Index

Compiled by Sue Carlton

42-day detention 116, 120–1 Bank for International Settlements 133, 135 29–30 banking crisis 71 Academies 36–8, 41, 46, 265 see also financial crisis (2007-08) Academies Act (2010) 37 (block grant) 157, Addison, Paul 259 158, 172, 178, 190, 199, 201, 206 Afghanistan 214, 218, 234, 236, 240 see also , and block grant air pollution 97 Basic State Pension 22, 78–9, 263 Air Quality Directive 98 Beech, Matt 9–10, 228 airport expansion 91, 93–6 Beer, S. 261 Airports Commission 95–6 Bekhradnia, B. 45 Alexander, Danny 4, 263 Bevan, Aneurin 62, 261 Alternative Vote (AV) 129, 130–1, 132, Bevin, Ernest 261 134, 135, 142, 166 Big Society 70, 119, 124, 145, 264 Alternative Vote Plus (AV+) 131 Big Society Bank 149 Anti-social Behaviour Crime and of Rights Commission 121–2, Policing Act (2014) 248 139–40 Arab League 232 biodiversity 97 Arab uprisings 9, 227, 231, 234, 240 biometric passports 118 see also Libya; Syria; Tunisia Blair government 41, 145, 148, 152, Army 2020 223, 224 265 Assad regime 10, 233, 234–5 and Gaddafi 231 asylum seekers 102, 105 and international development 238 Atos Healthcare 75 interventionism 9, 10, 227, 229, attendance allowance, in Scotland 231, 236, 240 170, 172 Blair, Tony 260 Attlee, Clement 259, 260, 261, 262 Blanchard, Olivier 19 Aughey, Arthur 162 Border Police Force 102 austerity 4–5, 6, 20, 21, 24, 33, 146, Bourne, Nick 186 151 Brazil 229 cuts targeted at better-off taxpayers Bright Blue 108 78 Brimstone 218 impact on condition of British Bill of Rights (BBoR) 116, 146, 148, 151, 153, 154–6 121–2, 129, 131, 136, 138–9, 266 impact on public services 68, 76–9, ‘Broken Britain’ 117 80, 124, 125, 126, 154, 155, 264 Brown, Gordon, Scottish Referendum see also deficit reduction; under speech 171 specific public services Brown government 145, 146, 148, 152 child poverty strategy 70 Baker, Kenneth 37, 38 fiscal consolidation 19–20 Bank of England 30 and interventionism 23, 229

270 Index 271

Browne Review 41–5, 46, 149 and social security system 68, 70–1, Building Stability Overseas Strategy 79 239–40 tribute to Thatcher 262 Bulpitt, Jim 1 and Welsh 192 business carbon emissions 91, 92, 98, 151 corporation tax in NI 196–200, 206, Care Quality Commission (CQC) 52, 207 62 and EU reform 249, 250, 251, 256 Carmichael, Alistair 173, 254 and green issues 90 Carr, Jimmy 78 investment 21, 22–3, 30–1 Carswell, Douglas 110, 254 lending to banking sector 30 Centre for Social Justice 73, 117 and need for airport expansion Chalmers, Malcolm 216 93–4 Chamberlain, Joseph 260 197, 199 Charmley, John 1, 11 and Single Pot funding 153 Charter of Fundamental Rights 244, Business, Innovation and Skills Select 248, 254 Committee 44 child benefit 78, 251 child poverty 17, 68, 70, 71–2 Cable, Vince 106, 108–9 Child Poverty Act (2010) 70, 72 Calder, Nigel 95 Child Poverty Strategy (2014–17) 72–3 Callaghan government Child Support Agency 69 and 1976 financial crisis 146 China 229 and Scottish devolution 163 Chote, Robert 20 Calman Commission (on Scottish Chowdry, H. 40 devolution) 166, 167, 168, 188 Church Action on Poverty 76 Cameron, David Churchill, Winston 260, 261 and civil liberties 115, 116, 118, Circle 62–3 120–1, 126 civil liberties 114, 115, 116, 118–21, and constitutional reform 131, 132, 126 133, 134, 139, 141 see also human rights and defence budget 212–13, 214–15 Clark, Tom 33 and devolution for England 149, Clarke, Greg 152 159 Clarke, Ken 122 economic liberalism 4, 264 Clegg, Nick and EU 141, 243, 246, 247, 248–54, and civil liberties 120 256 and constitutional reform 132, 133, and foreign policy 9, 227–40 135, 136 and green issues 86, 90–1, 96, 97, and deficit