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THE HISTORY OF ORTHODONTICS D R . JUH Á SZ FANNI SEMMELWEIS EGYETEM , GYERMEKFOGÁSZATI ÉS FOGSZABÁLYOZÁSI KLINIKA B U D A P E S T , MAGYARORSZÁG SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF DENTISTRY Departement of Pedodontics and Orthodontics http://semmelweis.hu/gyermekfogaszat/ CONTENTS Prehistoric, Ancient XVIII. & Early XIX. 1 & Middle Ages 2 Century Late XIX. & Early Appliances of the 3 XX. Century 4 XX. & XXI. Century SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF DENTISTRY Departement of Pedodontics and Orthodontics http://semmelweis.hu/gyermekfogaszat/ PREHISTORIC, ANCIENT & MIDDLE AGES SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF DENTISTRY Departement of Pedodontics and Orthodontics http://semmelweis.hu/gyermekfogaszat/ PREHISTORIC AGE Crooked teeth were found among Neanderthals (50,000 BC) The first written trace of its treatment is originated from 3000 years before SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu ANCIENT TEXTS Dental problems and their treatment were menioned in ancient text, but they were mainly protetical treatments. Ancient egypt (i.e. 1800) Syria (i.e. 1000) Bible, Talmud Aristotle, Claudius Scribonius Largus, Pliny the Elder and Marcus Valerius Martialis SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu HIPPOCRATES AROUND 400 B.C. "Among those individuals whose heads are long-shaped, some have thick necks, strong members and bones; others have strongly arched palates; thus teeth are disposed to irregularity, crowding one on the other… " SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu AULUS CORNELIUS CELSUS – 25 – 50 B.C. "In children too if a second tooth is growing up before the first one has fallen out, the tooth which ought to come out must be freed all round and extracted; the tooth which has grown up in place of the former one is to be pressed upwards with a finger every day until it has reached its proper height. And whenever after extraction, a root has been left behind, this too must be at once removed by the forceps made for the purpose which the Greeks call rhizagra." SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu CAIUS PLINIUS SECUNDUS - 23-79 Pliny the Elder (ad 23-79) suggested filing elongated teeth to bring them into proper alignment. SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu AELIUS GALENUS 129-199 Teeth protruding from the normal row should be carefully shortened, using a small iron file, a method that remained in practice until modern times. Galen recommended that if this procedure was painful then it should be spread over several sittings SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu ‘Poggio Gaiella appliance’ 4. Century B.C. el-Quatta Egypt, around 2,500 B.C. Etruscan appliances 7. century B.C. ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu MIDDLE AGES & THE RENAISSANCE Dental education in France from 1580 “operators for the teeth” “open or widen the teeth when they are set too close together.” 1619 – Fabricius: extraction if teeth are crowded SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu XVIII. & EARLY XIX. CENTURY SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF DENTISTRY Departement of Pedodontics and Orthodontics http://semmelweis.hu/gyermekfogaszat/ PIERRE FAUCHARD 1678-1761 Initially worked as a „Tooth puller” 1728 Le Chirurgien-Dentiste The word „dentist” Father of Orthodontics SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu Spring-loaded dentures Bandeau Pelican horseshoue shaped noble metal plate The teeh were ligated to the plate The teeth were repositioned with „pelican”-, then slinting to the neighboring teeth Bandeau APPLIANCES SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu „DENTISTS" • Oral hygiene, gums, prevention • Fillings, filing of the teeth • Cauterizating • Trepanning • Aligning the teeth, repositioning them • Autotransplantation • Tooth whitening • Some of them specialized to make dentures SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu ETIENNE BOURDET 1722-1789 French King’s dentist Refined Fauchard’s bandeau 1757 – first descripion of serial extraction & the extraction of the premolars to solve crowding SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu XVIII. CENTURY ORTHODONTICS Aligning mainly the maxillary teeth "Before she sent her daughter, Marie-Antoinette, to France in 1770 to marry the future Louis XVI, the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa thought it wise to summon to Vienna the very best that Europe could provide to reposition some of the princess’ teeth so that they would look “very beautiful and well arranged.” Her choice fell on a Parisian dentist." SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu JOSEPH FOX 1776-1816 The Natural History and Diseases of the Human Teeth (1814) – 4 sections First important dental treatise in the XIX. century and remained the best practica book for dentists in English SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu First, who • classified the malocclusions (1803) • described the development of the lower jaw (distal extension) • gave accurate prescriptions of the orthodontic treatments Interested in • Timing of the decidous teeth’ extraction • Treatment timing Appliances: • Bite blocks in patients with open bite • Expansion arch • Chincap (1802) APPLIANCES SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu JOACHIM LEFOULON 1776-1816 French dentist word: orthodontosie (1841) First, who used labial and lingual arches combined Etiology Factors • based on biological phenomens • Control the development and the form of tissues and organs SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu CHRISTOPHE-FRANÇOIS DELABARRE - 1787-1862 Crib - appliance The definition of lever First screw (1815). Separtion of the teeth with floss or wooden wedges SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu J. M. ALEXIS SCHANGE 1807-? 1841 – the first exclusively orthodontic textbook Changed the design of the screw bands 1842 – 3 years after the invention of vulcanization he used rubber tubes The word Anchorage SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu JOHN TOMES 1812-1895 First: Bone resorption and apposition Root resorption Among the founders of the British Dental Society and its first president Dental education as a university-based programme SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu AMERIKAI PIONÍREK A XIX. SZÁZAD ELEJÉN Chaotic treatments Primitiv appliances (design, material) No refined treatment plans No dental education before the 1830s (physicians, barbers, charlatans) Few othodontic publiactions before 1880 SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu LEONARD KOECKER 1728-1850 Dentist in Philadelphia He treated the malocclusions with ligating the teeth Early treatment “if placed under proper care at an early age, the greater portion of the teeth of the permanent set may invariably be preserved to perfect health and regularity,” Early extraction of the first molars “be extracted at any period before the age of twelve years, all the anterior teeth will grow more or less backwards and the second and third molars . fill up the vacant space.” SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu J. S. GUNNELL ?, WAHINGTON occipital anchorage in 1822 beginning orthodontists’ 180-year struggle to get their patients to wear headgears. Caméllia var. Mrs Gunnell SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu CHAPIN A. HARRIS 1806-1860 Founded and edited (1839-58) the American Journal of Dental Science 1839 He and Horace H. Hayden (1769-1844) founded the first dental college at the University of Maryland, the first dean and professor of practical dentistry (first lectures about “irregularities of the teeth.”) First modern classic dental textbook: The Dental Art (1840) Gold caps on molars in openbite cases Extra buttons on the bands if teeth are rotated SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu CHARLES GOODYEAR 1800-1860 1839 accidentaly discovered the vulcanization E. G. Tucker among the first to use the new material, he was the first American who used rubber bands (1846) It was not get much attention until Dr. Baker and Dr. Case didn’t write about intermaxillary elastics SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY © Dr. Juhász Fanni History of orthodontics. http://semmelweis.hu LATE XIX. & EARLY XX. CENTURIES SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF DENTISTRY Departement of Pedodontics and Orthodontics http://semmelweis.hu/gyermekfogaszat/ NORMAN W. KINGSLEY 1825-1896 Founder of the New York College of Dentistry alapítója, dean from 1865 to 1869 (from 1925 New York University College of Dentistry.) After 1850 more and more textbooks abot orthodontics, aong them one of the most importants is the A Treatise on Oral Deformities (1880) He was the first to recognise the importance of etiolgy, diagnosis and the treatment plan in the everday practice. Pyro-arts (Rembrandt copies) SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY
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