BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION FOR SENSITIVE FOR THE BIG CHIEF TRAIL CONSTRUCTION

TRUCKEE RANGER DISTRICT

December 7, 2017

Prepared by: ___/s/ Susan C. Urie______Susan C. Urie East Zone Botanist

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Page 1 Biological Evaluation Table 1-Summary of Determinations to sensitive species compares the Proposed Action (Alternative 1) to the No Action (Alternative 2). SPECIES AND OR DETECTIONS NEAR Impacts of Action Alternative PROJECT to sensitive plants

Federally Listed layneae No habitat is present on the east side of the No Effect. Tahoe NF. Ivesia webberi No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Forest Service Sensitive Plants Astragalus lemmonii No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Astragalus pulsiferae var. No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. coronensis Astragalus webberi No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Boechera rigidissima var. No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. demota Botrychium ascendens No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Botrychium crenulatum No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Botrychium lunaria No habitat is present in project area. No Effect.

Botrychium minganense No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Botrychium montanum No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Cypripedium fasciculatum No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Cypripedium montanum No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Erigeron miser No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Eriogonum umbellatum var. No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. torreyanum Fritillaria eastwoodiae No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Ivesia aperta var. aperta No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Ivesia aperta var. canina No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Ivesia sericoleuca No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Juncus luciensis No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Lewisia cantelovii No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Lewisia kelloggii spp. No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. hutchisonii Lewisia kelloggii spp. kelloggii No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Lewisia longipetala No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Lewisia serrata No habitat is present in project area. No Effect.

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Page 2 SPECIES HABITAT AND OR DETECTIONS NEAR Impacts of Action Alternative PROJECT to sensitive plants

Mahonia sonnei Removed from list (USDI 2003) No Effect. Monardella follettii No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Penstemon personatus No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Phacelia stebbinsii No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Pinus albicaulis No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Poa sierrae No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Pyrrocoma lucida No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Tauschia howellii No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Non Vascular Plants Bruchia bolanderi No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Helodium blandowii No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Peltigera gowardii No habitat is present in project area. No Effect Meesia uliginosa No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Mielichhoferia elongata No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Fungi Cudonia monticola No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Dendrocollybia racemosa No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Phaeocollybia olivacea No habitat is present in project area. No Effect. Sowerbyella rhenana No habitat is present in project area. No Effect.

For information about this plant biological evaluation, contact Susan Urie at 10811 Stockrest Springs Road, Truckee, CA 96161. Phone: 530-587-3558 Email: [email protected]

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Page 3 Introduction: The purpose of this Biological Evaluation is to determine whether implementation of the Big chief Trail Construction would result in a trend toward Federal Listing of any Forest Service sensitive plant species. This Biological Evaluation has been prepared in accordance with direction in FSM 2672.4. This project applies standards and guidelines from the Tahoe National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan (LMP) (1990), as amended by the SNFPA FSEIS ROD (2004) including the Standard and Guideline for Sensitive Plant Surveys #125 (included by errata, 2004). It also applies standard management requirements such as contract clauses designed to protect forest resources, Best Management Practices (BMPs) for water quality protection, BMPs for preventing the spread of invasive plants and other mitigation measures specific to this project.

Project Location: B. Proposed Action

Who: The Truckee Ranger District proposes to construct and maintain the trail on National Forest System lands within the Truckee Ranger District. A small segment of potential route that crosses private Northstar lands could also be developed by written agreement; however, this segment would not be authorized by a Decision on this proposal.

What: The Proposed Action consists of the actions and protection measures detailed below. Appendix A (detailed Proposed Action maps) and Appendix B (Best Management Practices) are attached to this document and provide additional details about the Proposed Action.