reduction 16 98 and devolution for England 149, and health care 55, 56 159 and human rights 115, 121, 123 and economic liberalism 5 and immigration policy 102, 106–7 and EU policy 244, 252–3 and modernisation 7, 114, 116–17, and green agenda 91–2 119, 120–1 and health care 55, 56 and Northern Ireland 195 and humanitarian aid to Syria 234 and political economy 16, 24–5, 30, and immigration system 102 32 lack of public trust 110 and Scottish devolution 162, 167–8, and tuition fees 44 170, 171, 172, 173 TV debate with Farage 255 272 The Conservative–Liberal Coalition

Clements, Ben 8 and social security system 69, 70–1, climate change 90–2 78 Climate Change Act (2008) 92 see also liberal Clinical Commissioning Groups Conservative–Liberal Coalition (CCGs) 52, 59, 60–1, 63, 265 differences Clinton, Bill 70 over constitutional change Closed Material Procedure (CMP) 130–2, 136–7, 139, 142 119–20 over environmental issues 92–5 Collini, Stefan 45 over 106–7, Combined Metropolitan Authorities 244, 247, 252–3, 254 152–3, 160 over HRA 118, 121, 122, 123, 139 Commission on Home Rule and and ideology 1–12 Community Rule (2012) 169 inner Quad 263 Commission on Scottish Devolution as transformative or reformist 259, (2013) 169–70 263–7 Commissioning Support Units (CSUs) constituency boundary reforms 131, 54, 61 132, 135 Common Agricultural Policy 244 constitutional change 129–42, 146, Common Fisheries Policy 249 266 Community Care Grants 5, 78 compromises 131–3 Comprehensive Spending Review concessions 133–5 (CSR) (2010) 18, 26, 39, 213, 230 and Scottish devolution 164, 165–6, Conflict Pool 239 167, 170 conflict prevention 227, 229, 239–40 unplanned changes 135–42 Conservative Party see also electoral reform; House of in Scotland 165 Lords, reform in Wales 179–84 Coulson, Andy 136 Conservatives 11–12 Council Tax Rebate Scheme 5, 77–8 and airport expansion 93, 95 counter-terrorist measures 115, 118, and civil liberties 116, 119, 120–1 120, 126 defections to UKIP 110, 254 Crabb, Stephen 192 and economic liberalism 4, 264 Crawford, R. 20, 155 and education policy 38, 39, 42, 43 Crime and Courts Bill 137, 138 Euroscepticism 243, 244, 245, 246, Cripps, Stafford 261 252, 253–4 Crisis Loans 5, 78 and foreign policy 10, 228–9, 238, crowding-out thesis 18, 22, 24 240 and green issues 86, 89, 91–2, 98 Daily Mail 40 and health and social care 50–1, 54, Daily Record 170 58, 63–4 Dalton, Hugh 261 and HRA 121, 122–3 Darling, Alistair 19, 243, 247 and immigration policy 102, 103, Darroch, Sir Kim 223 106–7 Davey, Edward 90, 91, 110 and political economy 24 Davies, David 186–7 post-war governments 259, 260–2 Davies, Sir Howard 95–6 Social Justice Policy Group 73 Davis, David 116 and social liberalism 7–9, 11, 12, debt, private 32–3 265 debt interest payments 22 Index 273 decentralisation 119, 147, 151–3, 155, Dilnot, Andrew 56 166 Dilnot Commission (on Funding of see also localism Care and Support) 56–8 Defamation Bill 137 Disability Living Allowance 200 defence 211–25 Donnelly, Sean 53 budget cuts 211, 212–17, 222, 230 Douglas-Home, Sir Alec 260 equipment expenditure 213, Duncan Smith, Iain 7, 68, 72–3, 214–16, 222–3 79–80, 197 expeditionary capability 222–3 Dunne, Philip 223 see also foreign policy, DUP (Democratic Unionist interventionism Party-Northern Ireland) 202–3, maintaining influence 211–12, 205 221–5, 230 Dworkin, Ronald 114 and NATO targets 215–16 spending projections and scenarios 216–17 ‘e-borders’ system 102 UK contribution in Libya operation East Coast mainline (ECML), returned 218–19 to private sector 96 see also Strategic Defence and economic liberalism 2, 3, 4–7, 11, Strategy Review 262, 264 deficit