C' T' !::... ~-- ....._.._..._. t ~..t c.- ~::. t: .j: :~. ::', t·; C' ':" :':"j C:' ';"j k 'j";/t.".' ':.1 t:. h c· ":.: Y ;:.t c-: ·;',l •.•.: .::~ 'n U :';'1 LI c' ':" ("..1 of t ~'; L' :L or he D! ;'. ~:., ') :':. D rn C't: i :rr r:, !::. ~::. r'; } t-: !"J c· t.: Ct t.: .;:t. 1. ":'; t~ ;';'1 b ~.::' 'i" C of ,';'l ,'.):i. x t: u '(y-: " :-hE' of c ], lOlA! i r'; !] t.: ~~.~ b ]. c:· P 'j"- (.:~ ~::. c:' :': t: ':::. ~:: ~.::. :~. :\~ ~:;. ~~., r~ ~:.: ,';'~ ~::. ~:: ... ','.1"(: l::, C Of" h}, t:}' p 'J If' t·, UTe ':'" t:. d.. !::. l":H.t C !"J ,;\ !::. p D i b 1 c' 0. .., F t~'i E' HOOKTYPE VYOGA L. ~WANIA TOTAL !; ...... __, t:L~;;~.:: ~~~, __ t:r.~;.:~ ..': __ _ __ ~~:._ .._..__._.. _.J::Lf;~-':_ _.~~. n-y ., (,1': c':: .1. ~ ,t..- :3 ~:5 ~::.; ~3 ~::; ~::.; "'! C ,l + (..:.. ti} !.:S () /t 0,. 20 1. t:J 1 ;:.?'? • c·:' .:::. ':: ,. ~1(:)u7 2,.. 5~: ~9 485 2j. 284() 40 No.8 312 6 1155 51 1~67 21 Inevc·:'·o J. !'!C)u9·f·10 402 8 180 8 582 8 ~lt.!:LCJ_L m:L~~t.~l~::...... __.._. ._...L9...~~_.._.. _._.~.}_. __. ._. ._...... _.__._l~~.fL 1__ I.~).I.m"._ __ _._._ _._ __ _ .1.Q.U::...... __..L9g __ _.-ilg 8iL._._-l..9-9_. Z9 ~§.. 190 Hooks ~"f'e used for the capture of Protopterus especially by d t\ ~I DU t:~':. 'J of DT' t,! :i. :I. c r' C:'T' C ~'; b)' Co t: h c',,' b 0 i:1 t: !::. i:1 ~:. 1/,1 c' JJ• 1"1':1 j OT" h 0 ()I~. t:)/ p c·:' ~:. o L\ S (':'\ ~:) ,:\ 'f' (? t·! Co."7 :i. n 1..." !< / D !] <:< ...,\ n d No.. .r:~ :i. ',", L.. K\'J c\ n :i. <:\ " (~:i. T' ,., ~ t:i.on 8. Rcsponses on the qu~stion conceT"ning the principal products(s) h~V2 b~en obtained from 106 landing sites, 75 on L. K;oga and 31 ()'n !... u ~~ \',1 <7\ n :i. i'l ( CH jI: 0 f t:() t: <71 ]. n u :"11 b 1:.: T" D of ]. c\ n din 9 s.) u T h (-~, pT' i 'n c :i. p i,\ ]. !:. and products ar~ fT"esh, smoked, d"f'ied and salted fish. Some attempts ·r of weT"e made to express the quantiti~s in percentages of the total, "f'(~C 0 .(' but.: thi~:; could 'not: be done c:on<;;:i~:;-!.::~:~ntl;. Bn ':;om~? la'nclin~~~:; can b p'r' 0<:1 \.!. c t: ~::. h i:\ ,/c· b c'f:':'n D ::. '/ I:'~TI ,,'; ·r· i·\ nk 1""IU m b(·~T·.. I n In cl ny C i:\ !::. (.