General Trail Design: The Truckee Ranger District proposes to construct a non-motorized trail from the existing Sawtooth trail loop to the existing Watson Lake Trail / Tahoe Rim Trail. The new trail connection would be built as a non-motorized multiple use trail, designed and managed for mountain bike use. The new trail extension would be constructed for multiple use with specific design features to sustain current use patterns. Signage and trail design features would be incorporated to educate and improve the multiple use experience. The trail length on National Forest System lands would equal approximately 6.6 miles, which includes a short connector to the existing Deer Creek Trail. Approximately 1.5 mile of additional trail could be eventually constructed on private Northstar lands under written agreement; however, this segment would not be authorized by a Decision on this proposal. The entire trail could eventually total approximately 8.1 miles in length. Details about trail design and construction are specified below. The tread would be 18-24” (Class II trail for horses and mountain bikes) wide with drainage features such as grade reversals incorporated into layout and construction. Current Best Management Practices (BMPs) would be utilized during design and construction with grades not exceeding 8%. If short sections exceed this grade, they would be armored for the intended use. Where applicable, turns and switchbacks may be in sloped to minimize outer trail edge degradation from mountain bike wheels. Trailheads, Kiosk and Trail Signage: One end of the new trail extension would begin at the Southernmost existing Sawtooth trailhead with the other end of the trail connecting to the existing Watson Lake trail terminus on the 16N73 Road, commonly referred to as the Fiberboard Freeway. These two trailheads offer existing, limited parking. It is anticipated that larger trail terminus parking areas may be needed and smaller trail access parking areas may be needed along the trail

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Page 4 route. Any new or expanded parking areas would be limited to currently impacted sites. Expanded parking opportunities for the Sawtooth / northern terminus of the trail are exhibited on Map 1 in Appendix A. New trailhead signage would be installed with a map of the new trail connection. A new kiosk and map would also be installed where the new trail crosses the 06 road in Section 14 of Township 16. N, Range 16. E. Minor signage may also be installed as needed at other locations as needed as detailed below. Signage features of the trail include but are not limited to: • Signs indicating private property boundaries • Informational and educational signs to educate and reduce multi-user conflicts (horses, hikers and mountain bikes), and to provide information about the local area (local plants and wildlife). • To reduce resource damage (switchback cutting, prevention, pack it in-pack it out for trash, and noxious weeds) Trail Construction: • Mechanized equipment usage Trail construction would take place following Best Management Practices (BMPs) which require adherence to specific construction practices. BMPs are detailed in Appendix B and include requirements for operations. Both mechanized equipment and hand crews would be utilized to construct new trail segments. Mechanized equipment may include trail dozers and mini excavators 30-60” wide and less than 7000 pounds. Chainsaws and standard trail construction tools would be utilized during construction periods. Use of mechanized equipment would be coordinated with District resource specialist to minimize effects on surrounding resources such as potential goshawk or owl habitat. • Equipment access routes All trail construction equipment would utilize existing staging areas and routes, no new access routes or staging areas would be constructed. Temporary ATV motorized access may be needed along the new trail corridor to refuel mechanized construction equipment. This access would be limited to trail crews employed in construction efforts. When construction is finished, motorized traffic would be prohibited and all visual or physicals signs of temporary motorized access would be rehabilitated to their desired condition following guidelines in Resource Protection Measures and per the complete set of National Quality Standards for Trails (Forest Service Handbook 2353.15). Planning and trail design details: The trail would be designed consistent with required policy and direction as detailed below. Trail Class: There are five Trail Classes, ranging from the least developed (Trail Class 1) to the most developed (Trail Class 5) The existing Sawtooth and Watson Lake trails are designated Class 2. Considering these factors and anticipated use, the new Trail connector would be built and managed to Class 2 standards: Moderately Developed (FSH 2309.18, sec.14.2). Designed Use / Managed Use Types: The existing Sawtooth trail loop is actively managed for mountain bike use, trails on adjoining private North Star lands are managed for mountain bike use, while the Watson Lake Trail / Tahoe Rim Trail is managed as multiple use. Considering the length of the new trail and its connection to existing trails managed for current use patterns, the new trail