reduction 5–6, 17–18, 146, 154, Economic and Monetary Union 194, 267 (EMU) 244, 246, 256 failure of Coalition policies 6–7, 17, economic performance 6–7 18, 20–3, 24, 25, 32, 212, 264 failure to re-balance economy 17, Plan A (expansionary fiscal 23, 26–31, 32 contraction) 17–20, 24 lack of growth 20–1, 22–3, 26 dilution of 20–3 and road and rail networks 96, 97 Plan B (long-term plan) 23–6, 32 Economist 109 see also austerity; fiscal Eden, Anthony 260 consolidation Edinburgh Agreement (2012) 168–9, Dehaene, Jean-Luc 248 266 Department for Business, Innovation education policy (in England) 36–46, and Skills 106, 153 149, 150, 265 Department for Communities and Academies and Free Schools 36–8, Local Government (DCLG) 154–5 41, 46, 265 Department for Environment, Food and austerity cutbacks 154, 155 and Rural Affairs (Defra) 90, 92, higher education reform 41–5 97 marketisation 41, 44–5, 46, 265 Department for International and privatisation 38, 46 Development (DFID) 229, 238, Pupil Premium 39–40, 41, 46, 263 239 Department for Work and Pensions education vouchers 38 (DWP) 74–6, 77, 204 Educational Maintenance Allowance development aid 227, 238–9 5 developmental market agenda 147–8, Edward, Sir David 122 158 electoral reform 130–2, 133, 134, 142 devolution 145, 148, 150 see also Alternative Vote (AV); in England 146, 149–50, 151–3, proportional representation (PR) 155–6, 158–60 Emmerson, C. 19–20, 21, 264 see also under Northern Ireland; Employment and Support Allowance Scotland; Wales 73, 74, 75 274 The Conservative–Liberal Coalition

England 145–60 European Court of Justice (ECJ) 12, central role of Treasury 146–7, 160 247, 254 Coalition’s approach to governance European Criminal Records of 146, 150–4 Information System 248 combined authorities 152–3, 160 European Financial Stability devolution in 146, 149–50, 151–3, Mechanism (EFSM) 243, 247 155–6, 158–60 European integration 131, 141–2, 243, impact of austerity 146, 148, 151, 246, 247, 250, 251, 253 153, 154–6 European Union 12, 243–56 lack of strategic vision of 146–8 1975 referendum 252 national political identity 156–9, alliance building 249–50 174 Cameron’s Bloomberg speech in Programme for Government 146, 251–2, 253 148–50, 155–6 Cameron’s veto on EU fiscal and role of Scottish MPs 157 compact 247, 250, 252 English votes for English laws (West Charter of Fundamental Rights 244, Lothian Question) 136, 138–9, 248, 254 140–1, 157, 266 and Coalition formation 244–5 commission on 129, 139, 140, and Coalition policy 245–6, 252–5 Common Agricultural Policy 244 149–50, 166 and environment 98 see also McKay Commission EU migrants 251–2 and Scottish devolution 140, 171, Eurozone crisis 6, 243–4, 246–7, 172, 173 253 Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Bill examples of UK influence 249 137, 138 fiscal compact 247, 252 Enterprise Zones 160 ‘in-out’ referendum 141–2, 244, environment 16, 86–98, 266 246, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, climate change 90–2 256, 267 and economic growth 86, 87–8, 89, and police and criminal justice 244, 91, 92, 98 245, 248, 253 and ‘politics as usual’ 87–90, 93, 94, ‘referendum lock’ 244, 245–6 98 and reform 245, 249, 251, 253–4, and road and rail projects 96–7 255, 256 Environmental Audit Committee regulation of financial services 244, (EAC) 97, 98 247 Erdos, David 116 renegotiation 244, 250, 252–4, 256 Euro 243–4, 245, 247, 250 and repatriation of powers 244, Euro Plus Pact 247 246, 250, 251, 253, 254 Eurojust 248 selecting Commission President European Arrest Warrant (EAW) 244, 248–9 246, 248, 253 tensions and divisions over 252–5 European Banking authority, double and UK surcharge 249–50 majority voting 247 European Union Act (2011) 141, European Convention on Human 245–6 Rights (ECHR) 115, 121–3, 126, Europol 248 139, 266 Eurozone crisis 6, 243–4, 246–7, 253 European Court of Human Rights Ewing, Keith 114 (ECtHR) 123, 129, 251 exit checks 102 Index 275