~ ~;. t.:h e·r(.;~ :i. !;;. only an indication about the principal product. Therefo"f'c the t:i.\blp bf:·:·loVJ PTC'f.:.cn"t.:!:; -f:.:hc·, nUIY,beT of l;;\ncl:i.n~I!'; in t:he v<7Iriou!::.. di'::.t·;··::.C·1.7 v,lith :, fi!j1..\·f'c, fOT the:i.T· pT'incip<711 p·roc!uc-!.::, ·071 (x) felT ~'; u b <::. i c! ::. "\ T )' P T" 0 duet:.. d 'n c! ( .... ) f D T' i:, b !::. c n c (~ c:r ·f i."l 1""1 Y p'r' 0 d II C t.: • - __..__ __._.. ~_.._ - _ __ _-_..__ .._._.._--_.__._._-_ __ __._.--._--_._--_ _-_.._--_.-..,;--_.._--._-_.__.._ _. I?.l.S.:r.B.ILL._. __.__ _.__._ _.._ _.JJ~L;~lL !:It! 0 V:: EI) l!I:;.IE 1) 53 nLIS: 1) .LI! T OJ.:: ._ _ t.,.·<:\ p ~::. -J .l~ t'r'i:\ p!;; 1... UI.,JE F;:O /1'1 UV, () 1,10 ~:>~ f.. ' ..' 1 28 ) ,::- v,n 1'1 !..'!... I ':) (, ( x ) ( ..- 1. ,•.1 '-' ..., !... I r::n (f:)OUTH) ;".: :I. :!. I 1 :~l ( .... ) t"f'i:\ P!:; EOF:DT r B :3 ( '" ) :I. :f. tT,"" P!::' ~., 1~ ~.:s 1",\'0(3(.'1 ::~l} 1.- \.} Torn!.. !... " :1.0 1- -;',7:; T~)TnL. !... ., lI, kl P "'! :r n :!. n :I. ;:.~ .: x ) :I. ?:1. of DD!':', !::") he (;L!:::.D.t::!.P..__TP.IDL __._ f~J.Z __.__ ~L~:~ _._ __....};..9 _..__.._ _:tL ._. .J·..5~.L. __._._ _.._ 25 A lot of fIsh is sold fresh, many places howeve~ consumed l()(~al].y, pa·f~t:~t:·t.~la·r].y ~·rD\.t~1C! l.,n ~wa~ia and in So~oti distriot. SLl~1(1'(~:~_0(1 'fi~~!') t·r2l·lSp()·r·t~ o)ay l(J(J~~ imp'(~e~~~ivc t(J tJ"12 (~~~~ua]. t~y:~ta~'~{J~~'r~ ~t.t·t ~t :ls t~12 l(~~~~·t :inl~)C)'pt~nt f)'~odLlct ~·t ~)'~esent~ D·i~i8(~--·~::·al·t~~{~ fi~~h, m(J~3t 1)1~CI)a1~C{j ~.~1 we~·tf?·~~1 Kyoga (jj.strict':1 has c':'l !::~ c,t: t. {~.:, T' ffs ,:"t or- ~~. c t i. ";": Z tl :i T' c·:' .. S :i ~r; p ], c· d T' :i. c:' d ·f i !:;. h :i. ~;. t:·,.. ii, 1-, !:. pc: 'f' t: [~d 1.: c:r !~~11Y0 th~o~.tg!·1 BllSj.~ L~~Llal~.y" f:; l"i"r C) k. G' c1 of ::. ~:. ~": :~. ~::. p ';'" c· p co:. 'C' c:· c! i TI D:.:1. !"(; ()~. t; c~ l]. p 1 ~'t c· E' ~:;. ~ 1 tt "r' ~I Cr 1 )' of D T" t:h £/ ]"~:~(~2]" 1~~~'rl'~Qt i)lC].