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Page 5 connection would be designed and managed for the following use types consistent with Managed Use (FSH 2309.18, sec. 14.3). Designed Use - Mountain Bike: Due to current use patterns and connection to existing trails managed for mountain bikes, it is anticipated that the new trail connection would be predominantly used by mountain bikers. Trail features and turning radiuses would be incorporated into the trail design which accommodate and enhance bicycle use Managed Use - Hiker / Pedestrian: The Tahoe National Forest and surrounding lands offer premier hiking trails such as the Pacific Crest Trail, Judah Loop and trails within the Granite Chief Wilderness which are solely designated for pedestrian and stock use. The new trail connector would be managed for pedestrian / hiker use, however it is anticipated to be a secondary use, given the premier hiking opportunities in close proximity. Managed Use - Pack and Saddle: The Robbie Ranch Equestrian Park exists on private property just to the west of the newly proposed trail connection, in addition the annual Tevis Cup endurance horse race occurs in this area on the 06 road until it enters the existing Tevis trail. Equestrian use is at its highest during the annual event and occurs in lower numbers throughout the summer season. For this reason the new trail would have clearing standards and other design features incorporated which meet managed use for Pack and Saddle use. These features would include extended site lines and minimizing blind corners which would help to create a safer and more enjoyable multiple use experience. Drainage Crossing Design: The proposed trail would cross two seasonal Class III drainages. Crossing design would be consistent with Best Management Practices included in Appendix B and the National Quality Standards for Trails (Forest Service Handbook 2353.15). Design Parameters: Design Parameters reflect the design objectives for NFS trails and determine the dominant physical criteria that most define their geometric shape (FSH 2309.18, sec. 14.5). These criteria include the following. a. Design Tread Width - Design Tread Width would be single lane 18-24” b. Design Surface - Design Surface would be standard / terra trail which would maintain natural protrusions, and obstacles. c. Design Grade - Target Grade for new trail construction would be under 8%, Short Pitch Maximum Grade would not exceed 15% and would be armored to withstand the designed and managed use. d. Design Cross Slope – New trail construction would be designed to provide proper drainage. Target Cross Slope would not be less than 2* and Maximum Cross Slope would not exceed 40*. e. Design Clearing - Vegetation clearing width would maintain an average of 2ft from centerline, clearing height would average 16ft, shoulder clearance would average 6ft. Sight lines would be enhanced to provide easier recognition of oncoming users. Limited hand felling and slash removal and chipping would occur in areas where hazard trees and fuels affect user safety. Clearing of down trees upstream of stream crossings will be conducted where trees affect the function of the trail crossing. f. Design Turns. Turning radiuses would be designed for two wheel bicycle use which will complement equestrian use. D) Resource protection measures Commented [WKJ-1]: None of the measures described below Resource Protection Measures (RPMs) and Management Requirements are placeholders. PLEASE edit as needed.

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Page 6 Standards and Guidelines from the 1990 Tahoe National Forest Lands and Resource Management Plan (LRMP), as amended by the 2004 Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment (SNFPA) FSEIS Record of Decision (ROD) will be applied. Soils and Hydrology: In addition to Protection Measures listed below see Appendix B: Big Chief Trail Resource Protection Measures/ Erosion Control Plan. Nonnative Invasive Plant Management Resource Protection Measures: 1) Any equipment that is brought on site should be washed. Clean equipment inspection should be performed before the heavy equipment arrives on site and when equipment moves from heavily infested to lightly infested locations within Forest Service system lands. 2) Any materials used for erosion control or revegetation should be from a native source and come from adjacent areas. It is recommended that conifer needles and chipped branches be used for mulch and native seeds be raked in from the side to revegetate and cover disturbed ground. As a last resort, weed free materials could be brought from approved gravel pits or other weed-free certified sources. 3) Re-compaction of trail is recommended to prevent weed establishment in these disturbed areas. 4) Education- Workers should be educated about the potential for noxious weeds and spread prevention methods. A free educational booklet “Invasive Weeds of the Tahoe National Forest” is available at the Truckee Ranger District Office and can provide information about local noxious weeds and spread prevention. 5) Early Detection—Any noxious weed infestations discovered prior to or during project implementation should be flagged and avoided. Report new infestations to District Botanist. 6) Project-related disturbance—Minimize the amount of ground and vegetation disturbance. As necessary, reestablish vegetation on disturbed bare ground to reduce establishment; revegetation is especially important in staging areas. Cultural Resources: 7) The Section 106 compliance for this project is being completed under the provisions of the Programmatic Agreement Among the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region (Region 8), State Historic Preservation Officer, Nevada State Historic Preservation Officer, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Regarding The Process for Compliance With Section 106 of The National Historic Preservation Act for Management of Historic Properties by the National Forests of the Pacific Southwest Region (Regional PA). 9) The area of potential effects (APE) has been surveyed for cultural resources. The trail will be designed to avoid Forest Service Sites per stipulations in Appendix E-Approved Standard Protection Measures of the Regional PA (2013). Aquatic and Terrestrial Wildlife and Plant Protection Measures: 10) TES species: If any TES species (Federally threatened, endangered, proposed, or Forest Service sensitive species) previously unknown in the project area are detected or found nesting within 0.25 miles of project activities, appropriate mitigation measures would be implemented based on input from the aquatics biologist, botanist, and/or wildlife biologist. Measures can include, but are not limited to, flagging and avoiding a plant site, implementing a species specific LOP, or designating a protected activity center. 11) California spotted owl: Maintain a Limited Operating Period (LOP) prohibiting ground disturbing activities within approximately 0.25 miles from existing PACs from March 1 to August 15 for California spotted owl, unless surveys confirm that California spotted owls are not nesting.