Fallon, Michael 110 The Future of England surveys 156–7 Farage, Nigel 110, 111, 183 Future Force 2020 (FF2020) 211, TV debate with Clegg 255 212–13, 217, 223, 224 Farron, Tim 254 Field, Frank 72 Gaddafi, Muammar 231–2, 233 financial crisis (2007–08) 3, 6, 21–2, Gamble, Andrew 115–16 27, 31, 78, 147 Garnett, Mark 1 Financial Transaction Tax 247 Gatwick airport 95 fiscal consolidation 18–20, 21–2, 23, gay marriage 4, 8–9, 70, 114, 115, 25, 32, 151, 154 121, 126, 265 see also deficit reduction Gillan, Cheryl 186, 191 fiscal discipline 4, 7, 146 Goldsmith, Zac 94 Fiscal Responsibility Act (2010) 19 Good Friday/Belfast Agreement (1998) Fisher, Jonathan 122 207 fixed-term parliaments 129, 130, 131, Gove, Michael 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 133–4, 166 45–6 Fixed-term Parliaments Act (2011) 266 Government of Ireland Act (1920) 201 flooding 97–8 Government of Wales Act (2006) foreign affairs 12, 227–40, 266–7 (GOWA) 185, 186, 191 and enhanced global role for UK Grain, Isle of, airport proposal (‘Boris 229, 230 Island’) 93, 94 international development 227, Grant Maintained Schools 37 238–40 Grayling, Chris 122 interventionism 3, 9–11, 227, 229, Greater Manchester Combined 231, 240, 266–7 Authority 152 humanitarian 9, 10, 12, 228, 232 Greece, bailout loan 243 see also defence, expeditionary Green, Andrew 110 capability; Libya; Syria Green, Damian 103, 140 and liberal Conservatism 228–31 green industries 16, 86 and Russian revanchism in Ukraine Green Investment Bank 90, 91 227, 237–8 green taxes 86, 89, 91 and stronger links with emerging Greening, Justine 93–4 powers 229–30 Grieve, Dominic 122 threats from non-state actors 228, Gulf Cooperation Council 232 233 see also ISIS/ISIL Haas, Dr Richard 206 Foreign and Commonwealth Office Habitats and Birds Directives 98 (FCO) 229, 230, 239 Hague, William 7, 245 foreign exchange turnover 29–30 and climate change 91 Foster, Arlene 198 devolution for England 158–9 Foundation Trusts 52, 60, 62 and English question 140 Fowler, Norman, Lord 137 and foreign policy 9, 230, 240 fracking 97 Hain, Peter 185–6 Free Schools 36–7, 39, 41, 265 Hall, Stuart 3, 265 Freedom Bill 118 Hamilton, Simon 198 Project 254 Hammond, Philip 91, 214, 222, 245 Friends of the Earth 94 Harper, Air Marshal Christopher 219 Funding for Lending Scheme Harper, Mark 105–6 extension (Bank of England) 30 Harrier 218 276 The Conservative–Liberal Coalition health and social care 50–64, 149, 150 Human Rights Act (HRA) 115, 118, see also National Health Service 121–3, 126, 138, 266 reform; social care reform Hunt, Jeremy 58, 61 Health and Social Care Act (2012) 55 Health and Social Care Bill (2011) 52, identity cards 116, 118–19, 120 53–5 ideology 1–2 Heath, Anthony 33 immigration 12, 102–11, 266 Heath, David 254 amnesty for illegal immigrants 102 Heath, Edward 147, 260 deportation of foreign criminals Heathrow Airport 93–4, 95 105 Helmer, Roger 86 economic 103–4 Help to Buy scheme 108–9 and EU policies 106–7 Heppell, T. 7–8 ‘go home’ billboard vans 106, 111 Heseltine, Michael, Lord 153–4 and housing policy 107–9, 110 Heseltine Review (on economic illegal immigrants 105–7 growth) (2012) 153 ineffectiveness of Coalition’s Hickson, Kevin 1 policies 109–10 High Speed trains (H2 and HS3) 93, international students 104–5 97, 151 and non-EU relatives 105 policy responsive to public opinion higher education, marketisation 