~0~(~i1·1U the l')Oo~t!'1~'rll P"f~(Jvir)ce~; o·p Ugallda. f~~"\l)st0rlti~] 't"r-ar~r~~~c)"~"t£; of 'f'~~~~:~h fi~~t~ DC~ to Kam~)al~ a11d V~~iOlt~·~ c1:i~;tr~.c-l (~~iJ~.t~l~: f~onl ~oL\th2'r~'~ KYiJg~ ]"~ll~iil1gS Wi't!1 good 'ro~~ c !:::'n Y'; c:· ::::. t:~ c.~ n r· .. The2 qll.(~·!::.t;:iDn!::. <:\bCil..'.t E.rnokin~l ,,\nd ·the rll\mbc:'f' of ~:.mc)king O'.lE::·n~:· hi:"l',,'C' be2D an~we~ed in fou~ diffe~ent ways: '( ~?: ~~ ') j-; t 1• mbE:"f' C) ·f c:: ,,/ ~.~ l-l ~:. L\ 'n I~. Y'; C ""t'n 33 Itlnding~; No ~.llloki n!; 31 l"l"l"ldings -, 1 lJnl!. l'"'C){.t.'"n.J. mc::~:'" t.: tot'n \/ i ~:;.:i. l: c· d ]. ~'t on din El f':· . ,-1,.. Itlnding!::. Yes, nUMbe~ of ovens given (total J.andin£~:; ComrnD~clal smoJting goes on in 7S% of the villages (total minus unknown). The~efo~e smoking is done in about 11G out of 159 !::.itc~~:.• This. let\d~:> t:n the conclL\c:::.ic.n t;hat; th(~"(,E' s.hQ,l\ld be: 116/64 x 667 o~ about 1200 smoking ovens a~ound L. ,Kyoga and L. Kwania, i.c. 1200 ovens on about 4045 boat operato~s. This leads to a rough estimate of about 30% smoked fish. The survey did not include home-smo~ting units which can be found almost anywhere • • Gea~ supply has been ~cpo~ted from 6 landing sites. on l. Kyoga, none on L. Kwania. Outside those landing sites fishermen find fi ;;;.h:i. n!J ~Ie.:\·r· c:,n m<~\T"!'.c:·t: d ,~;}'~:... The sample reoo~d inoluded a question on subsidia~y aotivities.. T!1'is (::ue~3tio11 h~~~ !Jee1') a11~~W{~'~2d j.)1 ~out!'2'r11 1_0 Kyoga J.andings mainly. On a ~c~al of 705 Tc~pcndcnts, the~e a~e 435 farme~s. t 73 of i. ~;.h t'r·,:'\d t! -r'<::. 'J t 7 of.i. ,:.h pT DC e~"··:::D 'f"'~~> ,'I nd 5 P(·~'(',;.;on~;i. en 9 <:"\ 9 (~'d in I °fi~;~!'1 t·,~ar~SrC)·{~tn The '~om~:ir)ir~g 75 f)';~1~~~Dl'lS, nlC)st of ttlenl, )1(}110'-fi~!,i~'lJ {)l~lleT~:· TCl~~)rt a tct~], ()f 22 <1iffsTe11t pl~ofeG~io)1~5~ ~o~ ';-;~; z.~ ~::. ~o c,~:: ~;: F~ .~.:.: ~!:" c~ f~ :L ':"1 ::::. J. d :i. /} h D p! peT ;:\ )": d :!. f, ',2. :i. t: (...\ O:"l C' e en Ll °fJ Co i 1 m nl b E· or- It J.• 26 !_'! c~ -t\-.: ~;;. t: i;"i, €.;. ~';'\ ~,:J ~.{.}' !:". r', b}' of ]. 0 i.'~ ~.. :~ '(; f} :1 ~~;. :1. i;\ n d ~::. 10 H ' net·::. c.,',llc-d "':-., ..:\li'ri1.,:'\".