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PADDLING AS PLACE: Arts-Informed Inquiry Into Experiential Learning of Place and Ecological Identity

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PADDLING AS PLACE: Arts-Informed Inquiry Into Experiential Learning of Place and Ecological Identity PADDLING AS PLACE: Arts-Informed Inquiry Into Experiential Learning of Place and Ecological Identity by Erika J.M. Bailey A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Graduate Department of Adult Education University of Toronto © 2010 by Erika J.M. Bailey i Abstract PADDLING AS PLACE: Arts-Informed Inquiry into Experiential Learning of Place and Ecological Identity Master of Arts, 2010. Erika J.M. Bailey. Department of Adult Education, University of Toronto I explore how recreational canoeists develop sense of place developed and ecological identity through experience. The intersection between artefact and narrative is the entry-point of exploration of understandings of how recreational canoeists learn through experiences. There are three structural elements. A factional narrative arc of a canoe trip frames the work. Fragments of collective narratives: weave into this story and add richness and depth of experience. Participants’ interwoven narratives form the second element of this work. Finally, footnotes underpin this text to explain and support the research. They emerge to reflect the complexity of telling, and understanding, experience. This is a story of stories. This is a story of a trip that never happened. It holds real participants’ narratives based in lived experiences that shape this story. Narratives emerge between artefact and experience, between experience and ecological identity, between ecological identity and place, and between place and story. ii Table of Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iii List of Images ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. iv Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1: Trip Planning and Tributaries ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Tobacco Offering ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Chapter 3: Height of Land ~ Erika ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 4: Sulphur Lake ~ Khal .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Chapter 5: Upper Green Lake ~ Stacey ................................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 6: Kettle Lake ~ George ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 57 Chapter 7: Grey Owl’s Cabin ~ Geoff ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 69 Chapter 8: Hellgate Rapids ~ Candice ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 82 Chapter 9: Sandhill Cranes ~ Reflections .................................................................................................................................................................................. 95 Chapter 10: Estuaries and Trip Planning ................................................................................................................................................................................. 103 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 111 Appendix A: Topographical Map of the Mississaugi River ............................................................................................................................................... 119 iii List of Images Images used with permission unless otherwise marked. John Tamblyn is a friend and fellow paddler who kindly shared his images for the purposes of this thesis. Bill Bailey is my dad and our family finds him behind the camera more often than in front of it. 1 Paddling as Place. Erika Bailey, 2009. Personal Collection. 2 When One Comes to Listen. Bill Bailey, 2006. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 3 Truth A bout Stories. John Tamblyn, 2006. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 4 The Voyageurs in Quetico Park. Photographer unknown, 1953. All About Canoes. 5 French River Delta. Bill Bailey, 1975. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 6 Rosalind and Wanigan. Bill Bailey, 1972. Personal Collection. 7 Setting Out. Bill Bailey, 1983. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 8 My Paddle. Erika Bailey, 2009. Personal Collection. 9 Tania’s Stick. Erika Bailey, 2009. Personal Collection. 10 Life is Good. Khaleed, 2005. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 11 Facing West. Khaleed, 2007. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 12 Throw Rope. Erika Bailey, 2009. Personal Collection. 13 Camp Etching. Stacey, date unknown. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 14 Good Morning. John Tamblyn, 2005. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 15 Lake Crossing. John Tamblyn, 2005. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 16 Mississaugi Sunset. John Tamblyn, 2005. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 17 Down River. John Tamblyn, 2005. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 18 Rain on the River. John Tamblyn, 2006. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 19 Stadium Seating. John Tamblyn, 2005. Personal Collection. Used with permission. 20 Pebble. Erika Bailey, 2009. Personal Collection. iv Glossary of Terms Bow Front of the canoe. The person who sits in this seat is the ‘bow paddler’ or the ‘bow’. Class One, Class Rapids occur when water travels down-hill and over boulders, ledges and other obstacles. The wave formations Two, etc. Rapids indicate where the obstacles lie. The basic formations are ‘V’s and ‘U’s. ‘V’ shows where the water squeezes between two boulders. ‘U’ occurs when water runs over a boulder. “Rapids are classified as Class 1 if the downstream Vs are not too numerous and are easy to follow. The difficulty rating goes as high as 6. Class 3 is the upper limit for the open canoe,” (Mason, 1988, p. 163). Draw A paddle stroke where the canoeist reaches out sideways, canoe blade parallel to the boat and pulls the paddle through the water to the side of the canoe. This makes the canoe travel sideways and is used when running rapids. GORP “Good Old Raisins and Peanuts.” A fortifying snack often eaten on canoe trips. I always include chunks of chocolate and a varied mix of nuts and dried fruits. Also known as trail mix. Grumman canoe A canoe originally made by the Grumman Company. “Standard thickness [aluminum] canoes are very tough and rigid. Absolutely no maintenance required.... Will dent but can be pounded. They stick on rocks and this can get you into trouble when running rapids,” (Mason, 1988, p. 142). Gunwale The edge or lip of the canoe where traditional cedar-strip canoes brace the interior supports. Provides strength and stability to the hull. Hull The body of a vessel, here, a canoe, excluding other parts (Encarta Dictionary: English (North America), August 7, 2009) K Kilometres Kevlar A strong fibrous material used in some canoe construction. v Line To the bow and stern lines (ropes) to walk the canoe along the river’s edge and lead the canoe upstream and/or past challenging rapids. Naptha White gasoline, a fuel that burns very efficiently. North Canoe “Large bark canoes paddled by voyageurs and used for distance transport” (Canadian Canoe Museum: http://www.canoemuseum.ca, August 7, 2009) Otter Tail Paddle Paddles are crafted into differently shaped blades. Canoeists select paddles based on personal preference and the type of canoe travel (river versus lake). Mine has a long and thin blade and looks like an otter’s tail. I use it deep-water canoeing. PFD The Personal Floatation Device, or life preserver, fits around the torso and is mandatory boating safety equipment. Portage Portage is French for ‘carry’, a place where canoeists carry their canoes and gear across land. “Anyone
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