44–5 103, 104, 105, 110–11 Hinchingbrooke hospital Immigration Act (2014) 105 (Huntingdon) 62–3 Incapacity Benefit 75 House of Commons Income Support 70, 73, 75 Defence Committee 217, 220 India 229 lack of support for intervention in infrastructure 5, 31–2, 108, 151 Syria 234, 267 Infrastructure Bill (2014) 96 reform 129, 131, 166 Inquiries Act (2005) 136 support for air strikes agaist ISIS/ISL Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) 6, 40, 236 154–5 international development 227, Constitution Committee 140 238–40, 267 reform 129, 131, 133, 134–5, 142 and conflict prevention 227, housing 107–9 238–40 housing shortage 107, 108, 109 and security 238–9 and immigration 107–9, 110 International Monetary Fund (IMF) new garden cities 108 18–19, 146, 247 social housing 77, 107, 151, 155 Invest NI 197 Housing Benefit 30, 73, 108, 170, 172, Iraq, invasion of 230, 234–6 251 ISIS/ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the and spare-room subsidy (‘bedroom Levant) 227, 233–6 tax’) 5, 77, 80, 110, 142, 200, 204 Howe, Martin 122 Jabhat al-Nusra 233 Huhne, Chris 90 Jaguar Motors 30–1 human rights 115, 119–20, 121–3, Jenkins Commission (on electoral 126, 138, 222, 229 reform) 131 see also civil liberties; European Jobcentre Plus staff 75, 76 Convention on Human Rights; JobSeeker’s Allowance 69, 73, 74, 75, European Court of Human Rights 76, 111 Index 277

Johnson, Boris 93–4, 96 and economic liberalism 4–5 Johnson, Paul 6 and EU 244–5, 252–3, 254 Jones, Carwyn 190 and foreign policy 10, 229, 234 Jones, David 191, 192 and green agenda 90, 91–2 Jordan 235 and HRA 121, 122, 123, 139 Joseph, Sir Keith 38 and immigration policy 102–3, 106, Juncker, Jean Claude 248, 249, 250 111 Justice and Home Affairs 123–5, 126 loss of support 255, 263–4 and austerity cutbacks 124, 125, and NHS reforms 50, 53, 64 126 Orange Book 2, 3, 4–5, 7, 8, 10, 11, Justice and Security Act (JSA) (2013) 12, 119, 265 119–20 and social liberalism 7 and social security 77, 80 Kennedy, Helena 122 and tuition fees 43–4, 46, 263 Keynes, S. 20, 155 in Wales 180–4, 190–1 Keynesianism 4, 259, 262 Liberty 5, 116, 119–20, 262 Kirkup, James 4 and authority 114 Klein, Rudolf 53, 55 see also civil liberties; human rights Kosovo 9, 231, 232 Libya civil war 9, 233 Labour Party intervention in 10, 218–19, 222, acceptance of spending constraints 224, 227, 231–3, 267 80 National Transition Council 232, and deficit 5–6, 19 233 and devolution reforms 163 uprising 231–3 and health care 50–1, 55, 60, 62, 63 Lidington, David 245 opposition to intervention in Syria Lisbon Treaty 243, 248–9, 254 11 Lloyd-George, David 261 post-war governments 259, 260, local authorities 261 and austerity measures 153, 154–5, in Scotland 174 156 and social security system 69–70 duties imposed on 152 in Wales 179–84, 190 Local Democracy, Economic see also New Labour Development and Construction Lakin, Matthew 3 Act (2009) 152 Lansley, Andrew 51–6, 58, 63 Local Enterprise Partnerships 149, law and order 114, 115–17, 124, 126 160 see also police localism 123–4, 126, 151–2 Laws , David 72 see also decentralisation Le Grand, Julian 41 Localism Act (2011) 108, 151–2 legal aid, cuts to 5 and reserve powers 152 Leigh, Sir Edward 134 Lester, Anthony 122 McCausland, Nelson 201–2 Leveson Inquiry 136–7, 138 McKay Commission (on English Lewis, Sir Leigh 121, 139 Question) 139, 140, 149–50, 160 liberal Conservatism 3–4, 114–15, McKay, Sir William 140 120–1, 123–6, 228–31, 240 McKibbin, Malcolm 205 Liberal Democrats McLoughlin, Patrick 93, 95, 96 and civil liberties 119, 120 146 278 The Conservative–Liberal Coalition