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Page 7 8) Northern goshawk: Maintain an LOP prohibiting ground disturbing activities within approximately 0.25 miles from existing PACs from February 15 to September 15 for northern goshawk, unless surveys confirm that northern goshawks are not nesting. 9) Raptor nest: If any active raptor nest is identified within or directly adjacent to the proposed trail alignment during ground disturbing activities associated to trail construction, a 0.25 mile buffer would be placed around the active nest and an LOP for trail construction activities within that buffer would be put into place until August 31. 10) Nests/Denning Structures: Protect marten den site buffers from disturbance from trail construction activities from May 1 to July 31. If large stick nests or signs of active denning are observed on or directly adjacent to the current trail alignment proposed for new construction, work will cease in the immediate area and the occurrence and location will be reported to the wildlife biologist to determine the need for further review. 11) Sierra mountain yellow-legged frog: Within the Tahoe National Forest, Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog (SNYLF) is listed as a USFS Region 5 Sensitive species and as a USFWS listed endangered species under the Endangered Species Act. To minimize effects to SNYLF during and after project implementation the following measures will be applied: a) Tightly woven fiber netting or similar material shall not be used for erosion control or other purposes. b) Measures during the construction of the bridges will be in place to protect stream flows and avoid disturbance and impact to the hydrology of wetlands and meadows. c) Design criteria will include measures to minimize the risk of activity related sediment from entering aquatic . d) Areas disturbed in suitable habitat will be re-stored to pre-existing conditions within one breeding season. e) Restoration will be implemented within the project area for areas at risk for erosion 12) Sensitive Plants: The Botanist will flag known occurrences of sensitive plant species in areas that could be disturbed by project activities. Efforts will be made to prevent effects to these flagged areas. Recreation Management: 13) Concealing or removing existing user-created trails: Existing user-created routes and unauthorized trails on National Forest land would be removed from use and concealed in a phased manner after construction of the new trail begins. Materials including needles, rocks, branches and logs would be used to block use of the routes and prevent further degradation of resources. Where sensitive resources exist or significant environmental degradation has occurred due to user created trails, District Specialists will be consulted to determine appropriate rehabilitation methods and timing of action to limit disturbance in sensitive resource areas. 14) Construction around sensitive Resources: Numerous cultural and environmental sensitive resources were identified during project planning. The new trail corridor has been aligned to avoid these areas. Resource Protection Measures detailed above also guide the Proposed Action with avoidance measures. 15) Maintaining Trail to Design Standards: An operation and maintenance plan should be developed for this trail and include areas identified as potentially sensitive to maintaining trail design features that could affect water quality. As established used continues, modifications to maintain the design tread could include items such as rock lining to reduce tread widening, additional surfacing on areas where wear levels create entrenchment, other additional measures to

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Page 8 maintain trail design. Monitoring may identify other needs such as timing of use to maintain trail performance. An “adopt a trail program” for volunteers could be developed for this trail.

Botanical Review CONSULTATION TO DATE The Fish and Wildlife Service is contacted every 90 days to obtain a current list of Threatened, Endangered, Proposed and Candidate species that may be present on the Tahoe National Forest (TNF). The most recent list was dated September 5, 2017 and is available for review at the Truckee District Office. The federally listed Threatened or endangered plants occurring on the TNF are located on the west side on serpentine soils. Ivesia webberi has been upgraded to a threatened species. However, this species has not been found to occur on the Sierraville Ranger District to date and plant surveys have been performed in the potential habitat within the Project area.

Effects to threatened, endangered species can be avoided since none are known to occur on the eastside of the Tahoe National forest. This project concurs with Forest Service policy and management direction as described in the Tahoe National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan in terms of management of endangered, threatened and sensitive plant species.

Sources Used for Determination: X USGS Topographic Map X Aerial photographs X Soil Inventory Map X US FWS T&E Species List LMP data base X CDF&G CNDDB List or RareFind X Sensitive plant atlas Timber type map X Surveys completed atlas Stand record cards X Field visitation Other:

A pre-field review of the following species determined if any species were previously known to be present or if potential habitat for those species that were suspected to occur within the project area.

Tahoe NF Federally Listed Plant Species Documented Occurrence Suitable Habitat within Project area Ivesia webberi No No Packera layneae No No Tahoe NF Sensitive Plant Species Astragalus lemmonii No No Astragalus pulsiferae var. coronensis No No Astragalus webberi No No Boechera rigidissima var. demota No No Botrychium ascendens No No Botrychium crenulatum No No Botrychium lunaria No No Botrychium minganense No No Botrychium montanum No No Bruchia bolanderi No No

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Page 9 Tahoe NF Federally Listed Plant Species Documented Occurrence Suitable Habitat within Project area Cudonia monticola No No Cypripedium fasciculatum No No Cypripedium montanum No No Dendrocollybia racemosa No No Erigeron miser No No Eriogonum umbellatum var. torreyanum No No Fritillaria eastwoodiae No No Helodium blandowii No No Ivesia aperta var. aperta No No Ivesia aperta var. canina No No Ivesia sericoleuca No No Juncus luciensis No No Lewisia cantelovii No No Lewisia kelloggii ssp. hutchisonii No No Lewisia kelloggii ssp. kelloggii No No Lewisia longipetala No No Lewisia serrata No No Meesia uliginosa No No Mielichhoferia elongata No No Monardella follettii No No Peltigera gowardii No No Penstemon personatus No No Phacelia stebbinsii No No Phaeocollybia olivacea No No Pinus albicaulis No No Poa sierrae No No Pyrrocoma lucida No No Sowerbyella rhenana No No Tauschia howellii No No

Need for Field Surveys ____ Field surveys are not needed for this project because suitable habitat for Sensitive Plants is not known to exist in these units.

_X_ Field surveys have been conducted within the project area during the summer of 2017. These areas have been surveyed to the standards indicated in the table below (refer to the Pre-field Review for a definition of the survey level in the Tahoe National Forest Sensitive Plant Standards and Guidelines).

____ Field surveys will be conducted as soon as field conditions are suitable for the stands mentioned above.

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*If surveys were conducted outside the appropriate ID period, surveys were for suitable habitat and/or plant remnants. Marginally suitable habitat was found, but the area has very sparse vegetation that would not need to be treated. **Surveying of fungi is not a reliable method to determine presence /absence because they usually exist as mycelia in the soil and are invisible, except for the short unpredictable periods of time when they produce above ground fruiting bodies (mushrooms).

Findings of Field Surveys X_ No occurrences of sensitive plants were found within project area.

__ Suitable habitat for sensitive plants does not exist within project boundaries.

____ there is one known occurrence of sensitive plants (listed above) within the road prism of one of the routes to be restored. A map of the occurrences is attached. See direct, indirect and cumulative effects section below.

Findings will be reported to project coordinator soon after surveys are completed. Any occurrences will be flagged and mapped for avoidance.