Major government 152, 154 and centralisation 50, 52, 63, 64 and EU policy 252 commissioning 50, 52, 54, 59–61 and foreign policy 228, 229 creation of instability 63–4 and law and order 116 efficiency 52, 54, 62, 63–4 and social security system 68, 69 ‘Five year forward view’ (FYFV) 60 Major, John 134, 248 Future Forum 54–5 Al Malaki, Nouri 235 management structures 52–5, 58–62 Marriage (Same-Sex Couples) Act private sector involvement 5, 54, (2013) 265 62–3, 265 Massie, Alex 111 and social care 56–8, 61–2 May, Theresa 104, 106–7, 124, 125 under Hunt 58–62 Mead, Lawrence M. 72 under Lansley 51–8 al-Megrahi, Abdelbaset 231 in Wales 183 Merkel, Angela 107, 249 National Identity Register 118 Merton, Paul 41 National Planning Policy Framework Mid-Staffordshire Inquiry 58–9 108 Middlemas, Keith 260 National Security Council (NSC) 230 Miliband, Ed 136, 206, 246 National Security Strategy (NSS) Mill, John Stuart 114 211–12, 230, 231, 239 Minhad airbase 234 NATO 236, 237, 262 Ministry of Defence (MOD) 213, 239, and European capabilities 219–21, 267 224, 225 Mitchell, Austin 134 and spending targets 213, 215–16, Monitor 52–3, 59, 60 217 Moore, Michael 168 Neill, Bob 142, 253 Morgan, Kenneth O. 261 Nesbitt, Mike 205 Morgan, Nicky 46 new economy, Coalition plan for Morrison, Herbert 261 16–17, 26 Mostyn, Justice 248 ‘New English Politics’ 157 Multiannual Financial Framework 249 Murdoch, Rupert 58 New Labour Murray, Charles 72 blamed for banking crisis 71 and civil liberties 114, 115, 118, National Assembly for Wales (NAW) 119 178, 179, 184 and education policy 37, 45 2007 election 180 gay rights 265 2011 election 181–2 and international development 238 and law-making powers 185–8, 190 and interventionism 9–10, 11, 227, referendum (2011) 185–7 229, 266–7 National Audit Office (NAO) 74, 148, managerialism 6 156 and social security system 70, 71–2, National Citizen Service 149 74, 75 National Curriculum 38 see also Labour Party National Health Service (NHS) reform News of the World 136 50–64, 145, 149 NHS England (NHSE) 52, 59–60 Accident and Emergency waiting North Sea Oil 27 times 61 Northern Ireland 194–207, 266 and austerity cutbacks 154, 155, block grant 199, 201, 203, 206 265 see also Barnett Formula Index 279

devolution of corporation tax Parliamentary Voting System and 196–200, 206, 207 Constituencies Act 135 rebalancing economy 195–200, 207 Parliamentary Voting System and welfare reform 200–6, 207 Constituencies Bill 132–3 financial impact of 202–3 Parr, Doug 92 and parity with rest of UK 201, Paterson, Owen 90, 92, 197 203–4 Personal Independence Payments resisting austerity 205 (PIPs) 75, 200 Northern Ireland Act (1998) 201 petition mechanism 166 Northern Ireland Assembly 197, 198, Pickles, Eric 152 203, 204, 206 Pinto-Duschinsky, Michael 122 Northern Ireland Constitutional Act Plaid Cymru 178, 179–84 (1973) 201 police Northern Ireland Council for accountability 124–5 Voluntary Action (NICVA) 202 and austerity cutbacks 124 Northern Ireland Economic Reform increased powers under Thatcher Group (NIERG) 197, 198 116, 124 Northern Ireland Welfare Reform Police and Crime Commissioners Group (NIWRG) 203 (PCCs) 115, 124–5 Police Reform and Social Northern Powerhouse 97, 158, 160 Responsibility Act (2011) 124–5 political economy 16–33 Oakley, Matthew 76 building ‘new economy’ 16, 17 Offender Management 124 see also deficit reduction Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) poverty reduction 71–3 17, 20, 32–3, 264 ‘foundation ’services 72 Economic and Fiscal Outlook (2014) new poverty indicators 72–3 3, 32 see also child poverty Forecast Evaluation Reports (FERs) press regulation 129, 131, 136–7 22–3 PricewaterhouseCoopers 195–6 Office for