Effects of Proposed Project Surveys were completed in September of 2017. The determination that Ivesia webberi (threatened) is absent within the project area can be made because, Ivesia webberi habitat range occurs at lower elevations on alluvial fans in the Reno, Nevada area. The closest known Ivesia webberi occurrence is located in Dog Valley, California. The other threatened plant species Packera layneae could not possibly occur on the east side of the Tahoe, because it is known to inhabit the serpentine soils at a much lower elevations on the west side of the Tahoe NF.

Surveys were done during the appropriate seasons for finding the sensitive and threatened plant species within the proposed project area in 2017.

Determination It is my determination that the Big Chief Trail construction will not impact any threatened, endangered, proposed species or Forest Service sensitive plants on the TNF list including Ivesia webberi (threatened). Therefore, this project concurs with Forest Service policy and management direction as described in the Tahoe National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan in terms of management of these species.

Resource Protection Measures Nonnative Invasive Plant Management Resource Protection Measures for the Big Chief Trail Construction Project:

The following Management Requirements will be implemented to reduce the risk of invasive plant establishment and spread associated with proposed activities.

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Page 11 1. Education- Workers should be educated about the potential for noxious weeds and spread prevention methods. A free educational booklet “Invasive Weeds of the Tahoe National Forest” is available at the Truckee Ranger District Office and can provide information about local noxious weeds and spread prevention. 2. Equipment Cleaning—All equipment and vehicles (Forest Service and contracted) operating off-road must be free of invasive plant material before moving into the project area. Equipment will be considered clean when visual inspection does not reveal soil, seeds, plant material or other such debris. Cleaning shall occur at a vehicle washing station or steam- cleaning facility before the equipment and vehicles enter the project area. 3. Early Detection—Any noxious weed infestations discovered prior to or during project implementation should be flagged and avoided. Report new infestations to District Botanist. 4. Project-related disturbance—Minimize the amount of ground and vegetation disturbance. As necessary, reestablish vegetation on disturbed bare ground to reduce invasive species establishment; revegetation is especially important in staging areas. 5. Weed-free construction materials—All gravel, aggregate, fill, mulch, topsoil, erosion control materials and other construction materials are required to be weed-free. When possible, use onsite materials such as pine needles, unless contaminated with invasive species. Otherwise, obtain weed-free materials from sources that have been certified as weed-free. Any materials which would be stored on site for an extended period of time (6 months) should be covered by some kind of barrier to prevent the materials to become infested with non-native plants. 6. Revegetation—Seed and plant mixes must be approved the District Botanist. Neither invasive species nor persistent non-natives (e.g. Agropyron cristatum, Dactylis glomerata Lolium spp. And Phalaris spp.) would not be used in revegetation. Seed lots will be tested for weed seed and test results will be provided to District Botanist. Seed and plant material should be collected from as close to the project area as possible, preferably from within the same watershed or at similar elevation, unless area is known to be infested with undesirable species. 7. Post Project Monitoring–For projects involving ground disturbance or use of imported materials, notify the District Botanist after the project is completed, so that the project area can be monitored for invasive plants subsequent to project implementation (as funding allows).

Attachment #1 - Glossary Endangered Plant. Any species, including subspecies, “in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range” – Endangered Species Act 1973.

Proposed plant. Officially proposed (in the Federal register) for listing as endangered or threatened.

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Page 12 Sensitive plant. Those plants known or highly suspected to occur on National Forest System lands that are considered viable candidates for Federal threatened or endangered classification – a Forest Service designation.

Threatened Plant. Any species “likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range” – Endangered Species Act 1973.

Viability. A viable population is one that has the estimated numbers and distribution of reproductive individuals to insure its continued existence in the project area.

Watchlist plants and plant communities. These are selected plants and plant communities that may become increasingly rare, or are being tracked for other reasons (for example increased illegal collection or interest for collection). Tahoe National Forest botanical personnel evaluate this list annually.

Attachment #2 REFERENCES (for plant BE)

Abrams, L. 1940. Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States Vol. I-IV. Stanford University Press.

California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) Natural Diversity Database, 1998.

Dr. Dan Norris, UC Berkeley, pers. comm.

Dillingham C., 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007. HFQLG Botany Monitoring Reports. Unpublished. Plumas National Forest Supervisor’s Office, Quincy, CA.

Duron, W. 1990. Survey of Historic Locations for Ivesia webberi On the Plumas and Tahoe National Forests. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy and Plumas and Tahoe National Forests.

Eisler, R.1990. Boron Hazards to Fish, Wildlife and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report (85).

Flowers, Seville, 1973. Mosses: Utah and the West. Brigham Young University Press.

Harrod, R.J., D.E. Knecht, E.E. Huhlamm, M.W. Ellis, and R. Davenport. Effects of the Rat and Hatchery Creek Fires on Four Rare Plant Species. In: Proceedings – Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference, Nov. 13-16, 1995. Coeur D’Alene, Idaho.

Hickman, J., 1993. The Jepson Manual Higher Plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

Hoch, Peter C., 1992. A New Species of Epilobium (Onagraceae) in California. In Phytologia (December 1992) 73(6):460-462.

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Page 13 Karron, J. D. 1987. The pollination ecology of co-occurring geographically restricted and widespread species of Astragalus (Fabaceae). Biological Conservation 39: 179-193.

MacDonald, L. H. unpublished. Year unknown. Analyzing Cumulative effects: Process and Constraints. In: Review for Environmental Management.

Munz, P.A. 1968. A California Flora and Supplement, U.C. Press.

Sawyer, J.O. and T. Keeler-Wolf. 1995. A Manual of California Vegetation. California Native Plant Society. 471p.

Skinner, M.W. and B.M. Pavlik. 1994. California Native Plant Society’s Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA.

USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region. 2001. Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment, Final Environmental Impact Statement, Record of Decision.

USDI Fish and Wildlife Service. 2001. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; 12-month finding for a petition to list the plant Botrychium lunaria (slender moonwort) as threatened. Federal Register. 30368, Vol. 66, No. 109. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Review of Species That Are Candidates or Proposed for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Recycled Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions. Federal Register. (Vol. 67, Number 114) USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 2003. Endangered and threatened Wildlife and Plants; Delisting of the Berberis (=Mahonia) sonnei (Truckee Barberry). Federal Register; October 1, 2003 Volume 68, Number 190). USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service, 2013. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Ivesia webberi (Webber’s Ivesia). Federal Register /Vol. 78, No 149/ August 2, 2013 / Proposed Rules. (Pages 46862-46888)

USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service, 2013. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12- month finding and Candidate removal for Potentilla basaltica; Proposed Threatened Species Status for Ivesia webberi (Webber’s Ivesia). Federal Register /Vol. 78, No. 149/ August 2, 2013 / Proposed Rules. (Pages 46888-46897).

USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service, 2013. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Ivesia webberi (Webber’s Ivesia). Federal Register /Vol. 78, No. 162/ August 21, 2013 / Proposed Rules. (Page 51705).

USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service, 2013. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Ivesia webberi (Webber’s Ivesia). Federal Register /Vol. 79, No. 30/ February 13, 2014 / Proposed Rules. (Pages 8668-8677).

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Page 14 USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 2014. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Species Status for Ivesia webberi. Federal Register; June 3, 2014 Volume 79, Number 106). pp. 31878-31883 USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service, 2014. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Ivesia webberi (Webber’s Ivesia). Action: Final Rule. Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 106 June 3, 2014 / Final Rule. (Pages 32126-32155).

Van Zuuk, K. 2001. Tahoe National Forest Sensitive Plant Standards and Guidelines, Unpublished, USDA.

Van Zuuk, K., L. Hansen, and D. Weixelman. 1992. Interim Management Guide for Ivesia aperta var. aperta, Ivesia aperta var. canina, and Ivesia sericoleuca. USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region, Tahoe, Plumas, and Toiyabe National Forests.

Wagner, W. H. and T. B. Devine. 1989. Moonworts (Botrychium: Ophioglossaceae) in the Jonesville area, Butte and Tehama Counties, California. Madrono Vol. 36:131-135.

Weixelman, D. and Atwood, D. Sensitive Plant Field Guide, Toiyabe National Forest.

Witham, Carol W. 2000. Current Knowledge and Conservation Status of Ivesia aperta (J. T. Howell) Munz var. aperta (Rosaceae), The Sierra Valley Ivesia, in Nevada.

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