Environmental Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) 52, 60–1, Responsibility 98 149 Oliver, T.J. 9–10 proportional representation (PR) 130, open public services initiative 150 131, 132 Operation ELLAMY 219 Public Health England (PHE) 52, 59 Osborne, George public services 6, 116 and creation of OBR 17 reform 147–8, 150, 165 and economic liberalism 4, 79 spending on 25, 159, 264 and green issues 90, 91, 92, 94, 96 spending for UK devolved and ‘long-term’ plan 23–4, 25 administrations 157, 158, 195 re-balancing economy 19, 26, 29, see also Barnett Formula 158 see also specific services reducing corporation tax 200 Public–Private Partnerships 6 reducing role of state 22 Putin, Vladimir 237 and Treasury dominance 146–7 Puttnam, David, Lord 137 Oxfam 76 Qatar 232 parliament 129–42 qualified majority voting 247, 248 see also constitutional change Quantitative Easing 30, 32 280 The Conservative–Liberal Coalition railways 96–7 Scotland Act (2010) 167, 168, 169, high speed trains (HS2 and HS3) 93, 170 97, 151 Scotland in the UK: The Enduring and renationalisation 96 Settlement 173 Rebalancing the Northern Ireland Scotland’s Future 169 economy 196, 197 Scottish Green Party 174 recall of MPs 129, 166 Referendum Reckless, Mark 110, 254 (2014) 139–40, 163–4, 170–4 Regional Development Agencies 149, ‘Better Together’ campaign 170–1, 151, 153 266 Regional Growth Fund 160 promises on new powers for Regional Spatial Strategies 149, 151 Scotland 157, 158, 170, 171, Review of the Balance of 172–4 Competences 246 and single ‘Yes’/‘No’ question Ricketts, Sir Peter 230 168–9 Riddell, Peter 115, 260–1 see also Edinburgh Agreement Right to Buy scheme 108–9 Scottish Independence Referendum road building 96 Franchise Bill (2013) 169 Robinson, Peter 195, 196–7 (SNP) 162, 164–5, 166–7, 169, 266 roll-back 5, 12, 24–5, 115, 116, 152, response to referendum defeat 262, 264 173–4 Royal Navy 12, 218–19, 223, 224 162–3, 164–5, Russia, revanchism in Ukraine 227, 167–8, 169 237–8 elections 164–5, 166 secret courts 114, 119–20 Saferworld 239 Severe Disablement Allowance 75 Salmond, Alex 167, 173–4 Sharia law 233 Sanders, Adrian 254 Sierra Leone 9 Sands, Philippe 120, 122 Silk Commission (on Welsh Sandys, Duncan 211 devolution) 188–92 Saudi Arabia 232, 235 Silk, Paul 188 Scotland 162–74 Single Pot 153–4 and block grant 157, 172 Single Transferable Vote 131 see also Barnett Formula Sinn Fein 202, 204, 205 devolution 150, 162, 167–8, 170–3 (on Scottish 1979 referendum 163 devolution) 150, 164, 171–3 and constitution 164–70 Smyth, Mike 198 of welfare policy and income tax ‘snoopers charter’ 121 170, 172 social care reform 56–8, 61–2 and independence 166–70, 266 Social Democratic and Labour Party see also Scottish Independence (SDLP) (Northern Ireland) 202 Referendum social housing 77, 107, 151, 155 National Conversation 166–7, 168, social liberalism 2, 3, 7–9, 11, 116, 188 119, 265 and UK general elections (2010) social mobility 16, 17, 70, 72 165 social security system 68–80 Scotland Act (1978) 163 and austerity cutbacks 68, 76–9, 80 Scotland Act (1998) 167 benefit sanctions 68, 75–6, 204 Index 281

Coalition government’s strategy 68, tax credits 70, 73, 78, 251 71–9 taxation historical background 69–71 corporation tax in NI 196–200, 206, means-tested benefits 70 207 minimum wage 7, 70 for environmental purposes 89 negative media portrayals of evasion and avoidance 78 claimants 79 income tax threshold 80, 263 New Deals 70 reduction of top rate income tax 5, and poverty reduction 71–3 78 protection for pensioners 78–9 in Wales 190, 191 see also welfare provision Tetlow, G. 19–20, 21, 264 Sovereignty Bill 244, 245 Thatcher government 18, 52, 116, Spaight, Anthony 122 152, 194, 228, 252 spare-room subsidy (‘bedroom tax’) 5, and social security system 68, 69, 77, 80, 110, 142, 200, 204 79 Special Immigration and Appeals as transformative 260–2 Commission (SIAC) 120 and Westland takeover 153 Spelman, Caroline 90 Thatcher, Margaret 1, 4, 228, 260–1 Stabilisation Response Teams 239 failure to deliver industrial recovery Stanhope, Admiral Sir Mark 219 31 Stansted airport 95 and House of Lords reform 134 Stevens, Simon 60 and law and order 115–16, 124 Storm Shadow 218 road-building programme 96 Stormont House Agreement (2014) Thatcherism 4, 5, 80, 115, 255, 261, 206–7 262 Stoye, G. 155 Thompson, J. 45 Strategic Defence and Strategy Review TLAM (Tomahawk Land Attack (SDSR 2010) 211–18, 221–2, 223, Missile) attacks 220 224, 230 Tornado 218, 234 aid and conflict prevention 239 financially-driven 212, 224 Total Departmental Expenditure Limit high-risk policy 212, 218–21 (DEL) 213 and possible loss of influence 212, Transatlantic Trade and Investment 225 Partnership 250 and promises 212–14, 217, 224 Treasury, central role of 146–7 Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs) Treaty on Stability, Coordination and 51, 52, 64 Governance 247 student debt 44 Trench, A. 199 Sturgeon, Nicola 174 Trends in Lending (Bank of England) 30 Suez Crisis (1956) 260 True Wales 187 Sure Start 149 Truss, Liz 92 Syrian civil war 10, 227, 233–5 Trussell Trust 76 and chemical weapons 233–4 tuition fees 43–4, 46, 150, 263 opposition to intervention 10–11, Tunisia 231, 232 234, 267 Type 26 Global Combat Ship 223 UK security-related assistance to opposition 234, 235 UKIP (UK Independence Party) 8, 11, 103, 123, 165, 252, 253, 254–5 Tata Motors 30–1 and EU 110, 123, 255 282 The Conservative–Liberal Coalition

and immigration 110, 111, 255, and NHS 183 266 party politics 178, 179–84 Tory defectors to 110, 254 review of Welsh devolution 187–8 in Wales 183–4, 190 see also Silk Commission Ukraine, and Russian revanchism 227, and UKIP 183–4, 190 237–8 see also National Assembly for United Arab Emirates 232 Wales (UK) Wales Bill (2014) 191, 192 changes to relationship with EU Warsi, Sayeeda, Baroness 133 244–5 Welfare Benefits Up-Rating Act (2012) EEC admission 260 77 as globalised power 223–4 welfare provision multi-party politics 264 cap on benefits 200, 267 post-war consensus 259–62 dependency 69, 73 relations with Russia 237 and EU migrants 251–2 United Nations (UN) increased spending 21–2 Climate Change conference (2015) see also social security system 91 Welfare Reform Act (2012) 72, 73, 75, and intervention in Libya 232 200, 201 Millennium Development goals Welfare Reform Bill (NI) 201–2, 204 239 see English United States (US) votes for English laws and operation in Libya 219–20 Wharton, James 142, 253 shifting priorities 220–1 Williams, Professor M.J. 219 Universal Credit 68, 73–4, 200, 251 Wilson government, and Scottish utilities, foreign ownership 27 devolution 163 Wilson, Harold 252 Varney, Sir David 196–7, 198 Wilson, Sammy 198 Villiers, Theresa 93, 200, 202 wind farms, onshore 91, 97 Vow, on new powers for Scotland 157, Winter Fuel Allowance 79 158, 170, 171, 172–3 Wood, Leanne 183 Work Capability Tests 68, 75 Wales 178–93 Work Experience Programme 75 and Barnett Formula 178, 190 Work Programme 68, 74–5 constitutional politics 179, 184–92 World Economic Outlook (IMF) and devolution 178, 184, 192–3, (2010) 18 266 Wright Committee 129, 131, 166 2011 referendum 185–7, 266 Wyn Jones, Ieuan 179–80 impact of austerity 178 and income tax devolution 190, Yanukovich, Victor 237 191 Labour Party in 179–84, 190 zero-hours contracts 7, 31